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Rain: A Natural and Cultural History

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Rain is elemental, mysterious, precious, destructive.

It is the subject of countless poems and paintings; the top of the weather report; the source ofthe world's water. Yet this is the first book to tell the story of rain.

Cynthia Barnett's Rain begins four billion years ago with the torrents that filled the oceans, and builds to the storms of climate change. It weaves together science—the true shape of a raindrop, the mysteries of frog and fish rains—with the human story of our ambition to control rain, from ancient rain dances to the 2,203 miles of levees that attempt to straitjacket the Mississippi River.It offers a glimpse of our "founding forecaster," Thomas Jefferson, who measured every drizzle long before modern meteorology. Two centuries later, rainy skies would help inspire Morrissey’s mopes and Kurt Cobain’s grunge.Rainis also a travelogue, taking readers to Scotland to tell the surprising story of the mackintosh raincoat, and to India, where villagers extract the scent of rain from the monsoon-drenched earth and turn it into perfume.

Now, after thousands of years spent praying for rain or worshiping it; burning witches at the stake to stop rain or sacrificing small children to bring it; mocking rain with irrigated agriculture and cities built in floodplains; even trying to blast rain out of the sky with mortars meant for war, humanity has finally managed to change the rain. Only not in ways we intended. As climate change upends rainfall patterns and unleashes increasingly severe storms and drought, Barnett shows rain to be a unifying force in a fractured world. Too much and not nearly enough, rain is a conversation we share, and this is a book for everyone who has ever experienced it.

355 pages, Hardcover

First published April 21, 2015

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12.5k people want to read

About the author

Cynthia Barnett

9books186followers
Cynthia Barnett is the author of four books including "The Sound of the Sea: Seashells and the Fate of the Oceans" (WW Norton, 2021). Her most-recent previous book, "Rain: A Natural and Cultural History" (Crown-Random House, 2015), was longlisted for the National Book Award, a finalist for the PEN/E.O. Wilson award for literary science writing, and named a best book of 2015 by NPR's Science Friday, Kirkus Reviews, the Tampa Bay Times, the Miami Herald and the Boston Globe.

The Globe has described Ms. Barnett's author persona as "part journalist, part mom, part historian, and part optimist." The Los Angeles Times writes that she "takes us back to the origins of our water in much the same way, with much the same vividness and compassion as Michael Pollan led us from our kitchens to potato fields and feed lots of modern agribusiness."

Ms. Barnett is also the author of "Blue Revolution: Unmaking America's Water Crisis" and "Mirage: Florida and the Vanishing Water of the Eastern U.S." She lives with her family in Gainesville, Florida, where she also teaches journalism at the University of Florida.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 406 reviews
Profile Image for Alan.
122 reviews
March 23, 2015
I had a professor in grad school who once asked, "Why are there so few good books on the weather?" Finally, here's a good book on the weather - all about rain, just enough, too much, too little, and how rain affects human civilization, culture, and survival.

The writing is crisp and engaging. The stories are compelling and interesting.

Many of the historic effects of rain or lack thereof are presented through the experiences of real people and events. You will learn about the initial disdain of the English for the umbrella and then their love affair with them, why you hardly ever see traditional bamboo and paper umbrellas in Japan any more, efforts to produce wearable truly waterproof clothing, westward expansion across the American Great Plains during a time of moisture and misplaced faith in the fact that the human activity of breaking sod brings rain only to be dashed by the Dust Bowl, and on and on and on. I was particularly interested in the episodes where human understanding of rain shifted from mystical water diviners to charlatans who readily took people's money to produce rain (or not) and the negative impact of these people on developing atmospheric science.

In this book you will also read about the impact of climate and weather on contributions to human culture, music, literature, art, e.g., why "The Smiths" music feels the way it does. This is really cool stuff!

Finally, a really good book about the weather with something for pretty much everyone.

5 stars.
Profile Image for Juliette.
395 reviews1 follower
May 21, 2015
I am the target audience for this book. I've sat in the rain at Arthur Ashe stadium for two days in a row, and I did this for two U.S. Open tournaments. I am a gardener who doesn't use chemical fertilizers, herbicides, or even the garden hose. I am a baker who knows that meringues are puffier on dry days. I have curly hair that blossoms into a cloud at the first hint of mist, and there still isn't a rainy day that I don't raise my face to the sky to catch the drops.
And yet . . . and yet . . . this book bored me. It's a potpourri of rain facts. Barnett begins with the formation of the Earth, which was interesting. Then she briefly touches on different cultures' associations on rain -- about a paragraph for each culture's story about the rain. Then there's a long chapter that's really product placement for Mackintosh raincoats. Then there's a chapter on rain in literature that's filled with conclusory statements. (What, exactly, were Emily Dickinson's "best" poems? Who chose them?) There's just too much going on, and this half read like a stream of consciousness.
Barnett really hits her stride when she starts detailing the effects of climate change. The book would have been better if she'd focused on the importance of unpolluted rain (rather than stories about rain) and the devastation of polluted rainwater and the changes in rainfall patterns globally.
Profile Image for Jaylia3.
752 reviews149 followers
August 27, 2016
Rain: A Natural History weaves together planetary science, geology, early earth history, meteorology, human history, cultural studies, travel stories, and even poetry into an entertaining and fascinating account of rain and our relationship to it. The book is beautifully written--vivid, sometimes humorous, and almost poetic without being flowery. It’s easy to fall under its spell. I especially enjoyed all the history and the sections on how depictions or evocations of rain have enhanced various works of literature, music, painting, and movies.

I received a complimentary copy of this book from the publisher through LibraryThing. Review opinions are mine.
Profile Image for Emily.
108 reviews
March 3, 2015
I received an advance copy of this book from the publisher, and I must admit I was a little wary at first--how interesting can you make rain?

Very interesting, it turns out. First of all, the book is beautifully written. It is lyrical without being silly or overwrought, and the huge range of topics covered flow easily and smoothly from one to the next without feeling rushed or rambling.

As for the substance of the book, I feel that Barnett has written rain's definitive biography. She explores how rain has shaped religion, culture, fashion, law, art, music, and anything else you could think of. It would be easy for this book to be boring, but there is always something new around the corner and the people are fascinating and sometimes funny. Her treatment of climate change is brilliantly done as well--not too heavy-handed and undeniably convincing. I couldn't stop reading parts of it out loud to whoever happened to be around at the time.

This is definitely one that I'll be telling people to read for awhile.
Profile Image for Melora.
576 reviews163 followers
May 12, 2016
This could be a dry subject (ha ha!) but Barnett's wide scope and engaging storytelling bring the wonder, mystery, and profound importance of of this seemingly ordinary phenomenon to life. Considering rain from the perspective of history, science, music, literature, politics, etc., Barnett explores her subject through the stories of a farmer on the Great Plains, TV weathermen, raincoat makers, an anthropologist exploring ancient Mesopotamia, a king convinced that witches are thwarting his efforts to bring his bride across a stormy sea, a patent lawyer heading a project to blast rain out of the sky with siege guns left over from the Civil War, a shyster traveling the country with a mysterious chemical brew “guaranteed� to draw rain, a whole series of writers who are inspired by and who use rain in their works, movie makers, Indian fragrance manufacturers using techniques thousands of years old to capture the scent of rain, an ichthyologist at the American Museum of Natural History collecting stories of fish and frog rains, engineers struggling to restore the South Florida water system, climate scientists creating models to predict and plan for extreme weather events, a visit to a village in India which may be losing its claim to be the “wettest place on earth,� and many, many more.

The variety of angles on rain maintains the subject's appeal, and Barnett avoids bogging down in scientific complexities (her two earlier, award winning books, and , are on water systems issues � she definitely knows her stuff) but clearly conveys the essence of the problems she is describing. Her sentences occasionally become a bit circuitous, but for the most part her writing is clear and lively. I enjoyed this very much � as a displaced and homesick Floridian I found the sections on my home state particularly interesting � and give it 4 1/2 stars, rounding up to 5.
Profile Image for Stven.
1,405 reviews26 followers
October 24, 2019
I love the subject and I hate to abandon this book but I cannot abide the author's style. Everything is an overwrought metaphor, a lame cultural reference, or an outright cliché. Furthermore, there is no apparent organization of the material. One idea follows another in "Oh -- here's another interesting thing!" fashion. I gave the book its eighth chance and am bailing irrevocably after a mere 35 pages because I don't want to finish a sentence that begins "Think Indiana Jones"
Profile Image for Laura Harrison.
1,155 reviews128 followers
February 10, 2015
I just love books like this. Truly a fascinating topic when you think about it. Rain really plays such a huge part of so many aspects of our lives. Beautiful and well researched book. I enjoyed it so very much. I think I may actually reread it then gift it to another rain lover :)
Profile Image for Ken.
Author3 books1,153 followers
March 7, 2015
Talk about broad! Talk about abstract and literal at once! The subject is "rain" and the slant (if you can call it that) is its "natural and cultural history." With such a huge topic, Cynthia Barnett has her work cut out for her and, overall, she pulls it off with aplomb. Yes, this could have been an encyclopedic-style book, but Barnett has a way with words and instead steers toward story. Well, stories. Multiple.

The problem with such Herculean tasks as this is deciding what to write about. Rain is one big (and leaking) tent. Where to begin? Where to go? It's like herding cats (and dogs, to coin an idiom mentioned in this book). Barnett starts, logically enough, with the earth's beginnings, with comparisons to both Mars and Venus, to water's role in these planets' evolutions. From there she moves to early civilizations, how they dealt with too much and too little rain. Reining in rain, no easy task, has been high on man's to-do list for centuries. Some civilizations (the ancient Assyrians, for one, and then the Romans and the Byzantines) were better at it than others.

If there's a small negative to the book, it's the choices that the author is forced to make. What should she include? Leave out? Discuss at length? Mention briefly? With decisions like that, she's bound to please some readers and disappoint others. She dwells on "rainmakers," for one -- the quacks and charlatans who made money by fooling people into thinking they could call on the rain and bring it down for farmers and others -- at a price.. Some used ordnance (explosions in the sky = rain, as was believed by many a Civil War veteran, including Joshua Chamberlain of the 20th Maine). Others used chemical soups that would emit all matter of highly-visible gases floating to the heavens. But all depended on coincidence and "rainy seasons" to bail them out. To me, this got a little old fast, but Barnett covered more than one such character.

Then, in the "Writers on the Storm" section, Barnett gets into writers, composers, artists, who all tapped into rain for their material. To me this was more fascinating, and I could have read another hundred pages on it, but Barnett moves on sooner rather than later. It was not surprising to learn, however, that "bad" weather induces higher artistic output -- that is, many famous writers got more work done when living in a rainy climate vs. a sunny one. Being cooped up? Yes, but the mood, too. Rain has its wiles and will not be denied.

Among other topics touched on are scents of rain, how the U.S. is enamored with "rain scents" in many cleaning products while the Europeans (esp. Irish and English) prefer "sun-fresh" products, Thomas Jefferson (who foolishly built Monticello on a hill, far from the river and more easily-tapped water supplies), strange rains (frogs, eels, mud, etc., falling from the skies), and the high electrocution rates of church bell ringers before folks figured out that water plus high places during thunderstorms equaled shocking finishes.

Overall, highly entertaining, if jumpy and uneven in spots. Given the task taken on (rain's "natural and cultural history"), Barnett more than held her own. Holds up to "front to back" reading or to leisurely dipping while reading other books.
Profile Image for Kristi Richardson.
719 reviews34 followers
March 18, 2015
Into each life some rain must fall,
Some days must by dark and dreary,
Be still, sad heart, and cease repining;
Behind the clouds is the sun still shining.
Longfellow


I was gifted this book through the first reads program at ŷ. I love the rain and the color green. That is why I live in the Pacific Northwest. What did this book teach me?

I didn't know what I didn't know about rain but it seems it was a huge amount of information. I learned about the ancient peoples dependence on weather for their crops and drinking water. I learned about the first weather forecasters and Daniel Defoe's obsession with collecting rain water numbers.

I learned about the first attempts at creating rain by blasting the skies because during the Civil War soldiers observed the rain after a battle. I read about rainmakers and how they conned people and cities and governments into paying them huge amounts of money for rain that the probabilities were on the conman's side.

Ms. Barnett tells us of the literary role rain has in books, poems and movies. Charles Dickens wrote about the rain a lot because he lived during the Little Ice Age where it rained an enormous amount. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was written in the year with no summer. Author's state that the rain helps them write because nice weather is too distracting.

I learned about the political consequences of rain legislation and the results if no action is taken to halt the climates change. This book is well researched and their are numerous pages of notes in the back.

Most of all I remembered why I love rain so much and why we on Earth need it so as to not become Venus in the future.
Profile Image for Dov Zeller.
Author2 books123 followers
June 23, 2016
This book has a lot of great, interesting information about drought, flood, rivers and their natural cycles, landscape, cities and rain, agriculture and rain, the making of raincoats and umbrellas, attempts to use weather in warfare. At times I was frustrated with the jumpy movement from one thing to another and because of that I am between a 3 and a 4 review-wise. There didn't seem to be a clear or meaningful structure in place. But I did enjoy what I learned from it and also left it feeling quite distressed about the acidification of oceans and other bodies of water and rain, too. That is a kind of distress that is important and worth feeling and the phenomenon worth understanding a bit better. There are endless ways the subjects in here could be approached and I hope another similarly themed book is written soon, and perhaps focuses more on ecosystemic weather patterns and phenomenon and less on umbrellas and raincoats.
Profile Image for Anness.
111 reviews44 followers
January 17, 2019
ใครที่หลงรักฟ้าอากาศ น่าจะอินกับเล่มนี้เป็นอย่างมา�
ประวัติศาสตร์หยาึϸȨสมผสานทั้งความจริงตามหลักวิทยาศาสตร์
และความงึϸามทางจินตนาการของหยดȨำบȨากฟ้านี้มาให้อย่างกลมกล่อม
แถมแปลดีด้วย อ่านแล้วไม่ติดขัดเลย

แม้ว่าจะเบสออนที่ยุโรปเป็นหลั� เน้นหนักที่อเมริกาเพราะผู้เขียนอาศัยที่นั่น
และมีบางบทที่ดูเย่Ȩย้อยาว๶กิȨวามจำเป็Ȩปบ้า�
แต่การที่เธอข้ามน้ำข้ามทะเลมาที่อินเดี� เพื่อศึกษาถึงน้ำหอมกลิ่นฝ�
และต้องการซึมซับบรรยากาศ๶มืองที่ฝȨกเยอะมากที่สุดในโล�
ก็ทำให้เราพอจะรู้ว่า๶ธอชอบฝȨากแค่ไหน

โดยรวมค่อนข้างชอบทีเดียว แอบมีภาษาวรรณกรรมเยอะอยู่นะเวลาเปรียบเทียบ
แล้วแต่คนชอบตรงนี้เลย เพราะเราโอเคกันการใช้ทำนองนี้อยู่แล้ว
ไม่อย่างนั้น ถ้าความสวยงามทางวรรณศิลป์หายไป
การเขียนแบบนี้อาจน่า๶บื่อ๶พราะอัึϹȨȨปด้วยྺ้อมูลก็เป็ȨึϹ

Ȩ่ไปเปิึϸูทูปึϸ๶ฮอริ๶คนที่ฟลอริึϹาตาม
พร้อมเปิดเพลงว� the smiths ร่วมด้วยเลย
Profile Image for muthuvel.
256 reviews145 followers
November 23, 2016
It's one of the magical books I've encountered since a long time. Romance upon Rain. An Enriching work by the author.




Cruising the Americas, Western Europe and Indian subcontinent more often, it Covers cultural history of various civilizations BCEs and their rituals, history of rain articles and weather forecasting, geography and little science of planetary rainfall and speculations on climate change, flood warnings with the upcoming frontiers.

"What's for dinner?" - Wilderness.
Profile Image for Bookworm.
2,216 reviews89 followers
May 15, 2015
Another book that was not what I thought it would be. Given the current drought crisis in California, I was curious to see what was the history of rain. I love listening to the rain (real or on a white noise smartphone app), I love reading books inside while it's raining outside, I love coming inside and peeling off my wet clothes into warm dry ones, where I can enjoy the rain in warmth. :)

So when I saw this book I thought it looked like a great pick up. Unfortunately, not so much. The author takes us through a little bit of the science of how rain occurs. Then the rest of the book is what role rain plays in history, rather than the "natural and cultural history" of rain. From how the Romans collected rain to the attempts of a Union soldier trying to settle a farm post-Civil War to how weather forecasting developed over time, etc. rain obviously plays a very important roles in history, but this book isn't actually about the rain.

I must agree with other negative reviews that say the text is trying too hard to be poetic. There are some really interesting stories, topics and anecdotes here, but I couldn't help but feel the author tried much too hard to make it flowery and lyrical.

It seems like it's trying to be far too much all at once: a little science, a little cultural impact (music and literature), its role in weather forecasting, how we capture water for farming and other needs, etc. I wish it had stuck with ONE topic and stuck with it. As it is, I found it hard to stay interested as the author would soon go off on another tangent about another topic and then come back, or stay with one subject for an entire chapter.

I really wanted to like it, but overall it doesn't live up to the hype. Might be cool for weather forecasting fans and the like. But as a casual reader, I can't recommend it.
Profile Image for RKanimalkingdom.
525 reviews72 followers
April 1, 2017
Not a bad book.
It was supple like rain. :)

The writing flowed easily and blended from one topic to the next with great ease.
The author I could tell had a soft kind voice filled with wisdom. This book literal read like rain which
I think is the highest compliment to this author.
Her fascination of rain blew my mind. I love rain. I love rainy weather. I love listening to rain. I love reading books near an open window on a rainy day. But this was nothing to how fascinated people are with rain.
Barnett covers cultural significance to discoveries made in hydrology. I learned some nifty things.
For ex, did you know that the Nimbus 2000 from HP; the word nimbus comes from the Latin word for cloud!?
Another interesting thing, the actual inventor of the windshield wiper was Mary Anderson NOT Henry Ford. In fact, Mary started the idea and even set out to patent it but it expired before she could get it done. Then another women named Charlotte Bridgwood who was the president of the Bridgwood Manufacturing Company came up with the same idea but her patent also expired. Finally, comes Henry Ford who took her idea and never acknowledged her nor Mary Anderson.

There were some real sad stories like the one about a farmer name Uriah and his devastating life story. There were some interesting ones on how a brand named Macintosh that started in Scotland became insanely popular in Japan. There were stories on how the umbrella came to be and what other cultures saw the umbrella. Stories on how plagues, disease, pandemics came to be due to the rainy conditions

Overall, it's an interesting book on how rain affects us so much and how climate change spells disaster for us.

The one downside was that there were some real boring parts. I was bored out of my mind reading those parts.
Profile Image for Marjolein (UrlPhantomhive).
2,497 reviews55 followers
September 13, 2015
3.5 Stars

Read all my reviews on

Why ever did I decide to read a book about rain? It's not as if there isn't enough rain already where I live (although there's said to be extreme drought in my region compared to other years, I've seemed to have failed to notice this change). However, it turned out to be a very good decision since it was a very interesting take on not only rain in its many forms but many aspects of culture as well.

Human civilization has been inseparable from rain, as is also suggested in the first chapters, where drought is given as a possible but likely reason for the ending of early civilizations. And indeed, have humans not tried since these early times to manipulate the weather, by appeasing Gods or changing the routes of rivers? (The chapter on the weather magician is particularly interesting). But there are also chapters on raincoats, traditional Japanese umbrellas and many more things. Or how about rain in music?

Since the books focusses on so many different aspects that are connected to rain (this is much more than a simple guide on how rain develops; although I might have liked to read a bit more about weather science) I believe it will have something that interests everyone. It's only logical that some pieces interested me more than others, but none of the chapters were too long, so this didn't bother me. Near the end of the book I did feel like the connection to the rain topic became a little bit less clear, but I still enjoyed it. An interesting read and definitely a natural and cultural history of rain!

Thanks to Blogging for Books for providing me with a free copy of this book in exchange for an honest review!
Profile Image for Jamie Burgess.
125 reviews19 followers
March 10, 2015
I really loved this book, and reading it made me feel at once like I was learning so much and seeing articulated ideas that I have known all my life. Rain is ubiquitous even to the point of being mundane, yet when Barnett explains how it has shaped civilization from the beginning of human existence, I realized how important it is. When thinking about environmental issues, as we often do around here, this book brings to light the human dependence upon rain and just how crucial and vital it is (and not just so we can have snow on the mountain for skiing, although that is important too!) I don’t think there has ever been a book such as this—perhaps anthropologists have studied the meaning of rain in different cultures but never in comparison with one another and all at once, and at times it felt like Barnett was trying to say everything at the same time, like she had learned so many interesting facts and was so eager to share that it all came out in one breath. But otherwise, for non-fiction it read fluently and well, and Barnett is a good writer who could make the content interesting and draw connections for the reader that you might not otherwise see. This is what I think makes for good nonfiction.
Profile Image for Mook.
142 reviews53 followers
September 16, 2020
นับเป็นเวลาหลายร้อยปีแล้วที่มนุษย์พยายามจะเอาชน� 'ฝน' ด้วยวิธีการแปลกประหลาดต่าง � นานา � เราชอบบ� 'นักเขียนกับพาย�' เพราะสนุกกับหลายเรื่องที่บอกเล่าว่าฝนมีอิทธิพลอย่างไรบ้างต่อจิตใจมนุษย์ และเราก็เห็นด้วยอย่างยิ่งว่� 'ความคิดสร้างสรรค์ต้องการฤดูแห่งความสิ้นหวั�' 👍🏻
Profile Image for David Dinaburg.
315 reviews56 followers
September 7, 2015
In learning, you don’t usually find what you want; it is much better to want what you find. Take the story of mauve: the color was created while looking for an artificial malaria drug. It was the first wholly created color dye and ushered in a new age of synthetic fashion. The inventor ran with it, sinking his entire family’s fortune into a mauve-dying factory, and made a mint. Mauve didn’t fight malaria though, so if William Perkin—the creator—wasn’t adaptable it might have landed in the scrapheap of history.

Rain: A Natural and Cultural History is best enjoyed the same way, by letting the narrative take you where it goes. That the cover is gorgeous—simple, iconic, inviting—doesn’t hurt; I would listen to a stranger that pretty talk about basically anything. If, upon seeing Rain on the shelf or as a search-algorithm result, your curiosity isn’t piqued by how the author is going to fill the three-hundred-odd pages with stories of rain, then maybe some randomly selected excerpts will draw you in:
The science-hostile skeptics of human-caused climate change point to past swings in climate as proof that today’s warming is part of a natural cycle. Every major scientific society and 97 percent of the world’s climate scientists say otherwise in their consensus that human greenhouse gas emissions are to blame for the current warming. The culture-killing drought of 4,000 years ago has been linked to a centuries-long failure of the Asian monsoon. Causes of other extreme climate events are better understood, such as the volcanic eruptions that marked the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the warming of the past century is not natural in origin; humans have become a dominant force.

To be sure, prior to modern industry and the emissions associated with it, people in the distant past suffered devastating climatic shift. Given what we’ve learned about the lost cultures and the tragic times, it hardly seems advisable to plunge headlong into repeating them.
That is both topical and relevant to precipitation: Levelheaded, relatable, and well-informed! An excellent excerpt selection, if I do say so myself. But perhaps you want something a bit more...exciting? Okay, try this one:
The U.S. military made its first large-scale attempt to unleash rain as a weapon during the Vietnam War. Beginning with trials in 1966, and continuing every rainy season until July 1972, “Project Popeye� dropped nearly fifty thousand loads of silver iodide or lead iodide in the clouds over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to induce heavy rains. The idea was to flood out roads, cause landslides, and make transportation as difficult as possible well beyond monsoon season—essentially, to keep the Ho Chi Minh Trail a muddy mess and foil North Vietnam’s ability to move supplies and personnel.

..The House and Senate ultimately adopted anti-weather-warfare resolutions. In 1977, the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations ratified a UN treaty prohibiting military “or any other hostile use� of environmental-modification techniques.
I will admit, I did not see that coming. As a reader, you’re in for many, many more exciting tidbits and, as my dad would say, fascinating bon mots—and he has said, because he also picked up Rain independently from, and prior to, my reading.

Don’t blind yourself to only finding artificial quinine; instead, let the wonderful storytelling sell you something new and different—maybe in mauve?
Profile Image for Susan (aka Just My Op).
1,126 reviews58 followers
May 11, 2015
Who would have thought that a nonfiction book about rain could manage to maintain my interest throughout its almost-300 pages? This one certainly did, but then it is about much more than “just� rain.

It began with a lovely quote from Ray Bradbury, but the author's own words were quite wonderful too. It is obvious that she developed a great love and respect for the subject, that it became close to her heart.

The story covers rain and its relatives over the history of time, how it has and does affect us physically, culturally, politically. It explains in a very clear way why what we used to call global warming but now more commonly call climate change can make the wet areas wetter and the dry areas drier, the cold colder and the hot hotter.

The prognosis is not good. The prognosis is frightening.

Some of it I knew, like Rick Perry's solution:

“At Texas A&M University, the atmospheric scientists said global warming was making the hellish conditions worse. The governor of Texas, Rick Perry, was skeptical of the professors. But he could sink his black-leather boots into prayer. Perry called upon his fellow Texans to join him in three days' prayer for rain.�

Congress has not been our friend in solving the issues:

“In recent years, Congress has resembled the rainmaking 1890s more than the emissions-lowering 1990s � ears open to the influential uninformed rather than its own scientists. U.S. Senator John Inhofe of Oklahoma, perhaps the most prominent national opponent of meaningful legislation to reduce fossil-fuel emissions, has said that humans cannot possibly control the climate because only God can do that.� I am not as kind as the author � these people are not uninformed, they just choose to not believe the evidence they are given.

Still, this book is about rain, too much, too little, and its affects. Its about culture around the world shaped by rain. It is not foremost a political book. It's about witchcraft and rainmakers, evolution and plagues. For a book about rain, it has an amazingly wide and interesting scope.

Our decisions about trying to control rain and its effects have devastating consequences. Writing of southern California, the author states, “Now, imported water from the Sierra to the north and the Colorado River convinced the region to divert all its rain to sea and rely on someone else's.�

“An estimated 85 percent of Los Angeles in urbanized, 65 percent of it paved over � sealed by impervious surfaces. Every subdivision and shopping mall, parking lot and pancake house prevents rain from soaking back into the ground. The rain that used to find its natural course to the aquifer or sea is now channeled, given a new name - “stormwater�- and poisoned as it rushes over dirty streets and down gutters.�

This book caused me to Google several of the things the author mentioned. If you have never heard of the Double Decker Tree Bridge, it is well worth searching for images.

While I wanted to learn more about the subject of rain and weather, I was afraid this book would be dry, no pun intended. It was not. It was fascinating but more frightening than a Stephen King novel.

I was given an advance reader's edition of this book for review. The quotes may have changed in the published edition.
Profile Image for Charlene.
875 reviews665 followers
March 30, 2016
I love the idea of capturing the history of rain in a book. Barnett will show you how rain related to the burning of witches, the invention of umbrellas and raincoats, and how it affects poets and songwriters. She details how the devastating effects of too much or too little rain paved the way for charlatans, whose extortions were far more severe that I thought.

When I bought this book, I had hoped it would include a lot more about the scientific history of rain. Barnett began the book with how rain came to fill the crevices of Earth. I had hoped I would read more details about that as well as hear the delicious science behind flooding, the dustbowl, and other weather related phenomenon. I love the water cycle. It's magical. So, even though the title Rain: A Natural and Cultural History is taken, I really really hope someone writes a book called Rain: A Natural History that focuses more on the science behind rain, especially how it relates to ecology. There is a wonderful lecture series called the Ecological Planet by John Kricher that will make you fall in love with the science of rain.

That is not to say I didn't enjoy the cultural history in this book. It was great. But I needed more of the natural part to really love it.
Profile Image for Blue.
1,186 reviews55 followers
February 26, 2015
Rain: A Natural and Cultural History is a great piece of research about the past, present, and future of the relationship between humans and this unpredictable part of the weather sphere. Barnett introduces the known scientific facts and popular (and sometimes unpopular) opinions about the notorious precipitation stretching from millions of years ago to the near future. A good blend of the personal and cultural with scientific and historical gives the book a well rounded feel; there is something for everyone in these pages. I especially enjoyed the chapters about rain prediction and weather forecasting and the Scent of Rain chapter (due to my personal interest in perfume). The chapter about rain in literature was also highly interesting, and I am now able to understand my urge to write more as the winter sets in!

Recommended for those who like perfume, history of quackery, Captain Fitzroy, and history of religion.

Thanks to the publisher and LibraryThing for an ARC in exchange of my honest review.
Profile Image for Kelly Kittel.
Author2 books61 followers
March 17, 2016
“Into each life some rain must fall; Some days must be dark and dreary.� So wrote Henry Wadsworth Longfellow way back in the 1800’s, who, I just learned, hailed from my mom’s home state of Maine. Indeed, as this book reminds, the history of our planet is linked inextricably to rain and by reading it, you will be much better informed about precipitation, which both giveth life and taketh it away. It also reminds us that we used to be much, much more vulnerable to the weather, in whatever form it took, and even though we give it a great deal of lip service today, we are much, much more impervious, Goretex and all.

An extensively wet period of geological time is called a pluvial, and in case you’re cursing your own rainy afternoon, it might give you pause to remember that our planet has seen times when rain has fallen for hundreds or even thousands of years on end. Reading Your Inner Fish last had me examining my fingers and hands with wonder and, likewise, this book had me soaking in a tub and doing the same thing. Why? So I could check out the wrinkles on my fingers. Consider this backstory: before we split from primates, our ancestors lived some 10 million years ago during pluvial times in the rain forests of East Africa. Fast forward to 2008 when neurobiologist Mark Changizi found a surgical paper from the 1930’s documenting that patients with arm nerve damage don’t get any wet wrinkles on their fingers.

You’ve probably never paid them much mind, but contrary to popular belief, these finger furrows are not simply a side effect of water, they’re the work of the autonomic nervous system. Other primates get them too and, yes, they’re an adaptation to rain. Like tire treads, these are rain treads! Cool, eh? They helped us to literally hang in there when the weather was wet and we lived in trees and spent a lot more of our days outdoors, as in all of it. Even cooler is that, when magnified, our finger wrinkles look like the drainage channels you’ve seen from aerial views of river basins and the like. Or at the beach when the tide recedes. The furrows flow downward, draining the water from our grip. They’re pliable and if you push on them, water should emerge. And they’re found nowhere else on our bodies. Pretty cool stuff in a book that’s filled to overflowing with all kinds of thought-provoking things.

Like Cloud Nine. Everyone knows the phrase used to describe how great you’re feeling on, say, a day when there’s no rain. But here’s the origin. In 1896, the world’s top meteorologists gathered in Paris for the “year of the cloud�, which sounds suspiciously like a trumped-up excuse to visit the City of Light. There, in addition to dining on delicious food accompanied by expertly paired wine, they managed to agree upon a numbered system of ten cloud types. Called the International Cloud Atlas (remember that book? and movie?), it’s still the official guide for identifying clouds. As every fourth grader learns, the King of clouds is the towering cumulonimbus and just hazard a guess as to which number it is in the atlas? Yes, it’s cloud number nine. In the second edition of the atlas, however, they shifted the mighty cumulonimbus to number ten. The book doesn’t say if that cloudy decision also happened in Paris, but I suspect it wasn’t a sober one. Still, the expression remains. Only a select few would get it if you said you felt like you were on Cloud Ten but I might just give it a go.

Fun fact: wind is measured from which direction it blows; ocean currents towards which direction they flow. I made that mnemonic up but you can use it.

My favorite chapter in Rain was Chapter Nine, like the cloud. Called “Writers on the Storm�, it reminds us that when we describe rainstorms as being Shakespearean in size (which we do, right?) it’s because The Bard of Avon, himself, lived in England during a pluvial era. If you’re like my daughter, Bella, you love umbrellas and by this time in the book you’ll have learned all about our many inventions for keeping the rain off our hands, feet, and heads. But what this chapter also reminds, is that besides making us wet and furrowed, rain creates a mood that inspires both melody and verse. Rain is the reason so many rock bands came out of England and rain could be the harbinger of grunge since Kurt Cobain hailed from rainy Aberdeen, WA where he penned a song thanks to the weather. Indeed, when you stop to consider, you realize that not many of our great authors hailed from our world’s sunnier climates. Why sit inside writing all day when you can get out and enjoy the sun?! It reminds me of when my mom visited us in Costa Rica and said, “I don’t think I’d like living here, it’s hard to be motivated in this heat.� Or in Jamaica where the politicians often accused their constituents of being lazy, characterized as “they just want to sit under the mango tree all day.�

The author recounts artist after artist who was, indeed, shaped by the weather. This includes a lovely story about Isak Dinesen from Out of Africa when she was harvesting maize with her young Swahili laborers, a tedious task, and began rhyming words to pass the time. After this, the boys would ask of her, “Speak again. Speak like rain.� It is thought that one of my own favorite poets, Emily Dickinson, suffered here in New England from SAD, which I’m sure you know is Seasonal Affective Disorder. She cranked out more poems in spring and summer but her best work came from fall and winter. Dark days, indeed, can provide poetic inspiration. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein during the last Little Ice Age in a stretch of freezing rain that was the summer of 1816 in Geneva. On a much smaller magnitude of scale, I, myself, finally relented and joined Facebook during the summer of 2009 in the woods of Maine when every day brought rain and more rain. It’s always fun to be reading a book and come across a friend or acquaintance which happened for me on page 203 when the author mentions Jennie Shortridge, who says it took her seven years to write her first novel in relatively rain free Denver, after which she moved to gray Seattle and wrote the next novel in a mere 15 months and now writes a book every two years, saying, “The dark and chill keeps me at my desk.� Indeed, I might agree, sitting here typing in my basement on a rainy day.

I also enjoyed Chapter 10, "The Scent of Rain", learning the new word, geosmin, which is the familiar musty odor that rises from streets and storm ponds during a deluge. A by-product of bacteria, geosmin also gives beets their earthy flavor and for me denotes the smell and taste of our terrible tap water in summer. Helen Keller said that smell preserves the strongest memories and I think we all agree. Rain, itself, picks up odors from all of the molecules it meets on its journey, rendering the smell of city rain different from a country or ocean rain. The author travels to Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh, India, where we learn a wave of new words. She goes in search of the bottled fragrance called mitti ka attar, which is the smell of the first rain on the ground rain. This is extracted from clay disks called khapra, which are left out in the first monsoon rains. Also called Petrichor, it’s the scent brought on by rain. After an ancient and extensive process, this mitti is poured into a special leather bottle called a kuppi, which is VIP as any other kind of container will ruin it. And lest you’re feeling old, these are the same vessels from the fairy tales of Ali Baba. I’ve always thought I missed my calling working as a nose in Paris, not knowing until this book about this village in India. Here a man named Shukla, who is the village Super Smeller, says of mitti, “It is the smell of India.�

And if you’re still with me, here’s my final fun topic—Frogs. No book about rain that’s worth its salt can successfully conclude without mentioning these rain-loving critters. In the chapter entitled “Strange Rains�, the author sanguinely reminds us that frogs are the very symbol of rain for many Native American tribes who, like many cultures, believe that frogs call the rain. Frogs are considered to be bioindicators, meaning their well-being reflects that of the environment, and because they require both land and aquatic habitat (amphibians, right?) plus have permeable skin that easily absorbs toxins, frogs are faithful signals of ecological havoc.

A man named Charles Fort, for whom the Fortean Society of the supernatural is named, said, “You can judge a society by the health of its frogs.� Indeed, frogs have survived for past 250 million years but today they are disappearing from rain puddles everywhere. Nearly 200 frog species have vanished since 1980 and more than a third of all surviving amphibians are now threatened with extinction as part of a larger catastrophe that scientists are calling the world’s sixth mass extinction. Which is happening right outside your door, folks. Our froggy little rain-loving bioindicators are definitely trying to tell us something, one way or another. As John Fogerty wrote and sang after watching everyone dance naked in the rain at Woodstock, “and I wonder, still I wonder, who’ll stop the rain?� Like him, I, too, wonder, and I wanna know, “Have you ever seen the rain?� Even if you think you have, Rain will have you looking at it in a whole new light.
Profile Image for Crystal.
370 reviews13 followers
June 21, 2021
3.5 stars, rounded up
Non-fiction about the history of, culture surrounding and science pertaining to rain. Yup, it's exactly what you would expect from the title. Like most microhistories, there are some sections that are only tangentially associated with the topic at hand but overall it's what it should be.

Barnett discusses in Part I how our lives are possible because of rain (or, more precisely, the entire water cycle) then goes on to discuss our superstitions, documentation, obsessions and understanding of rain, bodies of water and weather. There is a section devoted to rain and water in the US. She discusses in Part IV how we have attempted to harness or capture or change the available water in some areas. She has a couple of interesting things to say (I discuss this below), then she wraps it up by discussing climate change.

I rated this highly because it is informative, well-researched, fairly well documented and well written. It's missing 1(.5) stars because I didn't enjoy how long some of the tangents were and it started to drag in some sections. While I can definitely accept that this is a natural expansion of the topic, I would have liked her to stay with 'rain' specifically and not stray so much into generally talking about 'water.'

I had learned a long time about about freak rain occurrences like frogs and red rain and spiders but I had forgotten that information somewhere along the way. Reading about these incidents was interesting.
I really enjoyed reading about the literary and pop-culture references to rain...maybe because I love reading or maybe because I love when things I'm reading about are tied to the real world. I also really enjoyed reading about perfume making and definitely didn't expect to get that lesson from this book.

Who should read this book? Anyone who is intrigued by the title should find the book suiting its name. You should really want to learn about rain or really want to learn something. This is an easy enough read as far as reading level but because it's kind of dry it's not for those who rarely venture into non-fic territory. You don't need an encyclopedia nearby but you won't want to be nearing your bedtime either.

"A Bradbury rain could set a gentle scene or a creepy one. IT could create moods of gloom, mania, or joy. In his short story "The Long Rain," he made rain a character all its own."

"What's exceptional about our blue marble is not that we had water, it's that we held on to it, and that we still do. While the ancient oceans of Venus and Mars vaporized into space, Earth kept its life-giving water. Luckily for us, the forecast called for rain."

"Remember that water vapor is a greenhouse gas--more potent than carbon dioxide or any other. The more that built up in the Venusian atmosphere with no rain, the hotter the planet became."

"Who, after all, dreams of dancing in the dust? Or kissing in the bright sun?"

"Amid the worst drought in California history, the enormous concrete storm gutters of Los Angeles still shunt an estimated 520,000 acre-feet of rainfall to the Pacific Ocean each year--enough to supply water to half a million families."

"...climate is all the clothes in our closet, weather the outfit that we wear on a particular day."

"All good architecture leaks."

"Along the Mississippi, in the third-largest river basin in the world, the same federal government that doled out 160-acre homestead plots to small farmers in a land too dry for corn build levees promised to withstand floodwaters in a land too wet for cities or cotton."

712 reviews1 follower
July 11, 2020
I really liked Barnett's beautiful prose explaining the nature of rain in its many aspects. She delves into the many attempts to create rain through artificial means, many of which, surprisingly, still go on today in the US and other nations. She also gives wonderful descriptions of how rain interacts with people; of particular beauty is her chapter on perfume-making villages in India, which for centuries have captured the scent of fresh-fallen rain in natural attars.
Profile Image for Greyworld.
26 reviews
April 15, 2019
ซินเธียเปิดมุมมองใหม่ที่ใกล้ตัวเรากว่าที่คิดครับ ฝนอยู่กับอารยธรรมของมนุษย์มานา� และแน่นอนมันเป็นหนึ่งในปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อการเกิ� การล่มสลาย การสรรค์สร้า� และการทำลา� ในหลาย � สิ่งของประวัติศาสตร์มนุษยชาต�

จะจบเล่มอาจต้องใช้ความอดทนสักหน่อ� แต่มันก็ช่วยให้เราเห็นการเปลี่ยนไปของสิ่งแวดล้อมได้มากขึ้นนะครับ
Profile Image for Emma Sedlak.
Author2 books18 followers
March 18, 2019
Incredibly well-written non-fiction on weather and man’s influence (knowingly or unknowingly). I didn’t realise it took me almost exactly a year to read this book from first beginning it, but I was more actively reading it in the last few months. I tried my hardest to complete the majority of the book during the rainiest days in Sydney: suitably atmospheric for the content.
1,933 reviews
June 20, 2015
An absolutely fascinating book about rain. Extremely well researched and diverse subject matter. The book explores ancient droughts, the history of rain through the study of tree rings, the smells of rain, the creation of Mackintosh waterproof fabrics by Charles Macintosh in 1822 and Bill and Robert Gore developing Gore-Tex in 1976 , the development of the umbrella and the oldest brolly shop in London dating back to 1830, the development of the windshield wipers in 1916 by two American women Mary Anderson and Charlotte Bridgewood both whose patents expired before adoption by the automotive industry, the phenomenon of skies raining frogs, snakes, spiders, the creation of the weather channel in 1982 by John Coleman, the 1896 nine categorizations of clouds with the highest cumulonimbus "being on cloud nine," the Indus Valley Harappan people an India/Pakistan civilization lost 5,000 years ago due to prolonged drought for two centuries, the settling of the American plains and the destruction of the grasslands, our paving over America which decreases aquifer collection and increases pollution runoff, the science and study of seeding clouds to produce rains and attempts to control wars such as the Vietnam War, the building of homes with thatched roofs versus other materials and Frank Lloyd Wright purposefully designing buildings to bring rain into a structure, the influence of rain in writing from Emily Dickinson, Charles Dickens, Ernest Hemingway, Mary Shelley, Walter Raymond, Toni Morrison to filmmaking such as 'Singing In The Rain' to the composition of music by the Doors' 'Rider on the Storm,' Jimi Hendrix's 'Rainy Day, Dream Away,' Frederic Chopin's 'Raindrop Prelude,' and Morrissey's moody indie pop group the Smiths, capturing the essence of rain in Kannauji, India by the ancient process of 'mitti attar' when in May and June petrichor has built up before the monsoons, the damaging affects of acid rain and the other pollutants dispersed through rain.
This is a timely book considering the extreme drought California and other western states are facing. Storms continue to become more severe. Fossil fuels, fracking, deforestation, population growth are impacting our earth. Sweet water will be a luxury in the not too distant future. This book is a must read for everyone.

"Climate change frightens and divides us, to such an extent that many people simply refuse to talk about it. But everyone loves to talk about the rain. Too much and not enough, rain is a conversation we share. It is an opening to connect-in ways as profound as prayer and art, practical as economics, or casual as an exchange between strangers on a stormy day."
"Amid the mysterious workings of Earth and it's atmosphere, one things is clear-when we change one part of the rain cycles we change another somewhere else."
"If Fort is right that society shall be judged by the health of its frogs, we're in for a harsh adjudication. Frogs have survived in more or less their current form for the past 250 million years-they made it through the mega-droughts and the plivials, the ice ages and asteroids. Today they are vanishing; perhaps this is why frog rains have become so rare in modern times. Nearly two hundred frog species have vanished since 1980 and more than a third of all surviving amphibians are now threatened with extinction, part of a larger catastrophe that scientists call the world's sixth mass extinction."
"While rain is one of the trickier parts of the atmosphere to measure and to understand, changing rainfall patterns are among the earliest and most obvious tremors of a warming globe."
"The record breaking year of 2013-2014 was yet more telling. Exceptional gales carrying extreme rains ravaged the southern coastlines (England and Wales), breaching sea walls and turning historical villages into islands. Along the coast of southern England, so many severe storms hit the coast that they uncovered hundreds of unexplored shells, bombs, and mines buried on the beaches since World War II. In western Wales, storms stripped away a beach to unearth an ancient forest six thousand years old."
Profile Image for Maitrey.
149 reviews23 followers
November 22, 2015
Reading Rain takes one on a tour across a gamut of emotions and experiences that cultures and people across the world have felt while experiencing this amazing phenomenon.

This is the first book I've listened to that was written by Cynthia Barnett, and she did an admirable job of describing rain, something, even as somebody who revels in it, I find a little hard to do. The fact that South India is facing an unseasonal spell of showers right now when I'm listening to this book might have helped the fact that I enjoyed it.

Barnett takes you through time, from ancient Iraq's storm gods, to of course, Hindu mythology's millennia old connection to India's lifeblood: the monsoon. There are many chapters devoted to early modern English weather-watchers (including one Capt. Fitzroy, Darwin's expedition leader on the Beagle who founded the English Met), Seattle and Manchester's weird reputation as very rainy cities, and even how, an unseasonal rain spell led to Mary Shelley penning Frankenstein. America's weird war on the clouds in the late 19th Century (they literally fired mortars, and exploded dynamite in the hope that it might rain in the mid-west) is some of the most unintentionally funny writing I've ever read.

These chapters of course go on to show that Earth's climate is a massively complicated system, one that we are changing, and still not yet knowledgeable to understand how we are changing it. Denial and anti-science, especially from politicians and other people in power is not the strategy to be adopted, as the history in this book shows.

The book was thematically well organised: covering topics such as mythology, literature and films, meteorology, climate change, and quirky travel writing. I liked it, but I can see this might at the same time seem like a book trying to bite off too much. Also, for a book that was talking about a global history of rain, there was a disproportionate representation of history and writing from the US and UK (probably because, hey Barnett is American and speaks English) but also quite a bit of India. I definitely will not complain about this last bit, Barnett even travelled to Chirapunji --the rainiest place in the world-- in North-East India, easily a section I enjoyed the most reading about. But there is hardly any Africa, or rainforests anywhere in the tropics; actually apart from the US, UK, ad India, there is hardly anything about rain anywhere else in the world, sections that I think would have only enlivened this book.

So, apart from minor quibbles, this is a perfect book to read (or listen to like I did to an audiobook) on rainy evenings. Its perfect mix of writing and empathy will only make you want to make you go out experience that wonderful phenomena called rain.

Profile Image for Brian Clegg.
Author161 books3,069 followers
June 24, 2015
This fairly chunky book, subtitled 'a natural and cultural history' takes on a subject that causes mixed emotions: rain. We all need it, however usually it's a case of 'but not now.' I think it's fair to say that Cynthia Barnett concentrates more on the cultural side than the natural history, but there is some science here in amongst the interesting stories of humanity's interaction with this very distinctive aspect of the weather.

Some sections are particularly interesting. I was fascinated by the attempts to make rain - even now, not wholly confirmed as a scientific possibility - from firing cannons into the sky to seeding clouds with dry ice and iodide crystals. There are strange rains (Fort's frogs and the like), monsoons and, of course, the whole business of clouds, intimately tied up with rain itself.

Overall, the book proved rather too US-centric for my taste, not only having a whole section dedicated to US weather, but also spending far too long reminiscing about TV weather forecasters who would hold no meaning to anyone outside North America. In the same section is the book's biggest blooper - we are told that the UK's Meteorological Office is universally known as 'the Met'. No, it's not. That would be the Metropolitan Police.

Although there are plenty of good stories, the book lacked an overall arc - and while a random jumble of information can be endearing, it is useful to have some helpful structure. Some parts contained genuinely interesting stories, but too often there were effectively extended lists which told far too much detail of rain event after rain event. Perhaps this came across worse in the chapter 'Writers on the storm' (get it?), which after a little more interesting wandering around the influence of Manchester and Washington State on Morrissey and Kurt Cobain respectively (both apparently less rainy locations than their reputation suggests), consists primarily of example after example of writers and artists using rain in their work.

The presentation overall also lacked the humour that tends to run through the best definitive cultural/natural history books, like Sjöberg's excellent The Fly Trap. Barnett has a light touch that wanders between poetic and everyday, but rarely captures the same warmth as the experts in this field.

I didn't dislike the book, but in the end, reading through chapter after chapter that was a collection of facts, rather than a piece of writing that took me somewhere, became a touch uninspiring.
Profile Image for Richard.
Author2 books53 followers
June 25, 2015
Writing from sunny Seattle, where we're supposed to be in the depths of June gloom but are instead in a sunshine filled drought. Southern Californians don't think much of our drought, claiming theirs in dryer and much, much worse, but those of us in the NW have always known that SoCal is its own canto of the Inferno.

Good, now that that's out the way...

Seattle is not the wettest city in the US, that would be New Orleans, and Seattle doesn't even make the top 15. We do rank sixth in most rainy days, just 18 days fewer than Rochester, NY. However, we're number one in cloudy days, racking up 226 a year - or 62% of days. So, if you're thinking of moving here just think "Gloomy Sunday," a.k.a., "The Hungarian Suicide Song," and don't.



I like popular science, (actually more the accompanying anecdotes than the science) and swoon over Diane Ackerman, and though "Rain..." isn't quite as florid, it does have its moments while providing lots of fascinating information about weather, climate, and rain. For instance, did you know that after the earth was formed it rained for a thousand years? Or that there's a village in India that traffics in all things attar (or scent) related, where they claim to have distilled the odor or fresh rain? Or that it has indeed rained frogs, and that raining cats and dogs comes from a time of heavy, heavy rains that left the carcasses of strays in the gutters?

And, yes, there is also science, but I'll leave that to you.

Oh, here's a little Seattle humor, it's a weather report that speaks to the 14,000 foot mountain that dominates our skyline: When you can't see Mt. Rainier, it's raining; when you can see Mt. Rainier, it's going to rain.

(Rain won't tell you why most umbrellas are black, but another single word book does. The name of the book is Coal. You can probably figure it out...)






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