Nigel Warburton is Senior Lecturer at the Open University and author of a number of popular books about philosophy.
Warburton received a BA from the University of Bristol and a PhD from Darwin College, Cambridge and was a lecturer at the University of Nottingham before joining the Department of Philosophy at the Open University in 1994.
He runs a popular philosophy weblog Virtual Philosopher and with David Edmonds regularly podcasts interviews with top philosophers on a range of subjects at Philosophy Bites. He also podcasts chapters from his book Philosophy: The Classics.
Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions #200), Nigel Warburton This introduction to free speech offers a thought-provoking guide to questions concerning how important free speech is and whether it should be defended at all costs. It explores both the traditional philosophical arguments as well as the practical issues and controversies facing modern society. ????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ??? ???? ??? 2014 ?????? ?????: ????? ????? ???????: ????? ????????? ?????: ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? 1392? ?? 136 ?? ????: 9786005492644? ?????: ????? ???? ??? 21 ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???. ?. ???????
Voltaire: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
This powerful quote sums up the importance of free speech for democracy. Nigel Warburton's book explores the historical and current context of free speech, including hate speech, pornography, and the Internet/social media.
Critical takeaways from Warburton's book include:
The heart of democracy is the commitment to free speech including the speech you may not want to hear. Protecting free speech is at the heart of a civilized and tolerant society. Citizens in a democracy have an interest in being able to listen to, access, read and form their own opinions even when they believe others views are politically, morally or personally offensive.
There are, of course, potential limits to free speech, such as national security concerns, or when it can cause harm to others.
Free speech is critically important to writers of fiction and non-fiction since the essence of their work is to communicate ideas to the public. Writers in countries that don't support free speech have been jailed, tortured, or even killed for expressing their ideas.
Any approval or curtailment of free speech, such as banning or burning books, creates a slippery slope that can lead democratic countries toward totalitarianism.
John Stuart Mill, a critical contributor to debates about free speech is particularly concerned about silencing opinions held by very few people because unfashionable ideas have potential value for humanity. Their minority views may end up being the opportunity to exchange truth for error.
Warburton's book provides arguments and viewpoints from all angles regarding free speech.
One of the closing quotes is from Helena Kennedy, "Free speech is one of the core values in a democracy and it should be championed with a vengeance."
Freedom of speech is considered one of the most fundamental human freedoms, especially in modern liberal democracies. It has become de facto THE litmus test of overall freedom that citizens of any society enjoy. And yet, the notion that we should have this freedom is relatively recent. The modern understanding of this freedom can more or less be traced to John Stewart Mill's "On Liberty," although there have been acknowledgements of the importance of freedom of speech that precede that work.
This very short introduction covers some of those historical developments, but most of the book is dedicated to the contemporary controversies that surround various interpretations and limitations of the freedom of speech. In particular, the book deals with the famous quote of Oliver Wendell Holmes that freedom of speech does not entail falsely shouting "fire" in a crowded theatre and similar instances where speech can lead to physical or psychological harm. The book gives other examples of where our abstract notions of freedom of speech may collide with reality. The author is very good at appreciating the fact that the real world is very different from an academic discussion seminar, and many practical considerations oftentimes need to be taken into the account when deciding what should and should not be protected as free speech.
I find this book to be operating from a slight (perhaps unconscious) bias in its treatment of blasphemy and pornography. It seems to imply that religious and anti-religious "speech" (however one defines it) is really not categorically different from other forms of speech and ideas, while on the other hand the author is willing to concede that there is something categorically different when it comes to pornography. While I in fact more or less agree with the conclusions or the general attitude of the author to how these two categories of speech should be handled, I think that religion is a fundamentally separate category of speech and needs to be handled as such. For if this were not the case, if religion were just yet another set of ideas amongst many, then all the laws that have been enacted to ensure the "separation of church and state" would be very grievous violations of the freedom of speech. And this, I am sure, neither the author nor most people this day would find a desirable way to interpret freedom of speech.
The last chapter deals with the intrinsic conflict between freedom of speech and the modern notion of copyright. Lime in most other discussions of the limitations of free speech that are presented in this book, it is quite clear that there are significant differences of opinion of what constitutes fair use of copyrighted material, across the world and within any given country. The arrival of the internet has only complicated these matters further. This could be a subject of a book in its own right, but this very short introduction does a fairly good job of at least bringing up all the main issues.
Based on all the controversies that have transpired over the years when the free speech is concerned, it is virtually certain that this will continue to be a much discussed topic for the foreseeable future. This little introduction, however, will continue to be relevant as an accessible overview of this fascinating topic for years to come. It is probably one of the most informative such introductions that are currently available.
Contemporary debate on Free Speech vs Hate Speech is tangled with dogma, emotional sentiments, acrimonious arguments about religion.
Most of us don’t know where to draw the line.
One approach would be to take, meat of this book in Chapter 2.
It talks about Mill’s Harm principle. Concisely — Mill takes a consequentialist approach for freedom of speech i.e greater the outcome of an action ought to be chosen eg: liberty, the best idea in society would automatically win, and get to truth. Does this mean, you’d allow, “Flat Earth.” Mill says, yes — why? Because, it would not be good to silence minority view, in doing so, would be tyranny.
Although, I am not sure how Mill defines truth. His theory of truth, could be debate, and his premise might hinge upon it.
Nigel takes a tour on famous cases on Free Speech, his example on famous Holocaust denier, brought lights to me on legal rights. English Courts declared, the historian as, “Holocaust Denier.” Thus discredited his academic credentials.
I’d recommend reading this to anyone interested in legal laws, liberty, utilitarianism.
You’d spend few hours in this book.
I'd suggest work of Roger Williams on Liberty of Conscience. He was, the founder of State of Rhode Island, U.S.
Nigel Recommends popular author, John Locke’s work on Toleration and John Stuart Mill’s work on Liberty.
Very short introduction to the concept of free speech. Especially the chapter on John Stuart Mills 'On liberty' made a lasting impression on me. Highly recommended, if you aren't familiar with the basic principles of free speech yet.
I love these ‘a very short introduction’ books, though a lot of the content I was already familiar with. But nevertheless a very eloquent and intelligible read for anyone looking for easy access to the history and ideas concerning free speech. Incidentally, this was my first encounter with Warburton; a very prolific writer, I’ve noticed. With his books added to the virtual shelves, I look forward to reading more of his writing in the future.
More informative than other books I've read on the subject, a solid grounding in the underlying philosophy and a dispassionate view of the competing viewpoints. While mainly written from a UK perspective, it includes a good overview of the American and European views. The author's restraint from editorializing is laudable, and the book is wonderfully brief. Highly recommended.
The title says it all -- this is a very short introduction to the philosophical issues surrounding freedom of speech. I found nothing new in it but it would be a good introduction for anyone not already familiar with such basics as Mill's Essay on Liberty.
A good summary of varied perspectives on the issue of free speech. This book provides an overview of major contested issues in the debate of free speech with rationale from both sides contesting the issue.
This book can fairly be judged by the cover: it is indeed short and only an introduction. Not at all badly done for that. But I guess I'm looking for more. So my rating (like for all books I review here) is a rating for ME not the whole universe of possible readers.
I discovered this book through Warburton's enjoyable and thought-provoking Philosophy Bites podcasts (produced with David Edmonds), and have also read his excellent Philosophy: The Basics. Like that book, this short overview of free speech provides a superb summary of the key issues in clear, non-technical language. It is divided into five chapters, plus a conclusion:
Chapter one briefly demonstrates the importance of free speech, but also shows how even free speech advocates have to draw the line somewhere and that simply declaring you are 'in favour of free speech' is a fairly meaningless statement. Chapter two focuses on John Stuart Mill's influential book On Liberty and examines how his ideas relate to contemporary issues such as the libel case brought against Deborah Lipstadt by discredited historian David Irving. Chapter three examines how far we should go in tolerating criticism of religion, and whether blasphemy deserves to be legislated against or if it is ultimately justified, from an atheist perspective, as an essentially victimless crime. Chapter four deals with the tricky case of pornography, and whether it can even be considered a type of speech, and therefore deserving of protection. Warburton goes into quite a lot of depth here, and gives both sides of the argument a fair hearing. Finally, chapter five looks at how the Internet has changed everything, for better or worse. By posting this review up on this website I am exercising my right to freely express my views to a potentially huge audience, but do I deserve that right when I can do so anonymously, without fear of serious rebuke or being subject to much in the way of quality control? A quick glance around any reviews site such as this or, for example, the comments section of a national newspaper, and it fast becomes apparent that sheer quantity of opinions frequently makes it difficult or even impossible for quality thoughts and ideas to be heard above the cacophony.
At just over a hundred pages long, it is certainly rather brief and I felt that perhaps there were still a few important issues left undiscussed that could have been squeezed in without compromising the nature of a short introduction. For example, the debate over climate change seems to be one of the most important of our time, and where to draw the line between allowing legitimate criticism of the science on the one hand, and censoring potentially devastating propaganda on the other, is an issue that affects us all and one that I would have liked to have seen given at least a passing mention.
This is the first book I've read on free speech, so I can't comment on how it compares to any others of a similar theme, but like many releases in the OUP Very Short Introduction series it provides a well-researched and balanced overview of the subject, presented in very readable language that nevertheless doesn't feel dumbed-down. If everyone devoted only a couple of hours to reading it and giving it some thought, the world might just be a saner place. Highly recommended.
Useful overview of main and recent issues regarding freedom of speech. Recommended. Well written and organized. Useful for a first approach to the matter.
As one would hope, this was a very clear short introduction to the subject of free speech. It's no small feat to condense such a complex topic like this, so reasonable success deserves applause. Warburton spends substantial time introducing Mill's notions of free speech as a basic necessity for any legitimate democratic government and Mill's arguments that undergird many modern defenses of the same, including the Millian notion that the only limit on free speech should be harm to others.
He recognizes that the Millian defense, entirely dependent on notions of philosophical or political debate, does a substantially worse job of defending pornography or art or anything else that may not be expressing an "opinion," at least not in any direct way. Then we see that defenses of free speech in the context of "giving offense" operate confidently within the mainstream of liberalist philosophy, whereas defenses in the context of "obscenity" don't work quite as well.
Given the biases of contemporary debate, it's probably appropriate that he spends considerable effort dealing with censorship of pornography, but it is disappointing that censorship of the arts gets tacked on as a passing mention at the end of pornography. Indeed, there's need for more careful articulation of why the arts need free speech attention, given the erosion of such notions in recent years even in the West. The general tendency is to just tack the arts on to all the other defenses. So we defend freedom of the press because obviously that's very important for democracy, and we also must defend artistic depictions of controversial topics because, well you know, arts are also a means whereby ideas can be expressed so they are covered by freedom of expression. Suffice to say, it's a noticeably less well articulated argument.
Warburton briefly deals at the end with the question of whether the Internet changes these conversations. He's a little lukewarm where he should be a lot more emphatic. The Internet has vastly expanded the applications and the kinds of debates we're having about freedom of expression. Also crucially, he should have stressed that the Internet undermines traditional notions of jurisdiction which has huge ramifications for attempts to regulate speech or expression.
Anyhow, anyone who cares about such things will surely read further. All in all, a laudable short introduction.
This book does its job excellently, setting out the philosophical grounding for free speech early on and then consistently applying it to the controversial and contemporary fringes of expression. That's one reason for recommendation; the other is its length. Even as far as Very Short Introductions go, this book is very short indeed, barely surpassing 100 pages (contrast that with the 125 and 150 pages of the other titles in my reading list), meaning it takes very little time to read (you could probably knock it out in a day if you wished.) I'm deducting a star because I occasionally found the writing opaque, and it repeats itself within the same segment occasionally. These minor quirks, however, should not put you off reading this- it's an incredibly valuable initiation into a topic people feel incredibly strongly about but which I knew very little.
Despite the brevity of the book, Nigel Warburton shows the complexity of debates about free speech, different ways to defend free speech while not sacrificing other values, and how difficult it is figure out where to draw the line on free speech.
For both free speech absolutists and those unfamiliar with the general principle, this book is a must read. In the climate today of people arguing vociferously about free speech, everyone could learn a little more about the opposing side through "Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction."
It was an interesting read. It raises issues I had not thought about and gives a quite good review of arguments for and against, in historical perspective. The author doesn't shy away from expressing what he thinks should be decided in certain cases, but I don't mind that. It provides good examples and often leaves you thinking about some difficult dilemmas. As a very short introduction to the subject, I think it is excellent. The writing style is very accessible and very enlightening.
Alright as an introduction, but really not anything more. I was a little disappointed, since I didn't come upon anything really new to me here, but maybe I shouldn't have expected it? "Very short introduction..." - well. Maybe four stars are merited. Since it's exactly what it is. Covers and discusses the concept of free speech vs other values and/or considerations shortly but to the point.