乇丨賱丕鬲亘賵乇賰賴丕乇鬲賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞賵丕賱爻賵丿丕賳

John Lewis Burckhardt, 賮丐丕丿兀賳丿乇丕賵爻听(賲鬲乇噩賲), 丨爻賳賳賵乇听(鬲氐丿賷乇)

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賰鬲丕亘賲賲鬲毓賲賳兀丿亘丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲賱賱乇丨丕賱丞丕賱爻賵賷爻乇賶噩賵賳賱賵賷爻亘賵乇賰賴丕鬲 j.l.burckhardt 1813
卮丕亍鬲丕賱兀賯丿丕乇貙兀賳賷爻丕賮乇丕賱乇丨丕賱丞丕賱爻賵賷爻乇賷亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞貙賵賷爻噩賱賷賵賲賷丕鬲賲賳兀噩賲賱丕賱賵氐賮賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞貙賮賷賵賯鬲賱賲鬲胤兀丕賱兀乇囟丕賱賳賵亘賷丞廿賱丕丕賱賯賱賷賱噩丿丕賲賳賴丐賱丕亍丕賱爻賷丕丨丕賱賲爻鬲卮乇賯賷賳賮賷匕賱賰丕賱賵賯鬲賲賳毓丕賲 1812賲 .
兀乇爻賱鬲賴丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱兀賮乇賷賯賷丞賲賳亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕貙賱賰卮賮賲噩丕賴賱兀賮乇賷賯賷丞貙賵爻丕賮乇賲賳亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕賱爻賵乇賷丞兀賵賱丕賱賰賷賷鬲毓賱賲賲亘丕丿卅丕賱賱睾丞丕賱毓乇亘賷丞賱賷丿禺賱兀賮乇賷賯賷丕賲賳卮賲丕賱賴丕丕賱毓乇亘賷貙孬賲賷爻丕賮乇賱丨賷賮丕孬賲毓賰丕孬賲賲氐乇賵賲賳賴賳丕賰賷鬲毓乇賮毓賱賶亘毓囟丕賱鬲噩丕乇丕賱匕丕賴亘賷賳丕賱賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞賵賲賳孬賲賷兀禺匕賵噩賴丞兀禺乇賶睾賷乇丕賱匕賷亘毓孬賲賳兀噩賱賴丕貙賵賴賰匕丕爻丕賮乇亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞亘丿亍賲賳丕賱丿乇賵兀賳鬲賴丕亍亘兀禺乇丨丿賵丿丕賱賲丨爻
賵賴賷丨丿賵丿賰卮丕賮丕賱賳賵亘丞賮賷匕賱賰丕賱賵賯鬲貙賷賯賵賱亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲禺賱丕賱廿賯丕賲鬲賷賮賷氐毓賷丿賲氐乇貙噩賲毓鬲胤丕卅賮丞賰亘賷乇丞賲賳丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲毓賳兀丨賵丕賱亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞賵乇鬲亘鬲乇丨賱鬲賷賵兀卮鬲乇賷鬲亘毓賷乇賷賳賴噩賷賳賷賳賯賵賷賷賳賲賳兀賯賵賷丕賱兀亘賱賵兀氐賱亘賴丕毓賵丿丕貙賱乇丨賱丞兀爻鬲睾乇賯鬲賲毓賷禺賲爻丞賵孬賱丕孬賷賳賷賵賲丕亘丿亍賲賳兀爻賵丕賳丕賱賶丕賱賲丨爻賵丕賱毓賰爻賵賯丿夭賵丿賳賷丨丕賰賲 ( 兀爻賳丕 ) 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丨爻賳亘賰賵賴賵賯亘乇氐賷丕賱兀氐賱亘鬲賵氐賷丞賯賵賷丞賱兀亘賳丕亍爻賱賷賲丕賳賰丕卮賮丕賱孬賱丕孬丞丕賱匕賷賳賷丨賰賲賵賳亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞賮賷賲丕亘賷賳賴賲 .
賵賯丿賳卮乇鬲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱兀賮乇賷賯賷丞賰鬲丕亘丕賱乇丨丕賱丞亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲 ( 乇丨賱丕鬲賮賷亘賱丕丿丕賱賳賵亘丞 ) 賮賷爻賳丞 1822賲賵賯丿兀毓胤鬲賲匕賰乇丕鬲賴氐賵乇丞氐丕丿賯丞廿賱賶丨丿賰亘賷乇毓賳丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕賱賳賵亘賷賵毓賳丨賷丕丞丕賱毓亘丕亘丿丞賵丕賱亘卮丕乇賷賷賳丕賱毓乇亘丕賱匕賷賳兀毓鬲賲丿毓賱賷賴賲賰禺亘乇丕亍賵廿丿賱丕亍賮賷亘毓囟丕賱兀丨賷丕賳貙賲賳鬲賵丕囟毓賴賷賯賵賱亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲賮賷氐賮丨丞 116 ( 賰丕賳鬲賱賰鬲丕亘丕鬲賷賯氐賵乇賮賷賵氐賮丨賷丕丞丕賱賳賵亘賷賷賳賵爻亘亘賴噩賴賱賷亘丕賱賱睾丞丕賱賳賵亘賷丞丨賷孬賰丕賳賷爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕丕賱賳賵亘賷賵賳賮賷丨丿賷孬賴賲賮賷兀孬賳丕亍賵噩賵丿賷亘賷賳賴賲 ) 賵賵氐賮亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲亘毓囟賲賳兀噩賲賱丕賱兀孬丕乇丕鬲丕賱賳賵亘賷丞賯亘賱兀賳鬲睾乇賯賴丕 ( 賲賷丕賴禺夭丕賳兀爻賵丕賳 ) 賯亘賱丕賱爻丿丕賱毓丕賱賷亘丕賱胤亘毓 .. 賱賯丿賰丕賳亘乇賰賴丕乇鬲賷兀賲賱鬲賰乇丕乇丕賱乇丨賱丞睾賷乇兀賳丕賱賯丿乇毓丕噩賱賴賵賴賵亘賲氐乇賵鬲賵賮賷毓賳毓賲乇賷賳丕賴夭丕賱孬丕賱孬丞賵丕賱孬賱丕孬賷賳賵亘賲賵鬲賴賮賯丿鬲丕賱噩賲毓賷丞丕賱兀賮乇賷賯賷丞丕賱鬲賶賲賯乇賴丕亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕賵丕丨丿丕賲賳兀賰賮兀丕賱乇噩丕賱丕賱匕賷賳丿賮毓鬲賴賲賱賰卮賮兀爻乇丕乇丕賱賯丕乇丞丕賱爻賲乇丕亍 .

GenresHistoryAfricaSudan

392 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1822

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About the author

John Lewis Burckhardt

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Johann Ludwig (also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt (November 24, 1784 鈥� October 15, 1817) was a Swiss/English traveller and orientalist. He wrote his letters in French and signed Louis. He is best known for rediscovering the ruins of the city of Petra in Jordan.

During his residence in Syria, Burckhardt visited Palmyra, Damascus, Lebanon and made a series of other exploratory trips in the region. One of these trips, in what is now modern-day Jordan, resulted in his 'discovery' of the extensive and unique ruins of Petra which had been undiscovered for nearly a millennium. Unsatisfied with the magnitude of this discovery he was determined to carry on with his original aim to uncover the source of the River Niger. Thus he in 1812 went to Cairo with the intention of joining a caravan to Fezzan, in Libya.

Burckhardt temporarily abandoned this goal to travel up the Nile as far as Dar Mahass; and then, finding it impossible to penetrate westward, he made a journey through the Nubian desert in the character of a poor Syrian merchant, passing by Berber and Shendi to Suakin, on the Red Sea, whence he performed the pilgrimage to Mecca by way of Jidda. At Mecca he stayed three months and afterwards visited Medina.

After enduring privations and sufferings of the severest kind, he returned to Cairo in June 1815 in a state of great exhaustion; but in the spring of 1816 he travelled to Mount Sinai, whence he returned to Cairo in June, and there again made preparations for his intended journey to Fezzan. Several hindrances prevented his prosecuting this intention, and finally, in April 1817, when the long-expected caravan prepared to depart, he was seized by dysentery[2] and died on 15 October. He had from time to time carefully transmitted to England his journals and notes, and a copious series of letters, so very few details of his journeys have been lost. He bequeathed his collection of 800 volumes of oriental manuscripts to the library of Cambridge University.

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