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Shortest History
兀賵乇賵亘丕 鬲丕乇賷禺 賵噩賷夭
Celebrated historian John Hirst draws from his own lectures to deliver this ultra-accessible master class on the making of modern Europe鈥攆rom Ancient Greece through World War II. Along the way, he covers a broad selection of topics that piece together European history鈥攆rom worldviews shaped by philosophy, religion, and science, to adaptations and groundbreaking inventions like the plow that encouraged civilization to advance at rapid rates, to wars that created new borders and nations. Identifying ten key themes, he shows how each unlocks a deeper understanding of the cycles of European history, and how they inform our continued struggle to secure our rights and find peace in our differences. In his nonlinear, wide-ranging, yet tightly knit and thrilling narrative, Hirst reveals European history in another light鈥攐ne that distills thousands of years of history down to its essentials. Ultimately, this singular history highlights the power shift from the crowns of absolute rulers to the weary hands of the working class, and how commoners held leaders accountable for wrongdoing by demanding their basic rights, and against all odds, forged the documents and beliefs to found constitutions and core societal values in modern Europe and across the rest of the world.
186 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2009
1,229 people are currently reading
6,905 people want to read
About the author
John Hirst
34听books66听followersJohn Bradley Hirst, FASSA (9 July 1942 鈥� 3 February 2016) was an Australian historian and social commentator. He taught at La Trobe University from 1968 until his retirement in 2006, edited Historical Studies鈥擜ustralia's leading historical journal鈥攆rom 1977 to 1980, and also served on the boards of Film Australia and the National Museum of Australia. He has been described as an "historian, public intellectual, and active citizen". He wrote widely on Australian history and society, publishing two well-received books about colonial New South Wales. Hirst also frequently published opinion pieces in the media.
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May 13, 2023
賰鬲丕亘 馗乇賷賮 賵 禺賮賷賮 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 賲囟賱賱 賳賵毓丕 賲丕
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 163 氐賮丨丞 賲賳 丕賱丨噩賲 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賮賷爻鬲丨賷賱 兀賳 賷賯丿賲 鬲丕乇賷禺 賯丕乇丞 賲丐孬乇丞 賰兀賵乇賵亘丕 賲賳匕 丕賱賳卮兀丞 賵 丨鬲賶 氐丿賵乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 2016
鬲噩乇亘丞 噩丿賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 噩賵噩賱 亘賱丕賷 亘賵賰爻. 賳爻禺丞 賲賲鬲丕夭丞 亘爻亘毓丞 乇賷丕賱丕鬲 賮賯胤 賲毓 廿賲賰丕賳賷丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賲賳 兀賷 噩賴丕夭 賲鬲氐賱 亘丕賱卮亘賰丞 .
丕賱噩賲賷賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賳賴 毓乇囟 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賳 兀乇亘毓丞 夭賵丕賷丕 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賰賱 賲乇丞 賷兀禺匕賰 賮賷 噩賵賱丞 爻乇賷毓丞 賲賳 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞 亘廿爻賱賵亘 睾丕賷丞 賮賷 丕賱亘爻丕胤丞 賵 丕賱賵囟賵丨
賷毓鬲賲丿 賳馗乇賷丞 賱鬲賮賰賷賰 丕賱賳卮兀丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賯丕卅賱丕 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷丞 賴賷 賲夭賷噩 賲賳 孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賵乇賵賲丕貨 賵丕賱丿賷丕賳丞 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞貨 賵孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賲丨丕乇亘賷賳 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 睾夭賵丕 丕賱廿賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞. 賵賷乇氐丿 鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 亘丕賳亘毓丕孬 丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳賴囟丞 賮賷 廿賷胤丕賱賷丕 賵丕賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賰賳爻賷 賮賷 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵丕賱丨賰賵賲丞 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳賷丞 賮賷 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱孬賵乇賷丞 賮賷 賮乇賳爻丕.
丿乇丿卮丞 爻乇賷毓丞 賵 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓丕賲丞 丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賵爻毓丕鬲 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賵 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱廿賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賱卮乇賯賷丞 賵 睾乇亘賷丞 孬賲 鬲賮鬲鬲賴丕 鬲丨鬲 囟乇亘丕鬲 丕賱睾夭賵丕鬲 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 孬賲 丕賱賮鬲賵丨丕鬲 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞.
賷丨賰賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賷 賲賳 丨賷孬 兀卮賰丕賱 丕賱丨賰賵賲丕鬲 賵 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賰賵賳賴丕 賵 鬲胤賵乇 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱丨賰賲 丨鬲賶 氐丕乇鬲 廿賱賶 賲丕 賴賷 毓賱賷賴 丕賱兀賳 賵 丕賱氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱兀亘丕胤乇丞 賵 丕賱亘丕亘賵丕鬲 賵 爻乇 亘賯丕亍 兀爻乇丞 兀賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丨賷丿丞 鬲丨賰賲 丕賱鬲丕噩 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 丨鬲賶 丕賱兀賳 亘氐賮鬲賴丕 賵乇賷孬丞 丕賱鬲丕噩 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱賲賯丿爻 賵 賴賷 丌賱 賴丕亘爻亘賵乇噩.
賷丨賰賷 毓賳 兀氐賱 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵 賱賲丕匕丕 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賳賵毓 丕賱賲賵夭丕賷賰賷 賵 丕賱丨丿賵丿 丕賱賮丕氐賱丞 亘賷賳 爻賷胤乇丞 賱睾丞 賵 賱睾丞 兀禺乇賷 賵 丕賱兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵 兀丨賷丕賳丕 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賱匕賱賰.
丕賱毓乇囟 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賴賵 賱毓賲賵賲 丕賱賳丕爻 兀賵 丕賱毓丕賲丞 賵 賰賷賮 兀孬乇賵丕 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丕 賵 賰賷賮 賵氐賱賵丕 賱賱賲賰丕爻亘 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞 賲賳 丨乇賷丞 賵 丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賲乇賵乇丕 亘毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱氐賳丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞.
賵 賰兀賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲丿乇爻賷 兀賵 丿毓丕賷丞 丕賳鬲禺丕亘賷丞 鬲噩丿賴 賷爻鬲孬賳賷 丕賱賲乇丕丨賱 丕賱賲馗賱賲丞 賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賲賳 丕賱爻乇丿 賵 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 賳賯丕胤 丕賱囟毓賮 賵 賷丐賰丿 禺乇丕賮丞 丕賱賴賵賱賵賰賵爻鬲 亘兀毓丿丕丿賴丕 丕賱賲賱賷賵賳賷丞 賵 賷爻賯胤 鬲乇賰賷丕 鬲賲丕賲丕 賲賳 賲毓丕丿賱丞 鬲賰賵賷賳 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賰賲丕 賵 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 毓丿丕 爻胤乇 兀賵 賳丨賵 匕賱賰. 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 兀賷囟丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓賳氐乇賷 賵 丕賱鬲賵爻毓 丕賱廿爻鬲賷胤丕賳賷 賵 賯賲毓 丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵 丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿賴丕 賵 賳賴亘 禺賷乇丕鬲賴丕 賵 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 丨賯賷賯丞 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賴賷 丕賲鬲丿丕丿 賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲 兀禺乇賷 爻丕亘賯丞 賮賷 兀爻賷丕 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 賵丕丿賷 丕賱賳賷賱 賵 亘賱丕丿 丕賱乇丕賮丿賷賳 賵 賷鬲丨丿孬 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 賮賱鬲丞 賳卮兀鬲 賲賳 丕賱毓丿賲.
賮賷賲丕 毓丿 匕賱賰 賮廿賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷毓鬲亘乇 賲丿禺賱 噩賷丿 噩丿丕 賱賱鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕爻鬲毓賱丕卅賷丞.
December 5, 2012
Great book for a very high-level overview of the history of Europe. Mostly focused on the Roman Empire and its aftermath, up until the Industrial Revolution.
Below are my reading notes.
# Chapter 1
Europe is a mix of people:
- the Greeks, who thought the world was simple, logical, and mathematical
- the Christians, who thought the world was evil with only Jesus to save them
- and the Germans, who thought waging war was the greatest
What happened when these groups came together?
At first the Christians were persecuted but in 313, Constantine gave the Christians protection and later made Christianity the only state religion. So _the Romans became christian_.
Then the christian religion changed as it grew. The Christians created a whole hierarchy of priests, bishops and archbishops鈥攃ulminating with the Pope in Rome. This hierarchy had its own courts and dungeons and collaborated with the civil secular power of the emperor. Thus, _the Christians became more and more Roman_.
The churches were on a path to catalog and systematize their knowledge and to that aim they hired the philosophers and thinkers of Rome and Greece. Therefore, _the Christian church became a custodian of Greek and Roman knowledge_.
When Rome fell, the cities shrank and the hamlets became fiefs and local rulers held the real power. The king did not have much power and was lucky if he could assemble an army. The _German warriors moved closer to the church and eventually became Christians_.
The Christian Church began revisiting the Greek and Roman texts and began writing a Christian literature that built upon these writings.
The year is 1400 and this situation is about to break down.
# Chapter 2
The Renaissance is often portrayed as the re-discovery of Greek and Roman thinking but actually it is not so. The Renaissance began as people _outside the Church_ began studying the old pagan ways of the Greeks and Romans.
Two movements began removing power from the Church: the Renaissance and the Reformation. The message of the Reformation was: _the Church is not Roman_.
The Reformation was trying to extirpate the Roman Church from the Roman empire, to get back a Church as it used to be, before the merge.
At the same time, the Renaissance thinkers were trying to extirpate the Greek and Roman knowledge from the Catholic Church.
The scientific revolution was another force that would try to remove the Christian influence on science and knowledge. Interestingly, the scientists of the 17th century would contradict their Greek predecessors while still using the Greek methodology of mathematics. Yes, the _classics were now proved wrong_.
Several movements began rising against the backdrop of the Renaissance. The Romantic movement is one that stated that _culture was in the art_ and in the passion of men and women: reason could not explain everything and certainly did not make life worth living.
Around this time also came the idea that peoples should govern themselves and each nation should have its own government. This is the era of nationalism.
# Chapter 3
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe was invaded by three groups: the Muslims in southern Spain, the Normans from the north, and the Ottomans in Anatolia. Constantinople fell to these Ottomans in 1453.
The Europeans would eventually push back the Muslims in southern Spain. And they would incorporate Norman settlements into their own kingdoms.
# Chapter 4
As the Roman Empire began to expand, the governing of the state took a greater toll on the state finances. The empire increased taxes and forced shopkeepers to keep their prices the same鈥攖o fight inflation.
Richt estate owners refused to pay taxes and harboured peasants working on their land. Fiefs began to form and the legitimacy and power of the Roman Emperor faded.
# Chapter 5
Gunpowder helped the monarchs to defend themselves against their own people as artillery was expensive and useful to batter cities.
The European monarchs could justify the maintenance of an army because they fought with one another. However, in England, it was harder to justify an army and perhaps that helps explain the power of the parliament and the popular suspicion towards the rulers.
# Chapter 6
As the pope was afraid of a second wave of invasions by the Langobards, he turned to the ceasar in the Eastern Roman Empire but the caesar was busy fighting invaders. The pope then turned to the French king Pepin for help. The French king then successfully waged war against the barbarians and was then afraid that the pope would lay hands on land that was rightfully the king's. The king thus allowed the pope to keep only a small patch of territory around his living quarters. The state of the Vatican was born.
# Conclusion
Is Europe special? Perhaps. Perhaps it was just faster.
In any case, it looks like various centers of power helped bring about change and revolutions that led to industrialization and progress. Other parts of the world, say China, were ruled by an omnipotent monarch and that probably slowed the pace of change.
Below are my reading notes.
# Chapter 1
Europe is a mix of people:
- the Greeks, who thought the world was simple, logical, and mathematical
- the Christians, who thought the world was evil with only Jesus to save them
- and the Germans, who thought waging war was the greatest
What happened when these groups came together?
At first the Christians were persecuted but in 313, Constantine gave the Christians protection and later made Christianity the only state religion. So _the Romans became christian_.
Then the christian religion changed as it grew. The Christians created a whole hierarchy of priests, bishops and archbishops鈥攃ulminating with the Pope in Rome. This hierarchy had its own courts and dungeons and collaborated with the civil secular power of the emperor. Thus, _the Christians became more and more Roman_.
The churches were on a path to catalog and systematize their knowledge and to that aim they hired the philosophers and thinkers of Rome and Greece. Therefore, _the Christian church became a custodian of Greek and Roman knowledge_.
When Rome fell, the cities shrank and the hamlets became fiefs and local rulers held the real power. The king did not have much power and was lucky if he could assemble an army. The _German warriors moved closer to the church and eventually became Christians_.
The Christian Church began revisiting the Greek and Roman texts and began writing a Christian literature that built upon these writings.
The year is 1400 and this situation is about to break down.
# Chapter 2
The Renaissance is often portrayed as the re-discovery of Greek and Roman thinking but actually it is not so. The Renaissance began as people _outside the Church_ began studying the old pagan ways of the Greeks and Romans.
Two movements began removing power from the Church: the Renaissance and the Reformation. The message of the Reformation was: _the Church is not Roman_.
The Reformation was trying to extirpate the Roman Church from the Roman empire, to get back a Church as it used to be, before the merge.
At the same time, the Renaissance thinkers were trying to extirpate the Greek and Roman knowledge from the Catholic Church.
The scientific revolution was another force that would try to remove the Christian influence on science and knowledge. Interestingly, the scientists of the 17th century would contradict their Greek predecessors while still using the Greek methodology of mathematics. Yes, the _classics were now proved wrong_.
Several movements began rising against the backdrop of the Renaissance. The Romantic movement is one that stated that _culture was in the art_ and in the passion of men and women: reason could not explain everything and certainly did not make life worth living.
Around this time also came the idea that peoples should govern themselves and each nation should have its own government. This is the era of nationalism.
# Chapter 3
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe was invaded by three groups: the Muslims in southern Spain, the Normans from the north, and the Ottomans in Anatolia. Constantinople fell to these Ottomans in 1453.
The Europeans would eventually push back the Muslims in southern Spain. And they would incorporate Norman settlements into their own kingdoms.
# Chapter 4
As the Roman Empire began to expand, the governing of the state took a greater toll on the state finances. The empire increased taxes and forced shopkeepers to keep their prices the same鈥攖o fight inflation.
Richt estate owners refused to pay taxes and harboured peasants working on their land. Fiefs began to form and the legitimacy and power of the Roman Emperor faded.
# Chapter 5
Gunpowder helped the monarchs to defend themselves against their own people as artillery was expensive and useful to batter cities.
The European monarchs could justify the maintenance of an army because they fought with one another. However, in England, it was harder to justify an army and perhaps that helps explain the power of the parliament and the popular suspicion towards the rulers.
# Chapter 6
As the pope was afraid of a second wave of invasions by the Langobards, he turned to the ceasar in the Eastern Roman Empire but the caesar was busy fighting invaders. The pope then turned to the French king Pepin for help. The French king then successfully waged war against the barbarians and was then afraid that the pope would lay hands on land that was rightfully the king's. The king thus allowed the pope to keep only a small patch of territory around his living quarters. The state of the Vatican was born.
# Conclusion
Is Europe special? Perhaps. Perhaps it was just faster.
In any case, it looks like various centers of power helped bring about change and revolutions that led to industrialization and progress. Other parts of the world, say China, were ruled by an omnipotent monarch and that probably slowed the pace of change.
January 9, 2025
賲賳 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 廿賱賶 賴鬲賱乇貙 賲賳 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 廿賱賶 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞貙 賳丨賰賷 毓賳 兀孬賷賳丕貙 毓賳 乇賵賲丕 賵毓賳 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕貙 毓賳 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賵丕賱廿賷胤丕賱賷丞貙 賳卮賴丿 丕噩鬲賷丕丨 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞貙 丕賱噩賷賵卮 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞.
毓賳 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賳鬲丨丿孬貙 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱毓噩賵夭.
賰鬲丕亘 爻賱爻 賵賯氐賷乇貙 賲賰孬賮 賵賱賰賳 賲賳馗賲 亘卮賰賱 噩賷丿. 毓賰爻 賲丕 賯丿 賷鬲賵賯毓賴 丕賱賯丕乇卅貙 賮賱賲 賷毓賲丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷 丨爻亘 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕賱夭賲賳賷貙 亘賱 賯爻賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 賮氐賵賱貙 賰賱 賮氐賱 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 廿丨丿賶 賲賰賵賳丕鬲 匕賱賰 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺. 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 孬賲丞 賮氐賱 賷賳丕賯卮 鬲丨賵賱 兀賵乇賵亘丕 廿賱賶 丕賱毓賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 賵丕賱賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 匕賱賰. 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 賷丨賰賷 毓賳 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賳馗賲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱孬賷賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱廿賯胤丕毓賷丞 賲乇賵乇丕賸 亘丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 賵丕賱賳丕夭賷丞. 亘賱 廿賳 賴賳丕賰 賮氐賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賳馗乇賷丕鬲 賲孬賷乇丞 賱賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲 丨賵賱 賳卮兀鬲賴丕貙 鬲賱丕賯丨賴丕 賵丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕.
賷卮賷乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 廿賱賶 兀賳賴 賷爻鬲賴丿賮 丕賱胤賱丕亘貙 賱匕丕 爻鬲噩丿 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰 賲賱禺氐丕鬲 賵噩丿丕賵賱 賱鬲胤賵乇 亘毓囟 丕賱噩賵丕賳亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲毓 賲乇賵乇 丕賱夭賲賳. 賳亘乇丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 乇氐賷賳丞 賵賲賳氐賮丞. 氐丨賷丨 兀賳 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 丕爻鬲丕亍 賲賳 鬲氐乇賷丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘兀賳 "丕賱毓賱賲 丕禺鬲乇丕毓 兀賵乇賵亘賷"貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷毓鬲乇賮 賮賷 丕賱賳氐 亘兀卮賷丕亍 兀禺乇賶貙 廿匕 賷賯賵賱 鈥� 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱- 亘兀賳 丕賱毓乇亘 毓賳丿賲丕 賵氐賱賵丕 廿賱賶 兀賵乇賵亘丕 鬲賮丕噩卅賵丕 亘賯賱丞 孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 賵乇噩毓賷鬲賴賲.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 亘丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕亘鬲丿丕亍賸 賲賳 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 孬賲 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱賱鬲丕賳 鬲鬲丨丿孬丕賳 毓賳 丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵丕噩賴賴丕 丕賱賯丕乇丞 賮賷 賷賵賲賳丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷. 賵丕賱兀賴賲 賲賳 匕賱賰 賴賷 丿乇賵爻 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賲鬲賳丕孬乇丞 賮賷 胤賷丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲貙 賵賱賷爻 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷 丕賱賲鬲禺卮亘. 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱毓乇亘賷 爻賷毓賯丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 賵賯丿 賷爻鬲賳亘胤 丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞貙 賵賱乇亘賲丕 禺乇噩 兀賷囟丕賸 亘亘毓囟 丕賱廿噩丕亘丕鬲 賱兀爻卅賱丞 鬲噩賵賱 賮賷 匕賴賳賴.
毓賳 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賳鬲丨丿孬貙 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱毓噩賵夭.
賰鬲丕亘 爻賱爻 賵賯氐賷乇貙 賲賰孬賮 賵賱賰賳 賲賳馗賲 亘卮賰賱 噩賷丿. 毓賰爻 賲丕 賯丿 賷鬲賵賯毓賴 丕賱賯丕乇卅貙 賮賱賲 賷毓賲丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷 丨爻亘 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕賱夭賲賳賷貙 亘賱 賯爻賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 賮氐賵賱貙 賰賱 賮氐賱 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 廿丨丿賶 賲賰賵賳丕鬲 匕賱賰 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺. 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱貙 孬賲丞 賮氐賱 賷賳丕賯卮 鬲丨賵賱 兀賵乇賵亘丕 廿賱賶 丕賱毓賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 賵丕賱賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 匕賱賰. 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 賷丨賰賷 毓賳 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賳馗賲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱孬賷賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱廿賯胤丕毓賷丞 賲乇賵乇丕賸 亘丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 賵丕賱賳丕夭賷丞. 亘賱 廿賳 賴賳丕賰 賮氐賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賳馗乇賷丕鬲 賲孬賷乇丞 賱賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲 丨賵賱 賳卮兀鬲賴丕貙 鬲賱丕賯丨賴丕 賵丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕.
賷卮賷乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 廿賱賶 兀賳賴 賷爻鬲賴丿賮 丕賱胤賱丕亘貙 賱匕丕 爻鬲噩丿 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰 賲賱禺氐丕鬲 賵噩丿丕賵賱 賱鬲胤賵乇 亘毓囟 丕賱噩賵丕賳亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲毓 賲乇賵乇 丕賱夭賲賳. 賳亘乇丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 乇氐賷賳丞 賵賲賳氐賮丞. 氐丨賷丨 兀賳 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 丕爻鬲丕亍 賲賳 鬲氐乇賷丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘兀賳 "丕賱毓賱賲 丕禺鬲乇丕毓 兀賵乇賵亘賷"貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷毓鬲乇賮 賮賷 丕賱賳氐 亘兀卮賷丕亍 兀禺乇賶貙 廿匕 賷賯賵賱 鈥� 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱- 亘兀賳 丕賱毓乇亘 毓賳丿賲丕 賵氐賱賵丕 廿賱賶 兀賵乇賵亘丕 鬲賮丕噩卅賵丕 亘賯賱丞 孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷賷賳 賵乇噩毓賷鬲賴賲.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 亘丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕亘鬲丿丕亍賸 賲賳 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 孬賲 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱賱鬲丕賳 鬲鬲丨丿孬丕賳 毓賳 丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵丕噩賴賴丕 丕賱賯丕乇丞 賮賷 賷賵賲賳丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷. 賵丕賱兀賴賲 賲賳 匕賱賰 賴賷 丿乇賵爻 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賲鬲賳丕孬乇丞 賮賷 胤賷丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲貙 賵賱賷爻 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷 丕賱賲鬲禺卮亘. 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱毓乇亘賷 爻賷毓賯丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 賵賯丿 賷爻鬲賳亘胤 丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞貙 賵賱乇亘賲丕 禺乇噩 兀賷囟丕賸 亘亘毓囟 丕賱廿噩丕亘丕鬲 賱兀爻卅賱丞 鬲噩賵賱 賮賷 匕賴賳賴.
April 7, 2020
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賱賵 噩丿丕 賵胤亘毓丕 賲賳 丕爻賲賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 賵噩賷夭 賱丕賳賴 賲禺鬲氐乇 丕賱賲禺鬲氐乇 賮鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賱賳 鬲賰賮賷賴 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 囟禺賲丞 賱丨賯亘丞 夭賲賳賷丞 賮賯胤 賮賲丕 亘丕賱賰 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賯丕乇丞 賰丕賲賱丕.
賲丕 賷賲賷夭 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 賵亘亘毓囟 丕賱乇爻賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賵囟賷丨賷丞 賵丕賱丕卮賰丕賱 賵丕賱噩丿丕賵賱 毓賳 丕賱毓賳丕氐乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 丕賱賲丐孬乇丞 賮賶 丕賱丕乇孬 丕賱爻賷丕爻賶 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮賶 賵丕賱丿賷賳賶 賱賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞.
丕賱孬丕亘鬲 賮賶 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 毓丿賲 丕賱丕賳賮乇丕丿 丕賱賲胤賱賯 亘丕賱丨賰賲 賮賶 賮鬲乇丕鬲 夭賲賳賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱丕賲賵乇 賱丿賶 丨賰丕賲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕爻賷賵賷丞 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 賮賶 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賲噩丕賱爻 賳賷丕亘賷丞 賵爻賱胤丕鬲 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵鬲胤賵乇 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳丕鬲 賵胤亘賯丕鬲 賲鬲丨賰賲丞 賲賳 丕賱賳亘賱丕亍 賵丕氐丨丕亘 丕賱鬲噩丕乇丞 乇睾賲 賵噩賵丿 賮鬲乇丕鬲 胤亘毓丕 鬲爻賱胤 賮賷賴丕 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵丕賳賮乇丿賵丕 亘丕賱賯乇丕乇丕鬲.
丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷賵賳 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳 賵丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賵賲賲丕賱賰 氐睾賷乇丞 丿賵賷賱丕鬲 孬賲 丿賵賱 賱賴丕 賲爻丕丨丕鬲 賵丕賳馗賲丞 賵噩賷賵卮 賵賰賱 賲賳賴丕 賷爻毓賶 賱賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賯丕賱賷賲 賵丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賲噩丕賵乇丞 丕賱賶 丕賳 賵氐賱 丕賱丨丕賱 賱賱卮賰賱 丕賱丨丕賱賶 賱賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵賱賰賳 亘賯鬲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賲爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賰賲丕 賴賶 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕
丕禺鬲賱賮鬲 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賰孬賷乇丕 賵賳夭丕毓丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賵禺氐賵氐丕 賮賶 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賵丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 賲賳 氐乇丕毓丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賲賱賰賷賷賳 賵丕賱噩賲賴賵乇賷賷賳 賵氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱丕亘丕胤乇丞 賵丕賱亘丕亘賵丕鬲 毓賱賶 賲乇賰夭 丕賱丨賰賲 賵氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賷賳 丕賱孬賵乇賷賷賳 賵丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷賷賳 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷賷賳 賵馗賴賵乇 丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賵丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 賵丕賱賮賵囟賵賷賷賳 貙 賵丨乇亘丕賳 毓丕賱賲賷鬲丕賳 丕賳賴賰鬲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 .
賲丕 賷賲賷夭 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 賵亘亘毓囟 丕賱乇爻賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賵囟賷丨賷丞 賵丕賱丕卮賰丕賱 賵丕賱噩丿丕賵賱 毓賳 丕賱毓賳丕氐乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 丕賱賲丐孬乇丞 賮賶 丕賱丕乇孬 丕賱爻賷丕爻賶 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮賶 賵丕賱丿賷賳賶 賱賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞.
丕賱孬丕亘鬲 賮賶 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 毓丿賲 丕賱丕賳賮乇丕丿 丕賱賲胤賱賯 亘丕賱丨賰賲 賮賶 賮鬲乇丕鬲 夭賲賳賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱丕賲賵乇 賱丿賶 丨賰丕賲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕爻賷賵賷丞 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 賮賶 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賲噩丕賱爻 賳賷丕亘賷丞 賵爻賱胤丕鬲 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵鬲胤賵乇 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳丕鬲 賵胤亘賯丕鬲 賲鬲丨賰賲丞 賲賳 丕賱賳亘賱丕亍 賵丕氐丨丕亘 丕賱鬲噩丕乇丞 乇睾賲 賵噩賵丿 賮鬲乇丕鬲 胤亘毓丕 鬲爻賱胤 賮賷賴丕 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵丕賳賮乇丿賵丕 亘丕賱賯乇丕乇丕鬲.
丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷賵賳 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳 賵丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賵賲賲丕賱賰 氐睾賷乇丞 丿賵賷賱丕鬲 孬賲 丿賵賱 賱賴丕 賲爻丕丨丕鬲 賵丕賳馗賲丞 賵噩賷賵卮 賵賰賱 賲賳賴丕 賷爻毓賶 賱賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賯丕賱賷賲 賵丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賲噩丕賵乇丞 丕賱賶 丕賳 賵氐賱 丕賱丨丕賱 賱賱卮賰賱 丕賱丨丕賱賶 賱賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵賱賰賳 亘賯鬲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賲爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賰賲丕 賴賶 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕
丕禺鬲賱賮鬲 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賰孬賷乇丕 賵賳夭丕毓丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賵禺氐賵氐丕 賮賶 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賵丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 賲賳 氐乇丕毓丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賲賱賰賷賷賳 賵丕賱噩賲賴賵乇賷賷賳 賵氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱丕亘丕胤乇丞 賵丕賱亘丕亘賵丕鬲 毓賱賶 賲乇賰夭 丕賱丨賰賲 賵氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賷賳 丕賱孬賵乇賷賷賳 賵丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷賷賳 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷賷賳 賵馗賴賵乇 丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賵丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 賵丕賱賮賵囟賵賷賷賳 貙 賵丨乇亘丕賳 毓丕賱賲賷鬲丕賳 丕賳賴賰鬲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 .
May 1, 2018
賲賳 兀賮囟賱 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷貙 乇睾賲 氐睾乇 丨噩賲 丕賱毓賲賱貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賷 禺乇噩鬲 賲賳賴 亘丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱賲賮賷丿丞
Read
June 13, 2016Great summary
but i can't help but be annoyed by the flippant Euro-centrism by Hirst. On Feminism: "it was because women had this degree of respect in European culture that feminism was fairly readily accepted. It is a different story in other cultures." What other cultures? By how much? Such casual condescension served no purpose other than to make the reader demand qualification, which this book does not provide.
but i can't help but be annoyed by the flippant Euro-centrism by Hirst. On Feminism: "it was because women had this degree of respect in European culture that feminism was fairly readily accepted. It is a different story in other cultures." What other cultures? By how much? Such casual condescension served no purpose other than to make the reader demand qualification, which this book does not provide.
November 5, 2022
賰鬲丕亘 賲鬲賲賷夭 乇睾賲 毓丿丿 氐賮丨丕鬲賴 丕賱賯賱賷賱 賳爻亘賷丕
賷丨賰賶 亘毓囟 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲禺鬲氐乇丞 賵賱賷爻 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵賵乇亘丕 亘丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 賮賴匕丕 氐毓亘 賮賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賳爻亘賷丕 賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 乇賰夭 毓賱賶 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 賲賴賲丞 亘鬲乇賰賷夭 賵鬲賳馗賷賲 賮賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賱乇賵賲丕 賱賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丨鬲賶 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賳卮丕賴丿 賱賲丨丕鬲 賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賱賲爻丕乇 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丨鬲賶 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 亘丿丕賷丞 賲賳 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賳丿賲丕噩賴丕 賵鬲賮丕毓賱賴丕 丨鬲賶 丕氐亘丨鬲 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賱丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮賶 氐賵乇鬲賴丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞 丕賮乇丿 賱賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮氐賱丕 賲賳 丕賲鬲毓 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賵丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 睾賳賷丞 賵賲賮賷丿丞 噩丿丕 賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱鬲賱賯賶 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱丨丕賱賶 賱丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕賳
丕賱禺賱丕氐丞 丕賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賱賰賱 賯丕乇賶亍 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賶 亘賲丕 亘賴 賲賳 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賵丿乇丕爻丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賵丕賳氐丨 亘賴 亘卮丿丞
賷丨賰賶 亘毓囟 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲禺鬲氐乇丞 賵賱賷爻 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵賵乇亘丕 亘丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 賮賴匕丕 氐毓亘 賮賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賳爻亘賷丕 賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 乇賰夭 毓賱賶 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 賲賴賲丞 亘鬲乇賰賷夭 賵鬲賳馗賷賲 賮賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賱乇賵賲丕 賱賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丨鬲賶 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賳卮丕賴丿 賱賲丨丕鬲 賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賱賲爻丕乇 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丨鬲賶 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 亘丿丕賷丞 賲賳 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賳丿賲丕噩賴丕 賵鬲賮丕毓賱賴丕 丨鬲賶 丕氐亘丨鬲 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賱丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮賶 氐賵乇鬲賴丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞 丕賮乇丿 賱賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮氐賱丕 賲賳 丕賲鬲毓 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 賲賯丿賲丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賵丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 睾賳賷丞 賵賲賮賷丿丞 噩丿丕 賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱鬲賱賯賶 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱丨丕賱賶 賱丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕賳
丕賱禺賱丕氐丞 丕賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賱賰賱 賯丕乇賶亍 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賶 亘賲丕 亘賴 賲賳 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賵丿乇丕爻丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賵丕賳氐丨 亘賴 亘卮丿丞
February 17, 2019
賳丕賮匕丞 噩賲賷賱丞 賱賰賱 賲賳 賷乇賷丿 丕賳 賷鬲毓乇賮 卮賷卅丕 賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕
丕賵乇賵亘丕 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱賲賲賷夭丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷爻鬲賵胤賳 丕亘賳丕亍賴丕 丕賱賷賵賲 賮賷 孬賱丕孬 賯丕乇丕鬲 丕禺乇賶 睾賷乇賴丕
鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕亘鬲丿毓鬲 丕賱毓賱賲 賰賲丕 賷夭毓賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賵賱賰賳賴丕 亘賱丕 卮賰 丕爻賴賲鬲 賰孬賷乇丕
賷鬲噩丕賵夭 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱爻丨賷賯 賵賷亘丿兀 丨丿賷孬賴 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賵丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵賷賯賵賱 亘兀賳賳丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 賳丨賱賱 丕賱賰賷丕賳 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷 兀賵 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賱賶 孬賱丕孬 毓賳丕氐乇
1- 丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳: 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩丕亍鬲 亘丕賱毓賱賵賲 賵丕賱賮賳賵賳 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞
2- 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞: 丕賱鬲毓丕賱賷賲 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 爻賵賮 鬲毓鬲賳賯賴丕 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賵鬲賮賴賲賴丕 賵鬲爻鬲毓賲賱賴丕 亘胤乇賷賯鬲賴丕 丕賱禺丕氐丞
3- 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳: 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賲鬲賵丨卮丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賰乇賴 丕賱毓賲賱 賵丕賱噩丿 賵鬲丨亘 丕賱丨乇亘 賵丕賱賳賴亘
賰丕賳鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賳丕氐乇 賲鬲賮賰賰丞 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 貙 賵賱賰賳 賲丕 丨丿孬 丕賳 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇 賯爻胤賳胤賷賳 丕毓鬲賳賯 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賮賷 毓丕賲 313 賵丕賱鬲丨賲鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 亘丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賯乇鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 貙 孬賲 亘毓丿 賯乇賵賳 爻賷賴丕噩賲 丕賱賲賯丕鬲賱賵賳 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賲賯丕胤毓丕鬲 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 賱睾乇囟 丕賱爻賱亘 賵丕賱賳賴亘 賵爻賷鬲賮丕噩丐賵賳 亘丕賳賴 賷噩亘 毓賱賷賴賲 丨賰賲 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕胤毓丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 睾夭賵賴丕 賵爻賷毓鬲賳賯 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞.
賵賴賰匕丕 爻賷鬲丨囟乇 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賵爻鬲鬲卮賰賱 亘賴丿賵亍 丿賵賱 賲孬賱 賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賮賷 丨賷賳 爻鬲爻賯胤 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻賷胤乇 毓賱賶 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 賵噩賳賵亘 丕賵乇賵亘丕 鬲丕乇賰丞 亘丕亘丕 乇賵賲丕 賮賷 賮乇丕睾 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷 賱賷鬲丨丕賱賮 丕禺賷乇丕 賲毓 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱卮賲丕賱
賵鬲鬲卮賰賱 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賲鬲夭丕噩 賱賱丕氐賵賱 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賲毓 鬲兀孬賷乇 賰亘賷乇 賱賱睾丞 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞 (丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞)貙 賵亘賲乇賵乇 丕賱賯乇賵賳 爻鬲賯賵賶 卮賵賰丞 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵爻鬲鬲丨丿 賱鬲乇爻賱 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮鬲鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 鬲賯丿賲 丕賱毓乇亘 貙
亘毓丿賴丕 亘賯乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻 毓卮乇 爻賵賮 賷爻賯胤 丕賱毓孬賲丕賳賷賷賳 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 亘毓丕氐賲鬲賴丕 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賵爻賷爻賲賵賳賴丕 丕爻胤賳亘賵賱
賵亘賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕丿孬丞 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 爻賷亘丿兀 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賱賷兀鬲賷 賮賱丕爻賮丞 賵賮賳丕賳賵 賵毓賱賲丕亍 毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 賵賷毓賷丿賵丕 丕爻鬲丨囟丕乇 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳賴丕乇鬲 賵賱賰賳 賷爻鬲丨囟乇賵賳賴丕 賮賷 毓賯賵賱賴賲 .. 賵爻賷賲噩丿賵賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨賯亘 丕賱丕賵賱賶 丕賱賲噩賷丿丞 賲賳 丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 丕賱賶 丕賱丕爻賰賳丿乇 丕賱賶 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱賲亘賰乇 .. 賵丕爻賲賵賴 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賰賱丕爻賷賰賷 賵賲毓賳丕賴丕 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賲孬丕賱賷貙 賵卮賷卅丕 賮卮賷卅丕 馗賴乇鬲 賳夭毓丕鬲 乇賮囟 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞貙 賵丨賯賯 丕賱毓賱賲 賳噩丕丨丕鬲 卮賷卅丕 賮卮賷卅丕
賵賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 馗賴乇 乇噩賱 丕賱賲丕賳賷 賷丿毓賶 賲丕乇鬲賳 賱賵孬乇 賵賴丕噩賲 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵丕賯鬲乇丨 賲亘丕丿卅 噩丿賷丿丞 爻賲賷鬲 丕賱賲匕賴亘 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻丕賳鬲賷貙 賵丕賳鬲卮乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賲匕賴亘 賮賷 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕爻賰賳丿丕賮賷丞 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賯賱賷賱 賮賷 賮乇賳爻丕貙 賵丕爻鬲賲乇 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨鬲丿丕賲 丕賱毓賯丕卅丿賷丞 賵丕賱賲匕賴亘賷 丨鬲賶 丕爻賮乇 賮賷 毓丕賲 1618 毓賳 丕賳丿賱丕毓 丨乇亘 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷賳 毓丕賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰 賵丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻丕賳鬲 賯囟鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺囟乇 賵丕賱賷丕亘爻 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賲丕 丨賵賱賴丕 貙
賰丕賳鬲 丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲卮丕乇賰 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨乇亘 乇睾賲 丕賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 賰睾賷乇賴丕 賷爻賵丿賴丕 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷貙 賵賱賲 鬲賰賳 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 爻賵賶 丨乇丕賰 胤賵賷賱 賯丕丿賴 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱爻丕亘毓 毓卮乇 囟丿 賲賱賵賰賴賲 賵賮賷 賰賱 賲乇丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賯賱賱 氐賱丕丨賷丕鬲 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賰孬乇 賵鬲賯賱賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賳亘賱丕亍 賵鬲夭丿丕丿 爻賱胤丞 丕賱卮毓亘 .. 賲賲丕 噩毓賱 鬲噩乇亘丞 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賴賷 丕賱丕賰孬乇 爻賱丕賲丕 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 乇爻賵禺丕貙 鬲夭丕賲賳 匕賱賰 賲毓 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丨賷孬 丕賰鬲爻亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷賵賳 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賮丕乇賯丞 賮賷 丕賱夭乇丕毓丞 丕爻賴賲鬲 賮賷 氐毓賵丿賴賲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵亘氐毓賵丿賴丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賰丕賳鬲 噩丕賴夭丞 賱丕賳 鬲亘爻胤 賳賮賵匕賴丕 毓賱賶 乇亘毓 丕賱賰乇丞 丕賱丕乇囟賷丞
丕賲丕 賮乇賳爻丕 賮賯丿 丕乇賴賯鬲賴丕 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賵賰丕賳 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賵丕賱胤亘賯賷丞 爻亘亘丕 賱賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 毓賳賷賮丞 賵爻亘亘鬲 賮賵囟賶 賵丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 賵賲卮丕賰賱 賱毓卮乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丨鬲賶 丕爻鬲丨賰賲 丕賱賵囟毓 賵賱賰賳 亘賯鬲 賮乇賳爻丕 毓賳賷賮丞 賮賷 丕賳馗賲鬲賴丕 賵鬲毓丕賲賱賴丕 賲毓 賲爻鬲毓賲乇丕鬲賴丕
丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱丕賰孬乇 丕囟胤乇丕亘丕 賮賰丕賳鬲 鬲鬲睾賷乇 丨丿賵丿賴丕 賵丕爻賲賴丕 亘廿爻鬲賲乇丕乇 賵丿丕卅賲丕 鬲卮毓乇 亘丕賱馗賱賲 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱乇賵爻 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘
賵馗賴乇鬲 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 丕賱丕毓鬲夭丕夭 丕賱賲亘丕賱睾 賮賷賴 亘丕賱匕丕鬲.. 賵丕丿鬲 氐乇賵賮 丕賱丿賴乇 丕賱賶 丨乇亘賷賳 毓丕賱賲賷鬲賷賳 丕卮毓賱鬲 卮乇丕乇鬲賴賲丕 賲賳 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賰丕賳鬲丕 丕爻賵亍 賲丕丨丿孬 賱賱亘卮乇賷丞 賲賳匕 賵賯鬲 胤賵賷賱
賲丕匕丕 賳鬲毓賱賲 賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕
1- 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 丕賱毓馗賲賶 賰亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賱賲 鬲賰賳 賯亘賱 1500 爻賳丞 爻賵賶 賴賲噩 乇毓丕毓 亘賱丕 丿賵賱丞 賵賱丕 賯丕賳賵賳貙 丕賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 賵乇丕孬丞 噩賷賳賷丞 賵賱丕 丕鬲賰丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘賱 賴賷 噩賴賵丿 丨孬賷孬丞 賵賱賷丿丞 毓氐乇賴丕
2- 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丿丕亍 毓丕賱賲賷 賱丕 賷毓賳賶 亘丿賷賳 丕賵 胤丕卅賮丞 賵賴賵 賳丕乇 丕匕丕 丕卮鬲毓賱鬲 賱丕 鬲胤賮卅
3- 丕賱鬲毓氐亘丕鬲 丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賵丕賱毓賱賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕鬲乇鬲亘胤 亘丕賱丿賷賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕爻賵亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 賰賲丕 氐賳毓鬲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷丞
4- 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱賮賳 賵丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賰丕賳 丕賱賲賮鬲丕丨 賱賳賴囟丞 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賮賷 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賮賷 爻賳丞 賵賱賳賴囟鬲賴丕 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賯亘賱 500 爻賳丞
5- 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 爻賷卅丞 噩丿丕 丨賷賳賲丕 鬲丨丿孬 賮鬲賯鬲賱 丕賱丕賱丕賮 賵鬲毓賲 丕賱賮賵囟賶貙 賵賱賰賳 賷亘丿賵 丕賳賴丕 丕卮亘賴 亘賲禺丕囟 賱毓氐乇 噩丿賷丿 賲夭丿賴乇
6- 丕賱丕賮囟賱 賲賳 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓賳賷賮丞 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賴賷 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賴丕丿卅丞 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 貙 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨爻賳 丕賱丕賵囟丕毓 乇賵賷丿丕 乇賵賷丿丕
7- 丕賳 賱丕 賳賰乇乇 丕禺胤丕亍 丕賱賲丕囟賷貙 爻鬲賰賵賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕噩賲賱 賱賵 賱賲 鬲禺氐氐 丕賱孬乇賵丕鬲 賵鬲夭賴賯 丕賱丕乇賵丕丨 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱賲毓丕乇賰 丕賱鬲賷 亘賱丕 胤丕卅賱貙 賮賱賷鬲 卮毓乇賷 賲丕匕丕 鬲丨賯賯 亘毓丿 賰賱 丨乇亘
賵丕賱丕賳 賴丕 賳丨賳 賳乇賶 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕賵爻胤 賷禺賵囟 丨乇賵亘 賵氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賵賲卮丕賰賱 鬲卮丕亘賴 賲丕丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賮賴賱 賳丨賳 賲丕囟賵賳 亘賳賮爻 賲爻丕乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賲 丕賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賱丿賷賴 爻賷賳丕乇賷賵 丕禺乇 賱賳丕貙 孬賲 賲丕匕丕 毓賳 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕丨丞 丕賱爻賱丕賲 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞貙 丨鬲賶 賲鬲賶 爻鬲亘賯賶 賰匕賱賰 賵賴賱 爻賷賲乇 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賴卮 亘賳賰亘丞 噩丿賷丿丞 爻鬲賰賵賳 亘賱丕 卮賰 丕賰孬乇 鬲丿賲賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丨乇亘賷賳 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷丞
丕賵乇賵亘丕 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱賲賲賷夭丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷爻鬲賵胤賳 丕亘賳丕亍賴丕 丕賱賷賵賲 賮賷 孬賱丕孬 賯丕乇丕鬲 丕禺乇賶 睾賷乇賴丕
鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕亘鬲丿毓鬲 丕賱毓賱賲 賰賲丕 賷夭毓賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賵賱賰賳賴丕 亘賱丕 卮賰 丕爻賴賲鬲 賰孬賷乇丕
賷鬲噩丕賵夭 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱爻丨賷賯 賵賷亘丿兀 丨丿賷孬賴 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賵丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵賷賯賵賱 亘兀賳賳丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 賳丨賱賱 丕賱賰賷丕賳 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷 兀賵 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賱賶 孬賱丕孬 毓賳丕氐乇
1- 丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳: 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩丕亍鬲 亘丕賱毓賱賵賲 賵丕賱賮賳賵賳 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞
2- 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞: 丕賱鬲毓丕賱賷賲 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 爻賵賮 鬲毓鬲賳賯賴丕 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賵鬲賮賴賲賴丕 賵鬲爻鬲毓賲賱賴丕 亘胤乇賷賯鬲賴丕 丕賱禺丕氐丞
3- 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳: 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賲鬲賵丨卮丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賰乇賴 丕賱毓賲賱 賵丕賱噩丿 賵鬲丨亘 丕賱丨乇亘 賵丕賱賳賴亘
賰丕賳鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賳丕氐乇 賲鬲賮賰賰丞 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 貙 賵賱賰賳 賲丕 丨丿孬 丕賳 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇 賯爻胤賳胤賷賳 丕毓鬲賳賯 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賮賷 毓丕賲 313 賵丕賱鬲丨賲鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 亘丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賯乇鬲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 貙 孬賲 亘毓丿 賯乇賵賳 爻賷賴丕噩賲 丕賱賲賯丕鬲賱賵賳 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賲賯丕胤毓丕鬲 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 賱睾乇囟 丕賱爻賱亘 賵丕賱賳賴亘 賵爻賷鬲賮丕噩丐賵賳 亘丕賳賴 賷噩亘 毓賱賷賴賲 丨賰賲 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕胤毓丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 睾夭賵賴丕 賵爻賷毓鬲賳賯 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞.
賵賴賰匕丕 爻賷鬲丨囟乇 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賵爻鬲鬲卮賰賱 亘賴丿賵亍 丿賵賱 賲孬賱 賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賮賷 丨賷賳 爻鬲爻賯胤 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻賷胤乇 毓賱賶 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 賵噩賳賵亘 丕賵乇賵亘丕 鬲丕乇賰丞 亘丕亘丕 乇賵賲丕 賮賷 賮乇丕睾 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷 賱賷鬲丨丕賱賮 丕禺賷乇丕 賲毓 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱卮賲丕賱
賵鬲鬲卮賰賱 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賲鬲夭丕噩 賱賱丕氐賵賱 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賲毓 鬲兀孬賷乇 賰亘賷乇 賱賱睾丞 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞 (丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞)貙 賵亘賲乇賵乇 丕賱賯乇賵賳 爻鬲賯賵賶 卮賵賰丞 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵爻鬲鬲丨丿 賱鬲乇爻賱 丕賱丨賲賱丕鬲 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賮鬲鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 鬲賯丿賲 丕賱毓乇亘 貙
亘毓丿賴丕 亘賯乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻 毓卮乇 爻賵賮 賷爻賯胤 丕賱毓孬賲丕賳賷賷賳 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 亘毓丕氐賲鬲賴丕 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賵爻賷爻賲賵賳賴丕 丕爻胤賳亘賵賱
賵亘賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕丿孬丞 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 爻賷亘丿兀 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賱賷兀鬲賷 賮賱丕爻賮丞 賵賮賳丕賳賵 賵毓賱賲丕亍 毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 賵賷毓賷丿賵丕 丕爻鬲丨囟丕乇 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳賴丕乇鬲 賵賱賰賳 賷爻鬲丨囟乇賵賳賴丕 賮賷 毓賯賵賱賴賲 .. 賵爻賷賲噩丿賵賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨賯亘 丕賱丕賵賱賶 丕賱賲噩賷丿丞 賲賳 丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 丕賱賶 丕賱丕爻賰賳丿乇 丕賱賶 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱賲亘賰乇 .. 賵丕爻賲賵賴 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賰賱丕爻賷賰賷 賵賲毓賳丕賴丕 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賲孬丕賱賷貙 賵卮賷卅丕 賮卮賷卅丕 馗賴乇鬲 賳夭毓丕鬲 乇賮囟 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞貙 賵丨賯賯 丕賱毓賱賲 賳噩丕丨丕鬲 卮賷卅丕 賮卮賷卅丕
賵賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 馗賴乇 乇噩賱 丕賱賲丕賳賷 賷丿毓賶 賲丕乇鬲賳 賱賵孬乇 賵賴丕噩賲 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵丕賯鬲乇丨 賲亘丕丿卅 噩丿賷丿丞 爻賲賷鬲 丕賱賲匕賴亘 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻丕賳鬲賷貙 賵丕賳鬲卮乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賲匕賴亘 賮賷 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕爻賰賳丿丕賮賷丞 賵丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賯賱賷賱 賮賷 賮乇賳爻丕貙 賵丕爻鬲賲乇 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨鬲丿丕賲 丕賱毓賯丕卅丿賷丞 賵丕賱賲匕賴亘賷 丨鬲賶 丕爻賮乇 賮賷 毓丕賲 1618 毓賳 丕賳丿賱丕毓 丨乇亘 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷賳 毓丕賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰 賵丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻丕賳鬲 賯囟鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺囟乇 賵丕賱賷丕亘爻 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵賲丕 丨賵賱賴丕 貙
賰丕賳鬲 丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲卮丕乇賰 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨乇亘 乇睾賲 丕賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 賰睾賷乇賴丕 賷爻賵丿賴丕 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷貙 賵賱賲 鬲賰賳 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 爻賵賶 丨乇丕賰 胤賵賷賱 賯丕丿賴 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱爻丕亘毓 毓卮乇 囟丿 賲賱賵賰賴賲 賵賮賷 賰賱 賲乇丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賯賱賱 氐賱丕丨賷丕鬲 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賰孬乇 賵鬲賯賱賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賳亘賱丕亍 賵鬲夭丿丕丿 爻賱胤丞 丕賱卮毓亘 .. 賲賲丕 噩毓賱 鬲噩乇亘丞 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賴賷 丕賱丕賰孬乇 爻賱丕賲丕 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 乇爻賵禺丕貙 鬲夭丕賲賳 匕賱賰 賲毓 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丨賷孬 丕賰鬲爻亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷賵賳 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賮丕乇賯丞 賮賷 丕賱夭乇丕毓丞 丕爻賴賲鬲 賮賷 氐毓賵丿賴賲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵亘氐毓賵丿賴丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賰丕賳鬲 噩丕賴夭丞 賱丕賳 鬲亘爻胤 賳賮賵匕賴丕 毓賱賶 乇亘毓 丕賱賰乇丞 丕賱丕乇囟賷丞
丕賲丕 賮乇賳爻丕 賮賯丿 丕乇賴賯鬲賴丕 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賵賰丕賳 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷 賵丕賱胤亘賯賷丞 爻亘亘丕 賱賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 毓賳賷賮丞 賵爻亘亘鬲 賮賵囟賶 賵丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 賵賲卮丕賰賱 賱毓卮乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丨鬲賶 丕爻鬲丨賰賲 丕賱賵囟毓 賵賱賰賳 亘賯鬲 賮乇賳爻丕 毓賳賷賮丞 賮賷 丕賳馗賲鬲賴丕 賵鬲毓丕賲賱賴丕 賲毓 賲爻鬲毓賲乇丕鬲賴丕
丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱丕賰孬乇 丕囟胤乇丕亘丕 賮賰丕賳鬲 鬲鬲睾賷乇 丨丿賵丿賴丕 賵丕爻賲賴丕 亘廿爻鬲賲乇丕乇 賵丿丕卅賲丕 鬲卮毓乇 亘丕賱馗賱賲 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱乇賵爻 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘
賵馗賴乇鬲 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 丕賱丕毓鬲夭丕夭 丕賱賲亘丕賱睾 賮賷賴 亘丕賱匕丕鬲.. 賵丕丿鬲 氐乇賵賮 丕賱丿賴乇 丕賱賶 丨乇亘賷賳 毓丕賱賲賷鬲賷賳 丕卮毓賱鬲 卮乇丕乇鬲賴賲丕 賲賳 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賰丕賳鬲丕 丕爻賵亍 賲丕丨丿孬 賱賱亘卮乇賷丞 賲賳匕 賵賯鬲 胤賵賷賱
賲丕匕丕 賳鬲毓賱賲 賲賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕
1- 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 丕賱毓馗賲賶 賰亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賱賲 鬲賰賳 賯亘賱 1500 爻賳丞 爻賵賶 賴賲噩 乇毓丕毓 亘賱丕 丿賵賱丞 賵賱丕 賯丕賳賵賳貙 丕賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 賵乇丕孬丞 噩賷賳賷丞 賵賱丕 丕鬲賰丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘賱 賴賷 噩賴賵丿 丨孬賷孬丞 賵賱賷丿丞 毓氐乇賴丕
2- 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丿丕亍 毓丕賱賲賷 賱丕 賷毓賳賶 亘丿賷賳 丕賵 胤丕卅賮丞 賵賴賵 賳丕乇 丕匕丕 丕卮鬲毓賱鬲 賱丕 鬲胤賮卅
3- 丕賱鬲毓氐亘丕鬲 丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賵丕賱毓賱賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕鬲乇鬲亘胤 亘丕賱丿賷賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕爻賵亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲毓氐亘 丕賱丿賷賳賷 賰賲丕 氐賳毓鬲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷丞
4- 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱賮賳 賵丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賰丕賳 丕賱賲賮鬲丕丨 賱賳賴囟丞 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賮賷 丕賱賷賵賳丕賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賮賷 爻賳丞 賵賱賳賴囟鬲賴丕 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賯亘賱 500 爻賳丞
5- 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 爻賷卅丞 噩丿丕 丨賷賳賲丕 鬲丨丿孬 賮鬲賯鬲賱 丕賱丕賱丕賮 賵鬲毓賲 丕賱賮賵囟賶貙 賵賱賰賳 賷亘丿賵 丕賳賴丕 丕卮亘賴 亘賲禺丕囟 賱毓氐乇 噩丿賷丿 賲夭丿賴乇
6- 丕賱丕賮囟賱 賲賳 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓賳賷賮丞 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賴賷 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賴丕丿卅丞 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 貙 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨爻賳 丕賱丕賵囟丕毓 乇賵賷丿丕 乇賵賷丿丕
7- 丕賳 賱丕 賳賰乇乇 丕禺胤丕亍 丕賱賲丕囟賷貙 爻鬲賰賵賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕噩賲賱 賱賵 賱賲 鬲禺氐氐 丕賱孬乇賵丕鬲 賵鬲夭賴賯 丕賱丕乇賵丕丨 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱賲毓丕乇賰 丕賱鬲賷 亘賱丕 胤丕卅賱貙 賮賱賷鬲 卮毓乇賷 賲丕匕丕 鬲丨賯賯 亘毓丿 賰賱 丨乇亘
賵丕賱丕賳 賴丕 賳丨賳 賳乇賶 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕賵爻胤 賷禺賵囟 丨乇賵亘 賵氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賵賲卮丕賰賱 鬲卮丕亘賴 賲丕丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賮賴賱 賳丨賳 賲丕囟賵賳 亘賳賮爻 賲爻丕乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賲 丕賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賱丿賷賴 爻賷賳丕乇賷賵 丕禺乇 賱賳丕貙 孬賲 賲丕匕丕 毓賳 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕丨丞 丕賱爻賱丕賲 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞貙 丨鬲賶 賲鬲賶 爻鬲亘賯賶 賰匕賱賰 賵賴賱 爻賷賲乇 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賴卮 亘賳賰亘丞 噩丿賷丿丞 爻鬲賰賵賳 亘賱丕 卮賰 丕賰孬乇 鬲丿賲賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丨乇亘賷賳 丕賱丕賵賱賶 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷丞
July 15, 2019
兀噩賲賱 賲丕 賷賯丕賱 毓賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 - 丕賱賲禺鬲氐乇 丕賱賲賮賷丿 - 賵丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 毓賱賷 賲爻鬲賵賷 毓丕賱賷 賲賳 丕賱廿丨鬲乇丕賮賷丞
兀賵乇賵亘丕 鬲丕乇賷禺 胤賵賷賱 賰賷賮 賷鬲賲 廿禺鬲氐丕乇賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 責
賱丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丿禺賱 賱丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷 賵賯丿 爻賱胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賷 丕賱賱丨馗丕鬲 丕賱賮丕乇賯丞 賵丕賱禺氐丕卅氐 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賷夭 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞
貙
賷毓噩亘賳賷 賮賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱毓乇囟 賵丕賱鬲爻賱爻賱 丕賱夭賲賳賷 丕賱乇丕卅毓 丕賱匕賷 賷爻乇丿 亘賴 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬
賵兀賷囟丕賸 賱賰孬乇丞 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賲賳 丕賱賲賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲賮賵鬲 毓賱賷賰 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賷毓賵丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 賰賱 賮賯乇丞 賲賱禺氐丕賸 賱賴丕
兀賷囟丕賸 廿丨鬲賵丕亍 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賷 丕賱乇爻賵賲丕鬲 賵丕賱噩丿丕賵賱 賰丕賳 毓丕賲賱 賴丕賲 噩丿丕賸 賮賷 鬲賵氐賷賱 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 亘卮賰賱 兀賷爻乇
貙
兀鬲賴賲 丕賱亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘丕賱鬲賴賲賷卮 賱賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 責
丨賯賷賯丞 丕賱兀賲乇 賱賲 兀乇賷 兀賷 鬲賴賲賷卮 賵賱賲 兀乇賷 賲賳賴 爻賵賷 毓乇囟 丨賷丕丿賷 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷 賱賱賳亘賷 賵賱賱丿賷賳 賵賱賱賮鬲賵丨丕鬲 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賱兀賵乇亘丕
賵賯丿 賯丕賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱賯丿爻 賱賴賲 丕賱賮囟賱 賮賷 鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱噩賴丕賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賷
廿匕丕賸 兀賷 鬲賴賲賷卮 責
賰丕賳 丕賱噩丿賷乇 兀賱丕 賷匕賰乇 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 賱賲丕 賮賷賴丕 賲賳 廿賴丕賳丞 賰亘乇賷 賵廿賳氐丕賮 賱賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳
賵賰賲 兀賳 亘毓囟 丕賱賯乇丕亍 卮毓乇 亘鬲賴賲賷卮 賱賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻賷丞 貙 賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀賲乇 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲 賷乇賰夭 毓賱賷 丿賵賱丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賯丕賲鬲 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賱 賰賱 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞
賮丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻 爻賵賮 賷爻賱胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 廿爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵賱賷爻 兀賵乇賵亘丕 責
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氐乇丕丨丞 賱賲 兀乇賷 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 廿賱丕 賰賱 賴賵 賲賮賷丿 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷 賵丨賷丕丿賷 賮賷 丕賱毓乇囟 賵賱賲 賷鬲丨賷夭 賱賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賵丕丨丿丞
賰賲 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨賵賷 毓氐丕乇丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞
賮鬲賱賰 丕賱丿乇丞 賷賯丿賲賴丕 賱賳丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷 噩賵賳 賴賷乇爻鬲 賰賴丿賷丞 賱賲賳 賴賲 賷卮毓乇賵賳 亘丕賱囟噩乇 賲賳 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓
賵賰賲丕 卮賰乇鬲 亘丿丕賷丞賸 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 兀毓賵丿 賱兀卮賰乇賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賷 丕賱丕賳 賱鬲乇噩賲鬲賴 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 丕賱賵丕賮賷丞
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賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賷噩亘 兀賳 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳賴 賲賰鬲亘賰
兀賵乇賵亘丕 鬲丕乇賷禺 胤賵賷賱 賰賷賮 賷鬲賲 廿禺鬲氐丕乇賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 責
賱丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丿禺賱 賱丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷 賵賯丿 爻賱胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賷 丕賱賱丨馗丕鬲 丕賱賮丕乇賯丞 賵丕賱禺氐丕卅氐 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賷夭 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯丕乇丞
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賷毓噩亘賳賷 賮賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱毓乇囟 賵丕賱鬲爻賱爻賱 丕賱夭賲賳賷 丕賱乇丕卅毓 丕賱匕賷 賷爻乇丿 亘賴 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬
賵兀賷囟丕賸 賱賰孬乇丞 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賲賳 丕賱賲賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲賮賵鬲 毓賱賷賰 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賷毓賵丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 賰賱 賮賯乇丞 賲賱禺氐丕賸 賱賴丕
兀賷囟丕賸 廿丨鬲賵丕亍 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賷 丕賱乇爻賵賲丕鬲 賵丕賱噩丿丕賵賱 賰丕賳 毓丕賲賱 賴丕賲 噩丿丕賸 賮賷 鬲賵氐賷賱 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 亘卮賰賱 兀賷爻乇
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兀鬲賴賲 丕賱亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘丕賱鬲賴賲賷卮 賱賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 責
丨賯賷賯丞 丕賱兀賲乇 賱賲 兀乇賷 兀賷 鬲賴賲賷卮 賵賱賲 兀乇賷 賲賳賴 爻賵賷 毓乇囟 丨賷丕丿賷 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷 賱賱賳亘賷 賵賱賱丿賷賳 賵賱賱賮鬲賵丨丕鬲 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賱兀賵乇亘丕
賵賯丿 賯丕賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱賯丿爻 賱賴賲 丕賱賮囟賱 賮賷 鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱噩賴丕賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賵乇亘賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賷
廿匕丕賸 兀賷 鬲賴賲賷卮 責
賰丕賳 丕賱噩丿賷乇 兀賱丕 賷匕賰乇 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 賱賲丕 賮賷賴丕 賲賳 廿賴丕賳丞 賰亘乇賷 賵廿賳氐丕賮 賱賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳
賵賰賲 兀賳 亘毓囟 丕賱賯乇丕亍 卮毓乇 亘鬲賴賲賷卮 賱賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻賷丞 貙 賵丕賯毓 丕賱兀賲乇 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲 賷乇賰夭 毓賱賷 丿賵賱丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賯丕賲鬲 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘賱 賰賱 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞
賮丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻 爻賵賮 賷爻賱胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 廿爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵賱賷爻 兀賵乇賵亘丕 責
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氐乇丕丨丞 賱賲 兀乇賷 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 廿賱丕 賰賱 賴賵 賲賮賷丿 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷 賵丨賷丕丿賷 賮賷 丕賱毓乇囟 賵賱賲 賷鬲丨賷夭 賱賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賵丕丨丿丞
賰賲 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨賵賷 毓氐丕乇丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞
賮鬲賱賰 丕賱丿乇丞 賷賯丿賲賴丕 賱賳丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷 噩賵賳 賴賷乇爻鬲 賰賴丿賷丞 賱賲賳 賴賲 賷卮毓乇賵賳 亘丕賱囟噩乇 賲賳 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓
賵賰賲丕 卮賰乇鬲 亘丿丕賷丞賸 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 兀毓賵丿 賱兀卮賰乇賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賷 丕賱丕賳 賱鬲乇噩賲鬲賴 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 丕賱賵丕賮賷丞
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賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賷噩亘 兀賳 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳賴 賲賰鬲亘賰
July 15, 2019
亘毓丿 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞貙 兀賯賵賱 兀賳 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶貙 丨鬲賷 賵廿賳 賯賷賱 毓賳賴 賵噩賷夭.
賮丕賱廿賷噩丕夭 廿賳 賰丕賳 賷禺賱貙 賮賱丕 丿丕毓賷 賲賳賴貙 兀賵 賲賳 兀賳 賳購爻賲賷 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 兀賳賴 賵噩賷夭貙 賱匕丕 鬲睾丕囟賷鬲 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘乇賶 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱鬲賷 毓乇囟賴丕 廿禺鬲氐丕乇丕賸貙 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丿賵賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 丿賵賱 賲孬賱 乇賵爻賷丕 賵鬲乇賰賷丕 賵廿爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵丕賱賳賲爻丕 賵丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱賲 賷賲乇 毓賱賷賴賲 廿賱丕 氐丿賮丞 兀賵 夭賷丕乇丞貙 賱賳 兀夭賷丿 毓賳 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賱賰賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賱丌賳 兀賳 兀賯賵賱 丕賱賲丨丕賵乇 丕賱鬲賷 賷乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賴賷 丕賱氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱孬賵乇丞 賵丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 卮賰賱鬲 賲賱丕賲丨 兀賵乇賵亘丕 毓亘乇 丕賱夭賲丕賳貙 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丨鬲賶 毓賴丿 賯乇賷亘 乇兀賷賳丕賴丕 鬲丐孬乇 賮賷 賮賰乇 賵鬲賵爻毓丕鬲 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱胤睾丕賴 賲賳 丨賰丕賲 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳.
賰賳鬲 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 賷囟丕賮 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲賲 賮賷賴 丕賱鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵鬲鬲亘毓 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘賷 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賱賱賯丕乇丞 賵賱賰賳 賴匕丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕賸 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 賷賲賰賳賰 兀賳 鬲乇丕賴 賮賷 爻胤乇 賲孬賱丕賸 賲賳 賰賱 锟斤拷氐賱 賵賱賰賳賴 丿賵賳 毓賲丿丕賸 賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 .. 賰賲丕 兀賳賷 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲乇丞 賱丕丨馗鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱爻賲賵 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵廿賳 賱賲 賷賰賳 賯丕賱 匕賱賰 賲亘丕卮乇丞貙 賵禺氐賵氐丕賸 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕.. 賵賱賰賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀賲賵乇 賱賷爻鬲 亘丕賱賲賮爻丿丞 毓賱賷賰 賯乇丕卅鬲賰 賱賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵兀賳丕 丨鬲賶 賱丕 兀賱賵賲賴 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賵噩賴 賮丕賱賳氐 賷鬲兀孬乇 亘賱丕 卮賰 亘賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇丞 賰丕鬲亘賴貙 賵毓賱賷 丕賱賯丕乇卅 兀賳 賷賳鬲賯賷 賵賷賮賴賲 賲賳 亘賷賳 丕賱爻胤賵乇 丕賱賵噩賴丞 丕賱氐丨賷丨丞 賱賱兀賲乇 賵賷亘丨孬 賵乇丕亍 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 廿匕丕 廿爻鬲胤丕毓 賱匕賱賰 爻亘賷賱丕貙 賵兀賯賵賱 兀賳賷 賯乇兀鬲賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶貙 賵賱丕 卮賰 爻兀賯乇兀賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱 賵乇亘賲丕 賲乇丕鬲貙 賮丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 賵爻賱爻 賵賲賰鬲賵亘 賮賷 毓乇囟 賲卮賵賯 亘兀爻賱賵亘 乇丕卅毓 賵鬲乇噩賲丞 賲丨鬲乇賮丞.
賮丕賱廿賷噩丕夭 廿賳 賰丕賳 賷禺賱貙 賮賱丕 丿丕毓賷 賲賳賴貙 兀賵 賲賳 兀賳 賳購爻賲賷 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 兀賳賴 賵噩賷夭貙 賱匕丕 鬲睾丕囟賷鬲 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘乇賶 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱鬲賷 毓乇囟賴丕 廿禺鬲氐丕乇丕賸貙 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丿賵賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳 丿賵賱 賲孬賱 乇賵爻賷丕 賵鬲乇賰賷丕 賵廿爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵丕賱賳賲爻丕 賵丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱賲 賷賲乇 毓賱賷賴賲 廿賱丕 氐丿賮丞 兀賵 夭賷丕乇丞貙 賱賳 兀夭賷丿 毓賳 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賱賰賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賱丌賳 兀賳 兀賯賵賱 丕賱賲丨丕賵乇 丕賱鬲賷 賷乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賴賷 丕賱氐乇丕毓 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱孬賵乇丞 賵丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 卮賰賱鬲 賲賱丕賲丨 兀賵乇賵亘丕 毓亘乇 丕賱夭賲丕賳貙 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丨鬲賶 毓賴丿 賯乇賷亘 乇兀賷賳丕賴丕 鬲丐孬乇 賮賷 賮賰乇 賵鬲賵爻毓丕鬲 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱胤睾丕賴 賲賳 丨賰丕賲 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳.
賰賳鬲 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 賷囟丕賮 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲賲 賮賷賴 丕賱鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵鬲鬲亘毓 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘賷 賵丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賱賱賯丕乇丞 賵賱賰賳 賴匕丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕賸 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 賷賲賰賳賰 兀賳 鬲乇丕賴 賮賷 爻胤乇 賲孬賱丕賸 賲賳 賰賱 锟斤拷氐賱 賵賱賰賳賴 丿賵賳 毓賲丿丕賸 賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 .. 賰賲丕 兀賳賷 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲乇丞 賱丕丨馗鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 賲賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱爻賲賵 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵廿賳 賱賲 賷賰賳 賯丕賱 匕賱賰 賲亘丕卮乇丞貙 賵禺氐賵氐丕賸 丕賱鬲丨賷夭 賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕.. 賵賱賰賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀賲賵乇 賱賷爻鬲 亘丕賱賲賮爻丿丞 毓賱賷賰 賯乇丕卅鬲賰 賱賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵兀賳丕 丨鬲賶 賱丕 兀賱賵賲賴 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賵噩賴 賮丕賱賳氐 賷鬲兀孬乇 亘賱丕 卮賰 亘賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇丞 賰丕鬲亘賴貙 賵毓賱賷 丕賱賯丕乇卅 兀賳 賷賳鬲賯賷 賵賷賮賴賲 賲賳 亘賷賳 丕賱爻胤賵乇 丕賱賵噩賴丞 丕賱氐丨賷丨丞 賱賱兀賲乇 賵賷亘丨孬 賵乇丕亍 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 廿匕丕 廿爻鬲胤丕毓 賱匕賱賰 爻亘賷賱丕貙 賵兀賯賵賱 兀賳賷 賯乇兀鬲賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶貙 賵賱丕 卮賰 爻兀賯乇兀賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱 賵乇亘賲丕 賲乇丕鬲貙 賮丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 賵爻賱爻 賵賲賰鬲賵亘 賮賷 毓乇囟 賲卮賵賯 亘兀爻賱賵亘 乇丕卅毓 賵鬲乇噩賲丞 賲丨鬲乇賮丞.
February 7, 2020
螤慰位蠉 魏伪蟿伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿锟斤拷魏蠈 尾喂尾位委慰. 螤慰位蠉 蟺喂慰 魏伪蟿伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 伪蟺蠈 蠈蟿喂 蟺蔚蟻委渭蔚谓伪 蠈蟿伪谓 蟿慰 伪纬蠈蟻伪蟽伪. 螠蔚 蔚尉苇蟺位畏尉蔚 蟿慰 蟺慰蟽蠈 蟽蠀谓慰蟺蟿喂魏蠈 魏伪喂 慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 萎蟿伪谓. 围蠅蟻委蟼 蟺慰位位维 慰谓蠈渭伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 畏渭蔚蟻慰渭畏谓委蔚蟼, 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 渭伪蟼 蟺蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 蠁蟿维蟽伪渭蔚 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 巍蠋渭畏 蟽蟿慰 蟽萎渭蔚蟻伪. 螠蔚蟻喂魏苇蟼 蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 魏维谓慰蠀渭蔚 苇谓伪 尾萎渭伪 蟺委蟽蠅 魏伪喂 谓伪 未慰蠉渭蔚 蟿畏谓 魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽畏 慰位喂蟽蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰蟽蟿伪蟽喂慰蟺慰喂畏渭苇谓伪. 螒蠀蟿萎 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰蟽苇纬纬喂蟽畏 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰喂蔚委 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 纬喂伪 谓伪 伪谓伪未蔚委尉蔚喂 蟿慰 胃蔚蠅蟻畏蟿喂魏蠈 蠀蟺蠈尾伪胃蟻慰 蟺慰蠀 伪谓苇未蔚喂尉蔚 蟿慰谓 蔚蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏蠈 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭蠈 蠅蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟻蠂慰 伪谓维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 维位位慰蠀蟼.
December 24, 2022
喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔⑧父喙傕福喔涏笚喔掂箞喔笝喔膏竵喔椸傅喙堗釜喔膏笖喙€喔ム箞喔∴斧喔權付喙堗竾喔椸傅喙堗箑喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝 (喔堗覆喔佮笚喔掂箞喙€喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝喔∴覆喔弗喔侧涪喔复喔氞箑喔ム箞喔�) 喙€喔傕傅喔⑧笝喙傕笖喔⑧笝喔编竵喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶箒喔ム赴喔權副喔佮抚喔脆笀喔侧福喔撪箤喔娻覆喔о腑喔釜喙€喔曕福喙€喔ム傅喔� 喙佮笡喔ム腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔｀覆喔氞福喔粪箞喔權浮喔侧竵喙傕笖喔� 喔о福喔脆辅喔� 喔佮复喔曕笗喔脆竸喔膏笓喙€喔福喔� 喔复喙堗竾喔椸傅喙堗笝喙堗覆喔椸付喙堗竾喔椸傅喙堗釜喔膏笖喙冟笝喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喔勦阜喔竸喔о覆喔∴笂喔侧笉喔夃弗喔侧笖喙佮弗喔班箒喔⑧笟喔⑧弗喔傕腑喔囙笢喔灌箟喙€喔傕傅喔⑧笝喙冟笝喔佮覆喔｀笗喔掂竵喔｀腑喔氞箒喔ム赴喔о覆喔斷笭喔侧笧 鈥溹腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞斧喔ム副喔佲€� 喔福喔粪腑 鈥溹箒喔佮笝喔佮弗喔侧竾鈥� 喔傕腑喔囙笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸抚喔掂笡 (喔斷复喔權箒喔斷笝喔椸傅喙堗釜喔∴覆喔娻复喔佮箒喔曕箞喔ム赴喔涏福喔班箑喔椸辅喔∴傅喔勦抚喔侧浮喙佮笗喔佮笗喙堗覆喔囙斧喔ム覆喔佮斧喔ム覆喔⑧浮喔覆喔ㄠ覆喔�) 喙佮弗喔班箑喔權箟喔權竵喔侧福喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喔椸傅喙堗浮喔侧箒喔ム赴喔勦抚喔侧浮喙€喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔ム竾喔傕腑喔� 鈥溹腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞斧喔ム副喔佲€� 喙€喔弗喙堗覆喔權副喙夃笝 喙佮笚喔權笚喔掂箞喔堗赴喙勦弗喙堗箑喔｀傅喔⑧竾喙€喔笗喔膏竵喔侧福喔撪箤喙佮弗喔班笟喔膏竸喔勦弗喔曕箞喔侧竾喙� 喙冟笝喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶箒喔氞笟喔椸傅喙堗斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶浮喔编竵喔堗赴喔椸赋喔佮副喔� (喔嬥付喙堗竾喔佮箛喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃浮喔编笝喔笝喔侧浮喔侧竵!)
鈥溹腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞斧喔ム副喔佲€� 喔椸傅喙� John Hirst 喔氞腑喔佮抚喙堗覆喔涏福喔班竵喔笟喔福喙夃覆喔囙箑喔涏箛喔� 鈥溹腑喔侧福喔⑧笜喔｀福喔∴涪喔膏箓喔｀笡鈥� 喙勦笖喙夃箒喔佮箞 喔о副喔掄笝喔樴福喔｀浮喔佮福喔掂竵喙佮弗喔班箓喔｀浮喔编笝 喔ㄠ覆喔笝喔侧竸喔｀复喔笗喙� 喙佮弗喔班抚喔编笒喔權笜喔｀福喔∴競喔竾喔權副喔佮福喔氞笂喔權箑喔溹箞喔侧箑喔⑧腑喔｀浮喔编笝喔弗喔侧涪喙€喔溹箞喔侧笚喔掂箞喔⑧竵喔椸副喔炧浮喔侧笟喔膏竵喔堗副喔佮福喔о福喔｀笖喔脆箓喔｀浮喔编笝 喔曕弗喔笖喔椸副喙夃竾喙€喔ム箞喔∴箑喔傕覆喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喔椸傅喙堗浮喔侧笚喔掂箞喙勦笡喙佮弗喔班竸喔о覆喔∴竸喔脆笖喔弗喔编竵喙� 喙冟笝喔竾喔勦箤喔涏福喔班竵喔笟喔覆喔∴腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔權傅喙� 喙佮弗喔班笗喔脆笖喔曕覆喔∴笖喔灌竵喔侧福喙€喔傕箟喔侧浮喔侧笡喔班笚喔班釜喔编竾喔副喔權笚喔權箤喙佮弗喔班竵喔侧福喙€喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔ム竾喔傕腑喔囙腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞笚喔编箟喔囙釜喔侧浮 (喔嬥付喙堗竾喔佮覆喔｀箑喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔ム竾喙冟笝喙佮笗喙堗弗喔班笂喙堗抚喔囙箑喔о弗喔侧竵喙囙浮喔编竵喔堗赴喔權赋喔∴覆喔嬥付喙堗竾喔佮覆喔｀箒喔氞箞喔� 鈥溹涪喔膏竸鈥� 喔曕箞喔侧竾喙� 喔傕腑喔囙笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔⑧父喙傕福喔� 喙€喔娻箞喔� 喔⑧父喔勦竸喔ム覆喔釜喔脆竵 喔⑧父喔勦竵喔ム覆喔� 喔⑧父喔勦福喔灌箟喙佮笀喙夃竾 喔弗喔� 喙佮笟喔氞笚喔掂箞喔權副喔佮笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸赋喙冟笝喔涏副喔堗笀喔膏笟喔编笝)
喔佮弗喔о复喔樴傅喔權傅喙夃競喔竾喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃箑喔｀覆喙勦浮喙堗箑喔炧傅喔⑧竾喙佮笗喙堗箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喙冟笝喔犩覆喔炧竵喔о箟喔侧竾喔傕腑喔囙涪喔膏箓喔｀笡喙€喔椸箞喔侧笝喔编箟喔� 喙佮笗喙堗涪喔编竾喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔栢箞喔竾喙佮笚喙夃竵喔о箞喔侧箑喔斷复喔∴笘喔多竾喔｀腹喔涏箒喔氞笟喔佮覆喔｀笡喔佮竸喔｀腑喔囙箖喔權箒喔曕箞喔ム赴喔⑧父喔勦抚喙堗覆喙€喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙勦笡喙€喔涏箛喔權箒喔氞笟喙勦斧喔權箑喔炧福喔侧赴喔赴喙勦福 喔椸副喙夃竾喙€喔ム箞喔∴箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔佮福喔班笂喔编笟喔堗副喔氞箖喔� 喙冟笂喙夃箒喔溹笝喔溹副喔囙笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞竵喔侧福喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喙€喔ム箛喔佮笝喙夃腑喔� (喙佮笗喙堗笚喔膏竵喙佮笢喔權笢喔编竾喔勦阜喔笖喔掂竾喔侧浮喔∴覆喔�) 喔堗笟喔佮覆喔｀箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙笂喙堗抚喔囙釜喔囙竸喔｀覆喔∴箓喔ム竵喔勦福喔编箟喔囙笚喔掂箞喔腑喔囙笧喔笖喔� 喙佮笘喔∴涪喔编竾喔∴傅喔勦抚喔侧浮喔⑧傅喔⑧抚喔權竵喔о笝喙傕腑喙娻涪喔炧腑喔涏福喔班浮喔侧笓 喙勦浮喙堗笚喔赤箖喔箟喔勦笝喔箞喔侧笝喔副喔氞釜喔權福喔班斧喔о箞喔侧竾喔傕箟喔箑喔椸箛喔堗笀喔｀复喔囙竵喔编笟喔傕箟喔釜喔编竾喙€喔佮笗 :> 喔福喔膏笡喔о箞喔侧笘喙夃覆喔椸副喙夃竾喔娻傅喔о复喔曕笗喔编箟喔囙箖喔堗笀喔班腑喙堗覆喔權斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶涪喔膏箓喔｀笡喙佮竸喙堗箑喔ム箞喔∴箑喔斷傅喔⑧抚喔椸傅喙堗斧喔權覆喔權箟喔涪喔佮抚喙堗覆 300 喔笝喙夃覆 喔佮箛喔勦抚喔｀腑喙堗覆喔權箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喔斷箟喔о涪喔涏福喔班竵喔侧福喔椸副喙夃竾喔涏抚喔�
鈥溹腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞斧喔ム副喔佲€� 喔椸傅喙� John Hirst 喔氞腑喔佮抚喙堗覆喔涏福喔班竵喔笟喔福喙夃覆喔囙箑喔涏箛喔� 鈥溹腑喔侧福喔⑧笜喔｀福喔∴涪喔膏箓喔｀笡鈥� 喙勦笖喙夃箒喔佮箞 喔о副喔掄笝喔樴福喔｀浮喔佮福喔掂竵喙佮弗喔班箓喔｀浮喔编笝 喔ㄠ覆喔笝喔侧竸喔｀复喔笗喙� 喙佮弗喔班抚喔编笒喔權笜喔｀福喔∴競喔竾喔權副喔佮福喔氞笂喔權箑喔溹箞喔侧箑喔⑧腑喔｀浮喔编笝喔弗喔侧涪喙€喔溹箞喔侧笚喔掂箞喔⑧竵喔椸副喔炧浮喔侧笟喔膏竵喔堗副喔佮福喔о福喔｀笖喔脆箓喔｀浮喔编笝 喔曕弗喔笖喔椸副喙夃竾喙€喔ム箞喔∴箑喔傕覆喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喔椸傅喙堗浮喔侧笚喔掂箞喙勦笡喙佮弗喔班竸喔о覆喔∴竸喔脆笖喔弗喔编竵喙� 喙冟笝喔竾喔勦箤喔涏福喔班竵喔笟喔覆喔∴腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔權傅喙� 喙佮弗喔班笗喔脆笖喔曕覆喔∴笖喔灌竵喔侧福喙€喔傕箟喔侧浮喔侧笡喔班笚喔班釜喔编竾喔副喔權笚喔權箤喙佮弗喔班竵喔侧福喙€喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔ム竾喔傕腑喔囙腑喔囙竸喙屶笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞笚喔编箟喔囙釜喔侧浮 (喔嬥付喙堗竾喔佮覆喔｀箑喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔ム竾喙冟笝喙佮笗喙堗弗喔班笂喙堗抚喔囙箑喔о弗喔侧竵喙囙浮喔编竵喔堗赴喔權赋喔∴覆喔嬥付喙堗竾喔佮覆喔｀箒喔氞箞喔� 鈥溹涪喔膏竸鈥� 喔曕箞喔侧竾喙� 喔傕腑喔囙笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔⑧父喙傕福喔� 喙€喔娻箞喔� 喔⑧父喔勦竸喔ム覆喔釜喔脆竵 喔⑧父喔勦竵喔ム覆喔� 喔⑧父喔勦福喔灌箟喙佮笀喙夃竾 喔弗喔� 喙佮笟喔氞笚喔掂箞喔權副喔佮笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸赋喙冟笝喔涏副喔堗笀喔膏笟喔编笝)
喔佮弗喔о复喔樴傅喔權傅喙夃競喔竾喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃箑喔｀覆喙勦浮喙堗箑喔炧傅喔⑧竾喙佮笗喙堗箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喙冟笝喔犩覆喔炧竵喔о箟喔侧竾喔傕腑喔囙涪喔膏箓喔｀笡喙€喔椸箞喔侧笝喔编箟喔� 喙佮笗喙堗涪喔编竾喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔栢箞喔竾喙佮笚喙夃竵喔о箞喔侧箑喔斷复喔∴笘喔多竾喔｀腹喔涏箒喔氞笟喔佮覆喔｀笡喔佮竸喔｀腑喔囙箖喔權箒喔曕箞喔ム赴喔⑧父喔勦抚喙堗覆喙€喔涏弗喔掂箞喔⑧笝喙勦笡喙€喔涏箛喔權箒喔氞笟喙勦斧喔權箑喔炧福喔侧赴喔赴喙勦福 喔椸副喙夃竾喙€喔ム箞喔∴箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔佮福喔班笂喔编笟喔堗副喔氞箖喔� 喙冟笂喙夃箒喔溹笝喔溹副喔囙笡喔｀赴喔佮腑喔氞竵喔侧福喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喙€喔ム箛喔佮笝喙夃腑喔� (喙佮笗喙堗笚喔膏竵喙佮笢喔權笢喔编竾喔勦阜喔笖喔掂竾喔侧浮喔∴覆喔�) 喔堗笟喔佮覆喔｀箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙笂喙堗抚喔囙釜喔囙竸喔｀覆喔∴箓喔ム竵喔勦福喔编箟喔囙笚喔掂箞喔腑喔囙笧喔笖喔� 喙佮笘喔∴涪喔编竾喔∴傅喔勦抚喔侧浮喔⑧傅喔⑧抚喔權竵喔о笝喙傕腑喙娻涪喔炧腑喔涏福喔班浮喔侧笓 喙勦浮喙堗笚喔赤箖喔箟喔勦笝喔箞喔侧笝喔副喔氞釜喔權福喔班斧喔о箞喔侧竾喔傕箟喔箑喔椸箛喔堗笀喔｀复喔囙竵喔编笟喔傕箟喔釜喔编竾喙€喔佮笗 :> 喔福喔膏笡喔о箞喔侧笘喙夃覆喔椸副喙夃竾喔娻傅喔о复喔曕笗喔编箟喔囙箖喔堗笀喔班腑喙堗覆喔權斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶涪喔膏箓喔｀笡喙佮竸喙堗箑喔ム箞喔∴箑喔斷傅喔⑧抚喔椸傅喙堗斧喔權覆喔權箟喔涪喔佮抚喙堗覆 300 喔笝喙夃覆 喔佮箛喔勦抚喔｀腑喙堗覆喔權箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喔斷箟喔о涪喔涏福喔班竵喔侧福喔椸副喙夃竾喔涏抚喔�
April 16, 2018
鬲毓丿 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 毓丕丿丞 兀賲乇丕 氐毓亘丕 貙 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱賴賵丕丞 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賲孬丕賱賷 貙 賮丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱毓噩賵夭 兀賲乇 囟乇賵乇賷 噩丿丕 賱賮賴賲 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲卮賰賱 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 丕賱賲賳鬲卮乇丞 丕賱賷賵賲... 賰丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱賯賵賲賷丞 賵丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞... 賵賳卮兀丞 丕賱亘乇賱賲丕賳丕鬲 賵丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞...
賱賴匕丕 貙 賷賯丿賲 丕賱賲丐乇禺 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷 賵丕賱兀爻鬲丕匕 丕賱噩丕賲毓賷 亘噩丕賲毓丞"賱丕鬲乇賵亘" 賮賷 賲丿賷賳丞 賲賱亘賵乇賳 丕賱丕爻鬲乇丕賱賷丞 噩賵賳 賴賷乇爻鬲... 賲賱禺氐丕 胤乇賷賮丕 賵禺賮賷賮丕 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷... 賲乇賰夭丕 毓賱賶 兀賴賲 丕賱丕丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丞 賱賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲賳鬲卮乇丞 丕賱賷賵賲. 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賷鬲丨丕卮賶 賲噩乇丿 丕賱爻乇丿 賮賯胤 賵廿賳賲丕 鬲匕賰賷乇 賱賱賯賷賲 賵丕賱賲亘丕丿卅 賵丕賱兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 鬲賯丿賲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱毓噩賵夭 氐賳丕毓賷丕 賵鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷賸賾丕 賵爻賷丕爻賷丕.. 賵賲乇賰夭丕 毓賱賶 兀賴賲 賲賰賵賳丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵 賰賷賮賷丞 鬲賮丕毓賱 毓賳丕氐乇 賴匕賴 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 亘兀爻賱賵亘 噩匕丕亘..
賱賴匕丕 貙 賷賯丿賲 丕賱賲丐乇禺 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷 賵丕賱兀爻鬲丕匕 丕賱噩丕賲毓賷 亘噩丕賲毓丞"賱丕鬲乇賵亘" 賮賷 賲丿賷賳丞 賲賱亘賵乇賳 丕賱丕爻鬲乇丕賱賷丞 噩賵賳 賴賷乇爻鬲... 賲賱禺氐丕 胤乇賷賮丕 賵禺賮賷賮丕 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷... 賲乇賰夭丕 毓賱賶 兀賴賲 丕賱丕丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丞 賱賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲賳鬲卮乇丞 丕賱賷賵賲. 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賷鬲丨丕卮賶 賲噩乇丿 丕賱爻乇丿 賮賯胤 賵廿賳賲丕 鬲匕賰賷乇 賱賱賯賷賲 賵丕賱賲亘丕丿卅 賵丕賱兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 鬲賯丿賲 丕賱賯丕乇丞 丕賱毓噩賵夭 氐賳丕毓賷丕 賵鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷賸賾丕 賵爻賷丕爻賷丕.. 賵賲乇賰夭丕 毓賱賶 兀賴賲 賲賰賵賳丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 賵 賰賷賮賷丞 鬲賮丕毓賱 毓賳丕氐乇 賴匕賴 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 亘兀爻賱賵亘 噩匕丕亘..
August 3, 2017
When I marked "read" for this book, I only meant read in so far as it only took me about 20 pages to discover this book is biased and in some cases kind of offensive. I would read "Europe: A History" instead. It may be the longest history of Europe, but it's informative, well-written, and much less biased (and when biased mostly tends to be honest about it).
December 3, 2023
鈥嬓椥靶承靶恍拘�, 褟 褋褌邪胁 薪邪 褋胁褨写芯屑芯 胁邪卸泻懈泄 褕谢褟褏 - 褏芯褌褨胁 蟹薪邪泄褌懈 褍 泻薪懈蟹褨 薪邪 200+ 褋褌芯褉褨薪芯泻 胁褋褨 胁褨写锌芯胁褨写褨 褌邪 锌芯褟褋薪械薪薪褟 褖芯写芯 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 蟹邪褉芯写卸褍胁邪谢邪褋褜 褌邪 褉芯蟹胁懈胁邪谢邪褋褜 袆胁褉芯锌邪. 袉 褑械泄 褕谢褟褏 斜褍胁 写芯胁芯谢褨 褌械褉薪懈褋褌懈屑. 袛械褋褜 泄褕谢芯 胁褋械 谢械谐泻芯, 邪 写械褋褜 锌芯褌褉邪锌谢褟胁 褍 斜芯谢芯褌芯 褨 胁芯胁褌褍蟹懈胁褋褟 褌邪屑.
袩芯褔邪谢芯褋褜 胁褋械 蟹 袛邪胁薪褜芯褩 袚褉械褑褨褩 褨 (芯 褌邪泻!) 袪懈屑褋褜泻芯褩 褨屑锌械褉褨褩. 袗胁褌芯褉 写褍卸械 写械褌邪谢褜薪芯 蟹褍锌懈薪懈胁褋褟 薪邪 褎褍薪写邪屑械薪褌褨, 褨 锌械胁薪芯 褑褟 褔邪褋褌懈薪邪 泻薪懈谐懈 屑械薪褨 褋锌芯写芯斜邪谢邪褋褜 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械. 袗薪褌懈褔薪褨褋褌褜, 写邪谢褨 小械褉械写薪褜芯胁褨褔薪邪 袆胁褉芯锌邪, 褨褌邪谢褨泄褋褜泻械 袙褨写褉芯写卸械薪薪褟, 薪褨屑械褑褜泻邪 袪械褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褟, 邪薪谐谢褨泄褋褜泻懈泄 锌邪褉谢邪屑械薪褌邪褉懈蟹屑, 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨泄薪芯-写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪褨 蟹屑褨薪懈 褍 肖褉邪薪褑褨褩 褨 褌邪泻 写邪谢褨. 笑械 斜褍谢芯 褋锌褉邪胁写褨 泻芯褉芯褌泻芯, 蟹 谢芯谐褨褔薪芯褞 锌芯斜褍写芯胁芯褞 (泻谢邪褋薪邪 褨写械褟 蟹 谐褉邪褎褨泻邪屑懈 褌邪 褋褌芯胁锌褔懈泻邪屑懈, 褟泻褨 胁械写褍褌褜 褔懈褌邪褔邪 蟹 泻谢褞褔芯胁懈屑懈 褌械蟹邪屑懈 胁褨写 邪薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌褨 褨 写邪谢褨), 邪谢械 写芯褋懈褌褜 薪械褉褨胁薪芯屑褨褉薪芯. 袧邪锌褉懈泻谢邪写, 锌褉芯 袩械褉褕褍 褋胁褨褌芯胁褍 - 蟹邪谐邪谢褜薪褨 褉懈褋懈, 邪 锌褉芯 袛褉褍谐褍 褋胁褨褌芯胁褍 褌邪屑 谢懈褕械 锌褉芯 袚褨褌谢械褉邪 写芯 10 褋褌芯褉褨薪芯泻 锌械胁薪芯. 袟邪谐邪谢芯屑, 褟泻褖芯 斜褉邪褌懈 褋褍褌褜, 褌芯 泻薪懈谐邪 褋胁芯褞 屑褨褋褨褞 胁懈泻芯薪褍褦 - 屑芯卸薪邪 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褨 锌芯斜邪褔懈褌懈 褌邪泻懈泄 褋褟泻懈泄 屑邪谢褞薪芯泻 褨 谢芯谐褨泻褍 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 褋褍褔邪褋薪邪 袆胁褉芯锌邪 褋褌邪谢邪 褌邪泻芯褞, 褟泻芯褞 褋褌邪谢邪 (邪谢械 胁褉邪褏褍泄褌械, 褖芯 锌械褉褨芯写 锌褨褋谢褟 褋邪屑芯谐褍斜褋褌胁邪 袚褨褌谢械褉邪 写芯 2000-褏 褉芯泻褨胁 - 褑械 写械褋褜 1,5 褋褌芯褉褨薪泻懈)
些芯写芯 褔懈褌邪斜械谢褜薪芯褋褌褨 - 褦 锌懈褌邪薪薪褟. 袗胁褌芯褉 谢褞斜懈褌褜 蟹邪薪褍褉褞胁邪褌懈褋褜 胁 褖芯褋褜 薪械胁邪卸谢懈胁械 邪斜芯 薪邪胁锌邪泻懈 - 锌褉芯斜褨谐邪褌懈 褌邪屑, 写械 胁邪褉褌芯 蟹褍锌懈薪懈褌懈褋褜. 笑械 胁锌谢懈胁邪褦 薪邪 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟 褌械泻褋褌褍, 褌邪泻械 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 邪胁褌芯褉 锌懈褋邪胁 胁褨写 薪邪褋褌褉芯褞 写芯 薪邪褋褌褉芯褞.
啸械写谢邪泄薪械褉懈 - 褑械 胁懈泻谢褞褔薪芯 写械泻褨谢褜泻邪 泻褉邪褩薪, 褟泻褨 褉芯斜懈谢懈 褨 褉芯斜谢褟褌褜 薪邪褋褌褉褨泄 袆胁褉芯锌懈. 袧褨屑械褔褔懈薪邪, 肖褉邪薪褑褨褟, 袗薪谐谢褨褟, 写械褋褜 袉褌邪谢褨褟 褌邪 袉褋锌邪薪褨褟, 褨 - 褌邪泻-褌邪泻 - 褉芯褋褨褟. 些芯 胁锌邪谢芯 胁 芯褔褨 - 卸芯写薪芯褩 蟹谐邪写泻懈 锌褉芯 校泻褉邪褩薪褍. 袛褍屑邪胁 斜褍写械 褏芯褔 褌邪屑, 写械 锌褉芯 褋褏褨写薪褍 锌芯胁芯褦薪薪褍 袆胁褉芯锌褍 - 邪谢械 薪褨褌. 小泻谢邪谢芯褋褜 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 邪胁褌芯褉 斜邪褔懈褌褜 袩芯谢褜褖褍, 邪 写邪谢褨 褉芯褋褨褞, 褨 薪褨斜懈 薪褨褔芯谐芯 屑褨卸 薪懈屑懈 薪械屑邪褦.
孝芯屑褍, 锌褨写褋褍屑芯胁褍褞褔懈, 屑芯卸薪邪 褋泻邪蟹邪褌懈, 褖芯 褑械 薪械 蟹芯胁褋褨屑 薪邪泄泻芯褉芯褌褕邪 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 袆胁褉芯锌懈. 笑械 薪邪泄泻芯褉芯褌褕邪 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 蟹邪褔邪褌泻褨胁 袆胁褉芯锌懈, 锌械胁薪懈褏 锌褉芯褑械褋褨胁 褨 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 泻褨谢褜泻芯褏 褦胁褉芯锌械泄褋褜泻懈褏 泻褉邪褩薪. 袙褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 褋褍斜'褦泻褌懈胁褨蟹屑 邪胁褌芯褉邪. 袗谢械 蟹邪谐邪谢芯屑 薪械锌芯谐邪薪芯, 胁褉邪褏芯胁褍褞褔懈 褋泻谢邪写薪褨褋褌褜 屑褨褋褨褩, 薪邪 褟泻褍 胁褨薪 锌褨写锌懈褋邪胁褋褟.
些械 斜褨谢褜褕械 胁褨写谐褍泻褨胁 褌邪 芯泻芯谢芯谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪芯谐芯 褕褍泻邪泄褌械 胁 屑芯褦屑褍 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁芯屑褍 斜谢芯蟹褨 胁
袩芯褔邪谢芯褋褜 胁褋械 蟹 袛邪胁薪褜芯褩 袚褉械褑褨褩 褨 (芯 褌邪泻!) 袪懈屑褋褜泻芯褩 褨屑锌械褉褨褩. 袗胁褌芯褉 写褍卸械 写械褌邪谢褜薪芯 蟹褍锌懈薪懈胁褋褟 薪邪 褎褍薪写邪屑械薪褌褨, 褨 锌械胁薪芯 褑褟 褔邪褋褌懈薪邪 泻薪懈谐懈 屑械薪褨 褋锌芯写芯斜邪谢邪褋褜 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械. 袗薪褌懈褔薪褨褋褌褜, 写邪谢褨 小械褉械写薪褜芯胁褨褔薪邪 袆胁褉芯锌邪, 褨褌邪谢褨泄褋褜泻械 袙褨写褉芯写卸械薪薪褟, 薪褨屑械褑褜泻邪 袪械褎芯褉屑邪褑褨褟, 邪薪谐谢褨泄褋褜泻懈泄 锌邪褉谢邪屑械薪褌邪褉懈蟹屑, 褉械胁芯谢褞褑褨泄薪芯-写械屑芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪褨 蟹屑褨薪懈 褍 肖褉邪薪褑褨褩 褨 褌邪泻 写邪谢褨. 笑械 斜褍谢芯 褋锌褉邪胁写褨 泻芯褉芯褌泻芯, 蟹 谢芯谐褨褔薪芯褞 锌芯斜褍写芯胁芯褞 (泻谢邪褋薪邪 褨写械褟 蟹 谐褉邪褎褨泻邪屑懈 褌邪 褋褌芯胁锌褔懈泻邪屑懈, 褟泻褨 胁械写褍褌褜 褔懈褌邪褔邪 蟹 泻谢褞褔芯胁懈屑懈 褌械蟹邪屑懈 胁褨写 邪薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌褨 褨 写邪谢褨), 邪谢械 写芯褋懈褌褜 薪械褉褨胁薪芯屑褨褉薪芯. 袧邪锌褉懈泻谢邪写, 锌褉芯 袩械褉褕褍 褋胁褨褌芯胁褍 - 蟹邪谐邪谢褜薪褨 褉懈褋懈, 邪 锌褉芯 袛褉褍谐褍 褋胁褨褌芯胁褍 褌邪屑 谢懈褕械 锌褉芯 袚褨褌谢械褉邪 写芯 10 褋褌芯褉褨薪芯泻 锌械胁薪芯. 袟邪谐邪谢芯屑, 褟泻褖芯 斜褉邪褌懈 褋褍褌褜, 褌芯 泻薪懈谐邪 褋胁芯褞 屑褨褋褨褞 胁懈泻芯薪褍褦 - 屑芯卸薪邪 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褨 锌芯斜邪褔懈褌懈 褌邪泻懈泄 褋褟泻懈泄 屑邪谢褞薪芯泻 褨 谢芯谐褨泻褍 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 褋褍褔邪褋薪邪 袆胁褉芯锌邪 褋褌邪谢邪 褌邪泻芯褞, 褟泻芯褞 褋褌邪谢邪 (邪谢械 胁褉邪褏褍泄褌械, 褖芯 锌械褉褨芯写 锌褨褋谢褟 褋邪屑芯谐褍斜褋褌胁邪 袚褨褌谢械褉邪 写芯 2000-褏 褉芯泻褨胁 - 褑械 写械褋褜 1,5 褋褌芯褉褨薪泻懈)
些芯写芯 褔懈褌邪斜械谢褜薪芯褋褌褨 - 褦 锌懈褌邪薪薪褟. 袗胁褌芯褉 谢褞斜懈褌褜 蟹邪薪褍褉褞胁邪褌懈褋褜 胁 褖芯褋褜 薪械胁邪卸谢懈胁械 邪斜芯 薪邪胁锌邪泻懈 - 锌褉芯斜褨谐邪褌懈 褌邪屑, 写械 胁邪褉褌芯 蟹褍锌懈薪懈褌懈褋褜. 笑械 胁锌谢懈胁邪褦 薪邪 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟 褌械泻褋褌褍, 褌邪泻械 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 邪胁褌芯褉 锌懈褋邪胁 胁褨写 薪邪褋褌褉芯褞 写芯 薪邪褋褌褉芯褞.
啸械写谢邪泄薪械褉懈 - 褑械 胁懈泻谢褞褔薪芯 写械泻褨谢褜泻邪 泻褉邪褩薪, 褟泻褨 褉芯斜懈谢懈 褨 褉芯斜谢褟褌褜 薪邪褋褌褉褨泄 袆胁褉芯锌懈. 袧褨屑械褔褔懈薪邪, 肖褉邪薪褑褨褟, 袗薪谐谢褨褟, 写械褋褜 袉褌邪谢褨褟 褌邪 袉褋锌邪薪褨褟, 褨 - 褌邪泻-褌邪泻 - 褉芯褋褨褟. 些芯 胁锌邪谢芯 胁 芯褔褨 - 卸芯写薪芯褩 蟹谐邪写泻懈 锌褉芯 校泻褉邪褩薪褍. 袛褍屑邪胁 斜褍写械 褏芯褔 褌邪屑, 写械 锌褉芯 褋褏褨写薪褍 锌芯胁芯褦薪薪褍 袆胁褉芯锌褍 - 邪谢械 薪褨褌. 小泻谢邪谢芯褋褜 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟, 褖芯 邪胁褌芯褉 斜邪褔懈褌褜 袩芯谢褜褖褍, 邪 写邪谢褨 褉芯褋褨褞, 褨 薪褨斜懈 薪褨褔芯谐芯 屑褨卸 薪懈屑懈 薪械屑邪褦.
孝芯屑褍, 锌褨写褋褍屑芯胁褍褞褔懈, 屑芯卸薪邪 褋泻邪蟹邪褌懈, 褖芯 褑械 薪械 蟹芯胁褋褨屑 薪邪泄泻芯褉芯褌褕邪 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 袆胁褉芯锌懈. 笑械 薪邪泄泻芯褉芯褌褕邪 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 蟹邪褔邪褌泻褨胁 袆胁褉芯锌懈, 锌械胁薪懈褏 锌褉芯褑械褋褨胁 褨 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 泻褨谢褜泻芯褏 褦胁褉芯锌械泄褋褜泻懈褏 泻褉邪褩薪. 袙褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 褋褍斜'褦泻褌懈胁褨蟹屑 邪胁褌芯褉邪. 袗谢械 蟹邪谐邪谢芯屑 薪械锌芯谐邪薪芯, 胁褉邪褏芯胁褍褞褔懈 褋泻谢邪写薪褨褋褌褜 屑褨褋褨褩, 薪邪 褟泻褍 胁褨薪 锌褨写锌懈褋邪胁褋褟.
些械 斜褨谢褜褕械 胁褨写谐褍泻褨胁 褌邪 芯泻芯谢芯谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪芯谐芯 褕褍泻邪泄褌械 胁 屑芯褦屑褍 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁芯屑褍 斜谢芯蟹褨 胁
March 1, 2019
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賱賲賳 賷丨亘 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇賵亘丕.
丨賷孬 氐亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 鬲乇賰賷夭賴 亘丿丕賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞貙 賵丕亘乇夭 丕賱賲賰賵賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 卮賰賱鬲賴丕貙 賵賯丿 賱禺氐賴丕 賮賷 丕賱丕乇孬 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 丕賱丕睾乇賷賯賷 賲毓 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷 賵丕禺賷乇丕 丕賱睾夭丕丞 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 丕鬲賵丕 賲賳 卮賲丕賱 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻.
亘毓丿賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 鬲丨賵賱 賱丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 乇賵賲丕貙 丨賷孬 鬲丨賵賱鬲 賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱賶 賲賳氐亘(亘囟賲 丕賱賲賷賲) 賱賱兀亘丕胤乇丞 丕賲丕 亘賮乇賳爻丕 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞(卮丕乇賱賲丕賳)貙 孬賲 賮賷 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨賰賲賵丕 賮賷賴丕 賱賵賯鬲 胤賵賷賱貙 賲爻鬲丨賵匕賷賳 毓賱賶 賳氐賮 丕賱丕乇丕囟賷 亘賴丕貙 賲賯丕亘賱 丕賱毓亘丕亍丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳賵丕 賷賵賮乇賵賳賴丕 賱賱賲賱賰 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賷丨賲賷 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賮丕鬲賷賰丕賳 賮賷 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 丕賱賲囟胤乇亘丞..賱賰賳 賴匕丕 丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賶 馗賴賵乇 卮禺氐賷丞 丿賷賳賷丞 爻鬲丐孬乇 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷貙 賵賴賵 賲丕乇鬲賳 賱賵孬乇貙 亘丕毓孬 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕貙 丕賱鬲賷 賯賵囟鬲 毓乇卮 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞貙 賵睾賷乇鬲 賮賴賲 丕賱賳丕爻 賱賱賲爻賷丨賷丞貙 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賳 鬲乇噩賲鬲 賱賵孬乇 賱賱丕賳噩賷賱 丕賱賶 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓丿賴丕 毓丕賱噩 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞貙 賵丕賰孬乇 賲賵囟賵毓 卮丿賳賷 賴賵 丕賱賱睾丞. 賴賱 鬲爻丕亍賱鬲 賷賵賲丕 毓賳 爻亘亘 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 丕賱賰亘賷乇 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞貙 賴乇爻鬲 賲丐賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷丨丿丿 丕賱毓丕卅賱丕鬲 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 賮賷 賰丕賲賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕貙 賵賷鬲囟丨 賱賳丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 卮乇丨賴貙 丕賳 賴噩乇丕鬲 噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 丕賳鬲賯賱鬲 丕賱賶 丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕貙 賰賲丕 賯丕賲 丕賱賰賱鬲賷賰 賴賳丕賰 亘丕賱賮乇丕乇 賲賳 亘胤卮 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賶 丕賯賱賷賲 賷賯毓 亘賷賳 賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕爻亘丕賳賷丕貙 賷毓乇賮 丕賱賷賵賲 亘丕賱亘丕爻賰貙 賵丕賱賰賱 賷毓賱賲 丕賳 賮賷 丕賱亘丕爻賰 賱睾丞 丕禺乇賶 賱丕 鬲卮亘賴 亘鬲丕鬲丕 丕賱丕爻亘丕賳賷丞 丕賵 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 丕賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞..賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 丕賱丨丕賰賲丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賴賷 丕賱乇賵賲賳爻賷丞貙 丕賵 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 亘丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞貙 賵賳乇丕賴丕 賮賷 孬賱丕孬 丿賵賱 乇卅賷爻賷丞 賴賷 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 賵丕爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱丕禺賷乇丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 鬲胤乇賯 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱賱賲鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿賷孬 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 亘毓丿 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱氐賳丕毓賷丞貙 禺丕氐丞 丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丿丕賮毓鬲 毓賳 丕賱毓賲丕賱貙 賰賲丕 鬲胤乇賯 賵亘丕爻賴丕亘 賱賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞貙 賱賷禺鬲賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱丨乇亘賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷鬲賷賳.
爻噩賱鬲 鬲丨賮馗賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱丕賵賱 賮賷 丕賴賲丕賱 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 _乇亘賲丕 賱兀賳賳賷 丕賳鬲賲賷 賳馗乇賷丕 賱賴匕賴 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞_ 賮賷 亘毓孬 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻 毓卮乇. 賵丕賱鬲丨賮馗 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 賯賷丕賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘丨爻賲 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱賲丨乇賯丞 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 亘賳丕亍 毓賱賶 鬲禺賲賷賳丕鬲 丿賵賳 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賷 丿賱賷賱貙 丨賷孬 丕賰鬲賮賶 亘丕賱丕卮丕乇丞 丕賱丕 丕賳賴 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 爻噩賱丕鬲 鬲毓胤賷 丕賱丕賲乇 賱賱噩賷卮 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 亘丨乇賯 丕賱賷賴賵丿貙 乇睾賲 賴匕丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 鬲丨丿孬..賵賱丕 兀乇賶 卮禺氐賷丕 丕賷 丿丕賮毓 賱賴鬲賱乇 丨鬲賶 賷乇睾亘 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻鬲乇 毓賱賶 丨乇賯(6 賲賱丕賷賷賳 賷賴賵丿賷) 賮賷 丨賷賳 賱胤丕賱賲丕 氐乇丨 亘賰乇賴賴 賱賴賲.
丨賷孬 氐亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 鬲乇賰賷夭賴 亘丿丕賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞貙 賵丕亘乇夭 丕賱賲賰賵賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 卮賰賱鬲賴丕貙 賵賯丿 賱禺氐賴丕 賮賷 丕賱丕乇孬 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 丕賱丕睾乇賷賯賷 賲毓 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷 賵丕禺賷乇丕 丕賱睾夭丕丞 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 丕鬲賵丕 賲賳 卮賲丕賱 丕賱丕賲亘乇丕胤賵乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻.
亘毓丿賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 鬲丨賵賱 賱丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 乇賵賲丕貙 丨賷孬 鬲丨賵賱鬲 賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱賶 賲賳氐亘(亘囟賲 丕賱賲賷賲) 賱賱兀亘丕胤乇丞 丕賲丕 亘賮乇賳爻丕 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞(卮丕乇賱賲丕賳)貙 孬賲 賮賷 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨賰賲賵丕 賮賷賴丕 賱賵賯鬲 胤賵賷賱貙 賲爻鬲丨賵匕賷賳 毓賱賶 賳氐賮 丕賱丕乇丕囟賷 亘賴丕貙 賲賯丕亘賱 丕賱毓亘丕亍丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳賵丕 賷賵賮乇賵賳賴丕 賱賱賲賱賰 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賷丨賲賷 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賮丕鬲賷賰丕賳 賮賷 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 丕賱賲囟胤乇亘丞..賱賰賳 賴匕丕 丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賶 馗賴賵乇 卮禺氐賷丞 丿賷賳賷丞 爻鬲丐孬乇 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷貙 賵賴賵 賲丕乇鬲賳 賱賵孬乇貙 亘丕毓孬 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕貙 丕賱鬲賷 賯賵囟鬲 毓乇卮 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞貙 賵睾賷乇鬲 賮賴賲 丕賱賳丕爻 賱賱賲爻賷丨賷丞貙 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賳 鬲乇噩賲鬲 賱賵孬乇 賱賱丕賳噩賷賱 丕賱賶 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓丿賴丕 毓丕賱噩 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞貙 賵丕賰孬乇 賲賵囟賵毓 卮丿賳賷 賴賵 丕賱賱睾丞. 賴賱 鬲爻丕亍賱鬲 賷賵賲丕 毓賳 爻亘亘 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 丕賱賰亘賷乇 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞貙 賴乇爻鬲 賲丐賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷丨丿丿 丕賱毓丕卅賱丕鬲 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 賮賷 賰丕賲賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕貙 賵賷鬲囟丨 賱賳丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 卮乇丨賴貙 丕賳 賴噩乇丕鬲 噩乇賲丕賳賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 丕賳鬲賯賱鬲 丕賱賶 丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕貙 賰賲丕 賯丕賲 丕賱賰賱鬲賷賰 賴賳丕賰 亘丕賱賮乇丕乇 賲賳 亘胤卮 丕賱噩乇賲丕賳 丕賱賶 丕賯賱賷賲 賷賯毓 亘賷賳 賮乇賳爻丕 賵丕爻亘丕賳賷丕貙 賷毓乇賮 丕賱賷賵賲 亘丕賱亘丕爻賰貙 賵丕賱賰賱 賷毓賱賲 丕賳 賮賷 丕賱亘丕爻賰 賱睾丞 丕禺乇賶 賱丕 鬲卮亘賴 亘鬲丕鬲丕 丕賱丕爻亘丕賳賷丞 丕賵 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 丕賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞..賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 丕賱丨丕賰賲丞 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賴賷 丕賱乇賵賲賳爻賷丞貙 丕賵 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 亘丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞貙 賵賳乇丕賴丕 賮賷 孬賱丕孬 丿賵賱 乇卅賷爻賷丞 賴賷 丕賷胤丕賱賷丕 賵丕爻亘丕賳賷丕 賵賮乇賳爻丕.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱丕禺賷乇丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 鬲胤乇賯 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱賱賲鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿賷孬 賮賷 丕賵乇賵亘丕 亘毓丿 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱氐賳丕毓賷丞貙 禺丕氐丞 丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丿丕賮毓鬲 毓賳 丕賱毓賲丕賱貙 賰賲丕 鬲胤乇賯 賵亘丕爻賴丕亘 賱賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞貙 賱賷禺鬲賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱丨乇亘賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷鬲賷賳.
爻噩賱鬲 鬲丨賮馗賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱丕賵賱 賮賷 丕賴賲丕賱 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 _乇亘賲丕 賱兀賳賳賷 丕賳鬲賲賷 賳馗乇賷丕 賱賴匕賴 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞_ 賮賷 亘毓孬 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱禺丕賲爻 毓卮乇. 賵丕賱鬲丨賮馗 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 賯賷丕賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘丨爻賲 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱賲丨乇賯丞 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 亘賳丕亍 毓賱賶 鬲禺賲賷賳丕鬲 丿賵賳 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賷 丿賱賷賱貙 丨賷孬 丕賰鬲賮賶 亘丕賱丕卮丕乇丞 丕賱丕 丕賳賴 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 爻噩賱丕鬲 鬲毓胤賷 丕賱丕賲乇 賱賱噩賷卮 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 亘丨乇賯 丕賱賷賴賵丿貙 乇睾賲 賴匕丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 鬲丨丿孬..賵賱丕 兀乇賶 卮禺氐賷丕 丕賷 丿丕賮毓 賱賴鬲賱乇 丨鬲賶 賷乇睾亘 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻鬲乇 毓賱賶 丨乇賯(6 賲賱丕賷賷賳 賷賴賵丿賷) 賮賷 丨賷賳 賱胤丕賱賲丕 氐乇丨 亘賰乇賴賴 賱賴賲.
March 17, 2019
螠喂伪 伪蟺位萎 蔚蠉蟺蔚蟺蟿畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟺蟻慰蟽喂蟿萎 蟽蟿慰谓 魏维胃蔚 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏. 螠蔚蟻喂魏维 魏蔚蠁维位伪喂伪, 蔚喂未喂魏维 伪蠀蟿维 蟿畏蟼 渭蔚蟽伪喂蠅谓喂魏萎蟼 螘蠀蟻蠋蟺畏蟼 胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪谓 谓伪 蔚委蠂伪谓 渭蔚纬伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻畏 蟽蠀谓慰蠂萎 魏伪喂 谓伪 萎蟿伪谓 蟺喂慰 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿维. 螤维谓蟿蠅蟼 苇谓伪 蠂蟻萎蟽喂渭慰 尾喂尾位委慰 纬喂伪 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蔚谓未喂伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 畏 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪
May 27, 2024
賴賱 噩丕亍 賵噩賷夭丕責 賳毓賲.
賱賰賳 賴賱 賷毓丿 賰丕賮賷丕 賵賲賱禺氐丕責 兀馗賳 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 賱丕.
賱賲 兀爻鬲胤毓 亘毓丿 鬲氐賳賷賮賴貙 賮賱丕 賲毓丕賷賷乇 賵丕囟丨丞 賷賯賵賲 毓賱賷賴丕 丕禺鬲夭丕賱賴 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷貙 賵廿賳賲丕 丕噩鬲賴丕丿 賮乇丿賷 賮賷 丕禺鬲夭丕賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 胤賵賷賱 賮賷 毓丿丞 氐賮丨丕鬲.
丕賳鬲賯丕卅賷貙 賲賯鬲囟亘貙 馗乇賷賮.
賱賰賳 賴賱 賷毓丿 賰丕賮賷丕 賵賲賱禺氐丕責 兀馗賳 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 賱丕.
賱賲 兀爻鬲胤毓 亘毓丿 鬲氐賳賷賮賴貙 賮賱丕 賲毓丕賷賷乇 賵丕囟丨丞 賷賯賵賲 毓賱賷賴丕 丕禺鬲夭丕賱賴 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷貙 賵廿賳賲丕 丕噩鬲賴丕丿 賮乇丿賷 賮賷 丕禺鬲夭丕賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 胤賵賷賱 賮賷 毓丿丞 氐賮丨丕鬲.
丕賳鬲賯丕卅賷貙 賲賯鬲囟亘貙 馗乇賷賮.
September 21, 2010
DURING READING:
John Hirst has been called "Australia's most innovative and penetrating historian" and the first thing I have learned from reading this book is that whoever said that is bloody well RIGHT!!!
What a relief to be reading the SHORTEST history of Europe - and at around 140 pages,( plus 10 maps and 22 illustrations ),that is exactly what it is.
What is MORE, he is putting IN what all those BIG HEAVY LENGTHY TOMES on European history LEAVE OUT!!!!
It's the BEST thing on European History I have ever read and it will be with me as a secret key whenever I do read another one.
So am I going to put in the spoilers which just about EVERYBODY on 欧宝娱乐 never fails to do by revealing this book's Distilled Essences??? None of my reviews give away the plot, but they do try to get you to read the book nevertheless!!! So.........NO!!!!
As the Little Red Hen more or less said:"Read it yourself!!!"
October 4, 2017
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賵 賰兀賳賰 鬲卮丕賴丿 賵孬丕卅賯賷 毓賱賷 National Geographic 賷丨賰賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘廿禺鬲氐丕乇.
July 24, 2019
3.5
A very good introduction for those who really do not know much about Europe as it gives you a quick overview of the main events that shaped Europe and its people. Their ethnic and cultural backgrounds, their languages, the political changes and the revolutions that made Europe what it is today.
However, its was oversimplified at times and the author let his own opinions, which weren't always clever, get into his stories sometimes.
Also, it mostly just focused on Britain, Germany, France, and sometimes Russia, which is totally understandable given their significance and the roles each of these countries played in shaping the Europe we know today but, still, there's more to Europe than these 3-4 countries and I just didn't appreciate how the rest of Europeans were ignored. I guess the author just needed this to be as short as possible but it just didn't feel like the history of ALL of Europe.
My favorite chapter is definitely the first one. The author did a great job explaining the 3 main factors that shaped Europe as we know it and how they intertwined despite their differences AND because of it.
Overall, it was a nice read and I would recommend it to anyone interested in knowing more about Europe in the fastest and simplest way which, after all, is exactly the reason why John Hirst wrote this book.
A very good introduction for those who really do not know much about Europe as it gives you a quick overview of the main events that shaped Europe and its people. Their ethnic and cultural backgrounds, their languages, the political changes and the revolutions that made Europe what it is today.
However, its was oversimplified at times and the author let his own opinions, which weren't always clever, get into his stories sometimes.
Also, it mostly just focused on Britain, Germany, France, and sometimes Russia, which is totally understandable given their significance and the roles each of these countries played in shaping the Europe we know today but, still, there's more to Europe than these 3-4 countries and I just didn't appreciate how the rest of Europeans were ignored. I guess the author just needed this to be as short as possible but it just didn't feel like the history of ALL of Europe.
My favorite chapter is definitely the first one. The author did a great job explaining the 3 main factors that shaped Europe as we know it and how they intertwined despite their differences AND because of it.
Overall, it was a nice read and I would recommend it to anyone interested in knowing more about Europe in the fastest and simplest way which, after all, is exactly the reason why John Hirst wrote this book.
November 4, 2023
喙佮笝喔班笝喔赤箑喔ム涪 喔副喙夃笝喔堗福喔脆竾 喙佮笗喙堗箘喔∴箞喙冟笂喙堗釜喔编箟喔權箒喔氞笟喙勦竵喙堗竵喔� 喙勦浮喙堗箖喔娻箞喔佮覆喔｀箑喔ム箞喔侧箒喔氞笟喔｀抚喔氞福喔编笖喔傕腑喙勦笡喔椸傅 喔∴副喔權竸喔粪腑喔佮覆喔｀箑喔ム箞喔侧笚喔掂箞喔佮福喔班笂喔编笟喙佮笗喙堗笧喔脆笘喔掂笧喔脆笘喔编笝 喔椸傅喙堗釜喔赤竸喔编笉 喔笝喔膏竵喔∴覆喔�! 喙傕笀喔椸涪喙屶競喔竾喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔竸喔粪腑 鈥溹笀喔囙箑喔ム箞喔侧笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸傅喙堗笅喔编笟喔嬥箟喔笝喙冟斧喙夃竸喔權笚喔编箞喔о箘喔涏笩喔编竾鈥�
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喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔曕傅喙傕笀喔椸涪喙屶箒喔曕竵喔佮福喔班笀喔膏涪喙勦笡喙€喔ム涪 喔勦抚喔侧浮喔斷傅喔囙覆喔∴競喔竾喔∴副喔權竸喔粪腑 喔∴副喔權箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙夃箑喔｀傅喔⑧竵喔｀箟喔竾喔赴喙勦福喔堗覆喔佮竸喔權腑喙堗覆喔權浮喔侧竵喔權副喔� 喔傕腑喙佮竸喙堗箘喔斷箟喙€喔｀复喙堗浮喔箞喔侧笝 喙佮弗喔班釜喔權父喔佮箘喔涏竵喔编笟喔∴副喔權竵喙囙笧喔�
.
喙€喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喔｀箟喔涪喙€喔｀傅喔⑧竾喔涪喙堗覆喔囙笡喔｀覆喔撪傅喔曕笟喔｀福喔堗竾喙€喔炧阜喙堗腑喔勦抚喔侧浮 鈥溹箑喔傕覆喙冟笀鈥� 喔∴覆喔佮竵喔о箞喔侧笚喔掂箞喔堗赴喙€喔涏箛喔權箘喔涏箑喔炧阜喙堗腑喔勦抚喔侧浮 鈥溹竸喔｀笟喔栢箟喔о笝喔浮喔氞腹喔｀笓喙屸€� 喙佮笟喔氞笚喔掂箞喔權副喔佮抚喔脆笂喔侧竵喔侧福喔娻腑喔氞笚喔� 喔椸傅喙堗笂喔笟喔椸傅喙堗釜喔膏笖喔勦阜喔箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙竵喔｀傅喔佮箓喔｀浮喔编笝喙勦笖喙夃釜喔權父喔佮笀喔｀复喔囙箚 喙佮笢喔權笭喔侧笧喔椸傅喙堗箖喔箞喔∴覆喔勦阜喔竸喔о覆喔∴笂喔侧笉喔夃弗喔侧笖 喔娻箞喔о涪喙冟斧喙夃箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗箘喔斷箟喔父喔斷箚 喙€喔箛喔權箘喔斷箟喔娻副喔斷抚喙堗覆喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喙冟笂喙夃笧喔ム副喔囙竾喔侧笝喙勦笡喔佮副喔氞笧喔侧福喙屶笚喔權傅喙夃箑喔⑧腑喔班浮喔侧竵 喙佮笗喙堗釜喔脆箞喔囙笚喔掂箞喔曕箟喔竾喙佮弗喔佮浮喔侧竸喔粪腑 喔炧覆喔｀箤喔椸斧喔ム副喔囙箚 喙冟笝喔箞喔о笝喔傕腑喔囙竵喔侧福喔涏笍喔脆抚喔编笗喔� 喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔竸喙堗腑喔⑧箚 喔腹喔嵿箑喔傅喔⑧笗喔编抚喔曕笝喔堗覆喔佮箑喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喔椸傅喙堗箑喔｀复喙堗浮喔赴喙€喔涏赴喔赴喔涏赴喙勦笡喔涪喙堗覆喔囙笝喙堗覆喙€喔傅喔⑧笖喔侧涪
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喙佮笗喙堗腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喙勦竾喔佮箛喔曕覆喔� 喔權傅喙堗竸喔粪腑喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸赋喔福喔编笟喔勦笝喔椸副喙堗抚喙勦笡喔涪喙堗覆喔囙箒喔椸箟喔堗福喔脆竾 喔栢箟喔侧腑喔⑧覆喔佮福喔灌箟喔赴喙勦福喙€喔炧复喙堗浮喔佮箛喙勦笡喔曕箞喔涪喔笖喙€喔覆
.
喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔曕傅喙傕笀喔椸涪喙屶箒喔曕竵喔佮福喔班笀喔膏涪喙勦笡喙€喔ム涪 喔勦抚喔侧浮喔斷傅喔囙覆喔∴競喔竾喔∴副喔權竸喔粪腑 喔∴副喔權箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙夃箑喔｀傅喔⑧竵喔｀箟喔竾喔赴喙勦福喔堗覆喔佮竸喔權腑喙堗覆喔權浮喔侧竵喔權副喔� 喔傕腑喙佮竸喙堗箘喔斷箟喙€喔｀复喙堗浮喔箞喔侧笝 喙佮弗喔班釜喔權父喔佮箘喔涏竵喔编笟喔∴副喔權竵喙囙笧喔�
.
喙€喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喔｀箟喔涪喙€喔｀傅喔⑧竾喔涪喙堗覆喔囙笡喔｀覆喔撪傅喔曕笟喔｀福喔堗竾喙€喔炧阜喙堗腑喔勦抚喔侧浮 鈥溹箑喔傕覆喙冟笀鈥� 喔∴覆喔佮竵喔о箞喔侧笚喔掂箞喔堗赴喙€喔涏箛喔權箘喔涏箑喔炧阜喙堗腑喔勦抚喔侧浮 鈥溹竸喔｀笟喔栢箟喔о笝喔浮喔氞腹喔｀笓喙屸€� 喙佮笟喔氞笚喔掂箞喔權副喔佮抚喔脆笂喔侧竵喔侧福喔娻腑喔氞笚喔� 喔椸傅喙堗笂喔笟喔椸傅喙堗釜喔膏笖喔勦阜喔箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙竵喔｀傅喔佮箓喔｀浮喔编笝喙勦笖喙夃釜喔權父喔佮笀喔｀复喔囙箚 喙佮笢喔權笭喔侧笧喔椸傅喙堗箖喔箞喔∴覆喔勦阜喔竸喔о覆喔∴笂喔侧笉喔夃弗喔侧笖 喔娻箞喔о涪喙冟斧喙夃箑喔傕箟喔侧箖喔堗箘喔斷箟喔父喔斷箚 喙€喔箛喔權箘喔斷箟喔娻副喔斷抚喙堗覆喔溹腹喙夃箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喙冟笂喙夃笧喔ム副喔囙竾喔侧笝喙勦笡喔佮副喔氞笧喔侧福喙屶笚喔權傅喙夃箑喔⑧腑喔班浮喔侧竵 喙佮笗喙堗釜喔脆箞喔囙笚喔掂箞喔曕箟喔竾喙佮弗喔佮浮喔侧竸喔粪腑 喔炧覆喔｀箤喔椸斧喔ム副喔囙箚 喙冟笝喔箞喔о笝喔傕腑喔囙竵喔侧福喔涏笍喔脆抚喔编笗喔� 喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔竸喙堗腑喔⑧箚 喔腹喔嵿箑喔傅喔⑧笗喔编抚喔曕笝喔堗覆喔佮箑喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喔椸傅喙堗箑喔｀复喙堗浮喔赴喙€喔涏赴喔赴喔涏赴喙勦笡喔涪喙堗覆喔囙笝喙堗覆喙€喔傅喔⑧笖喔侧涪
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喙佮笗喙堗腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喙勦竾喔佮箛喔曕覆喔� 喔權傅喙堗竸喔粪腑喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔椸赋喔福喔编笟喔勦笝喔椸副喙堗抚喙勦笡喔涪喙堗覆喔囙箒喔椸箟喔堗福喔脆竾 喔栢箟喔侧腑喔⑧覆喔佮福喔灌箟喔赴喙勦福喙€喔炧复喙堗浮喔佮箛喙勦笡喔曕箞喔涪喔笖喙€喔覆
September 10, 2017
Very helpful introduction into European history
March 17, 2020
Antik Yunan'dan 2.dunya savasina kadar Avrupa nasil Avrupa oldu? Oldukca bilgilendirici bir kitap. Yorumsuz ve sade. Basitce anlatmis. Faydali bir kitap olmus.
July 22, 2018
A very biased and the most ridiculous book I've read regarding history. It is shocking me that this kind of books would be even published. This man described the knowledge and science as a European making? Like things like just happened, naming the kingdoms of the east as an extreme totalitarian regimes, and no matter what the European model was democratic and never have been barbaric or extreme as "those" of the east. Ignoring that science is based on different factors, one of them is COMMUNICATION. Trying to simplify such a complex of factors by referring to one and only factor, and excluding other that has and have participated in science, knowledge is no good. Referring to human development by referring to geometry and architecture and call it A PURE WORLD, this is absolutely absurd and non sense? Where this purity came from, how can you explain to us this purity, how did you analyzed this purity? His biblical argument as well, showing a very anextreme biased view and based on a racial factors within the geography of europe narratives. I wouldn't even give it a 1/3 of a star!!!
亘廿禺鬲氐丕乇: 賲丕 賰賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賴乇丕亍...
賵丕賱兀賰孬乇 廿爻鬲賮夭丕夭賸 賴賵 廿丨鬲賮丕亍 賯購乇丕亍 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賴乇丕亍 丕賱賲鬲丨賷夭 賵丕賱賲鬲賲丨賵乇 丨賵賱 匕丕鬲賴 賵賲購賳賰乇丕賸 亘賰賱 毓噩乇賮丞 賵毓賳 噩賴賱 賲鬲毓賲丿 兀賵 睾賷乇 賲鬲毓賲丿 亘兀賷 賲賳胤賯 兀賵 賮賱爻賮丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵 丨鬲賷 丕賱乇丐賷丞 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓賷丞 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺! 兀賷毓賯賱 兀賳 賷毓鬲亘乇 兀賷 胤丕賱亘 賮賷 丕賱賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿賷丞 丨鬲賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賲丿禺賱 賱賱鬲毓乇賷賮 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇亘丕貙 廿匕丕 氐丿賯賳丕 賴匕丕 賮賱丕 毓噩亘 廿匕丕賸 賮賷 廿賳鬲丕噩 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 毓賳氐乇賷丞 匕丕鬲 乇丐賷丞 賲鬲胤乇賮丞 賵賲鬲丨賷夭丞 賱毓賳丕氐乇 賲孬賱 丕賱毓乇賯 賵丕賱丿賷賳.
亘廿禺鬲氐丕乇: 賲丕 賰賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賴乇丕亍...
賵丕賱兀賰孬乇 廿爻鬲賮夭丕夭賸 賴賵 廿丨鬲賮丕亍 賯購乇丕亍 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賴乇丕亍 丕賱賲鬲丨賷夭 賵丕賱賲鬲賲丨賵乇 丨賵賱 匕丕鬲賴 賵賲購賳賰乇丕賸 亘賰賱 毓噩乇賮丞 賵毓賳 噩賴賱 賲鬲毓賲丿 兀賵 睾賷乇 賲鬲毓賲丿 亘兀賷 賲賳胤賯 兀賵 賮賱爻賮丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵 丨鬲賷 丕賱乇丐賷丞 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓賷丞 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺! 兀賷毓賯賱 兀賳 賷毓鬲亘乇 兀賷 胤丕賱亘 賮賷 丕賱賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿賷丞 丨鬲賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賲丿禺賱 賱賱鬲毓乇賷賮 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇亘丕貙 廿匕丕 氐丿賯賳丕 賴匕丕 賮賱丕 毓噩亘 廿匕丕賸 賮賷 廿賳鬲丕噩 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 毓賳氐乇賷丞 匕丕鬲 乇丐賷丞 賲鬲胤乇賮丞 賵賲鬲丨賷夭丞 賱毓賳丕氐乇 賲孬賱 丕賱毓乇賯 賵丕賱丿賷賳.
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January 15, 2018賰鬲丕亘 亘爻賷胤 亘賷卮乇丨 兀賴賲 丕賱賳賯胤 丕賱賲賴賲丞 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕亘乇夭 丕賱賳賯胤 丕賱賲丐孬乇丞 賮賷 鬲賰賵賷賳 賲賱丕賲丨 丕賱賯丕乇丞 貙 賷毓賷亘 毓賱賷賴 噩夭卅賷丞 丕賱賲賱賱 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕噩夭丕亍賴 亘爻亘亘 胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱爻乇丿 賵賰兀賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賵夭丕乇丞 賮賷 丕賱賲丿乇爻丞 貙賱賰賳 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳丕賵賱賴丕 賲賴賲丞 賵賱禺氐鬲 賲賱丕賲丨 丕賱賯丕乇丞 賵賰賷賮賷丞 賵氐賵賱賴丕 賱賱卮賰賱 丕賱丨丕賱賷 賲賳 丨賷孬 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓賽乇賯 賵丕賱毓賽賱賲
April 30, 2017
賰鬲丕亘 噩賷丿 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 禺賮賷賮 賵爻賴賱 賱賱鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇賵亘丕 亘卮賰賱 爻乇賷毓 賱丕 賷氐賱丨 亘丕賱胤亘毓 賱賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳
January 19, 2018
賰鬲丕亘 鬲丕乇賷禺賶 賵噩賷夭 賵 丕囟丕賮 亘毓囟 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞
April 8, 2021
禺賮賷賮 賵賲賳丕爻亘 賱睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳貙 賷毓胤賷 鬲氐賵乇丕 賰丕賮賷丕 毓賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賲賳 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賮賷 毓丿丿 氐賮丨丕鬲 睾賷乇 賰亘賷乇 賵亘兀爻賱賵亘 睾賷乇 賲賲賱.
December 17, 2022
喔堗福喔脆竾喙� 喔炧腑喔∴覆喔箞喔侧笝喙€喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喙佮弗喙夃抚喔｀腹喙夃笅喔多箟喔囙箑喔ム涪喔о箞喔侧箑喔｀覆喙勦浮喙堗福喔灌箟喙€喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙腑喔班箘喔｀笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喔⑧父喙傕福喔涏箑喔ム涪喔權傅喙堗斧喔о箞喔� 55555555 喔椸傅喙堗箑喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝喙� 喔∴覆喔箞喔о笝喙冟斧喔嵿箞喙€喔涏箛喔權笡喔｀赴喔о副喔曕复喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔｀箤喙佮笟喔氞福喔о浮喙� 喔福喔粪腑喔椸傅喙堗箑喔勦涪喔斷腹喔笝喔编竾喔∴副喔權竵喙囙箑喔涏箛喔權箒喔氞笟喔箞喔о笝喙� 喔福喔粪腑喔箞喔侧笝喔權复喔⑧覆喔⑧竵喙囙涪喔佮浮喔侧箒喔勦箞喔氞覆喔囙釜喙堗抚喔權競喔竾喔勦抚喔侧浮喙€喔涏箛喔權涪喔膏箓喔｀笡喙€喔椸箞喔侧笝喔编箟喔� 喙佮笗喙堗箘喔∴箞喙€喔勦涪喙€喔箛喔權笭喔侧笧喔｀抚喔∴競喔竾 "喔涏福喔班抚喔编笗喔脆辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙屶涪喔膏箓喔｀笡" 喙€喔ム涪喔副喔佮竸喔｀副喙夃竾喙€喔斷傅喔⑧抚 喙佮弗喔班箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喔佮箛喙勦笖喙夃笚喔赤斧喔權箟喔侧笚喔掂箞喔權傅喙夃腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔斷傅喙€喔⑧傅喙堗涪喔∴竸喙堗赴
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