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العلم قيد المحاكمة " قضية التطور "
يهدف الكتاب إلى وصف أصل الفكر التطوري ومحتواه، لتقديم الأدلة على التطور، بهدف إظهار أن "مذهب الخلق" يفتقر إلى الدليل وأي إدعاء يزعم احترام علميته، ويولد صراعا في تركيبته الكبرى: السياسية والاجتماعية والتعليمية.
هو كتاب يضع العلم في ذروة المعرفة الإنسانية، متخذا من التطور والخلقوية نموذجين. والتطور، كما أصبح معروفا، لم يعد في الأشكال ولا التشريح والهياكل العظمية، بل أصبح على المستوى الجزئي، مؤكدا وجوده بآلياته وأمثلته التي طالت حتى الرئيسيات والقردة والإنسان.
The author strikes a telling blow for biology in the ongoing war of words with the 'creationists'. He provides a convincing explanation of the evolutionary process and at the same time an insight into the nature of scientific inquiry. "...can be read for pleasure and profit by people at all levels of biological sophistication ...a first-class book." The Quarterly Review of Biology
هو كتاب يضع العلم في ذروة المعرفة الإنسانية، متخذا من التطور والخلقوية نموذجين. والتطور، كما أصبح معروفا، لم يعد في الأشكال ولا التشريح والهياكل العظمية، بل أصبح على المستوى الجزئي، مؤكدا وجوده بآلياته وأمثلته التي طالت حتى الرئيسيات والقردة والإنسان.
The author strikes a telling blow for biology in the ongoing war of words with the 'creationists'. He provides a convincing explanation of the evolutionary process and at the same time an insight into the nature of scientific inquiry. "...can be read for pleasure and profit by people at all levels of biological sophistication ...a first-class book." The Quarterly Review of Biology
440 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1982
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November 24, 2020
كتاب مهم كمدخل للتعامل مع قضية التطور يشرح أراء أصحاب النظريتين: نظرية التطور والنظرية لخلقوية
كما يشرح عيوب المذهب الخلقوي الذي يستند لأراء من الكتب المقدسة
كما يري تفوق نظرية التطور في شرح وتفسير الكثير من الظواهر الحيوية التي لا يمكن للنظرية الخلقوية تفسيرها.
كما يشرح عيوب المذهب الخلقوي الذي يستند لأراء من الكتب المقدسة
كما يري تفوق نظرية التطور في شرح وتفسير الكثير من الظواهر الحيوية التي لا يمكن للنظرية الخلقوية تفسيرها.
July 23, 2017
تقول عالمة الاجتماع "دورثي نيليكين" أن معظم الناس يعتقدون أن العلم هو تجمع من الحقائق الثابتة فيتوقعون من العلماء أن يوفروا لهم إجابات قاطعة ومحددة، وإذا ما اتصفت إجاباتهم بأنها مؤقتة وتجريبية فلا يعدهم الناس علميين، وغير العلماء يجعلون قيمة النظرية العلمية معتمدة على تطبيقاتها وكونها مأمونة اجتماعياً.
من حسنات داروين الكثيرة أنه انتشل علم الأحياء من القرون الوسطى وحوله إلى علم يمكن دراسته مادياً واثبت أن الكائنات لها تاريخ وليس كما اعتقد "جون راي" حين كتب في سنة ١٧٠١ أن الكائنات ليس لها تاريخ وأنها عاشت في السابق كما تعيش الآن بنفس الأفعال والسلوكيات.
هذا الكتاب هو ثمرة للخلاف المعروف بين التطوريين والتكوينيين في أروقة المدارس الأمريكية حيث وُجد الخلاف الشديد حول تدريس مادة التطور وسفر التكوين في مختلف الولايات الأمريكية، ينتصر الكتاب لوجهة نظر نظرية التطور بطريقة كلاسيكية دون تقديم إجابات مقنعة لكثير من الأسئلة المطروحة حول سجل الأحافير والصدفة والغاية من التطور وغيرها.
من حسنات داروين الكثيرة أنه انتشل علم الأحياء من القرون الوسطى وحوله إلى علم يمكن دراسته مادياً واثبت أن الكائنات لها تاريخ وليس كما اعتقد "جون راي" حين كتب في سنة ١٧٠١ أن الكائنات ليس لها تاريخ وأنها عاشت في السابق كما تعيش الآن بنفس الأفعال والسلوكيات.
هذا الكتاب هو ثمرة للخلاف المعروف بين التطوريين والتكوينيين في أروقة المدارس الأمريكية حيث وُجد الخلاف الشديد حول تدريس مادة التطور وسفر التكوين في مختلف الولايات الأمريكية، ينتصر الكتاب لوجهة نظر نظرية التطور بطريقة كلاسيكية دون تقديم إجابات مقنعة لكثير من الأسئلة المطروحة حول سجل الأحافير والصدفة والغاية من التطور وغيرها.
January 15, 2019
لكن الحقيقة أن التطور قد حدث فعلاً ، وأنا أقول من مازال يؤمن بالخلقوية كمن يؤمن باللاشئ
February 13, 2018
كتاب جميل جدا
و يعتبر من افضل المداخل لفهم نظرية التطور ، و هو ملئ بالتفاصيل و المعلومات التي ترسم لك صورة كاملة عن التطور و أدلته
أعجبني طريقة سرد الأدلة بشكل تاريخي ممتع يبين لك مدى تضافر و تعاون جهود العلماء في مختلف المجالات للوقوف ع فهم صحيح للطبيعة حولنا
كان بإمكان المترجم أن يبذل جهدا افضل من هذا في صياغة الجمل و لذا اعطيت الكتاب 4 نجوم فقط
و يعتبر من افضل المداخل لفهم نظرية التطور ، و هو ملئ بالتفاصيل و المعلومات التي ترسم لك صورة كاملة عن التطور و أدلته
أعجبني طريقة سرد الأدلة بشكل تاريخي ممتع يبين لك مدى تضافر و تعاون جهود العلماء في مختلف المجالات للوقوف ع فهم صحيح للطبيعة حولنا
كان بإمكان المترجم أن يبذل جهدا افضل من هذا في صياغة الجمل و لذا اعطيت الكتاب 4 نجوم فقط
March 19, 2013
This is one of the best books that present compelling evidence of biological evolution. It is well written and fairly thorough.
December 6, 2013
This book crushes just about every creationist argument in relation to evolution I've ever heard. Many of my fellow Americans would benefit tremendously by reading it.
February 10, 2017
الكتاب يحشد لبيان ضعف مذهب الخلقوية في مقابل التطور مع شرح وافي لأهم منطلقات النظرية الحديثة
August 18, 2024
A BIOLOGY PROFESSOR PROVIDES A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF THE EVIDENCE
Douglas Joel Futuyma (born 1942) is an American biologist who is professor of ecology and evolution at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has also written books such as 'Evolutionary Biology.'
He wrote in the Preface to this 1983 book, "In the following pages I shall describe the evidence for evolution, explain how the evolutionary process is thought to operate, expose the fallacies in the arguments that creationists use, and place the controversy in a larger scientific and social context. I hope to show that the attack on evolution is an attack on science in general; that to accept the doctrine of creation... is to be guided by wishful thinking rather than by reason..." (Pg. xi)
He states, "The facts of embryology... make little sense except in light of evolution. Why should species that ultimately develop adaptations for utterly different ways of life be nearly indistinguishable in their early stages? How does God's plan for humans and sharks require them to have almost identical embryos?" (Pg. 48) He adds, "creationists are quite silent on the question of why the wings of birds and bats should be so utterly different in structure---why the structure of a bat's wing should resemble that of a monkey's hand more than that of a bird's wing." (Pg. 57)
He points out, "Another kind of prediction that taxonomists can make on the basis of logical deduction is that certain kinds of characteristics, not yet examined, should fit a phylogentic tree. Such predictions have been beautifully borne out in many cases when the molecular structure of various species' proteins has been examined." (Pg. 55) He argues that "There is no [fossil] gap between thrushes and wrens, between lizards and snakes, or between sharks and skates. A complete gamut of intermediate species runs from the great white shark to the butterfly ray, and each step in the series is a small one... Naturally, some gaps do exist... But in many such cases, we find that quite discrete categories... become more and more blurred as we go back in the fossil record." (Pg. 58)
About chemical evolution experiments, he observes that "It is important to realize that although human intelligence is guiding such experiments, chemists are not making RNA molecules by carefully stringing together nucleotides with sophisticated chemical techniques. They are simply providing in the laboratory the chemical and environmental conditions that are believed to have existed naturally billions of years ago." (Pg. 96)
He notes, "As Darwin pointed out, humans share with apes vestigial features that are clearly homologous... with those of other mammals, such as now useless muscles that once moved the ears and tail, and the vertebrae of the tail itself." (Pg. 100) Later, he adds, "There is not the slightest reason to think that many vestigial structures, which violate rational design, have any function. The pelvic bones of pythons and the rudimentary wings of many insects have no known function, and related species of snakes and insects lack them altogether." (Pg. 225)
He argues, "So is it true, as the creationists claim, that good mutations are vanishingly rare? Certainly it is true that many, many mutations are harmful. But even if only one hundredth of 1 percent of all mutations are beneficial, 20,000 of them should crop up in the gypsy moths of Long Island just this year." (Pg. 141) Against the creationists' argument that evolution is not scientifically testable, he suggests, "Many conceivable observations, such as mammalian fossils in Precambrian rocks, could refute the hypothesis of evolution." (Pg. 222)
This is an excellent, detailed critique of creationist arguments as well as a presentation of many persuasive arguments in favor of evolution. Though thirty years old, this book is still an excellent resource for anyone studying the Creation/Evolution controversy.
Douglas Joel Futuyma (born 1942) is an American biologist who is professor of ecology and evolution at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has also written books such as 'Evolutionary Biology.'
He wrote in the Preface to this 1983 book, "In the following pages I shall describe the evidence for evolution, explain how the evolutionary process is thought to operate, expose the fallacies in the arguments that creationists use, and place the controversy in a larger scientific and social context. I hope to show that the attack on evolution is an attack on science in general; that to accept the doctrine of creation... is to be guided by wishful thinking rather than by reason..." (Pg. xi)
He states, "The facts of embryology... make little sense except in light of evolution. Why should species that ultimately develop adaptations for utterly different ways of life be nearly indistinguishable in their early stages? How does God's plan for humans and sharks require them to have almost identical embryos?" (Pg. 48) He adds, "creationists are quite silent on the question of why the wings of birds and bats should be so utterly different in structure---why the structure of a bat's wing should resemble that of a monkey's hand more than that of a bird's wing." (Pg. 57)
He points out, "Another kind of prediction that taxonomists can make on the basis of logical deduction is that certain kinds of characteristics, not yet examined, should fit a phylogentic tree. Such predictions have been beautifully borne out in many cases when the molecular structure of various species' proteins has been examined." (Pg. 55) He argues that "There is no [fossil] gap between thrushes and wrens, between lizards and snakes, or between sharks and skates. A complete gamut of intermediate species runs from the great white shark to the butterfly ray, and each step in the series is a small one... Naturally, some gaps do exist... But in many such cases, we find that quite discrete categories... become more and more blurred as we go back in the fossil record." (Pg. 58)
About chemical evolution experiments, he observes that "It is important to realize that although human intelligence is guiding such experiments, chemists are not making RNA molecules by carefully stringing together nucleotides with sophisticated chemical techniques. They are simply providing in the laboratory the chemical and environmental conditions that are believed to have existed naturally billions of years ago." (Pg. 96)
He notes, "As Darwin pointed out, humans share with apes vestigial features that are clearly homologous... with those of other mammals, such as now useless muscles that once moved the ears and tail, and the vertebrae of the tail itself." (Pg. 100) Later, he adds, "There is not the slightest reason to think that many vestigial structures, which violate rational design, have any function. The pelvic bones of pythons and the rudimentary wings of many insects have no known function, and related species of snakes and insects lack them altogether." (Pg. 225)
He argues, "So is it true, as the creationists claim, that good mutations are vanishingly rare? Certainly it is true that many, many mutations are harmful. But even if only one hundredth of 1 percent of all mutations are beneficial, 20,000 of them should crop up in the gypsy moths of Long Island just this year." (Pg. 141) Against the creationists' argument that evolution is not scientifically testable, he suggests, "Many conceivable observations, such as mammalian fossils in Precambrian rocks, could refute the hypothesis of evolution." (Pg. 222)
This is an excellent, detailed critique of creationist arguments as well as a presentation of many persuasive arguments in favor of evolution. Though thirty years old, this book is still an excellent resource for anyone studying the Creation/Evolution controversy.
November 1, 2022
Science on Trial is a book that supports the idea of human evolution and provides evidence as to why human evolution is a fact and not a theory. Something that differentiates this book from others is how the author managed to combine a textbook and an opinion into a book a well-written book. Many books only provide the author's opinion while others only provide evidence, but this book had a good ratio between these two. Probably being the reason why I liked this book more than other books. The only reason why I'm giving this book four stars is that to understand this book, you need to have some knowledge of biology, so those people that don't know anything about biology are going to have a hard time understanding this book. I would recommend this book to people that are intrigued by human evolution or to people who are just looking to learn more about human biology.
March 21, 2018
كتاب ممل ، فيه تكرار كتير ، و سرد زائد عن حاجة العوام للامثله المتخصصه و تفاصيلها ، و يعتبر تكرار للكتب اللي معموله كرد على الخلقويين
June 10, 2019
الكتاب ممتاز جدا لمن أراد الاطلاع على ردود أنصار نظرية التطور على اعتراضات الخلقيين .
July 23, 2009
provides the reader with great points for debating that evolution is a law.
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