/ en-US Thu, 14 Feb 2019 22:49:32 -0800 60 / 144 41 /images/layout/goodreads_logo_144.jpg /author_blog_posts/4819304-fossil-fire-the-fuels-that-rule-and-risk-our-lives Fri, 06 Sep 2013 08:12:16 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4819304-fossil-fire-the-fuels-that-rule-and-risk-our-lives
My working title is “Fossil Fire: A social history of the fuels that rule and risk our lives in out time of climate change.� Publishers, not authors, determine what the actual title of a book will be. Sometimes they even have different titles for the American and English editions of the same book. In fact, authors are given to grumbling that publishers are more interested in what’s on the cover of a book that what’s between the covers. That’s hyperbolic, of course. Be that as it may, I’m hopeful that something of the working title windups in the final title.

We won’t know about that for about another four years. This will be my 11th book, and my most ambitious. It will be a big doorstopper that might take me four years to research and write, two third of that for researching and the rest for writing—and re-writing, re-writing, re-writing. The fate of the project may depend on my ability, at age 82, to keep my brain intact. I’m still in the early stages of research. I’ve been working on this part-time because of other irons in the fire, but full time starting in December.

From time to time, I’ll try to blog about interesting stuff that comes up as my work comes along.

In my next blog, I’ll talk about a cousin of mine—a few generations removed—whom I met in the course of my research. He was a 10-year-old boy who, in 1841, had already been working 12 hours a day, underground in a coal mine near Edinburgh. He was part of the vast and terribly exploited child labourers who made the Industrial Revolution possible. It’s a poignant story.

posted by Earle Gray on February, 14 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4786963-why-i-don-t-have-time-for-facebook-or-to-tweet-on-twitter Sat, 31 Aug 2013 04:16:11 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4786963-why-i-don-t-have-time-for-facebook-or-to-tweet-on-twitter
I don’t understand our new television set. We have three hand-held remote control units, for the television set, for the cable service, and for our VCR. I counted 162 buttons on the three remote controls. I vaguely understand what five or six of them do. But Joan and I got a big surprise on a recent Saturday evening.

We checked available programs on the cable remote, and debated about choices: Splendor in the Grass, a classic movie with Warren Beatty and Natalie Wood; a baseball game; and a football game with the Calgary Stampeders and the Toronto Argonauts. We chose the football game.

No sooner had the football game came up than a notice flashed across the screen advising us that Splendor in the Grass was about to be recorded, as we had ordered. We had?How did that happen? We’ll never know. Neither did we know how to stop it, except by blindly pushing buttons for what seemed like a very long time.

I suppose I could take the time to learn the various functions of all those 162 buttons, but I won’t.

I could take the Social Media course offered at our local college and learn about Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Bebo, Buzznet, and hundreds more. I could learn about smartphones that take photos and videos use GPS to tell me where I am.

If scientists had been a little quicker, I could have used mobile communication tools 40 years ago when I travelled frequently across North American, from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico. But today, we are content to leave our car in the garage as much as possible, except for social or pleasure use.

I’m also content to communicate the old fashioned way, by email. I’m happy to use the Web to keep informed about the world with the New York Times (my home page), the Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, et al, and by searching with a very few social media sites, such as Google.

I don’t want to spend time learning about the latest tools and technologies, about Goodwizz and other such social media, and even more time using them. I want to learn things I need to know if I am to succeed in the undertaking I’ve carved out for my next four years or so. I’m hoping it will be the capstone of my life of writing, my 11th and most ambitious book.

I’m armed with nine fat books, prodigious material from the Web sites of the Royal Ontario Museum, the Smithsonian Institute, and others as I read about geology, zoology, paleontology, and sedimentology; about such critters as prokayotes, eurakotees, labyrinth amphibians and paleoniscid fish; about the Cambrian, Ordovician and Carboniferous periods, with subdivisions such as Ediacaron and Moscovian, together with their flora and fauna that range in size from microorganisms to dinosaurs.

If you think these things are dull, you are terribly wrong.

Consider the small shelled marine animals that lived half a billion years ago near the shore of a sheltered sea basin. They were swept by mudslides 500 feet down to the bottom of the sea where there was neither light nor oxygen. They were buried and entombed in more mud that came down from the ridges around the sea basin. Their carcasses became fossils and the mud became limestone. That limestone and the fossils now lie more than 7,000 feet above sea level on the spectacular face of a Rocky Mountain in British Columbia’s Yoho National Park, “The world’s most important animal fossils,� according to evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould.

Is that dull?

Or considered Charles Doolittle Walcott, the man who discovered this fossil collection in 1909. Walcott’s formal education stopped short of completing high school but he pursued fossils with such tenacity and enthusiasm that he became a leading paleontologist, a long-serving head of the U.S. Geological Survey and later head of the Smithsonian Institute. Walcott, aided by his wife, daughter and sons, spent 15 years collecting 65,000 fossils from what is now known as the Burgess Shale, and he did little more than scratch the surface. But it took decades more of continued work by paleontologists and geologists to realize the full significance of the fossils in the Burgess Shale.

Is that dull?

But all this is for just one of about 20 chapters I hope to complete before my brain is fossilized. So I hope I may be excused for not having time for Facebook, Twitter, or Goodwizz.

posted by Earle Gray on May, 21 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4739294-farm-women-want-law-to-cover-bare-naked-knees Thu, 22 Aug 2013 20:33:48 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4739294-farm-women-want-law-to-cover-bare-naked-knees The 1920s were the Roaring Twenties, the decade of flappers, the Charleston, and bootleg booze, when women joined men in smoking in public and daring fashions revealed bare-naked knees. Older women were shocked. Some Alberta farm women wanted a law limiting the exposures of fashion. The Regina Leader comments in this editorial, January 19, 1923.

The United Farm Women of Alberta engaged in a warm debate over whether or not they should recommend that the Government fix by law what young women shall and shall not wear. Some of them would like to see Attorney General [John] Brownlee bustling around the province with a tape measure, checking up the length of skirts.

Others think that on the ground of economy alone it might be dangerous for the Government to meddle in the question of young women’s dress. The enforcement of the Alberta Temperance Act would probably be a simple matter compared with the enforcement of a law requiring girls to wear what they don’t want to wear. Governments have enough to do now without trying to cope with the hornet’s nest they would stir up by attempting to dictate in a matter of this sort.

Things have come to a pretty pass if the mothers of Alberta, or any province in Canada, have so far lost control of their offspring that they have to appeal to legislatures for assistance in regulating dress. Girls used to be brought up to dress modestly and becomingly. They can still be brought up that way if their parents will attend to their duties at home.

What the good women of Alberta apparently fear is that some of the extremes to which their daughters have recently carried the fashions threaten to undermine their moral fibre. We doubt if the danger is great, but even if it were the remedy is not to be found in state regulation of dress. The fair sex had just about as many slips to answer for as it has today, when it wore hooped skirts or gowns that swept the sidewalks.Alberta undoubtedly already has sufficient legislation to prevent indecent exposure of the person in public; and that is as far it would seem wise to go.
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TAGS: Fashion, Women, Law, Modest, Immodesty. Indecency.

posted by Earle Gray on March, 18 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4737627-satisfaction-fails-dissatisfaction-succeeds Thu, 22 Aug 2013 10:54:28 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4737627-satisfaction-fails-dissatisfaction-succeeds
Easy success in early life becomes a handicap when it brings self-satisfaction. That is why many child prodigies become has-been in their twenties. Getting what one wants is sometimes worse for later production than not getting it. That is why new crops of self-made men are always coming to the top, why old family businesses pass into new hands.

Without dissatisfaction one is like a watch without a mainspring. The works are all there, but it takes the spring struggling to release itself to make the watch run. American statesman Bernard Baruch’s mother wound him up by telling him, “No one is better than you, but you are not better than anyone else until you do something to prove it.�

Arthur F. Lenehan (1913-77), U.S. editor and epigrammatist, Bits & Pieces, September 14, 1995.

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posted by Earle Gray on December, 30 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4598274-rockefeller-s-social-darwinism Sun, 28 Jul 2013 10:11:26 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4598274-rockefeller-s-social-darwinism
Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Trust, in the early years of the oil patch, ruthlessly crushed competitors—the new buds of his flowery allegory—with secret, monopolistic, anti-competitive, and illegal practices. But they did provide consumers a petroleum product with a new standard of safety, reliability, and economy. It was social Darwinism in a case of the good, the bad, and the ugly.

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TAGS: Social Dawininism. Business, Evolution. Ecology. Nature. Culture, John D. Rockefeller.

posted by Earle Gray on March, 16 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4589326-busy-bugger-billy-bishop-and-the-wwi-air-aces-who-shot-down-the-red-baro Fri, 26 Jul 2013 09:25:42 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4589326-busy-bugger-billy-bishop-and-the-wwi-air-aces-who-shot-down-the-red-baro
Bishop is officially credited with destroying 72 German aircraft, exceeded among allied pilots in the First World War only by French aviator Rene Fonck, who shot down 75.

Not all Bishop’s victories were witnessed, and some historians say the total was less than claimed. Yet there is no doubt that Bishop was one of the top aerial dog fighters, and Canada’s best-known. Ernest Udet, second only to the Red Baron among Germany’s air aces, called Bishop “the greatest English scouting ace.� Other Germans called him “Hell’s Handmaiden.�

In the First World War, Canadians almost dominated the air aces of Britain’s Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service, which became the Royal Air Force for the final seven months of the war. Among their victims was Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron.

In the final year-and-a-half of the War, Canadians mostly piloted the famed Sopwith Camel, the bi-wing, single-seater, open cockpit, machine gun-mounted crate of wood and canvass, flying at 115 miles per hour, as low as 100 feet above the ground, or as high as 20,000. Bishop’s scouting and fighter aircraft, however, was a French machine, the Nieuport 17, also a bi-wing, single seater.

That British witnesses were not always on the scene of Bishop’s action is not surprising since he often flew lone-wolf missions behind enemy lines. On his return from one flight, a mechanic counted 210 bullet holes in his aircraft.

The son of a Toronto lawyer, Bishop was 18 when he joined a cavalry regiment when war started in 1914. Less than two years later, he was an observer and aerial photographer in a two-seater scouting plane, flying over German lines in France. Injured in a crash, he was out of action for an extended recovery, but a year later he was a trained pilot flying his first Nieuport 17. He crash landed on his first flight but shot down his first enemy aircraft the next day. His rank and his victories climbed. The solo flight that won him the VC (in addition to five other British and two French military awards) was on June 2, 1917, when he attacked a German airfield, reportedly shooting down three aircraft that were taking off to attack him, and destroying several more on the ground.

Two years later. June 19, 1918, Bishop made his last combat flight. He had been ordered to leave France that day for England to organize the new Canadian Flying Corps, and he was more than unhappy about leaving the action. “I’ve never been so furious in my life,� he wrote to his wife. Before leaving for England that day, he took off for one last, early morning flight. In 15 minutes of combat, he shot down three German aircraft and caused two others to crash.

In addition to Bishop, among the best-known First War Canadian air aces were Bill Barker, a farm boy born in a Manitoba log house; Andrew (Hank) McKeever, bank teller; Wilfrid (Wop) May, son of a Manitoba carriage maker; Stan Rosevear, university student; Roy Brown, business school student. They were young, still just 22 to 25 years old at the end of the four-year war.

STAN ROSEVEAR
All except, Rosevear, who didn’t make it to the end. A “very skilful and dashing fighter pilot,� according to the citation that won him the Distinguished Service Cross for a flight in which he shot down four German planes and attacked infantry from a height of 100 feet. In nine months, he won 23 victories. Seven month before the war ended, he was shot down in his Sopwith Camel, and killed. He was 22.

BILLY BARKER
Barker was the wild colonial boy. A pain in the side of authority, he buzzed London’s Piccadilly Circus with his Sopwith Camel in a display of aerial acrobats. Like Bishop, he disobeyed orders for solo flights behind enemy lines. On one flight, he strafed a German airfield, á la Bishop. In a dog fight with 15 German Fokker aircraft, he shot down four before—wounded three times, bleeding profusely, barely conscious—he safely crash landed back in allied territory and was evacuated to hospital. His left elbow destroyed, he would later fly as a one-armed pilot, but never again as a fighter pilot. He had already shot down 50 enemy aircraft. Still Canada’s most decorated military man, he won a chestful of medals from Britain (including the Victoria Cross), France, and Italy. He was “The deadliest air fighter that ever lived,� claimed his friend Billy Bishop.

HANK McKEEVER
After winning his wings, McKeever began piloting Bristol Fighters in April 1917, flying long-range reconnaissance over enemy territory. British newspapers soon dubbed him King of the Two-Seaters, in which the pilot in front and the observer in the rear cockpit each manned machineguns. The Bristol Fighter 2A was said to be the only British two-seater capable of holding its own against the German fighters—but it was a McKeever technique that made it a much more effective fighter. Instead of more or less floating aloft as a shooting platform for the observer and his gun in the rear cockpit, McKeever flew the Bristol like a Sopwith Camel, diving into dogfights, both pilot and observer blazing their guns.

On a solo reconnaissance flight behind enemy lines, McKeever and his observer attacked a pack of nine German fighters, shooting down two. Over a five-month period, they destroyed 31 enemy aircraft.

Posted back to England, McKeever spent the final 11 months of the war training pilots for a putative Canadian Air Force, which didn’t get off the ground until two years after the war.

DEATH OF THE RED BARON
Roy Brown and Wop May were the key figures in the dogfight that killed the Red Baron.

Brown was one of the very few British flight commanders who never lost a pilot during combat. That was due in part to his custom of instructing new pilots in his squadron to refrain from dogfights, to fly high above the action, to observe and learn. On patrol on April 21, 1918, Brown’s newest pilot was Wop May. The Sopwith Camels attacked a group of 15 to 20 German triplanes. Wop was not the only novice pilot watching and learning from above the fray. There was also a German fighter, piloted, as it turned out, by Wolfram von Richtofen, cousin of the Red Baron. Wop attacked the new German pilot, chasing him down toward the dogfight, until Wop’s gun jammed. Seeing his cousin chased, the Red Baron chased Wop. Then Brown, seeing Wop chased, chased the Red Baron. In his combat report, Wop wrote:

“…came out with red triplane on my tail, which followed me down to the ground and over the line on my tail all the time got several bursts into me but didn’t hit me. When we got across the line, he was shot down by Capt. Brown. I saw him crash into the side of the hill. Came back with Capt. We found afterwards that the triplane (red) was the famous German airman Baron Richtofen. He was killed.�

Historians, however, question whether it was Brown who shot and severely wounded Richtofen, causing him to crash. He was also fired on by the machine guns of Australian infantry, who might have hit and wounded him.

With Canadian modesty, Brown wrote in his combat report that the effect of his fight with the Red Baron was “indecisive.� His commanding officer changed that to “decisive,� and Brown was officially recorded as having shot down the Red Baron.

In the post-war years, Wop May became one of the best known of Canada’s bush pilots, flying out of Edmonton into the Northwest Territories. Brown left the RAF in 1919 for a varied career as an accountant; founder of a small, ill-fated airline; editor of Canadian Aviation; an unsuccessful candidate for the Ontario legislature, and finally, a farmer. He died of a heart attack at age 50.

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TAGS: War, King George V, Billy Bishop, Red Baron, Manfred von Richtofen, Wop May, Billy Barker, Stan Rosevear, Hank McKeever, Roy Brown, First World War, Royal Air Force, Fighter pilots, Dogfights,

posted by Earle Gray on March, 19 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4580833-man-with-no-business-sense-donates-10-billion Wed, 24 Jul 2013 21:24:02 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4580833-man-with-no-business-sense-donates-10-billion
Feeney, a student of hotel administration at Cornell University, had submitted a paper on money and banking. In a New York Times interview (November 26, 1997), he told columnist Maureen Dowd:

“I got my paper back with a note from the professor: “You have a flair for writing, but no knowledge of the subject matter. Consider journalism.�

Fenney left school at age 17 to join the U.S. Air Force. He served as a radio operator during the Korean War, and in the late 1950s, sold duty-free liquor to U.S. naval personnel at Mediterranean ports. That experience would later lead to his business fortune.

After his military service, Feeney attended Cornell. In 1960, he and partner Robert Warren established a Hong Kong-based business, Duty Free Shoppers Group. DFS expanded rapidly, with a worldwide chain of off-airport duty free stores. The chain grew into the world’s largest travel retailer. Feeney was soon a multi-millionaire, and began giving his money to philanthropy.

“I had one idea that never changed in my mind—that you should use your wealth to help people,� Fenney later told his biographer, Connor O’Cleary. “I set out to work hard, not get rich.�

Feeney established his philanthropic foundation, The Atlantic Philanthropies (AP), in 1982. Unlike enduring philanthropies that give grants from their investment earnings, AP was set up to give all of it away during Feeney’s lifetime. After modest provision for his family and himself (Freeney is known for his frugality and modest lifestyle; he rides subways, flies economy class, and sports a $15 wristwatch) he gave all his fortune to AP, including his 38.75 percent interest in Duty Free Shops.

With worldwide operations, AP’s grants are focused on aging, youth, human rights, poverty, and population health.

In 1996, a French luxury group purchased the philanthropy’s interest in Duty Free Shops for $1.63 billion. Feeney arranged for $26 million of that to go to 2,400 long-term DFS employees, an average of almost $108,000 each.

By this time, Feeney and his philanthropy had given away some $600 million� anonymously. A lawsuit launched by his former partner threatened to end the anonymity. Feeney decided to go public himself, with a New York Times interview published January 23, 1997.

By 2010, AP had made grants totaling $5 billion. The figure is expected to reach $9 billion by the time it’s wound up in 2017. Including donations in addition to AP, Feeney will likely have given away more than $10 billion.

TAGS: Charles Feeney, Philanthropy, Business, Duty Free Shoppers Group, The Atlantic Philanthropies

posted by Earle Gray on March, 06 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4574823-home-prices-crazy-tops-and-bottoms Tue, 23 Jul 2013 20:52:48 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4574823-home-prices-crazy-tops-and-bottoms
The median price for a home in Albany is $169,000, as reported by zillow.com July 23. The average price for a Manhattan apartment this Spring was $1.425 million, and climbing, as reported by the New York Times July 8.

But you’d be lucky to get that Manhattan apartment at the average price. Bidding is furious, driving sale prices above asking prices.

“[S]igns posted in a window or on the web are greeted by a tidal wave of desperate buyers and frantic offers,� Elizabeth A. Harris reported in the Times. “And almost as quickly as they appear, those listings are gone.�

Unlucky Manhattan apartment bidders—if unlucky is the correct designation—perhaps wind up renting, for a median monthly fee of $3,100, according to zillow.

Buyers, bidders and renters who pay these prices obviously seem affluent, but not necessarily wealthy. Some are undoubtedly home rich and dollar poor, struggling to meet monthly payments on a maximum mortgage, or to meet the rent.

Affluent Manhattan dwellers live a world away from the city’s teeming homeless. But what happens if trouble comes calling, if interest rates and payments soar, job loss or major long-term illness strikes, marriage fails? Are any at risk of joining the 50,000 New Yorkers—including 21,000 children—who spend the nights in shelters or on the streets?

Not to worry. Unless equity is wiped out in a real estate collapse, distressed Manhattan apartment owners could buy a home in the capital of the country, or the capital of any of the 50 states, for a fraction of the price of their Manhattan digs.

Median selling prices for a home in Washington, DC, is $485,000, one third of the average Manhattan apartment price. Boston is home to the most costly homes among state capitals, at $429,500. At 25 of the 50 state capitals, your can buy a home at a median price of less than $200,000. Expect to pay $188,600 at Little Rock, Arkansas; $187,000 at Concord, New Hampshire, and $139,500 at Hartford, Connecticut.

Lowest prices at state capitals are $63,700 at Lansing, Michigan; $45.700 at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and $42,000 at Trenton, New Jersey.

Among all major cities, lowest home prices are at bankrupt Detroit, littered with derelict houses. The median price is listed at $26,000. You might even pick up a fixer-up for just the cost of legal fees and paper work.

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TAGS: Real estate,Home prices,Homelessness,Manhattan,Albany NY,Washington DC,Boston ME,Little Rock AR,Concord NH,Trenton NJ,Lansing MI,Harrisburg,PA,Trenton NJ,Detroit

posted by Earle Gray on January, 26 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4570519-democratic-dilemma-canadian-nuggets Tue, 23 Jul 2013 07:27:32 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4570519-democratic-dilemma-canadian-nuggets
In Canada, settlers showed their democratic liberation by refusing to doff their hats to their supposed superiors, as was the custom in Britain. For colonial administrators, however, for their Canadian supporters such as the Family Compact in Upper Canada. and for official newspapers, democracy was an American practice that could lead only to mob rule, degradation of social standards, and collapse of civil society.

Nor was it just the British who feared that democracy would end in ruin. John Quincy Adams, the second U.S. president, warned in 1814 that, “Democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There never was a democracy that did not commit suicide.�

In lieu of democracy, colonial authorities preached the protection of British constitutional liberty and the beneficence of aristocracy. Even Canada’s first prime minister, John A. Macdonald, promised that Confederation and parliamentary government would provide Canadians with “constitutional liberty as opposed to democracy.�

The theory of aristocracy embraced by the Family Compact was that their supposed superior attributes endowed them with privileges, but also obligations to elevate society and promote the common welfare. Privilege invariably became exploitation and obligations became myth.

While the United States had greater democracy than the British colonies, there was less liberty, at least for minorities. The very fullness of U.S. democracy tended too often to allow the majority to steamroll over the rights of Blacks, Indians, Catholics and other minorities, who generally enjoyed fewer liberties and suffered greater discrimination than in Canada. It was the tyranny of the majority. The most dramatic confirmation of this was the underground railway that delivered runaway U.S. black slaves to liberty in Canada.

Typical of the views on democracy expressed by the newspapers of the colonial authorities in the 1820s are a pair of items from the Brockville Gazette, and the Upper Canada Gazette in York.

Democracy, warned the Brockville paper, December 26, 1828, rests “upon the whim and caprice of a vain and arrogant people [and] has a tendency to blunt, and ultimately do away with the finer feelings of humanity.� It claimed that in the United States “the ideas and sentiments peculiar to what are emphatically styled gentlemen in England, are almost unknown� and in lieu of them little is to be found except an all absorbing thirst of gain.� Americans were said to be “cajoled by the rich, who do in fact despise the poor more than any aristocracy.� Believing that they had no superiors, Americans were said to “feel no inclination to respect any station more exalted than that to which a notorious slave dealer is eligible.�

The Upper Canada Gazette, on July 7, 1825, boldly forecast the failure of republican government in the United States:
“Viewing all republics, ancient as well as modern, as so many imperfect systems of government, differing only in their respective degrees of imperfection, we consider the growth and extension of the Federal Government of the United States, as a subject of deepest interest—as an experiment on a large scale of a system which, it appears to us is contrary to the universal order of nature, from the Divinity, downwards, to the communities of the meanest insects; and so satisfied are we of the impossibility of any long duration of the present order of things in the United States—that we have no doubt there are many now living who will see an entire disruption of the North American Federal Government.�

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TAGS. Democracy, Aristocracy, Liberty, Freedom, Britain, Canada, United States, Family Company

posted by Earle Gray on March, 19 ]]> /author_blog_posts/4561726-disability Sun, 21 Jul 2013 21:33:45 -0700 /author_blog_posts/4561726-disability
Stephen Hawking (1942- ), British theoretical physicist and cosmologist. Hawking has motor neuron disease, which has progressively worsened to the point of almost total paralysis. He is best known for his popular science writing, notably his best-selling book, A History of Time. He holds the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, and numerous other awards, for his scientific accomplishments in the field of cosmology, including the role of black holes in the emission of radiation.

From an interview in Disabilities magazine, October 1993.

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TAGS: Stephen Hawking, Disability, Motor neuron disease, Science, Cosmology, Theoretical physics, Black holes, Presidential Medal of Freedom.

posted by Earle Gray on March, 07 ]]>