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螣 桅蟻蔚喂未蔚蟻委魏慰蟼 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蔚谓 蟿畏 桅喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 螖喂魏伪委慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 螤慰位喂蟿蔚委伪蟼: 螘谓伪委蟽喂渭慰蟼 蔚蟺委 违蠁畏纬蔚蟽委伪 螖喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎
螚 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 纬谓蠅蟻喂渭委伪 蟿慰蠉 螡委魏慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 (1883-1957) 渭蔚 蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰 蟿慰蠉 螕蔚蟻渭伪谓慰蠉 蠁喂位慰蟽蠈蠁慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟺慰喂畏蟿萎 桅蟻蔚喂未蔚蟻委魏慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚 (1844-1900) 苇纬喂谓蔚 蟽蟿慰 螤伪蟻委蟽喂, 蠈蟺慰蠀 蟿畏谓 1畏.10.1907 苇蠁胃伪蟽蔚 慰 24蠂蟻慰谓慰蟼 螝蟻畏蟿喂魏蠈蟼, 伪蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠉蠂慰蟼 未喂蟺位蠅渭伪蟿慰蠉蠂慰蟼 蟿萎蟼 螡慰渭喂魏萎蟼 危蠂慰位萎蟼 蟿慰蠉 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭委慰蠀 螒胃畏谓蠋谓 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 9.12.1906. 螘魏蔚委 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 蟿慰 蟺蟻蠋蟿慰 蟽蠂苇未喂慰 蟿畏蟼 蔚谓伪喂蟽委渭慰蠀 蔚蟺委 蠀蠁畏纬蔚蟽委伪 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎蟼 蟿慰蠀. 危蟿慰 螤伪蟻委蟽喂 尉伪谓伪纬蠉蟻喂蟽蔚 蟿慰 1909 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻苇渭蔚喂谓蔚 蟿慰谓 螜伪谓慰蠀维蟻喂慰 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 桅蔚尾蟻慰蠀维蟻喂慰, 慰蟺蠈蟿蔚 蟽蠀渭蟺位萎蟻蠅蟽蔚 蟿畏 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 蟿慰蠀. 韦慰谓 螒蟺蟻委位喂慰 蟿慰蠀 委未喂慰蠀 蠂蟻蠈谓慰蠀 蟿畏谓 蟿蠉蟺蠅蟽蔚 蟽蔚 尾喂尾位委慰 93 蟽蔚位委未蠅谓: 芦螘魏 蟿蠅谓 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿畏渭维蟿蠅谓 危蟿. 螠. 螒位蔚尉委慰蠀, 蔚谓 螚蟻伪魏位蔚委蠅 螝蟻萎蟿畏蟼, 1909禄 伪谓伪纬蟻维蠁蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 蔚尉蠋蠁蠀位位慰 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 魏伪喂 蠁蠅蟿慰伪谓伪蟺伪蟻维纬蔚蟿伪喂 渭伪味委 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 魏蠉蟻喂慰 蟿委蟿位慰 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 (蔚蟺伪谓)苇魏未慰蟽萎 渭伪蟼, 蟿慰谓 桅蔚尾蟻慰蠀维蟻喂慰 蟿慰蠀 1998, 蟽蔚 蔚蟺喂渭苇位蔚喂伪 蟿慰蠀 螘魏未蠈蟿畏 渭伪蟼 螖蟻慰蟼 螤伪蟿蟻蠈魏位慰蠀 危蟿伪蠉蟻慰蠀.
螒蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 苇蟻蔚蠀谓伪 蟿慰蠀 螖蟻慰蟼 危蟿伪蠉蟻慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 螜蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠈 螒蟻蠂蔚委慰 蟿慰蠉 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭委慰蠀 螒胃畏谓蠋谓 纬喂伪 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 蟽蠂蔚蟿喂魏维 渭蔚 蟿畏 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蟿蠉蠂畏 蟿畏蟼, 未蔚谓 尾蟻苇胃畏魏蔚 蟿委蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 蟽蠂蔚蟿喂魏蠈. 螠蠈谓慰 蟽蟿慰 位萎渭渭伪 蟿慰蠉 螡. 螔. 韦蠅渭伪未维魏畏 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 螡喂魏蠈位伪慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 蟽蟿畏 螠蔚纬维位畏 螘位位畏谓喂魏萎 螘纬魏蠀魏位慰蟺伪喂未蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 芦螤蠀蟻蟽慰蠉禄 伪谓伪纬蟻维蠁蔚蟿伪喂: 芦螖喂蔚蟿苇位蔚蟽蔚 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蟼 蠀蟺维位位畏位慰蟼 魏伪喂 蠀蠁畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 谓慰渭喂魏萎蟼 蟽蠂慰位萎蟼禄. 螚 苇蟻蔚蠀谓伪 蟽蟿慰 螒蟻蠂蔚委慰 蟿慰蠀 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭委慰蠀 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂委蟽胃畏魏蔚. 螖蔚谓 蟺蟻慰苇魏蠀蠄蔚 魏维蟿喂 谓苇慰, 伪位位维 尾蟻苇胃畏魏蔚 蟿慰 未委蟺位蠅渭伪 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 蟿委蟿位慰 蟿慰蠀 未喂未维魏蟿慰蟻慰蟼 蟿畏蟼 螡慰渭喂魏萎蟼, 蟺慰蠀 蔚蟺萎蟻蔚 渭蔚 维蟻喂蟽蟿伪 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼, 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蟺伪蟻维纬蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 螕蝿 苇魏未慰蟽畏 (2006).
螚 芦纬谓蠅蟻喂渭委伪禄 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蠀蟺萎蟻尉蔚 慰蟻蠈蟽畏渭慰 纬喂伪 蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀. 螖蔚谓 蠀喂慰胃苇蟿畏蟽蔚 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿伪 蟿慰 蟽蠉蟽蟿畏渭伪 蟿蠅谓 喂未蔚蠋谓 魏伪喂 胃蔚蠅蟻喂蠋谓 蟿慰蠀, 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾伪委谓蔚喂 蟿畏 位慰纬喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蠁胃维谓蔚喂 蟽蔚 维魏蟻伪. 螁位位蠅蟽蟿蔚, 魏伪喂 尾喂慰位慰纬喂魏维 未慰魏喂渭维蟽胃畏魏蔚 蠁慰尾蔚蟻维 慰 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 魏伪喂 尾位苇蟺慰蠀渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 谓伪 蔚蠉蠂蔚蟿伪喂 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 维渭慰喂蟻慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 渭慰委蟻伪 蟿慰蠀 芦伪谓蟿委胃蔚慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蠁萎蟿畏禄. 螡喂蟿蟽蔚蠆魏苇蟼 喂未苇蔚蟼 蔚渭蠁伪谓委味慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蟿伪 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 (位.蠂. 蟽蟿畏谓 螒蟽魏畏蟿喂魏萎, 蟽蟿畏谓 螣未蠉蟽蔚喂伪), 魏伪喂 蟽蟿畏 渭蠀胃喂蟽蟿慰蟻畏渭伪蟿喂魏萎 伪蠀蟿慰尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 螒谓伪蠁慰蟻维 蟽蟿慰谓 螕魏蟻苇魏慰 蟿慰 螝螕蝿 螝蔚蠁维位伪喂慰 蔚蟺喂纬蟻维蠁蔚蟿伪喂 芦螤伪蟻委蟽喂 - 螡委蟿蟽蔚 慰 螠蔚纬伪位慰渭维蟻蟿蠀蟻伪蟼禄. 螠蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蟽蠀谓慰蠄喂蟽胃慰蠉谓 蟽蟿慰 蟺伪蟻维纬纬蔚位渭伪 蟿慰 维蟿慰渭慰 谓伪 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾蔚委 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 谓伪 蠁蟿维蟽蔚喂 蔚魏蔚委 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委.
螤慰位蠉 谓蔚伪蟻蠈蟼 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 渭喂伪 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 慰位魏萎蟼 纬喂伪 渭喂伪 蟿喂蟿伪谓喂魏萎 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬蠋谓蟿伪蟼 渭苇蟽伪 蟽蔚 蟺位伪委蟽喂伪 伪谓蟿喂魏蔚喂渭蔚谓喂魏维 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭慰谓喂魏维, 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏谓 伪谓维位蠀蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 喂未蔚蠋谓 蟿萎蟼 渭蔚纬维位畏蟼 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎蟼 蠁蠀蟽喂慰纬谓蠅渭委伪蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蠈蟽慰 魏伪喂 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏 胃蔚蠋蟻畏蟽萎 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺蟻委蟽渭伪 蟿蠅谓 未蔚未慰渭苇谓蠅谓 蟿萎蟼 蔚蟺慰蠂萎蟼 魏伪喂 未喂伪蠂蟻慰谓喂魏维. 螒魏蠈渭畏, 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 蟺慰位位维 苇蟻纬伪 蟺慰蠀 渭伪蟼 魏伪蟿苇位喂蟺蔚 慰 "尾伪胃蠉蟼 纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪蟻蠂伪委慰蠀 螘位位畏谓喂魏慰蠉 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭慰蠉" 桅蟻蔚喂未蔚蟻委魏慰蟼 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 慰 螡委魏慰蟼 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 渭蔚蟿苇蠁蟻伪蟽蔚 未蠉慰: "螚 螕苇谓谓畏蟽喂蟼 蟿畏蟼 韦蟻伪纬蠅未委伪蟼" 魏伪喂 "韦维未蔚 苇蠁畏 螙伪蟻伪蟿慰蠉蟽蟿蟻伪" (魏伪喂 蟿伪 未蠉慰 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 伪胃畏谓伪蠆魏蠈 螘魏未慰蟿喂魏蠈 螣委魏慰 螕蔚蠅蟻纬委慰蠀 螖. 桅苇尉畏, 1912 魏伪喂 1913 伪谓蟿喂蟽蟿慰委蠂蠅蟼).
螠蔚 渭蔚纬维位畏 蠂伪蟻维 蟽蠀谓蔚蟻纬伪蟽蟿萎魏伪渭蔚 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螣未蠀蟽蟽苇伪 螠伪魏蟻委未畏, 螝伪胃畏纬畏蟿萎 桅喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 魏伪喂 螒谓胃蟻蠅蟺喂蟽蟿喂魏蠋谓 螘蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭蠋谓 蟽蟿慰 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿萎渭喂慰 Fairleigh Dickinson, 蟽蟿畏 螡苇伪 违蔚蟻蟽苇畏 蟿蠅谓 螚.螤.螒., 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委, 纬喂伪 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 蠁慰蟻维, 蟽蟿畏谓 伪纬纬位喂魏萎 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪 畏 未喂未伪魏蟿慰蟻喂魏萎 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 蟿慰蠉 螡委魏慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 螒蟺慰未委未慰蠀渭蔚 蔚未蠋 蟽蟿伪 蔚位位畏谓喂魏维 渭蔚蟻喂魏苇蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 蟽畏渭蔚喂蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 慰蟺喂蟽胃蠈蠁蠀位位慰 伪蠀蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 蠅蟻伪委伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪尉喂苇蟺伪喂谓畏蟼 苇魏未慰蟽畏蟼 ("Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State", Nikos Kazantzakis. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Odysseus Makridis. State University of New York Press, U.S.A. 2006)
芦韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟺伪蟻慰蠀蟽喂维味蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 伪纬纬位喂魏萎 渭蔚蟿维蠁蟻伪蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委魏慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏, 蟿慰 1909, 蟺维谓蠅 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 谓慰渭喂魏萎 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚. 螤蟻慰蟿慰蠉 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 纬委谓蔚喂 苇谓伪蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺喂慰 未喂维蟽畏渭慰蠀蟼 蟽蠉纬蠂蟻慰谓慰蠀蟼 螆位位畏谓蔚蟼 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁蔚委蟼, 蠀蟺萎蟻尉蔚 渭伪谓喂蠋未畏蟼 渭蔚位蔚蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚. 韦慰谓 伪谓伪魏维位蠀蠄蔚 蔚谓蠋 苇魏伪谓蔚 谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蟽蟺慰蠀未苇蟼 蟽蟿慰 螤伪蟻委蟽喂, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 1907 苇蠅蟼 蟿慰 1909. 螒蠀蟿萎 畏 蟻蠅渭伪位苇伪 伪蟺慰蟿委渭畏蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蟻喂味慰蟽蟺伪蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻维味蔚蟿伪喂 蔚未蠋 伪蟺蠈 渭喂伪谓 伪蟺慰魏伪蟿蔚蟽蟿畏渭苇谓畏 魏伪喂 伪蠀胃蔚谓蟿喂魏萎 蟺蟻蠈蟽蠁伪蟿畏 苇魏未慰蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蟺蟻蠅蟿蠈蟿蠀蟺畏蟼. 螣喂 尾伪胃蔚喂苇蟼 蔚谓慰蟻维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿畏蟼 未蔚谓 蟺伪蟻蔚渭蟺慰未委味慰谓蟿伪喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿蟻蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺慰蠀 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻蔚蟼 纬蔚谓蔚苇蟼 胃伪蠀渭伪蟽蟿蠋谓 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂魏蟻喂蟿蠋谓 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 伪蟺苇胃蔚蟽伪谓 蟺维谓蠅 蟽蟿慰 伪蠀胃蔚谓蟿喂魏蠈 谓喂蟿蟽蔚蠆魏蠈 corpus. 韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠁苇蟻蔚喂, 蔚蟺委蟽畏蟼, 渭喂伪谓 伪蟺慰魏伪位蠀蟺蟿喂魏萎 渭伪蟿喂维 蟽蟿慰 蟽蟿维未喂慰 未喂维蟺位伪蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠉 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 围维蟻畏 蟽蟿喂蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺维胃蔚喂蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻伪蟽蟿萎, 畏 蟿慰位渭畏蟻萎, 蔚蠀纬谓蠋渭蠅谓 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺位苇慰谓 蟺蟻慰蟽喂蟿萎 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 伪纬纬位蠈蠁蠅谓慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼. 螘谓蠋 魏伪喂 维位位蔚蟼 渭慰蟻蠁苇蟼 蔚魏蔚委谓畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蠈未慰蠀 苇未蠅蟽伪谓 蟿喂蟼 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 未蔚谓 蟺位畏蟽喂维味蔚喂 蟿慰 伪谓维蟽蟿畏渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏 未喂维谓慰喂伪 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 伪谓慰委纬蔚喂 苇谓伪 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟺伪蟻维胃蠀蟻慰 蟽蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蟽魏萎谓喂慰 蟿畏蟼 螘蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏萎蟼 未喂伪谓蠈畏蟽畏蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蠂蠋谓 蟿慰蠉 蔚喂魏慰蟽蟿慰蠉 伪喂蠋谓伪.禄
(Daniel Conway, 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蟿慰蠉 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 "Nietzsche and the Political")
螒蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 苇蟻蔚蠀谓伪 蟿慰蠀 螖蟻慰蟼 危蟿伪蠉蟻慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 螜蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠈 螒蟻蠂蔚委慰 蟿慰蠉 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭委慰蠀 螒胃畏谓蠋谓 纬喂伪 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 蟽蠂蔚蟿喂魏维 渭蔚 蟿畏 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蟿蠉蠂畏 蟿畏蟼, 未蔚谓 尾蟻苇胃畏魏蔚 蟿委蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 蟽蠂蔚蟿喂魏蠈. 螠蠈谓慰 蟽蟿慰 位萎渭渭伪 蟿慰蠉 螡. 螔. 韦蠅渭伪未维魏畏 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 螡喂魏蠈位伪慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 蟽蟿畏 螠蔚纬维位畏 螘位位畏谓喂魏萎 螘纬魏蠀魏位慰蟺伪喂未蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 芦螤蠀蟻蟽慰蠉禄 伪谓伪纬蟻维蠁蔚蟿伪喂: 芦螖喂蔚蟿苇位蔚蟽蔚 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蟼 蠀蟺维位位畏位慰蟼 魏伪喂 蠀蠁畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 谓慰渭喂魏萎蟼 蟽蠂慰位萎蟼禄. 螚 苇蟻蔚蠀谓伪 蟽蟿慰 螒蟻蠂蔚委慰 蟿慰蠀 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭委慰蠀 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂委蟽胃畏魏蔚. 螖蔚谓 蟺蟻慰苇魏蠀蠄蔚 魏维蟿喂 谓苇慰, 伪位位维 尾蟻苇胃畏魏蔚 蟿慰 未委蟺位蠅渭伪 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 蟿委蟿位慰 蟿慰蠀 未喂未维魏蟿慰蟻慰蟼 蟿畏蟼 螡慰渭喂魏萎蟼, 蟺慰蠀 蔚蟺萎蟻蔚 渭蔚 维蟻喂蟽蟿伪 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼, 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蟺伪蟻维纬蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 螕蝿 苇魏未慰蟽畏 (2006).
螚 芦纬谓蠅蟻喂渭委伪禄 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蠀蟺萎蟻尉蔚 慰蟻蠈蟽畏渭慰 纬喂伪 蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀. 螖蔚谓 蠀喂慰胃苇蟿畏蟽蔚 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿伪 蟿慰 蟽蠉蟽蟿畏渭伪 蟿蠅谓 喂未蔚蠋谓 魏伪喂 胃蔚蠅蟻喂蠋谓 蟿慰蠀, 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾伪委谓蔚喂 蟿畏 位慰纬喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蠁胃维谓蔚喂 蟽蔚 维魏蟻伪. 螁位位蠅蟽蟿蔚, 魏伪喂 尾喂慰位慰纬喂魏维 未慰魏喂渭维蟽胃畏魏蔚 蠁慰尾蔚蟻维 慰 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 魏伪喂 尾位苇蟺慰蠀渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 谓伪 蔚蠉蠂蔚蟿伪喂 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 维渭慰喂蟻慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 渭慰委蟻伪 蟿慰蠀 芦伪谓蟿委胃蔚慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蠁萎蟿畏禄. 螡喂蟿蟽蔚蠆魏苇蟼 喂未苇蔚蟼 蔚渭蠁伪谓委味慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蟿伪 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 (位.蠂. 蟽蟿畏谓 螒蟽魏畏蟿喂魏萎, 蟽蟿畏谓 螣未蠉蟽蔚喂伪), 魏伪喂 蟽蟿畏 渭蠀胃喂蟽蟿慰蟻畏渭伪蟿喂魏萎 伪蠀蟿慰尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 螒谓伪蠁慰蟻维 蟽蟿慰谓 螕魏蟻苇魏慰 蟿慰 螝螕蝿 螝蔚蠁维位伪喂慰 蔚蟺喂纬蟻维蠁蔚蟿伪喂 芦螤伪蟻委蟽喂 - 螡委蟿蟽蔚 慰 螠蔚纬伪位慰渭维蟻蟿蠀蟻伪蟼禄. 螠蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蟽蠀谓慰蠄喂蟽胃慰蠉谓 蟽蟿慰 蟺伪蟻维纬纬蔚位渭伪 蟿慰 维蟿慰渭慰 谓伪 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾蔚委 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 谓伪 蠁蟿维蟽蔚喂 蔚魏蔚委 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委.
螤慰位蠉 谓蔚伪蟻蠈蟼 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 渭喂伪 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 慰位魏萎蟼 纬喂伪 渭喂伪 蟿喂蟿伪谓喂魏萎 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬蠋谓蟿伪蟼 渭苇蟽伪 蟽蔚 蟺位伪委蟽喂伪 伪谓蟿喂魏蔚喂渭蔚谓喂魏维 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭慰谓喂魏维, 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏谓 伪谓维位蠀蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 喂未蔚蠋谓 蟿萎蟼 渭蔚纬维位畏蟼 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎蟼 蠁蠀蟽喂慰纬谓蠅渭委伪蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蠈蟽慰 魏伪喂 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏 胃蔚蠋蟻畏蟽萎 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺蟻委蟽渭伪 蟿蠅谓 未蔚未慰渭苇谓蠅谓 蟿萎蟼 蔚蟺慰蠂萎蟼 魏伪喂 未喂伪蠂蟻慰谓喂魏维. 螒魏蠈渭畏, 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 蟺慰位位维 苇蟻纬伪 蟺慰蠀 渭伪蟼 魏伪蟿苇位喂蟺蔚 慰 "尾伪胃蠉蟼 纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪蟻蠂伪委慰蠀 螘位位畏谓喂魏慰蠉 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭慰蠉" 桅蟻蔚喂未蔚蟻委魏慰蟼 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 慰 螡委魏慰蟼 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 渭蔚蟿苇蠁蟻伪蟽蔚 未蠉慰: "螚 螕苇谓谓畏蟽喂蟼 蟿畏蟼 韦蟻伪纬蠅未委伪蟼" 魏伪喂 "韦维未蔚 苇蠁畏 螙伪蟻伪蟿慰蠉蟽蟿蟻伪" (魏伪喂 蟿伪 未蠉慰 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 伪胃畏谓伪蠆魏蠈 螘魏未慰蟿喂魏蠈 螣委魏慰 螕蔚蠅蟻纬委慰蠀 螖. 桅苇尉畏, 1912 魏伪喂 1913 伪谓蟿喂蟽蟿慰委蠂蠅蟼).
螠蔚 渭蔚纬维位畏 蠂伪蟻维 蟽蠀谓蔚蟻纬伪蟽蟿萎魏伪渭蔚 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 螣未蠀蟽蟽苇伪 螠伪魏蟻委未畏, 螝伪胃畏纬畏蟿萎 桅喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 魏伪喂 螒谓胃蟻蠅蟺喂蟽蟿喂魏蠋谓 螘蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭蠋谓 蟽蟿慰 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿萎渭喂慰 Fairleigh Dickinson, 蟽蟿畏 螡苇伪 违蔚蟻蟽苇畏 蟿蠅谓 螚.螤.螒., 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委, 纬喂伪 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 蠁慰蟻维, 蟽蟿畏谓 伪纬纬位喂魏萎 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪 畏 未喂未伪魏蟿慰蟻喂魏萎 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 蟿慰蠉 螡委魏慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 螒蟺慰未委未慰蠀渭蔚 蔚未蠋 蟽蟿伪 蔚位位畏谓喂魏维 渭蔚蟻喂魏苇蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 蟽畏渭蔚喂蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 慰蟺喂蟽胃蠈蠁蠀位位慰 伪蠀蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 蠅蟻伪委伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪尉喂苇蟺伪喂谓畏蟼 苇魏未慰蟽畏蟼 ("Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State", Nikos Kazantzakis. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Odysseus Makridis. State University of New York Press, U.S.A. 2006)
芦韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟺伪蟻慰蠀蟽喂维味蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 伪纬纬位喂魏萎 渭蔚蟿维蠁蟻伪蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委魏慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏, 蟿慰 1909, 蟺维谓蠅 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 谓慰渭喂魏萎 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚. 螤蟻慰蟿慰蠉 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼 纬委谓蔚喂 苇谓伪蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺喂慰 未喂维蟽畏渭慰蠀蟼 蟽蠉纬蠂蟻慰谓慰蠀蟼 螆位位畏谓蔚蟼 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁蔚委蟼, 蠀蟺萎蟻尉蔚 渭伪谓喂蠋未畏蟼 渭蔚位蔚蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚. 韦慰谓 伪谓伪魏维位蠀蠄蔚 蔚谓蠋 苇魏伪谓蔚 谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蟽蟺慰蠀未苇蟼 蟽蟿慰 螤伪蟻委蟽喂, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 1907 苇蠅蟼 蟿慰 1909. 螒蠀蟿萎 畏 蟻蠅渭伪位苇伪 伪蟺慰蟿委渭畏蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蟻喂味慰蟽蟺伪蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻维味蔚蟿伪喂 蔚未蠋 伪蟺蠈 渭喂伪谓 伪蟺慰魏伪蟿蔚蟽蟿畏渭苇谓畏 魏伪喂 伪蠀胃蔚谓蟿喂魏萎 蟺蟻蠈蟽蠁伪蟿畏 苇魏未慰蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蟺蟻蠅蟿蠈蟿蠀蟺畏蟼. 螣喂 尾伪胃蔚喂苇蟼 蔚谓慰蟻维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿畏蟼 未蔚谓 蟺伪蟻蔚渭蟺慰未委味慰谓蟿伪喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿蟻蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺慰蠀 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻蔚蟼 纬蔚谓蔚苇蟼 胃伪蠀渭伪蟽蟿蠋谓 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂魏蟻喂蟿蠋谓 蟿慰蠉 螡委蟿蟽蔚 伪蟺苇胃蔚蟽伪谓 蟺维谓蠅 蟽蟿慰 伪蠀胃蔚谓蟿喂魏蠈 谓喂蟿蟽蔚蠆魏蠈 corpus. 韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠁苇蟻蔚喂, 蔚蟺委蟽畏蟼, 渭喂伪谓 伪蟺慰魏伪位蠀蟺蟿喂魏萎 渭伪蟿喂维 蟽蟿慰 蟽蟿维未喂慰 未喂维蟺位伪蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼 蟿慰蠉 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 围维蟻畏 蟽蟿喂蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺维胃蔚喂蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 渭蔚蟿伪蠁蟻伪蟽蟿萎, 畏 蟿慰位渭畏蟻萎, 蔚蠀纬谓蠋渭蠅谓 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺位苇慰谓 蟺蟻慰蟽喂蟿萎 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 伪纬纬位蠈蠁蠅谓慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼. 螘谓蠋 魏伪喂 维位位蔚蟼 渭慰蟻蠁苇蟼 蔚魏蔚委谓畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蠈未慰蠀 苇未蠅蟽伪谓 蟿喂蟼 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 螡委蟿蟽蔚, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 未蔚谓 蟺位畏蟽喂维味蔚喂 蟿慰 伪谓维蟽蟿畏渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏 未喂维谓慰喂伪 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 伪谓慰委纬蔚喂 苇谓伪 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟺伪蟻维胃蠀蟻慰 蟽蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蟽魏萎谓喂慰 蟿畏蟼 螘蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏萎蟼 未喂伪谓蠈畏蟽畏蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蠂蠋谓 蟿慰蠉 蔚喂魏慰蟽蟿慰蠉 伪喂蠋谓伪.禄
(Daniel Conway, 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蟿慰蠉 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 "Nietzsche and the Political")
- GenresPhilosophy
128 pages, Paperback
First published April 1, 1909
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About the author
Nikos Kazantzakis
187听books4,096听followers(Greek: 螡委魏慰蟼 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼)
Nikos Kazantzakis was a Greek writer, journalist, politician, poet and philosopher. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years, and remains the most translated Greek author worldwide.
Nikos Kazantzakis was a Greek writer, journalist, politician, poet and philosopher. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years, and remains the most translated Greek author worldwide.
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July 31, 2023
賳丨賳 丕賲丕賲 鬲乇噩賲丞 賱兀胤乇賵丨丞 賯丿賾賲賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷 丕賱卮賴賷乇 賳賷賰賵爻 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻 賮賷 卮亘丕亘賴 毓賳 賮賱爻賮丞 丕賱丨賯 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 賱丿賶 丕賱賮賷賱爻賵賮 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷 丕賱賲孬賷乇 賱賱噩丿賱 賮乇丿賷乇賷賰 賳賷鬲卮丞. 賵賯丿 賯丕賲鬲 丿丕乇 丕賱丨賵丕乇貙 賲卮賰賵乇丞賸貙 亘鬲乇噩賲丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 丕賱廿賳賰賱賷夭賷丞 鬲乇噩賲丞賸 乇賮賷毓丞 賵賲賲賷夭丞 賱爻賱丕賲 禺賷乇 亘賰. 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 丿乇丕爻丞 賲毓賲賾賯丞 賱賮賱爻賮丞 賳賷鬲卮丞 賵賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱賵囟毓賴丕 囟賲賳 爻賷丕賯賴丕 亘毓賷丿賸丕 毓賳 亘賴乇噩丞 丕賱賲乇賷丿賷賳 賵爻禺胤 丕賱賲賳鬲賯丿賷賳貙 賵賯丿 兀噩丕丿 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻 亘兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賲賵囟賵毓賷賸丕 (丕賱賶 丿賮丕毓賷賸丕 賮賷 丕丨賷丕賳) 賮賷 賯乇丕卅鬲賴 丕賱賲賳賴噩賷丞 賱賳賷鬲卮丞.
鬲賯賵賲 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 毓賱賶 鬲賮丨賾氐 夭賲丕賳 賳賷鬲卮丞 賵亘賷卅鬲賴 丕賱丨丕囟賳丞 孬賲 卮禺氐賷鬲賴 賵亘賲丕 賵賲賳 鬲兀孬賾乇 (卮賵亘賳賴丕賵乇貙 賮丕噩賳乇貙 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷賵賳 丕賱賯丿丕賲賶貙 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞) 孬賲 賳賯囟賴 賱賲賳 鬲兀孬賾乇 亘賴賲 賵亘丿亍 鬲賰賵賷賳 禺胤 賮賰乇賷 賲爻鬲賯賱 賲丨胤賲賸丕 賱噩丿丕賵賱 丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳鬲噩鬲 賯亘賱賴 (禺氐賵氐賸丕 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞) 賵亘賳丕亍 賳馗丕賲 賯賷賲 噩丿賷丿 賵賲爻鬲賯賱 賷爻丕毓丿 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賮賷 鬲禺胤賷 丕賳丨胤丕胤賴丕 亘毓丿 爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賲賳馗賵賲丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞. 賮賷賳爻賮 賰賱 賲丕 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 賲賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲丕鬲 (丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賱賶 氐毓賷丿 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 丨賰賲 丕賱兀睾賱亘賷丞 丕賵 賲丕 賷爻賲賷賴賲 丕賱乇毓丕毓) 賵賷賳丕丿賷 亘賮賱爻賮丞 "廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱賯賵丞" 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱賵氐賵賱 丕賱賶 賲乇丨賱丞 "丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱賲鬲賮賵賯". 賴匕丕 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 爻賷賰賵賳 賲賳 胤亘賯丞 "丕賱兀爻賷丕丿" 丨賷孬 賷賮氐賱 賳賷鬲卮丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賶 胤亘賯鬲賷 "兀爻賷丕丿" 賵 "毓亘賷丿" 賵賷亘賯賷 賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱毓亘賷丿 丕賵 丕賱乇毓丕毓 丕賵 丕賱兀睾賱亘賷丞 丕賵賴丕賲賴丕 丕賱賲賷鬲丕賮賷夭賯賷丞 賵賲賳馗賵賲丞 賯賷賲賴丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞. 胤亘毓賸丕 胤亘賯丞 丕賱兀爻賷丕丿 賱賷爻鬲 丨爻亘 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱賲鬲丿丕賵賱 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 賵賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賳毓胤賷 丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱匕賷 丕毓胤丕賴 賳賷鬲卮丞 賳賮爻賴 (賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 賱賰賳 賷兀賲乇賴賲 噩賳乇丕賱 賵丕丨丿).
賷亘賷賾賳 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻 亘毓丿 賳賷鬲卮丞 毓賳 丕賱毓丿賲賷丞 賵丕賱賮賵囟賵賷丞 賵賷乇丿賾 毓賱賶 賲賳 丕賳鬲賯丿賵賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲賵丕囟毓 賵賷卮乇丨 丌乇丕亍賴 賵鬲毓賱賷賱丕鬲賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿丞 丨賵賱 賲賮丕賴賷賲 賰孬賷乇丞 賰丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賵丕賱毓丿賱 賵丕賱賲乇兀丞 賵丕賱乇噩賱 賵丕賱夭賵丕噩 賵丕賱丨賯 賵丕賱禺賷乇 賵丕賱卮乇 賵賲丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 丕賱賰孬賷乇. 賵賯丿 賰丕賳 胤乇丨 賴匕賴 丕賱丌乇丕亍 爻賱爻賸丕 噩丿賸丕 賵丿賵賳 鬲毓孬賷丿丕鬲 賵賮夭賱賰丕鬲 鬲亘賯賷 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 囟賲賳 胤亘賯丞 禺丕氐丞 賲鬲禺氐氐丞.
賰鬲丕亘 賯賷賾賲 噩丿賸丕貙 賷毓胤賷 賮賰乇丞 毓丕賲丞 毓賳 賮賱爻賮丞 賳賷鬲卮丞 亘丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 賵丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲 賵丕賱賯乇丕卅賳 賵賯丿 賷卮賰賾賱 賲丿禺賱賸丕 毓乇賷囟賸丕 賱賱鬲毓賲賯 亘賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賳賷鬲卮丞. 賰賲丕 丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷毓胤賷賳丕 賱賲丨丞 毓賳 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻-丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 賵丕賱匕賷 (乇睾賲 毓丿賲 匕賰乇賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱 睾乇賷睾賵) 賷亘丿賵 丕賳賴 丨賲賱 賳賷鬲卮丞 賲毓賴 胤賷賱丞 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵馗賴乇 賮賷 丨亘乇 賯賱賲賴 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷.
鬲賯賵賲 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 毓賱賶 鬲賮丨賾氐 夭賲丕賳 賳賷鬲卮丞 賵亘賷卅鬲賴 丕賱丨丕囟賳丞 孬賲 卮禺氐賷鬲賴 賵亘賲丕 賵賲賳 鬲兀孬賾乇 (卮賵亘賳賴丕賵乇貙 賮丕噩賳乇貙 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷賵賳 丕賱賯丿丕賲賶貙 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞) 孬賲 賳賯囟賴 賱賲賳 鬲兀孬賾乇 亘賴賲 賵亘丿亍 鬲賰賵賷賳 禺胤 賮賰乇賷 賲爻鬲賯賱 賲丨胤賲賸丕 賱噩丿丕賵賱 丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳鬲噩鬲 賯亘賱賴 (禺氐賵氐賸丕 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞) 賵亘賳丕亍 賳馗丕賲 賯賷賲 噩丿賷丿 賵賲爻鬲賯賱 賷爻丕毓丿 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賮賷 鬲禺胤賷 丕賳丨胤丕胤賴丕 亘毓丿 爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賲賳馗賵賲丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞. 賮賷賳爻賮 賰賱 賲丕 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 賲賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲丕鬲 (丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賱賶 氐毓賷丿 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 丨賰賲 丕賱兀睾賱亘賷丞 丕賵 賲丕 賷爻賲賷賴賲 丕賱乇毓丕毓) 賵賷賳丕丿賷 亘賮賱爻賮丞 "廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱賯賵丞" 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱賵氐賵賱 丕賱賶 賲乇丨賱丞 "丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱賲鬲賮賵賯". 賴匕丕 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 爻賷賰賵賳 賲賳 胤亘賯丞 "丕賱兀爻賷丕丿" 丨賷孬 賷賮氐賱 賳賷鬲卮丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賶 胤亘賯鬲賷 "兀爻賷丕丿" 賵 "毓亘賷丿" 賵賷亘賯賷 賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱毓亘賷丿 丕賵 丕賱乇毓丕毓 丕賵 丕賱兀睾賱亘賷丞 丕賵賴丕賲賴丕 丕賱賲賷鬲丕賮賷夭賯賷丞 賵賲賳馗賵賲丞 賯賷賲賴丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞. 胤亘毓賸丕 胤亘賯丞 丕賱兀爻賷丕丿 賱賷爻鬲 丨爻亘 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱賲鬲丿丕賵賱 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 賵賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賳毓胤賷 丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱匕賷 丕毓胤丕賴 賳賷鬲卮丞 賳賮爻賴 (賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 賱賰賳 賷兀賲乇賴賲 噩賳乇丕賱 賵丕丨丿).
賷亘賷賾賳 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻 亘毓丿 賳賷鬲卮丞 毓賳 丕賱毓丿賲賷丞 賵丕賱賮賵囟賵賷丞 賵賷乇丿賾 毓賱賶 賲賳 丕賳鬲賯丿賵賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲賵丕囟毓 賵賷卮乇丨 丌乇丕亍賴 賵鬲毓賱賷賱丕鬲賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿丞 丨賵賱 賲賮丕賴賷賲 賰孬賷乇丞 賰丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賵丕賱毓丿賱 賵丕賱賲乇兀丞 賵丕賱乇噩賱 賵丕賱夭賵丕噩 賵丕賱丨賯 賵丕賱禺賷乇 賵丕賱卮乇 賵賲丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 丕賱賰孬賷乇. 賵賯丿 賰丕賳 胤乇丨 賴匕賴 丕賱丌乇丕亍 爻賱爻賸丕 噩丿賸丕 賵丿賵賳 鬲毓孬賷丿丕鬲 賵賮夭賱賰丕鬲 鬲亘賯賷 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 囟賲賳 胤亘賯丞 禺丕氐丞 賲鬲禺氐氐丞.
賰鬲丕亘 賯賷賾賲 噩丿賸丕貙 賷毓胤賷 賮賰乇丞 毓丕賲丞 毓賳 賮賱爻賮丞 賳賷鬲卮丞 亘丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 賵丕賱賲賯丕乇亘丕鬲 賵丕賱賯乇丕卅賳 賵賯丿 賷卮賰賾賱 賲丿禺賱賸丕 毓乇賷囟賸丕 賱賱鬲毓賲賯 亘賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賳賷鬲卮丞. 賰賲丕 丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷毓胤賷賳丕 賱賲丨丞 毓賳 賰丕夭丕賳鬲夭丕賰賷爻-丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 賵丕賱匕賷 (乇睾賲 毓丿賲 匕賰乇賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱 睾乇賷睾賵) 賷亘丿賵 丕賳賴 丨賲賱 賳賷鬲卮丞 賲毓賴 胤賷賱丞 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵馗賴乇 賮賷 丨亘乇 賯賱賲賴 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷.
賮賷 賰賱 丕賳爻丕賳 禺丕賱賯 賵賲禺賱賵賯. 賴賳丕賰 卮賷亍 賲丕 賴賵 賲丕丿丞貙 賲丨丿賵丿賷丞貙 賮賷囟貙 胤賷賳貙 賵丨賱 賵爻禺賮 賵賮賵囟賶. 賵賴賳丕賰 禺丕賱賯貙 賳丨賾丕鬲貙 氐賱丕亘丞 丕賱賲胤乇賯丞貙 毓賷賳 丕賱賮賳丕賳貙 賮乇丨 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱爻丕亘毓
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January 10, 2023螤蟻蠈蟿味蔚魏蟿 螡委魏慰蟼 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼
1) 螌蠁喂蟼 魏伪喂 魏蟻委谓慰 (1906)
2) 危蟺伪蟽渭苇谓蔚蟼 唯蠀蠂苇蟼 (1908)
3) 螣 桅蟻蔚喂未蔚蟻委魏慰蟼 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蔚谓 蟿畏 桅喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 螖喂魏伪委慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 螤慰位喂蟿蔚委伪蟼 (1909)
螠蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 苇蟺伪胃伪 蠈蟿喂 苇蟺伪胃伪谓 魏喂 慰喂 螒蟺伪蟻维未蔚魏蟿慰喂 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蔚蟺委蟽魏蔚蠄畏 蟿慰蠀 螝蠅谓蟽蟿伪谓蟿苇谓 蟿慰蠀 未喂伪谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰蠀 纬魏伪位蔚蟻委蟽蟿伪:
-危蠀纬纬谓蠋渭畏, 蟿喂喂喂 蟽蟿蟻伪蟺伪蟿蟽委蟻蔚谓;
-螡蟿喂 纬魏蔚蟽蟿维位谓蟿.
-螒 谓伪喂 蔚谓蟿维尉蔚喂, 魏伪蟿维位伪尾伪.
螖畏位伪未萎 未蔚谓 蔚委渭伪喂 蟺蟻慰蠂蠅蟻畏渭苇谓慰蟼 谓慰蠀蟼 谓伪 蟺喂维蟽蠅 蟿慰 苇尾未慰渭慰 纬魏蔚蟽蟿维位谓蟿 蟽蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 尾蟻委蟽魏蔚蟿伪喂 蟿慰 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰 尾喂尾位委慰.
螆谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿喂魏维 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 蟿慰蠀 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 螡委蟿蟽蔚 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 未喂魏伪委慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿蔚委伪蟼.
螠委伪 未喂伪蟿蟻喂尾萎 蟺慰蠀 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 慰蠉蟿蠅蟼 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 纬委谓蔚喂 魏伪胃畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 螡慰渭喂魏萎蟼 危蠂慰位萎蟼.
螘魏蟿蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 蠈蟿喂 未蔚谓 蟺慰位蠀蟽魏伪渭蟺维味蠅 伪蟺蠈 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪, 蟿慰 蠈蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 纬蟻伪渭渭苇谓畏 魏伪喂 蟽蔚 魏伪胃伪蟻蔚蠉慰蠀蟽伪 未蠀蟽魏蠈位蔚蠄蔚 蟿伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪.
韦蠋蟻伪 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 胃伪 渭慰蠀 蟺蔚喂 纬喂伪蟿委 谓伪 未喂伪尾维蟽蠅 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰;
螔伪蟽喂魏维 蠈蟺蠅蟼 尉苇蟻蔚蟿蔚, 蟿慰谓 螠维畏 渭慰蠀 蔚渭蠁伪谓委蟽蟿畏魏蔚 畏 渭蔚纬维位畏 蔚蠀魏伪喂蟻委伪 蠈蟿伪谓 畏 魏蠀蟺蟻喂伪魏萎 蔚蠁畏渭蔚蟻委未伪 螤慰位委蟿畏蟼 苇尾纬伪味蔚 蟽蔚 蟿喂渭萎 蔚蠀魏伪喂蟻委伪蟼 蠈,蟿喂 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 慰 螝伪味伪谓蟿味维魏畏蟼.
螝伪喂 蠁蠀蟽喂魏维 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻喂位伪渭尾伪谓慰渭苇谓慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰蠀.
韦慰 魏伪位蠈 蔚委谓伪喂 蠈蟿喂 萎蟿伪谓 渭喂魏蟻蠈 (117 蟽蔚位委未蔚蟼) 魏伪喂 渭蔚 尾慰萎胃畏蟽蔚 谓伪 慰位慰魏位畏蟻蠋蟽蠅 蟿慰 challenge 渭慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 欧宝娱乐.
围伪委蟻慰渭伪喂 蟺慰蠀 蟿慰 未喂维尾伪蟽伪 魏伪喂 尉蔚渭蟺苇蟻未蔚蠄伪 纬蟻萎纬慰蟻伪 渭' 伪蠀蟿蠈, 伪位位维 尉苇蟻蠅 蠈蟿喂 未蔚谓 萎蟿伪谓 渭喂伪 蔚谓蟿蔚位蠋蟼 蠂伪渭苇谓畏 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏, 未喂蠈蟿喂 渭慰蠀 魏委谓畏蟽蔚 蟿畏谓 蟺蔚蟻喂苇蟻纬蔚喂伪 谓伪 伪谓伪味畏蟿萎蟽蠅 魏伪喂 蟿伪 纬蟻伪蟺蟿维 蟿慰蠀 螡委蟿蟽蔚 蟽蟿慰 渭苇位位慰谓.
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January 14, 2019I haven't provided a rating because this is a difficult work to rate.
Kazantzakis is an exceptionally good reader of Nietzsche...for 1909. Nietzsche scholarship before the war (and much of it after the war) is notoriously bad, and Kazantzakis mostly avoids significant errors. But that was 110 years ago, and in the intervening time there has been a lot of good work on Nietzsche. Therefore I can't recommend this if you want to learn about Nietzsche.
There remains a second possibility: reading this work because you want to learn about Kazantzakis. The problem with that is that there isn't much Kazantzakis in here. The focus is entirely on a straightforward exegesis of Nietzsche with almost no original elements. So ultimately there's nothing this thesis can provide you today.
Also, the introduction and annotations are really weak.
Kazantzakis is an exceptionally good reader of Nietzsche...for 1909. Nietzsche scholarship before the war (and much of it after the war) is notoriously bad, and Kazantzakis mostly avoids significant errors. But that was 110 years ago, and in the intervening time there has been a lot of good work on Nietzsche. Therefore I can't recommend this if you want to learn about Nietzsche.
There remains a second possibility: reading this work because you want to learn about Kazantzakis. The problem with that is that there isn't much Kazantzakis in here. The focus is entirely on a straightforward exegesis of Nietzsche with almost no original elements. So ultimately there's nothing this thesis can provide you today.
Also, the introduction and annotations are really weak.
December 26, 2023
A 1909 dissertation on Nietzsche鈥檚 political and legal philosophy? Yes, please! Add a dash of value formation and morality with consideration of natural laws? I鈥檒l take that too!
Removed by over a century from the modern age, Kazantzakis鈥檚 dissertation remains far closer to the dates of Nietzsche鈥檚 publication than our modern day, and as such, presents an interpretation of Nietzschean thought uncoloured by the manipulations of Hitler鈥檚 Socialist Nationalism and its jingoist propaganda. Instead, the reader is allowed to consider the merits of Nietzsche鈥檚 approach toward considering human morality and the place the State takes in the validation (or diminishment) thereof. Additionally, Kazantzakis examines both the Negative and Positive attributes of Nietzschean elements of an enriched life. A few key quotes from this dialectical essay include:
鈥溾€oday鈥檚 morality is overall unfair and deceptive, insofar as it is founded on the erroneous belief that it can judge acts according to their underlying convictions鈥攃onvictions that cannot be possibly known.鈥�
鈥淎 state鈥檚 sole aim is to reach its goal, which is essentially one and only one: to satisfy the fundamental instinct that propels every individual organic entity鈥攖he instinct to dominate. For the State, virtue, morality, and justice are nothing but means for their preservation and expansion. Such is the healthy, vibrant life of a State.鈥�
鈥淥nly when one identifies his self-being with the collective being, only when he dedicates and sacrifices his own life for a universal idea that elevates and ennobles the whole鈥攐nly then is he able to satisfy his own egoism fully and most intensely.鈥�
4 stars. Recommended for those interested in examining how Nietzsche proposes we might live, particularly in consideration of the 鈥渋nfallible鈥� laws of nature, and the values that arise from pursuing a noble life in alignment with same.
Removed by over a century from the modern age, Kazantzakis鈥檚 dissertation remains far closer to the dates of Nietzsche鈥檚 publication than our modern day, and as such, presents an interpretation of Nietzschean thought uncoloured by the manipulations of Hitler鈥檚 Socialist Nationalism and its jingoist propaganda. Instead, the reader is allowed to consider the merits of Nietzsche鈥檚 approach toward considering human morality and the place the State takes in the validation (or diminishment) thereof. Additionally, Kazantzakis examines both the Negative and Positive attributes of Nietzschean elements of an enriched life. A few key quotes from this dialectical essay include:
鈥溾€oday鈥檚 morality is overall unfair and deceptive, insofar as it is founded on the erroneous belief that it can judge acts according to their underlying convictions鈥攃onvictions that cannot be possibly known.鈥�
鈥淎 state鈥檚 sole aim is to reach its goal, which is essentially one and only one: to satisfy the fundamental instinct that propels every individual organic entity鈥攖he instinct to dominate. For the State, virtue, morality, and justice are nothing but means for their preservation and expansion. Such is the healthy, vibrant life of a State.鈥�
鈥淥nly when one identifies his self-being with the collective being, only when he dedicates and sacrifices his own life for a universal idea that elevates and ennobles the whole鈥攐nly then is he able to satisfy his own egoism fully and most intensely.鈥�
4 stars. Recommended for those interested in examining how Nietzsche proposes we might live, particularly in consideration of the 鈥渋nfallible鈥� laws of nature, and the values that arise from pursuing a noble life in alignment with same.
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