Paul Charles William Davies AM is a British-born physicist, writer and broadcaster, currently a professor at Arizona State University as well as the Director of BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science. He has held previous academic appointments at the University of Cambridge, University of London, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, University of Adelaide and Macquarie University. His research interests are in the fields of cosmology, quantum field theory, and astrobiology. He has proposed that a one-way trip to Mars could be a viable option.
In 2005, he took up the chair of the SETI: Post-Detection Science and Technology Taskgroup of the International Academy of Astronautics.
The first third was a rehash of knowledge i had, but well presented on history of scientific discoveries related to the atom and she universe. Made me appreciase more Isaac Isamov's fify year-old books on the subjeot. It was educational in that i learned they had bounced beams off Venus and Mercury, when properly aligned, to prove Eisinstein's bending of space theory, and that such a triangle's corners (lmE > V > M > E) would add up to more than 180掳. I was interested in the chapters around "Goldilocks" universe but the niscussion was too philosophical for my tastes. I did get something out of "designer universe" debate but got lost later on with other discussions such as mentioning teological arguments. I looked up "teological" > "relating to or involving the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise" "teleological narratives of progress" > i still don't know what that means. I only wanted to give it three stars for what i got out of the book but am bumping that up to four for making me aware of all the perspectives presently considered on untiverse origins and possible purpose. I think the author misses the boat by not giting an imperfect Creator perspective.
Great for those who like to explore the boundary between science and religion. Some of the concepts are mind-bending/ mind-altering. The reader should not worry about absorbing all of the science- just keep going and don鈥檛 get bogged down as it is a worthwhile and enjoyable read.
Nice introduction to some of the physics behind cosmology. I thought his explanations behind how a multiverse could exist were more reasonable than what I've heard so far. Unfortunately, Davies spends a lot of the second half of the book engaged in wild speculation, though he acknowledges it as such. Also, he is really reluctant to resort to a first-cause even preferring self-sustaining time-loop universe to this. It seems like this bias and the felt need to cover every possible scenario gave this book less focus on the solutions which are more reasonable in favor of a broad treatment of everything. The afterward does contain a nice list of cosmology options. Very easy to read. This was my first Davies book and I would read more.
Author and physicist Paul Davies takes on a subject likely to be met with hostility by many readers, and most especially by physicists and religious believers. His question is: why does the universe exist, and why is it hospitable to life, especially sentient life? These are questions on the boundary of science, and it may be that there is not, even in principle, scientific answers to these questions. A scientific theory must have 2 characteristics: explanatory power, and falsifiability. It seems likely that there is no observation or experiment that could be performed that could test any theory of why the universe exists. Almost by definition, the answer to that question would involve something that 'came before' or 'lies outside' the observable universe. I put quotes around those phrases because many physicists would argue that time and space themselves emerged as part of the big bang, so any reference to 'before' or 'outside' would be meaningless.
And of course many religious believers are likely to take offense at the very idea that science might provide answers to these questions. The history of science and of religious belief over the past few centuries has been one of science steadily chipping away, and sometimes gouging large holes out of, the realm of religious speculation and belief. In the United States there are an amazing number of people who are unable to accept the basic facts of biology, specifically evolution by variation and natural selection. There's just no arguing with those people - they have abandoned reason. But more 'reasonable' believers continue to take comfort in the idea that questions of the ultimate origins of the universe are outside the realm of science and are therefore, by a strange sort of logic that I do not understand, in the realm of theology. Unfortunately for this idea, the same objections and absurdities that plague any attempt at a scientific explanation of the 'why' of the universe apply with at least equal force to the theological explanations.
Davies proposes many theories, some of which involve a kind of causal loop between mind and cosmos. Others are somewhat more orthodox (if that word even has meaning here), such as quantum multiverse, infinite quantum multiverse, platonic necessity, and so on. At the end, though, Davies admits that on reviewing those theories they all strike him as ridiculous.
If all of the theories are ridiculous, we are back where we started, except that the mysteries seem, if anything, deeper and more perplexing than before.
Davies makes some interesting points about mathematical Platonism, and its cousin, the idea that physical laws have a kind of platonic reality. Most mathematicians are Platonists, in the sense that they believe that mathematical truth is 'out there' waiting to be discovered; that theorems are are discovered, not invented. The alternative to this view would be that theorems are invented. This alternative would seem to imply that the theorems of mathematics could in principle be invented differently; but it is impossible to conceive how this could be so. There is an inherent non-contingency in mathematics. Even the Godel incompleteness theorem does not disturb this: Godel only proved that axiomatic systems cannot be both complete and consistent; i.e. there are true mathematical theorems that cannot be proved within any particular consistent axiomatic system. Note that the 'truth' of the theorem (i.e. its existence in some platonic realm) is something that exists outside of the possibility of proof (where the proof is indeed something invented by human ingenuity).
Davies claims, plausibly, that most physicists are also Platonists with regard to physical laws, at least at some level. Even physicists who believe that the current values of physical constants 'precipitated out' of the big bang, believe that there are underlying laws, perhaps as yet undiscovered, that exist somehow outside of the physical universe, and that guide the evolution of the universe, and more significantly, that drove the creation of the universe. When you put it like that it all seems mind bogglingly mysterious, and fundamentally implausible.
You won't learn much physics from this book, and you won't come away with any answers to the questions Davies raises. But you will have a better understanding of just how implausible it is that we and the universe exist at all.
The first part of the book is good: it covers, for the uninitiated, quantum theories and the people who developed those theories. The second half of the book is speculation: the author attempts to explain the origin of the universe and how life seems to be a fundamental part of the universe (like quarks and photons) with ideas that are non-verifiable (and that could make for some interesting fiction), concluding with a some kind of god-like force.
Great writer. Not the best philosopher. Presupposes that methodological naturalism. Does not explore enough about the existence of information in the universe and its implications. However, I learned a lot about science.
"艩ance, 啪e v谩m padne panna tis铆ckr谩t za sebou, je t茅m臎艡 nekone膷n臎 mal谩 (okolo jedn茅 ku 10^301). Pokud nicm茅n臎 h谩z铆me 'vedle sebe' dostate膷n臎 mnoha mincemi, n臎kde k tomu dojde. Abychom si ud臎lali n臎jakou p艡edstavu o 膷铆slech, je啪 zde vystupuj铆, p艡edstavme si ka啪d媒 atom v pozorovateln茅m vesm铆ru jako minci, kterou jednou za sekundu hod铆me. Pravd臎podobnost, 啪e se za dobu trv谩n铆 vesm铆ru mezi na拧imi 10^80 atomy vyskytne posloupnost 1 000 panen, je st谩le men拧铆 ne啪 jedna ku 10^200. Nejdel拧铆 s茅rie panen, kterou m暖啪eme o膷ek谩vat, i kdybychom h谩zeli bilionkr谩t za sekundu, je okolo 360."
Sono fra quelli che prima di lasciare questo mondo vuole sapere quello che le ultime scoperte della scienza ci dicono su di esso. Questo libro raggiunge lo scopo anche se per comprenderlo completamente bisogna avere una preparazione scientifica universitaria. Ma anche se non riusciamo a capire la meccanica quantistica dobbiamo sapere quello che menti geniali ci dicono e prove sperimentali ci dimostrano. Davies ce lo spiega. Non accetta n茅 il mistero n茅 un Dio creatore e ci descrive le ipotesi scientifiche che potrebbero rispondere ai grandi interrogativi. Purtroppo sono solo ipotesi e me ne andr貌 senza avere una risposta.
I am glad I checked out this book when researching the anthropic principle as the book gives a very general view of cosmology with a huge payoff towards the end of several proposed explanations of the conditions of the universe for life and defends his own. In the afterword Davies even lists the 8 explanations by letters A to H.
A) Absurd universe (easy to hold, cop out, success of science is miraculous)
B) Unique universe (string M theory, grand unified explanation, no chance or undefined parameters, ultimately is unexplained) B1 this universe is necessary B2 could be others but it is this one.
C) Multiverse (Max Tegmark, require super turtle or every explanation, simulated universes predominate)
D) Intelligent design (god, gods, demiurges-no necessary likeness to natural world, itself is unexplained scientifically at least)
E) Life principle (the anthropic principle, strong and weak. But life itself depends on background conditions and parameters and may not be the end point like intelligence)
F) Self-explaining universe (John Wheeler鈥檚 participatory universe, it from bit-information creates things even nonlocally from the future)
G) Fake universe (The Matrix or majority of multiverse is simulations all the way down so we cannot reliably know reality, self-defeating which I don鈥檛 agree with, but only meaningful if we can know we are in a simulation as a consolation)
H) None of the above (some other explanation or combination of the previous?)
Davies was inspired by John Wheeler who either did not publish very much on his own participatory universe or it is not easily available. I agree with Davies that E and F would be the best scenarios but B would be desirable too since we would have a unified scientific explanation of everything even if not a metaphysical one since such a theory would enable asking and answering more questions than our current fragmentary theories. Davies describes superstring and m-theory as the leading candidates for a grand unified theory GUT which was some of the most interesting content but still leaves open questions about the free parameters or background conditions of the universe.
Davies鈥� self-explaining universe comes closest to pantheism or panpsychism or one of their varieties (panentheism, panprotopsychism), that the universe is its own reason for existing, as conscious intelligent life is identical or part of the purpose of being. Davies criticizes traditional theistic accounts of assuming a specific number or nature of gods which are themselves unexplained 鈥榮uperturtles鈥� similar to those of the naturalists which everything else rests on but is itself unexplained. Usually the designer is assumed to be of a separate transcendental nature to its creation which creates an ontological or at least epistemological gap that usually requires dualism. Otherwise one can accept Tegmark鈥檚 hyper realism in which every mathematically possible reality exists which like the multiverse is itself unexplained except as statistical inevitability, but most of these structures would not be physical or conscious and so causally inert.
Ultimately all explanations appeal to a trilemma of fluke (unexplained dogma), self-selection (infinite regress), and self-causation (circularity). The self-explaining or self-subsuming universe is a circular explanation but circularity is not paradoxical if internally consistent. Conditions for such a universe would be that the laws of the universe are synthetic, they change over time, and are finite rather than infinite. This kind of universe could develop in manner to produce intelligent life without miraculous assumptions and be computable which means universally understandable by intelligent beings, otherwise self-understanding would be impossible within the universe.
Appealing to computation however would bring in the multiverse and simulated-fake universes explanations. Per Nick Bostrom鈥檚 trilemma if superintelligence is possible it is more likely it has already been achieved and we are an ancestral simulation actually bolstered by anthropic and participatory principles: a retroactive creation akin to theism although maybe bearing a direct relation to its creator, or if unintentional all the way back to the absurd universe, or if truly deterministic the unique-unexplained universe. The possibilities are just about endless for a none of the above.
This is a very solid review of the different ideas that have been put forward as to how the universe became so well suited for life. Davies's goal is a model in which life is central to the existence of the universe, not just something extra that happened to appear.
For me the best part was learning about all of the multiple-universe theories that have popped up, and he gives them a fair shot. There's some study of creationism, and some string theory.
In the end he proposes something bold: That the existence of life, and especially of "observers" (basically scientists) is woven into the fabric of creation from the beginning, and even that observers now might be affecting the past.
Unfortunately he doesn't have much to back this assertion up, he's more just throwing it out there, but that's how some of the biggest scientific breakthroughs have come.
This book starts out as a typical sort of physics review; it's engaging enough, but nothing too special. Stick with it though, because the strange philosophical ideas really kick in after about the 100th page. Davies lists various possibilities for where our universe began and how it might fit into a larger scheme, each one more fantastical to common understanding and thought than the last. These ideas aren't really, strictly, scientific, although reason is an important part of the thinking in this book. At least for me, I have little place within my life to place these ideas, other than as cool mind games. Great book for people who like to think on a grand scale.
This asks several of the big questions such as why the universe is hospitable to life.
Of course that is a bit of a misnomer, a more accurate way to put it is that, although the universe is almost entirely hostile to life, the laws of physics are very finely tuned to allow life to develop in those places where conditions are just right.
On the heels of this, they just discovered terrestrial organisms that use arsenic in their DNA. Perhaps it is surprising that the laws of physics are very finely tuned to allow the type of life we know to develop, but that there are many unknown ways that life can exist of which we are not aware.
Very very interesting stuff. The first half of the book is sometimes hard going as it involves discussions on string theory, super symmetry and other such difficult to digest science. Luckily it is not essential you understand it 100% before getting to the good stuff in the second half of the book which is basically a discussion of the latest arguments for and against the various forms of anthropic principle, and why the universe is built in such a way that life can exist. Some of the ideas are freakin mind boggling to say the least. Well worth a read.
A really good book by physicist Paul Davies. Davies explores why our universe is just right for life and the evidence seems compelling. As a Christian, the fine tuning of the laws of nature and the free parameters look to me like strong evidence for God. While Davies seems to remain agnostic in this book and devotes lots of pages to alternative explanations within physics, astronomy, and cosmology, I think both religious and non-religious people will enjoy the book and have to ponder why things are just right.
If you are like me and read books about quantum mechanics for fun, this is a good book to read. While the book is supposed to be non-technical, you may need to pop back to a reference book once in a while. And do make certain to look at the end notes as you come up upon them, they can at times clarify items.
If you want to read a few hundred pages about the future of the universe, this is it. Readable, though you need some background in physics to smoothly follow some of the concepts. It tackles the big questions of everything, while at the same time saying that we will never be around to witness it. Stimulating food for deep thought...
A very good book to read. although I am not a specialist I was able to understand almost everything in it. However, it's shocking to see such disconcertion in scientists society.. tons of questions without answers. It looks like science is perfect in daily life and helpless when facing the big questions about existence -at least hitherto-.
The first three quarters of the book is largely dedicated to a review of theoretical cosmology as it stands today. If for nothing else I can recommend it on this basis. He gets to the meat of his theory in the last couple of chapters, which seemed a bit of a short treatment.