欧宝娱乐

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啸胁芯褉芯斜邪 褟泻 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪. 小袧袉袛 褌邪 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈

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袣芯谢懈 小褜褞蟹械薪 袟芯薪褌邪谐 锌芯褋褌邪胁懈谢懈 写褨邪谐薪芯蟹 褉邪泻 屑芯谢芯褔薪芯褩 蟹邪谢芯蟹懈, 胁芯薪邪 胁懈褟胁懈谢邪 屑械卸褨, 写芯 褟泻懈褏 褍 斜芯褉芯褌褜斜褨 蟹 褑褨褦褞 褏胁芯褉芯斜芯褞 屑懈 褉芯蟹胁懈薪褍谢懈 屑褨褎芯谢芯谐褨褞, 褖芯 褔邪褋褌芯 褋锌芯褌胁芯褉褞褦 锌褉邪胁写褍 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜褍 泄 褨蟹芯谢褞褦 锌邪褑褨褦薪褌邪. 校 "啸胁芯褉芯斜褨 褟泻 屑械褌邪褎芯褉褨" 胁芯薪邪 褉芯蟹胁褨薪褔褍褦 屑褨褎懈 泄 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌褜 锌褉芯 褋锌褉邪胁卸薪褨泄 褋械薪褋 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈, 褟泻邪 胁锌褉芯写芯胁卸 褋褌芯谢褨褌褜 胁锌谢懈胁邪谢邪 薪邪 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉褍 谢褞写褋褌胁邪. 校 "小袧袉袛袉 褌邪 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪褏" 褉芯蟹谐谢褟写邪褞褌褜褋褟 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈, 锌芯胁"褟蟹邪薪褨 蟹褨 小袧袉袛芯屑, 褨 锌芯泻邪蟹邪薪芯 锌褉邪胁写褍, 胁褨谢褜薪褍 胁褨写 胁懈薪懈, 褋芯褉芯屑褍 褨 褋褌褉邪褏褍.

162 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1989

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About the author

Susan Sontag

205books5,049followers
Susan Sontag was born in New York City on January 16, 1933, grew up in Tucson, Arizona, and attended high school in Los Angeles. She received her B.A. from the College of the University of Chicago and did graduate work in philosophy, literature, and theology at Harvard University and Saint Anne鈥檚 College, Oxford.

Her books include four novels, The Benefactor, Death Kit, The Volcano Lover, and In America; a collection of short stories, I, etcetera; several plays, including Alice in Bed and Lady from the Sea; and nine works of nonfiction, starting with Against Interpretation and including On Photography, Illness as Metaphor, Where the Stress Falls, Regarding the Pain of Others, and At the Same Time. In 1982, Farrar, Straus & Giroux published A Susan Sontag Reader.

Ms. Sontag wrote and directed four feature-length films: Duet for Cannibals (1969) and Brother Carl (1971), both in Sweden; Promised Lands (1974), made in Israel during the war of October 1973; and Unguided Tour (1983), from her short story of the same name, made in Italy. Her play Alice in Bed has had productions in the United States, Mexico, Germany, and Holland. Another play, Lady from the Sea, has been produced in Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Korea.

Ms. Sontag also directed plays in the United States and Europe, including a staging of Beckett's Waiting for Godot in the summer of 1993 in besieged Sarajevo, where she spent much of the time between early 1993 and 1996 and was made an honorary citizen of the city.

A human rights activist for more than two decades, Ms. Sontag served from 1987 to 1989 as president of the American Center of PEN, the international writers鈥� organization dedicated to freedom of expression and the advancement of literature, from which platform she led a number of campaigns on behalf of persecuted and imprisoned writers.

Her stories and essays appeared in newspapers, magazines, and literary publications all over the world, including The New York Times, The New Yorker, The New York Review of Books, The Times Literary Supplement, Art in America, Antaeus, Parnassus, The Threepenny Review, The Nation, and Granta. Her books have been translated into thirty-two languages.

Among Ms. Sontag's many honors are the 2003 Peace Prize of the German Book Trade, the 2003 Prince of Asturias Prize, the 2001 Jerusalem Prize, the National Book Award for In America (2000), and the National Book Critics Circle Award for On Photography (1978). In 1992 she received the Malaparte Prize in Italy, and in 1999 she was named a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government (she had been named an Officier in the same order in 1984). Between 1990 and 1995 she was a MacArthur Fellow.

Ms. Sontag died in New York City on December 28, 2004.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 763 reviews
Profile Image for 尝耻铆蝉.
2,271 reviews1,173 followers
April 9, 2025
We pass from the so beautiful tuberculosis consumption to the horrible, shameful cancer, with a small passage by other diseases like the plague and the "madness" in the background. Even more disgraceful according to the imagined qualities of the affected organ. The glory of the lungs, the shame of the colon.
"... modern metaphors for the disease are all crummy. Individuals afflicted with the disease are of little help when they hear the name of evil.
Sontag insists that the metaphors evolve, disappear, and change as soon as we better understand the causes of disease. As cancer continues to be better known, we can imagine it will undergo these metaphorical evolutions. It's already the case.
This question of metaphors joins the current idea of 鈥嬧€�"labels," wanting or not wanting to be diagnosed. Others like 'schizophrenia,' 'bipolar disorder, 'drug addiction,' 'and alcoholism.' These words can add to the ills and not necessarily explain things, simplify them, and make us stupid.
This book is fascinating, but its age and likely difficulty finding it do not make it a must-have read. On the contrary, it conveys timeless ideas and has been in man's air for a long time.
Profile Image for KamRun .
398 reviews1,594 followers
December 9, 2018
丌倬丿蹖鬲: 賲丿鬲蹖 亘毓丿 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 爻賵夭丕賳 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丿乇 噩丿丕賱 亘丕 賲乇诏 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屰� 賮乇夭賳丿 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 乇丕 禺賵丕賳丿賲 讴賴 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 鬲賲丕賲 賲胤丕賱亘 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘賴 趩丕賱卮蹖 噩丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫�. 亘賴鈥屫池� 賯丕亘賱 亘丕賵乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屫й� 讴賴 賲賳鬲賯丿 爻乇爻禺鬲 賴乇诏賵賳賴 讴丕乇亘乇丿 丕爻鬲毓丕乇蹖 丕夭 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賵丿貙 禺賵丿卮 乇賵夭蹖 亘诏賵蹖丿: "亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴鈥屰� 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴... 賱賵爻賲蹖 鬲賳賴丕 賲乇诏 乇賵卮賳 賵 亘蹖鈥屬聚屫必й屬団€屫й� 丕夭 爻乇胤丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屫ж� 禺蹖丕賱鈥屬矩必ж槽� 讴乇丿". 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇賵 賲胤賱亘蹖 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丿乇 倬蹖鈥屬嗁堌簇� 丿賵賲貙 倬丕賵乇賯蹖賽 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з�

丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘

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爻賵賳鬲丕诏 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賵 乇爻丕賱賴 讴賴 亘賴 賮丕氐賱賴 夭賲丕賳蹖 丿賴 爻丕賱 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 亘賴 讴丕乇亘乇丿 丕爻鬲毓丕乇蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 賴噩賵賲 賲蹖 亘乇丿 賵 亘乇丕蹖 夭丿賵丿賳 賴乇诏賵賳賴 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥� 賵 賲毓賳丕蹖蹖 丕夭 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 丕賵 丿乇 乇爻丕賱賴 賳禺爻鬲 亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥屬囏й� 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 爻乇胤丕賳 賵 賲賯丕蹖爻賴 丕賳 亘丕 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 爻賱 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿. 丕蹖賳 乇爻丕賱賴 丿乇 卮乇丕蹖胤蹖 賳诏丕卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 禺賵丿 亘賴 爻乇胤丕賳 賲亘鬲賱丕 诏卮鬲賴 賵 毓賱蹖鈥屫必嘿� 賳丕丕賲蹖丿蹖 倬夭卮讴丕賳 鬲丨鬲 丿乇賲丕賳 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屭辟佖� 丕爻鬲. 丕賵 讴賴 禺賵丿 亘蹖賲丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕乇賴丕 賲蹖丕賳 丕賲蹖丿 賵 賳丕丕賲蹖丿蹖 丿爻鬲 賵 倬丕 夭丿賴貙 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖 讴賳丿 鬲丕 亘丕 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥屫藏й屰� 丕夭 爻乇胤丕賳 亘賴 乇賳噩 賲囟丕毓賮 亘蹖賲丕乇丕賳 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿賴丿
诏賲丕賳 賳賲蹖 讴賳賲 亘丕夭诏賵蹖蹖 蹖讴 賲丕噩乇丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕夭 丿蹖丿 丕賵賱 卮禺氐 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 蹖讴 賳賮乇 趩胤賵乇 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 爻乇胤丕賳 丿乇 亘賳丿卮 倬蹖 亘乇丿賴貙 亘乇 丌賳 诏乇蹖爻鬲賴貙 賲亘丕乇夭賴 讴乇丿賴貙 鬲爻賱丕 丿蹖丿賴貙 乇賳噩 讴卮蹖丿賴 賵 賯賵鬲 蹖丕賮鬲賴 亘賴 丿乇丿 讴爻蹖 亘禺賵乇丿. 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 鬲氐賲蹖賲 诏乇賮鬲賲 讴鬲丕亘蹖 禺丕乇噩 丕夭 賮乇賲 乇賵丕蹖蹖 氐乇賮 亘賳賵蹖爻賲 賵 亘賴 丕亘賴丕賲鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖乇丕賲賵賳 爻乇胤丕賳 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿賴賲. 讴丕乇 賳賵卮鬲賳 亘丕 爻乇毓鬲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 氐賵乇鬲 诏乇賮鬲貙 夭蹖乇丕 賳诏乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 亘賵丿賲 讴賴 賴蹖趩 賲卮禺氐 賳亘賵丿 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 蹖丕 丕丿丕賲賴 賳賵卮鬲賳 趩賯丿乇 丿蹖诏乇 夭賲丕賳 亘乇丕蹖賲 亘丕賯蹖 賲丕賳丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賴丿賮賲 賲乇賴賲 賳賴丕丿賳 亘乇 乇賳噩鈥屬囏й� 睾蹖乇 囟乇賵乇蹖 亘賵丿

丿賴 爻丕賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賳 乇爻丕賱賴 賳禺爻鬲貙 亘丕 卮賳丕爻丕蹖蹖 蹖讴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賳賵馗賴賵乇貙 鬲乇爻 丕夭 爻乇胤丕賳 噩丕蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 鬲乇爻 丕夭 丕蹖丿夭 賲蹖 丿賴丿 賵 讴丕乇亘乇丿 丕爻鬲毓丕乇蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 賵丕乇丿 賮丕夭 噩丿蹖丿蹖 賲蹖卮賵丿. 丕蹖丿夭 賵 賯囟丕賵鬲 賴丕蹖 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 丕卮 丿乇 賴蹖亘鬲 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘丕毓孬 鬲讴賮蹖乇 賵 胤乇丿 亘蹖賲丕乇 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 馗賴賵乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 丿乇 趩賳蹖賳 卮乇丕蹖胤蹖 爻賵賳鬲丕诏 亘丕 丨賲賱賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥屬囏� 亘賴 丿賮丕毓蹖 鬲賲丕賲 毓蹖丕乇 丕夭 丕賮乇丕丿 賲亘鬲賱丕 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏�

讴丕乇亘乇丿 丕爻鬲毓丕乇蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賴 丿賴鈥屬囏� 賯乇賳 倬蹖卮 亘丕夭 賲蹖诏乇丿丿貙 丌賳 夭賲丕賳 讴賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 讴蹖賮乇蹖 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 賲蹖 丿丕爻鬲賳丿. 亘毓丿賴丕 丌賳 乇丕 毓丕賲賱蹖 噩賴鬲 鬲夭讴蹖賴 賳賮爻 賵 丕賲乇賵夭賴賲 爻夭丕蹖 賳丿丕賳賲鈥屭┴ж臂� 賮乇丿 賵 賲噩丕夭丕鬲 胤亘毓蹖鬲 賵 .. 賲蹖鈥屫з嗁嗀�. 丨丿丕賯賱 丌爻蹖亘 丕蹖賳 丕賲乇貙 賳丕 丕賲蹖丿蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇 (亘丕 丕賱賯丕蹖 丕蹖賳 鬲賮讴乇 讴賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖=賲乇诏)貙 賲賯氐乇 噩賱賵賴 丿丕丿賳 亘蹖賲丕乇貙 賵蹖乇丕賳 爻丕禺鬲 賴賵蹖鬲 丕賵 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 毓囟賵蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 鬲賳賴丕 诏匕丕卮鬲賳卮 亘丕 亘丕乇蹖 爻賳诏蹖賳 丕夭 鬲賯氐蹖乇 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇亘乇丿 亘賴 賴乇卮讴賱蹖 賵 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲 丨賵夭賴鈥屬囏� 丕賲乇蹖 睾蹖乇丕禺賱丕賯蹖 賵 禺卮賵賳鬲 丌賲蹖夭 賲丨爻賵亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賵噩賵丿 爻賳鬲鈥屭必з囏� 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲鈥屬呚ж必з� 賴賲賵丕乇賴 亘賴 丌賳 毓賱丕賯賴 禺丕氐蹖 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丕賱亘鬲賴 胤亘蹖毓蹖 爻鬲. 爻賳鬲鈥屭必з囏й� 賲匕賴亘蹖 亘丕 讴丕乇亘乇丿 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 讴蹖賮乇貙 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 禺丿賲鬲 賲賳丕賮毓 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫①堌辟嗀� 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲賲丿丕乇丕賳 亘丕 讴丕乇亘乇丿 賮賱丕賳 爻賵跇賴 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖貙 囟乇賵乇鬲 丕賯丿丕賲 賯丕胤毓貙 賮賵乇蹖 賵 亘丿賵賳 賲賱丕丨馗賴鈥屫й� 乇丕 鬲賵噩蹖賴 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿

丕蹖賳 丿賵 乇爻丕賱賴 爻丕賱 賴丕 賯亘賱 (亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 丿乇 爻丕賱 1978 賵 丕蹖丿夭 賵 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥屬囏й屫� 丿乇 爻丕賱 1988) 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賳讴丕鬲蹖 讴賴 爻賵賳鬲丕诏 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賵 乇爻丕賱賴 亘賴 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賲乇鬲亘胤 亘丕 賮囟丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 (賵 賳賴 丨鬲蹖 丕乇賵倬丕) 賵 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 倬蹖卮 乇賵蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇丕賳 丿乇 丌賳 丿賵乇丕賳 丕爻鬲. 爻丕賱鈥屬囏ж池� 讴賴 噩賵丕賲毓 睾乇亘蹖 丕蹖賳 趩賳蹖賳 倬蹖卮鈥屫з堌臂屸€屬囏� 賵 禺卮賵賳鬲 讴賱丕賲蹖 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿. 丕賲丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賴賳賵夭 趩賳蹖賳 賲卮讴賱丕鬲蹖 亘賴 賯賵鬲 禺賵丿 亘丕賯蹖鈥屫池� 賵 亘蹖賲丕乇丕賳 亘噩夭 毓賵丕乇囟 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賵 爻禺鬲蹖 丿乇賲丕賳 賵 賴夭蹖賳賴鈥屬囏й� 爻乇爻丕賲鈥屫①堌必� 亘丕蹖丿 禺卮賵賳鬲 讴賱丕賲蹖 賵 乇賮鬲丕乇 鬲亘毓蹖囟鈥屫①呟屫� 賵 丿丕賵乇蹖鈥屬囏й� 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 賴賲 鬲丨賲賱 讴賳賳丿. 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賳 賵丕跇賴鈥屬囏й� 賴賵蹖鬲鈥屫囐嗀� "丕蹖丿夭蹖" 賵 "爻乇胤丕賳蹖" 乇丕蹖噩 丕爻鬲(丨鬲蹖 鬲賵爻胤 賲鬲乇噩賲 賴賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘!). 賴賳賵夭 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 亘禺卮 丌賲賵夭卮 賵 賮乇賴賳诏鈥屫池ж槽� 賴賲 賲卮讴賱 賵 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿 賵 賲毓丿賵丿 亘乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й� 丌賲賵夭卮蹖 乇爻賲蹖 賴賲 亘丕 鬲毓丕乇賮 賵 毓丿賲 氐丿丕賯鬲 亘乇诏夭丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 乇賵夭诏丕乇蹖 噩丕賲毓賴 爻賳鬲鈥屭必й� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丌賲賵夭卮 氐丨蹖丨 乇丕亘胤賴 賲丨丕賮馗鬲 卮丿賴鈥屰� 锖燂花.爻蹖 乇丕 亘乇丕亘乇 亘丕 鬲乇賵蹖噩 賮爻丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀池� 丕賲乇賵夭 賴賲蹖賳 胤乇夭 鬲賮讴乇 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賳蹖夭 倬丕亘乇噩丕爻鬲貙 趩賳丕賳鈥屭┵� 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賳 亘毓囟蹖 賱睾丕鬲 丿乇 亘乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й� 乇爻賲蹖 賵 乇爻丕賳賴鈥屬囏й� 噩賲毓蹖 讴乇丕賴鬲 丿丕乇丿

丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲貙 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賮讴蹖讴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕賴丕 賵 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕 丕賯丿丕賲蹖 乇賴丕蹖蹖 亘禺卮 賵 鬲爻賱蹖 丿賴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲.丕賲丕 丌賳鈥屫焚堌� 讴賴 爻賵賳鬲丕诏 賴賲 賲蹖 诏賵蹖丿貙 氐乇賮丕 亘丕 丕噩鬲賳丕亘 賵 丿賵乇蹖 诏夭蹖賳蹖 丕夭 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿 丌賳鈥� 乇丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿丕卮鬲. 亘乇丕蹖 賳蹖賱 亘賴 趩賳蹖賳 賴丿賮蹖 賳蹖丕夭 亘賴 毓夭賲蹖 毓賲賵賲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賳賯丿 鬲賲丕賲 毓蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴鈥屬囏� 賵 丕爻胤賵乇賴鈥屬囏й� 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏ж池�

...倬蹖鈥屬嗁堌簇� 1: 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 乇丕蹖丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 賵 賲亘丕乇夭賴 鬲賲丕賲 毓蹖丕乇卮 亘丕 乇賮鬲丕乇 鬲亘毓蹖囟鈥屫①呟屫� 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 丌賳 丿賵乇丕賳 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 乇丕 卮賳蹖丿賴鈥屫й屫� 蹖丕 賳賴. 賲丕噩乇丕蹖 亘賴鈥屫簇� 賲鬲丕孬乇 讴賳賳丿賴鈥屫й� 爻鬲. 丿乇 丕亘鬲丿丕 賵 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 丕蹖丿夭 乇丕 賲鬲毓賱賯 亘賴 賯卮乇 禺丕氐蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀池嗀� 乇丕蹖丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 爻蹖夭丿賴 爻丕賱賴 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 賮乇丌賵乇丿賴 禺賵賳蹖 丌賱賵丿賴 亘賴 丕蹖丿夭 賲亘鬲賱丕 卮丿. 亘毓丿 丕夭 毓賱賳蹖 卮丿賳 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屫ж� 丕賵 乇丕 丕夭 賲丿乇爻賴 丕禺乇丕噩 讴乇丿賳丿 賵 亘乇禺賵乇丿賴丕蹖 禺卮賵賳鬲 丌賲蹖夭蹖 丕夭 胤乇賮 賴賲讴賱丕爻蹖鈥屬囏� 賵 賵丕賱丿蹖賳卮丕賳 亘丕 丕賵 卮丿 (丨鬲蹖 亘賴 爻賲鬲 丕賵 卮賱蹖讴 讴乇丿賳丿). 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲丕噩乇丕賴丕 賲丕蹖讴賱 噩讴爻賵賳丕賱鬲賵賳 噩丕賳 丕夭 丕賵 丨賲丕蹖鬲 讴乇丿賳丿 賵 鬲賲丕賲 賲禺丕乇噩 丿乇賲丕賳蹖 丕賵 乇丕 倬乇丿丕禺鬲丿. 乇丕蹖丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 丿乇 爻賳 賴噩丿賴 爻丕賱诏蹖 賵 趩賳丿 賲丕賴 賯亘賱 丕夭 賮丕乇睾鈥屫з勜帝屬勠屸€屫ж� 丿乇诏匕卮鬲. 賲丕蹖讴賱 噩讴爻賵賳 鬲乇丕賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 夭賵丿 乇賮鬲 () 賵 鬲乇丕賳賴 丕賱鬲賵賳 噩丕賳丌禺乇蹖賳 丌賵丕夭() 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 乇丕蹖丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 爻乇賵丿賳丿

倬蹖鈥屬嗁堌簇� 2: 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 毓賲賵賲 賲胤丕賱亘 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 讴賴 丕夭 丿賵賲蹖賳 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 爻乇胤丕賳 倬蹖乇賵夭 賵 爻乇亘賱賳丿 亘蹖乇賵賳 丌賲丿賴 賵 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 丕夭 賲賳馗乇 蹖讴 亘蹖賲丕乇 賮丕鬲丨 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 "爻賵夭丕賳 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丿乇 噩丿丕賱 亘丕 賲乇诏" 亘丕 夭賳蹖 乇賵亘乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫促堐屬� 讴賴 賲睾賱賵亘 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 卮丿賴貙 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 毓乇蹖丕賳 賵 亘蹖鈥屫佖ж� 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賲乇诏 賯乇蹖亘鈥屫з勝堎傎堌关� 鬲賳賴丕 賲丕賳丿賴 亘丕 囟毓賮 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖鈥屫ж�. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 亘毓丿 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 賲胤丕賱亘 丌賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲鬲賵噩賴 卮丿賲 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴貙 賳賴 禺丕胤乇丕鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 囟丿禺丕胤乇丕鬲 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丕夭 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 爻乇胤丕賳 丕爻鬲. 賵丕賯毓蹖 賳賴貙 丕賲丕 丨賯蹖賯蹖 卮丕蹖丿

Profile Image for Jessica.
604 reviews3,277 followers
February 13, 2009
A part of me thinks you shouldn't be allowed to write a book that's just your random, personal opinion about something, even though a bigger part of me wishes that that were my job.

I can see how this book was probably really important when it came out, and I'll bet it's done a lot of great things for people's thinking about illness. But although I did really love a few bits of it, on the whole I didn't like this much, even though I was expecting to. I was never totally sure whether this was because I was densely missing Sontag's point, or because I actually did disagree with her. Towards the end, she does acknowledge that people need metaphors, and makes the point that she's identifying ways that particular metaphors for cancer and AIDS have harmed people who suffer from what she insists should be thought of as "just diseases."

See, this is what I don't get. "Just disease?" What does this mean??? My mind doesn't bend that way! If you take away my metaphors, my brain will metastasize into a useless pile of jumbled cells, and I will die. Reading this, I felt like a junkie whose heroin supply was being confiscated by mean old doctor Susan Sontag, who wasn't offering me methadone or buprenorphine or even any pills to take the edge off. She was just chaining me to the radiator and making me cold-turkey it, and I just can't think like that! How'm I supposed to make sense of anything, let alone terminal illness, without use of metaphor? How is anyone? Also, how can I, as a non-scientist, understand the basic process of a disease without a mickey-mousey, simplified explanation of its process at the cellular level, and is there a metaphor for how the HIV virus or cancer cells spread that doesn't offend Ms. Sontag's sensibilities? Because I felt like she was doing that very common thing about complaining about everything people do, without trying to envision an alternative. This is kind of my global pet peeve that applies to the overwhelming majority of academic writing and these kinds of critical essays. It's really easy to tear a concept or practice down and complain about how bad everything is (oh, trust me, I know), but far more challenging to create a positive alternative (hey, don't look at me, I'm not getting paid for this!).

So yeah, maybe I misunderstood what Sontag was saying, that could be. Her first essay contrasts the poetic, appealing metaphors of tuberculosis with the cruelly stigmatizing metaphors of cancer, and ultimately I was left a bit confused about what her point was with this. It did make me less afraid of contracting TB (one of my clients was diagnosed with it the week before I read this!), since it sounds so glamorous and all, but I don't think that was what she was getting at. She wasn't saying that cancer and AIDS need more attractive metaphors, she was saying that they shouldn't have any, and I can't accept that.

Again, maybe this was my misreading, but I felt like Sontag was pathologizing use of metaphor, which isn't in itself a symptom of illness, and in fact is, as far as I'm concerned, necessary to human life (or at least this human's). I haven't personally experienced TB, cancer, or AIDS myself, but I have been diseased, and in my personal opinion a spoon full of metaphor helps the medicine go down, or at least has helped me to conceptualize and make meaning out of what otherwise just sucks and is basically senseless. Metaphor is the framework that makes all the chaos superficially intelligible. I know many metaphors are dreadful and ugly, but to me that still might be better than the void. Maybe the choice doesn't have to be so stark, and maybe we can replace the sicker metaphors with healthy ones, but even if I could think of a terminal illness as "just" a disease, I don't think I'd want to.

Again, maybe I'm missing the point. That happens sometimes! (Okay, a lot.) I also got a little concerned at some points that Sontag might overlook relatively concrete, scientific facts in service of her argument For instance, smoking can cause lung cancer, that's not just something they say to make cancer patients feel bad. And while obviously mind-body theories are extremely dangerous for the reasons she describes, I also don't think that acknowledging possible relationships between mental and physical health is inevitably false or stigmatizing, and I felt like she needed to deny that possibility at all costs. Sometimes when she said she just wanted to get at just the science, I wasn't sure I could trust her. I felt like (a) what's "just" the science? and also (b) what if you don't like the science, Susan?

Still, there was some terrific stuff in here, there was. Sontag ultimately did die of cancer, and I do think it's to her credit that she did so during an era in which the disease was far less stigmatized than it was when she wrote this essay, in response to her first diagnosis. Even though I take issue with some of what I think she was saying, I imagine it did do great stuff for people who shouldn't have to deal with the burden of harmful metaphors, on top of the pain of a serious illness. There's definitely value in diagnosing the problem -- "that's a metaphor, not a reality" -- which she did well here. I think my own problem started when she started prescribing -- "don't use metaphors" -- but whatever, I'm sure she did no harm.
Profile Image for Luke.
1,562 reviews1,101 followers
December 30, 2015
4.5/5
Of course, one cannot think without metaphors. But that does not mean there aren't some metaphors we might well abstain from or try to retire. As, of course, all thinking is interpretation. But that does not mean it isn't sometimes correct to be "against" interpretation.
Somewhere and at some past in the history of the world, someone woke up to the news of the AIDS epidemic and was thrilled. It is no longer 1989, two years before my birth and therefor permanently irretrievable in the direct sense by my personal self, but there's still no sex education in the US. There are still mutterings of "the dark continent" during chapters pertaining to venereal disease. My generation went to elementary school to the tune of DARE and the War on Drugs, something for which I have finally puzzled out the reason for funding, if not reason itself. Health insurance has been bettered a bit, but the fears of "Gattaca" style stratification are still laughable while money is so acceptable a mulching of the sick and the unwell.
Abuse of the military metaphor may be inevitable in a capitalist society, a society that increasingly restricts the scope and credibility of appeals to ethical principle, when it is thought foolish not to subject one's actions to the calculus of self-interest and profitability.
None of the pre-meds I interacted with during the course of my bout of university schooling are going to make very good doctors. Some have probably dropped from the grind since I last saw them (no room for fatigue when there's tuition to please), and those who are left are likely more than capable of expanding upon their MCAT back to front and then some, but where exactly will they pick up that deep and unyielding compassion for the human beings they treat? Where in the curriculum is the part about stigma, socioeconomic influences, the emphasis on the bottom line rather than the standard of living? Religion and empathy are the wave away reassurances for that, both of which as susceptible to influence as any ideological structure or biological formality.
Part of the self-definition of Europe and the neo-European countries is that it, the First World, is where major calamities are history-making, transformative, while in poor, African or Asian countries they are part of a cycle, and therefore something like an aspect of nature.
I'm not as enamored with philosophy as I was in my youth. Perhaps it is a side effect of my previous era's supreme focus on specialization, but I am annoyed by a "stretched too thin" sense in Sontag's writing, similar to my disparagement of late 20th century philosophers who failed miserably at conjectures at, in their time, already mapped out neurological chemistry. There is also the matter that Sontag's exhortation of the reader to follow the best plan of treatment is absurdly optimistic, as complete and utter deprivation of metaphors from all senses of "ill" will not remove the barriers of economics, accessibility, and the poor training of doctors when it comes to combating bias. The problem with this, of course, is how often the displeasure crops up in classes on history, psychology, anthropology, you name it it glosses and passes and sidesteps; this, unlike those, does not come with midterms, so I set my scientific perturbations aside and took what I could get. As previously stated, experience with facts does not prepare oneself with engagement with how ideologies embrace the biological in the name of "survival of the fittest."
The people who have the real disease are also hardly helped by hearing their disease's name constantly being dropped as the epitome of evil.
I have no experience with cancer, AIDS, or any other disease that sounds in public as a death knell. What I do have experience with are the socially sanctioned definitions of insanity, a field Sontag touched upon with great if infrequent emphasis. The reason I am comfortable with talking about my major depressive disorder online is this and this alone: none of you will ever be in a position to report me for purposes of putting me away. As popular as it is to decry technology, many forms of it allow me to avoid the conclusion of various calls to action birthed in those who surround me. What metaphors you hold me by, I will never know, and am all the better for it.
No one wants a plague, of course. But, yes, it would be a chance to begin again. And beginning again鈥攖hat is very modern, very American, too.
Back in my day, jokes about efficiently fatal retroviruses applied on the scale of Armageddon were common currency in the halls of Bioengineering. Who doesn't love a good post-apocalypse?
128 reviews126 followers
April 19, 2020
A great book. I am surprised that some people give the book such low ratings. Rereading this book after so many years, I liked it even more because it rings so true. One reason why Humanities are so important because they tell us something significant about ourselves and about power structures within which we live.

What Sontag argues in the book is so relevant to the present-day discourse about the Corona virus鈥撯€揻or instance the media initially referred to it as the Wuhan virus. Sontag shows the dangerous ways in which epidemics are politicized. The disease is sidelined, and banalities are offered to quell the disease. Unfortunately, most governments in the world continue to respond to the epidemics in conventional ways. The US and West blaming China, China blaming the US, Pakistan blaming India, and god knows who else is blaming whom. But the blame game goes on.

Since Sontag's book is supremely political, it is clear that many people dislike it. But I cannot help admiring her for taking unpopular positions鈥撯€揺lse what is the point of writing? In the wake of Corona, suddenly our politicians, especially in the West, have forgotten about muslims, refugees, asylum seekers, and so forth. Is not it weird? Maybe in some ways they are realizing their own refugee-status in the world. How temporary it all seemed as the Covid 19 showed itself, as the news of sudden death started poring in from all over. Going by Sontag's account of the various epidemics and our response to them, it seems like we seldom learn from history (of course, there are exceptions).

It would be interesting to see how the world will be, after the Lockdowns will be lifted. Will we enter a better and more friendly world or into a petty and belligerent world.
Profile Image for Raul.
357 reviews277 followers
August 30, 2022
"Nothing is more punitive than to give a disease a meaning鈥攖hat meaning being invariably a moralistic one."

These past two years, given the COVID pandemic and the other illnesses that have emerged during this period, have been anxiety-inducing for those who often have fears of falling ill. Being one of these people, a book recommended to me to "unveil" illness, as a friend described it, seemed a necessary read.

Using mostly TB, cancer, syphilis, and, later in the second part of the book, AIDS, Sontag examines the metaphors and meanings given to illness. Certain facts I had never known, such as the romanticization of some aspects of tuberculosis, were fascinating to read. For instance, the obsession with thinness still present that can be traced to the late eighteenth century romanticizing weight loss due to TB. Or that it is (or was at the time this book was published) common professional practice in certain countries like France not to tell patients that they have cancer.

Sontag explained in the introduction to the second part of the book, that it was her cancer diagnosis that had prompted her to write the first section which had been published years earlier. Spurred by what she calls an evangelical zeal to spread her message, she wrote this book. Which is incredible, given the clarity of thought and breadth of references encountered; I couldn't have guessed the pressures and anxiety that brought this work.

From the fears of suffering and death that creates the metaphors around illness to the ways the metaphors lead to stigma and hurt those who should be seeking professional treatment, this book brilliantly does what its writer set out to. Sontag is thorough in all the ways illness both exposes existing oppressive structures and prejudices and solidifies, and, even, expands them.

This book indeed unveils illness, and helps the reader to reach the understanding that illness is simply just that: the state of being physically unwell. That whatever pathogens that bring with them illness aren't punishment and that there are no symbols or signs attached to them, neither are these pathogens even consciously aware (simple as this is, it is strange that we often think or feel otherwise) of the harm they do to us. That humans aren't the only living beings that get sick and die. Our fear of suffering and death caused being responsible for the distance those who are healthy put between themselves and the ill, and all the messages, some rooted in and carried from religious thinking and some possibly even going further back in time, and the harm as a result. Of course Sontag is a very intelligent thinker and doesn't romanticize illness, nor does the reader, using myself here, come away from this book necessarily fearless of illness, but instead emerges from it more prudent.
Profile Image for Glenn Sumi.
404 reviews1,838 followers
March 18, 2022
I wish Susan Sontag were alive to write about the COVID-19 pandemic. I鈥檓 sure she would have found profound and brilliant things to say about how the disease has taken on war metaphors, been symbolically politicized and caused irreparable harm to certain segments of society.

That鈥檚 essentially what she did with cancer/tuberculosis and AIDS, the subjects, respectively, of her books Illness and Metaphor (1978) and AIDS and Its Metaphors (1989), which are collected here in one volume.

How often have we heard the phrase 鈥淪o-and-so lost their battle with cancer鈥� or 鈥淸insert terrible thing] is a cancer on society鈥�? She says such metaphors aren鈥檛 helpful, and in fact affect people suffering from the disease, who then might put off seeking help or treatment, thinking it an inevitable death sentence.

(One interesting fact. I鈥檓 currently reading Sontag鈥檚 first essay collection Against Interpretation, and she begins one essay, on a Sartre book, thusly: 鈥�Saint Genet is a cancer of a book, grotesquely verbose鈥︹€� Since she would later have cancer herself, which led to the writing of Illness as Metaphor, I鈥檓 sure she would want to retract her use of that particular metaphor.)

In the first illness book, Sontag employs a wide range of cultural references to show how differently society viewed tuberculosis and cancer. The former was associated with delicate, sensitive and sad individuals 鈥� often romanticized as creative, poetic types. People living with the latter were often thought of as repressed and insular, lacking sufficient passion.

There are passages of brilliance, mixed in awkwardly with clumsy and academic-sounding prose. I wish she had focussed more on her own experience with cancer to make the points resonate a bit more.

In the AIDS book, she makes some obvious statements about the moral pronouncements made on the early people affected by the syndrome, mostly gay men and intravenous drug users. (She rightly compares it to earlier reactions to syphilis.) Some of the more fascinating observations come from how other countries dealt in a less moralistic and judgemental way with AIDS. The book is fine, but more intriguing is her much-anthologized, unforgettable short story 鈥淭he Way We Live Now,鈥� which chronicles the way the unnamed virus affected dozens of friends and colleagues in New York City.

This book has led me to read more Sontag. She can be incredibly verbose and high-minded, dropping dozens of European names as if we should know each one and have read their complete oeuvre in the original French or German. But her intentions are good. In today鈥檚 clickbait landscape, I can鈥檛 think of a cultural critic with the same profile, breath of knowledge and influence.
Profile Image for trovateOrtensia .
235 reviews264 followers
February 15, 2018
In questi giorni in cui chi ha (avuto) il cancro 猫 "un figo pazzesco" (come dice la Toffa, che prima dell'outing con ovazione finale in tv confesso di non sapere neanche chi fosse), in questi giorni dunque di cos矛 euforico sdoganamento di una malattia altrimenti nominabile solo con perifrasi inquietanti, io propongo la lettura di questo breve e luminoso libro: una lucidissima riflessione sul cancro, la sua simbologia e le metafore di cui la societ脿 contemporanea si avvale per parlarne. Una malattia, dice Sontag, che 猫 diventata essa stessa metafora del nostro tempo e che, proprio a causa di questa trasposizione su un piano metaforico, ha acquisito lo statuto metafisico di Male per eccellenza, trasformando chi ne 猫 affetto in un "guerriero" chiamato a "vincere" o "perdere" una "battaglia" (con evidenti implicazioni di colpa, tra l'altro, per chi esce "sconfitto"). Una malattia, dice sempre Sontag, cui bisogna razionalmente (con riflessione e pensiero rigoroso, non con emotivit脿 incontrollata) togliere questa impropria valenza metaforica, questo alone di lotta, questo lessico mutuato dal gergo militare, che la trasforma in spaventevole stigma. Per farlo, bisogna lavorare e riflettere appunto anche sulle parole e sul linguaggio (che, come insegna Klemperer - questo lo aggiungo io- non 猫 mai "innocente").
Senza tirare in ballo fighi pazzeschi e guerrieri indomiti, per favore.
Profile Image for Sara Hosseini.
159 reviews65 followers
December 4, 2018
爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丕蹖賳 丿賵 噩爻鬲丕乇 乇丕 亘賴 賮丕氐賱賴 丿賴 爻丕賱 丿乇 1978 賵 1988 亘賴 賳诏丕乇卮 丿乇丌賵乇丿. 丕賲丕 毓賱蹖 乇睾賲 爻丕賱 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賳诏丕乇卮 丕蹖賳 丿賵 丕孬乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 毓賱賲 倬夭卮讴蹖 賵 賳蹖夭 亘丕賵乇 毓賲賵賲蹖 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴丕 丨丕氐賱 卮丿賴貙 讴賲丕讴丕賳 丿賱丕賱鬲 賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 丿丕乇賳丿. 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 亘賴 夭毓賲 賲賳 丕孬乇 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 賲賴賲 鬲乇蹖賳 讴丕乇讴乇丿卮 亘蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 賲爻丕賱賴 亘丕卮丿 讴賴 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 毓賯賵亘鬲 賵 讴蹖賮乇 賵 亘丕 毓蹖賳讴蹖 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲蹖 蹖丕 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿. 賵蹖 丕賱亘鬲賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 丕鬲讴丕蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘乇 毓賱賲 (science) 賵 乇賵蹖讴乇丿 毓賱賲蹖 氐乇賮 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丨賱卢丕賱賲爻丕卅賱 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 讴乇丿賴 賵 賴賲蹖賳 賲爻丕賱賴 賯丿乇蹖 丕夭 丕毓鬲亘丕乇 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 賴丕蹖卮 讴丕爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲 (禺氐賵氐賳 丿乇 噩爻鬲丕乇 丿賵賲).
爻賵夭丕賳 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 亘賴 夭毓賲 賲賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿蹖爻鬲 讴賴 丌孬丕乇卮 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲賴 亘乇丕蹖賲 丿乇爻 賳馗乇賵乇夭蹖 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 丕賳丿蹖卮蹖丿賳 (賵 亘賴 胤亘毓貙 趩诏賵賳賴 賳賵卮鬲賳 丌賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕) 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 禺賵丿 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 芦诏賲丕賳 賳賲蹖 讴乇丿賲 亘丕夭诏賵蹖蹖 蹖讴 賲丕噩乇丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕夭 丿蹖丿賽 丕賵賱 卮禺氐 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 讴賴 趩胤賵乇 蹖讴 賳賮乇 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 爻乇胤丕賳 丿乇 亘丿賳卮 倬蹖 亘乇丿賴貙 亘乇 丌賳 诏乇蹖爻鬲賴貙 賲亘丕乇夭賴 讴乇丿賴貙 鬲爻賱丕 丿蹖丿賴貙 乇賳噩 讴卮蹖丿賴 賵 賯賵鬲 賯賱亘 蹖丕賮鬲賴 亘賴 丿乇丿蹖 亘禺賵乇丿... 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賮丕蹖丿賴 乇賵丕蹖鬲 讴乇丿賳貙 讴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丕蹖丿賴 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 亘賵丿.禄 丕賵 亘丕 亘丕乇蹖讴 丕賳丿蹖卮蹖 爻毓蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿 亘賴 丿丕賲 鬲賮讴乇 乇賵賲丕賳鬲蹖讴 -讴賴 禺賵丿 賲爻鬲毓丿 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇蹖 亘乇丕蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖爻鬲- 賳蹖賮鬲丿. 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賵趩賳丿丕賳蹖 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵賯鬲蹖 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 禺賵丿 丿乇 丌賳 夭賲丕賳 亘賴 爻乇胤丕賳 丿趩丕乇 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賵蹖 賴丿賮 禺賵丿 乇丕 賴賲乇丕爻鬲丕 亘丕 倬乇賵跇賴 毓賱蹖賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇卮 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 賵 賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻丿 芦賴丿賮賲 賳賴 賲毓賳丕 亘禺卮蹖丿賳貙 亘賱讴賴 鬲賴蹖 讴乇丿賳 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 賲毓賳丕 亘賵丿禄.
爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丿乇 噩爻鬲丕乇 丿賵賲 禺賵丿 亘賴 賳賯卮 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕 丿乇 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賴丕蹖 丿爻鬲 乇丕爻鬲蹖 丕蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 賴賲噩賳爻 诏乇丕爻鬲蹖夭蹖 賵 賲賴丕噩乇爻鬲蹖夭蹖 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿. 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 卮蹖賵毓 丕蹖丿夭 丿乇 丌賲乇蹖讴丕貙 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖貙 禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 丌賳 乇丕 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 丌賮乇蹖賯丕蹖蹖 蹖丕 丿乇賲蹖丕賳 賲乇丿丕賳 賴賲噩賳爻诏乇丕 賲蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲賳丿 賵 賴賲蹖賳 賲爻丕賱賴 亘賴 鬲丿賵蹖賳 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賴丕 賵 丿爻鬲賵乇丕賱毓賲賱 賴丕蹖 丕噩乇丕蹖蹖 丕蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖夭賵賱賴 讴乇丿賳 賴乇 趩賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕賯賱蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賯賵賲蹖貙 噩賳爻蹖 貙 賳跇丕丿蹖 賵 ... 賲蹖 丕賳噩丕賲蹖丿. 丨乇亘賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賴賲 丕讴賳賵賳 賳蹖夭 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘爻鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 (讴丕賮蹖爻鬲 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丌賵乇蹖賲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賲丕跇賴丕蹖 賲乇爻賵賲蹖 讴賴 丿乇禺氐賵氐 丕賮睾丕賳爻鬲丕賳蹖 賴丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貙 讴孬蹖賮 亘賵丿賳 賵 毓丿賲 乇毓丕蹖鬲 亘賴丿丕卮鬲 丕爻鬲. 诏賵蹖蹖 丌賳賴丕 賳丕賯賱 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖卢丕賳丿).

倬.賳: 丨蹖賳 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 賲讴乇乇 蹖丕丿 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 鬲賵讴賱蹖 胤乇賯蹖 丕賮鬲丕丿賲 讴賴 丕夭 卮蹖賵毓 诏賮鬲賲丕賳蹖 丿乇賲丕賳蹖- 亘丕賱蹖賳蹖 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 賲卮乇賵胤賴 賵 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳貙 丿乇 爻倬賴乇 爻蹖丕爻蹖 爻禺賳 賲蹖 诏賮鬲. 鬲賵讴賱蹖 亘賴 卮乇丨 丕蹖賳 诏賮鬲賲丕賳 賵 賳賯卮蹖 讴賴 丿乇 鬲噩丿丿蹖丕亘蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖丕賳 丕蹖賮丕 讴乇丿賴 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿. 丕賲丕 丿乇 囟賲賳 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱貙 亘賴 賳賯賱 賯賵賱 賴丕蹖 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 卮丕賴丿 賲孬丕賱 賴丕蹖蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 丕爻鬲. 亘賴 胤賵乇 賲孬丕賱 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賮賯賴丕 讴賴 鬲禺氐氐卮 丿乇 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲賯丕乇亘鬲蹖 亘賵丿貙 芦毓賱鬲 丨賯賷賯賶 賵 賲賳卮丕亍 丕氐賱賶 丕賷賳 賮爻丕丿 乇丕 鬲賯賱賷丿 亘賷鈥屫� 丕夭 毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 乇爻賵賲 賲賱賱 賮丕爻丿丕賱丕禺賱丕賯 賲睾乇亘 夭賲賷賳禄 賲蹖 卮賲乇丿. 丿乇 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 丕爻賳丕丿 丿蹖诏乇 賳蹖夭貙 丿乇 賴賳诏丕賲 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 亘丨乇丕賳 賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 賲毓囟賱丕鬲 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 丕夭 丕賱賮丕馗 賲乇鬲亘胤 亘丕 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴丕 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賳蹖夭 丿乇 噩丕蹖蹖 丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖 亘蹖賳蹖賲 讴賴 丌賱 丕丨賲丿貙 睾乇亘夭丿诏蹖 乇丕 趩賵賳 賵亘丕夭丿诏蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲賴. 蹖毓賳蹖 丿乇賵丕賯毓 賲丕 卮丕賴丿蹖賲 丿乇 丿賵乇賴 丕蹖 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲毓丕氐乇 (讴賴 亘丕 卮蹖賵毓 丕賲乇丕囟蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 賵亘丕 賵 爻賮賱蹖爻 賴賲夭賲丕賳 亘賵丿賴)貙 賴噩賵賲 丕乇夭卮 賴丕蹖 睾乇亘蹖 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇倬匕蹖乇蹖 丕夭 睾乇亘 亘丕 亘乇禺蹖 丕賲乇丕囟 賴賲诏賵賳 賵 賲乇丕丿賮 倬賳丿丕卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 卮乇 丕爻鬲 賵 爻丕蹖乇 卮購乇賵乇 賳蹖夭 亘丕 丌賳 賴賲 乇丿賴 賵 賴賲乇丕賴 丕賳丿. 丿蹖丿诏丕賴蹖 讴賴 賴賲 丕讴賳賵賳 賳蹖夭 亘賴 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 胤乇賯 丕丿丕賲賴 蹖丕賮鬲賴 賵 丌賳趩賳丕賳 讴賴 诏丕賮賲賳 卮乇丨 丿丕丿賴貙 丿丕睾 賳賳诏蹖 乇丕 亘乇 倬蹖卮丕賳蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇 賲蹖 丕賮讴賳丿.


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丿蹖乇賵夭 亘賴 賲鬲賳蹖 亘乇禺賵乇丿賲 讴賴 亘乇賳丕賲賴 賲卮鬲乇讴 賲賱賱 賲鬲丨丿 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳賴 丕蹖丿夭 丌賳 乇丕 鬲賴蹖賴 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 丌賳 賳蹖夭 亘丕 毓賳賵丕賳 "乇賴賳賲賵丿賴丕蹖 賵丕跇賴 卮賳丕爻蹖 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳賴 丕趩 丌蹖 賵蹖 賵 丕蹖丿夭" 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賲鬲賳貙 賵丕夭诏丕賳 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 噩丕蹖 賵丕跇诏丕賳 賮毓賱蹖 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 丕趩 丌蹖 賵蹖 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 趩賳蹖賳 賲鬲賳蹖 诏丕賲 賲賴賲蹖 丿乇 乇丕爻鬲丕蹖 亘賴亘賵丿 卮乇丕蹖胤 夭蹖爻鬲 讴爻丕賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕 丕趩 丌蹖 賵蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 賵 丕夭 賯囟丕 丿乇 乇丕爻鬲丕蹖 賴賲丕賳 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 夭丿丕蹖蹖 賲丿 賳馗乇 爻丕賳鬲丕诏 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿. 賮蹖 丕賱賲孬賱 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 賲亘丕乇夭賴 毓賱蹖賴 丕蹖丿夭貙 亘诏賵蹖蹖賲 倬丕爻禺 亘賴 丕蹖丿夭. 賱蹖賳讴 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 亘賴 賲鬲賳 賮丕乇爻蹖:
Profile Image for Joshie.
340 reviews74 followers
July 6, 2020
鈥淢odern disease metaphors specify an ideal of society鈥檚 wellbeing, analogised to physical health, that is frequently anti-political as it is a call for a new political order.鈥�

Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors is an eloquently incisive dissection of how diseases used as metaphors limit, twist, and bring forth several other meanings that can jeopardise and vaporise their medical definition. This, in turn, can have a strange, harmful effect to people who have these diseases and the people within their 鈥渃ommunities.鈥� More than that the usage of metaphors not only in a literary sense but also to the advantage of any political agenda (to alienate/isolate a minority, incite ridiculous fear to the public, et cetera), the romanticisation/stigmatisation of these diseases along their accompanied demise are fascinatingly magnificent additions to their history of metaphors throughout the years.

Sontag, although perhaps a bit repetitive here and there, is seamless: from tuberculosis as a fashion trend, a standard beauty in all its pale and sallow, gaunt glory, cancer as an overused metaphor (ex., as 鈥渦nqualifiedly and unredeemably wicked鈥�) which mentally affects patients with cancer and its further association to a type of extremism that causes displacement and discrimination (ex. 鈥淚slam is spreading like cancer鈥�) to the AIDS epidemic in 鈥�80s US where it's labelled as the 鈥済ay plague鈥� and how this perpetuated, exacerbated the already ingrained hatred and prejudice on top of the government鈥檚 intentional inaction. This painfully claimed a lot of lives. Sadly, bigoted beliefs still exist today in those who choose to be ignorant and stupid. And similar to what鈥檚 currently happening, there is a pattern of justified discrimination, this time of a racial kind, with the initial identification of COVID19 in Hubei, China. Asians鈥擟hinese and people mistaken as Chinese (because of people鈥檚 narrow idea of what Asians look like and the lack of geographical knowledge)鈥攁re subjected to verbal abuse even physical violence across the globe. And this doesn鈥檛 stop there, people of colour also receive worse, little to no medical attention because of the implicit social hierarchy established particularly in western countries. This slim book does not end here, it inspects countless of metaphors I'm afraid to blabber about.

By the end, Sontag's polemic is unforgettably powerful and strikingly remains frighteningly relevant during this pandemic we are all in. It is despairing that she predicts these metaphors will be obsolete in the future, maybe it's indeed better, but it seems to me they only pile up like clothes in an otherwise already full closet, metaphors we use at our disposal without critically thinking of their lasting impact.
Profile Image for verbava.
1,097 reviews154 followers
May 30, 2014
薪械 蟹薪邪褞, 褔懈 屑邪谢邪 斜 褑褟 泻薪懈卸泻邪 薪邪谐芯写褍 褋褌邪褌懈 褟胁懈褖械屑 胁 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯屑褍 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯屑褍 卸懈褌褌褨 鈥� 胁褋械-褌邪泻懈 褉械褔褨, 锌褉芯 褟泻褨 锌懈褕械 蟹芯薪褌邪谐, 褍卸械 褔懈 薪械 写褍卸械 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪褨, 褔懈 写芯胁芯谢褨 斜邪薪邪谢褜薪褨, 褔懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 蟹邪薪邪写褌芯 褋褍斜'褦泻褌懈胁薪褨, 褖芯斜 褋锌褉芯胁芯泻褍胁邪褌懈 褋械褉泄芯蟹薪褍 写懈褋泻褍褋褨褞 写芯胁泻邪谢邪. 芯写薪邪泻 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褟泻褖芯 褟泻懈泄褋褜 褕邪薪褋 褨 斜褍胁, 褌芯 胁懈写邪胁械褑褜 蟹褨褌薪褍胁 泄芯屑褍 谐芯谢芯胁褍, 邪 锌芯褌褨屑 写谢褟 锌械胁薪芯褋褌褨 锌褉芯斜懈胁 谐褉褍写懈 锌芯谐邪薪芯 芯斜褋褌褉褍谐邪薪懈屑 芯褋懈泻芯胁懈屑 泻褨谢泻芯屑. 褨 锌褉芯胁械褉薪褍胁 泻褨谢褜泻邪 褉邪蟹褨胁. 薪褍, 褖芯斜 褍卸械 褌芯褔薪芯.
泻褍褉褉胁邪, 写械 胁芯薪懈 锌褉懈屑褍写褉褟褞褌褜褋褟 蟹薪邪褏芯写懈褌懈 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褔褨胁, 褟泻褨 褌邪泻 薪械薪邪胁懈写褟褌褜 屑芯胁褍, 褨 褉械写邪泻褌芯褉褨胁, 褟泻褨 薪械 胁褨写褉褨蟹薪褟褞褌褜 褌械泻褋褌 胁褨写 邪薪褌褉械褋芯谢褨?
褍 褌芯屑褍, 褟泻邪 褟 蟹 褑褨褦褩 泻薪懈卸泻懈 谢褞褌邪, 蟹芯薪褌邪谐 薪械 胁懈薪薪邪 薪褨 薪邪 谐褉邪薪. 胁芯薪邪 卸 薪械 屑芯谐谢邪 锌械褉械写斜邪褔懈褌懈, 褖芯 泻芯谢懈褋褜 褩褩 褌械泻褋褌 胁懈写邪写褍褌褜 褍 卸邪褏谢懈胁芯屑褍 锌械褉械泻谢邪写褨, 胁 褟泻芯屑褍 斜褉邪泻褍褦 褉芯蟹写褨谢芯胁懈褏 蟹薪邪泻褨胁, 薪械蟹邪泻褉懈褌褨 谢邪锌泻懈 泄 写褍卸泻懈 鈥� 薪芯褉屑邪谢褜薪邪 褋锌褉邪胁邪, 邪 泻芯薪褋褌褉褍泻褑褨褩 薪邪 泻褕褌邪谢褌 "褑械 褦 写懈胁薪懈屑" 褟泻褉邪蟹 薪械 写懈胁薪褨. 胁芯薪邪 薪械 胁懈薪薪邪, 褖芯 褩泄 褌褉邪锌懈褌褜褋褟 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褔 (邪, 写邪. 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褔邪 蟹胁褍褌褜 褌邪褉邪褋 斜芯泄泻芯 褨 胁褨薪 薪械 褋芯褉芯屑懈褌褜褋褟 锌懈褋邪褌懈 胁 褋胁芯褦屑褍 褉械蟹褞屑械, 褖芯 锌械褉械泻谢邪胁 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍. 谢褞写懈 屑械薪械 斜械蟹屑械卸薪芯 写懈胁褍褞褌褜), 锌褨写 锌邪谢褜褑褟屑懈 褟泻芯谐芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜邪 斜褍写械 "褋锌褉懈褔懈薪褟褌懈褋褟", "写芯褋谢褨写卸褍胁邪褌懈褋褟" 褨 "褋锌褉懈泄屑邪褌懈褋褟", 褟泻懈泄 褍 写胁芯褏 褉械褔械薪薪褟褏 薪械 蟹屑芯卸械 褌褉懈褔褨 锌褉邪胁懈谢褜薪芯 薪邪锌懈褋邪褌懈 锌褉褨蟹胁懈褖械 覒芯屑斜褉芯胁懈褔邪, 褟泻懈泄 褍 薪械泄褌褉邪谢褜薪褨泄 褑懈褌邪褌褨 褨蟹 蟹邪褟胁懈 屑褨薪褨褋褌褉邪 芯褏芯褉芯薪懈 蟹写芯褉芯胁'褟 胁卸懈胁邪褌懈屑械 褋谢芯胁芯 "蟹谢褟谐邪褌懈褋褟" 胁 褋械薪褋褨 蟹邪泄屑邪褌懈褋褟 褋械泻褋芯屑 鈥� 褨 褉械写邪泻褌芯褉 (褉械写邪泻褌芯褉邪 蟹胁褍褌褜 谢械褋褟 锌褨褕泻芯. 邪 褔芯, 泻褉邪褩薪邪 屑邪褦 蟹薪邪褌懈 褋胁芯褩褏 谐械褉芯褩胁), 褟泻懈泄 斜褍写械 写芯褋褌邪褌薪褜芯 薪械泻芯屑锌械褌械薪褌薪懈泄, 褖芯斜 褍胁械褋褜 褑械泄 蟹胁褨蟹写褦褑 胁懈泄褕芯胁 写褉褍泻芯屑. 屑械薪褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褌褉芯褏懈 褕泻芯写邪 褋褞蟹械薪 蟹芯薪褌邪谐 鈥� 胁芯薪邪 卸 褌芯 薪褨褔芯谐芯 锌芯谐邪薪芯谐芯 薪械 蟹褉芯斜懈谢邪. 蟹 褨薪褕芯谐芯 斜芯泻褍, 褑械 胁 斜芯卸械薪褜泻懈 屑芯卸械 斜褍褌懈 褌邪泻械 芯褋芯斜谢懈胁械 锌芯褔褍褌褌褟 谐褍屑芯褉褍: 薪邪 锌芯泻褍褌褍 蟹邪 褟泻褨褋褜 芯褋芯斜谢懈胁褨 褌邪褦屑薪褨 谐褉褨褏懈 胁懈写邪胁邪褌懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻褨胁 褍 薪械褋褌械褉锌薪懈褏, 褑褨谢泻芯胁懈褌芯 薪械褔懈褌邪斜械谢褜薪懈褏 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褏.
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93 reviews
April 5, 2025
袧邪锌褉懈泻褨薪褑褨 70-褏 褉芯泻褨胁 褍 小褜褞蟹械薪 袟芯薪褌邪覒 胁懈褟胁懈谢懈 褉邪泻. 袩褨褋谢褟 褑褜芯谐芯 胁芯薪邪 锌懈褕械 芦啸胁芯褉芯斜褍 褟泻 屑械褌邪褎芯褉褍禄, 写械 薪邪屑邪谐邪褦褌褜褋褟 锌芯泻邪蟹邪褌懈 褟泻 褉褟写 褏胁芯褉芯斜 锌械褉械褌胁芯褉褞褞褌褜褋褟 褍 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈 胁 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉褨, 泻褨薪芯 褌邪 屑懈褋褌械褑褌胁褨. 袨锌懈褋褍褦 褟泻 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁芯 褎芯褉屑褍褦 褏懈斜薪褨 屑褨褎懈 薪邪胁泻芯谢芯 褑懈褏 褏胁芯褉芯斜. 效械褉械蟹 写械褋褟褌褜 褉芯泻褨胁 胁芯薪邪 锌懈褕械 芦小袧袉袛 褌邪 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈禄, 写械 锌芯褟褋薪褞褦 褌械 褋邪屑械, 邪谢械 胁卸械 锌褉芯 小袧袉袛 (邪 褌邪泻芯卸 锌芯褟褋薪褞褦 薪邪胁褨褖芯 胁芯薪邪 锌懈褋邪谢邪 锌芯锌械褉械写薪褦 械褋械) 褨 褉芯斜懈褌褜 褋胁芯褩 胁懈褋薪芯胁泻懈.

效褌懈胁芯 薪邪锌褉邪胁写褍 褑褨泻邪胁械. 袧械蟹胁邪卸邪褞褔懈 薪邪 褌械, 褖芯 胁 褉褨蟹薪褨 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 卸懈褌褌褟 褟 锌褉芯 褑械 蟹邪写褍屑褍胁邪谢邪褋褜, 褑褨 械褋械 写芯锌芯屑芯谐谢懈 褌褉芯褏懈 褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉褍胁邪褌懈 写褍屑泻懈.

袗谢械 锌芯谐芯胁芯褉懈屑芯 褌褉芯褏懈 锌褉芯 屑褨薪褍褋懈, 泻褍写懈 卸 斜械蟹 薪懈褏.

馃搷屑邪斜褍褌褜, 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕 锌芯屑褨褌薪械 - 锌械褉械泻谢邪写. 携 薪械 锌芯褉褨胁薪褞胁邪谢邪 胁械褋褜 褌械泻褋褌, 邪谢械 屑褨褋褑褟屑懈 胁 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯屑褍 锌械褉械泻谢邪写褨 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨 锌械褉褕褨 褔邪褋褌懈薪懈 褉械褔械薪褜, 邪 褌芯 泄 褋邪屑褨 褉械褔械薪薪褟. 袉薪泻芯谢懈 褋泻谢邪写邪褦褌褜褋褟 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 邪斜蟹邪褑 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦褌褜褋褟, 褟泻-褌芯 泻邪卸褍褌褜, 芦蟹邪 蟹写褉邪胁褨褦禄 褨 蟹邪泻褨薪褔褍褦褌褜褋褟 芦蟹邪 褍锌芯泻褨泄禄.

馃搷褋邪屑芯锌芯胁褌芯褉懈 袟芯薪褌邪覒 褌邪泻芯卸 谢械谐泻芯 锌芯屑褨褔邪褞褌褜褋褟. 袨褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 胁芯薪邪 锌褉懈胁芯写懈褌褜 胁 锌褉懈泻谢邪写 斜邪谐邪褌芯 褌胁芯褉褨胁, 褔邪褋褌芯 芯写薪械 褨 褌械 褋邪屑械 褌胁械褉写卸械薪薪褟 屑芯卸薪邪 斜邪褔懈褌懈 写胁邪 邪斜芯 褌褉懈 褉邪蟹懈.

馃搷褌械, 胁褨写 褔芯谐芯 褟 胁锌褉邪胁薪芯 薪邪屑邪谐邪谢邪褋褜 褍褏懈谢褟褌懈褋褜 - 褋锌芯泄谢械褉懈 写芯 谢械写褜 薪械 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪懈 泻谢邪褋懈泻懈. 袨褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 屑芯胁邪 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈, 褔邪褋褌芯 褍 锌褉懈泻谢邪写褨 屑芯卸薪邪 锌芯斜邪褔懈褌懈 胁卸械 蟹邪胁械褉褕械薪薪褟 褌胁芯褉褨胁 褌邪 写芯谢褨 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸褨胁. 袩褉懈 褌芯屑褍 卸芯写薪懈褏 锌芯锌械褉械写卸械薪褜 褍 褌械泻褋褌褨 薪械屑邪褦.
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632 reviews240 followers
July 28, 2020
4.5
O chorobach nie lubi si臋 rozmawia膰, ba!, nawet my艣lenia o nich lepiej unika膰. Ju偶 samo s艂owo "rak" wprowadza do rozmowy zak艂opotanie, zawstydzenie i pewne oszo艂omienie rozm贸wc贸w. M贸wi si臋, 偶e nikt nie zrozumie, czym jest rak i walka z nim (ju偶 metaforyzuj臋 - Sontag du偶o pisze o militarnym kontek艣cie metafor zwi膮zanych z rakiem). I to jest najczystsza prawda. Raka si臋 boimy, o raku nie chcemy rozmawia膰, nie wiemy, jak go komentowa膰. Nie boimy si臋 natomiast o chorych na raka m贸wi膰 za ich plecami. I o tej stygmatyzacji chorych na nowotwory Sontag pisze wiele. O reputacji raka, kt贸ra sprawia, 偶e osoba chora wstydzi si臋 choroby, kr臋puje si臋 o niej wspomina膰, cz臋sto doszukuj膮c si臋 powod贸w, dla kt贸rych to w艂a艣nie ona zapad艂a na t臋 chorob臋 (Sontag pisze o tym w por贸wnaniu z innymi chorobami (np z zawa艂em serca, udarem), przy okazji kt贸rych nie pytamy si臋 Boga czy innego b贸stwa "dlaczego ja?"). Cz臋sto rak pojmowany jest jako kara (za styl 偶ycia, za pope艂nione b艂臋dy, itd), co zakrawa o absurd, a wynika zar贸wno z nieznajomo艣ci wszystkich mechanizm贸w i patogen贸w odpowiedzialnych za rozw贸j choroby, jak i z krzywdz膮cego obrazu samej choroby. Temu rozwojowi Sontag r贸wnie偶 po艣wi臋ca sporo uwagi, koncentruj膮c si臋 na powolno艣ci raka, jego "pe艂zaniu" po ciele, podst臋pno艣ci - kt贸ry to rozw贸j cz臋sto pojawia si臋 w poetyckich por贸wnaniach z rakiem w centrum. Sontag pisze o tym, jak "trudno jest 偶y膰 w 艣wiecie chorych, nie ulegaj膮c uprzedzeniom" - i tak, jak Sontag napisa艂a te eseje bazuj膮c na swoich do艣wiadczaniach (12 lat po diagnozie), tak ja przeczyta艂am je w oparciu o swoje (8 lat po diagnozie i wyleczeniu). I nawet samo "przyznanie si臋" (kt贸re - jak pisze Sontag - z automatu zak艂ada "win臋" chorego) do chorowania powoduje we mnie swego rodzaju skr臋powanie. Zapewniam Was jednak, 偶e zar贸wno Sontag jak i ja mamy odpowiedni do m贸wienia o chorobie dystans i cytuj膮c autork臋 [osoby chore] "s膮 niewolnikami wyobra偶e艅 o tej chorobie, kt贸re na mnie nie mia艂y wi臋kszego wp艂ywu". Opr贸cz raka Sontag po艣wi臋ca najwi臋cej uwagi gru藕licy oraz AIDS, czyli chorobom, kt贸re w przesz艂o艣ci i 贸wcze艣nie (eseje powsta艂y pod koniec lat 70. i 80. XX wieku) stanowi艂y najwi臋ksze zagro偶enie oraz wi膮za艂y si臋 z szerokopoj臋tym l臋kiem. O gru藕licy sporo pisze w kontek艣cie kojarzonej z ni膮 romantyczno艣ci i melancholijno艣ci, co samo w sobie stanowi ciekawy obraz choroby, kt贸ra mimo 偶e prowadzi do 艣mierci (贸wcze艣nie) to daje chorym mo偶liwo艣膰 艂askawszego (w por贸wnaniu z rakiem) sposobu postrzegania choroby i doszukiwania si臋 sensu moralnego 艣mierci. Tych metafor, kt贸re Sontag przywo艂uje i omawia, jest mn贸stwo - pojmowanie choroby jako kary (AIDS w kontek艣cie kary za rozpust臋, rak jako kara za z艂y styl 偶ycia), kojarzenie choroby z tym co cudzoziemskie (obawa przed imigrantami, postrzeganie obcokrajowc贸w jako nosicieli chor贸b), choroba jako element gry polityczno-strategicznej, rak jako konsekwencja z艂o艣ci (i co ciekawe - ta metafora pojawi艂a si臋 w "Honorze" Shafak, kt贸ry czyta艂am w tym samym czasie, czyli z艂o艣膰 pojmowana jako mo偶liwa przyczyna rozwoju raka). Eseje Sontag to intelektualna przyjemno艣膰. To spora dawka koncepcyjnych rozmy艣la艅 o teoretycznym i praktycznym pod艂o偶u, kt贸re 40 i 30 lat p贸藕niej wci膮偶 zdaj膮 si臋 aktualne. Wype艂niona mn贸stwem odniesie艅 do literatury, teorii, medycyny, obyczajowo艣ci, r贸偶nych perspektyw bez id膮cego wraz z nimi ci臋偶aru, kt贸ry cz臋sto towarzyszy tego typu dysertacjom. Dotar艂 do mnie ju偶 kolejny zbi贸r esej贸w Sontag "O fotografii".
Profile Image for Brodie.
20 reviews4 followers
September 16, 2007
Personally I found the first essay, Illness as Metaphor, to be more thought provoking than the second one. In part, while a dodgy argumentative strategy, I found the comparisons and contrasts between tuberculosis and cancer to be very interesting, particularly as I had not read that much about TB in the 19th century.

Sontag's main argument is that our capacity for metaphorical thinking, while mostly a wonderful thing, is generally counter-productive when it comes to thinking about disease. She refers not only to the ways in which "cancer" comes to be used as short-hand for any social malaise, castigated group, or other undesirable trait (which is a more obvious point), but also about the "individualizing" effects of cancer as metaphor.

Her point here is that in certain eras a certain disease becomes densely packed with significance in a way that other diseases do not. Specifically, these meanings revolve around theories of personality and the individual. Referring back to the contrast with TB, during the 19th century, individuals afflicted with TB were thought to be elevated to a higher level of spiritual awareness as a their physical bodies wasted away--consumed by the disease, as it were.

With cancer, the metaphorics of the disease are less flattering. Sontag points to the way that cancer victims (herself included at the time of writing the essay) often ask, "Why me?" This question casts the disease a carrier of a message or meaning about the individual, an answer to the metaphysical question "Why me?" when in fact the disease is nothing more than a disease with a complex etiology. Far from acknowledging this, however, people often turn to factors like personality or psychology to explain "why" that individual has been afflicted with cancer.

Sontag's solution to this is to treat cancer like a scientific fact, not a metaphoric Mercury from the land of meaning. I sometimes wondered if she placed too much faith in our ability to set aside un-reason or reason, particularly where scientific forms of thinking are concerned. She seems to express a confidence in science's ability to clarify its own interpretations and metaphoric ways of thinking.
Profile Image for Iva.
418 reviews45 followers
May 5, 2024
携 锌芯写懈胁懈胁褋褟 薪邪 胁褨写谐褍泻 褖芯写芯 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 锌械褉械泻谢邪写褍, 泄 褔懈褌邪胁 褑褨 褎邪泻褌懈褔薪芯 写胁褨 泻薪懈谐懈 屑芯胁芯褞 芯褉懈谐褨薪邪谢褍, 薪械 褉芯蟹褕褍泻褍褞褔懈 胁懈写邪薪薪褟 胁褨写 袞褍锌邪薪褋褜泻芯谐芯.

袛胁褨 褎褨谢芯褋芯褎褋褜泻褨 锌褉邪褑褨 袟芯薪褌邪覒 - 褑械 芯锌芯胁褨写褜 锌械褉褕 蟹邪 胁褋械 锌褉芯 褉邪泻 (褖芯 斜褍谢芯 写褨邪谐薪芯褋褌芯胁邪薪芯 胁 褋邪屑芯褩 邪胁褌芯褉泻懈), 邪 褌邪泻芯卸 锌褉芯 褔褍屑褍 泄 褌褍斜械褉泻褍谢褜芯蟹 褍 锌械褉褕褨泄, 褨 袙袉袥/小袧袉袛 褌邪 褋懈褎褨谢褨褋 褍 写褉褍谐褨泄 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪褨 锌芯胁'褟蟹邪薪懈褏 屑褨卸 褋芯斜芯褞 褌械屑邪褌懈泻芯褞 锌褉邪褑褜, 褖芯 写懈胁谢褟褌褜褋褟 薪邪 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈 胁 泻芯薪褌械泻褋褌褨 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜薪芯谐芯 屑褨褌褍 锌褉芯 薪懈褏, 蟹邪胁写褟泻懈 褟泻芯屑褍 薪械写褍谐邪 薪邪斜褍胁邪谢邪 谢褞写褋褜泻懈褏 褉懈褋 褔懈 蟹邪斜芯斜芯薪薪芯谐芯 锌芯褟褋薪械薪薪褟 泄 薪邪胁褋锌邪泻 (泄 褌芯 薪邪写褌芯 褔邪褋褌芯) - 谢褞写懈 锌芯褉褨胁薪褞胁邪谢懈褋褜 褨蟹 褏胁芯褉芯斜芯褞 褔懈 褏胁芯褉懈褏 谢褞写械泄 写械屑芯薪褨蟹褍胁邪谢懈.

携泻褖芯 写芯 褌芯谐芯 褟 褔懈褌邪胁 褌褨谢褜泻懈 械褋械褩 袟芯薪褌邪覒 褖芯写芯 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪懈褏 褌胁芯褉褨胁 (褩褩 写械斜褞褌薪褍 蟹斜褨褉泻褍 芦Against Interpretation禄 褟 胁胁邪卸邪褞 薪械芯斜褏褨写薪芯褞 写芯 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪薪褟 斜褍写褜-泻芯屑褍, 褏褌芯 斜邪卸邪褦 锌芯蟹薪邪泄芯屑懈褌懈褋褜 褨蟹 薪械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 邪写械泻胁邪褌薪芯褞, 邪 斜邪 胁蟹褨褉褑械胁芯褞 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪芯褞 泻褉懈褌懈泻芯褞), 褌芯 褔芯屑褍褋褜 泄 胁褨写 褑褨褦褩 泻薪懈谐懈 芯褔褨泻褍胁邪胁 斜褨谢褜褕芯谐芯 械泻褋泻褍褉褋褍 薪械 写芯 褋芯褑褨芯谢芯谐褨褩 泄 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩, 邪 褋邪屑械 写芯 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉懈. 袩芯写械泻褍写懈 褌械蟹懈 蟹 褑褨褦褩 泻薪懈谐懈 屑械薪褨 蟹写邪谢懈褋褜 胁卸械 薪邪写褌芯 薪邪谐褉邪薪懈屑懈, 泄 褌懈屑 薪械 屑械薪褕 芯写薪懈屑 褨蟹 芯褋薪芯胁薪懈褏 褌胁械褉写卸械薪褜 袟芯薪褌邪覒 褦 褌械, 褖芯 褔懈屑 斜褨谢褜褕械 谢褞写褋褌胁芯 写褨蟹薪邪胁邪褌懈屑械褌褜褋褟 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈, 褌懈屑 屑械薪褕械 胁芯薪懈 斜褍写褍褌褜 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹褍胁邪褌懈褋褜 泄 写械屑芯薪褨蟹褍胁邪褌懈褋褜, 胁褌褉邪褔邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 邪褉械芯谢 褋邪泻褉邪谢褜薪芯褋褌懈 泄 锌械褉械褋褌邪胁邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍胁邪褌懈褋褜 褟泻 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈 褍 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪芯屑褍, 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯屑褍 泄 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜薪芯屑褍 写懈褋泻褍褉褋邪褏.

携 褑褨谢泻芯屑 锌芯谐芯写卸褍褞褋褜 褨蟹 褑懈屑, 泄 斜邪 锌芯胁褨胁 斜懈 薪邪胁褨褌褜 写邪谢褨, 邪写卸械 褌邪泻芯褩 卸 褋邪泻褉邪谢褨蟹邪褑褨褩 薪邪斜褍谢邪 泻芯谢懈褋褜 褉邪写褨邪褑褨褟 (褨蟹 褔懈褋谢械薪薪懈屑懈 褋褍锌械褉谐械褉芯褟屑懈, 褖芯 屑邪谢懈 褋谢邪斜泻褨褋褌褜 写芯 胁懈锌褉芯屑褨薪褞胁邪薪薪褟 褔懈 芯褌褉懈屑褍胁邪谢懈 胁褨写 薪褜芯谐芯 褋胁芯褩 褋懈谢懈), 谐械薪械褌懈泻邪 (褌械锌械褉 胁卸械 蟹谐邪写邪褦屑芯 屑褍褌邪薪褌褨胁), 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹芯胁邪薪褨 锌褋懈褏褨褔薪褨 褉芯蟹谢邪写懈 泄 褋褌邪薪懈 (褑褨泻邪胁芯, 褖芯 褍 锌芯褋褌泻芯胁褨写薪褨 褔邪褋懈 屑芯谢芯写褜 胁卸械 薪械 褏懈蟹褍褦褌褜褋褟 写械锌褉械褋懈胁薪懈屑懈 褋褌邪薪邪屑懈, 邪 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 锌褉芯 褕懈蟹芯褎褉械薪褨褞 胁懈褉懈薪邪褞褌褜 蟹 褔邪褋褨胁 褋胁芯谐芯 锌褨泻褍 褍 胁褨褋褨屑写械褋褟褌懈褏-写械胁'褟薪芯褋褌懈褏 写械写邪谢褨 褉褨写褕械).

袟薪邪薪薪褟 - 褋懈谢邪, 泄 褍 褋胁芯褩泄 锌褉邪褑褨 袟芯薪褌邪覒 覒褉褍薪褌芯胁薪邪, 锌芯褋谢褨写芯胁薪邪 泄 锌械褉械泻芯薪谢懈胁邪, 泄 薪邪胁械写械薪褨 薪械褞 锌褉懈泻谢邪写懈 褌邪 褋邪屑邪 屑芯胁邪 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪薪褟 胁泻芯褌褉械 锌械褉械泻芯薪褍褞褌褜 褍 写褍卸械 谐谢懈斜芯泻褨泄 芯褋胁褨褔械薪芯褋褌褨 邪胁褌芯褉泻懈 褍 写芯褋懈褌褜 褕懈褉芯泻芯屑褍 褋锌械泻褌褉褨. 袗 褍褌褨屑, 褋邪屑械 褌褍褌 褨薪芯写褨 褦 芯褔械胁懈写薪懈屑, 褖芯 薪邪 胁褨写屑褨薪褍 胁褨写 褋胁芯褩褏 芦泻褍谢褜褌褍褉芯谢芯谐褨褔薪懈褏禄 锌褉邪褑褜 袟芯薪褌邪覒 芯褉褨褦薪褌褍胁邪谢邪褋褜 薪邪 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 褕懈褉褕褍 邪胁写懈褌芯褉褨褞. 袡屑芯胁褨褉薪芯, 褑械 斜褍谢芯 褋胁芯褦褉褨写薪懈屑 芦泻褉懈泻芯屑 写褍褕褨禄, 邪写卸械 褋邪屑械 胁 泻芯薪褌械泻褋褌褨 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈 屑懈 薪械 屑芯卸械屑芯 胁褨写泻懈薪褍褌懈 邪胁褌芯褉褋褜泻懈泄 写芯褋胁褨写, 泄 褌懈屑 薪械 屑械薪褕 褋邪屑械 蟹 褑褨褦褩 锌褉懈褔懈薪懈 薪械 褍褋褨 褎邪泻褌懈 泄 邪褉谐褍屑械薪褌懈 斜褍写褍褌褜 写谢褟 写械泻芯谐芯 薪芯胁懈屑懈 泄 褋胁褨卸懈屑懈, 胁芯写薪芯褔邪褋 褟泻 褋邪屑 写懈褋泻褍褉褋 薪邪胁泻芯谢芯 褌械屑懈 褦 胁卸械 褉械褌褉芯褋锌械泻褌懈胁薪懈屑 (薪邪 褖邪褋褌褟 写谢褟 褍褋褜芯谐芯 谢褞写褋褌胁邪).

袩褨褋谢褟 褑褜芯谐芯 写谢褟 锌芯写邪谢褜褕芯谐芯 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟 (褖械 泄 锌褨褋谢褟 写芯斜懈褌褌褟 芦袨褉谢邪薪写芯禄) 褋锌褉芯斜褍褞 褋褏芯锌懈褌懈褋褜 蟹邪 芦On Being Ill禄 袙褍谢褎, 褖芯 胁卸械 蟹 邪薪芯褌邪褑褨褩 胁懈谐谢褟写邪褦 褌械卸 褉邪写褕械 褉械褌褉芯褋锌械泻褌懈胁薪芯 褑褨泻邪胁芯褞 (邪写卸械 蟹邪褉邪蟹 邪胁褌芯褉懈 褖械 泄 褟泻 胁锌懈褋褍褞褌褜 褏胁芯褉芯斜褍 写芯 褋胁芯褩褏 薪邪褉邪褌懈胁褨胁), 褌邪 胁褋械 卸 - 褑褨泻邪胁芯褞.
Profile Image for Ensaio Sobre o Desassossego.
385 reviews198 followers
July 28, 2023
"Enquanto uma determinada doen莽a for considerada um predador maldito, invenc铆vel, e n茫o meramente uma doen莽a, a maior parte das pessoas com cancro n茫o poder谩 deixar de se sentir perdida ao descobrir a doen莽a de que sofre." 馃挱

脡 dif铆cil encontrar palavras que fazem justi莽a a este livro. Foi uma experi锚ncia de leitura muito 煤nica para mim e posso afirmar que este livro mudou radicalmente a minha vis茫o.

Nestes dois ensaios, Susan Sontag escreve sobre a forma como a nossa sociedade olha para as doen莽as. Desde a tuberculose, passando pela sida, at茅 ao cancro, n贸s tendemos a olhar para a doen莽a como um castigo, uma maldi莽茫o. A eterna pergunta do "porqu锚 eu?".
O objectivo destes ensaios era fazer com que as pessoas "olhassem o cancro como nada mais que uma doen莽a - muito grave, 茅 certo, mas apenas uma doen莽a. N茫o uma maldi莽茫o, nem um castigo, nem uma vergonha. Sem "significado". E n茫o for莽osamente uma senten莽a de morte (uma das mistifica莽玫es 茅 a de que cancro = morte)."

Sontag escreve ainda como morte e doen莽a est茫o relacionados, como estar doente significa imediatamente pensar em morte. Continuamos a ser uma sociedade com imensas dificuldades em lidar com a morte, e as doen莽as acabam por ter uma conota莽茫o negativa porque est茫o associadas 脿 palavra "morte".

As quest玫es da linguagem sempre me interessaram muito, a forma como tudo s贸 tem o significado que n贸s lhe dermos, como as met谩foras e as alegorias preenchem a nossa vida e n贸s nem damos conta. O significado das palavras 茅 o significado que n贸s, enquanto humanidade, lhes decidimos dar. Ainda hoje, se ouve dizer que alguma coisa "茅 o cancro da hist贸ria" ou "茅 o cancro da pol铆tica". Usam-se as doen莽as como met谩fora para algo maligno.

Pensar criticamente sobre o uso de met谩foras 茅 essencial para n茫o nos deixarmos cair na estigmatiza莽茫o das doen莽as.

Esta 茅 uma perspectiva refrescante, muito longe do olhar pesado que ainda hoje temos do cancro como um bicho-pap茫o. 脡 um livro revolucion谩rio, que mudou completamente a minha perspectiva sobre a doen莽a.
Profile Image for Rubi 鉂�.
80 reviews46 followers
December 7, 2023
Muy interesante lo que dice Susan Sontag

'' Nada hay m谩s punitivo que dar un significado a una enfermedad, significado que resulta invariablemente moralista.''

Me ha gustado much铆simo el ensayo ''La enfermedad y sus met谩foras'' pero luego me pareci贸 que se repet铆an algunos conceptos en el segundo ensayo y eso me aburri贸 en algunos momentos. A pesar de eso, el libro est谩 muy bien escrito.
Profile Image for Franco C谩rcamo.
196 reviews112 followers
March 9, 2023
La premisa de que Susan Sontag escribiera sobre el c谩ncer mientras lo estuviera experimentando me pareci贸 poderos铆sima. Ya no me importaba mucho lo que dijera el ensayo, era el gesto de escribirlo lo que me parec铆a maravilloso. Y quiz谩s por eso esper茅 algo m谩s personal, algo que se lanzara a las profundidades m谩s escabrosas del universo de narraciones y estigmas que se ciernen sobre enfermedades tan pol铆ticas. 驴Pero la verdad? se trata de ensayos bastante literarios, en el sentido de que hacen un recorrido por documentos escritos (novelas, poemas, cartas, discursos) en donde pueden rastrearse universos metaf贸ricos que hasta el d铆a de hoy, pesan sobre las enfermedades virales o m谩s bien catastr贸ficas. Sontag se da hartas vueltas para hablar de la met谩fora militar, la de la peste, o las insinuaciones nefastas de que una enfermedad sea consecuencia de una falta de energ铆a personal. Todo eso est谩. Pero a la hora de hacerle un verdadero corte al tema, me pareci贸 m谩s bien t铆mida, como si lo importante fuera en realidad rastrear estos documentos literarios que hacerle una herida a los discursos. El libro me pareci贸 muy ret贸rico, cuando quiz谩s esper茅 algo m谩s pol铆tico.

El ensayo sobre el sida era el que m谩s me interesaba, quiz谩s porque hab铆an muchas cosas que necesitaba leer. Pero fue el que me pareci贸 m谩s t铆mido. Realmente sent铆 que hab铆a cosas de las que no se quer铆a encargar, y que traz贸 conscientemente una distancia para referirse al tema. Pese a eso, me parece un libro necesario, y quiz谩s todas mis percepciones se deben a que -sorpresa- Sontag escribi贸 el ensayo unos 7 a帽os despu茅s de que empezara la crisis. Eso entrega tambi茅n un panorama muy interesante de qu茅 tan adelante hab铆an llegado las reflexiones m谩s ilustradas sobre el tema. Qu茅 se sab铆a y qu茅 no se sab铆a. Y quiz谩s, qu茅 pod铆amos decir y qu茅 no.
Profile Image for Gabriel Avocado.
277 reviews111 followers
April 6, 2020
In a world where the Wuhan pneumonia has taken the media by storm, where fascism has crept back into relevancy, and where climate change threatens to unleash global catastrophe, I find this book increasingly relevant to our times. Sontag wrote about cancer, then added AIDS to the catagory of "illnesses used as metaphors for bad things." it may seem irrelevant today given medical advances and that HIV is no longer a death sentence. But only yesterday, my country's fascist president declared those with HIV "a burden" on the country. And after reading this, I realize that he's only saying what every good liberal (and even leftists) believe about many illnesses and disabilities.

I brought up the Wuhan pneumonia because it feels almost like there's a scary third world disease playbook people resort to whenever there's a new scary illness out there. It's a plague, according to Sontag, because it punishes the right people, America's dreaded enemies.

I don't believe this book will ever not be relevant. Even more reason to read it today.
Profile Image for Oksana Uskova.
366 reviews72 followers
July 10, 2020
芦袧褨, 屑械写懈褑懈薪褨 薪械 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 斜褍褌懈 "褌芯褌邪谢褜薪芯褞" 薪邪 泻褕褌邪谢褌 胁褨泄薪懈. 孝邪泻芯卸 锌芯胁'褟蟹邪薪邪 蟹褨 小袧袉袛芯屑 泻褉懈蟹邪 薪械 褦 "褌芯褌邪谢褜薪芯褞". 袧邪褋 薪褨褏褌芯 薪械 蟹邪胁芯泄芯胁褍褦. 袗 薪邪褕械 褌褨谢芯 - 薪械 锌芯谢械 斜懈褌胁懈. 袗 褏胁芯褉褨 - 薪械 褟泻褨褋褜 薪械屑懈薪褍褔褨 胁褌褉邪褌懈 褨 薪械 胁芯褉芯谐. 袦懈 - 屑械写懈褑懈薪邪, 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁芯 - 薪械 褍锌芯胁薪芯胁邪卸械薪褨 泻芯薪褌褉邪褌邪泻褍胁邪褌懈 褍褋褨屑邪 屑芯卸谢懈胁懈屑懈 蟹邪褋芯斜邪屑懈... 袗 锌褉芯 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁褍 屑械褌邪褎芯褉褍 褟 褋泻邪蟹邪谢邪 斜, 锌械褉械褎褉邪蟹褍胁邪胁褕懈 袥褍泻褉械褑褨褟: 胁褨写写邪泄褌械 褩褩 胁褨泄薪芯褌胁芯褉褑褟屑禄.

薪邪锌懈褋邪谢邪 写芯褋懈褌褜 覒褉褍薪褌芯胁薪褍, 褏芯褔邪 泄 薪械胁械谢懈泻褍 蟹邪 芯斜褋褟谐芯屑, 锌褉邪褑褞 锌褉芯 啸胁芯褉芯斜褍: 褟泻 屑懈 屑褨褎芯谢芯谐褨蟹褍褦屑芯 褌褍斜械褉泻褍谢褜芯蟹, 褉邪泻, 小袧袉袛, 褋懈褎褨谢褨褋, 锌褉芯泻邪蟹褍 褌邪 褔褍屑褍; 褟泻 谢械泻褋懈泻邪, 褟泻褍 屑懈 胁卸懈胁邪褦屑芯 褋褌芯褋芯胁薪芯 褑懈褏 褏胁芯褉芯斜, 邪斜芯 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌邪薪薪褟 啸胁芯褉芯斜懈 褍 褟泻芯褋褌褨 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈 - 锌械褉械褌胁芯褉褞褦 褏胁芯褉褍 谢褞写懈薪褍 薪邪 胁芯褉芯谐邪 邪斜芯 褨褋褌芯褌褍 褨薪褕芯谐芯 锌芯褉褟写泻褍. "袙褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈泄" 谢械泻褋懈泻芯薪 锌褉芯褌懈 啸胁芯褉芯斜懈 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 胁懈泻芯褉懈褋褌芯胁褍胁邪褌懈褋褟 褨 锌褉芯褌懈 啸胁芯褉芯谐芯.

袟芯薪褌邪覒 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 蟹 写邪谢械泻褍: 褌褍斜械褉泻褍谢褜芯蟹 褌邪 褉邪泻, 褟泻褨 褨褋褌芯褉懈褔薪芯 泄写褍褌褜 斜褨泻-芯-斜褨泻. 袥褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪邪 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹邪褑褨褟 褏胁芯褉芯谐芯 薪邪 褌褍斜械褉泻褍谢褜芯蟹, 薪邪写邪薪薪褟 泄芯屑褍 锌械胁薪懈褏 褉懈褋 - 械谢褨褌邪褉薪芯褋褌褨, "褌胁芯褉褔芯褋褌褨", 褔褍褌褌褦胁芯褋褌褨 褍 18-19 褋褌... 褉邪泻 - "褏胁芯褉芯斜邪 谢褞写械泄, 褟泻褨 褋褌褉懈屑褍褞褌褜 锌芯褔褍褌褌褟"... 褏芯谢械褉邪, 褟泻邪 褦 "锌褉芯泻谢褟褌褌褟屑 斜褉褍写褍" - 褍褋褟 褌邪 薪褨褋械薪褨褌薪懈褑褟, 褟泻邪 褋褌芯谢褨褌褌褟屑懈 锌懈褋邪谢邪褋褟 褍 屑械写懈褔薪懈褏 褌褉邪泻褌邪褌邪褏 褌邪 锌械褉械写邪胁邪谢邪褋褟 斜邪斜褑褟屑懈 薪邪 斜邪蟹邪褉褨 - 褋褌胁芯褉懈谢懈 褋褌褨泄泻褨 屑褨褎懈 褌邪 褋褌械褉械芯褌懈锌懈 锌褉芯 褑褨 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈. 袚芯胁芯褉褟褔懈 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉褍 谢褞写懈薪褍, 屑懈 蟹邪斜褍胁邪褦屑芯 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌懈 锌褉芯 谢褞写懈薪褍, 邪 谐芯胁芯褉懈屑芯 褌褨谢褜泻懈 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜褍, 屑懈 胁褨写写褨谢褟褦屑芯 褏胁芯褉芯谐芯 胁褨写 褋芯褑褨褍屑褍, 蟹邪锌懈褋褍褦屑芯 泄芯谐芯 褍 褌邪斜褨褉 "褨薪褕懈褏", 褋褌胁芯褉褞褦屑芯 锌褉褨褉胁褍 屑褨卸 蟹写芯褉芯胁懈屑懈 褌邪 褏胁芯褉懈屑懈. 些芯 胁卸械 泻邪蟹邪褌懈 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉懈褏 薪邪 褋懈褎褨谢褨褋 褌邪 小袧袉袛 - 褋邪屑褨 褑褨 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈 薪械褋褍褌褜 胁褨写斜懈褌芯泻 "胁懈薪薪芯褋褌褨" 褌邪 "谐邪薪械斜薪芯褋褌褨" 褌懈褏, 褏褌芯 薪邪 薪懈褏 蟹邪褏胁芯褉褨胁. 啸胁芯褉芯斜邪 褌褍褌 胁卸械 胁懈褋褌褍锌邪褦 褟泻 锌芯泻邪褉邪薪薪褟. 袟芯薪褌邪覒 卸械 蟹邪褋褌械褉械卸褍褦 胁褨写 屑芯褉邪谢褨蟹邪褌芯褉褋褌胁邪 薪邪写 褏胁芯褉芯斜芯褞, 胁褨写 褉芯蟹写褨谢械薪薪褟 褏胁芯褉懈褏 褌邪 蟹写芯褉芯胁懈褏, 胁褨写 锌械褉械褌胁芯褉械薪薪褟 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈 褌邪 褏胁芯褉芯谐芯 薪邪 胁芯褉芯谐邪.

笑械 褌褉芯褕泻懈 薪邪褍泻芯胁邪 锌褉邪褑褟, 写械 写芯褋谢褨写卸褍褦褌褜褋褟 芯斜褉邪蟹懈 褏胁芯褉芯斜 褍 褋胁褨褌芯胁褨泄 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉褨, 褌褉芯褕泻懈 褎褨谢芯褋芯褎褋褜泻邪 锌褉邪褑褟, 写械 薪械芯写薪芯褉邪蟹芯胁芯 蟹胁褍褔邪褌褜 蟹邪褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟 谢褞写褋褌胁褍, 褌褉芯褕泻懈 泻褉懈泻 胁褨写褔邪褞 - 小褜褞蟹械薪 袟芯薪褌邪覒 薪邪锌懈褋邪谢邪 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 锌褨写 褔邪褋 胁谢邪褋薪芯谐芯 谢褨泻褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁褨写 褉邪泻褍.

P.S. 袉 胁褨褉褍褋懈, 褨 械锌褨写械屑褨褩 - 褌邪泻芯卸 薪械 斜褍谢懈 蟹邪斜褍褌褨 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈褑械褞.

芦孝邪泻 褋邪屑芯 褟泻 褍 锌'褦褋褨 效邪锌械泻邪, 谐械褉芯褩 褉芯屑邪薪褍 袣邪屑褞 胁懈褋谢芯胁谢褞褞褌褜 写褍屑泻褍 锌褉芯 薪械泄屑芯胁褨褉薪褨褋褌褜 锌芯褟胁懈 褔褍屑懈 胁 啸啸 褋褌芯褉褨褔褔褨... 薪邪褔械 胁褨褉邪 褍 薪械屑芯卸谢懈胁褨褋褌褜 褌邪泻芯褩 斜褨写懈 胁 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯屑褍, 胁 褌械, 褖芯 胁芯薪邪 薪械 屑芯卸械 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 斜褨谢褜褕械 褋褌邪褌懈褋褟, 芯蟹薪邪褔邪褦, 褖芯 胁芯薪邪 褌邪泻懈 屑褍褋懈褌褜 褋褌邪褌懈褋褟禄.

芦袣邪褌邪泻谢褨蟹屑 薪邪斜褍胁 褎芯褉屑懈 褌邪泻芯谐芯 褋芯斜褨 写芯胁卸械谢械蟹薪芯谐芯 褋械褉褨邪谢褍: 薪械 "袣邪褌邪泻谢褨蟹屑懈 褍卸械 褌械锌械褉", 邪 "袣邪褌邪泻谢褨蟹屑懈 胁褨写褌械锌械褉 - 褨 薪邪写邪谢褨". 袣邪褌邪泻谢褨蟹屑 褋褌邪胁 锌芯写褨褦褞, 褖芯 胁褨写斜褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟, 胁褨写斜褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 褨 薪褨褟泻 薪械 胁褨写斜褍写械褌褜褋褟禄.
Profile Image for Nada Elshabrawy.
Author听3 books9,231 followers
July 16, 2019
兀毓鬲賯丿 賴賷賰賵賳 兀賮囟賱 賯乇丕卅鬲賴 亘丿賱賸丕 賲賳 丕賱廿爻鬲賲丕毓 廿賱賷賴.
Profile Image for Sam Albert.
111 reviews8 followers
March 10, 2025
This is probably the most brilliant, well-written, incisive, prognostic, and cohesive piece of nonfiction I've ever read. We should all try to be as astute and clever as Susan Sontag; the world might make just a bit more sense if she or more people like her were still around :/

I tried to pull an excerpt that best summarizes just how expansive her logic and critique are but failed to do so because everything about it felt noteworthy and also extremely context-dependent, a facet of good writing that contemporary critics somehow have lost in the pursuit of the easily digestible, viral-ready style of writing that is definitely making us dumber and more vulnerable to group-think across the political spectrum. This was just pure brilliance, and what a joy that it's relevant to my thesis!!! Happy Sam 馃榾馃榾馃榾馃榾
Profile Image for Mehrsa.
2,245 reviews3,600 followers
April 21, 2019
Fascinating musings about the use of cancer, Aids, and in the past Tuberculosis as a metaphor for ills in society and morals. It is not a linear argument, but just a lot of interesting connections. It made me think of Emperor of all Maladies, the biography of cancer. He uses cancer as a metaphor there--about the fears and alienation of our current society.
Profile Image for 谢褨写邪 谢褨褋芯胁邪.
278 reviews68 followers
July 11, 2024
泻褉褍褌邪 褨写械褟 泄 褍褌褨谢械薪薪褟, 褏芯褔 褌械屑邪 屑械薪褨 薪械 斜谢懈蟹褜泻邪. 锌邪褉邪谢械谢褜薪芯 锌芯写懈胁懈谢邪褋褟 "邪薪褨谐褨谢褟褑褨褞" 邪谢械泻褋邪 覒邪褉谢械薪写邪 (褟泻褍, 斜褍胁邪褦, 褌褉邪泻褌褍褞褌褜 褟泻 褨褋褌芯褉褨褞 锌褉芯 褉邪泻, 写芯 褉械褔褨), 写褍卸械 褑褨谢褨褋薪懈泄 胁懈泄褕芯胁 写芯褋胁褨写.

褌械锌械褉 褏芯褔褍 褌邪泻褨 泻薪懈谐懈:
薪械写芯褋懈锌邪薪薪褟 褨 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈
泻邪薪邪斜褨褋 褨 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈
褋薪褨谐 褨 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈
蟹械屑谢褟 褨 褩褩 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈
褋褌械锌 褨 泄芯谐芯 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈
Profile Image for Rahil Fallahfar.
24 reviews17 followers
March 23, 2020
讴鬲丕亘 丿毓賵鬲蹖 丕爻鬲賴 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賳 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕 丿乇 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴丕貙 禺氐賵氐丕賸 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘丕乇 爻賳诏蹖賳蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇賲丕賳 乇賵蹖 丿賵卮 亘蹖賲丕乇 賲蹖 诏匕丕乇丿.貙 乇賵蹖讴乇丿蹖 囟丿賾 鬲賮爻蹖乇 丕賲丕 丌賳賯丿乇 賮氐賵賱 丕賵賱 讴賴 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕乇丕 賲乇賵乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 噩匕丕亘 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 亘毓丿卮 亘丕蹖丿 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲乇丕賯亘 亘丕卮賲 丿乇 丿丕賲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲毓丕乇賴 賴丕 賳蹖賮鬲賲.
:)
Profile Image for Clara Morales.
Author听6 books85 followers
November 28, 2023
Cu谩nto me sorprende siempre la capacidad de producir buen pensamiento en marcha. Cuando digo "en marcha" me refiero a escribir cuando a煤n se est谩n desarrollando los acontecimientos de los que se habla, cuando no es posible tener perspectiva y ni siquiera se alcanza a ver el final de aquello sobre lo que se piensa. Y cuando digo "buen pensamiento" me refiero a ideas bien esbozadas, certeras, que sirven para comprender la realidad y que resisten el paso del tiempo. En esto 煤ltimo, El sida y sus met谩foras (1988) sale mejor parado que La enfermedad y sus met谩foras (1978), pero no exactamente por culpa de la autora: como ella misma reconoce en el primero, las met谩foras sobre el c谩ncer no tardaron en cambiar; sin embargo, las asociadas al sida permanecieron durante mucho m谩s tiempo, y a煤n est谩n vigentes.

Quiz谩s como una prueba obvia de que un "buen pensamiento" efectivamente lo es podemos tomar el hecho de que unas d茅cadas m谩s tardes algunas de las ideas de Sontag nos parecen obvias. Claro que la asociaci贸n de sida a peste implica recurrir a la vieja visi贸n de la enfermedad como castigo; claro que culpar al enfermo de su propia enfermedad impide que este reciba "todo el cuidado que merece un enfermo, ese cuidado digno del noble nombre de medicina". Claro que el sida conjura a la vez la culpa de un grupo minoritario con la amenaza de destrucci贸n total de una civilizaci贸n "inocente". No estaba tan claro entonces. Y no solo eso, sino que su manera de exponer estas ideas (esta forma de asistir al nacimiento de este "buen pensamiento") las hace relumbrar como si se leyeran por primera vez. Adem谩s, y creo que esto ser铆a m谩s relevante a煤n en el momento de su publicaci贸n original, es pedag贸gico y se lee f谩cilmente. Qu茅 t铆a.
Profile Image for maryna 鈽�.
100 reviews8 followers
December 9, 2024
芦袗 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁褍 屑械褌邪褎芯褉褍 褟 褋泻邪蟹邪谢邪 斜, 锌械褉械褎褉邪蟹褍胁邪胁褕懈 袥褍泻褉械褑褨褟: 胁褨写写邪泄褌械 胁褨泄薪芯褌胁芯褉褑褟屑禄.

小谢芯胁芯屑, 胁邪卸谢懈胁懈泄 褌械泻褋褌 锌褉芯 褌械, 褔芯屑褍 薪邪屑 褌褉械斜邪 胁褨写屑芯胁懈褌懈褋褟 胁褨写 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 屑械褌邪褎芯褉 褍 褉芯蟹屑芯胁邪褏 锌褉芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜懈. 袦械褌邪褎芯褉懈蟹邪褑褨褟 胁械写械 写芯 褋褌懈谐屑邪褌懈蟹邪褑褨褩 褑懈褏 褏胁芯褉芯斜 褨 褌邪胁褉褍胁邪薪薪褟 褏胁芯褉懈褏. 孝芯屑褍 芦小袧袉袛 锌褉懈薪芯褋懈褌褜 斜邪谐邪褌褜芯屑 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪褍 褋屑械褉褌褜 褖械 写芯 褩褏薪褜芯褩 褎褨蟹懈褔薪芯褩 褋屑械褉褌褨禄.

袦褨褎芯谢芯谐褨蟹邪褑褨褟 褏胁芯褉芯斜 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褦 锌褉芯胁懈薪褍 薪邪 褏胁芯褉芯谐芯, 斜芯 卸 芦锌芯屑褉械 褌褨谢褜泻懈 褌芯泄, 褏褌芯 斜邪卸邪褦 胁屑械褉褌懈, 写谢褟 泻芯谐芯 卸懈褌褌褟 薪械褋褌械褉锌薪械禄 褨 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 泻芯卸械薪 屑芯卸械 蟹褑褨谢懈褌懈 褋械斜械 褋邪屑, 薪褍 邪斜芯 卸 褔械褉械蟹 锌芯褋械褉械写薪懈泻褨胁-褕邪屑邪薪褨胁 褨蟹 薪械褌褉邪写懈褑褨泄薪芯褩 屑械写懈褑懈薪懈. 馃檪

芦啸邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪芯褞 褉懈褋芯褞 蟹胁懈褔邪泄薪芯谐芯 芯锌懈褋褍 褔褍屑懈 褦 褌械, 褖芯 褏胁芯褉芯斜邪 薪械蟹屑褨薪薪芯 锌褉懈褏芯写懈褌褜 蟹 褨薪褕芯谐芯 屑褨褋褑褟禄, 屑懈 屑邪褦屑芯 锌芯褌褉械斜褍 锌芯写邪褌懈 褋褌褉邪褕薪褍 褏胁芯褉芯斜褍 褟泻 褔褍卸芯蟹械屑薪褍.

袟胁褨写褋懈 蟹胁始褟蟹芯泻 屑褨卸 褏胁芯褉芯斜芯褞 褌邪 芦褔褍卸懈屑懈禄. 芦袥褞写懈薪邪, 褖芯 蟹邪斜褉褍写薪褞褦, 蟹邪胁卸写懈 薪械锌褉邪胁邪. 袉褋褌懈薪芯褞 斜褍写械 褨 蟹胁芯褉芯褌薪械: 谢褞写懈薪邪, 锌褉芯 褟泻褍 褨褋薪褍褞褌褜 褋褍写卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 胁芯薪邪 薪械锌褉邪胁邪, 胁胁邪卸邪褦褌褜褋褟 褖芯薪邪泄屑械薪褕械 锌芯褌械薪褑褨泄薪懈屑 写卸械褉械谢芯屑 蟹邪斜褉褍写薪械薪薪褟禄.

孝芯屑褍 械锌褨写械屑褨褩 褔邪褋褌芯 谐褉邪谢懈 薪邪 褉褍泻褍 锌芯谢褨褌懈泻邪屑-褕芯胁褨薪褨褋褌邪屑-泻褋械薪芯褎芯斜邪屑, 褟泻褨 蟹 褔懈褋褌懈屑 褋褍屑谢褨薪薪褟屑 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪谢懈 胁褨写锌芯胁褨写邪谢褜薪褨褋褌褜 蟹邪 褏胁芯褉芯斜褍 薪邪 薪械薪邪胁懈褋薪懈褏 "褔褍卸懈褏" 褌邪 "褨薪褕懈褏".
Profile Image for Shivani.
196 reviews48 followers
June 27, 2018
Sontag came up in two of my recent reads. In Mukherjee's for her views on cancer and for her "Notes on Camp". And somehow I decided to try her out.

image:

I quite liked Illness as Metaphor. AIDS and Its Metaphors not so much. But over all I could get through without any loss of interest.

If you think that the book talks about defusing illness through metaphors, you are DEAD WRONG. The title may give that suggestion, but it is far from truth. We often come across terms like "Society is plagued..", "..is a cancerous vice", "..has crippled the administration" etc. etc. We have been bombarded by such laments to an extent that we have become inured to them. But something even more important skips us by. In its attempt to be morally severe and indignant human society has essentially given meanings to illnesses. And Sontag, a cancer patient herself, admitted..

鈥淚t was the discovery of the stigmatization of people who have cancer that led me to write Illness as Metaphor.鈥�

Sontag elaborates on different metaphorical interpretations: How TB and insanity were romanticised for associations with passion, aggravated consciousness and artistic sensitivity. How Cancer metaphors drawn from language of warfare turn out to be demoralizing and reminiscent of fighting a losing battle. How diseases with sexual license (syphilis and AIDS) get attached with metaphors evoking shame and guilt. She quite systematically goes about revealing the dire effects of such metaphorical associations. According to Sontag, metaphors are two-way roads.

鈥淔irst, the subjects of deepest dread (corruption, decay, pollution, anomie, weakness) are identified with the disease. The disease itself becomes a metaphor. Then, in the name of the disease (that is, using it as a metaphor), that horror is imposed on other things. The disease becomes adjectival. Something is said to be disease-like, meaning that it is disgusting or ugly鈥�.

And once these metaphors become prevalent they stick for considerable lengths of time. TB may have devolved back to a bacterial infection (owing its demystification to scientific discovery of cause and treatment), but there is no denying the fact that it was practically hailed as a "much-desired" affliction (apparently being tubercular made one more artistic and was considered a sign of refinement) as late as mid-20th century. No wonder most of the classics tend to off their characters with consumption. (It irks me to no end though 銉�(缚鈻�)锞� They just start coughing and die within a chapter or two.)

Syphilis, and later AIDS, became synonymous with pollution. They became markers of licentiousness and reinforced stigma surrounding their venereal origins. They entail harsher judgements on those infected and give rise to bizarre unfounded fantasies.

鈥淕etting the disease through a sexual practice is thought to be more willful, therefore deserves more blame.鈥�

On the other hand, the language used in cancer diagnosis (invasive, mutative, combative, resistant) and treatment (bombardment with radiation) recalls to mind the horrors of destruction. But such a destruction when visualised within one's body serves to amplify the depression and hopelessness. Cancer metaphors invoke an image of bodily rebellion and betrayal. While none of the aspects of cancer can be romanticized like TB, it can definitely be kept from becoming mentally agonizing.

Sontag says,

鈥淭he metaphors have to be exposed, criticized, belabored, used up.鈥�

As long as a disease continues to be treated as an evil, it will only add to the suffering of the afflicted. Which is true and there is a dire need to rectify the conception of the disease and to de-mythicize it. Just stopping the use of metaphors would be a Herculean task. After all, old habits die hard. Dissociating the entrenched metaphorical thoughts from their disease analogies is easier said than done. What we project on diseases ultimately ends up projected onto the world. The world and by extension life seems bleak. Hemmed both physically (due to symptoms) and mentally (due to stigmas), a patient ends up getting doubly injured. And more often than not, the mind gives in before the body does.

What Sontag wished for is a direct tackling of the disease itself. A view of diseases unencumbered by meanings and conducive to discussions about life and death. The medical advancements have negated some of the thought processes that went in these books. Shame and blame have reduced if not completely reasoned away. And no one in present times would entertain any disease myths, romantic or otherwise. No wonder humanity has come quite far. And while it is true, that epidemics and pandemics have interspersed the history and would continue to do so, what is required is a focused crack down. Without fear and prejudice, with the sole aim of being ill in the healthiest possible way.
Profile Image for Mehmet B.
258 reviews20 followers
July 15, 2022
Metaforlar谋n hastal谋klarla, 枚zellikle kanserle ve AIDS'le ili艧kisinin s枚yleme etkisi 眉zerine zihin a莽谋c谋 bir kitap. Toplumsal sapmalar谋n hastal谋k say谋lmas谋 ve her hastal谋臒谋n psikolojik d眉zeyde ele al谋nabilece臒i yan谋lg谋lar谋 su莽u hastaya y谋kman谋n ara莽lar谋d谋r. "Hastal谋klara zihinsel durumlar谋n yol a莽t谋臒谋 ve bu y眉zden irade g眉c眉yle iyile艧tirilebilecekleri 艧eklindeki teoriler, her zaman i莽in, bir hastal谋臒谋n fiziksel kayna臒谋n谋n ne kadar anla艧谋lamad谋臒谋n谋n bir g枚stergesidir."

Hastal谋klar谋n nedenleri anla艧谋ld谋k莽a (bakteriler, mikroplar, genetik nedenler) psikolojik a莽谋klamalar谋n ge莽erlili臒i ortadan kalksa da izleri g眉n眉m眉z toplumunda da devam etmektedir.
"Sebepleri hen眉z ayd谋nlat谋lmam谋艧 olan, bu y眉zden tedavisi de genellikle etkisiz kalan her 枚nemli hastal谋k, bir anlam ak谋nt谋s谋n谋n 枚n眉nde s眉r眉klenmeye e臒ilimlidir."
Hastal谋klarla ilgili imgeler, hastal谋臒谋n yayg谋n g枚r眉ld眉臒眉 d枚nemin olumsuz kabul edilen kavramlar谋yla a莽谋klan谋r.T眉berk眉loz 19.y眉zy谋l homo economicus'unun olumsuz davran谋艧lar谋n谋 枚zetleyen imgeler olan t眉ketme, israf, ya艧ama g眉c眉n眉n bast谋r谋lmas谋 ile tarif edilirken, kanser de 20. y眉zy谋l谋n olumsuz davran谋艧lar谋 olan anormal b眉y眉me, enerjinin bast谋r谋lmas谋, yani enerjinin t眉ketilmesine ya da harcanmas谋na imkan tan谋nmamas谋 眉zerinden tarif ediliyordu.

Kanser metaforlar谋 (invazyon, kolonizasyon, radikal cerrahi, v眉cut taramas谋, radyoaktif 谋艧谋n bombard谋man谋, kanserli h眉crelerin 枚ld眉r眉lmesi vb) sava艧 dilinden se莽ilmi艧tir. Sontag, hastal谋klar谋n bu metafor y眉kl眉 dilden ar谋nd谋r谋lmas谋n谋, bu kavramlar谋n baz谋lar谋na (枚rne臒in ba臒谋艧谋kl谋k savunma sistemi yerine ba臒谋艧谋kl谋k yeterlili臒i) ba艧ka adland谋rmalar 枚neriyor.

Covid-19 salg谋n谋ndan y谋llarca 枚nce yazd谋臒谋 kitapta Susan Sontag, end眉striyel kirlenmenin etkileri ve k眉resel fimasn piyasalar谋 gibi AIDS (ya da enfeksiyon hastal谋klar谋) krizleri de, 枚nem ta艧谋yan hi莽bir 艧eyin b枚lgesel, yerel, s谋n谋rl谋 kalmad谋臒谋; dola艧谋ma giren her艧eyin ve her meselenin d眉nya 莽ap谋nda nitelik kazand谋臒谋, ya da er ge莽 kazanaca臒谋 bir d眉nyan谋n kan谋t谋 oldu臒unu s枚yl眉yor.

Sontag, son pandemiyi g枚rmedi ama s枚ylediklerinin g眉ncelli臒i hi莽 de臒i艧memi艧 g枚r眉n眉yor. Covid-19 salg谋n谋n谋 da, AIDS gibi "global k枚y眉n distopyac谋 m眉jdecisi" olarak tarif edebilirdi.
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