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袥懈褋褌懈 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪
This new book, by one of Ukraine's most prominent young literary figures, is an eyewitness account of the political and cultural changes in the tumultuous months of 1990-91 that led to Ukraine's declaration of independence. Solomea Pavlychko, a specialist in British and American literature whose translations include works by D.H. Lawrence and William Golding, provides a lucid, incisive picture of the key events in this remarkable period, capturing superbly the hopes and fears of those involved. Letters from Kiev is expertly translated by Myrna Kostash and the text is fully annotated for the Western reader by Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko, to whom Solomea Pavlychko originally wrote her letters. Also included are a number of memorable pictures of the crisis by Ukrainian photographers.
- GenresHistoryNonfiction
159 pages, Paperback
First published October 1, 1992
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小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯
15听books14听followers小芯谢芯屑褨虂褟 袛屑懈虂褌褉褨胁薪邪 袩邪胁谢懈虂褔泻芯 (Solomea Pavlychko) 鈥� 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈褑褟, 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉芯蟹薪邪胁械褑褜, 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褔, 锌褍斜谢褨褑懈褋褌泻邪, 邪胁褌芯褉 锌褉邪褑褜 蟹 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 褎械屑褨薪褨蟹屑褍.
袧邪褉芯写懈谢邪褋褟 15 谐褉褍写薪褟 1959 褉芯泻褍 胁 屑褨褋褌褨 袥褜胁芯胁褨 胁 褋褨屑'褩 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻邪 袛屑懈褌褉邪 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻邪. 袟邪泻褨薪褔懈谢邪 胁褨写写褨谢械薪薪褟 褉芯屑邪薪芯-谐械褉屑邪薪褋褜泻懈褏 屑芯胁 褨 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 袣懈褩胁褋褜泻芯谐芯 写械褉卸邪胁薪芯谐芯 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褍 褨屑械薪褨 孝邪褉邪褋邪 楔械胁褔械薪泻邪, 邪褋锌褨褉邪薪褌褍褉褍 锌褉懈 薪褜芯屑褍. 袟 1985 褉芯泻褍 锌褉邪褑褞胁邪谢邪 胁 袉薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褨 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 袧袗袧 校泻褉邪褩薪懈. 袟邪褏懈褋褌懈谢邪 写芯泻褌芯褉褋褜泻褍 写懈褋械褉褌邪褑褨褞. 袛芯泻褌芯褉 褎褨谢芯谢芯谐褨褔薪懈褏 薪邪褍泻, 锌褉芯褎械褋芯褉 袣懈褦胁芯-袦芯谐懈谢褟薪褋褜泻芯褩 邪泻邪写械屑褨褩, 褔谢械薪 小锌褨谢泻懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻褨胁 校泻褉邪褩薪懈. 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 褌邪泻芯卸 斜褍谢邪 谐芯褋褌械屑-胁懈泻谢邪写邪褔械屑 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褩 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 胁 袗谢褜斜械褉褌褋褜泻芯屑褍 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褨 褨 胁 袚邪褉胁邪褉写褨, 泻褍写懈 褩褩 蟹邪锌褉芯褕械薪芯 褟泻 褋褌懈锌械薪写褨邪褌邪 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑懈 肖褍谢斜褉邪泄褌邪.
校 1992 褉芯褑褨 小芯谢芯屑褨褦褞 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 斜褍谢芯 褋褌胁芯褉械薪械 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褑褌胁芯 芦袨褋薪芯胁懈禄, 褍 褟泻芯屑褍 胁芯薪邪 写芯 谐褉褍写薪褟 1999 褉芯泻褍 薪械蟹屑褨薪薪芯 芯褔芯谢褞胁邪谢邪 褉械写邪泻褑褨泄薪褍 褉邪写褍 褨 褎芯褉屑褍胁邪谢邪 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褔褍 锌芯谢褨褌懈泻褍.
袧邪褉芯写懈谢邪褋褟 15 谐褉褍写薪褟 1959 褉芯泻褍 胁 屑褨褋褌褨 袥褜胁芯胁褨 胁 褋褨屑'褩 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻邪 袛屑懈褌褉邪 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻邪. 袟邪泻褨薪褔懈谢邪 胁褨写写褨谢械薪薪褟 褉芯屑邪薪芯-谐械褉屑邪薪褋褜泻懈褏 屑芯胁 褨 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 袣懈褩胁褋褜泻芯谐芯 写械褉卸邪胁薪芯谐芯 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褍 褨屑械薪褨 孝邪褉邪褋邪 楔械胁褔械薪泻邪, 邪褋锌褨褉邪薪褌褍褉褍 锌褉懈 薪褜芯屑褍. 袟 1985 褉芯泻褍 锌褉邪褑褞胁邪谢邪 胁 袉薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褨 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 袧袗袧 校泻褉邪褩薪懈. 袟邪褏懈褋褌懈谢邪 写芯泻褌芯褉褋褜泻褍 写懈褋械褉褌邪褑褨褞. 袛芯泻褌芯褉 褎褨谢芯谢芯谐褨褔薪懈褏 薪邪褍泻, 锌褉芯褎械褋芯褉 袣懈褦胁芯-袦芯谐懈谢褟薪褋褜泻芯褩 邪泻邪写械屑褨褩, 褔谢械薪 小锌褨谢泻懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻褨胁 校泻褉邪褩薪懈. 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 褌邪泻芯卸 斜褍谢邪 谐芯褋褌械屑-胁懈泻谢邪写邪褔械屑 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褩 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 胁 袗谢褜斜械褉褌褋褜泻芯屑褍 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褨 褨 胁 袚邪褉胁邪褉写褨, 泻褍写懈 褩褩 蟹邪锌褉芯褕械薪芯 褟泻 褋褌懈锌械薪写褨邪褌邪 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑懈 肖褍谢斜褉邪泄褌邪.
校 1992 褉芯褑褨 小芯谢芯屑褨褦褞 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 斜褍谢芯 褋褌胁芯褉械薪械 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褑褌胁芯 芦袨褋薪芯胁懈禄, 褍 褟泻芯屑褍 胁芯薪邪 写芯 谐褉褍写薪褟 1999 褉芯泻褍 薪械蟹屑褨薪薪芯 芯褔芯谢褞胁邪谢邪 褉械写邪泻褑褨泄薪褍 褉邪写褍 褨 褎芯褉屑褍胁邪谢邪 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褔褍 锌芯谢褨褌懈泻褍.
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March 23, 2024
袩邪谢邪褌懈 褨写械褦褞 薪邪褋褌褨谢褜泻懈, 褖芯斜 邪) 蟹邪褏懈褋褌懈褌懈 蟹邪 褌械屑芯褞 写芯泻褌芯褉褋褜泻褍 写懈褋械褉褌邪褑褨褞 褨 斜) 薪邪 芯褋薪芯胁褨 写懈褋械褉褌邪褑褨褩 胁懈写邪褌懈 卸胁邪胁褍 泻薪懈谐褍, 胁 蟹邪谐芯谢芯胁芯泻 泻芯褌褉芯褩 胁锌懈褋邪褌懈 褋谢芯胁芯, 泻芯褌褉械 褍 屑芯胁褨 胁懈写邪薪薪褟 蟹始褟胁谢褟褦褌褜褋褟 胁锌械褉褕械.
袧褨, 褑械 薪械 袦械褉褨 袘械褉写 褨蟹 褩褩 斜谢懈褋泻褍褔芯褞 "S.P.Q.R....".
些芯斜 蟹褉芯斜懈褌懈 褌械, 褖芯 蟹褉芯斜懈谢邪 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 胁 褔邪褋懈 锌械褉械褋褌褉芯泄泻懈 褌邪 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨泄, 褌褉械斜邪 斜褍褌懈 蟹斜褨褋邪 胁褨写胁邪卸薪芯褞.
袟写邪褦褌褜褋褟, 蟹-锌褨写 褩褩 锌邪谢褜褑褨胁 褍 褑懈褏 谢懈褋褌邪褏-褏褉芯薪褨泻邪褏 薪械 蟹始褟胁谢褟褦褌褜褋褟 褋谢芯胁芯 "斜械蟹胁懈褏褨写褜". 孝邪 褌芯 斜褍谢懈 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪芯 褌械屑薪褨 褔邪褋懈 写谢褟 褍泻褉邪褩薪褑褨胁. 些芯, 褟泻斜懈 袥械胁泻芯 袥褍泻始褟薪械薪泻芯 褋褌邪胁 写谢褟 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 锌械褉褕懈屑 袩褉械蟹懈写械薪褌芯屑? 袙褌褨屑, 褋褞卸械褌懈 邪谢褜褌械褉薪邪褌懈胁薪芯褩 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 蟹邪谢懈褕懈屑芯 薪邪 写邪谢械泻芯 锌芯褌褨屑.
携, 锌褉芯卸懈胁邪褞褔懈 褋胁褨泄 2024, 褋谢褍褏邪谢邪 褑褨 谢懈褋褌懈 蟹 泻谢褍斜泻芯屑 褍 谐芯褉谢褨. 袉 蟹 锌褉械胁械谢懈泻芯褞 谐芯褉写褨褋褌褞 蟹邪 褑褞 卸褨薪泻褍.
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袣芯谢懈 胁 泻芯褉芯褌泻褨泄 胁褨蟹懈褌褨胁褑褨 褋褌邪褌褌褨 锌褉芯 锌芯褋褌邪褌褜 蟹薪邪褔懈褌褜褋褟 "胁写褨胁械褑褜 小芯谢芯屑褨褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯, 蟹褟褌褜 袛屑懈褌褉邪 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻邪", 斜褍写褜-褟泻褨 褨薪褕褨 胁懈褟胁懈 芯褋芯斜懈褋褌芯谐芯 胁懈蟹薪邪薪薪褟 胁懈谐谢褟写邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 薪邪写褌芯 褌褜屑褟薪芯.
袧褨, 褑械 薪械 袦械褉褨 袘械褉写 褨蟹 褩褩 斜谢懈褋泻褍褔芯褞 "S.P.Q.R....".
些芯斜 蟹褉芯斜懈褌懈 褌械, 褖芯 蟹褉芯斜懈谢邪 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 胁 褔邪褋懈 锌械褉械褋褌褉芯泄泻懈 褌邪 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨泄, 褌褉械斜邪 斜褍褌懈 蟹斜褨褋邪 胁褨写胁邪卸薪芯褞.
袟写邪褦褌褜褋褟, 蟹-锌褨写 褩褩 锌邪谢褜褑褨胁 褍 褑懈褏 谢懈褋褌邪褏-褏褉芯薪褨泻邪褏 薪械 蟹始褟胁谢褟褦褌褜褋褟 褋谢芯胁芯 "斜械蟹胁懈褏褨写褜". 孝邪 褌芯 斜褍谢懈 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪芯 褌械屑薪褨 褔邪褋懈 写谢褟 褍泻褉邪褩薪褑褨胁. 些芯, 褟泻斜懈 袥械胁泻芯 袥褍泻始褟薪械薪泻芯 褋褌邪胁 写谢褟 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 锌械褉褕懈屑 袩褉械蟹懈写械薪褌芯屑? 袙褌褨屑, 褋褞卸械褌懈 邪谢褜褌械褉薪邪褌懈胁薪芯褩 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 蟹邪谢懈褕懈屑芯 薪邪 写邪谢械泻芯 锌芯褌褨屑.
携, 锌褉芯卸懈胁邪褞褔懈 褋胁褨泄 2024, 褋谢褍褏邪谢邪 褑褨 谢懈褋褌懈 蟹 泻谢褍斜泻芯屑 褍 谐芯褉谢褨. 袉 蟹 锌褉械胁械谢懈泻芯褞 谐芯褉写褨褋褌褞 蟹邪 褑褞 卸褨薪泻褍.
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袣芯谢懈 胁 泻芯褉芯褌泻褨泄 胁褨蟹懈褌褨胁褑褨 褋褌邪褌褌褨 锌褉芯 锌芯褋褌邪褌褜 蟹薪邪褔懈褌褜褋褟 "胁写褨胁械褑褜 小芯谢芯屑褨褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯, 蟹褟褌褜 袛屑懈褌褉邪 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻邪", 斜褍写褜-褟泻褨 褨薪褕褨 胁懈褟胁懈 芯褋芯斜懈褋褌芯谐芯 胁懈蟹薪邪薪薪褟 胁懈谐谢褟写邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 薪邪写褌芯 褌褜屑褟薪芯.
November 11, 2024
袟褉褨蟹 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯-锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪芯谐芯 卸懈褌褌褟 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 1990-91 褉芯泻褨胁, 褑褨泻邪胁懈泄 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褌懈屑, 褏褌芯 (褟泻 褟) 薪械 蟹薪邪褦 斜邪谐邪褌褜芯褏 写褨泄芯胁懈褏 芯褋褨斜 褌芯谐芯 褔邪褋褍. 袗胁褌芯褉泻邪 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌褜 锌褉芯 褋褌邪褉懈泄 褉械卸懈屑, 薪芯胁褨 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪褨 胁褨褟薪薪褟, 效芯褉薪芯斜懈谢褜; 锌褉芯 薪械胁锌械胁薪械薪褨褋褌褜 褍 褌械锌械褉褨褕薪褜芯屑褍 褌邪 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯屑褍. 袩芯写械泻褍写懈 薪邪锌褉芯褕褍褞褌褜褋褟 锌邪褉邪谢械谢褨 蟹 2014 褌邪 薪邪胁褨褌褜 2022 褉芯泻邪屑懈. 袛械褟泻褨 褉械褔褨 锌芯胁械褉薪褍谢懈褋褟, 褨薪褕褨 (褟泻 褋胁邪胁褨谢谢褟 褍 袙袪) 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 胁懈褏芯写懈谢懈 蟹 屑芯写懈.
May 7, 2023
"袥懈褋褌懈 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪" 锌褉懈泄褕谢懈 写芯 薪邪褋 褔械褉械蟹 褉芯泻懈 锌褨褋谢褟 芯锌褍斜谢褨泻褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁 袣邪薪邪写褨. 笑械 褋褌褉懈斜芯泻 褍 褔邪褋褨 写谢褟 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褨褏 锌芯泻芯谢褨薪褜 褌邪 薪邪谐邪写褍胁邪薪薪褟 褌芯写褨褕薪褨屑 褋褍褔邪褋薪懈泻邪屑 锌褉芯 锌芯写褨褩 1990-1991 褉褉. - 10 屑褨褋褟褑褨胁 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈褏 锌械褉懈锌械褌褨泄 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褩 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩.
袗胁褌芯褉泻邪 锌懈褋邪谢邪 褑褨 谢懈褋褌懈 袘芯谐写邪薪芯胁褨 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻芯胁褨, 写懈褉械泻褌芯褉褍 袣邪薪邪写褋褜泻芯谐芯 褨薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褍 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 褋褌褍写褨泄 褍 袣邪薪邪写褨, 薪邪 泻芯屑锌'褞褌械褉褨, 褟泻懈泄 锌褉懈胁械蟹谢邪 写芯 袣懈褦胁邪. 袟谐邪写褍褦 芯写懈薪 锌褉懈泻褉懈泄 胁懈锌邪写芯泻, 泻芯谢懈 褩泄 写芯胁械谢芯褋褟 锌械褉械写褉褍泻芯胁褍胁邪褌懈 薪邪斜褉邪薪懈泄 薪邪 泻芯屑锌'褞褌械褉褨 褌械泻褋褌 薪邪 胁懈屑芯谐褍 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褑褌胁邪 褔械褉械蟹 褋芯胁褦褑褜泻褨 褋褌邪薪写邪褉褌懈.
袗褌屑芯褋褎械褉邪 褌芯谐芯褔邪褋薪芯谐芯 袣懈褦胁邪, 褋褌邪薪 谢褞写械泄 褌邪 褩褏 薪邪褋褌褉芯褩, 锌褍褋褌褨 锌褉芯写褍泻褌芯胁褨 锌芯谢懈褑褨, 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨褋褌褜 锌邪锌械褉褍 写谢褟 写褉褍泻褍 泻薪懈谐, 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈 效芯褉薪芯斜懈谢褜褋褜泻芯褩 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎懈 褌邪 褋褌褉邪褏 褉邪写褨邪褑褨褩 - 薪邪斜褍褌泻懈 70-谢褨褌薪褜芯谐芯 褨谐邪 锌褨写 薪邪蟹胁芯褞 小袪小袪.
"邪 写械 褦 褉褍褏 - 褦 褟泻邪褋褜 薪邪写褨褟".
袗胁褌芯褉泻邪 锌懈褋邪谢邪 褑褨 谢懈褋褌懈 袘芯谐写邪薪芯胁褨 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻芯胁褨, 写懈褉械泻褌芯褉褍 袣邪薪邪写褋褜泻芯谐芯 褨薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褍 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 褋褌褍写褨泄 褍 袣邪薪邪写褨, 薪邪 泻芯屑锌'褞褌械褉褨, 褟泻懈泄 锌褉懈胁械蟹谢邪 写芯 袣懈褦胁邪. 袟谐邪写褍褦 芯写懈薪 锌褉懈泻褉懈泄 胁懈锌邪写芯泻, 泻芯谢懈 褩泄 写芯胁械谢芯褋褟 锌械褉械写褉褍泻芯胁褍胁邪褌懈 薪邪斜褉邪薪懈泄 薪邪 泻芯屑锌'褞褌械褉褨 褌械泻褋褌 薪邪 胁懈屑芯谐褍 胁懈写邪胁薪懈褑褌胁邪 褔械褉械蟹 褋芯胁褦褑褜泻褨 褋褌邪薪写邪褉褌懈.
袗褌屑芯褋褎械褉邪 褌芯谐芯褔邪褋薪芯谐芯 袣懈褦胁邪, 褋褌邪薪 谢褞写械泄 褌邪 褩褏 薪邪褋褌褉芯褩, 锌褍褋褌褨 锌褉芯写褍泻褌芯胁褨 锌芯谢懈褑褨, 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨褋褌褜 锌邪锌械褉褍 写谢褟 写褉褍泻褍 泻薪懈谐, 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈 效芯褉薪芯斜懈谢褜褋褜泻芯褩 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎懈 褌邪 褋褌褉邪褏 褉邪写褨邪褑褨褩 - 薪邪斜褍褌泻懈 70-谢褨褌薪褜芯谐芯 褨谐邪 锌褨写 薪邪蟹胁芯褞 小袪小袪.
"邪 写械 褦 褉褍褏 - 褦 褟泻邪褋褜 薪邪写褨褟".
March 28, 2020
I really enjoyed reading this set of letters about the immense drama and caos going on in the early 90s in Ukraine. Solomea Pavlychko greatly describes events, that were held there, people's thoughts and affecting conditions they were living in as well as happenings in her and her family's lives. The book has precisely shown me that little part of my country's history.
February 23, 2025
袙褉邪卸邪褞褔械 褋屑褨谢懈胁褨 褨 褋褍褔邪褋薪褨 锌芯谐谢褟写懈 锌械褉械泻谢邪写邪褔泻懈, 锌褍斜谢褨褑懈褋褌泻懈, 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉芯蟹薪邪胁褑褨, 胁懈泻谢邪写邪褔泻懈 褨 褎械屑褨薪褨褋褌泻懈 小芯谢芯屑褨褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 薪邪 褋泻谢邪写薪褨 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯-锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪褨 锌褉芯褑械褋懈 1990 - 1991 褉褉. 袙 谢懈褋褌邪褏 褋胁芯褦屑褍 写褉褍谐芯胁褨 锌芯谢褨褌芯谢芯谐褍 蟹 袝写屑芯薪褌芯薪邪 袘芯谐写邪薪芯胁褨 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻褍 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 胁褨写泻褉懈胁邪褦 谢褨褌芯锌懈褋 锌芯写褨泄, 褖芯 谢褟谐谢懈 胁 芯褋薪芯胁褍 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褩 校泻褉邪褩薪懈. 袥懈褋褌懈 写芯锌芯屑邪谐邪褞褌褜 褋泻谢邪褋褌懈 写芯泻谢邪写薪褍 褏褉芯薪芯谢芯谐褨褞 锌芯写褨泄 褨 胁褨写泻褉懈褌懈 薪械蟹胁懈褔邪泄薪褨 褨褋褌芯褉懈褔薪褨 锌邪褉邪谢械谢褨.
袨褋褜 写械泻褨谢褜泻邪 薪械 褕懈褉芯泻芯 胁褨写芯屑懈褏 褎邪泻褌褨胁: 锌邪屑始褟褌薪懈泻懈 袥械薪褨薪褍 锌芯褔邪谢懈 褋泻懈写邪褌懈 褟泻 胁 蟹邪褏褨写薪懈褏, 褌邪泻 褨 胁 褋褏褨写薪懈褏 芯斜谢邪褋褌褟褏 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褨写械褞 褋械锌邪褉邪褌懈蟹屑褍 胁 袛芯薪械褑褜泻褍 锌芯褔邪谢懈 锌褉芯褋褍胁邪褌懈 褖械 胁 1990 褉芯褑褨, 袣袛袘 褨薪褋锌褨褉褍胁邪谢芯 斜芯褉芯褌褜斜褍 屑褨卸 谐褉芯屑邪写邪屑懈 谐褉械泻芯-泻邪褌芯谢懈泻褨胁 褌邪 校袩笑 袦袩 胁 蟹邪褏褨写薪懈褏 芯斜谢邪褋褌褟褏 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 锌褉械胁邪谢褞褞褔褨 泻芯屑褍薪褨褋褌懈褔薪褨 褋懈谢懈 胁 袙械褉褏芯胁薪褨泄 褉邪写褨 褋锌械泻褍谢褞胁邪谢懈 薪邪 褌芯屑褍, 褖芯 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪褨 褋懈谢懈 斜芯褉褟褌褜褋褟 谢懈褕械 蟹邪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褍 褋懈屑胁芯谢褨泻褍, 薪械芯褔褨泻褍胁邪薪邪 锌械褉械屑芯谐邪 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨褩 薪邪 谐褉邪薪褨褌褨 - 褍褋锌褨褏 褋褌褍写械薪褌褋褜泻芯褩 邪泻褑褨褩 蟹邪 锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟 邪泻褌褍 锌褉芯 写械褉卸邪胁薪懈泄 褋褍胁械褉械薪褨褌械褌 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褋锌褉懈褔懈薪懈胁 褑褨谢懈泄 褉褟写 邪泻褑褨泄 蟹邪 锌褉邪胁邪 屑械写懈泻褨胁 胁 袛芯薪械褑褜泻褍, 写褉褍卸懈薪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 胁 袟邪锌芯褉褨卸卸褨.
袙褋褨 褑褨 锌芯写褨褩 锌芯泻邪蟹邪薪褨 芯褔懈屑邪 褨薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢泻懈, 谐褉芯屑邪写褋褜泻芯褩 写褨褟褔泻懈, 褖芯 褌褨谢褜泻懈-薪芯 锌芯胁械褉薪褍谢邪褋褟 写芯 褉邪写褟薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 袣懈褦胁邪 锌褨褋谢褟 胁懈泻谢邪写邪薪薪褟 胁 袗谢褜斜械褉褌褋褜泻芯屑褍 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褨 袝写屑芯薪褌芯薪邪. 袊泄 斜芯谢懈褌褜 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹邪褑褨褟 褨 胁 褌芯泄 卸械 褔邪褋 斜邪泄写褍卸械 褋褌邪胁谢械薪薪褟 写芯 锌褉芯斜谢械屑 褨 胁懈泻谢懈泻褨胁 卸褨薪泻懈 胁 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯屑褍 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁褨, 褩褩 胁褉邪卸邪褦 锌芯写械泻褍写懈 写懈泻褨褋褌褜, 芦薪械芯泻褍谢褜褌褍褉械薪褨褋褌褜禄 泻芯谢械谐 锌芯 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褍 褌邪 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈褏 写褨褟褔褨胁, 褉邪蟹芯屑 蟹 褌懈屑, 胁芯薪邪 屑邪褦 芯锌褌懈屑褨蟹屑 褖芯写芯 褉芯蟹斜褍写芯胁懈 褋邪屑芯褋褌褨泄薪芯褩 校泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褩 写械褉卸邪胁懈, 蟹邪锌懈褌 薪邪 褟泻褍 胁 褉邪薪薪褨 90-褌褨 褋褌邪胁 薪械锌械褉械斜芯褉薪懈屑.
袪芯蟹褍屑褨薪薪褟 薪械斜械蟹锌械褔薪芯谐芯, 锌芯胁薪芯谐芯 锌褉芯褌懈褉褨褔 褨 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 薪邪锌褉褍卸械薪薪褟 褌谢邪, 写邪褦 芯褋褟谐薪褍褌懈 褔褍写芯 蟹写芯斜褍褌褌褟 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌褨 褨 锌械褉械屑芯谐懈 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪懈褏 锌褉芯褑械褋褨胁 胁 校泻褉邪褩薪褨, 褨 谐械薪褨泄 褌懈褏, 褏褌芯 褋褌芯褟胁 蟹邪 薪懈屑懈. 袩芯胁邪谐褍 胁懈泻谢懈泻邪褦 写褨褟谢褜薪褨褋褌褜 褋邪屑芯褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 褟泻 胁 薪邪褍泻芯胁褨泄 写褨褟谢褜薪芯褋褌褨, 褌邪泻 褨 胁 卸褨薪芯褔芯屑褍 泻褉懈谢褨 芦袧邪褉芯写薪芯谐芯 袪褍褏褍 校泻褉邪褩薪懈禄. 袙芯薪邪 锌懈褕械 褋褌邪褌褍褌 芯褉谐邪薪褨蟹邪褑褨褩 胁 褎械屑褨薪褨褋褌懈褔薪芯屑褍 写褍褋褨, 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褞褔懈, 褖芯 薪邪胁褨褌褜 锌芯锌谢褨褔薪懈褑褨 锌芯泻懈 薪械 谐芯褌芯胁褨 胁锌芯胁薪褨 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌懈 锌褉芯锌芯薪芯胁邪薪褨 薪械褞 褨写械褩.
袨褋褜 写械泻褨谢褜泻邪 薪械 褕懈褉芯泻芯 胁褨写芯屑懈褏 褎邪泻褌褨胁: 锌邪屑始褟褌薪懈泻懈 袥械薪褨薪褍 锌芯褔邪谢懈 褋泻懈写邪褌懈 褟泻 胁 蟹邪褏褨写薪懈褏, 褌邪泻 褨 胁 褋褏褨写薪懈褏 芯斜谢邪褋褌褟褏 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褨写械褞 褋械锌邪褉邪褌懈蟹屑褍 胁 袛芯薪械褑褜泻褍 锌芯褔邪谢懈 锌褉芯褋褍胁邪褌懈 褖械 胁 1990 褉芯褑褨, 袣袛袘 褨薪褋锌褨褉褍胁邪谢芯 斜芯褉芯褌褜斜褍 屑褨卸 谐褉芯屑邪写邪屑懈 谐褉械泻芯-泻邪褌芯谢懈泻褨胁 褌邪 校袩笑 袦袩 胁 蟹邪褏褨写薪懈褏 芯斜谢邪褋褌褟褏 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 锌褉械胁邪谢褞褞褔褨 泻芯屑褍薪褨褋褌懈褔薪褨 褋懈谢懈 胁 袙械褉褏芯胁薪褨泄 褉邪写褨 褋锌械泻褍谢褞胁邪谢懈 薪邪 褌芯屑褍, 褖芯 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪褨 褋懈谢懈 斜芯褉褟褌褜褋褟 谢懈褕械 蟹邪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褍 褋懈屑胁芯谢褨泻褍, 薪械芯褔褨泻褍胁邪薪邪 锌械褉械屑芯谐邪 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨褩 薪邪 谐褉邪薪褨褌褨 - 褍褋锌褨褏 褋褌褍写械薪褌褋褜泻芯褩 邪泻褑褨褩 蟹邪 锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟 邪泻褌褍 锌褉芯 写械褉卸邪胁薪懈泄 褋褍胁械褉械薪褨褌械褌 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褋锌褉懈褔懈薪懈胁 褑褨谢懈泄 褉褟写 邪泻褑褨泄 蟹邪 锌褉邪胁邪 屑械写懈泻褨胁 胁 袛芯薪械褑褜泻褍, 写褉褍卸懈薪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 胁 袟邪锌芯褉褨卸卸褨.
袙褋褨 褑褨 锌芯写褨褩 锌芯泻邪蟹邪薪褨 芯褔懈屑邪 褨薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢泻懈, 谐褉芯屑邪写褋褜泻芯褩 写褨褟褔泻懈, 褖芯 褌褨谢褜泻懈-薪芯 锌芯胁械褉薪褍谢邪褋褟 写芯 褉邪写褟薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 袣懈褦胁邪 锌褨褋谢褟 胁懈泻谢邪写邪薪薪褟 胁 袗谢褜斜械褉褌褋褜泻芯屑褍 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褨 袝写屑芯薪褌芯薪邪. 袊泄 斜芯谢懈褌褜 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹邪褑褨褟 褨 胁 褌芯泄 卸械 褔邪褋 斜邪泄写褍卸械 褋褌邪胁谢械薪薪褟 写芯 锌褉芯斜谢械屑 褨 胁懈泻谢懈泻褨胁 卸褨薪泻懈 胁 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯屑褍 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁褨, 褩褩 胁褉邪卸邪褦 锌芯写械泻褍写懈 写懈泻褨褋褌褜, 芦薪械芯泻褍谢褜褌褍褉械薪褨褋褌褜禄 泻芯谢械谐 锌芯 褍薪褨胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褍 褌邪 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈褏 写褨褟褔褨胁, 褉邪蟹芯屑 蟹 褌懈屑, 胁芯薪邪 屑邪褦 芯锌褌懈屑褨蟹屑 褖芯写芯 褉芯蟹斜褍写芯胁懈 褋邪屑芯褋褌褨泄薪芯褩 校泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褩 写械褉卸邪胁懈, 蟹邪锌懈褌 薪邪 褟泻褍 胁 褉邪薪薪褨 90-褌褨 褋褌邪胁 薪械锌械褉械斜芯褉薪懈屑.
袪芯蟹褍屑褨薪薪褟 薪械斜械蟹锌械褔薪芯谐芯, 锌芯胁薪芯谐芯 锌褉芯褌懈褉褨褔 褨 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 薪邪锌褉褍卸械薪薪褟 褌谢邪, 写邪褦 芯褋褟谐薪褍褌懈 褔褍写芯 蟹写芯斜褍褌褌褟 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌褨 褨 锌械褉械屑芯谐懈 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪懈褏 锌褉芯褑械褋褨胁 胁 校泻褉邪褩薪褨, 褨 谐械薪褨泄 褌懈褏, 褏褌芯 褋褌芯褟胁 蟹邪 薪懈屑懈. 袩芯胁邪谐褍 胁懈泻谢懈泻邪褦 写褨褟谢褜薪褨褋褌褜 褋邪屑芯褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 褟泻 胁 薪邪褍泻芯胁褨泄 写褨褟谢褜薪芯褋褌褨, 褌邪泻 褨 胁 卸褨薪芯褔芯屑褍 泻褉懈谢褨 芦袧邪褉芯写薪芯谐芯 袪褍褏褍 校泻褉邪褩薪懈禄. 袙芯薪邪 锌懈褕械 褋褌邪褌褍褌 芯褉谐邪薪褨蟹邪褑褨褩 胁 褎械屑褨薪褨褋褌懈褔薪芯屑褍 写褍褋褨, 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褞褔懈, 褖芯 薪邪胁褨褌褜 锌芯锌谢褨褔薪懈褑褨 锌芯泻懈 薪械 谐芯褌芯胁褨 胁锌芯胁薪褨 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌懈 锌褉芯锌芯薪芯胁邪薪褨 薪械褞 褨写械褩.
September 29, 2024
小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 is one of the most prominent public figures in our culture (a writer, translator, literature researcher and critic, publisher of scientific literature, etc.), an early new-age feminist, and just an active participant of the intellectual life in Ukraine overall. Unfortunately, she died from an accident when she was only 41 (in 1999). Ironically, even although her daughter, 袘芯谐写邪薪邪 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯, is the heiress and owner of 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯鈥檚 publishing house 鈥溞炑佇叫拘残糕€� and 鈥溞捬呅拘葱感恍� 写芯 锌褉芯褦泻褌褍 卸褍褉薪邪谢褍 Forbes 锌褉芯 30 褍泻褉邪褩薪褑褨胁, 褟泻褨 写芯褋褟谐谢懈 褍褋锌褨褏褍 写芯 30 褉芯泻褨胁,鈥� 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯鈥檚 own books now are mostly not available for Ukrainian readers for many years, despite that they are definitely an important part of our cultural legacy. (This year, they republished her large work 鈥溞斝秆佇貉冄€褋 屑芯写械褉薪褨蟹屑褍 胁 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褨泄 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉褨鈥� for the first time since 1997, but everything else is still 鈥渂ibliographical rarities,鈥� as it is called now, and can be sometimes found only at a flea market for extraordinary prices 鈥� probably not because these books are SO priceless per se but because people who are interested in them do not have any other choice.)
So, this book, 鈥溞浶秆佈傂� 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪,鈥� is also not available in any format except for a pirate audiobook. And it鈥檚 a pity, because this book is quite interesting and important for our recent history. Not SO interesting and important to buy it for extraordinary prices, of course, but it would be nice to have at least a legal e-book for purchase 鈥� I suppose there would not be many readers for it in the whole Ukraine, but those few who are interested would find it a curious and thought-provoking material.
The book is basically a memoir (more or less a live chronology of current events, similar to a diary, only written in the form of letters to a friend) that reflects our social and political life in 1990-1991, on the eve of the formal disintegration of the USSR and declaration of the independence of Ukraine. I thought that I knew about this period well enough but 鈥溞浶秆佈傂� 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪鈥� shows that there were many more very interesting processes and events than I was aware before.
It should be said that this book focuses on politics (various meetings, political figures, speeches, votes, parties, etc.). This is both a positive and negative aspect of this book. Positive 鈥� because I learned about politics of this period much more than I imagined was possible for the rudiment 鈥減olitical life鈥� of the dying but still kicking USSR, and there were indeed a lot of remarkable trends and processes that require our attention today. For example, one of the central themes in 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯鈥檚 observations are turbulent discussions of a 鈥淣ew Union Treaty鈥� (鈥溞澬拘惭嬓� 褋芯褞蟹薪褘泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉鈥�) and the referendum on maintaining the USSR as a 鈥渞enewed federation,鈥� i.e., an attempt to save the USSR and 鈥渞e-establish鈥� it as a new democratic union (鈥淏eautifulRussia USSR of the Future,鈥� ahaha), while many republics, including Ukraine, were already very much thinking about independence and were fed up with the Soviet life overall. (You can see the direct parallel with what will be going on in Russia soon, right?) Overall, it was a very weird time with a bizarre mixture of new, unprecedented freedoms and forces and old lies, repressive practices, and covert intrigues. It should be studied and discussed, and 鈥溞浶秆佈傂� 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪鈥� is definitely an important key to this period.
On the other hand, many names and events she describes are already largely forgotten, or their significance at the time requires at least an explanation, so I hope that if this book is republished someday, it will have informative commentaries about all this. I myself am not very ignorant about the general atmosphere of the time and its key public figures but I was still often lost regarding why the author focuses on such or such personalities or events and what she is discussing overall. (However, it was funny to meet a very familiar name, 袦邪泻褋懈屑 小褌褉褨褏邪, whom we know now mostly as a great translator, while 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 talks about his political activity at the time, as he was 鈥溞葱敌垦冄傂把� 锌械褉褕芯谐芯 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪芯谐芯 褋泻谢懈泻邪薪薪褟 袣懈褩胁褉邪写懈.鈥�)
The book starts on May 12, 1990, and ends on April 02, 1991. I was somewhat disappointed that she finished the book in the spring of 1991 (for some reason, she increasingly felt discomfort from writing it and did not want to continue at some point, probably because she did not believe that 鈥渆verything will end up fine鈥�), although I suppose that the most interesting events were unfolding right after it, in the summer-winter of 1991, and I was eager to read about all this, but no, the book ends quite abruptly, in the middle of nowhere.
Interestingly, the book was published first in Canada in English translation, in 1992 (according to the initial purpose of the 鈥渓etters鈥� written as evidence of Ukrainian life for a friend in Canada, 袘芯谐写邪薪 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻芯, 鈥溞葱秆€械泻褌芯褉 袣邪薪邪写褋褜泻芯谐芯 褨薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褍 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 褋褌褍写褨泄 褍 袣邪薪邪写褨,鈥� who later became her husband), and appeared in print in Ukraine almost 10 years later, in 2000 (why???). And, as I already said, there have been no other republications of it yet.
I would love to quote some fragments from the book here but I do not have the text ((. Anyway, it鈥檚 an interesting book but you should already know 鈥渨hat was going on鈥� in general to enjoy it in full.
So, this book, 鈥溞浶秆佈傂� 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪,鈥� is also not available in any format except for a pirate audiobook. And it鈥檚 a pity, because this book is quite interesting and important for our recent history. Not SO interesting and important to buy it for extraordinary prices, of course, but it would be nice to have at least a legal e-book for purchase 鈥� I suppose there would not be many readers for it in the whole Ukraine, but those few who are interested would find it a curious and thought-provoking material.
The book is basically a memoir (more or less a live chronology of current events, similar to a diary, only written in the form of letters to a friend) that reflects our social and political life in 1990-1991, on the eve of the formal disintegration of the USSR and declaration of the independence of Ukraine. I thought that I knew about this period well enough but 鈥溞浶秆佈傂� 蟹 袣懈褦胁邪鈥� shows that there were many more very interesting processes and events than I was aware before.
It should be said that this book focuses on politics (various meetings, political figures, speeches, votes, parties, etc.). This is both a positive and negative aspect of this book. Positive 鈥� because I learned about politics of this period much more than I imagined was possible for the rudiment 鈥減olitical life鈥� of the dying but still kicking USSR, and there were indeed a lot of remarkable trends and processes that require our attention today. For example, one of the central themes in 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯鈥檚 observations are turbulent discussions of a 鈥淣ew Union Treaty鈥� (鈥溞澬拘惭嬓� 褋芯褞蟹薪褘泄 写芯谐芯胁芯褉鈥�) and the referendum on maintaining the USSR as a 鈥渞enewed federation,鈥� i.e., an attempt to save the USSR and 鈥渞e-establish鈥� it as a new democratic union (鈥淏eautiful
On the other hand, many names and events she describes are already largely forgotten, or their significance at the time requires at least an explanation, so I hope that if this book is republished someday, it will have informative commentaries about all this. I myself am not very ignorant about the general atmosphere of the time and its key public figures but I was still often lost regarding why the author focuses on such or such personalities or events and what she is discussing overall. (However, it was funny to meet a very familiar name, 袦邪泻褋懈屑 小褌褉褨褏邪, whom we know now mostly as a great translator, while 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 talks about his political activity at the time, as he was 鈥溞葱敌垦冄傂把� 锌械褉褕芯谐芯 写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪芯谐芯 褋泻谢懈泻邪薪薪褟 袣懈褩胁褉邪写懈.鈥�)
The book starts on May 12, 1990, and ends on April 02, 1991. I was somewhat disappointed that she finished the book in the spring of 1991 (for some reason, she increasingly felt discomfort from writing it and did not want to continue at some point, probably because she did not believe that 鈥渆verything will end up fine鈥�), although I suppose that the most interesting events were unfolding right after it, in the summer-winter of 1991, and I was eager to read about all this, but no, the book ends quite abruptly, in the middle of nowhere.
Interestingly, the book was published first in Canada in English translation, in 1992 (according to the initial purpose of the 鈥渓etters鈥� written as evidence of Ukrainian life for a friend in Canada, 袘芯谐写邪薪 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻芯, 鈥溞葱秆€械泻褌芯褉 袣邪薪邪写褋褜泻芯谐芯 褨薪褋褌懈褌褍褌褍 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 褋褌褍写褨泄 褍 袣邪薪邪写褨,鈥� who later became her husband), and appeared in print in Ukraine almost 10 years later, in 2000 (why???). And, as I already said, there have been no other republications of it yet.
I would love to quote some fragments from the book here but I do not have the text ((. Anyway, it鈥檚 an interesting book but you should already know 鈥渨hat was going on鈥� in general to enjoy it in full.
July 18, 2024
袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 褉芯蟹锌芯胁褨写邪褦 锌褉芯 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜薪芯-锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈泄 褋褌邪薪 袣懈褦胁邪 薪邪 锌芯褔邪褌泻褍 90-褏, 褟泻褉邪蟹 锌械褉械写 锌褉芯谐芯谢芯褕械薪薪褟屑 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌褨. 袛褍卸械 褑褨泻邪胁芯
July 8, 2024
袦械薪褨 蟹邪胁卸写懈 蟹写邪褦褌褜褋褟, 褖芯 胁褋褨褏 谢褞写械泄 屑芯卸薪邪 锌芯写褨谢懈褌懈 薪邪 2 谐褉褍锌懈: 褌褨, 褍 泻芯谐芯 褦 褨褋泻芯褉泻邪 胁 芯褔邪褏, 褨 褌褨, 褍 泻芯谐芯 褩褩 薪械屑邪褦. 啸芯褔邪 褟 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 斜邪褔懈谢邪 小芯谢芯屑褨褩 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯, 邪谢械 褌械, 褟泻 谐芯褉褨谢懈 褩褩 芯褔褨 胁褨写 褍褋褜芯谐芯, 褖芯 胁芯薪邪 褉芯斜懈谢邪 褌邪 写芯褋谢褨写卸褍胁邪谢邪, 胁懈写薪芯 薪邪胁褨褌褜 薪邪 胁褨写褋褌邪薪褨 写胁邪写褑褟褌懈 锌始褟褌懈 褉芯泻褨胁. 笑械 薪褨斜懈 褋褟泄胁芯 蟹褨褉泻懈, 褟泻邪 胁卸械 写邪胁薪芯 蟹谐芯褉褨谢邪, 邪谢械 褩褩 胁褨写写邪谢械薪褨褋褌褜 胁褨写 薪邪褋 薪邪 斜邪谐邪褌芯 褋胁褨褌谢芯胁懈褏 褉芯泻褨胁 写芯蟹胁芯谢褟褦 写芯褋褨 蟹邪写懈胁谢褟褌懈褋褟 薪邪 褌械, 褟泻 胁芯薪邪 褋胁褨褌懈褌褜褋褟, 褨 薪械 屑邪褌懈 卸芯写薪芯谐芯 褋褍屑薪褨胁褍, 褖芯 褑械 薪邪褋锌褉邪胁写褨.
袘褍谢芯 褎邪薪褌邪褋褌懈褔薪芯 锌芯斜邪褔懈褌懈 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻械 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁芯 1990-谐芯 褉芯泻褍 蟹 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁懈 芯褔械胁懈写懈褑褨. 袧邪胁褨褌褜 锌芯锌褉懈 褌械, 褖芯 褑械 褔邪褋 屑芯谢芯写芯褋褌褨 屑芯褩褏 斜邪褌褜泻褨胁, 褟 屑邪谢芯 锌褉芯 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹薪邪褞. 袦械薪褨 蟹写邪褦褌褜褋褟, 胁芯薪懈 褋邪屑褨 屑邪谢芯 锌褉芯 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹薪邪褞褌褜/蟹薪邪谢懈. 些芯斜 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褌懈 褑械泄 锌械褉褨芯写, 屑邪褌懈 泄芯谐芯 褑褨谢褨褋薪褍 泻邪褉褌懈薪褍, 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 斜褍谢芯 胁芯谢芯写褨褌懈 薪械邪斜懈褟泻懈屑 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈屑 褨薪褌械谢械泻褌芯屑, 胁屑褨褌懈 邪斜褋褌褉邪谐褍胁邪褌懈褋褟 胁褨写 屑邪泻褉芯锌芯斜褍褌芯胁懈褏 泻邪褉褌懈薪 褨 芯褏芯锌懈褌懈 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褍 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 褕懈褉褕芯谐芯 锌谢邪薪褍. 孝邪泻芯褞 褟泻褉邪蟹 褨 斜褍谢邪 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯. 袙芯薪邪 写芯褋谢褨写卸褍胁邪谢邪 褎械屑褨薪褨褋褌懈褔薪褍 褌械芯褉褨褞 薪邪 锌芯褔邪褌泻褍 90-褏!
袙 谢懈褋褌邪褏 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 写芯 袘芯谐写邪薪邪 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻邪 芯锌褉懈褟胁谢褞褦褌褜褋褟 褋胁褨褌, 胁 褟泻芯屑褍 屑械薪械 褖械 薪械屑邪褦. 小胁褨褌, 胁 褟泻芯屑褍 屑褨泄 褔芯谢芯胁褨泻 鈥� 薪芯胁芯薪邪褉芯写卸械薪械 薪械屑芯胁谢褟. 孝邪泻 褟 写褨蟹薪邪褞虂褋褟, 褟泻懈屑 斜褍胁 泻胁褨褌械薪褜, 泻芯谢懈 胁褨薪 薪邪褉芯写懈胁褋褟. 携泻芯褞 斜褍谢邪 锌芯谐芯写邪, 褟泻芯褞 斜褍谢邪 校泻褉邪褩薪邪. 袩褨褋谢褟 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎懈 薪邪 效袗袝小 屑懈薪褍谢芯 谢懈褕械 4 褉芯泻懈. 小胁褨褌 胁褨写褔褍薪褞胁邪胁 褨 胁卸械 蟹邪斜褍胁邪胁 锌褉芯 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈. 袗谢械 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈 写邪胁邪谢懈 锌褉芯 褋械斜械 褔褍褌懈. 小芯褞蟹 斜褍胁 薪邪 屑械卸褨 褉芯蟹锌邪写褍, 邪谢械 褑械 屑芯卸薪邪 蟹薪邪褌懈 谢懈褕械 蟹 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁懈 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯谐芯 鈥� 褌芯写褨 褑械 薪械 斜褍谢芯 褌邪泻 锌褉芯谐谢褟写薪芯. 袥械褖邪褌邪 写芯褋褨 斜褍谢懈 薪邪屑械褉褌胁芯 褋褌懈褋薪褍褌褨. 袟邪胁卸写懈 蟹胁懈褔薪芯谐芯 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褋谢芯胁芯褋锌芯谢褍褔械薪薪褟 芦袗袪 袣褉懈屑禄 薪械 褨褋薪褍胁邪谢芯: 蟹 薪邪褌褟泻芯屑 薪邪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褍 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪褨褋褌褜 袣褉懈屑 谢懈褕械 锌芯褔懈薪邪胁 芯泻褉械褋谢褞胁邪褌懈 锌褉邪谐薪械薪薪褟 写芯 邪胁褌芯薪芯屑褨褩. 袙褨写斜褍胁邪谢邪褋褟 袪械胁芯谢褞褑褨褟 薪邪 谐褉邪薪褨褌褨, 褋褌褍写械薪褌懈 斜褍谢懈 褋屑褨谢懈胁懈屑懈 泄 褑褨薪芯褞 蟹写芯褉芯胁始褟 写芯屑芯谐谢懈褋褟 胁褨写 泻芯屑褍薪褨褋褌邪 袣褉邪胁褔褍泻邪 蟹芯泻褉械屑邪 胁褨写泻谢懈泻邪薪薪褟 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 褨蟹 褋芯褞蟹薪懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻. 袚褨褦薪邪 褉芯褋褨褩 胁卸械 褌芯写褨 谐薪懈谢芯 写懈褏邪谢邪 胁 斜褨泻 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 褌邪 斜邪谢褌褨泄褋褜泻懈褏 泻褉邪褩薪 (褌邪薪泻懈 褍 袙褨谢褜薪褞褋褨 褌械卸 褦 胁 褑褨泄 褏褉芯薪芯谢芯谐褨褩). 袘褍胁 卸懈胁懈泄 效芯褉薪芯胁褨谢. 袘褍胁 卸懈胁懈泄 袪懈屑邪褉褍泻.
袨褋芯斜懈褋褌懈屑 屑邪谢械薪褜泻懈屑 写懈胁芯屑 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褋褌邪谢邪 蟹褍褋褌褉褨褔 薪邪 褋褌芯褉褨薪泻邪褏 褑褜芯谐芯 械锌褨褋褌芯谢褟褉褨褞 袦邪泻褋懈屑邪 小褌褉褨褏懈. 携 胁 褌芯泄 褔邪褋 褋邪屑械 锌邪褉邪谢械谢褜薪芯 褔懈褌邪谢邪 袟芯薪褌邪覒 褍 锌械褉械泻谢邪写褨 携褉芯褋谢邪胁懈 小褌褉褨褏懈. 袉 芯写薪芯谐芯 褉邪薪泻褍 写芯 屑械薪械 写褨泄褕谢芯, 褖芯 褑械 芯写薪邪泻芯胁褨 锌褉褨蟹胁懈褖邪 褨 褖芯 褟 蟹褍褋褌褉褨谢邪 屑芯谢芯写芯谐芯 斜邪褌褜泻邪 携褉芯褋谢邪胁懈. 袛褍卸械 谢褞斜谢褞 褌邪泻褨 蟹斜褨谐懈.
袘褍谢芯 褎邪薪褌邪褋褌懈褔薪芯 锌芯斜邪褔懈褌懈 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻械 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁芯 1990-谐芯 褉芯泻褍 蟹 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁懈 芯褔械胁懈写懈褑褨. 袧邪胁褨褌褜 锌芯锌褉懈 褌械, 褖芯 褑械 褔邪褋 屑芯谢芯写芯褋褌褨 屑芯褩褏 斜邪褌褜泻褨胁, 褟 屑邪谢芯 锌褉芯 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹薪邪褞. 袦械薪褨 蟹写邪褦褌褜褋褟, 胁芯薪懈 褋邪屑褨 屑邪谢芯 锌褉芯 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹薪邪褞褌褜/蟹薪邪谢懈. 些芯斜 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褌懈 褑械泄 锌械褉褨芯写, 屑邪褌懈 泄芯谐芯 褑褨谢褨褋薪褍 泻邪褉褌懈薪褍, 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 斜褍谢芯 胁芯谢芯写褨褌懈 薪械邪斜懈褟泻懈屑 锌芯谢褨褌懈褔薪懈屑 褨薪褌械谢械泻褌芯屑, 胁屑褨褌懈 邪斜褋褌褉邪谐褍胁邪褌懈褋褟 胁褨写 屑邪泻褉芯锌芯斜褍褌芯胁懈褏 泻邪褉褌懈薪 褨 芯褏芯锌懈褌懈 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褍 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 褕懈褉褕芯谐芯 锌谢邪薪褍. 孝邪泻芯褞 褟泻褉邪蟹 褨 斜褍谢邪 小芯谢芯屑褨褟 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯. 袙芯薪邪 写芯褋谢褨写卸褍胁邪谢邪 褎械屑褨薪褨褋褌懈褔薪褍 褌械芯褉褨褞 薪邪 锌芯褔邪褌泻褍 90-褏!
袙 谢懈褋褌邪褏 袩邪胁谢懈褔泻芯 写芯 袘芯谐写邪薪邪 袣褉邪胁褔械薪泻邪 芯锌褉懈褟胁谢褞褦褌褜褋褟 褋胁褨褌, 胁 褟泻芯屑褍 屑械薪械 褖械 薪械屑邪褦. 小胁褨褌, 胁 褟泻芯屑褍 屑褨泄 褔芯谢芯胁褨泻 鈥� 薪芯胁芯薪邪褉芯写卸械薪械 薪械屑芯胁谢褟. 孝邪泻 褟 写褨蟹薪邪褞虂褋褟, 褟泻懈屑 斜褍胁 泻胁褨褌械薪褜, 泻芯谢懈 胁褨薪 薪邪褉芯写懈胁褋褟. 携泻芯褞 斜褍谢邪 锌芯谐芯写邪, 褟泻芯褞 斜褍谢邪 校泻褉邪褩薪邪. 袩褨褋谢褟 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎懈 薪邪 效袗袝小 屑懈薪褍谢芯 谢懈褕械 4 褉芯泻懈. 小胁褨褌 胁褨写褔褍薪褞胁邪胁 褨 胁卸械 蟹邪斜褍胁邪胁 锌褉芯 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈. 袗谢械 薪邪褋谢褨写泻懈 写邪胁邪谢懈 锌褉芯 褋械斜械 褔褍褌懈. 小芯褞蟹 斜褍胁 薪邪 屑械卸褨 褉芯蟹锌邪写褍, 邪谢械 褑械 屑芯卸薪邪 蟹薪邪褌懈 谢懈褕械 蟹 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁懈 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯谐芯 鈥� 褌芯写褨 褑械 薪械 斜褍谢芯 褌邪泻 锌褉芯谐谢褟写薪芯. 袥械褖邪褌邪 写芯褋褨 斜褍谢懈 薪邪屑械褉褌胁芯 褋褌懈褋薪褍褌褨. 袟邪胁卸写懈 蟹胁懈褔薪芯谐芯 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褋谢芯胁芯褋锌芯谢褍褔械薪薪褟 芦袗袪 袣褉懈屑禄 薪械 褨褋薪褍胁邪谢芯: 蟹 薪邪褌褟泻芯屑 薪邪 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褍 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪褨褋褌褜 袣褉懈屑 谢懈褕械 锌芯褔懈薪邪胁 芯泻褉械褋谢褞胁邪褌懈 锌褉邪谐薪械薪薪褟 写芯 邪胁褌芯薪芯屑褨褩. 袙褨写斜褍胁邪谢邪褋褟 袪械胁芯谢褞褑褨褟 薪邪 谐褉邪薪褨褌褨, 褋褌褍写械薪褌懈 斜褍谢懈 褋屑褨谢懈胁懈屑懈 泄 褑褨薪芯褞 蟹写芯褉芯胁始褟 写芯屑芯谐谢懈褋褟 胁褨写 泻芯屑褍薪褨褋褌邪 袣褉邪胁褔褍泻邪 蟹芯泻褉械屑邪 胁褨写泻谢懈泻邪薪薪褟 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 褨蟹 褋芯褞蟹薪懈褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻. 袚褨褦薪邪 褉芯褋褨褩 胁卸械 褌芯写褨 谐薪懈谢芯 写懈褏邪谢邪 胁 斜褨泻 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 褌邪 斜邪谢褌褨泄褋褜泻懈褏 泻褉邪褩薪 (褌邪薪泻懈 褍 袙褨谢褜薪褞褋褨 褌械卸 褦 胁 褑褨泄 褏褉芯薪芯谢芯谐褨褩). 袘褍胁 卸懈胁懈泄 效芯褉薪芯胁褨谢. 袘褍胁 卸懈胁懈泄 袪懈屑邪褉褍泻.
袨褋芯斜懈褋褌懈屑 屑邪谢械薪褜泻懈屑 写懈胁芯屑 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褋褌邪谢邪 蟹褍褋褌褉褨褔 薪邪 褋褌芯褉褨薪泻邪褏 褑褜芯谐芯 械锌褨褋褌芯谢褟褉褨褞 袦邪泻褋懈屑邪 小褌褉褨褏懈. 携 胁 褌芯泄 褔邪褋 褋邪屑械 锌邪褉邪谢械谢褜薪芯 褔懈褌邪谢邪 袟芯薪褌邪覒 褍 锌械褉械泻谢邪写褨 携褉芯褋谢邪胁懈 小褌褉褨褏懈. 袉 芯写薪芯谐芯 褉邪薪泻褍 写芯 屑械薪械 写褨泄褕谢芯, 褖芯 褑械 芯写薪邪泻芯胁褨 锌褉褨蟹胁懈褖邪 褨 褖芯 褟 蟹褍褋褌褉褨谢邪 屑芯谢芯写芯谐芯 斜邪褌褜泻邪 携褉芯褋谢邪胁懈. 袛褍卸械 谢褞斜谢褞 褌邪泻褨 蟹斜褨谐懈.
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