Hans Fallada, born Rudolf Wilhelm Adolf Ditzen in Greifswald, was one of the most famous German writers of the 20th century. His novel, Little Man, What Now? is generally considered his most famous work and is a classic of German literature. Fallada's pseudonym derives from a combination of characters found in the Grimm fairy tales: The protagonist of Lucky Hans and a horse named Falada in The Goose Girl.
He was the child of a magistrate on his way to becoming a supreme court judge and a mother from a middle-class background, both of whom shared an enthusiasm for music and to a lesser extent, literature. Jenny Williams notes in her biography, More Lives than One that Fallada's father would often read aloud to his children the works authors including Shakespeare and Schiller (Williams, 5).
In 1899 when Fallada was 6, his father relocated the family to Berlin following the first of several promotions he would receive. Fallada had a very difficult time upon first entering school in 1901. As a result, he immersed himself in books, eschewing literature more in line with his age for authors including Flaubert, Dostoyevsky, and Dickens. In 1909 the family relocated to Leipzig following his father's appointment to the Imperial Supreme Court.
A rather severe road accident in 1909 (he was run over by a horse-drawn cart, then kicked in the face by the horse) and the contraction of typhoid in 1910 seem to mark a turning point in Fallada's life and the end of his relatively care-free youth. His adolescent years were characterized by increasing isolation and self-doubt, compounded by the lingering effects of these ailments. In addition, his life-long drug problems were born of the pain-killing medications he was taking as the result of his injuries. These issues manifested themselves in multiple suicide attempts. In 1911 he made a pact with his close friend, Hanns Dietrich, to stage a duel to mask their suicides, feeling that the duel would be seen as more honorable. Because of both boys' inexperience with weapons, it was a bungled affair. Dietrich missed Fallada, but Fallada did not miss Dietrich, killing him. Fallada was so distraught that he picked up Dietrich's gun and shot himself in the chest, but miraculously survived. Nonetheless, the death of his friend ensured his status as an outcast from society. Although he was found innocent of murder by way of insanity, from this point on he would serve multiple stints in mental institutions. At one of these institutions, he was assigned to work in a farmyard, thus beginning his lifelong affinity for farm culture.
While in a sanatorium, Fallada took to translation and poetry, albeit unsuccessfully, before finally breaking ground as a novelist in 1920 with the publication of his first book Young Goedeschal. During this period he also struggled with morphine addiction, and the death of his younger brother in the first World War.
In the wake of the war, Fallada worked several farmhand and other agricultural jobs in order to support himself and finance his growing drug addictions. Before the war, Fallada relied on his father for financial support while writing; after the German defeat he was no longer able, nor willing, to depend on his father's assistance. Shortly after the publication of Anton and Gerda, Fallada reported to prison in Greiswald to serve a 6-month sentence for stealing grain from his employer and selling it to support his drug habit. Less than 3 years later, in 1926, Fallada again found himself imprisoned as a result of a drug and alcohol-fueled string of thefts from employers. In February 1928 he finally emerged free of addiction.
Fallada married Suse Issel in 1929 and maintained a string of respectable jobs in journalism, working for newspapers and eventually for the publisher of his novels, Rowohlt. It is around this time that his novels became noticeably political and started to comment
Hans Fallada is the pen name of Rudolf Ditzen. At the age of 18, Ditzen and a friend went out in the countryside and, in the manner of duellists, fired guns at each other over some adolescent sexual rutting. The friend missed, but Ditzen's aim was true. Taking his friend's gun, Ditzen shot himself in the chest, but survived. For the first of many times, Ditzen was committed to a sanatorium for the mentally ill. Released, Ditzen turned to alcohol and narcotics. This didn't stop him from becoming a successful novelist. Perhaps it helped? His 1932 novel Little Man, What Now was a popular success and Hollywood turned it into a film. Hitler spurned him though, because of the Jewish producers of the film. His drinking and drug use increased, he became more unstable, and was committed to a Nazi insane asylum. There, he wrote the novel The Drinker, not published until 1950 (and now on my Mount TBR). The war ended; Ditzen was released from the asylum, but he was now a dying man. A friend gave him the file of a middle-aged couple who began leaving handwritten anti-Nazi notes after the wife's brother died in combat. IN 24 DAYS Ditzen wrote Every Man Dies Alone based on their story. 24 DAYS!
He died before it was published, a morphine overdose. It was not translated and published here until 2009.
You may turn your head, thinking this is just more Holocaust literature. But turn back because this is special. Otto and Anna Quangel are special. The basis of the story is admittedly small because the crime is small: writing anti-Nazi postcards and dropping them in random stairwells. Anna asks, "Isn't this thing that you're wanting to do, isn't is a bit small, Otto?" Otto tells her, "Whether it's big or small, Anna, if they get wind of it, it'll cost us our lives."
And so we are sold.
Anna and Otto are surrounded by many characters though. And that is the brilliance of the novel. Each character, however small, becomes important, definitional. Let me share just one: "the doctor", who is really a symphony conductor. He shares a cell with Otto. He is not exactly Otto's kind of guy. But the doctor grows on him. The doctor is forbidden to sing. So he hums. Outside, during their morning walk....
Quangel got used to listening to this humming. Whatever his poor opinion of music, he did notice its effect on him. Sometimes it made him feel strong and brave enough to endure any fate, and then Reichhardt would say, "Beethoven." Sometimes it made him bafflingly lighthearted and cheerful, which he had never been in his life, and then Reichhardt would say, "Mozart," and Quangel would forget all about his worries. And sometimes the sounds emanating from the doctor were dark and heavy, and Quangel would feel a pain in his chest, and it would be as though he was a little boy again sitting in church with his mother, with something grand--the whole of life--ahead of him, and then Reichhardt would say, "Johann Sebastien Bach."
What amazed me, and why I led off with the author's life story, is that this is not simply a genre of a book; it's not just a book about WWII or Nazis or an anti-Nazi movement. This is superb craftsmanship. Written in 1947, there is nothing dated about it. Perhaps that's the wonderful translation. (Although there are numerous ghastly typos, which I do not count against the author or translator). It feels timely, immediate.
By way of post-script, here are just two things I learned from this book:
First, a proverb: He who has butter on his head should not go out in the sun. True that.
And second, under the Racial Purity Laws, all Jewish women in Nazi Germany had to change their first names to "Sara" and all Jewish men had to change their names to "Israel".
But this is a book about simple people, like Philip Roth's Al Gionfriddo, "A little man, Doctor, who once did a very great thing."
Who would have thought that the novel concerning middle-aged couple dropping postcards on stairwells of random buildings would be so thrilling. But make no mistake. They were not ordinary cards. They carried on their surface some home truths and it was reason enough to give your head to executioner. Alone in Berlin or Every man dies alone reads like first-rate thriller though it鈥檚 something more. It鈥檚 a record, a meticulous one, of awakening and refusal. Awakening of spirit and refusal to be part of murderous and inhuman system anymore. It had its roots in personal matters at first place but it quickly became something bigger.
There are so many things the story so strongly resonates with readers. It was written shortly after the war ended and has an air of something to be closest to depictured events and the fact it was based on police reports gives it even more authenticity. The other reason is Fallada鈥檚 style. Sometimes it feels very unsophisticated, unpolished even. Maybe it鈥檚 his own unique voice or perhaps the effect he wrote it in barely three weeks. And third reason and maybe the most important is the novel is based on true events and Fallada changed only some details.
Literary Anna and Otto Quangel are based on Elise and Otto Hampel鈥� case. The married couple through almost two years were delivering hand-wrote cards calling people to resistance against the Third Reich. After arresting they were tried for high treason and executed on April 1943. There are facts and the novel is fictionalized account of their life with some rather cosmetic changes.
It鈥檚 captivating and fascinating story and though I knew the outcome from the start I loved reading it. There was something touching in the way Anna and Otto, this seemingly cold and remote Otto, were discussing their deed and how they imagined their cards circulating among people, making its way through factories to open people鈥� eyes. One could say it鈥檚 naivety from their part to think such an action could bring collapse of Nazism. One could even shrug their shoulders on unimportance of their doings but in the long run consequences were deadly serious. Hans Fallada brilliantly evoked an atmosphere of growing horror and menace, constant terror, Gestapo agents and people turned into snoopers that for fear or money were spying their families and neighbours. He created unforgettable protagonists both these heroic and mean-spirited as well, and some of them in best Dickensian manner.
Anna and Otto Quangel are neither young nor rebellious and in the beginning even not very hostile to Nazi politics. Hardly heroic material, indeed. The moment Otto Quangel finds out how many from over two hundred postcards he wrote with his untrained hand really reached its readers is truly heartbreaking. You may say their action brought only danger to them and people they cared for without much effect. You can't be more wrong. Even the smallest stone can turn the course of avalanche.
A great novel about the resistance by an ordinary, working class, and barely literate couple against Nazism, that's basically the fictionalised true story of Otto and Elise Hampel, whose incredible story should be as known as the White Rose movement's since they were doing practically the same thing: subversive distribution of anti-Nazi leaflets. Or cards, in the case of the Quangels, as the Hampels are called here.
I was a bit uncomfortable with the classist undertone you can detect if you pay enough attention, because Otto and Anna Quangel, like Otto and Elise Hampel, are poor, have a modest job in a manual trade (carpentry), and didn't get a refined education, which is the reason the anti-Nazi cards they distributed aren't as wordy or rousing or philosophical as the Scholls' leaflets, who were from a higher class and very intellectual. The Hampels' cards even had spelling errors! But is that enough to sneer at them and look down one's nose at them? I don't think so. If all the difference between them and the White Rose is the presence of pretty words instead of moral equivalency of their actions, then there's a serious need to reconsider one's assessment of right and wrong. I'm glad that Hans Fallada got over his initial prejudice and decided to honour the Hampels for their courage, but still, the discomfort of this classism left a sour aftertaste for me, though not enough to hinder my enjoyment of this novel. Very recommended!
Hans Fallada has written an astonishing but ultimately tragic novel of German resistance to Nazism and the ever formidable Third Reich inferno, and I was stunned to learn it took something like 60 years for it's first English publication, and was penned in less than a month. Also Fallada could have escaped Germany; as a man whose books had been banned by the Nazis, and who had spent time in prison and psychiatric institutions as a result of a drug addiction, he should have got out. But if his inability to tear himself away from his homeland took a fearsome personal toll, it also enabled him to convey with chilling precision the texture of life under fascism, the way that fear enters into every transaction and poisons every relationship. Alone in Berlin is a testament to the darkest days the 20th century had to offer, from beginning to end the book in drenched in fear, it grips hold, tight, and makes it perfectly clear, this is how it was, this was actually happening. But for a husband and wife living through WW2 in Berlin they refuse to be intimidated by a despicable regime, and after losing their son in battle, set out discreetly to make their own personal feelings well known to a greater audience, whilst creating wrath within the Gestapo.
Otto and Anna Quangel are a hard working couple, laborious, unsociable, thrifty to the point of stinginess, and originally not hostile to the National Socialists. existing in a cold, shabby and colourless city. That changes when their beloved son, Ottochen, is killed while fighting in France. Otto, a foreman in a furniture factory that soon will be turned over to making coffins, is provoked into resistance. He spends his Sundays writing anonymous postcards attacking Hitler, before dropping them in the stairwells of city buildings. "Mother Don't give to the Winter Relief Fund! - Work as slowly as you can! - Put sand in the machines! - Every stroke of work not done will shorten the war!". This silent mission of defiance will lead a furious SS To put inspector Escherich on the case, with the added pressure of getting immediate results. Unfortunately for him It doesn't happen, always turning up a blind ally, with no traces leading to the suspect known as 'Hobgoblin'. The postcard campaign would march on and on, Otto would grow in both strength and confidence, before a spot of bad luck sends the walls crashing down around them. Finally witnessing the brutal penal code of Nazi Germany.
But the Quangels only make up part of the story, the novel reaches out far deeper than just it's main theme. There are traces of unruly life scattered everywhere. Brawling, delirium tremens, clinics and drying-out establishments, country idylls, thieves, whores, blackmail, drugs, Nazi veterans in a haze of drink, struggling ordinary folk trying to put food on the table. Vivid is the world of sub-proletarian swindling that exploits and is exploited by the Nazis. It is remarkable that Fallada, just months before his death, could compose a long novel that, after an overcrowded beginning, advances so confidently to its conclusion. The Quangels neighbours all have considerable time spent on them during the first third, helping to paint a picture of just what life was like under such evil rule. In fact there are huge chunks of the novel where Anna and Otto disappear completely, switching attention to the inner workings of the Gestapo and the fearful people who happen to have a run-ins with them. Many would by chance find one of the postcards, and be immediately struck with foreboding and dread for handling them.
I have not always taken to huge expansive novels in the past, Alone in Berlin has put my faith back in them. It was superbly written (translation by Michael Hofmann, top marks) never boring, seemed to fly by in a flash, and deserves all the praise it can get. The fact it was also exhaustingly draining on my soul, harrowing and intensely sad, doesn't stop it being up there with the best I have ever read. Even with the chaos of war around, standing face to face with the horror show of fascist Nazism, for some at least, courage and integrity can still exist, and never be broken. Through all the darkness that proceeds it, the novel still manages to end with a flickering light of hope. And Christ, does it ever need it.
"Then he picked up the pen and said softly, but clearly, "The first sentence of our first card will read: Mother! The F眉hrer has murdered my son."....At that instant she grasped that this very first sentence was Otto's absolute and irrevocable declaration of war, and also what that meant: war between, on the one side, the two of them, poor, small, insignificant workers who could be extinguished for just a word or two, and on the other, the F眉hrer, the Party, the whole apparatus in all its power and glory, with three-fourths or even four-fifths of the German people behind it. And the two of them in this little room in Jablonski Strasse.鈥�
First and foremost this is an absolutely captivating novel. As exciting in its choreography of brilliantly sustained dramatic tension as the best thriller. What it lacks in artistry is made up for by its streamlined vitality and the pulsing urgency of its narrative. There鈥檚 something Dickensian about this energy, just as there鈥檚 something Dickensian about its characters, all of whom are exaggerated, even caricatured but who nevertheless are always large and vivid with humanity. The Nazis too are powerfully caricatured. At one point a Nazi character says, 鈥淚 don鈥檛 care about emotions. I鈥檇 rather have a proper ham sandwich than all the emotion in the world.鈥� This statement is very much in keeping with Nazi priorities within the parameters of the novel where not only the banality of evil is brilliantly dramatised but also the banality of good.
Alone in Berlin is based on a true story. Otto and Anna Quangel in the novel are based on Otto and Elise Hampel who, to begin with, are not by any means hostile to the National Socialists. This changes when Elise鈥檚 brother is killed early in the war. The Hampels now begin leaving hundreds of postcards all over Berlin calling for civil disobedience. In the novel it is the death of Otto and Anna鈥檚 son that sparks the change of stance towards the Nazis. Otto, a foreman in a furniture factory that soon will be turned over to making coffins, is provoked into resistance. He spends his Sundays writing anonymous postcards against the regime and dropping them in the stairwells of city buildings. "Mother Don't give to the Winter Relief Fund! - Work as slowly as you can! - Put sand in the machines! - Every stroke of work not done will shorten the war!"
The overriding and unanswerable question about the Nazis remains how did it happen? How did an entire nation allow themselves to be swept up in a tsunami of racial hatred and vengeance? We鈥檙e usually told there was nothing one individual could do to oppose this orchestrated regime of terror. The brilliant achievement of this novel is to show how two simple working class people did oppose the Nazis, but, from every practical point of view, in an utterly futile manner. The postcards they wrote 鈥� lacking any intellectual sophistication and often containing grammatical errors and misspellings - were almost all immediately handed in to the Gestapo. They terrified anyone who had the bad luck to stumble across one of them. They did no political or military damage whatsoever. This husband and wife were risking their lives for, what in practical terms, was an utterly futile commitment to a series of all but useless gestures. Anna herself questions the 鈥渟mallness鈥� of the gesture but Otto points out that, if caught, they will pay with their lives and no one can sacrifice more than her own life. Fallada鈥檚 great triumph is to show us that their actions, in the sphere of ethics, were far from futile. They acted in accordance with conscience, to preserve their moral integrity even though they knew that to preserve their self-respect would mean losing their lives. Otto鈥檚 moment of triumph comes at his (sham) trial when he stands up to the infamous real life Nazi judge most famously portrayed in the film Sophie Scholl. Although Otto doesn鈥檛 believe in God what he does is as much a religious as a political act. He is acting as though his every gesture is being monitored by a moral overseer.
The author Hans Fallada, with native name Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen, is born on July 21st 1893 in Greifswald and he died on Feb 5th 1947 in Berlin. Hans Fallada manages with his book 鈥淓very Man Dies Alone鈥� a great story during the time of the Nazi regime. The novel deals with the authentic case of the couple Otto and Elise Hampel, who were fated to die and to be executed for 鈥渄isintegration of the military force鈥� and 鈥減reparation for high treason鈥�. The current events in this story are well researched and it is indeed based on true events of the Quangel family, whose Gestapo file is the basis for this novel. This book is consequently touching and very atmospheric written and impresses me with its moving story. And considering that Fallada wrote the story only two years after the end of the gruesome chapter of German history, you can read the story even more astonishing. With that analytic mind of the writer, his distance and the emotional depth at the same time, he dissected the society. Consequently this book is an absolutely timeless masterpiece for me.
Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin (aka Every Man Dies Alone) was a tantalizing yet tragic tale of resistance and moral fortitude in WWII Germany under fascist Nazi rule, based on a true story. Despite the narrative's relatively unsurprising progression (with only a few plot twists), I found myself utterly engrossed - so much so that I read the last half of the book in less than two days. Indeed I preferred to sacrifice my sleep to finish this absolutely gripping novel.
What I enjoyed most about Alone in Berlin, apart from the fact that it is set in my favorite European city (which I know all too well - from Prenzlauer Berg to Hellersdorf), was the rich development of the characters by Fallada. He masterfully describes the essence of human nature. From the volatile Emil Borkhausen to the Gestapo detective Inspector Escherich to the main protagonist Otto Quangel, he skillfully captures each character's personality in a way that you can vividly picture them right before your eyes. It is clear from the narrative that Fallada has done his research meticulously, as the historical detail is impeccable.
Perhaps my only minor critique of this masterpiece, is that towards the end it felt a bit drawn out. Fallada possibly could have brought the story to a conclusion earlier, with no loss of impact, yet, he chose to extend it (to 590 pages). In spite of this, I honestly can only highly recommend Alone in Berlin to anyone looking for a thrilling read, especially if you are into crime mysteries and dramas.
Also worthy of note: 1. Hans Fallada's depiction of Berlin is quite remarkable. All of the transit stations, streets and place names really exist in modern-day Berlin. 2. While the author did use artistic licence in telling this tale, the story is based on real-life events which is quite impressive. The moral strength and determination of the main characters Otto and Anna Quangel is heartwrenching.
This striking heart-wrenching novel blended well with my mood of summertime melancholy. The story is based on real-life events, written inspired by a Gestapo file describing acts of resistance of a laboring old German couple, on the grater scale two insignificant individuals, without exceptional skills, intelligence, ideals - by writing postcards that were dispatched throughout Berlin. Their efforts were sadly futile since most of the postcards ended in hands of the Gestapo or were quickly destroyed due to the fear they installed. They were not great heroes, idealistic or extraordinary in any manner, just ordinary working-class people personally affected by Hilter's policy - their only son died during the invasion of France. After the tragic event on the outside they don't change - but on the inside, they are at war with nazism. Their change shows that resistance is not always immediate, as their tragedy facilitates rebellion. It is easy to feel resignation or even devotion even to the vile regime as long it doesn't affect you personally. The death of the son sparks a doubt in Quangle's heart that is ever-growing - and in time they become the figures of remarkable courage.
鈥淭hen he picked up the pen and said softly, but clearly, "The first sentence of our first card will read: Mother! The F眉hrer has murdered my son."....At that instant she grasped that this very first sentence was Otto's absolute and irrevocable declaration of war, and also what that meant: war between, on the one side, the two of them, poor, small, insignificant workers who could be extinguished for just a word or two, and on the other, the F眉hrer, the Party, the whole apparatus in all its power and glory, with three-fourths or even four-fifths of the German people behind it. And the two of them in this little room in Jablonski Strasse.鈥�
The psychological change of characters during the fight, and later arrest and execution is both heart-breaking and astonishing to watch. The atmosphere of the book reminded me of 1984, it has a dystopian feel while at the same time is even more frightening due to the fact it is not a dystopia, but history. Every time I read about Third Reich I'm almost in the state of disbelief that horror of that magnitude existed on this earth. This book shows the suffering of Germans under nazism and their substantial and heroic resistance. The dreadful destiny of participants in resistance seems even more tragic because their efforts were unsuccessful, in the sense that the regime was brought down by foreign armies, not internal rebellion. Does that make all their effort completely futile and absurd? Did the life they sacrificed meant nothing? This kind of discussion of futility and absurdity of human effort to stand up against evil and suffering reminded me of the Plague, even though the plague is the uncontrollable force of death generated in the external world, but nazism is a controllable force that originated in the internal realm of human destructiveness, which makes it even more frightening and unjust. Both of these questions are the central points of the novel - substantially all subversive material produced by Quangels was handed to Nazi authorities. That brings even greater burden and suffering onto them - they exposed themselves and their loved ones to torture and execution, and for what? One could say their actions had no utility at all. In the eyes of the world, they lost their life only to lose the battle they could never win to begin with. What are two old people in contrast to the reigning all-powerful machinery of nazism? Even though their victory was not historical, the author shows their ethical and metaphysical victory over the surrounding evil. The ethical victory is due to the fact they made a decision to fight and preserved their standpoint even in the face of great suffering. The metaphysical victory is due to the fact they found their meaning in acts that can seem meaningless to the outside world, but nevertheless reflected the conscience of the nation. The victory is personalized in the doctor, with whom Otto is in the cell awaiting trial for death punishment. Even though Otto is not religious not he has any great satisfaction in art and the subtle joy of life, an encounter with the doctor brings him a completely new perspective on a life full of ecstasy of spirit. The conversation between Otto and the doctor was my favorite part of the book.
鈥淲ell, it will have helped us to feel that we behaved decently where, who will be saved for the righteous few among them, as where, who will be saved for the righteous few among them, as it says in the Bible. Of course, Quangel, it would have been a hundred times better if we'd had someone who could have told us, such and such is what you have to do; our plan is this and this. But if there had been such a man in Germany, then Hitler would never have come to power in 1933. As it was, we all acted alone, we were caught alone, and every one of us will have to die alone. But that doesn't mean that we are alone, Quangel, or that our deaths will be in vain. Nothing in this world is done in vain, and since we are fighting for justice against brutality, we are bound to prevail in the end.鈥�
The unbreakable spirit of Otto Quangel in the horror of Gestapo prison is most striking, and in itself hope inducing. Reading about the courage and internal liberation of the characters while they were physically imprisoned can have a transformative effect on the reader. Doing the right thing in life is often the synonym for doing the harder thing but having integrity in times when goodness is lost, means living your life as an act of rebellion. There are realms of human freedom and locus of control and personal power that cannot be destroyed, not by tyranny, not by oppression, not by torture, not even by death.
鈥淲ould you rather live for unjust cause than die for a just one? There is no choice-not for you, nor for me either. It's because we are as we are that we have to go this way.鈥�
Some books make you work for it. They're not easy, they're difficult, they're sprawling and slow and undecided. Until they're not. Until you feel the gigantic heart beating at its nervous center, its unabashed humanity and intelligence. It took me 250 pages to fully get into this one, and suddenly it took a turn and I was hooked like never before by its vital urgency. The characters were full-fleshed, fully realized, flawed and magnificent at the same time. The novel rushed towards its inevitable conclusion with grace, the characters rushed towards their inescapable fate with a lucidity that leaves us in awe and teaches us a thing or two about the meaning of courage. The author wrote this novel in 24 days and never lived to see its publication. According to the amazing bonus documents at the end of the paperback edition, Hans Fallada based his novel on a true story and was wondering whether the real acts of resistance of Otto and Elise Hampel had had any meaning. Their lives, the ordinariness, the smallness, the awkwardness of their resistance have more meaning than they will ever know. Because it is absolutely essential for us, for all the generations that come after World War Two, to know that there was decency and good in some Germans in the face of evil. An unforgettable book.
after losing their son to the war, berlin residents otta and anna quangel launch a mini-revolt against the reich and fuhrer in the form of postcards around the city which speak subversive messages directly to the people. read in the age of twitter and viral videos, this seems, at once, awfully quaint and particularly profound. there was a time, i gather, when words mattered; when there didn't exist a barrage of partisan wingnuts flooding the zeitgeist with nonsense. but lemme skip the cranky old-man get-off-my-yard thing...
the portrait of two old people launching a mini-revolution interests me far more than dudes with guns and bombs and shit. so it pains me to slap this with two stars. but, wow. has there ever been a book more in need of an editor? it's plodding and lumbering and filled with so much unnecessary bullshit it makes the reader feel like a kid forced to plow through four servings of steamed broccoli to get to that half-portion of chocolate pudding. it reads as if fallada drew up a rigid outline and just wrote out the shit. um, part of writing is knowing what to leave out -- the 'leaving out' ups the mystery quotient. y'ever hear the phrase, 'get into a scene at the last possible moment and get out at the earliest possible moment?' -- goose the reader, hans. smack her around. you don't need to tell us everything. skip the walk to the apartment, just land us right there and force your reader to make sense of it as it happens. and if you whisk us out of a scene before it ends... you leave us wondering. remember when don quixote raises his sword to hack away at some guy and cervantes just ends the chapter with the sword in the air? genius, man, genius.
and coincidences? just stay away. fallada has a character who pisses off a nurse and so to stick it to him she rats him out as the card dropper. the gestapo quickly realize the guy couldn't possibly be the card-dropper but, so as to prove to their superiors that they're following leads, they tail the guy. we, the reader, know that the guy's foreman at work is otto quangel, the actual card dropper. ugh. it wasn't necessary, hans. you didn't need to do this. there are better ways to draw connections, to make things come together, to have all lines diverge on a common point. and there's lots of this kinda shit going on. too much of it.
so... i made it 250 pgs deep. halfway. and dropped the book in frustration. and then i read that fallada wrote the book in 24 days. makes sense. given a few more months and a good editor this could've resembled the masterpiece they said it was.
Re-visit 2015 via R4x:Primo Levi's declaration that Alone in Berlin is "the greatest book ever written about German resistance to the Nazis" is bold and unequivocal. English readers have had to wait 60 years to explore the 1947 novel in which Otto Quangel, a factory foreman (Ron Cook) and his wife Anna (Margot Leicester) believe themselves morally obliged to take on the full might of the Nazis.
When their son is killed "for Fuhrer and Fatherland", the Quangels begin to write anonymous postcards, denouncing the war and the regime, and leave them on the stairwells of public buildings in Berlin. Over two years, the cards become their life. Trapped through a trivial mistake, by their nemesis, Inspector Escherich of the Gestapo (Tim McInnerny) they are put on trial for their lives, but find a strange freedom in a mocking defiance and then in a terrible silence.
Alone in Berlin is a grim but heroic story told with laconic determination by a man who lived through the war in Berlin. It is about the quiet moral triumph of a seemingly inconsequential couple - it points to a courage which lay in the hearts of most true Germans, if only angst and overwhelming fear hadn't been allowed to gain the upper hand.
Cast: Otto Quangel ..... Ron Cook Anna Quangel ..... Margot Leicester Escherich ..... Tim McInnerny Trudel Bauman ..... Jasmine Hyde Eva Kluge ..... Christine Kavanagh Enno Kluge ..... Ian Bartholomew Emil Borkhausen ..... Richard McCabe Frau Rosenthal ..... Joanna Munroe Inspector Rusch ..... John McAndrew Judge Fromm ..... Andrew Sachs Inspector Zott ..... Nickolas Grace Inspector Prall ..... Sam Dale
I should express thanks to , for if it was not for her ruthless news, I would not have found a brilliant book that stands for every belief which Ms. Burwitz expels from her very survival. Couple weeks ago, a news article describing Burwitz as the new 鈥淣azi grandmother鈥� made me explore further for its validity. Ms. Burwitz who at the ripe age of 81, still strives hard to support and nurture the most modern breed of Nazis ,keeping alive the malicious work and memory of her father Heinrich Himmler, the chief authority behind the Gestapo operations. 鈥淭he princess of Nazism ", as one of the historian terms Gudrun, is a despicable bitch loathing the essence of humanity through her narrowed National Socialist mindset. I would not identify her as a cultured human being, let alone a decent citizen of a wonderful country. However, she would have been felicitated for her abhorrence during the Third Reich. In 1940鈥檚 Gudrun Burwitz would have been a decent German; the ideal daughter of Deutschland. Not, Otto Quangel, though. He was a traitor, a criminal who committed treason against the Fuhrer. Otto Quangel was the 鈥楬ogoblin鈥�, whose righteous words were feared by anyone who touched or read them.
Otto and Anna Quangel was a working class couple. Like many other couples they were decent Germans. They obeyed their Fuhrer, you see. Their only son was serving in the army defending Hitler鈥檚 gruesome idea of legality of human race. They helplessly saw their neighbors being caught and shipped to concentration camps, while they silently sipped their watery coffee in sheer silence. They had to be tough in life. That was the common justification of every brutality the Gestapo police committed. Then one fine day, the death news of their only son arrived and Anna in a bursts of sorrow shrieked, 鈥測ou and your Fuhrer!鈥�. For Otto, a man of few words, Anna鈥檚 words weighed more than the misery of losing his child. The agony of guilt swelled up Otto鈥檚 moralistic integrity overwhelming his internal ethics. Otto proposed an obscure form of anti-Nazi warfare. He would write postcards with slogans against the ongoing atrocities.
鈥淢other! The Fuhrer has murdered my son! Mother! The Fuhrer will murder your sons too; he will not stop till he has brought sorrow to every home.鈥�
Otto鈥檚 heroic resistance to the Nazi Regime magnified only through his personal tragedy. Did the death of his son made him courageous as now he had nothing to lose? Would Otto walk the mutinous path had his son arrived safely home?
Hans Fallada who suffered through his own personal war as Rudolf Ditzen, brings the laudable efforts of Elise and Otto Hampel (1931), a real life couple who wrote anonymous postcards and leaflets to educate people about the ongoing atrocities ,informing to not buying Nazi papers and resist from participating in the war. The writing is trouble-free and the plot predictable; nevertheless, throughout the fictional portrayals of the Quangels, Fallada beautifully enlightens the misery of ordinary Germans who struggled from their own moral battles. Like, Eva Kungel who curses the fact of her birthing children who would eventually end up becoming monsters. The investigation of the Hobgoblin case and the defenselessness of Inspector Escherich expose the disintegration of humanness in a society where the nobleness of a feeble endeavor to capture terror was misplaced.
Otto Quangel was the burning conscience of a guilt 鈥搑idden nation. He and Anna were among the few whom were 鈥済ood corns鈥� sown in the fields of weeds. Fallada signs off the book saying, 鈥淏ut we don鈥檛 want to end this book with death; dedicated as it is to life, life always triumphs over humiliation and tears, over misery and death鈥�.
Otto and Anna鈥檚 death was inevitable and their efforts although ineffectual were not insignificant. The Quangels did the unattainable and unfortunately their voices were lost among timid tones and pigheaded establishment, contrasting Wael Ghonim the cyber hero whose efforts instigated a revolution finally overthrowing Hosni Mubarak from supremacy.
I value this novel for good psychological portrayal of ordinary German citizens who desperately tried to remain sane during years of insanity. Their silent struggle, both tragic and heroic, is supported by mutual devotion and love, which is all that is ultimately left. This is my favourite of Fallada's novels.
Ma cosa si era messo in mente? Un semplice operaio che lotta contro il F眉hrer? 脠 come se una zanzara volesse combattere contro un elefante
Lo scrittore tedesco Rudolf Ditzen, noto come Hans Fallada, tossicodipendente, alcolizzato, finito pi霉 volte in galera e in manicomio, scrisse nel 1946 in soli 24 giorni le 700 pagine del romanzo, basandosi sui fascicoli provenienti dalla Gestapo sulla vera storia dei coniugi Otto ed Elise Hampel (Quangel nel libro), lui operaio e lei casalinga, che decisero di opporsi al nazismo semplicemente lasciando per le vie di Berlino cartoline che invitavano i tedeschi a ribellarsi al nazismo. Un atto che sembra semplice e banale ai nostri occhi, ma che a quel tempo portava senza indugi alla pena capitale.
Cosa facevano gli abitanti di Berlino quando trovavano casualmente le cartoline scritte e lasciate faticosamente dai Quangel? Le consegnavano immediatamente, terrorizzati, alla Gestapo, vanificandone di fatto l鈥檈ffetto. E infatti il momento pi霉 drammatico per Otto, una volta catturato, non fu quello delle percosse e delle torture, quanto quello in cui cap矛 che quasi tutte le cartoline prodotte erano state inutili.
La lettura del romanzo 猫 stata per me certamente tra le pi霉 coinvolgenti ed interessanti in assoluto. Sottolineerei alcuni punti che emergono dalla lettura:
La paura, i delatori, la solitudine. Quello che si evince dal romanzo 猫 che tutti in Germania avevano paura. Una paura totale. Una paura che faceva mancare il respiro, che attanagliava quando ci si rendeva conto che poteva succedere davvero di tutto. Una paura permanente, perch茅 nulla poteva assicurare di non ritrovarsi, in qualunque momento, sbattuti in una prigione con le ossa rotte. Una paura che invadeva tutti, perfino i nazisti, perch茅 il vento poteva cambiare repentinamente. In agguato c'erano il carcere, la tortura, la deportazione. La gente sapeva di poter essere arrestata per un qualsiasi motivo: 鈥渢utti hanno qualcosa da nascondere, basta tirarlo fuori鈥� era il credo della Gestapo. E quel 鈥渢irarlo fuori鈥� nascondeva torture di ogni tipo, ovviamente. La vita umana non valeva praticamente nulla. Il regime era oppressivo tanto da rendere quasi impossibile l'opposizione. Solo l鈥檜nione tra gli individui avrebbe forse potuto fare la differenza, eppure tutti avevano troppa paura anche solo per leggere fino alla fine le cartoline dei Quangel. La paura aveva creato un popolo di rassegnati delatori, vigliacchi pronti a tutto pur di farsi belli agli occhi dei superiori, a loro volta terrorizzati da possibili delazioni e indiscrezioni che li riguardassero. I delatori erano ovunque e si doveva stare attenti a parlare e anche a non parlare, perch茅 anche tacere poteva essere indice di mancanza di fedelt脿 al regime. Intorno alle figure dei coniugi Quangel c'erano anche molti altri personaggi. Persone normali, parenti, brave persone, prostitute, ubriaconi, scommettitori, commissari, militari. Tutti inevitabilmente soli, perch茅 nessuno poteva fidarsi a condividere i propri pensieri. Quasi tutti questi personaggi morirono, anche quelli innocenti. Morirono in assoluta solitudine, senza conforto, senza giustificazione, senza comprendere a fondo le ragioni della propria morte, senza poter condividere con nessuno i propri pensieri.
"Perch茅 tu devi sapere che allora saremo molto soli nelle nostre celle, senza poterci mai scambiare una parola, noi che per pi霉 di vent'anni non abbiamo mai trascorso una giornata lontani uno dall'altra. Ma ognuno di noi sapr脿 che l'altro non cede, che ci possiamo fidare l'uno dell'altra nella morte come ci siamo fidati tutta la vita. Dovremo morire anche da soli, Anna!"
La resistenza tedesca. Dal libro si comprende che la maggioranza dei tedeschi era d'accordo col regime nazista. Ognuno tirava avanti come poteva, allineandosi all鈥檌deologia imperante. "Ognuno muore solo" racconta la ribellione di pochissimi uomini, poveracci che hanno una propria dignit脿, che sono consci di rischiare la vita per principi morali che li porteranno alla morte. Uomini che cercano di comportarsi 鈥�bene鈥� per non disprezzarsi, per avere rispetto di s茅 stessi.
鈥�Sarebbe stato naturalmente mille volte meglio se avessimo avuto un uomo che ci avesse detto: dovete agire cos矛 e cos矛', questo o quello 猫 il nostro piano. Ma se ci fosse stato un uomo simile in Germania, non avremmo mai avuto un 1933. Cos矛 abbiamo dovuto agire ognuno per conto suo, e siamo stati presi uno per uno, e ognuno di noi morr脿 solo. Ma non per questo siamo soli, Quangel, non per questo moriamo inutilmente. A questo mondo nulla accade inutilmente, e poich茅 combattiamo per la giustizia contro la forza bruta, saremo noi i vincitori, alla fine."
La resistenza tedesca probabilmente non fu efficace a causa del regime di sospetto instaurato nel Reich, dalla crudelt脿 della Gestapo, della magistratura completamente asservita al potere dominante, ma forse anche alle caratteristiche del popolo tedesco, che vedeva in Hitler l鈥檜omo che avrebbe restituito alla Germania il predominio, dopo l鈥檕nta della sconfitta subita nella prima guerra mondiale.
La crudelt脿 dei nazisti. Fallada descrive la crudelt脿 delle SS, dei commissari nazisti, della Gestapo, delle guardie, in un modo che fa accapponare la pelle. Non vuole scandalizzare, ma solo far capire che la cattiveria, la sopraffazione, la prepotenza, l'arroganza, la stupidit脿, erano normali in quel periodo in Germania. Il nazismo non viene visto ed analizzato nelle sue cariche pi霉 importanti, che erano ovviamente inavvicinabili per la gente comune; esso viene descritto attraverso le figure emblematiche dei commissari e degli ufficiali della Gestapo che cercano di risolvere il caso delle cartoline e alcuni membri della gioventu hitleriana, spietati, duri, rozzi, efficaci e sbrigativi.
Il libro. "Ognuno muore solo" 猫 un romanzo terribile, che tratta temi importanti come il comportamento che si pu貌 e si vuole tenere quando le condizioni della vita divengono moralmente inaccettabili. Che si traduce nella scelta tra la paura della morte e la disperazione della vita. La narrazione della fine dei coniugi Quangel, con la descrizione degli ultimi attimi di vita, dei loro terrori e dei loro segreti 猫 tanto meravigliosa, dal punto di vista letterario, quanto terribile e drammatica dal punto di vista umano.
E' un romanzo trascinante che si legge benissimo, nonostante i temi dolorosi, non tanto per sapere come va a finire, quanto perch茅 le vicende psicologiche dei personaggi sono coinvolgenti al massimo. Fallada usa un linguaggio istintivo, emotivo, semplicissimo e lineare, quasi banale, quasi ingenuo; un linguaggio che per貌 猫 perfettamente funzionale alla narrazione. Il paragone dei personaggi del romanzo con uccelli, topi e volpi 猫 semplicemente geniale.
Forse 猫 grazie al sacrificio di quelle due brave persone, ai due coniugi Quengel, se oggi possiamo capire un pochino di pi霉 la Germania nazista; le cartoline non saranno servite a ribaltare il regime nazista, ma forse (chiss脿, spero...) saranno servite a impedire il ripetersi di situazioni come quelle raccontate.
In this dark thriller, set in Berlin during World War II (1940-43), a working class couple, Otto and Anna Quangel, decide to protest and resist the Nazi regime after they learned that her only son was killed in action. Otto Quangel starts writing postcards with insults against Hitler, the Nazis, and the war and delivers them (unobserved) in office buildings in the hope that as many people as possible will read them and rethink, and thus perhaps bring about a speedy end to the dictatorship 鈥� an approach, as it turns out, doomed to failure. It doesn鈥檛 take long before the Gestapo comes to know about this 鈥渃rime of high treason鈥� and start investigating and the noose is slowly tightening on the Quangels. The main storyline (there are quite a few others) is supposedly based on the real case of Otto and Elise Hampel who also wrote and distributed postcards and where executed in 1943.
It took me quite a while before I became comfortable with this 700 page novel by Hans Fallada (my first one since I don鈥檛 know how long). The prose seemed unsophist褨cated and disjointed at first and the characters not especially likeable (including the Quangels). But Fallada is a master when it comes to tightening the screw and a great storyteller. The overall mood in the novel is getting darker and darker, the desperation of many of the characters almost tangible. The only other novel I read in which the lives of ordinary people under a dictatorship is depicted in such an intensity would be Orwell鈥檚 Nineteen Eighty-Four. Those lives are determined by fear and hopelessness until the decision to resist. There are indeed some similarities between Otto Quangel and Winston Smith.
While pondering what to tell about this book I chanced to find , titled 鈥淗ans Fallada鈥檚 Berlin - in pictures鈥�, that shows some actual postcards written by Otto Hampel, like this one:
(鈥淎 German / German people wake up! / We must free ourselves from the Hitlery鈥�)
or this one:
(鈥淗itler has no wife / the butcher no sow / The baker no dough! / That is the third Reich / Hitler鈥檚 violence before right / brings us German people no peace! / Down with Hitler鈥檚 gang鈥�) This small text has three spelling and one grammatical mistake (鈥渉att鈥� instead of 鈥渉at鈥�, 鈥淭eich鈥� instead of 鈥淭eig鈥�, 鈥淒ass鈥� instead of 鈥淒as鈥�, 鈥渄eutsches鈥� instead of 鈥渄eutschem鈥�) and I wonder if this is by design, of whether Otto Hampel just couldn鈥檛 do better. I tend to think the latter. This man, it is said, struggled to write and in the novel the fictional Otto Quangel needs a whole Sunday to write just two of those postcards. It brings tears to my eyes when I read of such a simple man and how he rebels against the rule with such simple means. It seems like a fight between David and Goliath but with David having no slingshot available. It鈥檚 a wonder it took the Gestapo so long to apprehend the so called 鈥渉obgoblin鈥� (the internal name used for the postcard writer). But I guess even the means of the Gestapo were limited back then. It鈥檚 true that there were many people in Germany ready or even eager to denunciate their neighbors or co-workers, even family members, but keeping a low profile could help escaping the powers-that-be for a while. Today things would be much different. Nowadays the Nazis could easily fill the prisons overnight with dissidents. The data is readily available and only needs to be evaluated thanks to big-data analysis tools. But, of course, in a civilized country, so it鈥檚 rather pointless to speculate about it.
There is much violence presented in this book. Psychological and physical violence during interrogations by the Gestapo, in the torture cellars of the SS, in prisons and during trials at the so-called Volksgerichtshof (People鈥檚 Court). The suspects, prisoners, and defendants are all humiliated, beaten, and deprived of their dignity - but are they dehumanized, as one so often hears? I don鈥檛 think so. Dehumanized are the wielders of power, the policemen, the SS thugs and prison guards, the prosecutors and judges. Resistance against those non-humans, even if doomed to failure, wasn鈥檛 (and won鈥檛 be) futile but indeed mandatory if only to keep those gangsters occupied for a while. That鈥檚 one lesson to learn from Hans Fallada鈥檚 highly recommended book.
Agghiacciante. Allucinante. E' un romanzo. Ma 猫 stato scritto quasi "in diretta" (猫 uscito nel 1947). Quindi qualcuno che si opponeva c'era. Quindi era possibile opporsi. Quindi era possibile essere contro e non accettare acriticamente tutto quello che imponeva il regime nazista, per paura. Quindi 猫 ancora pi霉 orribile quello che 猫 successo.
(lo so che questo discorso 猫 da anime candide, e non tiene conto di tutte le variabile dell'hic et nunc. ma rimane il fatto che opporsi era possibile)
"Suddenly sober, he says, 'Perhaps there are already many thinking as we do. Thousands of men must have fallen. Maybe there are already writers like us. But that doesn't matter, Anna! What do we care? It's we who must do it!'" This novel, written in 1946, just before Fallada鈥檚 death is based on a true story. Elise and Otto Hampel were a working class couple in Berlin. Early in the war Elise鈥檚 brother was killed in action. They began a silent protest against the Nazis and the war: by writing postcards. For over two years they secretly distributed hundreds of postcards, on which they wrote criticisms of the regime. They put them in all sorts of places and for two years they baffled the Berlin Police. The case was eventually handed over to the Gestapo, who assumed they were dealing with a group of people. They were eventually caught and executed (by beheading) in March 1943. Fallada takes this story and turns it into this novel. He adds a number of secondary characters. The main characters are Anna and Otto Quangel. They live in an apartment block and we follow the lives of the residents as well. Fallada also follows the police/Gestapo investigation as well. It is the Quangel鈥檚 son Otto who dies in action in the novel and triggers the postcard writing. It鈥檚 a long novel, almost 600 pages, and despite what Penguin say, it鈥檚 not a thriller. Fallada wrote this over a period of two months, he was dying at the time. He had been addicted to alcohol and morphine and spent a significant amount of time in psychiatric institutions. His relationship to the authorities was always ambivalent. 鈥淭hen he [Otto] picked up the pen, and said softly but clearly, 鈥楾he first sentence of our first card will read: 鈥楳other! The F眉hrer has murdered my son.鈥欌€� Once again, she [Anna] shivered. There was something so bleak, so gloomy, so determined in the words Otto had just spoken. At that instant she grasped that this very first sentence was Otto鈥檚 absolute and irrevocable declaration of war, and also what that meant: war between, on the one side, the two of them, poor, small, insignificant workers who could be extinguished for just a word or two, and on the other, the F眉hrer, the Party, the whole apparatus in all its power and glory, with three-fourths or even four-fifths of the German people behind it. And the two of them in this little room in Jablonski Strasse!鈥� This is bleak, with a few shafts of light and portrays a futile, yet principled resistance against a totalitarian regime. It鈥檚 a story still relevant. It鈥檚 probably a bit too long, but it鈥檚 a great study of human reaction to an oppressive regime. 鈥淲ell, it will have helped us to feel that we behaved decently till the end. [鈥 Of course, Quangel, it would have been a hundred times better if we鈥檇 had someone who could have told us, such and such is what you have to do; our plan is this and this. But if there had been such a man in Germany, then Hitler would never have come to power in 1933. As it was, we all acted alone, we were caught alone, and every one of us will have to die alone. But that doesn鈥檛 mean that we ARE alone, or that our deaths will be in vain. Nothing in this world is done in vain, and since we are fighting for justice against brutality, we are bound to prevail in the end.鈥�
This book is little known in the US but it is early fiction that communicates the feeling of living under the Nazis. It is crime fiction, featuring a detective, but the crime is resistance. There is also a subplot with a retired judge and a Jewish woman. The book is very well done.
鈥淪pesso l'autore si 猫 rammaricato di dover tracciare un quadro cos矛 fosco; ma una maggior luce sarebbe stata una menzogna. H. F. Berlino, ottobre 1946.
Otto e Anna Quangel sono i nomi di fantasia che ricalcano le vicende reali di una coppia di mezz鈥檈t脿 berlinese nel biennio tra il 1940 ed il 1942. Partendo dai documenti della Gestapo, Fallada ricostruisce gli eventi immaginandosi la vita privata dei coniugi che per pi霉 di ventiquattro mesi scrissero cartoline contro il regime nazista disseminandole per la citt脿 con la speranza di risvegliare le coscienze.
Se i pensieri e la vita domestica dei personaggi sono frutto della fantasia, quella che 猫 l鈥檃tmosfera generale non si discosta dalla realt脿 ma rende omaggio alla grande protagonista di quell鈥檈poca (e, a dirla tutta, di ogni epoca e luogo dove si concretizza quell鈥檕rrida condizione dell鈥� homo homini lupus): la paura.
Quel terrore che paralizza ed inibisce non solo le azioni ma anche i pensieri. Quel panico che assale anche i pochi che osano ribellarsi facendo tremare le loro mani e battere i loro cuori all'impazzata. Ma i pochi che agiscono contro il nazismo conservano la certezza di morire sapendo di aver vissuto una vita onesta. Questa 猫 la differenza. Sottile come carta velina pesante come una lastra di marmo.
Addentrarsi in questa storia, girare queste pagine 猫 stata una vera e propria discesa infernale tanto da chiedersi se esista un fondo alla malvagit脿.
Ma non chiamatela bestialit脿, per favore, persino gli animali a confronto di certi uomini hanno dei limiti che rispettano!!!
鈥�- Cosa possiamo farci, - Otto Quangel si difende disperatamente contro questa insistenza. - Siamo soltanto in pochi, e tutti gli altri, milioni, sono per lui, e tanto pi霉 adesso dopo la vittoria sulla Francia. Nulla, possiamo fare. - Non 猫 vero, possiamo fare molto, - sussurra lei. - Possiamo guastare le macchine, lavorare lentamente e male, strappare i loro manifesti e incollarne altri in cui diciamo alla gente in che modo l'ingannano e la tradiscono. - E ancora pi霉 a bassa voce: - Ma la cosa pi霉 importante 猫: essere diversi da loro, che non riescano a farci pensare e agire come loro. Non diventeremo mai nazisti, anche se dovessero vincere il mondo intero. - E che cosa otterremo con questo, Trudel? - chiede Otto Quangel, piano. - Non vedo che cosa potremo ottenere con questo. - Babbo, - risponde lei, - anch'io non capivo, in principio, e forse neanche adesso lo capisco interamente. Ma sai, qui, in segreto, abbiamo formato una cellula di resistenza nella fabbrica; 猫 ancora molto piccola, tre uomini e io. Uno di noi tre ha cercato di spiegarmelo. Noi siamo, egli ha detto, come il buon seme in un campo pieno di erbacce. Se non ci fosse il buon seme, tutto il campo sarebbe invaso dalle erbacce. E il buon seme si pu貌 diffondere...鈥�