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賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱: 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞
The age of the crusades--complex, battle-torn & fiercely pious--encompassed the rise & fall of an Order of fighting men, equally devoted to God, war & the defense of Palestine. Here's a meticulously researched & absorbing history of that order. The Knights Templar joined together in 1118, shortly after the 1st Crusade had swept thru the Holy Land & stolen Jerusalem from Islam. In the strict hierarchy of the feudal world, where every man owed loyalty & allegiance to his overlords, the Templars obeyed none except the Pope. Acquiring land & castles by gift, conquest & purchase in every part of Europe & the eastern Mediterranean, they became a church within the Church, a state within the State. They were bankers, merchants, diplomats & tax gatherers. They themselves were poor. The wealth of their Order was legendary. Were the Templars, as St Bernard said, "worthy of all the praise given to men of God," or, as Pope Clement V said, "horrible, wicked & detestable"? Drawing on a variety of original source material, Stephen Howarth assesses the faults & fine qualities of the brotherhood, examining the reasons for its initial allure & eventual, ignominious obliteration. Brilliantly elucidating to a wide audience & understanding of the chaotic age that pitched Richard Coeur de Lion against Saladin & Christian against fellow Christian.
393 pages, Unknown Binding
First published January 1, 1982
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About the author
Stephen Howarth
38听books20听followersStephen Howarth is an independent historian and the author of several books on corporate, maritime, and naval subjects.
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October 13, 2024
賰鬲丕亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 乇丕卅毓 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞
賲爻丕賵卅賴 丕賱賵丨賷丿賴 鬲鬲賲孬賱 賮賷 賵氐賮 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賱賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賵 兀賳丕 卮禺氐賷賸丕 丕丨亘匕 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘兀賯賱 賯丿乇 賲賲賰賳 賲賳 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賲賳 亘丕亘 丕賱毓賱賲 亘丕賱卮卅 賮賯胤 賱丕 睾賷乇
賵 丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱兀禺乇賷 鬲賰賲賳 賮賷 亘毓囟 兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞
賵 賱賰賳 丕賱鬲噩乇亘丞 賰賰賱 鬲噩乇亘丞 乇丕卅毓丞
賮乇爻丕賳 賴賷賰賱 爻賱賷賲丕賳
賰丕賳鬲 賲毓乇賮鬲賷 丕賱兀賵賱賷 亘賴賲 賮賷 賱毓亘丞 毓賯賷丿丞 丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳 賵 賱賲 兀賰賳 丨賷賳賴丕 賯丕乇卅 賵 賱賲 兀丿乇賰 丨賯賸丕 賵賯鬲賴丕 兀賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 丕賱賲鬲囟丕乇亘鬲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賱毓亘丞 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 兀卮賴乇 噩賲丕毓鬲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀丨丿賴賲丕 噩賲丕毓丞 廿乇賴丕亘賷丞 (丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳) 賵 丕賱兀禺乇賷 噩賲丕毓丞 鬲賲孬賱 亘卮賰賱 兀賵 亘丌禺乇 兀賯乇亘 賲孬丕賱 賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱兀禺賵丕賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賮賷 毓氐乇賳丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 亘賷賳賴賲丕 廿賯鬲氐丕丿賷 亘丨鬲 賵 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賷鬲卮丕亘賴丕 兀賷囟賸丕 賮賷 賵賱丕亍 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 賱賴賲丕 賱丕 睾賷乇
賵 丕賱丌賳 亘毓丿 孬賱丕孬 爻賳賷賳 賲賳 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵 匕賰乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 兀賲丕賲賷 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘
兀禺賷乇賸丕 亘丿兀鬲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲亘 毓賳賴賲丕
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀賵賱 亘丕賱胤亘毓 賵 丕賱匕賷 丕賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳賴 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞
賵 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 乇賵丕賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賮賱丕丿賲賷乇 亘丕乇鬲賵賱 丌賱賲賵鬲
*** 賱賲 賷賰賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賱丕卅賰丞 兀賵 賯丿賷爻賷賳 賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 卮賷丕胤賷賳 ***
賷鬲賱禺氐 鬲丕乇賷禺 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丨賯賸丕 賮亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 兀孬丕乇鬲 賲禺賷賱丞 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷賷賳 毓賱賷 賲丿賷 賯乇賵賳
廿賱丕 丕賳賴賲 賱賲 賷賮毓賱賵丕 賷禺胤卅賵丕 丨賯賸丕 亘賱 賰丕賳賵丕 賲丿丕賮毓賷賳 丨賯賷賯賷賳 毓賳 丿賷賳賴賲
賲丿丕賮毓賷賳 毓賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 丕賳鬲賴鬲 賲賴賲鬲賴賲 亘丕賳鬲賴丕亍 爻賷丕丿丞 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 毓賱賷 亘毓囟 賯賱丕毓 賵 賲丿賳 丕賱爻丕丨賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷
賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 賷賰賳 噩丿賷乇賸丕 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 賴匕賴 賳賴丕賷鬲賴賲
賱賲 賷賰賳 噩丿賷乇賸丕 亘賲丨丕乇亘賷賳 丕賱乇亘 兀賳 賷鬲賲 廿亘丕丿鬲賴賲 噩賲丕毓賷賸丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 兀禺賵丕賳賴賲 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賳
賵 亘賲丕 兀賳 賰賱 賲丕 丨丿孬 賰丕賳 亘爻亘亘 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賱亘睾賷囟 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱兀卮賯乇 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕
賵 廿賱丕 丕賳賴 丕賷囟賸丕 賰丕賳 毓丿丕賱丞 爻賲丕賵賷丞 亘爻亘亘 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱乇丕亘毓丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕乇亘鬲 賮賷賴丕 丕賱噩賷賵卮 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱亘賷夭賳胤賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳鬲賲賷 賱賳賮爻 丿賷賳賴賲 賵 賱賰賳 鬲丿賷賳 亘丕賱賵賱丕亍 賱賱賲賱賰 亘丿賱賸丕 毓賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賵 兀亘丕丿賵丕 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賰鬲丕乇賷賷賳 賵 賴賲 賲匕賴亘 賲卮賵賴 賲賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲丿賷賳 亘賴 噩賳賵亘 賮乇賳爻丕 毓賱賷 賲丕 兀鬲匕賰乇
賵 賱賰賳 亘丕賱胤亘毓 丕賱毓丿丕賱丞 丕賱爻賲丕賵賷丞 賷噩亘 丕賳 鬲賳丕賱 丕賱噩賲賷毓 賵 賯鬲賱 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱兀卮賯乇 賮賷 兀賯賱 賲賳 爻賳丞 賲賳 廿丨乇丕賯 賲毓賱賲 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 丨賷賸丕
賲爻丕賵卅賴 丕賱賵丨賷丿賴 鬲鬲賲孬賱 賮賷 賵氐賮 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賱賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賵 兀賳丕 卮禺氐賷賸丕 丕丨亘匕 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘兀賯賱 賯丿乇 賲賲賰賳 賲賳 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賲賳 亘丕亘 丕賱毓賱賲 亘丕賱卮卅 賮賯胤 賱丕 睾賷乇
賵 丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱兀禺乇賷 鬲賰賲賳 賮賷 亘毓囟 兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞
賵 賱賰賳 丕賱鬲噩乇亘丞 賰賰賱 鬲噩乇亘丞 乇丕卅毓丞
賮乇爻丕賳 賴賷賰賱 爻賱賷賲丕賳
賰丕賳鬲 賲毓乇賮鬲賷 丕賱兀賵賱賷 亘賴賲 賮賷 賱毓亘丞 毓賯賷丿丞 丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳 賵 賱賲 兀賰賳 丨賷賳賴丕 賯丕乇卅 賵 賱賲 兀丿乇賰 丨賯賸丕 賵賯鬲賴丕 兀賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 丕賱賲鬲囟丕乇亘鬲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賱毓亘丞 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 兀卮賴乇 噩賲丕毓鬲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀丨丿賴賲丕 噩賲丕毓丞 廿乇賴丕亘賷丞 (丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳) 賵 丕賱兀禺乇賷 噩賲丕毓丞 鬲賲孬賱 亘卮賰賱 兀賵 亘丌禺乇 兀賯乇亘 賲孬丕賱 賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱兀禺賵丕賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賮賷 毓氐乇賳丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 亘賷賳賴賲丕 廿賯鬲氐丕丿賷 亘丨鬲 賵 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賷鬲卮丕亘賴丕 兀賷囟賸丕 賮賷 賵賱丕亍 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 賱賴賲丕 賱丕 睾賷乇
賵 丕賱丌賳 亘毓丿 孬賱丕孬 爻賳賷賳 賲賳 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵 匕賰乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓鬲丕賳 兀賲丕賲賷 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘
兀禺賷乇賸丕 亘丿兀鬲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲亘 毓賳賴賲丕
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀賵賱 亘丕賱胤亘毓 賵 丕賱匕賷 丕賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳賴 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞
賵 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 乇賵丕賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賮賱丕丿賲賷乇 亘丕乇鬲賵賱 丌賱賲賵鬲
*** 賱賲 賷賰賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賱丕卅賰丞 兀賵 賯丿賷爻賷賳 賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 卮賷丕胤賷賳 ***
賷鬲賱禺氐 鬲丕乇賷禺 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丨賯賸丕 賮亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 兀孬丕乇鬲 賲禺賷賱丞 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷賷賳 毓賱賷 賲丿賷 賯乇賵賳
廿賱丕 丕賳賴賲 賱賲 賷賮毓賱賵丕 賷禺胤卅賵丕 丨賯賸丕 亘賱 賰丕賳賵丕 賲丿丕賮毓賷賳 丨賯賷賯賷賳 毓賳 丿賷賳賴賲
賲丿丕賮毓賷賳 毓賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 丕賳鬲賴鬲 賲賴賲鬲賴賲 亘丕賳鬲賴丕亍 爻賷丕丿丞 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 毓賱賷 亘毓囟 賯賱丕毓 賵 賲丿賳 丕賱爻丕丨賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷
賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 賷賰賳 噩丿賷乇賸丕 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 賴匕賴 賳賴丕賷鬲賴賲
賱賲 賷賰賳 噩丿賷乇賸丕 亘賲丨丕乇亘賷賳 丕賱乇亘 兀賳 賷鬲賲 廿亘丕丿鬲賴賲 噩賲丕毓賷賸丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 兀禺賵丕賳賴賲 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賳
賵 亘賲丕 兀賳 賰賱 賲丕 丨丿孬 賰丕賳 亘爻亘亘 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賱亘睾賷囟 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱兀卮賯乇 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕
賵 廿賱丕 丕賳賴 丕賷囟賸丕 賰丕賳 毓丿丕賱丞 爻賲丕賵賷丞 亘爻亘亘 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱乇丕亘毓丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕乇亘鬲 賮賷賴丕 丕賱噩賷賵卮 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱亘賷夭賳胤賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳鬲賲賷 賱賳賮爻 丿賷賳賴賲 賵 賱賰賳 鬲丿賷賳 亘丕賱賵賱丕亍 賱賱賲賱賰 亘丿賱賸丕 毓賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賵 兀亘丕丿賵丕 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賰鬲丕乇賷賷賳 賵 賴賲 賲匕賴亘 賲卮賵賴 賲賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲丿賷賳 亘賴 噩賳賵亘 賮乇賳爻丕 毓賱賷 賲丕 兀鬲匕賰乇
賵 賱賰賳 亘丕賱胤亘毓 丕賱毓丿丕賱丞 丕賱爻賲丕賵賷丞 賷噩亘 丕賳 鬲賳丕賱 丕賱噩賲賷毓 賵 賯鬲賱 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱兀卮賯乇 賮賷 兀賯賱 賲賳 爻賳丞 賲賳 廿丨乇丕賯 賲毓賱賲 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 丨賷賸丕
October 22, 2016
賮賶 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賷毓胤賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳亘匕丞 賲禺鬲氐乇丞 毓賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 .. 賲賳 賴賲 責 賵賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲 賳賴丕賷鬲賴賲 責
賮乇爻丕賳 賴賷賰賱 爻賱賷賲丕賳 兀賵 噩賳賵丿 賷爻賵毓 丕賱賲爻賷丨 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍 賴賶 兀禺賵丞 賲賳 丕賱乇賴亘丕賳 賵 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賲賯丕鬲賱賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賰乇爻賵丕 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱賲爻賷丨 賵丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 亘丕賱賲亘丕丿賶 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 賵賴賷 丕賱賮賯乇 賵丕賱毓賮丞 賵丕賱胤丕毓丞 .. 賰丕賳 賴丿賮賴賲 賮賶 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 丕賳 賷丿丕賮毓賵丕 毓賳
丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 賵賷丨賲賵丕 丕賱丨噩丕噩 賮賷 乇丨賱丕鬲賴賲 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 賰賲丕 丕賳 賰丕賳 賱賴賲 賳卮丕胤 囟丿 丕賱賴乇胤賯丞 丕賱鬲賶 賰丕賳鬲 賲賳鬲卮乇丞 賮賶 毓賴丿 賱賵賷爻 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 .. 賵賮賶 毓賴丿 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵亘毓丿 賲丨丕賰賲丕鬲 丕爻鬲賲乇鬲 爻亘毓 爻賳賵丕鬲 鬲賲 丕毓丿丕賲
賴賷賵 丿賶 亘賷乇乇賵 兀賲賷賳 禺夭丕賳丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱 貙 賵噩賷賮乇賶 丿賶 噩賵賳賮賷賱 賲毓賱賲 兀賰賷鬲丕賳 貙 賵噩賷賮乇賶 丿賶 卮丕乇賳賶 賲毓賱賲 賳賵乇賲丕賳丿賶 亘丕賱丕囟丕賮丞 丕賱賶 噩丕賰 丿賶 賲賵賱賶 丕賱賲毓賱賲 丕賱丕賰亘乇 亘毓丿 鬲賵噩賷賴 丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 賱賴賲 亘鬲丿賳賷爻 丕賱氐賱賷亘 丕賱賲賯丿爻 賵丕賱毓賲賱 賲賳 丕噩賱 毓丿賵 丕賱賲爻賷丨
丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賵賲賷賱丕丿 丕賱賴賷賰賱 1095-1118
賷賳鬲賯賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賱賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 賳卮兀丞 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕禺賵賷丞 賵賰賷賮 賰丕賳 爻賲賵 賴丿賮賴賲 賵睾丕賷鬲賴賲 賮賶 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 .. 毓賯亘 丕賱禺賱丕賮 亘賷賳 丕賷乇亘丕賳 丕賱孬丕賳賶 賵噩賷賱亘乇鬲 丨丕賰賲 乇賵賲丕 毓賱賶 禺賱丕賮丞 噩乇賷噩賵乇賶 丕爻鬲胤丕毓 丕賷乇亘丕賳 丕賳 賷賳丕賱 鬲丕賷賷丿 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷 賱賷噩賱爻 毓賱賶 丕賱毓乇卮 丕賱亘丕亘丕賵賶 賱鬲亘丿亍 賲毓乇賰丞 丕爻鬲毓丕丿丞 丕賱賲賯丿爻丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱鬲賶 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賯毓 賮賶 丕賷丿賶 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 賮賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮鬲乇丞貙 賰丕賳 丕賱噩賵毓 賵丕賱毓賳賮 賵丕賱鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱胤亘賯賶 亘丕賱丕囟丕賮丞 丕賱賶 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱亘胤卮 丕賱丕賱賴賶 賲賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱禺丕胤賶 賴賵 賲丨乇賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 賮賱丕丨賶 賵賮賯乇丕亍 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱禺乇賵噩 丕賱賶 丕賱丨噩 賳丨賵 亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻 .. 賵毓賯亘 賮卮賱 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 賲賱賵賰 丕賱睾乇亘 賮賶 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱卮乇賯 賵亘毓丿 賲丕 賳噩丨鬲 丕賱噩賷賵卮 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賮賶 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱丕爻亘丕賳賷丞 賲賳 丕賷丿賶 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 亘丿亍 丕賱胤賲毓 賷夭丿丕丿 賱賮鬲丨 丕乇丕囟賶 噩丿賷丿丞 鬲丨鬲 乇丕賷丞 丕賱氐賱賷亘 賵賳賷賱 氐賰賵賰 丕賱睾賮乇丕賳 賵賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賯丿爻 賴賶 丕賱賴丿賮 丕賱丕賳爻亘 禺氐賵氐丕 亘毓丿 鬲賵賱賶 丕賱亘丕亘丕 丕賷乇亘丕賳 丕賱孬丕賳賶 丕賱匕賶 亘丿亍 賮賶 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱賴丕賲丞 賲孬賱 賲毓丕賵賳丞 丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇 亘賷夭丕賳胤丞 賮賶 丨乇亘賴 囟丿 丕賱丕鬲乇丕賰 賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕 丕賱禺賱丕賮 丕賱爻丕亘賯 亘賷賳 乇賵賲丕 賵亘賷夭丕賳胤丞 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘丕賱丿毓賵丞 賮賶 丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賱卮賳 丨賲賱丕鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 賱丕賳鬲夭丕毓賴丕 賲賳 丕賷丿賶 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 丕賱匕賷賷賳 賷毓亘孬賵丕 亘賲賯丿爻丕鬲賴賲 賮賰丕賳鬲 丨賲賱丞 亘賷鬲乇 丕賱賳丕爻賰 丕賱亘丿丕卅賷丞 丕賱賲鬲賰賵賳丞 賲賳 丕賱賮賱丕丨賷賳 賴賶 丕賵賱賶 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 .. 賵乇睾賲 爻賲賵 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱賲毓賱賳 賱鬲賱賰 丕賱丨賲賱丞 賵賴賵 丕賱丨噩 丕賱丕 丕賳賴丕 丕乇鬲賰亘鬲 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 賱賲 鬲爻賱賲 賲賳賴丕 賲賯丿爻丕鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷賳 賳賮爻賴丕 賵爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賮卮賱鬲 賵鬲賰賵賳鬲 丨賲賱丞 丕禺乇賶 鬲丨鬲 賯賷丕丿丞 丕乇亘毓 噩賷賵卮 賰亘賷乇丞 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇 毓賱賶 丕賱丕鬲乇丕賰 賵丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 賲丿賳 賳賷賯賷丕 賵丿賵乇賷賱賷賵賲 賵丕禺賷乇丕 丕賳胤丕賰賷丕 賯亘賱 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻 賵丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賷賴 毓賱賶 丕噩爻丕賲 丕賱丕賱丕賮 賲賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 丨鬲賶 丕賳 賷賯丕賱 丕賳 丕賱噩賷賵卮 賰丕賳鬲 鬲噩丿
氐毓賵亘丞 賮賶 丕賱丨乇賰丞 亘爻亘亘 鬲乇丕賰賲 丕賱噩孬孬 .. 賵鬲賲 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱丕賲丕乇丕鬲 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 賲賱賵賰 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賷賵卮 .. 賵亘毓丿 丕賱丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 賮賶 丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賱爻賳賵丕鬲 賰亘賷乇丞 賰丕賳 賷賵噩丿 丕賱丨丕噩丞 賱鬲賰賵賷賳 丕禺賵賷丞 賲賳 丕噩賱 丨賲丕賷丞 賵鬲賳馗賷賲 賵毓賱丕噩 丕賱丨噩丕噩 賮鬲賰賵賳鬲 丕禺賵賷丞 賲賳 鬲爻毓 丕賮乇丕丿 賴賲 賴賷賵 丿賶 亘賷丕賳 貙 噩賷賮乇賶 丿賶 爻丕賳 貙 亘賷丕賳 丿賶 賲賵賳鬲丿賷賮賷賶 貙 丕乇卮丕賲亘賵 丿賶 爻丕賳丕賳賷丕賳 貙 丕賳乇賶 丿賶 賲賵賳賳鬲丕乇 賵亘賷夭賵賱 賵 乇賵爻丕賱 賵噩賵賳丿賲丕乇 賵賰丕賳賵丕 賴丐賱丕亍 賴賲 賳賵丕丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱丕賵賱賶
丕賱賲丨丕賰賲丕鬲 賵丕賱賯囟丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞
賰丕賳鬲 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 丨賷賳 亘丿丕鬲 賮賰乇丞 噩賲毓 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賲毓 毓乇卮 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱賮乇賳爻賶 鬲乇丕賵囟 匕賴賳 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱乇丕亘毓 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 丕賱丕 丕賳賴 賵噩丿 賮賶 胤乇賷賯賴 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賷賵賳賷賮丕爻 賮賶 胤乇賷賯賴 賵丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 胤賲賵丨賴 賴賵 丕賷囟丕 賱丕賷賯賱 毓賳 胤賲賵丨 賮賷賱賷亘 .. 賵丕爻鬲胤丕毓 賴匕丕 丕賱丕禺賷乇 亘賲爻丕毓丿丞 亘毓囟 乇噩丕賱賴 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲賴賲賵賳 亘丕賱賲賰乇 亘丕賱丿賴丕亍 賲孬賱 乇噩賱 賷丿毓賶 賵賷賱賷丕賲 丿賶 賳賵噩丕乇賶 丕賱匕賶 賷丨賲賱 丕賱亘睾囟 賵丕賱賰乇丕賴賷丞 賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱丕賳賴 賰丕賳 賷毓鬲賯丿 丕賳賴賲 賱賴賲 賷丿 賮賶 賲賵鬲 丕賴賱賴 丨乇賯丕 鬲丨鬲 鬲賴賲丞 丕賱丕亘鬲丿丕毓 賵丕賱夭賳丿賯丞 賮賶 鬲賵賱賵夭 賲賳 丕賱鬲禺賱氐 賲賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賷賵賳賷賮丕爻 賵丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 賷賲孬賱 毓賯亘丞 賰亘賷乇丞 丕賲丕賲賴 .. 賰匕賱賰 丨丿孬鬲 丨丕丿孬丞 丕禺乇賶 賰丕賳 賱賴丕 鬲丕孬賷乇 賰亘賷乇 賮賶 賲爻鬲賯亘賱 鬲賱賰
丕賱丕禺賵賷丞 丕賱丕 賵賴賶 賲賵鬲 夭賵噩丞 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 賵丨夭賳 毓賱賷賴丕 丕乇丕丿 丕賳 賷鬲乇賰 丨賰賲 賮乇賳爻丕 賱丕亘賳賴 賵丕賳 賷賳囟賲 丕賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱丕 丕賳賴賲 乇賮囟賵丕 匕賱賰 禺賵賮丕 賲賳 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 賯乇丕乇 丕賳囟賲丕賲賴 賱賴賲 賯丿 噩丕亍 丕賳賮毓丕賱丕 賱丨馗賷丕 賵賱賲 賷賰賳 賳丕亘毓 亘丕賷賲丕賳 氐丕丿賯 賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲 賵丕賴丿丕賮 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 .. 賵丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賵亘賳丕亍 毓賱賶 乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賲賳 賷毓乇賮 賮賷賱賷亘 噩賷丿丕 賷丿乇賰 丕賳賴 賱賷爻 賲賳 賳賵毓賷丞 丕賱丕卮禺丕氐 賷鬲禺匕賵賳 賯乇丕乇丕鬲 丕賳賮毓丕賱賷丞 賵丕賳 賰丕賳 賴丿賮賴 丕賱丕爻丕爻賷 賴賵 丕賳 賷賳囟賲 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵丕賳 賷氐亘丨 丕賱賲毓賱賲
丕賱丕賰亘乇 賱賴丕 賵丕賳 賷毓賲賱 毓賱賶 鬲賵丨賷丿賴丕 賲毓 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱丕爻亘鬲丕賱賷賷賳 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱丕毓丿丕丿 賱丨賲賱丞 氐賱賷亘賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕乇丕囟賶 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 賵丕賳 賷氐賱 丕賱賶 毓乇卮 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賯丿爻 賲氐丨賵亘丕 亘賱賯亘 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賱賲丨丕乇亘 賵賯丿 卮賰賱 乇賮囟 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱賴 氐丿賲丞 賰亘賷乇丞 .. 賮亘丿亍 丕賱丕鬲噩丕丞 賱賱胤乇賷賯 丕賱丕氐毓亘 丕賱丕 賵賴賵 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 亘丕亘丕 乇賵賲丕 丕賱噩丿賷丿 丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 爻賷禺賱賮 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賱亘賷鬲賷丿賷賰鬲 丕賱賲鬲賵賮賶 丨丿賷孬丕 貙 賵亘丕賱賮毓賱 賵賲賳 禺賱丕賱 爻鬲丞 卮乇賵胤 鬲賲 丕賱丕鬲賮丕賯 亘賷賳賴 賵亘賷賳 亘賷賷乇鬲乇丕賳 丕賱匕賶 丕氐亘丨 丕爻賲賴 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵賰丕賳 丕賴賲 鬲賱賰 丕賱卮乇賵胤 賴賶 丨賱 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 貙 賮賯丕賲 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 亘丿毓賵丞 噩丕賰 丿賶 賲賵賱賶 賲毓賱賲
丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱丕賰亘乇 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱丿毓賵丞 丕賱賶 丨賲賱丞 氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵賴匕丕 賰丕賳 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱賲毓賱賳 丕賱馗丕賴乇賶 丕賲丕 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱丨賯賷賯賶 丕賱禺賮賶 丕賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 丕乇丕丿 丕賳 賷毓賱賲 噩丕賰 丿賶 賲賵賱賶 亘賳賷丞 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 貙 賵賳馗乇丕 丕賱賶 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱賲毓賱賲 丕賱丕賰亘乇 丕賱鬲賶 賱丕鬲丨亘 丕賳 鬲毓賷卮 賮賶 賯賱賯 丕毓賱賳 毓賳 乇睾亘鬲賴 賮賶 丕賱丕毓賱丕賳 丕賱乇爻賲賶 毓賳 鬲丨賯賷賯丕鬲 毓賳 噩賲丕毓鬲賴 賱丕賳賴 賰丕賳 賷毓賱賲 亘亘乇丕亍丞 丕賴丿丕賮 噩賲丕毓鬲賴 .. 孬賲 鬲賲乇 丕賱丕賷丕賲 爻乇賷毓丕 賵賲毓 賵賮丕丞 丕禺鬲 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 賵賲毓 賯賷丕賲 賴匕丕 丕賱丕禺賷乇 亘丕毓胤丕亍 賲毓賱賲 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱丕賰亘乇 卮乇賮 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丨丕賲賱賶 賰賮賳 丕禺鬲賴 丕賱丕 丕賳 賮賶 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱鬲丕賱賶 鬲賲 丕賱賯亘囟 毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 賲賳 賷賳鬲賲賶 丕賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賶 賮乇賳爻丕 丨賷孬 丕賳 賲丕亘賷賳 禺賲爻丞 丕賱丕賮 賲賳 丕毓囟丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賱賲 賷鬲賲賰賳 爻賵賶 毓卮乇賷賳 賮乇丿丕 賮賯胤 賲賳 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丕毓鬲賯丕賱 ..賵鬲賲 鬲賵噩賷賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 賱丕賮乇丕丿 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵賰丕賳 丕亘乇夭賴丕 賴賵 丕賱丕亘鬲丿丕毓 賵丕賱夭賳丿賯丞 賵鬲賮卮賶 丕賱賲賲丕乇爻丕鬲 丕賱噩賳爻賷丞 丕賱賲孬賱賷丞 亘賷賳賴賲 賵鬲丿賳賷爻 丕賱賲賯丿爻丕鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賵毓丿賲 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘丕賱賲爻賷丨 賰卮乇胤 丕爻丕爻賶 賱賯亘賵賱 丕賱丕毓囟丕亍 丕賱噩丿丿 賮賶 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞
丨賷孬 賰丕賳 賷賴丿賮 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱賶 賵囟毓 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賶 賵囟毓 賱丕 賷爻鬲丨賯賵賳 賲毓賴 丕賶 鬲毓丕胤賮 丕賳爻丕賳賶 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱乇賵丨賷丞 丕賵 丕賱丕禺賱丕賯賷丞 .. 賵亘賲爻丕毓丿丞 鬲毓爻賮 賵毓賳賮 賲丨丕賰賲 丕賱鬲賮鬲賷卮 賮賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 賳噩丨 賮賷賱賷亘 賮賶 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱賴丿賮賴
賵丕毓鬲乇賮 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕毓囟丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 禺賵賮丕 賲賳 丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 丕賱鬲毓匕賷亘 .. 賵賱賰賳 賵亘爻亘亘 胤賲毓 賮賷賱賷亘 賮賶 丕賲賵丕賱 賵丨氐賵賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵賳鬲賷噩丞 賱鬲鬲睾賷乇 賲賵賯賮 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 賮賶 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱賲丨丕賰賲丕鬲 賯丿 丨丿孬 禺賱丕賮 亘賷賳賴 賵亘賷賳 賮賷賱賷亘 亘爻亘亘 鬲毓丿賶 丕賱丕禺賷乇 毓賱賶 爻賱胤丕鬲賴 丕賱亘丕亘丕賵賷丞 丕賱丕 丕賳 禺賵賮 賰賱賷賲賷賳鬲 毓賱賶 毓乇卮賴 丕賱亘丕亘丕賵賶 噩毓賱賴 賷賳丨丕夭 賱賳賮爻 胤乇賮 賮賷賱賷亘
賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賶 鬲賲 丕毓丿丕賲 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 丨乇賯丕 賵賴賲 丕丨賷丕亍 賵匕賱賰 賰丕賳 賮賶 賮乇賳爻丕 丕賲丕 賮賶 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵丕賱亘乇鬲睾丕賱 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賵賯亘乇氐 賵賱賲毓乇賮丞 丨賰丕賲賴賲 亘噩卮毓 賮賷賱賷亘 賵丕爻賱賵亘 丨賰賲賴 丕賱睾賷乇 毓丕丿賱 賮賶 賮乇賳爻丕 賮鬲賲 丕毓賱丕賳 毓賳 亘乇丕亍丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕 丕賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 賯丿 丕毓賱賳 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 毓賳 丕賱睾丕亍 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱 亘丕賱賰丕賲賱 賵丿爻鬲賵乇賴丕 賵丕爻賲賴丕 賵夭賷賴丕 亘賲乇爻賵賲 丿丕卅賲 丕賱氐賱丕丨賷丞 賱丕 乇噩毓丞 賮賷賴 賵禺囟丕毓賴丕 賱賱丨馗乇 丕賱丿丕卅賲 亘賲賵丕賮賯丞 丕賱賲噩賱爻 丕賱賲賯丿爻 .. 孬賲 噩丕亍 丕賱賲爻賲丕乇 丕賱丕禺賷乇 賮賶 賳毓卮 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 亘丕毓丿丕賲 噩丕賰 丿賶 賲賵賱賶 丕禺乇 賲毓賱賲 賱賱賴賷賰賱 丨乇賯丕 賵賷賯丕賱 丕賳 氐賵鬲賴 賯丿 爻賲毓 賲賳 丿丕禺賱 丕賱賱賴亘 賵賴賵 賷賱毓賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 賵丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘
賵毓丕卅賱鬲賴 貙 賵賷鬲賵爻賱 丕賱賶 丕賱賲爻賷丨 賳賮爻賴 丕賳 賷孬亘鬲 亘乇丕亍丞 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 貙 賵丕匕丕 賰丕賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賯丿 丕丿賷賳賵丕 馗賱賲丕 賮丕賳 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 賷爻鬲丿毓賶 禺賱丕賱 丕乇亘毓賷賳 賷賵賲丕 賵賮賷賱賷亘 禺賱丕賱 爻賳丞 丕賲丕賲 賯囟丕亍 丕賱賱賴 .. 賵賴匕丕 賲丕 丨丿孬 亘丕賱賮毓賱 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 丨賷孬 鬲賵賮賶 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 毓賯亘 賲賵鬲 丿賶 賲賵賱賶 亘孬賱丕孬丞 賵孬賱丕孬賷賳 賷賵賲丕 賵毓賯亘賴 賮賷賱賷亘 亘毓丿丞 丕卮賴乇 貙 亘丕賱丕囟丕賮丞 丕賱賶 丕爻乇丞 賰丕亘賶 丕賱鬲賶 賷賳鬲賲賶 賱賴丕 賮賷賱賷亘 賵丕賱鬲賶 丕爻鬲賲乇 丨賰賲賴丕 賱賮乇賳爻丕 孬賱丕孬丞 賯乇賵賳 丕賲丕 亘毓丿 賵賮丕鬲賴 賮賱賲 鬲丿賲 爻賵賶 丕乇亘毓丞 毓卮乇丞 爻賳丞 賵丕氐亘丨 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱丕卮賯乇 賵賳爻賱賴 賷毓乇賮賵賳 亘丕賱賲賱賵賰 丕賱賲賱丕毓賷賳 ..
亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲賷夭 賱賱睾丕賷丞 賵賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賯氐丞 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賲賳 丕賱賳卮兀丞 丕賱賶 丕賱賲賵鬲 賵丕賳胤賮丕亍 卮毓賱鬲賴丕 貙 賵賱毓賱 丕賰孬乇 賲丕 賳丕賱 丕毓噩丕亘賶 賮賶 丕爻賱賵亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賴賵 毓丿賲 丕鬲禺丕匕賴 賱噩丕賳亘 乇丕賶 囟丿 乇丕賶 丕禺乇 .. 賮賮賶 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕毓賱賳 毓賳 丕毓噩亘丕亘賴 亘氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱丕賷賵亘賶 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賴 賵賯丿 賵氐賮賴 亘賵氐賮 丕賱賯丿賷爻 丕賱賲爻賱賲 丕賱匕賶 毓賲賱 毓賱賶 丿賮毓 毓丿賵丕锟斤拷 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 毓賳 丕乇丕囟賶 亘賱丕丿賴 丨鬲賶 丕賳賴 賷乇賶 丕賳 賲賳 丕賱馗賱賲 賵囟毓 賯丕卅丿 亘丨噩賲 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕爻胤賵乇丞 丕賱睾乇亘 乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 賯賱亘 丕賱丕爻丿 賮賶 賳賮爻 賰賮丞 丕賱賲賷夭丕賳 賱丕賳 丕賱丕禺賷乇 賱賲 賷丕禺匕 卮賴乇鬲賴 丕賱丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕爻胤賵乇丞 夭丕卅賮丞 .. 乇亘賲丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 賴賵 賲丨乇賰賴 賮賶 丕賱賯丿賵賲 賱賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕 丕賳 噩乇丕卅賲賴 賱賲 鬲禺鬲賱賮 毓賳 噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱爻賮丕丨 乇賷賳賵賱丿 丿賶 卮丕鬲賷賵賳 毓賰爻 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱匕賶 賰丕賳 賷丿丕賮毓 毓賳 丕賱丨賯 賵賴匕丕 賮賷賴 賲賳 丕賱丕賳氐丕賮 賱賯丕卅丿賳丕 丕賱毓乇亘賶 賲賲丕 噩毓賱賳賶 丕卮毓乇 亘丕賱丕丨鬲乇丕賲 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕孬賳丕亍 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 .. 賰匕賱賰 賵毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕賳 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 賴丿賮 賮賷賱賷亘 賲賳 丕亘丕丿丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵丕囟丨 賱賱睾丕賷丞 丕賱丕
丕賳賴 賱賲 賷賵賰丿 毓丿賲 氐丨丞 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 丕賱賲賳爻賵亘丞 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 亘卮賰賱 賰丕賲 賵匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘 丕賱爻乇賷丞 丕賱卮丿賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賶 賰丕賳鬲 鬲丨賷胤 胤賯賵爻 賯亘賵賱 丕賮乇丕丿 噩丿丿
賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 .. 賵乇睾賲 丕賳賶 毓賳丿賶 卮毓賵乇 丕賵 乇睾亘丞 賮賶 鬲氐丿賷賯 亘乇丕亍丞 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱鬲賶 噩賲毓鬲 亘賷賳 氐賮鬲賷賳 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 賵丕賱噩賴丕丿 亘賮賶 爻亘賷賱 賲丕 賷丐賲賳賵賳 亘賴 賵丕鬲噩丕賴賲 賱賱鬲賯卮賮 賵毓丿賲 丕賲鬲賱丕賰 爻賵賶 賲丕 賷賰賮賶 賷賵賲賴賲 丕賵 毓賷卮 丕亘爻胤 丨賷丕丞 賲賲賰賳丞
賮賴賲 賰丕賳賵丕 亘賲孬丕亘丞 乇賴亘丕賳 賲丨丕乇亘賷賳 丕賱丕 丕賳賶 丕丨鬲乇賲鬲 賱賱睾丕賷丞 丨賷丕丿賷丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘
毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賵賲 賰丕賳鬲 乇丨賱丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲賲鬲毓丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞 賵賱賲賳 丕乇丕丿 丕賳 賷鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 丨賷丕丞 賴丐賱丕亍 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 賮丕賳賴 賷賵噩丿 賵孬丕卅賯賶 賷賳丕賯卮 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 賲賳 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞
丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱丕賵賱
丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱孬丕賳賶
丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱孬丕賱孬
丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱乇丕亘毓 賵丕賱丕禺賷乇
May 25, 2013
I've read a score of books which touch on The Knights Templar, many of them relaying speculations about the treasures of Solomon (including, by some accounts, the Ark of the Covenant itself) found when they took possession of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem; or repeating the slanders of the accusers from the Holy Office (Inquisition) and French throne who condemned them for heresy and sodomy; or imagining them to be a secret gnostic order; or attributing to them the discovery and possession of the Grail. This book, to its credit, sticks to the contemporaneous sources and tells a straight history of the Order from its creation to its destruction, a period spanning the years 1119 through 1312.
Howarth presents his history as an engaging story, involving the reader emotionally with many of the persons and events described and giving enough historical and sociological background to allow even those new to the period enough sense of context to follow along. There are a few heroes, the greatest of them being a Moslem, Saladin, and there are many monsters, most notably Philip the Fair, King of France, and his lackies. All-in-all, the history appears balanced and even the motives of the worst characters are explained plausibly.
As regards the mysteries of the Order, many of which came out in the papal and state charges against them, the author does suggest that perhaps they did indeed possess what is now known as The Shroud of Turin, captured during the Crusaders' sack Constantinople, a thesis advanced by several scholars.
Howarth presents his history as an engaging story, involving the reader emotionally with many of the persons and events described and giving enough historical and sociological background to allow even those new to the period enough sense of context to follow along. There are a few heroes, the greatest of them being a Moslem, Saladin, and there are many monsters, most notably Philip the Fair, King of France, and his lackies. All-in-all, the history appears balanced and even the motives of the worst characters are explained plausibly.
As regards the mysteries of the Order, many of which came out in the papal and state charges against them, the author does suggest that perhaps they did indeed possess what is now known as The Shroud of Turin, captured during the Crusaders' sack Constantinople, a thesis advanced by several scholars.
March 31, 2014
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 睾乇亘賷丞 賲丨丕賷丿丞
賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 丕賱丕 鬲鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴賲 乇睾賲 兀賳 賳賴丕賷鬲賴賲 賵賯毓鬲 亘爻亘亘 噩賴賱賴賲 賵賯賱丞 丕賱禺亘乇丞 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞
卮噩丕毓丞 賵 亘爻丕賱丞 賵 鬲賯賵賶 賮賷 丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳 毓賯賷丿鬲賴賲 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱兀賴賵丕亍 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 賱丕 鬲乇丨賲 賮賴賷 賲孬賱 爻乇胤丕賳 禺亘賷孬 廿匕丕 兀爻鬲胤丕毓 丕賱賳賮丕匕 廿賱賷賰 鬲賵睾賱 賮賷 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賰賷丕賳 賵 賯囟賶 毓賱賷賴
賲丕 兀卮亘賴 賯氐氐 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘毓囟賴丕 賱亘毓囟 賮賲丕 丨丿孬 賲毓 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賲毓亘丿 丨丿孬 賲毓 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶
氐乇丕毓 丕賱爻賱胤丞 賵丕賱賲丕賱 賵 丕賱丿賷賳 胤丕賱賲丕 爻丕賱鬲 亘爻亘亘賴 兀賳賴丕乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賲丕亍 丨賷孬 丕賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賵丕囟丨 兀賳 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賴賷 兀乇禺氐 兀胤乇丕賮 丕賱賲毓丕丿賱丞
兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 乇丕卅毓 賵 亘爻賷胤 賵 賲乇鬲亘 亘丨賷孬 賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 丕賱丕 鬲爻鬲賲鬲毓 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 .
賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 丕賱丕 鬲鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴賲 乇睾賲 兀賳 賳賴丕賷鬲賴賲 賵賯毓鬲 亘爻亘亘 噩賴賱賴賲 賵賯賱丞 丕賱禺亘乇丞 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞
卮噩丕毓丞 賵 亘爻丕賱丞 賵 鬲賯賵賶 賮賷 丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳 毓賯賷丿鬲賴賲 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱兀賴賵丕亍 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 賱丕 鬲乇丨賲 賮賴賷 賲孬賱 爻乇胤丕賳 禺亘賷孬 廿匕丕 兀爻鬲胤丕毓 丕賱賳賮丕匕 廿賱賷賰 鬲賵睾賱 賮賷 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賰賷丕賳 賵 賯囟賶 毓賱賷賴
賲丕 兀卮亘賴 賯氐氐 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘毓囟賴丕 賱亘毓囟 賮賲丕 丨丿孬 賲毓 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賲毓亘丿 丨丿孬 賲毓 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶
氐乇丕毓 丕賱爻賱胤丞 賵丕賱賲丕賱 賵 丕賱丿賷賳 胤丕賱賲丕 爻丕賱鬲 亘爻亘亘賴 兀賳賴丕乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賲丕亍 丨賷孬 丕賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賵丕囟丨 兀賳 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賴賷 兀乇禺氐 兀胤乇丕賮 丕賱賲毓丕丿賱丞
兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 乇丕卅毓 賵 亘爻賷胤 賵 賲乇鬲亘 亘丨賷孬 賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 丕賱丕 鬲爻鬲賲鬲毓 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 .
November 4, 2016
"賱賲 賷賰賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賱丕卅賰丞 丕賵 賯丿賷爻賷賷賳 賵賱賰賳賴賲 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵 卮賷丕胤賷賳 丕賷囟丕賸"
賲賲鬲毓 丕賳 鬲賯乇丕 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 噩賲丕毓丞 貙賯乇亘 賲賵囟賵毓賴丕 賲賳 丕賱丕爻胤賵乇賷丞 亘賴丕賱丕賷丕賲貙 亘胤乇賷賯丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲丨丕賷丿丞 賵亘丕爻賱賵亘 賯乇賷亘 賲賳 丕爻賱賵亘 丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲
賲賲鬲毓 丕賳 鬲賯乇丕 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 噩賲丕毓丞 貙賯乇亘 賲賵囟賵毓賴丕 賲賳 丕賱丕爻胤賵乇賷丞 亘賴丕賱丕賷丕賲貙 亘胤乇賷賯丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲丨丕賷丿丞 賵亘丕爻賱賵亘 賯乇賷亘 賲賳 丕爻賱賵亘 丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲
January 18, 2015
I just finished a book that was a real surprise to me. This book which is authored by Stephen Howarth was loaned to me by a man of the same name who is my neighbor who is not the author. Yeah I know that is strange. But that is another story.
I thought that I would speed read it, right? I mean I have read a lot of Masonic history and have a number of books on my book shelves. Speed reading this book will not work. It is way too full of hard facts 12th century history to run through it. I took world history in both high school and college, but never had this many facts and perspective presented in such an effective manner.
This book is set in the age of crusades with all the glory and gore that goes into that time period. What started off with great intentions - providing protection to Christians going to and from the Holy Land and ending up so very different. The power of the Knights Templar is legendary - their military prowess along with their financial wealth is well known. The Knights Templar reported to the Pope and to one else in the beginning. That is not how society worked in those days.
They acquired land and castles via gifts for the most part as well as conquest. This was all over Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. They were made up of diplomats, tax gatherers, as well as bankers and merchants. Individually they were poor, but as an organization, they were hugely wealthy and as a result powerful.
Over the course of time they got cross ways with the church in Rome, who had accumulated enormous financial debt to the Templars that the church finally had to literally put them out of business.
Given that my wife, my brother and sister in law were in Provence in May of '14, the names of places was of special interest. I found myself frequently putting down those names and places and then going to the Internet to look them up and/or going to Google-earth to look a them.
This book is extremely well researched and literally absorbed my interest while reading it. encompassed the rise & fall of an Order of fighting men, equally devoted to God, war & the defense of Palestine.
If you have interest in the Masonic Order as well as the Knights Templar and of that period of history - you will enjoy this book. It is not a book to speed read, but is full of an outstanding research effort. The thing I liked the most was the author's effort - successful - to explain the politics of the time. Fascinating.
The end of the order is brutal - but given the power in Rome and the politics of Rome, was entirely predictable.
I thought that I would speed read it, right? I mean I have read a lot of Masonic history and have a number of books on my book shelves. Speed reading this book will not work. It is way too full of hard facts 12th century history to run through it. I took world history in both high school and college, but never had this many facts and perspective presented in such an effective manner.
This book is set in the age of crusades with all the glory and gore that goes into that time period. What started off with great intentions - providing protection to Christians going to and from the Holy Land and ending up so very different. The power of the Knights Templar is legendary - their military prowess along with their financial wealth is well known. The Knights Templar reported to the Pope and to one else in the beginning. That is not how society worked in those days.
They acquired land and castles via gifts for the most part as well as conquest. This was all over Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. They were made up of diplomats, tax gatherers, as well as bankers and merchants. Individually they were poor, but as an organization, they were hugely wealthy and as a result powerful.
Over the course of time they got cross ways with the church in Rome, who had accumulated enormous financial debt to the Templars that the church finally had to literally put them out of business.
Given that my wife, my brother and sister in law were in Provence in May of '14, the names of places was of special interest. I found myself frequently putting down those names and places and then going to the Internet to look them up and/or going to Google-earth to look a them.
This book is extremely well researched and literally absorbed my interest while reading it. encompassed the rise & fall of an Order of fighting men, equally devoted to God, war & the defense of Palestine.
If you have interest in the Masonic Order as well as the Knights Templar and of that period of history - you will enjoy this book. It is not a book to speed read, but is full of an outstanding research effort. The thing I liked the most was the author's effort - successful - to explain the politics of the time. Fascinating.
The end of the order is brutal - but given the power in Rome and the politics of Rome, was entirely predictable.
December 7, 2019
You can't miss here that the Crusades were much more complex than merely Christians fighting Muslims. The Byzantines fight the Armenians, the Franks fight the Armenians and the Byzantines, the Muslims of Damascus ally with the Franks against those of Cairo, the Old Man of the Mountain plots against all, etc. etc. For this narrative alone the book is a worthy read, because it opposes the current pop (and false) narrative. (There are lots of primary sources that would attest to them, but few are reading them). Even the amazing insinuation that the Knights might have "thrown" a battle in exchange for a bribe from a city with whom they had good relations. His portrayal of the tension between those who refused to treat with Muslims and those who treated reminds me of the Cold War.
Howarth is at his absolute best as he describes the unfolding of the church-state conflict between Philip IV and Clement V. This narrative certainly emphasizes to me the value of the Bill of Rights and the wisdom of separation of powers.
Howarth also does a great job laying out the various schemes Philip pursues to expand his budget and attack those to whom he owed the most--the Jews and the Knights Templar. One can see many of these economic policies being employed still today by modern governments.
Howarth is at his absolute best as he describes the unfolding of the church-state conflict between Philip IV and Clement V. This narrative certainly emphasizes to me the value of the Bill of Rights and the wisdom of separation of powers.
Howarth also does a great job laying out the various schemes Philip pursues to expand his budget and attack those to whom he owed the most--the Jews and the Knights Templar. One can see many of these economic policies being employed still today by modern governments.
February 19, 2018
Most of this book I considered a good, and refreshingly unbiased, history of the Templars from their founding and through the Crusades to their end in France. The volume is full of facts I found interesting and enlightening, especially during the years when the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem remained in existence.
Unfortunately, the time of the Templars covered in this book was not so precise. The Templars are referred to as 5000 in France with all of them successfully arrested on the order of Philip IV, when actually only between 600-700 were rounded up and imprisoned. Furthermore, there was absolutely no mention of 18 ships of the Templar fleet escaping from La Rachelle, France, or the empty treasure vault of the Paris Temple.
In re-cap, my 4 stars is for the body of work written about the founding of the Templars and their actions throughout the Holy Land, before, during, and after the liberation of Jerusalem.
Unfortunately, the time of the Templars covered in this book was not so precise. The Templars are referred to as 5000 in France with all of them successfully arrested on the order of Philip IV, when actually only between 600-700 were rounded up and imprisoned. Furthermore, there was absolutely no mention of 18 ships of the Templar fleet escaping from La Rachelle, France, or the empty treasure vault of the Paris Temple.
In re-cap, my 4 stars is for the body of work written about the founding of the Templars and their actions throughout the Holy Land, before, during, and after the liberation of Jerusalem.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
September 14, 2019
Nos, feleim, 铆gy kell nagyj谩b贸l kin茅znie egy ismeretterjeszt艖 munk谩nak, amit sz茅lesebb k枚z枚ns茅gnek 铆rtak: vil谩gos, t枚m枚r 茅s j贸l szerkesztett. Ami茅rt pedig k眉l枚n becs眉l枚m Howarth-ot, hogy siker眉lt t谩rgyszer疟nek maradnia 鈥� pedig a t枚rt茅nelmi adatok k枚zt t谩tong贸 hi谩tus nagyon cs谩b铆t arra, hogy gy铆kemberekkel meg a kerti tuj谩k 谩rny茅k谩ban chemtrail-levet kotyvaszt贸 zsid贸-szabadk艖m疟vesekkel t枚lts眉k ki鈥�
Az茅rt megjegyzem: a templomos rend felsz谩mol谩s谩nak le铆r谩sakor t枚bb felt茅telez茅st is belemos az 铆r贸 a sz枚vegbe, de m茅rt茅kkel teszi. Mer茅szebb v谩laszt nem is hajland贸 megkock谩ztatni az Umberto Eco-t is foglalkoztat贸 Nagy K茅rd茅sre*, mint hogy a templomos rend szervezeti fel茅p铆t茅se az id艖k sor谩n eg茅szs茅gtelen眉l merevv茅 v谩lt, ellent茅tben az ispot谩lyosok茅val, akik k茅pesek voltak reag谩lni a megv谩ltozott t枚rt茅nelmi k枚rnyezetre. Ut贸bbiak Jeruzs谩lem elveszt茅se ut谩n sikeresen 谩tk茅pezt茅k magukat a F枚ldk枚zi-tenger kereskedelmi 煤tvonalainak 艖rz艖iv茅, szerencs茅tlen templomosok meg tov谩bbra is a Szentf枚ldr艖l 谩lmodoztak 鈥� nem vett茅k 茅szre, hogy a keresztes h谩bor煤k ideje lej谩rt. Haszn谩lhatatlan, de vesz茅lyes fegyverr茅 v谩ltak, 茅s nem is tudtak r贸la.
Am煤gy ez a k枚nyv legal谩bb annyira a keresztes h谩bor煤k, 茅s a szentf枚ldi frank 谩llamocsk谩k (az Outremer) t枚rt茅nete, mint a lovagrend茅. Aminek nagyon 枚r眉l枚k, mert ezek olyan jelens茅gek, amik a mai napig kihat贸an be谩razt谩k a kereszt茅nys茅get az iszl谩m szem茅ben. A sztereot铆pi谩k a kapzsi, intoler谩ns, civakod贸 茅s istentelen lovagokr贸l a mai napig felbukkannak a radik谩lis nyugat-ellenes diskurzusban**. M谩sfel艖l ez az esem茅nysor t谩masztotta fel a harcos pr贸f茅ta m铆tosz谩t is Szaladinnak k枚sz枚nhet艖en, aki h铆v艖, irgalmas, szavatart贸 茅s vit茅z 鈥� mindent elmond r贸la, hogy m茅g a frankok sem nagyon tudtak egy rossz sz贸t mondani r谩.
Engem azonban az ny疟g枚z le legink谩bb ebben az eg茅szben, hogy egy ilyen ad hoc m贸don megtervezett, csapnival贸an kivitelezett, impotens vezet艖kkel terhelt nyamvadt gyarmatos铆t谩s olyan 谩llamokat volt k茅pes l茅trehozni, amik (hellyel-k枚zzel) 200 茅vig megmaradtak a t茅rs茅gben. Foggal-k枚r枚mmel kapaszkodtak a Szentf枚ldbe, holott akinek szeme volt, l谩thatta, nem lesz ennek 铆gy j贸 v茅ge. Ez a maga 茅rtelmetlen m贸dj谩n meglehet艖sen b谩mulatos. 脡s az 艖 szem茅lyes hit眉kr艖l 茅pp olyan sokat elmond, mint az iszl谩m egys茅g hi谩ny谩r贸l 鈥� amit az茅rt mell茅kesen siker眉lt megteremteni眉k. 脷gyhogy ha valakinek j贸t tettek, h谩t azok a muzulm谩nok. 脥gy megy ez.
* Ami pedig a k枚vetkez艖: hogyan sz谩molhatt谩k fel n茅h谩ny 茅v alatt a korszak tal谩n leggazdagabb, legsz谩mottev艖bb szervezet茅t an茅lk眉l, hogy igaz谩n kem茅ny ellen谩ll谩sba 眉tk枚ztek volna?
** Oszama 2002-es ki谩ltv谩ny谩ban is k枚zponti szerepet kapott az anal贸gia az USA 茅s a XII. sz谩zadi kereszt茅ny betolakod贸k k枚z枚tt. Persze Oszama azt nem eml铆tette, hogy a h贸d铆t谩s spir谩lj谩t val贸sz铆n疟leg az iszl谩m ind铆totta el azzal, hogy az 艖skereszt茅ny 脡szak-Afrik谩t, 茅s a mai Spanyolorsz谩g j贸 r茅sz茅t elfoglalta. Ugyanakkor az er艖szak spir谩lj谩nak nem kis r茅szben a keresztesek adt谩k meg a kezd艖l枚k茅st, amikor 茅s ahogy 1099-ben elfoglalt谩k Jeruzs谩lemet. Amely esem茅ny kiv谩l贸an megmutatja a szakad茅kot a korszak kereszt茅ny 茅s mohamed谩n tolerancia-elk茅pzel茅se k枚z枚tt is.
Az茅rt megjegyzem: a templomos rend felsz谩mol谩s谩nak le铆r谩sakor t枚bb felt茅telez茅st is belemos az 铆r贸 a sz枚vegbe, de m茅rt茅kkel teszi. Mer茅szebb v谩laszt nem is hajland贸 megkock谩ztatni az Umberto Eco-t is foglalkoztat贸 Nagy K茅rd茅sre*, mint hogy a templomos rend szervezeti fel茅p铆t茅se az id艖k sor谩n eg茅szs茅gtelen眉l merevv茅 v谩lt, ellent茅tben az ispot谩lyosok茅val, akik k茅pesek voltak reag谩lni a megv谩ltozott t枚rt茅nelmi k枚rnyezetre. Ut贸bbiak Jeruzs谩lem elveszt茅se ut谩n sikeresen 谩tk茅pezt茅k magukat a F枚ldk枚zi-tenger kereskedelmi 煤tvonalainak 艖rz艖iv茅, szerencs茅tlen templomosok meg tov谩bbra is a Szentf枚ldr艖l 谩lmodoztak 鈥� nem vett茅k 茅szre, hogy a keresztes h谩bor煤k ideje lej谩rt. Haszn谩lhatatlan, de vesz茅lyes fegyverr茅 v谩ltak, 茅s nem is tudtak r贸la.
Am煤gy ez a k枚nyv legal谩bb annyira a keresztes h谩bor煤k, 茅s a szentf枚ldi frank 谩llamocsk谩k (az Outremer) t枚rt茅nete, mint a lovagrend茅. Aminek nagyon 枚r眉l枚k, mert ezek olyan jelens茅gek, amik a mai napig kihat贸an be谩razt谩k a kereszt茅nys茅get az iszl谩m szem茅ben. A sztereot铆pi谩k a kapzsi, intoler谩ns, civakod贸 茅s istentelen lovagokr贸l a mai napig felbukkannak a radik谩lis nyugat-ellenes diskurzusban**. M谩sfel艖l ez az esem茅nysor t谩masztotta fel a harcos pr贸f茅ta m铆tosz谩t is Szaladinnak k枚sz枚nhet艖en, aki h铆v艖, irgalmas, szavatart贸 茅s vit茅z 鈥� mindent elmond r贸la, hogy m茅g a frankok sem nagyon tudtak egy rossz sz贸t mondani r谩.
Engem azonban az ny疟g枚z le legink谩bb ebben az eg茅szben, hogy egy ilyen ad hoc m贸don megtervezett, csapnival贸an kivitelezett, impotens vezet艖kkel terhelt nyamvadt gyarmatos铆t谩s olyan 谩llamokat volt k茅pes l茅trehozni, amik (hellyel-k枚zzel) 200 茅vig megmaradtak a t茅rs茅gben. Foggal-k枚r枚mmel kapaszkodtak a Szentf枚ldbe, holott akinek szeme volt, l谩thatta, nem lesz ennek 铆gy j贸 v茅ge. Ez a maga 茅rtelmetlen m贸dj谩n meglehet艖sen b谩mulatos. 脡s az 艖 szem茅lyes hit眉kr艖l 茅pp olyan sokat elmond, mint az iszl谩m egys茅g hi谩ny谩r贸l 鈥� amit az茅rt mell茅kesen siker眉lt megteremteni眉k. 脷gyhogy ha valakinek j贸t tettek, h谩t azok a muzulm谩nok. 脥gy megy ez.
* Ami pedig a k枚vetkez艖: hogyan sz谩molhatt谩k fel n茅h谩ny 茅v alatt a korszak tal谩n leggazdagabb, legsz谩mottev艖bb szervezet茅t an茅lk眉l, hogy igaz谩n kem茅ny ellen谩ll谩sba 眉tk枚ztek volna?
** Oszama 2002-es ki谩ltv谩ny谩ban is k枚zponti szerepet kapott az anal贸gia az USA 茅s a XII. sz谩zadi kereszt茅ny betolakod贸k k枚z枚tt. Persze Oszama azt nem eml铆tette, hogy a h贸d铆t谩s spir谩lj谩t val贸sz铆n疟leg az iszl谩m ind铆totta el azzal, hogy az 艖skereszt茅ny 脡szak-Afrik谩t, 茅s a mai Spanyolorsz谩g j贸 r茅sz茅t elfoglalta. Ugyanakkor az er艖szak spir谩lj谩nak nem kis r茅szben a keresztesek adt谩k meg a kezd艖l枚k茅st, amikor 茅s ahogy 1099-ben elfoglalt谩k Jeruzs谩lemet. Amely esem茅ny kiv谩l贸an megmutatja a szakad茅kot a korszak kereszt茅ny 茅s mohamed谩n tolerancia-elk茅pzel茅se k枚z枚tt is.
June 26, 2019
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賷丨賰賷 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賴賷賰賱 爻賱賷賲丕賳 - 賲賳 亘丿丕賷丞 鬲賰賵賷賳賴丕 丨鬲賶 廿丿丕賳鬲賴丕 賵丨馗乇賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 賮賷賱賷亘 丕賱兀卮賯乇 - 亘毓賷丿丕 毓賳 賰賱 丕賱兀賵賴丕賲 賵丕賱兀爻丕胤賷乇 賵丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 丕賱禺賷丕賱賷丞 丕賱賱賷 丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 亘丕賱噩賲丕毓丞.
賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 噩賲丕毓丞 丿賷賳賷丞 鬲賰賵賳鬲 亘睾乇囟 丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱丨噩丕噩 賱賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞貙 賱賰賳 鬲胤賵乇鬲 賲賴丕賲賴賲 賱賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳賴丕 兀賵 丕爻鬲乇噩丕毓賴丕 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱毓丿賷丿丞貙 賵賰丕賳 亘賷賲賷夭賴丕 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱卮丿賷丿 賵丕賱爻乇賷丞 丕賱亘丕賱睾丞 丕賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賱賰賱 丕賱兀爻丕胤賷乇 丕賱賱賷 丕鬲賰賵賳鬲 毓賳賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳 乇丨賱丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 卮賷賯丞 賲乇鬲 亘孬賱丕孬丞 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱賶貙 賵丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 亘卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賲賴賲丞 夭賷 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱兀賷賵亘賷 賵乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 賯賱亘 丕賱兀爻丿 賵丕賱賲賱賰 賯賱丕賵賵賳貙 賵鬲胤乇賯鬲 亘氐乇丕丨丞 賱賰賱 丕賱賲胤丕賲毓 賵丕賱賲賮丕爻丿 賵丕賱睾賷亘賵亘丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 賵賯鬲賴丕 賱賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賷丨賰賲賴丕 丕賱丿賷賳貙 賵丕賱賲賱賰 賰丕賳 賲禺賵賱 賲賳 丕賱乇亘 亘鬲賳賮賷匕 兀丨賰丕賲賴貙 毓賱卮丕賳 賰丿賴 賰丕賳 爻賴賱 噩丿丕 丕賱鬲賱丕毓亘 亘丕賱賳丕爻 賵鬲賵噩賷賴賴賲 賵丕賱囟睾胤 毓賱賷賴賲 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丿賷賳貙 丕賱賵乇賯丞 丕賱賱賷 丿丕賷賲丕 鬲賰爻亘 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱賵乇毓丞 賵丕賱賲鬲丨賮馗丞 馗丕賴乇賷丕.
丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賮賰乇鬲賳賷 賳賵毓丕 賲丕 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱廿禺賵丕賳貙 乇睾賲 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賰賵賷賳貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵丕賱賲賷孬丕賯 賵丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賲丿亘乇丞 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱丨丕賰賲 亘爻亘亘 丕賱鬲囟丕乇亘 賮賷 丕賱賲氐丕賱丨 賵胤賲毓丕 賮賷 丕賱丕爻鬲丨賵丕匕 毓賱賶 賲賰鬲爻亘丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賲丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱爻賱胤賵賷丞 鬲賰丕丿 鬲賰賵賳 賲鬲胤丕亘賯丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 丕賱毓賷丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賷賱貙 賵賯丿 賷賱丕賯賷 丕賱賯丕乇卅 亘毓囟 丕賱氐毓賵亘丞 賮賷 兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱兀噩賳亘賷 丕賱賱賷 兀丨賷丕賳丕 亘賷丐丿賷 賱賱鬲卮鬲鬲貙 賱賰賳賴 睾夭賷乇 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵爻丕丨乇 賮賷 賳賯賱賴 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丨賯亘丞 賳丕丿乇 丕賱鬲丨丿孬 毓賳賴丕.
賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 噩賲丕毓丞 丿賷賳賷丞 鬲賰賵賳鬲 亘睾乇囟 丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱丨噩丕噩 賱賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞貙 賱賰賳 鬲胤賵乇鬲 賲賴丕賲賴賲 賱賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳賴丕 兀賵 丕爻鬲乇噩丕毓賴丕 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱毓丿賷丿丞貙 賵賰丕賳 亘賷賲賷夭賴丕 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱卮丿賷丿 賵丕賱爻乇賷丞 丕賱亘丕賱睾丞 丕賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賱賰賱 丕賱兀爻丕胤賷乇 丕賱賱賷 丕鬲賰賵賳鬲 毓賳賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳 乇丨賱丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 卮賷賯丞 賲乇鬲 亘孬賱丕孬丞 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱賶貙 賵丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 亘卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賲賴賲丞 夭賷 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱兀賷賵亘賷 賵乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 賯賱亘 丕賱兀爻丿 賵丕賱賲賱賰 賯賱丕賵賵賳貙 賵鬲胤乇賯鬲 亘氐乇丕丨丞 賱賰賱 丕賱賲胤丕賲毓 賵丕賱賲賮丕爻丿 賵丕賱睾賷亘賵亘丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 賵賯鬲賴丕 賱賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賷丨賰賲賴丕 丕賱丿賷賳貙 賵丕賱賲賱賰 賰丕賳 賲禺賵賱 賲賳 丕賱乇亘 亘鬲賳賮賷匕 兀丨賰丕賲賴貙 毓賱卮丕賳 賰丿賴 賰丕賳 爻賴賱 噩丿丕 丕賱鬲賱丕毓亘 亘丕賱賳丕爻 賵鬲賵噩賷賴賴賲 賵丕賱囟睾胤 毓賱賷賴賲 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丿賷賳貙 丕賱賵乇賯丞 丕賱賱賷 丿丕賷賲丕 鬲賰爻亘 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱賵乇毓丞 賵丕賱賲鬲丨賮馗丞 馗丕賴乇賷丕.
丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賮賰乇鬲賳賷 賳賵毓丕 賲丕 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱廿禺賵丕賳貙 乇睾賲 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賰賵賷賳貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵丕賱賲賷孬丕賯 賵丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賲丿亘乇丞 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱丨丕賰賲 亘爻亘亘 丕賱鬲囟丕乇亘 賮賷 丕賱賲氐丕賱丨 賵胤賲毓丕 賮賷 丕賱丕爻鬲丨賵丕匕 毓賱賶 賲賰鬲爻亘丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賲丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱爻賱胤賵賷丞 鬲賰丕丿 鬲賰賵賳 賲鬲胤丕亘賯丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 丕賱毓賷丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賷賱貙 賵賯丿 賷賱丕賯賷 丕賱賯丕乇卅 亘毓囟 丕賱氐毓賵亘丞 賮賷 兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱兀噩賳亘賷 丕賱賱賷 兀丨賷丕賳丕 亘賷丐丿賷 賱賱鬲卮鬲鬲貙 賱賰賳賴 睾夭賷乇 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵爻丕丨乇 賮賷 賳賯賱賴 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丨賯亘丞 賳丕丿乇 丕賱鬲丨丿孬 毓賳賴丕.
February 19, 2021
賱賲 賷賰賳 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賱丕卅賰丞 兀賵 賯丿賷爻賷賳貙 賱賰賳賴賲 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 兀賷囟丕 卮賷丕胤賷賳.
亘賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲賱丞 賷禺鬲賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賯氐丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 兀賵 噩賳賵丿 丕賱賲爻賷丨 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍.
廿匕丕 兀乇丿鬲 兀賳 鬲丿禺賱 毓丕賱賲 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱丕亘丿 兀賳 鬲丐賲賳 亘賲亘丕丿卅賴賲 丕賱孬賱丕孬 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 ( 丕賱賮賯乇 _ 丕賱毓賮丞 _ 丕賱胤丕毓丞) 賰丕賳鬲 亘丿丕賷丞 賳卮兀鬲賴賲 賲賳 鬲爻毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賮賯胤 賵賰丕賳 賴丿賮賴賲 丕賱馗丕賴乇 賴賵 丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱丨噩丕噩 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷賳 廿賱賶 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 孬賲 夭丕丿鬲 卮毓亘賷鬲賴賲 賵夭丕丿 毓丿丿賴賲 賵兀氐亘丨賵丕 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱囟丕乇亘丞 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 賲丕 賵乇丕亍 丕賱亘丨丕乇.
賳兀鬲賷 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 廿賱賶 兀禺胤丕卅賴賲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賮丕丿丨丞 乇亘賲丕 賰丕賳賵丕 乇噩丕賱 丨乇亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳賴賲 乇噩丕賱 爻賷丕爻丞 丨賷孬 賳氐賱 廿賱賶 賳鬲賷噩丞 賲賴賲丞 兀賳 賲氐賱丨丞 亘賯丕卅賴賲 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賵乇丕亍賴 賴賵 丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 丕賱丨乇亘 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮乇賯 賵賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕爻鬲乇噩丕毓 丕賱賯丿爻 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 亘毓丿 兀爻賵兀 賴夭賷賲丞 賱丨賯鬲 亘賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賳賯氐丿 賴賳丕 賲賵賯毓丞 丨胤賷賳. 賵賱賰賳 丕賱賵丕賯毓 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賰丕賳 睾賷乇 匕賱賰. 賵噩丕亍 乇賮囟賴賲 賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 孬賲 毓丿丕卅賴 賱賴賲 賵丕賱賯囟丕亍 毓賱賷賴賲 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 亘賲爻丕毓丿丞 兀賵 鬲賵丕胤丐 賲賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲丿賷賳 賱賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 亘丕賱賵賱丕亍 兀丿賶 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賯囟丕亍 賳賴丕卅賷丕 毓賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賯乇丕亍 賷爻賵毓 丕賱賲爻賷丨 亘胤乇賷賯丞 亘卮毓丞.
丕賱賲賲賷夭 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓乇囟 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 亘丿賵賳 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 廿賱賶 兀賷 噩丕賳亘 賰賲丕 鬲胤乇賯 兀賷囟丕 廿賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 兀禺乇賶 鬲卮丕亘賰鬲 賲毓 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賴賷 亘丕賱胤亘毓 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱丕爻亘鬲丕賱賷賳 賵丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賱賴丕 丿賵乇 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 賵亘丕賱胤亘毓 賰賲 賴丕卅賱 賲賳 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵廿丨丿丕孬 賵丨乇賵亘 丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱.
賵賱賰賳 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 爻賯胤鬲 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱兀賳賴賲 乇噩丕賱 丨乇亘 賵賱賷爻 乇噩丕賱 爻賷丕爻丞 丕賳氐丨 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘.
亘賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲賱丞 賷禺鬲賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賯氐丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 兀賵 噩賳賵丿 丕賱賲爻賷丨 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍.
廿匕丕 兀乇丿鬲 兀賳 鬲丿禺賱 毓丕賱賲 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱丕亘丿 兀賳 鬲丐賲賳 亘賲亘丕丿卅賴賲 丕賱孬賱丕孬 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 ( 丕賱賮賯乇 _ 丕賱毓賮丞 _ 丕賱胤丕毓丞) 賰丕賳鬲 亘丿丕賷丞 賳卮兀鬲賴賲 賲賳 鬲爻毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賮賯胤 賵賰丕賳 賴丿賮賴賲 丕賱馗丕賴乇 賴賵 丨賲丕賷丞 丕賱丨噩丕噩 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷賳 廿賱賶 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 孬賲 夭丕丿鬲 卮毓亘賷鬲賴賲 賵夭丕丿 毓丿丿賴賲 賵兀氐亘丨賵丕 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱囟丕乇亘丞 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 賲丕 賵乇丕亍 丕賱亘丨丕乇.
賳兀鬲賷 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 廿賱賶 兀禺胤丕卅賴賲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賮丕丿丨丞 乇亘賲丕 賰丕賳賵丕 乇噩丕賱 丨乇亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳賴賲 乇噩丕賱 爻賷丕爻丞 丨賷孬 賳氐賱 廿賱賶 賳鬲賷噩丞 賲賴賲丞 兀賳 賲氐賱丨丞 亘賯丕卅賴賲 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賵乇丕亍賴 賴賵 丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 丕賱丨乇亘 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮乇賯 賵賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕爻鬲乇噩丕毓 丕賱賯丿爻 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 亘毓丿 兀爻賵兀 賴夭賷賲丞 賱丨賯鬲 亘賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賳賯氐丿 賴賳丕 賲賵賯毓丞 丨胤賷賳. 賵賱賰賳 丕賱賵丕賯毓 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賰丕賳 睾賷乇 匕賱賰. 賵噩丕亍 乇賮囟賴賲 賱丕賳囟賲丕賲 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 孬賲 毓丿丕卅賴 賱賴賲 賵丕賱賯囟丕亍 毓賱賷賴賲 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 亘賲爻丕毓丿丞 兀賵 鬲賵丕胤丐 賲賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賰賱賷賲賳鬲 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲丿賷賳 賱賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 亘丕賱賵賱丕亍 兀丿賶 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賯囟丕亍 賳賴丕卅賷丕 毓賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賮賯乇丕亍 賷爻賵毓 丕賱賲爻賷丨 亘胤乇賷賯丞 亘卮毓丞.
丕賱賲賲賷夭 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓乇囟 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 亘丿賵賳 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 廿賱賶 兀賷 噩丕賳亘 賰賲丕 鬲胤乇賯 兀賷囟丕 廿賱賶 噩賲丕毓丞 兀禺乇賶 鬲卮丕亘賰鬲 賲毓 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賴賷 亘丕賱胤亘毓 噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱丕爻亘鬲丕賱賷賳 賵丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賱賴丕 丿賵乇 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 賵亘丕賱胤亘毓 賰賲 賴丕卅賱 賲賳 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵廿丨丿丕孬 賵丨乇賵亘 丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賴賷賰賱.
賵賱賰賳 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 爻賯胤鬲 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱兀賳賴賲 乇噩丕賱 丨乇亘 賵賱賷爻 乇噩丕賱 爻賷丕爻丞 丕賳氐丨 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘.
July 4, 2020
賴賱 氐丕丿賮賰 賲乇丞 兀孬賳丕亍 賲乇賵乇賰 亘卮賵丕乇毓 賵爻胤 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 賱丕賮鬲賴 氐睾賷乇丞 鬲丨賲賱 毓亘丕乇丞 ( 爻賮丕乇丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賲丕賱胤丕).
賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯毓 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賷 鬲爻丕丐賱丕鬲賰.
賴賵 賮賯胤 賷爻乇丿 丕賱賲賳卮兀 賵 丕賱氐毓賵丿 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賰 丕賱賲丐賯鬲 .
賷賲賰賳 賲賯丕乇賳丞 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳 丕賱廿爻賲丕毓賷賱賷丞 賲賳 丨賷孬 賯賵丞 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 賵 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 賵毓丿賲 鬲亘毓賷鬲賴賲 賱兀賷 賲賱賰 賲賳 賲賱賵賲 丕賱賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱卮丕賲 亘賱 賷鬲亘毓賵賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賲亘丕卮乇丞.
丨鬲賷 毓賳丿 丿丨乇 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷賳 亘卮賰賱 賰丕賲賱 賵丕爻鬲乇丿丕丿 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 馗賱賵丕 毓賱賷 毓賴丿賴賲 賵 賱賲 賷乇噩毓賵丕 賱兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賱 鬲丨氐賳賵丕 亘噩夭乇 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀亘賷囟 賵丕賲鬲賴賳賵丕 丕賱賯乇氐賳丞 賲賳 賯亘乇氐 賵 賰乇賷鬲 賵賲丕賱胤丞.
丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 卮賷賯 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘 孬乇賷 賵丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賲賲鬲丕夭丞.
賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯毓 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賷 鬲爻丕丐賱丕鬲賰.
賴賵 賮賯胤 賷爻乇丿 丕賱賲賳卮兀 賵 丕賱氐毓賵丿 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賰 丕賱賲丐賯鬲 .
賷賲賰賳 賲賯丕乇賳丞 噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 亘噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱丨卮丕卮賷賳 丕賱廿爻賲丕毓賷賱賷丞 賲賳 丨賷孬 賯賵丞 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 賵 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 賵毓丿賲 鬲亘毓賷鬲賴賲 賱兀賷 賲賱賰 賲賳 賲賱賵賲 丕賱賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱卮丕賲 亘賱 賷鬲亘毓賵賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕 賲亘丕卮乇丞.
丨鬲賷 毓賳丿 丿丨乇 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷賳 亘卮賰賱 賰丕賲賱 賵丕爻鬲乇丿丕丿 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 馗賱賵丕 毓賱賷 毓賴丿賴賲 賵 賱賲 賷乇噩毓賵丕 賱兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賱 鬲丨氐賳賵丕 亘噩夭乇 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀亘賷囟 賵丕賲鬲賴賳賵丕 丕賱賯乇氐賳丞 賲賳 賯亘乇氐 賵 賰乇賷鬲 賵賲丕賱胤丞.
丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 卮賷賯 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘 孬乇賷 賵丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賲賲鬲丕夭丞.
November 23, 2009
A solid history of the rise and fall of the Knights Templar which eschews all the newagey nonsense that has been attached to the Templars and sticks to historical facts. By extension it is also a nice introduction to the story of the Crusades.
August 17, 2017
Well written and a good summary of a long, complex history. It forcefully reminded me of how far the current 'middle east conflict' can be traced through time and geography. It also reinforced my understanding of how much horror can and is perpetrated in the name of 'god.'
June 20, 2018
賰賯丕乇卅 賵賲賴賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 禺賱賮賷鬲賰 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞听 貙貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 廿賱丕 兀賳 鬲鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賲毓 丕賱卮乇賮 丕賱匕賷 禺爻乇賵賴貙貙賮賷 囟賵亍 鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 賵爻賷乇賴丕 賰丕賳 賲購爻賱賲丕賸 兀賳 鬲禺爻乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賱賰賳賴 賲賳 丕賱馗賱賲 兀賳 鬲賳鬲賴賷 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩乇丿鬲賴賲 賲賳 廿賷賲丕賳賴賲 亘賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲賴賲 賵賲賳 卮乇賮賴賲 丕賱匕賷 賰爻亘賵賴 毓賱賶 兀賳賴賲 乇兀爻 丕賱丨乇亘丞 賱兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞
丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀馗賴乇 鬲毓賯賱丕賸 丨賲賷丿丕賸 賵賲賳胤賯賷丞 賮賷 鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 毓賳丿 丕賱丨丕噩丞 賱廿亘丿丕亍 丕賱乇兀賷 賵丕毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賲氐丕丿乇 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賵兀馗賴乇 賯丿乇丞 賲賲鬲丕夭丞 毓賱賶 鬲賯賱賷亘 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵賲鬲丕亘毓鬲賴丕 賲賳 噩賴丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮囟賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賳氐丕賮賴 賮賷 賵氐賮 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 賮賳丕賱 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 賯爻胤丕賸 賲賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘賴 賲賳 丕賱卮乇賮 丕賱乇賮賷毓 賵丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 丕賱爻丕賲賷丞 賵賳丕賱 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱賲賱賵賰 丕賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 兀賷囟丕 賳氐賷亘賴賲 賵丨賯賴賲 賲賲丕 匕賰乇賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘賴貙貙 賵賮賯胤 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙貙 賮賰丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮賯 賲睾賱賯丕 賵賲乇賷丨丕賸 賮賷 賰賱 氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 :
丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱賲丨丕胤 亘丕賱爻乇賷丞 賵亘乇賴亘丞 丕賱睾賲賵囟貙丕賱兀爻乇丕乇貙 丕賱賯爻賲貙丕賱夭賷 丕賱賲賵丨丿 丕賱爻賱賵賰 丕賱賲賳囟亘胤 丕賱賲賳馗賵賲 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 噩賲賱丞 賯賵丕毓丿 鬲賳馗賲 丨賷丕丞 賲賳鬲爻亘賷 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 賲賳 兀氐睾乇 噩夭卅賷丞 丨鬲賶 兀賰亘乇賴丕
賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賴賰匕丕 鬲賳馗賷賲丕鬲 賲丿毓丕丞 賱賱乇賴亘丞 賵賲乇賰夭丕賸 賱賱丕卮丕毓丕鬲 丨爻賳賴丕 賵爻賷卅賴丕貙 賵賱丨亘 丕賱丕爻鬲賰卮丕賮 賱賱賳丕馗乇賷賳 丕賱賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 賲賳 丕賱禺丕乇噩 賮丨爻亘 賵廿賳賲丕 賵亘爻亘亘 爻乇賷鬲賴丕 賰孬賷乇丕賸 賲丕 鬲禺賱賯 賱賳賮爻賴丕 兀毓丿丕亍 賵鬲鬲賷丨 賱丕毓丿丕卅賴丕 賮乇氐丞 賱鬲乇賵賷噩 賳馗乇賷丕鬲賴賲 賵丕賰丕匕賷亘賴賲 丨賵賱賴丕 賵賱賳 賷賰賵賳 亘賲賯丿賵乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲 丕賱丕 丕賱鬲氐丿賷賯 禺丕氐丞 廿匕丕 賲丕 賰丕賳 丕賱兀毓丿丕亍 賴賲 兀卮禺丕氐 兀匕賰賷丕亍 禺亘孬丕亍 賰賮賷賱賷亘 賵賲毓丕賵賳賷賴
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丐乇禺 賱賲乇丨賱丞 賳卮賵亍 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 毓丿丿 賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 廿亘丕賳 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵賷賵囟丨 丌賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱匕賷 毓丕卮鬲賴 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱爻乇賷丞 亘丿亍丕賸 賲賳 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱賲毓賱賲賷賳 丕賱丕鬲爻丕毓 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵賮乇鬲 賱賴丕 賲賳 賲丐賲賳賷賳 兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 丨賰丕賲丕 賵賯爻丕賵爻丞 賵亘丿毓賲 禺丕賱氐 賲賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕賵丕鬲 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲亘毓鬲 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賱賴賲 賮睾丿鬲 賰賲賳馗賲丞 毓丕賱賲賷丞 賱賴丕 兀賮乇毓 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷 賰丕賲賱丕 賲夭丕乇毓 賵賯賱丕毓 賵丕卮睾丕賱 賷丿賷乇賴丕 兀賷囟丕 賮乇爻丕賳 賱賱賴賷賰賱 賵馗賷賮鬲賴賲 丿毓賲 丕賱賲賯丕鬲賱賷賳 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘丕賱賲丕賱 賵丕賱賲丐賳 賵丕賱乇噩丕賱
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 匕賰乇 丕賱賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞貙 賲賳 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賲爻賷乇 賱賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 賲毓 亘賷夭賳胤丞 賵丕賱賲毓丕乇賰 賲毓 丕賱兀鬲乇丕賰 賵賲毓 賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 卮乇賯 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 賵賮賷 丕賱兀賳丕囟賵賱
噩丕亍 毓賱賶 匕賰乇 丕賱禺胤賵胤 丕賱毓乇賷囟丞 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱爻乇賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丿丕禺賱 賵兀賴賲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 賲毓 匕賰乇 賲賵爻毓 賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲賴賲 亘賲賱賵賰 賵兀賲乇丕亍 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賯丿爻 賵丕賱賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賵兀賵乇亘丕 賵丕賱亘丕亘丕 賮賷 賲噩乇賶 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 丕毓鬲賲丿 賮賷賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賶 賲氐丕丿乇 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賰丕賳鬲 丕丨賷丕賳丕 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 兀賵 卮賴賵丿 賮乇賳噩丞 丿賵賳賵丕 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬
賵亘毓丿 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 賰孬乇丞 毓賳 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賯丿爻 賵丕賳胤丕賰賷丞 賵毓賱丕賯鬲賴賲丕 亘丿賲卮賯 賲氐乇 賵亘賷夭賳胤丞 賵亘毓丿 丕爻鬲毓丕丿丞 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 賱賱賯丿爻 夭賲賳 孬賲 丕賳賴賷丕乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵鬲乇賰夭賴丕 賮賷 賳賯丕胤 賯賱賷賱丞 丨鬲賶 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱胤乇丿 丕賱賳賴丕卅賷 賲賳 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲 賲賳 噩夭賷乇丞 丕乇賵丕丿 毓丕賲 1303貙貙 賱鬲賰賵賳 丕賱賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲丕賱賷丞 賴賷 賲乇丨賱丞 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵賮賰賴丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 兀卮亘賴 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 亘丕賱賲丐丕賲乇丞 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 賲賳 丿賵賱丞 亘賵賱賷爻賷丞 亘兀爻丕賱賷亘 賲賳馗賲丞 乇兀爻 丨乇亘鬲賴丕 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 賲丨丕胤丕賸 亘賲毓丕賵賳賷賳 賲丨賳賰賷賳 賵亘丕亘丕 囟毓賷賮 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 匕賱賷賱
賷丨賱賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀丨丿丕孬 噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱賲丨丕賰賲丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賲丕毓貙 賲毓 丕賱鬲毓匕賷亘 丕賱匕賷 鬲毓乇囟 賱賴 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 賱賱廿丿賱丕亍 亘丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賰丕賳鬲 睾丕賱亘賴丕 亘丨賰賲 丕賱囟睾胤 丕賱卮丿賷丿 賵賲丕 毓乇賮鬲賴 噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻鬲賲丕毓 賲賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘賷賳 賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱丕爻鬲賰丕賳丞 丨賷賳 賷賲爻賰 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 亘丕賱禺賷賵胤 兀賵 賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱賵賯賵賮 賵丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 丿賷 亘賵賱賵賳賷丕 丕賱匕賷 賱丕賯賶 賲氐賷乇丕 賲噩賴賵賱丕貙 賱鬲賳鬲氐乇 丕禺賷乇丕 廿乇丕丿丞 兀毓丿丕亍 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賷丨賱 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 賵鬲賲賳丨 丕賲賱丕賰賴 賱賲賳馗賲丞 賲爻賷丨賷丞 孬丕賳賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 兀賰孬乇 亘乇丕毓丞 賮賷 禺賱賯 賳賲賵匕噩 噩丿賷丿 賱賴丕 賮賷 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 亘毓丿 丕賱胤乇丿 賲賳 丕賱卮丕賲
丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀馗賴乇 鬲毓賯賱丕賸 丨賲賷丿丕賸 賵賲賳胤賯賷丞 賮賷 鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 毓賳丿 丕賱丨丕噩丞 賱廿亘丿丕亍 丕賱乇兀賷 賵丕毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賲氐丕丿乇 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賵兀馗賴乇 賯丿乇丞 賲賲鬲丕夭丞 毓賱賶 鬲賯賱賷亘 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵賲鬲丕亘毓鬲賴丕 賲賳 噩賴丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮囟賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賳氐丕賮賴 賮賷 賵氐賮 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 賮賳丕賱 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 賯爻胤丕賸 賲賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘賴 賲賳 丕賱卮乇賮 丕賱乇賮賷毓 賵丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 丕賱爻丕賲賷丞 賵賳丕賱 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱賲賱賵賰 丕賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 兀賷囟丕 賳氐賷亘賴賲 賵丨賯賴賲 賲賲丕 匕賰乇賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘賴貙貙 賵賮賯胤 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙貙 賮賰丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮賯 賲睾賱賯丕 賵賲乇賷丨丕賸 賮賷 賰賱 氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 :
丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱賲丨丕胤 亘丕賱爻乇賷丞 賵亘乇賴亘丞 丕賱睾賲賵囟貙丕賱兀爻乇丕乇貙 丕賱賯爻賲貙丕賱夭賷 丕賱賲賵丨丿 丕賱爻賱賵賰 丕賱賲賳囟亘胤 丕賱賲賳馗賵賲 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 噩賲賱丞 賯賵丕毓丿 鬲賳馗賲 丨賷丕丞 賲賳鬲爻亘賷 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 賲賳 兀氐睾乇 噩夭卅賷丞 丨鬲賶 兀賰亘乇賴丕
賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賴賰匕丕 鬲賳馗賷賲丕鬲 賲丿毓丕丞 賱賱乇賴亘丞 賵賲乇賰夭丕賸 賱賱丕卮丕毓丕鬲 丨爻賳賴丕 賵爻賷卅賴丕貙 賵賱丨亘 丕賱丕爻鬲賰卮丕賮 賱賱賳丕馗乇賷賳 丕賱賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 賲賳 丕賱禺丕乇噩 賮丨爻亘 賵廿賳賲丕 賵亘爻亘亘 爻乇賷鬲賴丕 賰孬賷乇丕賸 賲丕 鬲禺賱賯 賱賳賮爻賴丕 兀毓丿丕亍 賵鬲鬲賷丨 賱丕毓丿丕卅賴丕 賮乇氐丞 賱鬲乇賵賷噩 賳馗乇賷丕鬲賴賲 賵丕賰丕匕賷亘賴賲 丨賵賱賴丕 賵賱賳 賷賰賵賳 亘賲賯丿賵乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲 丕賱丕 丕賱鬲氐丿賷賯 禺丕氐丞 廿匕丕 賲丕 賰丕賳 丕賱兀毓丿丕亍 賴賲 兀卮禺丕氐 兀匕賰賷丕亍 禺亘孬丕亍 賰賮賷賱賷亘 賵賲毓丕賵賳賷賴
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丐乇禺 賱賲乇丨賱丞 賳卮賵亍 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 毓丿丿 賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 廿亘丕賳 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵賷賵囟丨 丌賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱匕賷 毓丕卮鬲賴 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱爻乇賷丞 亘丿亍丕賸 賲賳 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱賲毓賱賲賷賳 丕賱丕鬲爻丕毓 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵賮乇鬲 賱賴丕 賲賳 賲丐賲賳賷賳 兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 丨賰丕賲丕 賵賯爻丕賵爻丞 賵亘丿毓賲 禺丕賱氐 賲賳 丕賱亘丕亘丕賵丕鬲 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲亘毓鬲 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賱賴賲 賮睾丿鬲 賰賲賳馗賲丞 毓丕賱賲賷丞 賱賴丕 兀賮乇毓 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷 賰丕賲賱丕 賲夭丕乇毓 賵賯賱丕毓 賵丕卮睾丕賱 賷丿賷乇賴丕 兀賷囟丕 賮乇爻丕賳 賱賱賴賷賰賱 賵馗賷賮鬲賴賲 丿毓賲 丕賱賲賯丕鬲賱賷賳 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘丕賱賲丕賱 賵丕賱賲丐賳 賵丕賱乇噩丕賱
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 匕賰乇 丕賱賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞貙 賲賳 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賲爻賷乇 賱賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 賲毓 亘賷夭賳胤丞 賵丕賱賲毓丕乇賰 賲毓 丕賱兀鬲乇丕賰 賵賲毓 賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 卮乇賯 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 賵賮賷 丕賱兀賳丕囟賵賱
噩丕亍 毓賱賶 匕賰乇 丕賱禺胤賵胤 丕賱毓乇賷囟丞 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱爻乇賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丿丕禺賱 賵兀賴賲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 賲毓 匕賰乇 賲賵爻毓 賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲賴賲 亘賲賱賵賰 賵兀賲乇丕亍 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賯丿爻 賵丕賱賲賲丕賱賰 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵噩賲丕毓丞 賮乇爻丕賳 賵兀賵乇亘丕 賵丕賱亘丕亘丕 賮賷 賲噩乇賶 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 丕毓鬲賲丿 賮賷賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賶 賲氐丕丿乇 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賰丕賳鬲 丕丨賷丕賳丕 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 兀賵 卮賴賵丿 賮乇賳噩丞 丿賵賳賵丕 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬
賵亘毓丿 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 賰孬乇丞 毓賳 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賯丿爻 賵丕賳胤丕賰賷丞 賵毓賱丕賯鬲賴賲丕 亘丿賲卮賯 賲氐乇 賵亘賷夭賳胤丞 賵亘毓丿 丕爻鬲毓丕丿丞 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 賱賱賯丿爻 夭賲賳 孬賲 丕賳賴賷丕乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵鬲乇賰夭賴丕 賮賷 賳賯丕胤 賯賱賷賱丞 丨鬲賶 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱胤乇丿 丕賱賳賴丕卅賷 賲賳 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲 賲賳 噩夭賷乇丞 丕乇賵丕丿 毓丕賲 1303貙貙 賱鬲賰賵賳 丕賱賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲丕賱賷丞 賴賷 賲乇丨賱丞 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵賮賰賴丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 兀卮亘賴 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 亘丕賱賲丐丕賲乇丞 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 賲賳 丿賵賱丞 亘賵賱賷爻賷丞 亘兀爻丕賱賷亘 賲賳馗賲丞 乇兀爻 丨乇亘鬲賴丕 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 賲丨丕胤丕賸 亘賲毓丕賵賳賷賳 賲丨賳賰賷賳 賵亘丕亘丕 囟毓賷賮 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 匕賱賷賱
賷丨賱賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀丨丿丕孬 噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱賲丨丕賰賲丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賲丕毓貙 賲毓 丕賱鬲毓匕賷亘 丕賱匕賷 鬲毓乇囟 賱賴 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 賱賱廿丿賱丕亍 亘丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賰丕賳鬲 睾丕賱亘賴丕 亘丨賰賲 丕賱囟睾胤 丕賱卮丿賷丿 賵賲丕 毓乇賮鬲賴 噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻鬲賲丕毓 賲賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘賷賳 賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱丕爻鬲賰丕賳丞 丨賷賳 賷賲爻賰 丕賱賲賱賰 賮賷賱賷亘 亘丕賱禺賷賵胤 兀賵 賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱賵賯賵賮 賵丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 丿賷 亘賵賱賵賳賷丕 丕賱匕賷 賱丕賯賶 賲氐賷乇丕 賲噩賴賵賱丕貙 賱鬲賳鬲氐乇 丕禺賷乇丕 廿乇丕丿丞 兀毓丿丕亍 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賵賷丨賱 丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲 賵鬲賲賳丨 丕賲賱丕賰賴 賱賲賳馗賲丞 賲爻賷丨賷丞 孬丕賳賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 兀賰孬乇 亘乇丕毓丞 賮賷 禺賱賯 賳賲賵匕噩 噩丿賷丿 賱賴丕 賮賷 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 亘毓丿 丕賱胤乇丿 賲賳 丕賱卮丕賲
May 13, 2018
"The Templars were not angels or saints; but they were not devils either."
There were dozens of military-religious order knights during the crusades, so why are we all so obsessed with the Templars? Partly because they were a member only secret society. The Templars seem to be founded upon a mystery: how can an order of pseudo-monks be militaristic? Isn鈥檛 that a contradiction? Partly because of their dramatic and unjust demise. Part of the reason for the enduring mystique is the sheer range of business the Templars transacted. The order began as bodyguards, protecting pilgrims on the roads around Jerusalem in the 12th century. They developed into an elite military force. In the 13th century they added international banking services to their range of skills and took over accountancy services for royal governments. They were largely tax exempt and protected by the authority of the Pope. As an organization they could rival whole countries for wealth and military capability. Until someone greedy enough came along and wanted to take away everything that the Templars had, and at any cost.
Very well researched though obviously biased toward the Templars. They were religious fanatics who murdered people for no logical reason whatsoever. The author gleans over this and paints a much prettier picture of the order. It would have been helpful for the author to include maps when discussing locations. Not everyone knows their medieval geography; names of locations change over time. Some helpful maps would have made things clearer for me.
There were dozens of military-religious order knights during the crusades, so why are we all so obsessed with the Templars? Partly because they were a member only secret society. The Templars seem to be founded upon a mystery: how can an order of pseudo-monks be militaristic? Isn鈥檛 that a contradiction? Partly because of their dramatic and unjust demise. Part of the reason for the enduring mystique is the sheer range of business the Templars transacted. The order began as bodyguards, protecting pilgrims on the roads around Jerusalem in the 12th century. They developed into an elite military force. In the 13th century they added international banking services to their range of skills and took over accountancy services for royal governments. They were largely tax exempt and protected by the authority of the Pope. As an organization they could rival whole countries for wealth and military capability. Until someone greedy enough came along and wanted to take away everything that the Templars had, and at any cost.
Very well researched though obviously biased toward the Templars. They were religious fanatics who murdered people for no logical reason whatsoever. The author gleans over this and paints a much prettier picture of the order. It would have been helpful for the author to include maps when discussing locations. Not everyone knows their medieval geography; names of locations change over time. Some helpful maps would have made things clearer for me.
June 16, 2020
丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賮賷 兀賰孬乇 兀噩夭丕卅賴丕 乇鬲賷亘丞 賲賲賱丞 賵丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賲卮鬲鬲丞 賱賰賳 亘丕賱噩賲賱丞 禺乇噩鬲 賲賳賴丕 亘毓丿丞 賮賵丕卅丿:
1- "賵噩丿 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷賷賳 丕賱卮乇賯賷賷賳 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 丕賱賯丿爻 賲丕賰丕賳 賲亘毓孬 丿賴卮鬲賴賲貙 兀賳 丕賱丨賰丕賲 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 賷鬲氐賮賵賳 亘丕賱毓丿賱 賮丕賱囟乇丕卅亘 兀禺賮 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 毓賱賷賴 鬲丨鬲 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞貙 賵賱賴賲 丨乇賷丞 丕賱毓亘丕丿丞"
2- "賰丕賳 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 賯丿丕爻丞 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賴賵 兀賳 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞貙 丕賱丌孬丕乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賱賱賲爻賷丨 賲賳 鬲丕噩 丕賱兀卮賵丕賰 賵睾賷乇賴"
3- 賯丕賲 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 亘賰鬲丕亘丞 賲賷孬丕賯 賷丨賰賲 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 賵賰丕賳 賲賳 囟賲賳賴 兀賱丕 賷鬲賳丕賵賱賵丕 丕賱賱丨賲 廿賱丕 3 賲乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓貙 賵亘毓丿 賵賮丕丞 兀賷 賮乇丿 賲賳賴賲 賷購胤毓賽賲賵賳 賮賯賷乇丕賸 賱賲丿丞 40 賷賵賲丕賸貙 毓丿賲 丕爻鬲賯亘丕賱 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賲噩賲賵毓丞 .. 賵賲賳 賷禺丕賱賮 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賵丕賲乇 賰丕賳 賷購毓丕賯賻亘 亘毓賯賵亘丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 丨爻亘 噩購乇賲賴 賮亘毓囟賴丕 氐睾賷乇丞 賲購匕賱賾丞 賰兀賳 賷兀賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐 胤毓丕賲賴 賲賳 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 賵氐賵賱丕賸 廿賱賶 毓賯賵亘丞 丕賱胤乇丿
4- "賰丕賳 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 鬲賯賷丕賸 賲毓鬲丿賱丕賸 乇丨賵賲丕賸 噩爻賵乇丕賸 賵賱賲 賷賰賳 賯丕卅丿 賮賷 丕賱賲毓爻賰乇 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷 賷卮丕乇賰賴 賴匕賴 丕賱禺氐丕賱"
5- "丿丕賮毓 丌禺乇 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 毓賳 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賮賷 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 12 爻賳丞 兀禺乇賶貙 賵丨賷賳 乇丨賱賵丕 兀禺賷乇丕賸 賮賷 1301 賱賲 賷賰賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賵賳 賴賲 賲賳 胤乇丿賴賲貙 亘賱 乇丨賱賵丕 禺賵賮丕賸 賲賳 賲爻賷丨賷賷 丕賱睾乇亘 匕賱賰 兀賳賴 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賳賴丕賱 丕賱賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 噩賲丕毓鬲賴賲 亘兀爻乇賴丕"
6- "鬲毓乇囟 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 賲賳賴丕 廿賳賰丕乇賴賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨 賵賵賯賵毓賴賲 賮賷 丕賱賱賵胤賷丞 賵毓亘丕丿鬲賴賲 賱氐賳賲貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 兀賳賰乇賵賴丕 賵賲賳 兀賯乇 亘賴丕 兀賯乇 鬲丨鬲 囟睾胤 鬲毓匕賷亘 賲丨丕賰賲 丕賱鬲賮鬲賷卮
1- "賵噩丿 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷賷賳 丕賱卮乇賯賷賷賳 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 丕賱賯丿爻 賲丕賰丕賳 賲亘毓孬 丿賴卮鬲賴賲貙 兀賳 丕賱丨賰丕賲 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 賷鬲氐賮賵賳 亘丕賱毓丿賱 賮丕賱囟乇丕卅亘 兀禺賮 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 毓賱賷賴 鬲丨鬲 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞貙 賵賱賴賲 丨乇賷丞 丕賱毓亘丕丿丞"
2- "賰丕賳 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 賯丿丕爻丞 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賴賵 兀賳 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞貙 丕賱丌孬丕乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賱賱賲爻賷丨 賲賳 鬲丕噩 丕賱兀卮賵丕賰 賵睾賷乇賴"
3- 賯丕賲 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 亘賰鬲丕亘丞 賲賷孬丕賯 賷丨賰賲 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 賵賰丕賳 賲賳 囟賲賳賴 兀賱丕 賷鬲賳丕賵賱賵丕 丕賱賱丨賲 廿賱丕 3 賲乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓貙 賵亘毓丿 賵賮丕丞 兀賷 賮乇丿 賲賳賴賲 賷購胤毓賽賲賵賳 賮賯賷乇丕賸 賱賲丿丞 40 賷賵賲丕賸貙 毓丿賲 丕爻鬲賯亘丕賱 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賲噩賲賵毓丞 .. 賵賲賳 賷禺丕賱賮 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賵丕賲乇 賰丕賳 賷購毓丕賯賻亘 亘毓賯賵亘丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 丨爻亘 噩購乇賲賴 賮亘毓囟賴丕 氐睾賷乇丞 賲購匕賱賾丞 賰兀賳 賷兀賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐 胤毓丕賲賴 賲賳 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 賵氐賵賱丕賸 廿賱賶 毓賯賵亘丞 丕賱胤乇丿
4- "賰丕賳 氐賱丕丨 丕賱丿賷賳 鬲賯賷丕賸 賲毓鬲丿賱丕賸 乇丨賵賲丕賸 噩爻賵乇丕賸 賵賱賲 賷賰賳 賯丕卅丿 賮賷 丕賱賲毓爻賰乇 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷 賷卮丕乇賰賴 賴匕賴 丕賱禺氐丕賱"
5- "丿丕賮毓 丌禺乇 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 毓賳 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賮賷 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 12 爻賳丞 兀禺乇賶貙 賵丨賷賳 乇丨賱賵丕 兀禺賷乇丕賸 賮賷 1301 賱賲 賷賰賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賵賳 賴賲 賲賳 胤乇丿賴賲貙 亘賱 乇丨賱賵丕 禺賵賮丕賸 賲賳 賲爻賷丨賷賷 丕賱睾乇亘 匕賱賰 兀賳賴 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賳賴丕賱 丕賱賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 噩賲丕毓鬲賴賲 亘兀爻乇賴丕"
6- "鬲毓乇囟 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賱丕鬲賴丕賲丕鬲 賲賳賴丕 廿賳賰丕乇賴賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨 賵賵賯賵毓賴賲 賮賷 丕賱賱賵胤賷丞 賵毓亘丕丿鬲賴賲 賱氐賳賲貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 兀賳賰乇賵賴丕 賵賲賳 兀賯乇 亘賴丕 兀賯乇 鬲丨鬲 囟睾胤 鬲毓匕賷亘 賲丨丕賰賲 丕賱鬲賮鬲賷卮
February 8, 2019
噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍 賱賱賲爻賷丨 賵賲毓亘丿 爻賱賷賲丕賳 丕賱賲卮賴賵乇賵賳 亘噩賲丕毓賴 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 兀賵 丕賱賲毓亘丿 兀賵 丕賱賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱丿丕賵賷丞 賴賲 丕氐丨丕亘 丕爻賵亍 爻賲毓賴 賱丿賷 丕賱毓賯賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷 賵丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 賵匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘 丕乇鬲亘丕胤賴賲 丕賱賵孬賷賯 噩丿丕 亘丕賱丕噩鬲賷丕丨 丕賱睾乇亘賷 /丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賵丕賯毓丞 鬲丨鬲 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷丞 亘卮乇賯 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤.
丨賯賷賯丞 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賲賳 丕賱賮鬲乇丕鬲 丕賱賲賮囟賱丞 賱丿賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丕 亘噩賵丕乇 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賮鬲賳丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賱兀賳賳賷 兀乇賷 丕賳 賰賱賷賴賲丕 賴賲丕 丕賱賳賯胤鬲賷賳 丕賱賲賮氐賱賷鬲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓乇亘賷/ 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 賮賷 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞.
賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賳丕 賴匕丕 賷毓乇囟 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賳卮兀丞 賵丨賷丕丞 孬賲 賲丨丕賰賲丕鬲 賵丕賳丿孬丕乇 噩賲丕毓賴 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱鬲賷 亘丿兀鬲 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 亘爻亘毓賴 兀卮禺丕氐 賮賯胤 亘賴丿賮 丨賲丕賷丞 胤乇賯 丕賱丨噩丕噩 廿賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻 賯亘賱 丕賳 鬲鬲毓丕馗賲 賯賵鬲賴賲 亘卮賰賱 乇賴賷亘 賱賷氐亘丨賵丕 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 毓丕亘乇賴 賱丨丿賵丿 丕賱亘賱丕丿 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 賱丨丿 賰亘賷乇 噩丿丕 賵賲賱卅 亘丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱賷丞 丕賱賴丕賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀囟丕賮鬲 賱賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賵丕賳氐丨 亘賴 鬲賲丕賲丕 賱兀賷 賲賴鬲賲 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賴賵 賲毓 乇丕卅毓丞 兀賲賷賳 賲毓賱賵賮 丕賱丨乇賵賮 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賰賲丕 乇丌賴丕 丕賱毓乇亘 賷賲孬賱賵丕 兀賮囟賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 賱賵噩賴鬲賷賳 丕賱賳馗乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮鬲賷賳 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞.
丨賯賷賯丞 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賲賳 丕賱賮鬲乇丕鬲 丕賱賲賮囟賱丞 賱丿賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丕 亘噩賵丕乇 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賮鬲賳丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賱兀賳賳賷 兀乇賷 丕賳 賰賱賷賴賲丕 賴賲丕 丕賱賳賯胤鬲賷賳 丕賱賲賮氐賱賷鬲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓乇亘賷/ 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 賮賷 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞.
賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賳丕 賴匕丕 賷毓乇囟 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賳卮兀丞 賵丨賷丕丞 孬賲 賲丨丕賰賲丕鬲 賵丕賳丿孬丕乇 噩賲丕毓賴 賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 丕賱鬲賷 亘丿兀鬲 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 亘爻亘毓賴 兀卮禺丕氐 賮賯胤 亘賴丿賮 丨賲丕賷丞 胤乇賯 丕賱丨噩丕噩 廿賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻 賯亘賱 丕賳 鬲鬲毓丕馗賲 賯賵鬲賴賲 亘卮賰賱 乇賴賷亘 賱賷氐亘丨賵丕 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 毓丕亘乇賴 賱丨丿賵丿 丕賱亘賱丕丿 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 賱丨丿 賰亘賷乇 噩丿丕 賵賲賱卅 亘丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱賷丞 丕賱賴丕賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀囟丕賮鬲 賱賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賵丕賳氐丨 亘賴 鬲賲丕賲丕 賱兀賷 賲賴鬲賲 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賴賵 賲毓 乇丕卅毓丞 兀賲賷賳 賲毓賱賵賮 丕賱丨乇賵賮 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賰賲丕 乇丌賴丕 丕賱毓乇亘 賷賲孬賱賵丕 兀賮囟賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 賱賵噩賴鬲賷賳 丕賱賳馗乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮鬲賷賳 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞.
July 26, 2017
The Knights Templar by Stephen Howarth it THE most comprehensive and seemingly accurate book on the Knights Templar I have every picked up! It's a history book that reads like a fantasy novel (as with most stories of the Templar), however, Howarth has really done his homework, and I will use this book as a reference from now until the end of time on any Templar writing. While it's hard to substantiate many occurrences and tails from the the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the bibliography for The Knights Templar is extensive and includes some very credible sources. Furthermore, it's very seldom that you don't want a history book to be over, but I seriously wish that this book was double the size. Stephen Howarth is not only a thorough historian but also an amazing, and highly intellectual writer that delights and informs in his unique style.
January 5, 2019
"When they pursue the enemy they do not ask 'how many are they?', but only, 'where are they?'."
A thorough and well done historic analysis of the entire history of the templar, and the crusades.
The author does not take sides, offering in depth detail about atrocities committed by both sides over many hundreds of years, and the reasoning both sides used in each situation.
.
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The life of the templar was above all war, and commitment, while living in personal voluntary poverty. This book does a great job of going into much depth about the templar history without offering a bias in their favor. A good historical text for anyone interested in the subject.
They lived a hard life of war and principles such as never backing down from a battle unless the odds were greater than 3 to 1 against them, several times taking victory under 10 to 1 odds, and one recorded battle was over 20 to 1.
A thorough and well done historic analysis of the entire history of the templar, and the crusades.
The author does not take sides, offering in depth detail about atrocities committed by both sides over many hundreds of years, and the reasoning both sides used in each situation.
.
.
The life of the templar was above all war, and commitment, while living in personal voluntary poverty. This book does a great job of going into much depth about the templar history without offering a bias in their favor. A good historical text for anyone interested in the subject.
They lived a hard life of war and principles such as never backing down from a battle unless the odds were greater than 3 to 1 against them, several times taking victory under 10 to 1 odds, and one recorded battle was over 20 to 1.
August 24, 2019
The Knights Templar were Medieval holy warriors, soldier monks who guarded Christian pilgrims' paths to Jerusalem after it was conquered in the First Crusade (1099). They developed into an international military and financial empire; it took 200 years for the Arabs, Kurds and Turks to drive them out of Palestine, but only two years for Phillip IV of France to dissolve their network and abscond with everything he could get his hands on. It's a story that intertwines the political, military and religious history of Medieval Europe. I found it fascinating, although the story got a little bogged down in the middle with the financials, and the sheer number of characters was sometimes hard to keep track of. There's a great index and multiple ists of historical figures to keep it all straight.
March 16, 2020
IF there was ever a massive screw job (sorry Bernie) given from the church to a group within, it's the Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon or as they are commonly known: The Knights Templar. To go from the arm of the church during the crusades to the most villanized and hated group in Christian religious history in just a few short years because of the king wanted their money and to keep them away from his power play was not only terrible but irreprehensible. Hell, they even dug up the bones of the founder and other knights and burned them so people could not worship them like saints.
August 8, 2022
I really enjoyed this book. You go through the whole history of the Knights Templar to how they started out to their tragic ending. You get to see what their whole mission was really about without getting distracted about the myths and stories created over the years. You see their sacrifices and everything they fought for. You see all the challenges and obstacles they faced before, during, and after they existed. You see their impact on society during the time they were around, as well as the impact they left even to this day.
November 24, 2023
賮乇爻丕賳 丕賱賴賷賰賱 賲賳 兀賰孬乇 丕賱噩賲丕毓丕鬲 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 毓賱賶 賲乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱鬲賶 鬲賱賯賮鬲賴丕 兀賷丿賶 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷賷賳 賱鬲賳爻噩 賲賳賴丕 兀爻胤賵乇丞 賵乇賲夭 賱賱卮乇 賮賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵賳賵丕丞 賱鬲賰賵賷賳 丕賱賲丕爻賵賳賷丞
丕賱賲丐賱賮 賴賳丕 賷夭賷丨 丕賱爻鬲丕乇 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賳氐賮 毓爻賰乇賷丞 賳氐賮 乇賵丨賷丞 亘丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 賵丕賱卮賴丕丿丕鬲 賵丿賵乇賴丕 賮賶 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵丿賵乇賴丕 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賮賶 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賳賴丕賷丞 亘賲卮丕賰賱賴丕 賲毓 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 賮賷賱賷亘 賵賰賷賮 丕爻鬲胤丕毓 廿賱氐丕賯 鬲賴賲 卮賳賷毓丞 亘賴賲 賵夭噩賴賲 賮賶 丕賱爻噩賵賳 丨鬲賶 廿毓丿丕賲賴賲 賮賶 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞
賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 賲賱丕卅賰丞 賰賲丕 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 卮賷丕胤賷賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 賲賱禺氐 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賱賰賱 賲賳 兀乇丕丿 賲毓乇賮丞 丨賯賷賯丞 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賲賳 睾賷乇 鬲賴賵賷賱 賵賲亘丕賱睾丞
丕賱賲丐賱賮 賴賳丕 賷夭賷丨 丕賱爻鬲丕乇 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 丕賱賳氐賮 毓爻賰乇賷丞 賳氐賮 乇賵丨賷丞 亘丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 賵丕賱卮賴丕丿丕鬲 賵丿賵乇賴丕 賮賶 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵丿賵乇賴丕 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賮賶 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賳賴丕賷丞 亘賲卮丕賰賱賴丕 賲毓 賲賱賰 賮乇賳爻丕 賮賷賱賷亘 賵賰賷賮 丕爻鬲胤丕毓 廿賱氐丕賯 鬲賴賲 卮賳賷毓丞 亘賴賲 賵夭噩賴賲 賮賶 丕賱爻噩賵賳 丨鬲賶 廿毓丿丕賲賴賲 賮賶 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞
賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 賲賱丕卅賰丞 賰賲丕 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 卮賷丕胤賷賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 賲賱禺氐 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賱賰賱 賲賳 兀乇丕丿 賲毓乇賮丞 丨賯賷賯丞 賴匕賴 丕賱噩賲丕毓丞 賲賳 睾賷乇 鬲賴賵賷賱 賵賲亘丕賱睾丞
December 22, 2021
Very detailed history and would be a good companion if you like the various Templar novels. The second part (history of demise of order in Europe) was very clear. The first part (history in Outremer) could have used more maps and some preface about local history and politics to help sort out the parties and issues. I wound up reading a bit more on the outside about the Muslims and Jews in the Holy Land and some of it is still hazy!
January 7, 2025
What a fantastic read! I knew very little about the Templars and the crusades and this book has given me a good understanding of them both. All the way from the founding of the order to their complete and utter demise, Stephen Howarth gives us an unbiased look into the Templars and the crusades and how it wasn鈥檛 as holy as many believe but nor were the Templars are as evil as portrayed by some. This is definitely one of my favourite Non-fiction Historical books out there. 10/10
May 6, 2018
A straight forward history of the Templar knights, without any goofball Da Vinci Code theories. This was written back before a lot of revisionist history made the knights out to be the bad guys, so they are portrayed heroically. The narrative bogs down in the last 40 pages, making the telling of their demise a hard slog to get through.
October 27, 2016
Clear and surprisingly easy to read. The long list of names gets confusing now and then, as is true of most history books, but I found this author's style to be very comprehensible, which is especially important when he is writing about a topic that is often a mess of myth and mayhem.
February 7, 2021
I was hoping for a book to learn more of the inner workings of the Templar Knights. I thought this book fell short of that, and instead got too deep in the inner workings of the Kings, Sultans and Popes of those times. It also was a little hard at times to keep the cast of characters straight.
January 17, 2022
It was a really great book. Written wonderfully and densely packed with so many facts it was hard to keep track.
I feel bad rating it so lowly because the author really did an amazing job but it just wasn鈥檛 my jam. It was super dry but it was history so I鈥檓 not really sure what I expected.
I feel bad rating it so lowly because the author really did an amazing job but it just wasn鈥檛 my jam. It was super dry but it was history so I鈥檓 not really sure what I expected.
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