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La creaci贸n del patriarcado
La discusi贸n en torno al patriarcado no ha dejado de estar presente en la historiograf铆a y en el feminismo en las 煤ltimas d茅cadas. Sin embargo, no existe consenso en el pensamiento feminista a la hora de dotar de centralidad al patriarcado en la estructura y organizaci贸n social capitalista.
驴Hasta qu茅 punto el patriarcado atraviesa el orden actual? 驴En torno a qu茅 par谩metros se produjo esta institucionalizaci贸n, que comenz贸 en la familia y se extendi贸 al resto de la sociedad?
Gerda Lerner realiza un acercamiento a la Antigua Mesopotamia a trav茅s de fuentes primarias. Deja de lado la victimizaci贸n de las mujeres, as铆 como el mito del matriarcado, para afrontar un an谩lisis que nos lleva a otras preguntas.
Consigue, as铆 mismo, dar la centralidad que se suele negar a los discursos hist贸ricos a la hora de pensar el momento actual. Por todo esto, La creaci贸n del patriarcado es un libro referencial para construir par谩metros hist贸ricos que nos permitan entender la realidad de manera compleja.
驴Hasta qu茅 punto el patriarcado atraviesa el orden actual? 驴En torno a qu茅 par谩metros se produjo esta institucionalizaci贸n, que comenz贸 en la familia y se extendi贸 al resto de la sociedad?
Gerda Lerner realiza un acercamiento a la Antigua Mesopotamia a trav茅s de fuentes primarias. Deja de lado la victimizaci贸n de las mujeres, as铆 como el mito del matriarcado, para afrontar un an谩lisis que nos lleva a otras preguntas.
Consigue, as铆 mismo, dar la centralidad que se suele negar a los discursos hist贸ricos a la hora de pensar el momento actual. Por todo esto, La creaci贸n del patriarcado es un libro referencial para construir par谩metros hist贸ricos que nos permitan entender la realidad de manera compleja.
395 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1986
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About the author
Gerda Lerner
38听books257听followersGerda Lerner was a historian, author and teacher. She was a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin鈥揗adison and a visiting scholar at Duke University.
Lerner was one of the founders of the field of women's history, and was a former president of the Organization of American Historians. She played a key role in the development of women's history curricula. She taught what is considered to be the first women's history course in the world at the New School for Social Research in 1963. She was also involved in the development of similar programs at Long Island University (1965鈥�1967), at Sarah Lawrence College from 1968 to 1979 (where she established the nation's first Women's History graduate program), at Columbia University (where she was a co-founder of the Seminar on Women), and from 1980 until her retirement as Robinson Edwards Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
(from Wikipedia)
Lerner was one of the founders of the field of women's history, and was a former president of the Organization of American Historians. She played a key role in the development of women's history curricula. She taught what is considered to be the first women's history course in the world at the New School for Social Research in 1963. She was also involved in the development of similar programs at Long Island University (1965鈥�1967), at Sarah Lawrence College from 1968 to 1979 (where she established the nation's first Women's History graduate program), at Columbia University (where she was a co-founder of the Seminar on Women), and from 1980 until her retirement as Robinson Edwards Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
(from Wikipedia)
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March 24, 2015
Gerda Lerner constructs an historical framework for understanding why women of the 21st century still fight to emancipate themselves from male subordination and misogynistic attitudes. She adeptly takes us on a journey through history starting in the second millennium B.C. Lerner makes a persuasive case for women's reproductive capacities and economics as being central to the rise of male power, female subordination, and dominance hierarchies as a system of organizing society. She contends that patriarchy laid the foundation for the construction of Western civilization. Using archeological and artistic evidence, as well as literary works and historical documents, Lerner explicates the "culturally constructed customs and institutions" that forced women into subordination.
Lerner explains that during the hunting and gathering days of early civilization reproductive differences between men and women created a division of labor for it "follows that women would choose or prefer those economic activities which could be combined easily with mothering duties." The life giving capacity innate in a woman's biology, and the psychological bond between mother and child stirred religious worship, symbolism and artistic expression evident by the Mother-Goddess figure painted on the walls of caves and sculptured in stone during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic periods. Hunting and gathering men and women depended on each other for survival, and women were valued and had equal status with men -Lerner suggests women may have even felt superior to men- for it was motherhood that inspired both men and women to "choose the Mother-Goddess as their first form of religious expression. "
The struggle to control nature through agriculture created a shift toward patriarchy. Lerner reveals that it was women's reproductive capacity that men wanted to control for economic reasons. Children became an asset. Their labor was needed to till the soil and shepherd the herds. Certain "ecological conditions and biological irregularities" that threatened the survival of the tribe also contributed to viewing women's bodies as a commodity that could be exchanged with tribes, and acquired through tribal warfare leading to female slavery, concubinage, wives being subordinate to their husbands, and class formation. Lerner traces the rise of male power, the reification of women as the private property of men with the eventual subordination of women (and some men) through the codes and laws of the state, which dehumanized women in order to institutionalize male dominated hierarchies.
Depriving women of their history and achievements is inherent in the system of patriarchy for Lerner contends that it is women's "lack of knowledge of our own history of struggle and achievement that keeps us subordinate." She states, "even those of us already defining ourselves as feminist thinkers and engaged in the process of critiquing traditional systems of ideas are still held back by unacknowledged restraints embedded deeply in our psyches." Lerner's historical account of the construction of Western civilization is meant to educate and enlighten so women and men might recognize internalized paternalistic attitudes and viewpoints that they may not be consciously aware of so they can "free their minds from patriarchal thought and practice and at last to build a world free of dominance and hierarchy, a world that is truly human."
The Creation of Patriarchy is an enthralling, scholarly work that is well researched and footnoted making it difficult for those who wish to dismiss a leading female historian's analysis of women's history and reconceptualization of Western civilization. Lerner's meticulous attention to detail is necessary if women are to become more knowledgable of their history so they can put their present female experience in perspective. The Creation of Patriarchy gives women a ground to stand on -as well as men who wish to become enlightened- so they might find their own way of contributing to the restructuring of society where power is shared and equal rights are valued by all. The Creation of Patriarchy is compelling, and a must read!
Lerner explains that during the hunting and gathering days of early civilization reproductive differences between men and women created a division of labor for it "follows that women would choose or prefer those economic activities which could be combined easily with mothering duties." The life giving capacity innate in a woman's biology, and the psychological bond between mother and child stirred religious worship, symbolism and artistic expression evident by the Mother-Goddess figure painted on the walls of caves and sculptured in stone during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic periods. Hunting and gathering men and women depended on each other for survival, and women were valued and had equal status with men -Lerner suggests women may have even felt superior to men- for it was motherhood that inspired both men and women to "choose the Mother-Goddess as their first form of religious expression. "
The struggle to control nature through agriculture created a shift toward patriarchy. Lerner reveals that it was women's reproductive capacity that men wanted to control for economic reasons. Children became an asset. Their labor was needed to till the soil and shepherd the herds. Certain "ecological conditions and biological irregularities" that threatened the survival of the tribe also contributed to viewing women's bodies as a commodity that could be exchanged with tribes, and acquired through tribal warfare leading to female slavery, concubinage, wives being subordinate to their husbands, and class formation. Lerner traces the rise of male power, the reification of women as the private property of men with the eventual subordination of women (and some men) through the codes and laws of the state, which dehumanized women in order to institutionalize male dominated hierarchies.
Depriving women of their history and achievements is inherent in the system of patriarchy for Lerner contends that it is women's "lack of knowledge of our own history of struggle and achievement that keeps us subordinate." She states, "even those of us already defining ourselves as feminist thinkers and engaged in the process of critiquing traditional systems of ideas are still held back by unacknowledged restraints embedded deeply in our psyches." Lerner's historical account of the construction of Western civilization is meant to educate and enlighten so women and men might recognize internalized paternalistic attitudes and viewpoints that they may not be consciously aware of so they can "free their minds from patriarchal thought and practice and at last to build a world free of dominance and hierarchy, a world that is truly human."
The Creation of Patriarchy is an enthralling, scholarly work that is well researched and footnoted making it difficult for those who wish to dismiss a leading female historian's analysis of women's history and reconceptualization of Western civilization. Lerner's meticulous attention to detail is necessary if women are to become more knowledgable of their history so they can put their present female experience in perspective. The Creation of Patriarchy gives women a ground to stand on -as well as men who wish to become enlightened- so they might find their own way of contributing to the restructuring of society where power is shared and equal rights are valued by all. The Creation of Patriarchy is compelling, and a must read!
December 27, 2010
Getting five stars because I read it in high school (in "Contemporary Women's Spirituality" at my Catholic school) when I was still a Republican and it raised my consciousness more (relatively) than anything I've read since. Thanks, Sr. Debbie.
July 23, 2015
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓馗賷賲 噩丿賸丕貙 賴賵 賲亘丨孬 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱匕賰賵乇賷丞 賵禺囟賵毓 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 賵兀毓鬲亘乇賴 賲乇噩毓 睾賳賷. 丕賱噩賲賷賱 兀賳 睾賷乇丿丕 賱賷賳乇 賯丿賾賲鬲 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲貙 賵鬲賳丕賵賱鬲 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賲賳 毓丿丞 噩賵丕賳亘 賵賰匕賱賰 賰賱 賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 亘賴貙 賵賮賷 丨賯亘 夭賲賳賷丞 賲禺鬲賱賮丞貙 賮賲丕 兀賱夭賲鬲 丕賱賯丕乇卅 亘賮賰乇丞 賵丨賷丿丞 賴賷 賲賯鬲賳毓丞 亘賴丕.
賱賮鬲賳賷 賮賷 兀丨丿 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 (丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱毓亘丿丞) 兀氐賱 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞貙 賵賲賳 兀賷賳 兀鬲鬲. 爻兀賵乇丿賴 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇: 禺賲賾賳 丕賱賲丐乇禺賵賳 賵丕賱亘丕丨孬賵賳貙 兀賳 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 亘丿兀鬲 丨賷賳 亘丿兀 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賷卮賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘貙 賮賯丿 賰丕賳 乇噩丕賱 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賲賴夭賵賲賷賳 賷購亘丕丿賵賳 毓賳 丌禺乇賴賲貙 兀賲丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷丐爻乇賳 賴賳 賵兀胤賮丕賱賴賳 毓丕丿丞賸. 賰丕賳 賯丿 毓乇賻賮 丕賱賲丨丕乇亘 賲賳 賯亘賱貙 兀賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賯丕亘賱丕鬲 賱賱禺囟賵毓 -賵賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕賱丞 禺氐賵氐丕 賷賰賵賳 禺囟賵毓賴賳 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀胤賮丕賱賴賳- 賮賰丕賳賵丕 賷爻鬲賮賷丿賵賳 賲賳賴賳 賰毓丕賲賱丕鬲 賵毓亘丿丕鬲 賵兀丨賷丕賳丕 賰丌賱丕鬲 廿賳噩丕亘 賱鬲賰孬賷乇 丕賱爻賰丕賳. 賴匕丕 禺賵賾賱賴賲 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 亘禺囟賵毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 兀賷囟賸丕貙 賮賰丕賳 匕賱賰 丨賷賳 噩乇亘賵丕 賵賳噩丨 兀賳 賮毓賱賸丕 賷禺囟毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 亘胤乇賯 兀禺乇賶! 賮氐丕乇鬲 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞.
鬲賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賮賷 丌禺乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: "廿賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 亘賳丕亍 鬲丕乇賷禺賷貨 賱賴 亘丿丕賷丞貨 賵爻鬲賰賵賳 賱賴 賳賴丕賷丞. 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳 夭賲賳賴 賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賳賴丕賷丞 賲噩乇丕賴貙 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷毓丿 賷禺丿賲 丨丕噩丕鬲 丕賱乇噩丕賱 兀賵 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 賵亘爻亘亘 丕乇鬲亘丕胤賴 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 賮賰賾賴 亘丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 賵丕賱賴乇賲賷丞 賵丕賱毓乇賯賷丞貙 賮廿賳賴 賷賴丿賾丿 賵噩賵丿 丕賱丨賷丕丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟".
賱賮鬲賳賷 賮賷 兀丨丿 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 (丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱毓亘丿丞) 兀氐賱 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞貙 賵賲賳 兀賷賳 兀鬲鬲. 爻兀賵乇丿賴 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇: 禺賲賾賳 丕賱賲丐乇禺賵賳 賵丕賱亘丕丨孬賵賳貙 兀賳 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 亘丿兀鬲 丨賷賳 亘丿兀 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賷卮賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘貙 賮賯丿 賰丕賳 乇噩丕賱 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賲賴夭賵賲賷賳 賷購亘丕丿賵賳 毓賳 丌禺乇賴賲貙 兀賲丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷丐爻乇賳 賴賳 賵兀胤賮丕賱賴賳 毓丕丿丞賸. 賰丕賳 賯丿 毓乇賻賮 丕賱賲丨丕乇亘 賲賳 賯亘賱貙 兀賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賯丕亘賱丕鬲 賱賱禺囟賵毓 -賵賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕賱丞 禺氐賵氐丕 賷賰賵賳 禺囟賵毓賴賳 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀胤賮丕賱賴賳- 賮賰丕賳賵丕 賷爻鬲賮賷丿賵賳 賲賳賴賳 賰毓丕賲賱丕鬲 賵毓亘丿丕鬲 賵兀丨賷丕賳丕 賰丌賱丕鬲 廿賳噩丕亘 賱鬲賰孬賷乇 丕賱爻賰丕賳. 賴匕丕 禺賵賾賱賴賲 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 亘禺囟賵毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 兀賷囟賸丕貙 賮賰丕賳 匕賱賰 丨賷賳 噩乇亘賵丕 賵賳噩丨 兀賳 賮毓賱賸丕 賷禺囟毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 亘胤乇賯 兀禺乇賶! 賮氐丕乇鬲 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞.
鬲賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賮賷 丌禺乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: "廿賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 亘賳丕亍 鬲丕乇賷禺賷貨 賱賴 亘丿丕賷丞貨 賵爻鬲賰賵賳 賱賴 賳賴丕賷丞. 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳 夭賲賳賴 賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賳賴丕賷丞 賲噩乇丕賴貙 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷毓丿 賷禺丿賲 丨丕噩丕鬲 丕賱乇噩丕賱 兀賵 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 賵亘爻亘亘 丕乇鬲亘丕胤賴 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 賮賰賾賴 亘丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 賵丕賱賴乇賲賷丞 賵丕賱毓乇賯賷丞貙 賮廿賳賴 賷賴丿賾丿 賵噩賵丿 丕賱丨賷丕丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟".
January 1, 2015
This book answered a lot of my "but why is it like this?" questions regarding the position of women.
A few quotes from the final chapter that capture some of the main conclusions:
"...the enslavement of women, combining both racism and sexism, preceded the formation of classes and class oppression. Class differences were, at their very beginnings, expressed and constituted in terms of patriarchal relations. Class is not a separate construct from gender, rather class is expressed in gendereic terms."
"The system of patriarchy can function only with the cooperation of women. This cooperation is secured by a variety of means: gender indoctrination; educational deprivation; the denial of women of knowledge of their history; the dividing of women, on from another, by defining "respectability" and "deviance" according to women's sexual activities; by restraints and outright coercion; by discrimination in access to economic resources and political power; and by awarding class privileges to conforming women."
"For women, other than those of the lower classes, the "reciprocal agreement" went like this: in exchange for your sexual, economic, political, and intellectual subordination to men, you may share in the power of men of your class and exploit men and women of the lower class. In a class society it is difficult for people who themselves have some power, however limited and circumscribed, to see themselves as also deprived and subordinated. Class and racial privileges serve to undercut the ability of women to see themselves as part of a coherent group, which, in fact, they are not, since women uniquely of all oppressed groups occur in all strata of society."
"The androcentric fallacy, which is built into all the mental constructs of Western civilization, cannot be rectified simply by "adding women." What it demands for rectification is a radical restructuring of thought and analysis which once and for all accepts the fact that humanity consists in equal parts of men and women and that the experiences, thoughts, and insights of both sexes must be represented in every generalization that is made about human beings."
A few quotes from the final chapter that capture some of the main conclusions:
"...the enslavement of women, combining both racism and sexism, preceded the formation of classes and class oppression. Class differences were, at their very beginnings, expressed and constituted in terms of patriarchal relations. Class is not a separate construct from gender, rather class is expressed in gendereic terms."
"The system of patriarchy can function only with the cooperation of women. This cooperation is secured by a variety of means: gender indoctrination; educational deprivation; the denial of women of knowledge of their history; the dividing of women, on from another, by defining "respectability" and "deviance" according to women's sexual activities; by restraints and outright coercion; by discrimination in access to economic resources and political power; and by awarding class privileges to conforming women."
"For women, other than those of the lower classes, the "reciprocal agreement" went like this: in exchange for your sexual, economic, political, and intellectual subordination to men, you may share in the power of men of your class and exploit men and women of the lower class. In a class society it is difficult for people who themselves have some power, however limited and circumscribed, to see themselves as also deprived and subordinated. Class and racial privileges serve to undercut the ability of women to see themselves as part of a coherent group, which, in fact, they are not, since women uniquely of all oppressed groups occur in all strata of society."
"The androcentric fallacy, which is built into all the mental constructs of Western civilization, cannot be rectified simply by "adding women." What it demands for rectification is a radical restructuring of thought and analysis which once and for all accepts the fact that humanity consists in equal parts of men and women and that the experiences, thoughts, and insights of both sexes must be represented in every generalization that is made about human beings."
April 27, 2019
賳卮兀丞 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 ....
賮賷 賰賱賾 賲乇賾丞 賷賯丕賱 賮賷賴丕 賱賮鬲丕丞: 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 賮毓賱 賴匕丕 賱兀賳賰 賮鬲丕丞.
賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丿乇丕爻丞 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲禺氐氐 兀賵 匕丕賰貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丕賱賱毓亘貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丕賱爻賮乇貙 賵賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 賱賷爻 賱賱賳爻丕亍貙 賴匕丕 賱丨賲丕賷鬲賰 .... 廿賱禺
賮賴匕丕 丕賱禺胤丕亘 賲賳 鬲亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷貙 丕賱匕賷 乇購爻禺 賲賳匕 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 亘睾賷丞 鬲丨噩賷賲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵鬲賴賲賷卮賴賳 賵丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賷賴賳 賰賭 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 ..
賯丿 賷賰賵賳 賯丿 亘丿兀 亘丕賱鬲賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丿賵乇 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱氐睾賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賵賷 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賯亘賷賱丞貙 賵鬲賰賲賷賲 氐賵鬲賴丕 賵丨賰丕賷鬲賴丕 賵賲爻丕賴賲鬲賴丕貙 賱賰賳賴 鬲胤賵乇 賱丕丨賯賸丕 廿賱賶 鬲卮賷賷亍 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵賲毓丕賲賱鬲賴賳 賰賲賲鬲賱賰丕鬲 禺丕氐丞 亘匕賰賵乇 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賯亘賷賱丞 賱賱鬲亘丕丿賱 賲毓 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱兀禺乇賶貙 孬賲 鬲胤賵乇 亘毓丿 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賰鬲卮賮 丕賱賳馗丕賲 賮賵丕卅丿 爻亘賷 賳爻丕亍 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 賵丕賱兀賲賲 丕賱兀禺乇賶貙 賵賱丕丨賯賸丕 賳卮兀 賳馗丕賲 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲毓亘丿 賮賷賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵丕賱乇噩丕賱 .
賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲賮賷囟丞貨 鬲鬲亘毓 噩賷乇丿丕 賱賷乇賳乇 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賵鬲丕乇賷禺賴 賲毓 鬲乇賰賷夭賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱匕賷 毓丕卮 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賳賴乇賷賳 (丕賱毓乇丕賯) 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲乇賰 禺賱賮賴 賵孬丕卅賯 賰孬賷乇丞 鬲鬲賷丨 賱賳丕 廿賱賯丕亍 賳馗乇丞 毓賱賶 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵賳馗賲賴 賵賯賵丕賳賷賳賴.. 廿賱禺 .
賵賱賰賳賴 賱賷爻 賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賵丨賷丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賱賯賷 毓賱賷賴 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳馗乇丞 賲賯乇賻賾亘丞 亘賱 賷亘丿兀 賲賳匕 賮噩乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨噩乇賷 賵丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲毓丕賯亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 賵氐賵賱賸丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丌丿賷丕賳 丕賱爻賲丕賵賷丞 (丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 鬲丨丿賷丿賸丕).
賴賱 爻丕毓丿賳賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 賮賴賲 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷.. 賳毓賲 . 賱賰賳 賰賮鬲丕丞 鬲毓賷卮 丕賱丌賳 賵賱賷爻 賯亘賱 4 丌賱丕賮 爻賳丞貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳賷 兀賳 丕賮賴賲 賲丕 丕賱噩丿賵賶 丕賱鬲賷 乇丌賴丕 賲賳 毓丕卮賵丕 賵賯鬲賴丕 賲賳 鬲丨噩賷賲 賳氐賮 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賴賱 丨賯賸丕 亘丕鬲鬲 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 兀賮囟賱 賲毓 賰賱 禺胤賵丞 賲賲賳賴噩丞 兀禺匕賵賴丕 賳丨賵 賴匕丕 丕賱賳馗丕賲.
.賵賱賵 賱賲 賷賳卮兀 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賱賰丕賳 毓丕賱賲賳丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賷賵賲 賲禺鬲賱賮賸丕 丕禺鬲賱丕賮賸丕 賲賴賵賱賸丕 .
賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 爻丕毓丿賳賷 賰匕賱賰 賮賷 賮賴賲 鬲毓賱賷賯丕鬲 丕賱匕賰賵乇賷賷賳 賵兀賳丕 賲賲鬲賳丞 賱賴匕丕 賰孬賷乇賸丕 ..
賮賷 賰賱賾 賲乇賾丞 賷賯丕賱 賮賷賴丕 賱賮鬲丕丞: 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 賮毓賱 賴匕丕 賱兀賳賰 賮鬲丕丞.
賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丿乇丕爻丞 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲禺氐氐 兀賵 匕丕賰貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丕賱賱毓亘貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賰 丕賱爻賮乇貙 賵賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 賱賷爻 賱賱賳爻丕亍貙 賴匕丕 賱丨賲丕賷鬲賰 .... 廿賱禺
賮賴匕丕 丕賱禺胤丕亘 賲賳 鬲亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷貙 丕賱匕賷 乇購爻禺 賲賳匕 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 亘睾賷丞 鬲丨噩賷賲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵鬲賴賲賷卮賴賳 賵丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賷賴賳 賰賭 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 ..
賯丿 賷賰賵賳 賯丿 亘丿兀 亘丕賱鬲賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丿賵乇 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱氐睾賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賵賷 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賯亘賷賱丞貙 賵鬲賰賲賷賲 氐賵鬲賴丕 賵丨賰丕賷鬲賴丕 賵賲爻丕賴賲鬲賴丕貙 賱賰賳賴 鬲胤賵乇 賱丕丨賯賸丕 廿賱賶 鬲卮賷賷亍 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵賲毓丕賲賱鬲賴賳 賰賲賲鬲賱賰丕鬲 禺丕氐丞 亘匕賰賵乇 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賯亘賷賱丞 賱賱鬲亘丕丿賱 賲毓 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱兀禺乇賶貙 孬賲 鬲胤賵乇 亘毓丿 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賰鬲卮賮 丕賱賳馗丕賲 賮賵丕卅丿 爻亘賷 賳爻丕亍 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 賵丕賱兀賲賲 丕賱兀禺乇賶貙 賵賱丕丨賯賸丕 賳卮兀 賳馗丕賲 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲毓亘丿 賮賷賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵丕賱乇噩丕賱 .
賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲賮賷囟丞貨 鬲鬲亘毓 噩賷乇丿丕 賱賷乇賳乇 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賵鬲丕乇賷禺賴 賲毓 鬲乇賰賷夭賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱匕賷 毓丕卮 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賳賴乇賷賳 (丕賱毓乇丕賯) 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲乇賰 禺賱賮賴 賵孬丕卅賯 賰孬賷乇丞 鬲鬲賷丨 賱賳丕 廿賱賯丕亍 賳馗乇丞 毓賱賶 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵賳馗賲賴 賵賯賵丕賳賷賳賴.. 廿賱禺 .
賵賱賰賳賴 賱賷爻 賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賵丨賷丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賱賯賷 毓賱賷賴 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳馗乇丞 賲賯乇賻賾亘丞 亘賱 賷亘丿兀 賲賳匕 賮噩乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨噩乇賷 賵丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲毓丕賯亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟 賵氐賵賱賸丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丌丿賷丕賳 丕賱爻賲丕賵賷丞 (丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 鬲丨丿賷丿賸丕).
賴賱 爻丕毓丿賳賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 賮賴賲 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷.. 賳毓賲 . 賱賰賳 賰賮鬲丕丞 鬲毓賷卮 丕賱丌賳 賵賱賷爻 賯亘賱 4 丌賱丕賮 爻賳丞貙 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳賷 兀賳 丕賮賴賲 賲丕 丕賱噩丿賵賶 丕賱鬲賷 乇丌賴丕 賲賳 毓丕卮賵丕 賵賯鬲賴丕 賲賳 鬲丨噩賷賲 賳氐賮 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賴賱 丨賯賸丕 亘丕鬲鬲 丨賷丕鬲賴賲 兀賮囟賱 賲毓 賰賱 禺胤賵丞 賲賲賳賴噩丞 兀禺匕賵賴丕 賳丨賵 賴匕丕 丕賱賳馗丕賲.
.賵賱賵 賱賲 賷賳卮兀 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賱賰丕賳 毓丕賱賲賳丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賷賵賲 賲禺鬲賱賮賸丕 丕禺鬲賱丕賮賸丕 賲賴賵賱賸丕 .
賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 爻丕毓丿賳賷 賰匕賱賰 賮賷 賮賴賲 鬲毓賱賷賯丕鬲 丕賱匕賰賵乇賷賷賳 賵兀賳丕 賲賲鬲賳丞 賱賴匕丕 賰孬賷乇賸丕 ..
September 30, 2021
I was a bit surprised learning that this was written in 1986, felt much more modern then that. But I guess that's what this subject is, timeless. Utterly fascinating and a great book to learn a lot from and I found the narrator of the audiobook really lifting it up. Very intrigued to read more books about feminism and from this author.
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November 19, 2022Gerda Lerner nos explica, de manera sencilla y muy documentada, el origen de las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres desde una perspectiva hist贸rica. Es cierto que tambi茅n tiene mucha literatura y un cap铆tulo entero dedicado a un mont贸n de leyes antiguas pero en l铆neas generales explica acertadamente el origen del patriarcado y c贸mo se ha ido conformando desde hace 2500 a帽os.
Sin duda me quedo con la ideas de que la capacidad reproductiva y los servicios sexuales que puedan otorgar las mujeres, se convirtieron en mercanc铆a incluso antes de la formaci贸n de la civilizaci贸n occidental. Y que la ignorancia por parte de las mujeres de nuestra propia historia de lucha y logros ha sido uno de los principales medios para mantenernos subordinadas y sometidas.
Sin duda me quedo con la ideas de que la capacidad reproductiva y los servicios sexuales que puedan otorgar las mujeres, se convirtieron en mercanc铆a incluso antes de la formaci贸n de la civilizaci贸n occidental. Y que la ignorancia por parte de las mujeres de nuestra propia historia de lucha y logros ha sido uno de los principales medios para mantenernos subordinadas y sometidas.
March 4, 2024
芦El sistema patriarcal solo puede funcionar gracias a la cooperaci贸n de las mujeres. Esta cooperaci贸n le viene avalada de varias maneras: la inculcaci贸n de los g茅neros; la privaci贸n de la ense帽anza; la prohibici贸n de las mujeres a que conozcan su propia historia; la divisi贸n entre ellas al definir la "respetabilidad" y la "desviaci贸n" a partir de sus actividades sexuales; mediante la represi贸n y la coerci贸n total; por medio de la discriminaci贸n en el acceso a los recursos econ贸micos y el poder pol铆tico; y al recompensar con privilegios de clase a las mujeres que se conformen禄.
Pues ya estar铆a.
Pues ya estar铆a.
April 16, 2021
鈥� 賷毓賷卮 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵丕賱賳爻丕亍 毓賱賶 禺卮亘丞 賲爻乇丨貙 賷丐丿賵賳 毓賱賷賴丕 兀丿賵丕乇賴賲 丕賱賲賵賰賱丞 廿賱賷賴賲貙 丕賱賲鬲爻丕賵賷丞 賮賷 丕賱兀賴賲賷賾丞. 賱丕 賷購賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賲賳 丿賵賳 賵噩賵丿 賳賵毓賷 賱賱賲賲孬賱賷賳 賰賱賷賴賲丕. 賱丕 兀丨丿 賲賳賴賲 芦賷購爻賴賲禄 兀賰孬乇 兀賵 兀賯賱 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賱 賰賰賱貨 賱丕 兀丨丿 賴丕賲卮賷 兀賵 賷購賲賰賳 丕賱丕爻鬲睾賳丕亍 毓賳賴.
賵賱賰賳 兀孬丕孬 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賲購賳氐賵乇貙 賵賲丿賴賵賳貙 賵賲購毓乇賾賮 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 兀賱賮 丕賱乇噩丕賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞貙 兀禺乇噩賵丕 丕賱毓乇囟 賵兀賵賱賵丕 賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱賮毓賱. 賱賯丿 兀賵賰賱賵丕 廿賱賶 兀賳賮爻賴賲 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍 丕賱兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷賾丞貙 賵亘胤賵賱賷丞貙 賲丕賳丨賷賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 兀丿賵丕乇丕賸 孬丕賳賵賷賾丞.
丨賷賳 賵毓鬲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賮賷 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿禺賱賳 賮賷賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞貙 胤賱亘賳 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賮賷 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇. 兀賰乇賻賴購賳賾 丕賱乇噩丕賱 毓賱賶 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賮賷 賲丐禺乇 丕賱賲爻乇丨 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸貙 賵賮賷 兀丨賷丕賳 兀禺乇賶 賳購亘賳 毓賳 賲賲孬賱 匕賰乇 睾丕卅亘. 賵亘毓丿 氐乇丕毓 賲毓鬲亘乇 乇亘丨鬲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丨賯 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 鬲禺氐賷氐 丿賵乇 賲爻丕賵貙 賵賱賰賳 兀賵賱丕賸 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷購丐賴賱賳.
賵賷囟毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賲乇賾丞 孬丕賳賷丞 卮乇賵胤 賱賲丐賴賱丕鬲賴賳貨 廿賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賴賲 丕賱丨賰丕賲 丕賱匕賷賳 賷丨丿賾丿賵賳 賰賷賮 賷賰賳 賲鬲賳丕爻亘丕鬲貨 賷賯亘賱賵賳賴賳 兀賵 賷乇賮囟賵賳賴賳. 賷賲賳丨賵賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賱賳爻賵丞 丕賱胤賷賸毓丕鬲 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 賷賱丕卅賲賳 賲賵丕氐賮丕鬲 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賵囟毓賴丕 毓賱賶 賳丨賵 氐丨賷丨. 賷毓丕賯亘 丕賱乇噩丕賱貙 毓亘乇 丕賱爻禺乇賷丞貙 賵丕賱廿賯氐丕亍貙 兀賵 丕賱賳賮賷 丕賱鬲毓爻賮賷貙 兀賷丞 丕賲乇兀丞 鬲鬲賲爻賰 亘丨賯 鬲兀賵賷賱 丿賵乇賴丕 兀賵 -丕賱兀爻賵兀 亘賷賳 丕賱禺胤丕賷丕 賰賱賴丕 -丕賱丨賯 亘廿毓丕丿丞 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賳氐.
賷爻鬲睾乇賯 丕賱兀賲乇 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵賯鬲丕賸 賲毓鬲亘乇丕賸 賱賰賷 賷賮賴賲賳 兀賳 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 兀丿賵丕乇貙 賲爻丕賵賷丞 賱賳 賷噩毓賱賴賳 賲鬲爻丕賵賷丕鬲貙 胤丕賱賲丕 兀賳 丕賱賳氐貙 賵丕賱丿毓丕賲丕鬲貙 賵廿毓丿丕丿 禺卮亘丞 丕賱賲爻乇丨貙 賵丕賱廿禺乇丕噩 賷爻賷胤乇 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 亘賯賵賾丞. 丨賷賳 鬲亘丿兀 丕賱賳爻丕亍 亘廿丿乇丕賰 匕賻賱賰賻 賵賷鬲噩賲毓賳 爻賵賷丞 毓亘乇 丕賱賮氐賵賱貙 兀賵 丨鬲賾賶 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱兀丿丕亍貙 賱賰賷 賷賳丕賯卮賳 賲丕 丕賱匕賷 爻賷賮毓賱賳賴 丨賷丕賱 匕賻賱賰賻貙 鬲賳鬲賴賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷賾丞.
廿匕丕 賳馗乇賳丕 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賲丿賵賳 賱賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賰賲丕 賱賵 兀賳賾賴 賲爻乇丨賷賾丞 賰賴匕賴貙 賳丿乇賰 兀賳 賯氐賾丞 丕賱兀丿丕亍丕鬲 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丿賻賵賾賳賴丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮丨爻亘貙 賵乇購賵賷鬲 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴賲. 賰丕賳賻 丕賳鬲亘丕賴賴賲 賲鬲乇賰夭丕賸賸 賮賷 賲毓馗賲 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 毓賱賶 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 賵賲賳 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賮丕噩卅 兀賳賾賴賲 賱賲賾 賷賱丕丨馗賵丕 丕賱兀賮毓丕賱 賰賱賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘賴丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍. 兀禺賷乇丕賸貙 賮賷 丕賱兀毓賵丕賲 丕賱禺賲爻賷賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙 丕賰鬲爻亘鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱賳爻賵丞 丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 丕賱囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰鬲丕亘丞 爻賷賳丕乇賷賵賴丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賰丞. 賵兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱鬲兀賱賷賮貙 氐乇賾賳賻 賷購禺氐賾氐賳 丕賳鬲亘丕賴丕賸 兀賰亘乇 廿賱賶 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍. 廿賱丕 兀賳賾 兀爻丕鬲匕鬲賴賳 丕賱匕賰賵乇 丿乇亘賵賴賳 噩賷賾丿丕賸 丨鬲賾賶 丕賱丌賳. 賵賴賰匕丕 丕賰鬲卮賮賳 兀賷囟丕賸 兀賳 賲丕 賰丕賳賻 賷賮毓賱賴 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮賷 丕賱賲噩賲賱 兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷賾丞貙 賵亘爻亘亘 乇睾亘鬲賴賳 賮賷 鬲乇賯賷丞 丿賵乇 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷貙 亘丨孬賳 亘噩丿 毓賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 賮毓賱賳 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 賴賰匕丕貙 賵賱丿 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱鬲毓賵賷囟賷.
賲丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賴賵 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賲賳丕囟賱丕鬲 丕賱賳賾爻賵賷丕鬲 丕賱丌賳貙 兀賷賾 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 匕賻賱賰賻 丕賱賲爻乇丨貙 賵兀孬丕孬丕鬲賴貙 賵丿毓丕賲丕鬲賴貙 賵賲禺乇噩賴貙 賵賰丕鬲亘 賳氐賾賴貙 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 丕賱胤賮賱 賮賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丞 丕賱禺乇丕賮賷丞 丕賱匕賷 丕賰鬲卮賮 兀賳 丕賱廿賲亘乇丕胤賵乇 賰丕賳賻 毓丕乇賷丕賸貙 賵賱賳賯賱貙 廿賳 丕賱賱丕賲爻丕賵丕丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 亘賷賳賳丕 鬲賰賲賳 丿丕禺賱 賴匕丕 丕賱廿胤丕乇. 毓賳丿賴丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷賲夭賯賳賴."
睾賷乇丿丕 賱賷乇賳乇 賲賳 賲賯丿賲丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱毓馗賷賲 丕賱賵丕噩亘 賯乇丕亍鬲賴馃挋
賵賱賰賳 兀孬丕孬 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賲購賳氐賵乇貙 賵賲丿賴賵賳貙 賵賲購毓乇賾賮 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 兀賱賮 丕賱乇噩丕賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞貙 兀禺乇噩賵丕 丕賱毓乇囟 賵兀賵賱賵丕 賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱賮毓賱. 賱賯丿 兀賵賰賱賵丕 廿賱賶 兀賳賮爻賴賲 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍 丕賱兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷賾丞貙 賵亘胤賵賱賷丞貙 賲丕賳丨賷賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 兀丿賵丕乇丕賸 孬丕賳賵賷賾丞.
丨賷賳 賵毓鬲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賮賷 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿禺賱賳 賮賷賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞貙 胤賱亘賳 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賮賷 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇. 兀賰乇賻賴購賳賾 丕賱乇噩丕賱 毓賱賶 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賮賷 賲丐禺乇 丕賱賲爻乇丨 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸貙 賵賮賷 兀丨賷丕賳 兀禺乇賶 賳購亘賳 毓賳 賲賲孬賱 匕賰乇 睾丕卅亘. 賵亘毓丿 氐乇丕毓 賲毓鬲亘乇 乇亘丨鬲 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丨賯 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 鬲禺氐賷氐 丿賵乇 賲爻丕賵貙 賵賱賰賳 兀賵賱丕賸 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷購丐賴賱賳.
賵賷囟毓 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賲乇賾丞 孬丕賳賷丞 卮乇賵胤 賱賲丐賴賱丕鬲賴賳貨 廿賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賴賲 丕賱丨賰丕賲 丕賱匕賷賳 賷丨丿賾丿賵賳 賰賷賮 賷賰賳 賲鬲賳丕爻亘丕鬲貨 賷賯亘賱賵賳賴賳 兀賵 賷乇賮囟賵賳賴賳. 賷賲賳丨賵賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞 賱賱賳爻賵丞 丕賱胤賷賸毓丕鬲 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 賷賱丕卅賲賳 賲賵丕氐賮丕鬲 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賵囟毓賴丕 毓賱賶 賳丨賵 氐丨賷丨. 賷毓丕賯亘 丕賱乇噩丕賱貙 毓亘乇 丕賱爻禺乇賷丞貙 賵丕賱廿賯氐丕亍貙 兀賵 丕賱賳賮賷 丕賱鬲毓爻賮賷貙 兀賷丞 丕賲乇兀丞 鬲鬲賲爻賰 亘丨賯 鬲兀賵賷賱 丿賵乇賴丕 兀賵 -丕賱兀爻賵兀 亘賷賳 丕賱禺胤丕賷丕 賰賱賴丕 -丕賱丨賯 亘廿毓丕丿丞 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賳氐.
賷爻鬲睾乇賯 丕賱兀賲乇 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵賯鬲丕賸 賲毓鬲亘乇丕賸 賱賰賷 賷賮賴賲賳 兀賳 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 兀丿賵丕乇貙 賲爻丕賵賷丞 賱賳 賷噩毓賱賴賳 賲鬲爻丕賵賷丕鬲貙 胤丕賱賲丕 兀賳 丕賱賳氐貙 賵丕賱丿毓丕賲丕鬲貙 賵廿毓丿丕丿 禺卮亘丞 丕賱賲爻乇丨貙 賵丕賱廿禺乇丕噩 賷爻賷胤乇 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 亘賯賵賾丞. 丨賷賳 鬲亘丿兀 丕賱賳爻丕亍 亘廿丿乇丕賰 匕賻賱賰賻 賵賷鬲噩賲毓賳 爻賵賷丞 毓亘乇 丕賱賮氐賵賱貙 兀賵 丨鬲賾賶 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱兀丿丕亍貙 賱賰賷 賷賳丕賯卮賳 賲丕 丕賱匕賷 爻賷賮毓賱賳賴 丨賷丕賱 匕賻賱賰賻貙 鬲賳鬲賴賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷賾丞.
廿匕丕 賳馗乇賳丕 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賲丿賵賳 賱賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賰賲丕 賱賵 兀賳賾賴 賲爻乇丨賷賾丞 賰賴匕賴貙 賳丿乇賰 兀賳 賯氐賾丞 丕賱兀丿丕亍丕鬲 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丿賻賵賾賳賴丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮丨爻亘貙 賵乇購賵賷鬲 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴賲. 賰丕賳賻 丕賳鬲亘丕賴賴賲 賲鬲乇賰夭丕賸賸 賮賷 賲毓馗賲 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 毓賱賶 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 賵賲賳 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賮丕噩卅 兀賳賾賴賲 賱賲賾 賷賱丕丨馗賵丕 丕賱兀賮毓丕賱 賰賱賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘賴丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍. 兀禺賷乇丕賸貙 賮賷 丕賱兀毓賵丕賲 丕賱禺賲爻賷賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙 丕賰鬲爻亘鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱賳爻賵丞 丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 丕賱囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰鬲丕亘丞 爻賷賳丕乇賷賵賴丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賰丞. 賵兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱鬲兀賱賷賮貙 氐乇賾賳賻 賷購禺氐賾氐賳 丕賳鬲亘丕賴丕賸 兀賰亘乇 廿賱賶 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍. 廿賱丕 兀賳賾 兀爻丕鬲匕鬲賴賳 丕賱匕賰賵乇 丿乇亘賵賴賳 噩賷賾丿丕賸 丨鬲賾賶 丕賱丌賳. 賵賴賰匕丕 丕賰鬲卮賮賳 兀賷囟丕賸 兀賳 賲丕 賰丕賳賻 賷賮毓賱賴 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮賷 丕賱賲噩賲賱 兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷賾丞貙 賵亘爻亘亘 乇睾亘鬲賴賳 賮賷 鬲乇賯賷丞 丿賵乇 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷貙 亘丨孬賳 亘噩丿 毓賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 賮毓賱賳 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱乇噩丕賱. 賴賰匕丕貙 賵賱丿 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱鬲毓賵賷囟賷.
賲丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賴賵 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱賲賳丕囟賱丕鬲 丕賱賳賾爻賵賷丕鬲 丕賱丌賳貙 兀賷賾 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 匕賻賱賰賻 丕賱賲爻乇丨貙 賵兀孬丕孬丕鬲賴貙 賵丿毓丕賲丕鬲賴貙 賵賲禺乇噩賴貙 賵賰丕鬲亘 賳氐賾賴貙 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 丕賱胤賮賱 賮賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丞 丕賱禺乇丕賮賷丞 丕賱匕賷 丕賰鬲卮賮 兀賳 丕賱廿賲亘乇丕胤賵乇 賰丕賳賻 毓丕乇賷丕賸貙 賵賱賳賯賱貙 廿賳 丕賱賱丕賲爻丕賵丕丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 亘賷賳賳丕 鬲賰賲賳 丿丕禺賱 賴匕丕 丕賱廿胤丕乇. 毓賳丿賴丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷賲夭賯賳賴."
睾賷乇丿丕 賱賷乇賳乇 賲賳 賲賯丿賲丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱毓馗賷賲 丕賱賵丕噩亘 賯乇丕亍鬲賴馃挋
April 23, 2015
The Creation of Patriarchy was written by Gerda Lerner and published in 1986, making it slightly outdated but nonetheless, relevant and though-provoking. Lerner writes in a sophisticated and academic kind of way which really appealed to me in particular. It was rich with history, presented in a scholarly fashion which only served to enhance its readability.
Lerner did her homework and cited many useful sources where she retrieved her own information and she carefully details her conclusions and opinions in a succinct, to-the-point manner. One could easily discern that Lerner鈥檚 passion is women鈥檚 history and that is something we share. However, I quickly realized there was a whole world of women鈥檚 history I knew absolutely nothing about and it was the era in which she drew her conclusions and theories.
She argues that Patriarchy was firmly established before written and recorded history began. That its origins may be in the gender roles of an archaic time in which men hunted and women were horticulturists. She explores this and argues that though it may have been natural then, patriarchy is not a natural state now. It is an historical development over many centuries and during a time in human history in which lifespans were shorter and education vastly different. She goes on to explain the developments of the economy and politics and the roles those things played in the subjugation of women.
Her exploration of the role of religion is fascinating as well. She explains that early religions featured strong female deities whose sexuality and fertility were celebrated rather than controlled. These female deities were demoted as monotheistic religion became popular and further strengthened by king-ship states. The male head of the family was the dominant member and this only solidified as the nation-state became solidified under a unifying king. With the birth of monotheistic religions, women were removed from the ability to communicate with the divine. Their communication with the heavens then had to be mediated through men. The only power a woman could achieve from this time until 19th-20th century would only be achieved through men. In my opinion, religion and politics and economic factors drove this domination to its ultimate fever-pitch.
Lerner offers various details and evidence left from other ancient societies that male hegemony is historical and not natural. She cites the Iroquois tribe of North America, Spartan society and other societies whose gender roles and freedoms are far different from the patriarchal structure that popped up all over during this time period. Women in these societies enjoyed a better quality of life than a woman in Babylon or Mesopotamia who could be sold into sexual slavery and servitude for life by her husband in order to pay a debt.
By far the most fascinating of all was her attention to the earliest laws recorded in human history. She saw these laws as a reflection of the times. She was able to draw conclusions from the patterns she investigated and she noticed that these same patterns appeared in other eras and places based on their own economic and political evolution. The rise of militarism obviously had a great deal to do with the restrictions and abuses imposed upon women.
However, one thing that has set Lerner apart from other feminist writers (with the exception of Simone DeBeauvoir) is that she explores female complicity in their own reification and marginalized status. She argues that because women allowed this and passed it on to their children that they played an active role equal to the men of their time in their own subjugation and dehumanization.
There were methods of control in the past that still exist today which force women into a secondary status. In the ancient era, because of the female鈥檚 unique biological difference to men, they were commoditized and reified no different than animals or other property. Women and their sexuality were controlled and she carefully explores all of this in a subjective way. The origins of the importance of virginity come from this time period, as well as the numerous stereotypes and gender-role ideology that still flourishes in modern society.
Lerner also explains that during this time came the emergence of slave-societies. She explains that in her research, she discovered that the first slaves were women. Though she focuses exclusively on Western Civilization, she acknowledges that Eastern tradition, culture and history also reflect the same developments. The careful attention to the development of slavery was a subject that enthralled and captivated me. There was a great deal of information that I myself had never known. Lerner only stirred the pot of curiosity bubbling riotously inside me and I would recommend this book to anyone hoping to stir that same curiosity.
I found this book by chance and I am grateful. I am even more grateful to stumble upon the second volume as well. It opened my eyes, enlightened my mind and made my feminist anger turn into wonder and speculation. We are all victims of this left-over archaic structure and ideology. Men and women share equal responsibility for its formation and we are both responsible for its replacement of a more sensible, more efficient system in which everyone is realized as equal and are allowed to reach their full potential as human beings. As a feminist, it is easy to lose sight of this and to believe that one half oppresses the other half when it is simply not so. We share this burden. We share the ability to change this system.
In conclusion, it has piqued my interest in early law, polytheistic religions featuring female deities and the development of civilization. Thanks to Lerner, I plan on exploring these topics and whatever else crops up in their way. She has made a priceless contribution to the world of knowledge and scholarship and to her I am grateful beyond measure.
Lerner did her homework and cited many useful sources where she retrieved her own information and she carefully details her conclusions and opinions in a succinct, to-the-point manner. One could easily discern that Lerner鈥檚 passion is women鈥檚 history and that is something we share. However, I quickly realized there was a whole world of women鈥檚 history I knew absolutely nothing about and it was the era in which she drew her conclusions and theories.
She argues that Patriarchy was firmly established before written and recorded history began. That its origins may be in the gender roles of an archaic time in which men hunted and women were horticulturists. She explores this and argues that though it may have been natural then, patriarchy is not a natural state now. It is an historical development over many centuries and during a time in human history in which lifespans were shorter and education vastly different. She goes on to explain the developments of the economy and politics and the roles those things played in the subjugation of women.
Her exploration of the role of religion is fascinating as well. She explains that early religions featured strong female deities whose sexuality and fertility were celebrated rather than controlled. These female deities were demoted as monotheistic religion became popular and further strengthened by king-ship states. The male head of the family was the dominant member and this only solidified as the nation-state became solidified under a unifying king. With the birth of monotheistic religions, women were removed from the ability to communicate with the divine. Their communication with the heavens then had to be mediated through men. The only power a woman could achieve from this time until 19th-20th century would only be achieved through men. In my opinion, religion and politics and economic factors drove this domination to its ultimate fever-pitch.
Lerner offers various details and evidence left from other ancient societies that male hegemony is historical and not natural. She cites the Iroquois tribe of North America, Spartan society and other societies whose gender roles and freedoms are far different from the patriarchal structure that popped up all over during this time period. Women in these societies enjoyed a better quality of life than a woman in Babylon or Mesopotamia who could be sold into sexual slavery and servitude for life by her husband in order to pay a debt.
By far the most fascinating of all was her attention to the earliest laws recorded in human history. She saw these laws as a reflection of the times. She was able to draw conclusions from the patterns she investigated and she noticed that these same patterns appeared in other eras and places based on their own economic and political evolution. The rise of militarism obviously had a great deal to do with the restrictions and abuses imposed upon women.
However, one thing that has set Lerner apart from other feminist writers (with the exception of Simone DeBeauvoir) is that she explores female complicity in their own reification and marginalized status. She argues that because women allowed this and passed it on to their children that they played an active role equal to the men of their time in their own subjugation and dehumanization.
There were methods of control in the past that still exist today which force women into a secondary status. In the ancient era, because of the female鈥檚 unique biological difference to men, they were commoditized and reified no different than animals or other property. Women and their sexuality were controlled and she carefully explores all of this in a subjective way. The origins of the importance of virginity come from this time period, as well as the numerous stereotypes and gender-role ideology that still flourishes in modern society.
Lerner also explains that during this time came the emergence of slave-societies. She explains that in her research, she discovered that the first slaves were women. Though she focuses exclusively on Western Civilization, she acknowledges that Eastern tradition, culture and history also reflect the same developments. The careful attention to the development of slavery was a subject that enthralled and captivated me. There was a great deal of information that I myself had never known. Lerner only stirred the pot of curiosity bubbling riotously inside me and I would recommend this book to anyone hoping to stir that same curiosity.
I found this book by chance and I am grateful. I am even more grateful to stumble upon the second volume as well. It opened my eyes, enlightened my mind and made my feminist anger turn into wonder and speculation. We are all victims of this left-over archaic structure and ideology. Men and women share equal responsibility for its formation and we are both responsible for its replacement of a more sensible, more efficient system in which everyone is realized as equal and are allowed to reach their full potential as human beings. As a feminist, it is easy to lose sight of this and to believe that one half oppresses the other half when it is simply not so. We share this burden. We share the ability to change this system.
In conclusion, it has piqued my interest in early law, polytheistic religions featuring female deities and the development of civilization. Thanks to Lerner, I plan on exploring these topics and whatever else crops up in their way. She has made a priceless contribution to the world of knowledge and scholarship and to her I am grateful beyond measure.
August 3, 2013
Let me get straight to the heart of my issues with this book:
1. The narrow focus and even narrower interpretive methodology which is presented as something much wider in scope and implication than what it really is. Ms. Lerner rarely departs from a 2,000 year period in Mesopotamia, almost entirely ignoring other cultures around the world. All of her interpretation is divorced from the original languages in question, and those interpretations are entirely filtered through a Marxist (read: materialist) lens.
2. Ms. Lerner is very euro-centric and misogynist in regards to her historical point of view, and insults the intelligence of just about every woman who ever lived when she says: "It is only in this century that for a small group of women - still only a tiny minority considered on a global scale - the preconditions of educational access and equity have at last become available, so that women themselves could begin to "see" and hence define their predicament." (p. 231) In other words, not only have women before the last 200 years or so (and most women currently outside of the western academic world) been too stupid to see reality for what it is, but in order for them to see it, they needed access to the educational edifice which men have been busy constructing for the past 3000 years. Just to state the obvious, this is not my view, I am merely following her own logic here using her words. In fact, using her own words, women would have never noticed their oppression were it not for the Industrial Revoulution (pp. 241-2), which was brought to us by men (pp. 12-13).
3. Ms. Lerner has a clear disgust for motherhood and nature. "The supplanting of hard physical labor by the labor of machines is considered progress; only women, in their ("traditionalists" - I am by no means one according to the definition she gives btw) view are doomed forever to species service (yes, raising a child is called 'species service') through their biology. To claim that of all human activities only female nurturance is unchanging and eternal (FYI I do not make this claim) is indeed to consign half the human race to a lower state of existence - to nature rather than culture." (p. 20) So... yeah, this whole sentence kind of summed the book up for me. Nature as lower than culture? Life in harmony with nature as a 'lower state of existence'? How Orwellian can this possibly get? And for the record, she does say in the book that "anatomy was once destiny" (p. 53), and that "tribes and groups which women did not mother well probably could not and did not survive". So essentially her entire argument hinges on the idea that, through technology, humanity is 'progressing' and transcending nature and that women shouldn't be left behind with, you know, the mundane task of raising kids to be kind and decent people in the future.
Now I am not saying that women's only 'job' should be raising kids and pumping babies out, but I find her elitism in claiming to be inherently above all that while simultaneously striving for *all* women to be free from that as very unhuman. No human being, man or woman, should consider raising their child a cumbersome task that is beneath them, referred to as 'species service'. If you hate people that much then you should be consigned to your ivory tower where the only thing you will ever have to deal with are books which already agree with what you believe, and perhaps a naive teacher's aide who will confront you from time to time with the weakest possible argument against your position.
4. The word 'power' is thrown around a lot in this book but never adequately defined.
Disclaimer: I picked up this book because I want to learn. I didn't want to come out with guns firing, but Marxist dialectics tend to do that for me. I will continue to look into the subject matter with an open mind. Also, I gave it 2 stars instead of 1 because I do agree with a lot of minor points she makes about imbalances in gender, though, as she states herself (p. 241), I think this is mostly a result of the Industrial Revolution, whose social upheaval we are still adjusting too. (I'm also not saying things were perfect before that by any means, but it was very different and difficult to compare)
Also, for the record, if I HAD to pick a 'superior sex', I think I would choose women. Ms. Lerner doesn't seem to understand why, and that's fine - what bothers me is her claims of universality for not only all women but all cultures, and *that* is sexist and neo-imperialist.
1. The narrow focus and even narrower interpretive methodology which is presented as something much wider in scope and implication than what it really is. Ms. Lerner rarely departs from a 2,000 year period in Mesopotamia, almost entirely ignoring other cultures around the world. All of her interpretation is divorced from the original languages in question, and those interpretations are entirely filtered through a Marxist (read: materialist) lens.
2. Ms. Lerner is very euro-centric and misogynist in regards to her historical point of view, and insults the intelligence of just about every woman who ever lived when she says: "It is only in this century that for a small group of women - still only a tiny minority considered on a global scale - the preconditions of educational access and equity have at last become available, so that women themselves could begin to "see" and hence define their predicament." (p. 231) In other words, not only have women before the last 200 years or so (and most women currently outside of the western academic world) been too stupid to see reality for what it is, but in order for them to see it, they needed access to the educational edifice which men have been busy constructing for the past 3000 years. Just to state the obvious, this is not my view, I am merely following her own logic here using her words. In fact, using her own words, women would have never noticed their oppression were it not for the Industrial Revoulution (pp. 241-2), which was brought to us by men (pp. 12-13).
3. Ms. Lerner has a clear disgust for motherhood and nature. "The supplanting of hard physical labor by the labor of machines is considered progress; only women, in their ("traditionalists" - I am by no means one according to the definition she gives btw) view are doomed forever to species service (yes, raising a child is called 'species service') through their biology. To claim that of all human activities only female nurturance is unchanging and eternal (FYI I do not make this claim) is indeed to consign half the human race to a lower state of existence - to nature rather than culture." (p. 20) So... yeah, this whole sentence kind of summed the book up for me. Nature as lower than culture? Life in harmony with nature as a 'lower state of existence'? How Orwellian can this possibly get? And for the record, she does say in the book that "anatomy was once destiny" (p. 53), and that "tribes and groups which women did not mother well probably could not and did not survive". So essentially her entire argument hinges on the idea that, through technology, humanity is 'progressing' and transcending nature and that women shouldn't be left behind with, you know, the mundane task of raising kids to be kind and decent people in the future.
Now I am not saying that women's only 'job' should be raising kids and pumping babies out, but I find her elitism in claiming to be inherently above all that while simultaneously striving for *all* women to be free from that as very unhuman. No human being, man or woman, should consider raising their child a cumbersome task that is beneath them, referred to as 'species service'. If you hate people that much then you should be consigned to your ivory tower where the only thing you will ever have to deal with are books which already agree with what you believe, and perhaps a naive teacher's aide who will confront you from time to time with the weakest possible argument against your position.
4. The word 'power' is thrown around a lot in this book but never adequately defined.
Disclaimer: I picked up this book because I want to learn. I didn't want to come out with guns firing, but Marxist dialectics tend to do that for me. I will continue to look into the subject matter with an open mind. Also, I gave it 2 stars instead of 1 because I do agree with a lot of minor points she makes about imbalances in gender, though, as she states herself (p. 241), I think this is mostly a result of the Industrial Revolution, whose social upheaval we are still adjusting too. (I'm also not saying things were perfect before that by any means, but it was very different and difficult to compare)
Also, for the record, if I HAD to pick a 'superior sex', I think I would choose women. Ms. Lerner doesn't seem to understand why, and that's fine - what bothers me is her claims of universality for not only all women but all cultures, and *that* is sexist and neo-imperialist.
March 17, 2013
"Women's History is indispensable and essential to the emancipation of women" Gerda Lerner writes in the introduction to this book, a conviction she says "rests on my observation of the profound changes in consciousness which students of Women's History experience. Women's History changes their lives."
Reading Lerner's thought-provoking and essential book, it's not hard to see why. The Creation of Patriarchy offers fascinating insight into the roots of gender relations so basic to social organization that they remain not merely unquestioned but effectively invisible. Her central thesis - that the shift from hunting / gathering to agriculture was accompanied by a reification of female sexuality that turned the reproductive capacity of women into a form of property to be controlled and traded by men, and that this domination of women provided the template for the establishment of first slavery and then the class system, making it the essential basis for all subsequent social organization - is coherently and persuasively argued; and her accounts of the ways in which the key texts of Western civilization - principally the Old Testament and the works of Aristotle - enable and validate the patriarchy by constructing the matrix of symbols that give it power, guarantee that I will never read these works in the same way again.
What struck me most as I read the book, however, was how little the fundamentals of patriarchy have changed over the millennia. Consider, for example, her description of societies that "develop patriarchal monogamous marriages, homogamy, strong emphasis on premarital charity, and a high degree of societal control over the sexual behavior of women." Lerner is writing about ancient Mesopotamia, but the description applies to dozens of states in the US ca. 2013. In that sense, The Creation of Patriarchy is both a profound account of the historical roots of the institution and a outraged testament to the causes of its enduring power.
My only regret is that it took me this long to discover Lerner's work.
Reading Lerner's thought-provoking and essential book, it's not hard to see why. The Creation of Patriarchy offers fascinating insight into the roots of gender relations so basic to social organization that they remain not merely unquestioned but effectively invisible. Her central thesis - that the shift from hunting / gathering to agriculture was accompanied by a reification of female sexuality that turned the reproductive capacity of women into a form of property to be controlled and traded by men, and that this domination of women provided the template for the establishment of first slavery and then the class system, making it the essential basis for all subsequent social organization - is coherently and persuasively argued; and her accounts of the ways in which the key texts of Western civilization - principally the Old Testament and the works of Aristotle - enable and validate the patriarchy by constructing the matrix of symbols that give it power, guarantee that I will never read these works in the same way again.
What struck me most as I read the book, however, was how little the fundamentals of patriarchy have changed over the millennia. Consider, for example, her description of societies that "develop patriarchal monogamous marriages, homogamy, strong emphasis on premarital charity, and a high degree of societal control over the sexual behavior of women." Lerner is writing about ancient Mesopotamia, but the description applies to dozens of states in the US ca. 2013. In that sense, The Creation of Patriarchy is both a profound account of the historical roots of the institution and a outraged testament to the causes of its enduring power.
My only regret is that it took me this long to discover Lerner's work.
February 14, 2018
Me ha gustado much铆simo y me entristece que esta historiadora no sea m谩s conocida.
Muri贸 en 2013 y creo que pas贸 bastante sin pena ni gloria.
A pesar de que este libro en particular pueda parecer muy acad茅mico, yo lo he encontrado muy asequible y pedag贸gico.
Un gran descubrimiento en mi incursi贸n autodidacta en lecturas feministas, que descubr铆 gracias a un grupo de 欧宝娱乐.
Llevo pocas lecturas de esta tem谩tica, nada planificadas e intercaladas con otro tipo de lecturas, pero las estoy disfrutando todas much铆simo.
Me quedo con las ganas de la segunda parte de este estudio que desgraciadamente no se ha traducido al castellano: The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy y que intentar茅 leer en ingl茅s.
"La creaci贸n del patriarcado" me ha dado mucho en lo que pensar y seguramente volver茅 a 茅l de vez en cuando. Lo tengo muy subrayado.
Si alguien me quiere aconsejar m谩s libros feministas, las sugerencias ser谩n bienvenidas.
Muri贸 en 2013 y creo que pas贸 bastante sin pena ni gloria.
A pesar de que este libro en particular pueda parecer muy acad茅mico, yo lo he encontrado muy asequible y pedag贸gico.
Un gran descubrimiento en mi incursi贸n autodidacta en lecturas feministas, que descubr铆 gracias a un grupo de 欧宝娱乐.
Llevo pocas lecturas de esta tem谩tica, nada planificadas e intercaladas con otro tipo de lecturas, pero las estoy disfrutando todas much铆simo.
Me quedo con las ganas de la segunda parte de este estudio que desgraciadamente no se ha traducido al castellano: The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy y que intentar茅 leer en ingl茅s.
"La creaci贸n del patriarcado" me ha dado mucho en lo que pensar y seguramente volver茅 a 茅l de vez en cuando. Lo tengo muy subrayado.
Si alguien me quiere aconsejar m谩s libros feministas, las sugerencias ser谩n bienvenidas.
July 28, 2020
鬲亘丿兀 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 亘賲賯丿賲丞 鬲噩丕丿賱 賮賷賴丕 兀賳 鬲丿賵賷賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 亘丿兀 賲毓 馗賴賵乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 賮賷 亘賱丕丿 賲丕亘賷賳 丕賱賳賴乇賷賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 丨鬲賶 賵賯鬲 賯乇賷亘 賰丕賳 賲丐乇禺賵賴 乇噩丕賱 賵丕禺鬲丕乇賵丕 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 丕賱鬲賷 乇兀賵賴丕 賲賳丕爻亘丞 賱賱鬲丿賵賷賳 賵爻噩賱賵賴丕 賵賮爻乇賾賵賴丕 賵兀毓胤賵賴丕 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 賵丕賱賲毓賳賶. 賵賰丕賳鬲 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 丕賱鬲賷 爻噩賱賵賴丕 賵兀毓胤賵賴丕 兀賴賲賷丞 賴賷 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 賵噩乇亘賴 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵鬲乇賰賵丕 鬲噩丕乇亘 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵賲丕賮毓賱鬲賴 丕賱賳爻丕亍 兀賲丕 睾賷乇 賲丿賾賵賳 兀賵 賲賴賲賱 兀賵 鬲賲 鬲賴賲賷卮賴 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 丨賷孬 鬲賲 丕賯氐丕亍賴賲 亘卮賰賱 賲購賲賳賴噩 賲賳 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 賵丕賱毓賱賵賲 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵氐賳丕毓丞 丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賵丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賵 丕賳卮丕亍 乇賲賵夭 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賮賷 賵賯鬲 亘賳丕亍 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賵鬲卮賷賷丿賴丕 賵賲賳 賴賳丕 鬲噩丕丿賱 兀賳 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賳爻丕亍 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 囟乇賵乇賷丞 賲賳 兀噩賱 " 丕賳毓鬲丕賯賴賲" 賲賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵丕賱賲購囟賷 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱.
鬲乇賮囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賮賰乇丞 鬲氐賵賷乇 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賰囟丨丕賷丕 賲賳匕 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賯胤 亘爻亘亘 賮鬲乇丞 " 禺囟賵毓賴賲" 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丕賱乇噩賱 賵鬲乇賶 兀賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賲賴賲 兀賳 鬲爻賵丿 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵賲鬲賳賵毓丞 賱賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱丕乇賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵丕賱賮噩賵丞 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賳毓賱賲 毓賳賴丕 卮賷 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 丨賷孬 兀賳 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱毓賯賱 賵丕賳賮鬲丕丨賴 毓賱賶 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賴賲 賱賮賴賲 兀賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲鬲睾賷乇 賵賲鬲亘丿賱 賰賲丕 賴賵 "丿賵乇" 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賲鬲亘丿賱 賵賲鬲睾賷乇 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.
丕賱賮乇囟賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賴賷 : " 兀賳 丕賱乇噩賱 賵丕賱賲乇兀丞 兀爻丕爻賷賳 賵賲乇賰夭 賱賱丨囟丕乇丞 賮賰賷賮 丕賳鬲賴賶 丕賱兀賲乇 亘丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘兀賳 鬲卮睾賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賰丕賳丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賮賷 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞責! ".
鬲爻鬲毓乇囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀賴賲 噩丿丕賱丕鬲 賵丨購噩噩 賲丕 鬲爻賲賷賴賲 亘丕賱賭 "丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷賳" 丕賱匕賷賳 毓丕乇囟賵丕 賵賵丕噩賴賵丕 賲胤丕賱亘 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賮賷 亘丿丕賷鬲賴丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 鬲賱禺賷氐賴丕 賮賷 賳馗乇賷鬲賷賳: "賲丐賷丿賷賳 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺囟賵毓 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷 丕賱賰賵賳賷": 禺囟賵毓 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賱賱乇噩賱 兀賲乇 胤亘賷毓賷 賵賰賵賳賷 賵鬲賯丿賲 丕賱丨噩噩 賮賷 :
1. 丕胤丕乇 丿賷賳賷: 丕賱賱賴 禺賱賯 丕賱賰賵賳 賵賵夭毓 丕賱丕丿賵丕乇 賵丕賱賲賴賲丕鬲 賵亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 賵噩賵丿 毓丿賲 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賵禺囟賵毓 丕賱賲乇丕丞 賱賱乇噩賱 賮賷 丕賱賳氐賵氐 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賴賷 孬丕亘鬲丞 賵賱賷爻鬲 賲鬲睾賷乇丞 賵胤丕賱賲丕 賴賷 賲賳 毓賳丿 丕賱賱賴 賱丕 賷噩亘 丕賱噩丿丕賱 賮賷賴丕 兀賵 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 毓賱賷賴丕.
2. 丕胤丕乇 胤亘賷毓賷 : 賵噩賵丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 ( 賮乇賵賯 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞) 丿賱賷賱 毓賱賶 毓丿丕賱丞 賵胤亘賷毓賷丞 丕賱丕丿丕賵乇 賵丕賱賲賴丕賲 賵丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 丕毓胤丕亍賴丕 賱賱賲乇丕丞.
3. 丕胤丕乇 丕賷丿賵賱賵噩賷: 丕賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱兀賲賵賲丞 :鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賵馗賷賮鬲賴丕 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丞. 賲乇兀丞= 兀賲. 賵 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賯丿乇丞 丕賱廿賳噩丕亘賷丞 賱賱賲乇兀丞 賵丕毓胤丕亍賴丕 丕賱賯氐賵賶 丕賱賲胤賱賯丞 賵丕賱賴丿賮 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賴丕 賰囟乇賵乇丞 賱賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷.
4. 丕胤丕乇 賱丕鬲丕乇賷禺賷: 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱氐賷丕丿 氐丕丨亘 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱噩爻丿賷丞 賵丕賱毓丿賵丕賳賷 丕賱匕賷 賲賰賳鬲賴 鬲噩乇亘鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱氐賷丿 賵鬲賵賮賷乇 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賲賳 兀賳 賷氐亘丨 賲丨丕乇亘 賵亘卮賰賱 胤亘賷毓賷 賷丨賲賷 丕賱兀賳孬賶 " 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 噩爻丿賷丕賸" 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨氐乇賴丕 噩爻賲賴丕 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 賮賷 丕賱兀賲賵賲丞 賵乇毓丕賷丞 丕賱胤賮賱 賵丕賱丕毓鬲賳丕亍 亘丕賱賲賳夭賱.
5. 丕胤丕乇 毓賱賲賷 鬲賲 丕賱鬲賵噩賴 賱賴 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿: 賲亘賳賷 毓賱賶 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賱丨賯丕卅賯 毓賱賲賷丞 賲賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲: 鬲兀賵賷賱 丨賯丕卅賯 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕囟賮丕亍 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲賳丕爻亘 賵賷乇爻禺 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞.
鬲賵乇丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀丿賱丞 賵丨購噩噩 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 鬲賲 丕賱乇丿 賮賷賴丕 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱噩丿丕賱丕鬲 賵賳賯囟賴丕貙 孬賲 鬲爻鬲毓乇囟 丨購噩噩 " 賲購賳丕賴囟賷賳 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺囟賵毓 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷 丕賱賰賵賳賷" 丕賱賲鬲賲孬賱丞 賮賷:
1. 賲爻丕賵丕丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲毓 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲賳丿 毓賱賶 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賱丕賳噩賱夭.
2. 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱廿賳丕孬 賵鬲賵賮賯賴賲: 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丕鬲 丕賱賮乇賵賯 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞賵賲丕 鬲丨賲賱賴 賲賳 氐賮丕鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 " 丕賱賴亘丞" 賵 " 丕賱鬲賮賵賯" 丨賷孬 兀賳 賲賴賲丞 丕賱乇毓丕賷丞 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵乇丕亘胤丞 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 亘賷賳 丕賱丕賲 賵丕賱胤賮賱 鬲賲賳丨賴丕 禺氐丕卅氐 賲毓賷賳丞 "兀毓賱賶" 賵兀爻賲賶" 賵兀賰孬乇 鬲賮賵賯 賲賳 禺氐丕卅氐 丕賱乇噩賱 賵賴賷 賲鬲賲孬賱丞 賮賷 賳夭毓丞 丕賱禺賷乇 毓賳丿賴賲 丕賯賵賶 賲賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵兀賰孬乇 丕禺賱丕氐 賵丕賷孬丕乇 賵毓丕胤賮丞 賲賲丕 賷購賴賷兀 丕賱賲乇兀丞 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 丕賱乇噩賱 賱賲乇丕賰夭 丕賱賯賷丕丿丞 賵丕丿丕乇丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賳 賳夭毓丞 丕賱匕賰賵乇 賱賱鬲丿賲賷乇 賵丕賱毓賳賮 賵丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴丿丿 亘賯丕亍 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳.
3. 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賵鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 賱賱丨賯丕卅賯 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 兀賵 兀丿賱丞 丕乇賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 噩丿賷丿丞 賵賵噩賴丕鬲 賳馗乇 賳爻賵賷丕鬲.
賳丕賯卮鬲 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賳噩賱夭 賵賲賵丕囟毓 丕賱賯氐賵乇 賮賷賴丕 賵兀卮丕丿鬲 亘亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮鬲丨 賲噩丕賱 賱賱鬲爻丕丐賱 賵賳賯丿鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賵賲賳賴丕 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丞 賵乇賮囟鬲 賵噩賵丿 賳馗丕賲 兀賲賵賲賷 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賰氐賵乇丞 賲毓丕賰爻丞 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賲毓 賵噩賵丿 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 兀賲賵賲賷丞 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻亘 賮賷賴丕 賱賱兀賲 賵賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 鬲賲鬲毓鬲 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘丨賯賵賯 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞. 賵囟毓鬲 毓卮乇 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵賳丕賯卮鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賳 爻丐丕賱: 兀氐賱 "禺囟賵毓" 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵馗乇賵賮賴 賵爻亘亘 丕賱鬲兀禺賷乇 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 賵毓賷 賳爻賵賷 賵兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱乇囟丕 亘丕賱毓賷卮 鬲丨鬲 賳馗丕賲 兀亘賵賷 賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 賳賯賱賴 賱賱兀亘賳丕亍 賲賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 兀噩賷丕賱. 賵鬲匕賰乇 氐賷丕睾丞 賳賲賵匕噩賴丕 丕賱丕賮鬲乇丕囟賷 丕賱鬲兀賵賷賱賷 賲鬲兀孬乇丞 亘丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賱賱兀氐賱 賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞.
鬲丐賰丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 毓賱賶 兀賳 賳卮兀丞 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賱賷爻 "丨丿孬" 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵丕丨丿 廿賳賲丕 爻賷乇賵乇丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 鬲胤賵乇鬲 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 2500 爻賳丞 鬲賯乇賷亘丕賸 賵丨丿孬鬲 賯亘賱 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿 丿丕禺賱 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕丿賳賶 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賮賷 賲乇丕丨賱 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵兀賵賯丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 毓丿丞 毓賵丕賲賱 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮賷 賲賯丿賲鬲賴丕 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 "囟乇賵乇丞" 孬賲 兀氐亘丨 " 賲賳鬲噩 孬賯丕賮賷" 鬲賲 賮乇囟賴 賵賲兀爻爻鬲賴 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵噩賲賷毓 賲丐爻爻丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵丿賵乇 丕賱兀丿賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賵丨賷丿賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賴亘賵胤 亘賲賰丕賳丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱廿賱賴 丕賱匕賰乇 賵鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賵丿賵乇 乇賲賵夭 丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱賲禺賮賷丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 賮賷 丕囟賮丕亍 丕賱賯賷賲丞 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱匕賰乇賷丞 賵丕賱囟毓賮 毓賱賶 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷丞 賵鬲氐賳賷賮賴丕 賰兀賯賱 兀賴賲賷丞.
丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘:
1. 丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賱賱賵賯鬲 賵丕賱噩賴丿 賮賷 賮賴賲 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賲賳 賳丕丨賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 鬲賯丿賷賲 賳馗乇丞 卮丕賲賱丞 毓賳 兀賴賲 丕賱丨購噩噩 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賮賷賴丕 毓賳丿 丕賳胤賱丕賯鬲賴丕 賵賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賳爻賵賷丕鬲 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賵賴匕丕 賲賳 兀賮囟賱 丕賱賮氐賵賱 賱丕丨鬲賵丕卅賴 毓賱賶 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞.
2. 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賮賷 鬲賯丿賷賲 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳 賲賳胤賱賯 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱毓賯賱 賵賮鬲丨 丕賱賲噩丕賱 賱丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賵乇賮囟 丕賱賲爻賱賲丕鬲 賰丨賯賷賯丞 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱噩丿賱.
3. 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷孬賷乇賴丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 賲孬賱: 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲.. 賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱毓賱賷丕 賵賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞責! 賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 賲賱賰責!
4. 賮氐賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳 丨賲賵乇丕亘賷 賵丕賱丕卮賵乇乇賷賳 賵鬲胤丕亘賯 亘毓囟賴丕 賲毓 亘毓囟 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賱賱賷賵賲 ( 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞).
5. 賱賮鬲 丕賱丕賳鬲亘丕賴 廿賱賶 兀賳 賲賯丕乇賳丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲毓 丕賱乇噩賱 賮賷 賳馗丕賲 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 賱丕 鬲鬲賵囟丨 丕賱丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賲賯丕乇賳丞 賵囟毓 丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘賵囟毓 丕賱乇噩賱 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱胤亘賯丞.
6. 乇賲賵夭 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 賵鬲亘丿賱賴丕 賵丕囟賮丕亍 氐亘睾丞 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 毓賱賷賴丕 賵丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 賰賲毓胤賶 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 賵丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丞 賰賲賳鬲噩 孬賯丕賮賷 賲鬲亘丿賱. Sex/gender.
7. 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 賮賷 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰孬賷乇丞 噩丿丕賸 賵丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱賲亘匕賵賱 賰亘賷乇.
8. 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賵丕噩賴鬲賴丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丨賯賵賯賴丕 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 can鈥檛 relate 賵兀丨爻爻鬲 丕賳賴丕 " 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨噩乇賷" 賵賱賷爻 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賮賷 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賱賴匕丕 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賵兀囟丨賰鬲賳賷 亘毓囟 丕賱鬲賴賰賲丕鬲 賵賳睾夭丕鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 毓賳 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷 丕賱賷 賷賯亘賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 賮賷 賰賱卮賷 賵賷乇賮囟 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 賲賳 賳丕丨賷丞 鬲兀孬賷乇賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賲乇兀丞. ( 兀賳賯賱 丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱兀爻賮賱).
丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞:
1. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賯丿賷賲貙 賵賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賮氐賵賱 賰丕賳 賷賵噩丿 鬲賳丕賯囟 賵鬲毓賲賷賲丕鬲 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨丞 賵賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賮賷 睾賷乇 賲賵囟毓賴丕 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘.
2. 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 丕賱丕賮鬲乇丕囟賷 丕賱匕賷 亘賳鬲賴 賵兀賵賾賱鬲賴 毓賱賶 兀丿賱丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱丕 賷禺鬲賱賮 毓賳 丕賳噩賱夭 丕賱丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱爻亘亘. 丕賳噩賱夭 亘賳賶 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 "丕賱乇噩賱 氐賷丕丿" 賵 " 丕賱賲乇兀丞 乇毓丕賷丞" 賰兀丿賵丕乇 " 胤亘賷毓賷丞" 賲賳 鬲毓賲賷賲 兀丿賱丞 賲噩鬲賲毓 毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲. 噩賷乇丿丕 兀賰丿鬲 兀賳賴丕 鬲毓賱賲 亘丕丨鬲賲丕賱賷丞 賲丕 鬲爻賷乇 丕賱賷賴 丕賱丕丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賳賵毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賲賳 丨賷孬 兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賵 亘賳丕亍 賳賲賵匕噩 毓賱賶 " 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳賷丞" 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 賯亘賱 賵噩賵丿 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞. ( 賳賮爻 丕賱賳鬲賷噩丞 ).
3. 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 氐賷丕睾丞 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賲鬲鬲丕亘毓丞 亘丿賵賳 丕賯鬲胤丕毓丕鬲 賲賳 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵賳馗乇賷丕鬲 賳爻賵賷丞 賱賷爻 賱賴丕 睾乇囟 賮賷 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 賲賲丕 兀丿賶 廿賱賶 鬲卮鬲鬲 賵氐毓賵亘丞 賮賷 丕賱賲鬲丕亘毓丞.
4. 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賱賲 兀卮毓乇 兀賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀噩丕丿鬲 鬲賵氐賷賱 兀賮賰丕乇賴丕 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賵丕囟丨丞 賵亘毓囟 丕賱鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 乇兀賷鬲賴丕 desperate attempts 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丿賵乇 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 氐賳丕毓丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞. 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷 賱丕 兀乇賶 兀賴賲賷丞 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴丕 賮賷 氐賳毓 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賮賷 賵賯鬲 鬲賲 丕賯氐丕亍賴丕 賮賷賴 亘卮賰賱 賲購賲賳賴噩 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丕賴賲丞 賮賷 兀賷 卮賷亍.
鈥� Men accept cultural changes bu which they have freed themselves from biological necessity: labor of machine considered progress - only women in their view doomed forever to species-service through their biology鈥�.
鈥� To claim that of all of human activities only female nurturance is unchanging and external is indeed to consign half of the human race to a lower state of existence to nature rather than culture鈥�.
鈥� It should be obvious that aggressiveness of males, which may have been highly functional in the Stone Age is threatening human survival in the nuclear age鈥�.
鈥� At a time overpopulation and exhaustion of natural resources represent a real danger for human survival, to curb women鈥檚 procreation capacity may be more 鈥渁daptive鈥� than to foster them鈥�.
鬲乇賮囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賮賰乇丞 鬲氐賵賷乇 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賰囟丨丕賷丕 賲賳匕 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賯胤 亘爻亘亘 賮鬲乇丞 " 禺囟賵毓賴賲" 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丕賱乇噩賱 賵鬲乇賶 兀賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賲賴賲 兀賳 鬲爻賵丿 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵賲鬲賳賵毓丞 賱賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱丕乇賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵丕賱賮噩賵丞 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賳毓賱賲 毓賳賴丕 卮賷 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 丨賷孬 兀賳 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱毓賯賱 賵丕賳賮鬲丕丨賴 毓賱賶 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賴賲 賱賮賴賲 兀賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲鬲睾賷乇 賵賲鬲亘丿賱 賰賲丕 賴賵 "丿賵乇" 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賲鬲亘丿賱 賵賲鬲睾賷乇 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.
丕賱賮乇囟賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賴賷 : " 兀賳 丕賱乇噩賱 賵丕賱賲乇兀丞 兀爻丕爻賷賳 賵賲乇賰夭 賱賱丨囟丕乇丞 賮賰賷賮 丕賳鬲賴賶 丕賱兀賲乇 亘丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘兀賳 鬲卮睾賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賰丕賳丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賮賷 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞責! ".
鬲爻鬲毓乇囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀賴賲 噩丿丕賱丕鬲 賵丨購噩噩 賲丕 鬲爻賲賷賴賲 亘丕賱賭 "丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷賳" 丕賱匕賷賳 毓丕乇囟賵丕 賵賵丕噩賴賵丕 賲胤丕賱亘 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賮賷 亘丿丕賷鬲賴丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 鬲賱禺賷氐賴丕 賮賷 賳馗乇賷鬲賷賳: "賲丐賷丿賷賳 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺囟賵毓 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷 丕賱賰賵賳賷": 禺囟賵毓 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賱賱乇噩賱 兀賲乇 胤亘賷毓賷 賵賰賵賳賷 賵鬲賯丿賲 丕賱丨噩噩 賮賷 :
1. 丕胤丕乇 丿賷賳賷: 丕賱賱賴 禺賱賯 丕賱賰賵賳 賵賵夭毓 丕賱丕丿賵丕乇 賵丕賱賲賴賲丕鬲 賵亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 賵噩賵丿 毓丿賲 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賵禺囟賵毓 丕賱賲乇丕丞 賱賱乇噩賱 賮賷 丕賱賳氐賵氐 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賴賷 孬丕亘鬲丞 賵賱賷爻鬲 賲鬲睾賷乇丞 賵胤丕賱賲丕 賴賷 賲賳 毓賳丿 丕賱賱賴 賱丕 賷噩亘 丕賱噩丿丕賱 賮賷賴丕 兀賵 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 毓賱賷賴丕.
2. 丕胤丕乇 胤亘賷毓賷 : 賵噩賵丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 ( 賮乇賵賯 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞) 丿賱賷賱 毓賱賶 毓丿丕賱丞 賵胤亘賷毓賷丞 丕賱丕丿丕賵乇 賵丕賱賲賴丕賲 賵丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 丕毓胤丕亍賴丕 賱賱賲乇丕丞.
3. 丕胤丕乇 丕賷丿賵賱賵噩賷: 丕賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱兀賲賵賲丞 :鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賵馗賷賮鬲賴丕 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丞. 賲乇兀丞= 兀賲. 賵 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賯丿乇丞 丕賱廿賳噩丕亘賷丞 賱賱賲乇兀丞 賵丕毓胤丕亍賴丕 丕賱賯氐賵賶 丕賱賲胤賱賯丞 賵丕賱賴丿賮 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賴丕 賰囟乇賵乇丞 賱賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷.
4. 丕胤丕乇 賱丕鬲丕乇賷禺賷: 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱氐賷丕丿 氐丕丨亘 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱噩爻丿賷丞 賵丕賱毓丿賵丕賳賷 丕賱匕賷 賲賰賳鬲賴 鬲噩乇亘鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱氐賷丿 賵鬲賵賮賷乇 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賲賳 兀賳 賷氐亘丨 賲丨丕乇亘 賵亘卮賰賱 胤亘賷毓賷 賷丨賲賷 丕賱兀賳孬賶 " 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 噩爻丿賷丕賸" 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨氐乇賴丕 噩爻賲賴丕 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 賮賷 丕賱兀賲賵賲丞 賵乇毓丕賷丞 丕賱胤賮賱 賵丕賱丕毓鬲賳丕亍 亘丕賱賲賳夭賱.
5. 丕胤丕乇 毓賱賲賷 鬲賲 丕賱鬲賵噩賴 賱賴 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿: 賲亘賳賷 毓賱賶 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賱丨賯丕卅賯 毓賱賲賷丞 賲賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲: 鬲兀賵賷賱 丨賯丕卅賯 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕囟賮丕亍 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲賳丕爻亘 賵賷乇爻禺 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞.
鬲賵乇丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀丿賱丞 賵丨購噩噩 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 鬲賲 丕賱乇丿 賮賷賴丕 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱噩丿丕賱丕鬲 賵賳賯囟賴丕貙 孬賲 鬲爻鬲毓乇囟 丨購噩噩 " 賲購賳丕賴囟賷賳 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺囟賵毓 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷 丕賱賰賵賳賷" 丕賱賲鬲賲孬賱丞 賮賷:
1. 賲爻丕賵丕丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲毓 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲賳丿 毓賱賶 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賱丕賳噩賱夭.
2. 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱廿賳丕孬 賵鬲賵賮賯賴賲: 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丕鬲 丕賱賮乇賵賯 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞賵賲丕 鬲丨賲賱賴 賲賳 氐賮丕鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 " 丕賱賴亘丞" 賵 " 丕賱鬲賮賵賯" 丨賷孬 兀賳 賲賴賲丞 丕賱乇毓丕賷丞 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵乇丕亘胤丞 丕賱賲賯丿爻丞 亘賷賳 丕賱丕賲 賵丕賱胤賮賱 鬲賲賳丨賴丕 禺氐丕卅氐 賲毓賷賳丞 "兀毓賱賶" 賵兀爻賲賶" 賵兀賰孬乇 鬲賮賵賯 賲賳 禺氐丕卅氐 丕賱乇噩賱 賵賴賷 賲鬲賲孬賱丞 賮賷 賳夭毓丞 丕賱禺賷乇 毓賳丿賴賲 丕賯賵賶 賲賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵兀賰孬乇 丕禺賱丕氐 賵丕賷孬丕乇 賵毓丕胤賮丞 賲賲丕 賷購賴賷兀 丕賱賲乇兀丞 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 丕賱乇噩賱 賱賲乇丕賰夭 丕賱賯賷丕丿丞 賵丕丿丕乇丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賳 賳夭毓丞 丕賱匕賰賵乇 賱賱鬲丿賲賷乇 賵丕賱毓賳賮 賵丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴丿丿 亘賯丕亍 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳.
3. 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賵鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 賱賱丨賯丕卅賯 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 兀賵 兀丿賱丞 丕乇賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 噩丿賷丿丞 賵賵噩賴丕鬲 賳馗乇 賳爻賵賷丕鬲.
賳丕賯卮鬲 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賳噩賱夭 賵賲賵丕囟毓 丕賱賯氐賵乇 賮賷賴丕 賵兀卮丕丿鬲 亘亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮鬲丨 賲噩丕賱 賱賱鬲爻丕丐賱 賵賳賯丿鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賵賲賳賴丕 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱兀賲賵賲賷丞 賵乇賮囟鬲 賵噩賵丿 賳馗丕賲 兀賲賵賲賷 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賰氐賵乇丞 賲毓丕賰爻丞 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賲毓 賵噩賵丿 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 兀賲賵賲賷丞 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻亘 賮賷賴丕 賱賱兀賲 賵賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 鬲賲鬲毓鬲 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘丨賯賵賯 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞. 賵囟毓鬲 毓卮乇 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵賳丕賯卮鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賳 爻丐丕賱: 兀氐賱 "禺囟賵毓" 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賵馗乇賵賮賴 賵爻亘亘 丕賱鬲兀禺賷乇 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 賵毓賷 賳爻賵賷 賵兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱乇囟丕 亘丕賱毓賷卮 鬲丨鬲 賳馗丕賲 兀亘賵賷 賵丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 賳賯賱賴 賱賱兀亘賳丕亍 賲賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 兀噩賷丕賱. 賵鬲匕賰乇 氐賷丕睾丞 賳賲賵匕噩賴丕 丕賱丕賮鬲乇丕囟賷 丕賱鬲兀賵賷賱賷 賲鬲兀孬乇丞 亘丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賱賱兀氐賱 賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞.
鬲丐賰丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 毓賱賶 兀賳 賳卮兀丞 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賱賷爻 "丨丿孬" 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵丕丨丿 廿賳賲丕 爻賷乇賵乇丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 鬲胤賵乇鬲 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 2500 爻賳丞 鬲賯乇賷亘丕賸 賵丨丿孬鬲 賯亘賱 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿 丿丕禺賱 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕丿賳賶 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賮賷 賲乇丕丨賱 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵兀賵賯丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 毓丿丞 毓賵丕賲賱 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮賷 賲賯丿賲鬲賴丕 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 "囟乇賵乇丞" 孬賲 兀氐亘丨 " 賲賳鬲噩 孬賯丕賮賷" 鬲賲 賮乇囟賴 賵賲兀爻爻鬲賴 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵噩賲賷毓 賲丐爻爻丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵丿賵乇 丕賱兀丿賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賵丨賷丿賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賴亘賵胤 亘賲賰丕賳丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱廿賱賴 丕賱匕賰乇 賵鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻賷丨賷丞 賵丿賵乇 乇賲賵夭 丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱賲禺賮賷丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 賮賷 丕囟賮丕亍 丕賱賯賷賲丞 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱匕賰乇賷丞 賵丕賱囟毓賮 毓賱賶 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱兀賳孬賵賷丞 賵鬲氐賳賷賮賴丕 賰兀賯賱 兀賴賲賷丞.
丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘:
1. 丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賱賱賵賯鬲 賵丕賱噩賴丿 賮賷 賮賴賲 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賲賳 賳丕丨賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 鬲賯丿賷賲 賳馗乇丞 卮丕賲賱丞 毓賳 兀賴賲 丕賱丨購噩噩 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賮賷賴丕 毓賳丿 丕賳胤賱丕賯鬲賴丕 賵賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賳爻賵賷丕鬲 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賵賴匕丕 賲賳 兀賮囟賱 丕賱賮氐賵賱 賱丕丨鬲賵丕卅賴 毓賱賶 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞.
2. 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賮賷 鬲賯丿賷賲 鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳 賲賳胤賱賯 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱毓賯賱 賵賮鬲丨 丕賱賲噩丕賱 賱丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓丿丿丞 賵乇賮囟 丕賱賲爻賱賲丕鬲 賰丨賯賷賯丞 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱噩丿賱.
3. 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷孬賷乇賴丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 賲孬賱: 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲.. 賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱毓賱賷丕 賵賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞責! 賰賷賮 賷氐亘丨 賲賱賰責!
4. 賮氐賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳 丨賲賵乇丕亘賷 賵丕賱丕卮賵乇乇賷賳 賵鬲胤丕亘賯 亘毓囟賴丕 賲毓 亘毓囟 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賱賱賷賵賲 ( 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞).
5. 賱賮鬲 丕賱丕賳鬲亘丕賴 廿賱賶 兀賳 賲賯丕乇賳丞 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲毓 丕賱乇噩賱 賮賷 賳馗丕賲 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 賱丕 鬲鬲賵囟丨 丕賱丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賲賯丕乇賳丞 賵囟毓 丕賱賲乇兀丞 亘賵囟毓 丕賱乇噩賱 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱胤亘賯丞.
6. 乇賲賵夭 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賵丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 賵鬲亘丿賱賴丕 賵丕囟賮丕亍 氐亘睾丞 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞 毓賱賷賴丕 賵丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 賰賲毓胤賶 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 賵丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丞 賰賲賳鬲噩 孬賯丕賮賷 賲鬲亘丿賱. Sex/gender.
7. 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 賮賷 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰孬賷乇丞 噩丿丕賸 賵丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱賲亘匕賵賱 賰亘賷乇.
8. 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賵丕噩賴鬲賴丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丨賯賵賯賴丕 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 can鈥檛 relate 賵兀丨爻爻鬲 丕賳賴丕 " 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨噩乇賷" 賵賱賷爻 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇 賮賷 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賱賴匕丕 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賵兀囟丨賰鬲賳賷 亘毓囟 丕賱鬲賴賰賲丕鬲 賵賳睾夭丕鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 毓賳 丕賱乇噩賱 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷 丕賱賷 賷賯亘賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 賮賷 賰賱卮賷 賵賷乇賮囟 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 賲賳 賳丕丨賷丞 鬲兀孬賷乇賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賲乇兀丞. ( 兀賳賯賱 丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱兀爻賮賱).
丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞:
1. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賯丿賷賲貙 賵賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賮氐賵賱 賰丕賳 賷賵噩丿 鬲賳丕賯囟 賵鬲毓賲賷賲丕鬲 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨丞 賵賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賮賷 睾賷乇 賲賵囟毓賴丕 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘.
2. 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 丕賱丕賮鬲乇丕囟賷 丕賱匕賷 亘賳鬲賴 賵兀賵賾賱鬲賴 毓賱賶 兀丿賱丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱丕 賷禺鬲賱賮 毓賳 丕賳噩賱夭 丕賱丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱爻亘亘. 丕賳噩賱夭 亘賳賶 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 "丕賱乇噩賱 氐賷丕丿" 賵 " 丕賱賲乇兀丞 乇毓丕賷丞" 賰兀丿賵丕乇 " 胤亘賷毓賷丞" 賲賳 鬲毓賲賷賲 兀丿賱丞 賲噩鬲賲毓 毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲. 噩賷乇丿丕 兀賰丿鬲 兀賳賴丕 鬲毓賱賲 亘丕丨鬲賲丕賱賷丞 賲丕 鬲爻賷乇 丕賱賷賴 丕賱丕丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賳賵毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賲賳 丨賷孬 兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱兀丿賵丕乇 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賵 亘賳丕亍 賳賲賵匕噩 毓賱賶 " 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳賷丞" 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 賯亘賱 賵噩賵丿 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞. ( 賳賮爻 丕賱賳鬲賷噩丞 ).
3. 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 氐賷丕睾丞 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賲鬲鬲丕亘毓丞 亘丿賵賳 丕賯鬲胤丕毓丕鬲 賲賳 賮乇囟賷丕鬲 賵賳馗乇賷丕鬲 賳爻賵賷丞 賱賷爻 賱賴丕 睾乇囟 賮賷 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 賲賲丕 兀丿賶 廿賱賶 鬲卮鬲鬲 賵氐毓賵亘丞 賮賷 丕賱賲鬲丕亘毓丞.
4. 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賱賲 兀卮毓乇 兀賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀噩丕丿鬲 鬲賵氐賷賱 兀賮賰丕乇賴丕 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賵丕囟丨丞 賵亘毓囟 丕賱鬲兀賵賷賱丕鬲 乇兀賷鬲賴丕 desperate attempts 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丿賵乇 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賮賷 氐賳丕毓丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞. 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷 賱丕 兀乇賶 兀賴賲賷丞 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴丕 賮賷 氐賳毓 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賮賷 賵賯鬲 鬲賲 丕賯氐丕亍賴丕 賮賷賴 亘卮賰賱 賲購賲賳賴噩 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丕賴賲丞 賮賷 兀賷 卮賷亍.
鈥� Men accept cultural changes bu which they have freed themselves from biological necessity: labor of machine considered progress - only women in their view doomed forever to species-service through their biology鈥�.
鈥� To claim that of all of human activities only female nurturance is unchanging and external is indeed to consign half of the human race to a lower state of existence to nature rather than culture鈥�.
鈥� It should be obvious that aggressiveness of males, which may have been highly functional in the Stone Age is threatening human survival in the nuclear age鈥�.
鈥� At a time overpopulation and exhaustion of natural resources represent a real danger for human survival, to curb women鈥檚 procreation capacity may be more 鈥渁daptive鈥� than to foster them鈥�.
March 14, 2023
A Cria莽茫o do Patriarcado da Gerda Lerner 茅 um livro extremamente necess谩rio e que chegou ao Brasil com mais de tr锚s d茅cadas de atraso.
Fruto de uma intensa pesquisa acad锚mica em torno das sociedades da antiguidade, delineia como a opress茫o de g锚nero 茅 a raiz principal de todas as demais opress玫es humanas que surgiram posteriormente.
Fica evidente que nos prim贸rdios da socializa莽茫o humana os pap茅is de g锚nero eram igualit谩rios, homens e mulheres conviviam de igual para igual, mas aos poucos as coisas foram mudando, as mulheres come莽aram a servir de esp贸lio de guerra como escravas, os mitos refletindo essas mudan莽as, as formas de domina莽茫o ficaram mais sofisticadas e o aniquilamento total da mulher se deu primeiro na Mesopot芒mia, depois na Gr茅cia e todo filamento judaico crist茫o que nos vilipendia at茅 hoje.
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Fruto de uma intensa pesquisa acad锚mica em torno das sociedades da antiguidade, delineia como a opress茫o de g锚nero 茅 a raiz principal de todas as demais opress玫es humanas que surgiram posteriormente.
Fica evidente que nos prim贸rdios da socializa莽茫o humana os pap茅is de g锚nero eram igualit谩rios, homens e mulheres conviviam de igual para igual, mas aos poucos as coisas foram mudando, as mulheres come莽aram a servir de esp贸lio de guerra como escravas, os mitos refletindo essas mudan莽as, as formas de domina莽茫o ficaram mais sofisticadas e o aniquilamento total da mulher se deu primeiro na Mesopot芒mia, depois na Gr茅cia e todo filamento judaico crist茫o que nos vilipendia at茅 hoje.
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April 13, 2008
Great book. I learned a lot about how men came to rule the world. and that the origin of slavery begins with the subjegagtion of women.
Unfortunately, Lerner is not an anti-civilizationist as I am, and she give a few apologies for civilization as she explains her history of the creation of patriarchy, even though she repeatedly acknoledgs that the creations of civilization (or I would say, the subjegation of nature) is the beginnings of the patriarchal power structure.
Unfortunately, Lerner is not an anti-civilizationist as I am, and she give a few apologies for civilization as she explains her history of the creation of patriarchy, even though she repeatedly acknoledgs that the creations of civilization (or I would say, the subjegation of nature) is the beginnings of the patriarchal power structure.
October 31, 2019
賷卮丕亍 丕賱賯丿乇 兀賳 丕賯乇兀 毓賲賱賷賳 賲鬲夭丕賲賳賷賳 賱賱賲鬲乇噩賲.
" 廿賳 賳馗乇丞 賳爻賵賷丞 賱賱毓丕賱賲 爻鬲賲賰賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賲賳 兀賳 賷丨乇乇賵丕 毓賯賵賱賴賲 賲賳 丕賱賮賰乇 賵 丕賱賲賲丕乇爻丞 丕賱兀亘賵賷賷賳貙 賵 兀賳 賷亘賳賵丕 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 毓丕賱賲丕 丨乇丕 賲賳 丕賱賴賷賲賳丞 賵 丕賱賴乇賲賷丞貙 毓丕賱賲丕 賴賵 廿賳爻丕賳賷 丨賯丕"
兀賮囟賱 賰鬲丕亘 賯乇兀鬲賴 賮賷 2018 鉂わ笍
" 廿賳 賳馗乇丞 賳爻賵賷丞 賱賱毓丕賱賲 爻鬲賲賰賳 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賵 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賲賳 兀賳 賷丨乇乇賵丕 毓賯賵賱賴賲 賲賳 丕賱賮賰乇 賵 丕賱賲賲丕乇爻丞 丕賱兀亘賵賷賷賳貙 賵 兀賳 賷亘賳賵丕 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 毓丕賱賲丕 丨乇丕 賲賳 丕賱賴賷賲賳丞 賵 丕賱賴乇賲賷丞貙 毓丕賱賲丕 賴賵 廿賳爻丕賳賷 丨賯丕"
兀賮囟賱 賰鬲丕亘 賯乇兀鬲賴 賮賷 2018 鉂わ笍
Read
September 29, 2021This seems like a pretty good history of patriarchy. I can't argue with most of the facts presented (women sold into slavery, turned out of their homes after being raped, stoned, children considered property of their fathers instead of mothers, basically the fact that women have been oppressed for as long as recorded history). I read several chapters in this book, including the last which summarizes the book, and I think I get the point. My problems with it are mostly threefold:
1. Some of the science is sketchy, especially when dealing with primitive cultures. Lerner admits that the few artifacts we have don't give us a picture of the social structure of primitive peoples, but that doesn't stop her from speculating about it.
2. This book is depressing. It should be, it about how women have been oppressed and abused for thousands of years. But this, more than anything, made me stop reading. I can't really handle it.
3. I have a religious objection that many of you may not have. I didn't appreciate her false characterization of the Christian belief in patriarchy as a belief that women are inferior to men. I know that it has played out that way in the minds and lives of many (maybe even most) Christians, and I don't want to defend them. But I have experienced a Christianity where I feel that women and men are different, but equal. I haven't felt like people thought I was worth less than my brothers or husband. So I am torn. I know how naive it sounds, saying that it is possible to have patriarchy without oppression, but I think it is possible and even preferable.
So there it is. I would like to finish this book someday, when I have enough time to read it quickly and only be depressed for a day, instead of several weeks. For now I will mull over what I have already read and try to figure out what to do with this information.
1. Some of the science is sketchy, especially when dealing with primitive cultures. Lerner admits that the few artifacts we have don't give us a picture of the social structure of primitive peoples, but that doesn't stop her from speculating about it.
2. This book is depressing. It should be, it about how women have been oppressed and abused for thousands of years. But this, more than anything, made me stop reading. I can't really handle it.
3. I have a religious objection that many of you may not have. I didn't appreciate her false characterization of the Christian belief in patriarchy as a belief that women are inferior to men. I know that it has played out that way in the minds and lives of many (maybe even most) Christians, and I don't want to defend them. But I have experienced a Christianity where I feel that women and men are different, but equal. I haven't felt like people thought I was worth less than my brothers or husband. So I am torn. I know how naive it sounds, saying that it is possible to have patriarchy without oppression, but I think it is possible and even preferable.
So there it is. I would like to finish this book someday, when I have enough time to read it quickly and only be depressed for a day, instead of several weeks. For now I will mull over what I have already read and try to figure out what to do with this information.
April 11, 2020
As a student of women's studies and history this is exactly the book I would have wanted to write. Women's lack of knowledge of our own history of struggle and achievement has been one of the major means of keeping us subordinate. Women's history is absolutely essential to the emancipation of women. In this book, Lerner goes back in time to look at the conditions responsible for the creation, and later dominance, of patriarchy. A process manifested in changes in kinship organization, economic relations, the establishment of religious and state bureaucracies and in the shift in cosmogonies expressing the ascendancy of male god figures. The period of "establishment of patriarchy" was not one event, but a process developing over a period of several thousand years and at different times in several distinct societies.
Well researched, accessible, a must read for any feminist, historian or student of politics.
Well researched, accessible, a must read for any feminist, historian or student of politics.
May 9, 2014
Read 10 or 15 years ago, this is a very scholarly treatment of how male dominance and female subservience are determined not by biology, but by social development.
March 11, 2025
Incredible. should be considered required reading.
February 13, 2023
10/10. Tiven clases na Universidade nas que aprend铆n menos que con este libro, que ofrece unha explicaci贸n clar铆sima e moi completa sobre as orixes do patriarcado nos Estados Arcaicos. Deber铆a ser lectura obrigatoria isto.
February 7, 2025
More accurate rating: 8.5-9/10.
The Creation of Patriarchy is a thesis discussing the historical origins, and potentially necessary factors for the development of patriarchal (or what I prefer to call androcratic) societies 鈥� in the West at least.
And I thoroughly enjoyed it! Gerda Lerner's treatise had a satisfying amount of depth; her analysis displayed a delightful level of nuance and intellectual rigour, and specificity. I loved the fact she clearly stated her thesis, as a historian, was primarily aimed at giving a plausible explanation for the emergence of patriarchy in the Fertile Crescent, then the South of Europe (eventually leading to what we call 'Western Civilisation'), by specifically analysing the Mesopotamian and Hebraic archaeological and written records... and not at providing a universal explanation for the emergence of all of the world's patriarchal societies.
That being said, she also did her best to discuss a variety of factors, from the ecological and economical, to the socio- and psychological (and I also loved her speculative boldness there!) which, in combination and over time, might've progressively made it possible for institutionalised patriarchy, and more specifically the patriarchal state, to emerge during the Neolithic period.
Mention of other cultural groups, in other parts of the world 鈥� such as Asia and South America 鈥� is also made in key places, to point to parallels between the patterns she demonstrates in the emergence of patriarchy in ancient Mesopotamia, and those which can be observed in the rest of the world (without, once again, claiming her thesis can necessarily be applied, wholesale, universally).
I loved the fact she provided the reader with a pretty in-depth discussion of the definitions she chose to use in her book. I loved the fact she established a clear and precise distinction between sex and gender, and the fact she made a solidly convincing case for sex-based oppression (or subjugation as she preferentially termed it) being the original, ur-axis of oppression 鈥� which is incidentally what I've always believed, but here actual arguments, based in material history, were provided by Ms Lerner.
I thoroughly enjoyed her rigorous, no bullshit but compassionate tone: women, as a class, have been 'done dirty' by men as a class, for thousands of years, but it is undeniable one of the big reasons patriarchy/androcracy, as a system, has lasted this long is because women have participated in its perpetuation 鈥� with varying degrees of willingness of course. This is also, incidentally, where intersectional analysis (actual intersectional analysis, to be clear) becomes useful as a tool to demonstrate the intricacies embedded in history's larger patterns.
Finally, and this came as a pleasant surprise: I really enjoyed Lerner's prose. This is not something I usually pay too much attention to when it comes to non-fiction, but here it actually stood out to me, in a positive fashion.
Yes, this work dates back to the 1980s, and is a little dated in some places. But honestly, given the things I've read, or watched, over more recent years, I would confidently state Gerda Lerner's book remains relevant today. And I would thus very highly recommend it to readers interested in this specific topic.
The Creation of Patriarchy is a thesis discussing the historical origins, and potentially necessary factors for the development of patriarchal (or what I prefer to call androcratic) societies 鈥� in the West at least.
And I thoroughly enjoyed it! Gerda Lerner's treatise had a satisfying amount of depth; her analysis displayed a delightful level of nuance and intellectual rigour, and specificity. I loved the fact she clearly stated her thesis, as a historian, was primarily aimed at giving a plausible explanation for the emergence of patriarchy in the Fertile Crescent, then the South of Europe (eventually leading to what we call 'Western Civilisation'), by specifically analysing the Mesopotamian and Hebraic archaeological and written records... and not at providing a universal explanation for the emergence of all of the world's patriarchal societies.
That being said, she also did her best to discuss a variety of factors, from the ecological and economical, to the socio- and psychological (and I also loved her speculative boldness there!) which, in combination and over time, might've progressively made it possible for institutionalised patriarchy, and more specifically the patriarchal state, to emerge during the Neolithic period.
Mention of other cultural groups, in other parts of the world 鈥� such as Asia and South America 鈥� is also made in key places, to point to parallels between the patterns she demonstrates in the emergence of patriarchy in ancient Mesopotamia, and those which can be observed in the rest of the world (without, once again, claiming her thesis can necessarily be applied, wholesale, universally).
I loved the fact she provided the reader with a pretty in-depth discussion of the definitions she chose to use in her book. I loved the fact she established a clear and precise distinction between sex and gender, and the fact she made a solidly convincing case for sex-based oppression (or subjugation as she preferentially termed it) being the original, ur-axis of oppression 鈥� which is incidentally what I've always believed, but here actual arguments, based in material history, were provided by Ms Lerner.
I thoroughly enjoyed her rigorous, no bullshit but compassionate tone: women, as a class, have been 'done dirty' by men as a class, for thousands of years, but it is undeniable one of the big reasons patriarchy/androcracy, as a system, has lasted this long is because women have participated in its perpetuation 鈥� with varying degrees of willingness of course. This is also, incidentally, where intersectional analysis (actual intersectional analysis, to be clear) becomes useful as a tool to demonstrate the intricacies embedded in history's larger patterns.
Finally, and this came as a pleasant surprise: I really enjoyed Lerner's prose. This is not something I usually pay too much attention to when it comes to non-fiction, but here it actually stood out to me, in a positive fashion.
Yes, this work dates back to the 1980s, and is a little dated in some places. But honestly, given the things I've read, or watched, over more recent years, I would confidently state Gerda Lerner's book remains relevant today. And I would thus very highly recommend it to readers interested in this specific topic.
October 8, 2016
鬲乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 兀賳賴 賷賳亘睾賷 兀賳 賳購卮亘毓 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丿乇丕爻丞 賵鬲丨賱賷賱丕賸 丨鬲賶 賳鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 賮賴賲 丕賱爻賷乇賵乇丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩毓賱鬲 賲賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賷賮乇囟 賵噩賵丿賴 亘賴匕賴 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱賰丕爻丨丞 賵兀賳 賷噩毓賱 賲賳 禺囟賵毓賴賳 賵廿賯氐丕卅賴賳 兀賲乇丕賸 丨鬲賲賷丕賸 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 兀賱賮賷賾丕鬲貨 賮鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賴賵 丕賱兀丿丕丞 丕賱噩賵賴乇賷丞 賱廿亘丿丕毓 賵毓賷 賳爻賵賷 賱丿賶 丕賱賳爻丕亍 丨爻亘 鬲毓亘賷乇賴丕. 廿匕 兀賳 丕賱賮賴賲 丕賱賲毓賲賯 賱亘丿丕賷丞 賳卮兀丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賳馗丕賲貙 爻鬲賲賰賳賳丕 賲賳 賮賴賲 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲胤賵乇 賮賷賴丕 兀賵 亘賳丕亍賴 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵賲賳 孬賲 賳卮賵亍 賵毓賷 賵廿丿乇丕賰 丨賵賱 賰賷賮賷丞 賵 賲丿賶 鬲爻賱賾胤 賲賲丕乇爻丕鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱賳馗丕賲 毓賱賶 丨賷丕丞 賳氐賮 丕賱爻賱丕賱丞 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賵賲丕賴賷 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 毓夭夭鬲賴 亘丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇賷丞 亘賱 亘丕賱賯亘賵賱 賲亘丿卅賷丕賸 賰兀賲乇 胤亘賷毓賷 賵賲賳 孬賲賾 賰兀賲乇 賲賯亘賵賱. 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賮廿賳 兀賷 賳馗丕賲 賳鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 鬲丨丿賷丿 賳賯胤丞 亘丿丕賷鬲賴 賴賵 賳馗丕賲 睾賷乇 兀夭賱賷 賵廿賳賴丕亍賴 賱賷爻 兀賲乇丕賸 賲鬲毓匕乇丕賸 賵賴匕賴 賴賷 丕賱賳鬲賷噩丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 亘丕賯鬲丿丕乇 賲賳 兀賳 鬲賯賵丿 丕賱兀丿賱丞 亘丕鬲噩丕賴賴丕.
March 30, 2018
賲丨丕賵賱丞 睾乇賷丿丕 賱賷乇賳乇 賱亘賳丕亍 賵毓賷 賳爻賵賷 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳爻丕亍 貙 賵賴匕賴 賴賷 兀賵賱 禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱賳囟丕賱 賵丕賱氐乇丕毓 賱兀噩賱 鬲賮賰賷賰 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷.
噩賵賴乇 兀胤乇賵丨丞 賱賷乇賳乇 賴賷 兀賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵賱賷爻 賲鬲毓丕賱賷 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賱賷爻 賲胤賱賯丕賸 兀賵 丨賯賷賯丞 賲鬲賷丕賮賷夭賷賯賷丞貙 賵賱賴 亘丿丕卅賱 兀禺乇賶 賵賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賱賲 賷爻丿 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賰賱 賵噩賵丿 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱兀乇囟 賮賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 賴賳丕賰 賲孬賱丕賸 毓丕卅賱丞 兀賲賵賲賷丞 賯丕卅賲丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賲 賵鬲賳爻亘 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賱賴丕.
亘丨孬 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賲匕賴賱
噩賵賴乇 兀胤乇賵丨丞 賱賷乇賳乇 賴賷 兀賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵賱賷爻 賲鬲毓丕賱賷 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賱賷爻 賲胤賱賯丕賸 兀賵 丨賯賷賯丞 賲鬲賷丕賮賷夭賷賯賷丞貙 賵賱賴 亘丿丕卅賱 兀禺乇賶 賵賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賱賲 賷爻丿 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱兀亘賵賷 賰賱 賵噩賵丿 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱兀乇囟 賮賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 賴賳丕賰 賲孬賱丕賸 毓丕卅賱丞 兀賲賵賲賷丞 賯丕卅賲丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賲 賵鬲賳爻亘 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賱賴丕.
亘丨孬 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賲匕賴賱
April 2, 2023
隆Que libro! Aunque deber铆a decir que "La creaci贸n del patriarcado" es m谩s bien un Ep铆logo de 20 p谩ginas precedido por 320 p谩ginas 鈥揷u谩l m谩s importante鈥� con la presentaci贸n de motivos y la recopilaci贸n de evidencias hist贸ricas y textuales que hacen a las conclusiones de ese Ep铆logo 隆sencillamente inevitables!.
Si son del tipo de personas a las que les gusta leer un libro con calma, tal vez a lo largo de meses o incluso a帽os, y que por la misma raz贸n piensan dos veces antes de comenzar con un nuevo texto, les recomendar铆a que antes de comenzar con "La creaci贸n del patriarcado" se dirigieran inmediatamente al ep铆logo, y despu茅s leyeran con paciencia y tiempo el resto del libro.
Como su nombre promete, este libro describe el origen o creaci贸n del patriarcado 鈥揳qu铆 es muy importante la elecci贸n del sustantivo para distinguir lo que es "natural" de lo que es simplemente producto de la historia鈥�,听especialmente durante el surgimiento de los estados nacionales y las grandes religiones en el oriente pr贸ximo, Mesopotamia en su mayor parte, Siria, donde se desarrollo la historia de los influyentes pueblos de Judea e Israel y en menor medida en la Grecia cl谩sica.
Para hacerlo, su autora, la historiadora Gerda Lerner, nos expone a citas, personajes, mitos, libros y en general a diversa evidencia historiogr谩fica, filol贸gica y arqueol贸gica que cubre m谩s de 6 500 a帽os de historia (entre el 7 000 y el 300 aec.); evidencias en las que quedaron impresas, como lo demuestra su rigurosa y exhaustiva revisi贸n, las huellas de los eventos que dieron forma al sistema patriarcal que ha dominado, y domina todav铆a, casi todas las culturas y pueblos de la Tierra.
Aunque se concentra en el oriente pr贸ximo, una que otra referencia a lo acaecido en China, la India, Mesoam茅rica y Suram茅rica, hacen de este viaje a los or铆genes del patriarcado, una verdadera 鈥搚 perturbadora鈥� experiencia mundial.
La verdad, esperaba que el libro abarcara tambi茅n per铆odos de tiempo m谩s "recientes", la edad media o la modernidad, en los que, como he le铆do en otros textos, ocurrieron tambi茅n eventos sobresalientes en la historia de la subordinaci贸n, dominaci贸n, esclavitud y violencia contra las mujeres; en alg煤n punto del libro me sent铆 incluso un poco decepcionado por el alcance limitado en el tiempo; en otros tambi茅n me sent铆 un poco saturado por el exceso de detalles en el an谩lisis de textos Sumerios, Acadios y Babil贸nicos. A la larga sin embargo termine apreciando 鈥揼racias a los mismos argumentos de la autora鈥� que este libro le apuntar谩 justamente a esos primeros eventos hist贸ricos, por un lado porque comprend铆 que las razones para expandirse en el an谩lisis detallado de las fuentes es que esta es justamente la manera en la que se construye un texto de Historia riguroso; y por el otro, porque el an谩lisis de lo acaecido en 茅pocas m谩s recientes lo dejo su autora para una segunda parte.
隆Segunda parte que ya encontramos y leeremos a la mayor brevedad!
Lo digo en plural porque le铆 el libro despu茅s de la recomendaci贸n que me hizo Olga Penagos, mi esposa y compa帽era de aventuras intelectuales, con la que comparto la pasi贸n por la lectura de textos feministas (lean aqu铆 su rese帽a de este mismo texto).
Todo esto es para decir que tengan paciencia en los apartes m谩s pesados del libro. 隆No se arrepentir谩n!
El libro est谩 muy bien escrito, es claro y la redacci贸n no es muy t茅cnica, ni muy pesada para alguien que, como yo, no este familiarizado con la literatura acad茅mica en el 谩rea. Los pies de p谩gina si son abundantes y bastante t茅cnicos, pero las personas menos pacientes tal vez puedan obviarlos.
Me encanto el recurso que usa la autora en los 煤ltimos p谩rrafos de cada cap铆tulo y en los que hace un resumen muy bien escrito de lo presentado en el cap铆tulo; incluso me atrever铆a a decir que esta podr铆a ser una estrategia para hacer un primer recorrido por el libro: leer las 煤ltimas p谩ginas de cada uno de los 10 cap铆tulos y, sin falta, leer entero el Ep铆logo (隆lo mejor de este libro!).
No puedo terminar est谩 rese帽a 鈥搕al vez deber铆a haber empezado por ah铆鈥撎齭in comentar el impacto que la lectura del libro me ha causado.
Como coment茅 antes, desde hace un tiempo vengo leyendo textos de feminismos y compartiendo apasionadamente con Olga nuestras impresiones. Para los dos todos estos libros han representado una fuente de abundantes 鈥搚 perturbadores鈥撎齞escubrimientos, aunque para ella lo ha sido a煤n m谩s sin duda alguna por ver confirmadas sus intuiciones y experiencias como mujer.
Como hombre 鈥揾eterosexual, "blanco", empleado, con educaci贸n universitaria, sin discapacidades f铆sicas, etc.鈥� es dif铆cil reconocer y aceptar sin resistencias 鈥揷onscientes e inconscientes鈥�, las evidencias que autoras como la profesora Lerner recogen en sus libros sobre el status que ha tenido y sigue teniendo la mujer en todas las sociedades del planeta y la historia de violencias, injusticia y esclavitud que han sufrido en casi 5 000 a帽os de patriarcado. Es dif铆cil porque, personalmente, estoy del lado incorrecto de esa historia, del lado del machismo 鈥揹el que he participado activamente鈥撎齞el lado del privilegio y de qui茅nes dominamos y hemos explotado o nos hemos apoyado para conseguir lo que tenemos, y sin reconocer apropiadamente, en el trabajo sexual y de cuidado de las mujeres, Olga incluida.
A煤n as铆, tendr铆a que ser de palo 鈥揷omo decimos en mi tierra鈥撎齪ara, despu茅s de una resistencia intelectual infructuosa, negarme al peso de las evidencias hist贸ricas, de los argumentos brillantemente hilvanados o a la valent铆a del llamado que hacen estas grandes autoras para revolcar el mundo. Como lo he dicho en otras rese帽as, no puedo convertirme leyendo estos libros en feminista (tampoco puedo ser Nepal铆 as铆 me oponga a la colonizaci贸n China), pero creo que leyendo estos libros puedo hacer un esfuerzo para usar mis privilegios para divulgar las ideas que se exponen en ellos.
Voy a decirlo as铆: qui茅n tenga un m铆nimo sentido de la justicia, no puede dejar de ser feminista o si su posici贸n no se lo permite 鈥揷omo es mi caso鈥撎齨o puede evitar apoyar el feminismo.
隆Lean ya el Ep铆logo de "La creaci贸n del patriarcado"! (y si les alcanza, el resto del libro).
Si son del tipo de personas a las que les gusta leer un libro con calma, tal vez a lo largo de meses o incluso a帽os, y que por la misma raz贸n piensan dos veces antes de comenzar con un nuevo texto, les recomendar铆a que antes de comenzar con "La creaci贸n del patriarcado" se dirigieran inmediatamente al ep铆logo, y despu茅s leyeran con paciencia y tiempo el resto del libro.
Como su nombre promete, este libro describe el origen o creaci贸n del patriarcado 鈥揳qu铆 es muy importante la elecci贸n del sustantivo para distinguir lo que es "natural" de lo que es simplemente producto de la historia鈥�,听especialmente durante el surgimiento de los estados nacionales y las grandes religiones en el oriente pr贸ximo, Mesopotamia en su mayor parte, Siria, donde se desarrollo la historia de los influyentes pueblos de Judea e Israel y en menor medida en la Grecia cl谩sica.
Para hacerlo, su autora, la historiadora Gerda Lerner, nos expone a citas, personajes, mitos, libros y en general a diversa evidencia historiogr谩fica, filol贸gica y arqueol贸gica que cubre m谩s de 6 500 a帽os de historia (entre el 7 000 y el 300 aec.); evidencias en las que quedaron impresas, como lo demuestra su rigurosa y exhaustiva revisi贸n, las huellas de los eventos que dieron forma al sistema patriarcal que ha dominado, y domina todav铆a, casi todas las culturas y pueblos de la Tierra.
Aunque se concentra en el oriente pr贸ximo, una que otra referencia a lo acaecido en China, la India, Mesoam茅rica y Suram茅rica, hacen de este viaje a los or铆genes del patriarcado, una verdadera 鈥搚 perturbadora鈥� experiencia mundial.
La verdad, esperaba que el libro abarcara tambi茅n per铆odos de tiempo m谩s "recientes", la edad media o la modernidad, en los que, como he le铆do en otros textos, ocurrieron tambi茅n eventos sobresalientes en la historia de la subordinaci贸n, dominaci贸n, esclavitud y violencia contra las mujeres; en alg煤n punto del libro me sent铆 incluso un poco decepcionado por el alcance limitado en el tiempo; en otros tambi茅n me sent铆 un poco saturado por el exceso de detalles en el an谩lisis de textos Sumerios, Acadios y Babil贸nicos. A la larga sin embargo termine apreciando 鈥揼racias a los mismos argumentos de la autora鈥� que este libro le apuntar谩 justamente a esos primeros eventos hist贸ricos, por un lado porque comprend铆 que las razones para expandirse en el an谩lisis detallado de las fuentes es que esta es justamente la manera en la que se construye un texto de Historia riguroso; y por el otro, porque el an谩lisis de lo acaecido en 茅pocas m谩s recientes lo dejo su autora para una segunda parte.
隆Segunda parte que ya encontramos y leeremos a la mayor brevedad!
Lo digo en plural porque le铆 el libro despu茅s de la recomendaci贸n que me hizo Olga Penagos, mi esposa y compa帽era de aventuras intelectuales, con la que comparto la pasi贸n por la lectura de textos feministas (lean aqu铆 su rese帽a de este mismo texto).
Todo esto es para decir que tengan paciencia en los apartes m谩s pesados del libro. 隆No se arrepentir谩n!
El libro est谩 muy bien escrito, es claro y la redacci贸n no es muy t茅cnica, ni muy pesada para alguien que, como yo, no este familiarizado con la literatura acad茅mica en el 谩rea. Los pies de p谩gina si son abundantes y bastante t茅cnicos, pero las personas menos pacientes tal vez puedan obviarlos.
Me encanto el recurso que usa la autora en los 煤ltimos p谩rrafos de cada cap铆tulo y en los que hace un resumen muy bien escrito de lo presentado en el cap铆tulo; incluso me atrever铆a a decir que esta podr铆a ser una estrategia para hacer un primer recorrido por el libro: leer las 煤ltimas p谩ginas de cada uno de los 10 cap铆tulos y, sin falta, leer entero el Ep铆logo (隆lo mejor de este libro!).
No puedo terminar est谩 rese帽a 鈥搕al vez deber铆a haber empezado por ah铆鈥撎齭in comentar el impacto que la lectura del libro me ha causado.
Como coment茅 antes, desde hace un tiempo vengo leyendo textos de feminismos y compartiendo apasionadamente con Olga nuestras impresiones. Para los dos todos estos libros han representado una fuente de abundantes 鈥搚 perturbadores鈥撎齞escubrimientos, aunque para ella lo ha sido a煤n m谩s sin duda alguna por ver confirmadas sus intuiciones y experiencias como mujer.
Como hombre 鈥揾eterosexual, "blanco", empleado, con educaci贸n universitaria, sin discapacidades f铆sicas, etc.鈥� es dif铆cil reconocer y aceptar sin resistencias 鈥揷onscientes e inconscientes鈥�, las evidencias que autoras como la profesora Lerner recogen en sus libros sobre el status que ha tenido y sigue teniendo la mujer en todas las sociedades del planeta y la historia de violencias, injusticia y esclavitud que han sufrido en casi 5 000 a帽os de patriarcado. Es dif铆cil porque, personalmente, estoy del lado incorrecto de esa historia, del lado del machismo 鈥揹el que he participado activamente鈥撎齞el lado del privilegio y de qui茅nes dominamos y hemos explotado o nos hemos apoyado para conseguir lo que tenemos, y sin reconocer apropiadamente, en el trabajo sexual y de cuidado de las mujeres, Olga incluida.
A煤n as铆, tendr铆a que ser de palo 鈥揷omo decimos en mi tierra鈥撎齪ara, despu茅s de una resistencia intelectual infructuosa, negarme al peso de las evidencias hist贸ricas, de los argumentos brillantemente hilvanados o a la valent铆a del llamado que hacen estas grandes autoras para revolcar el mundo. Como lo he dicho en otras rese帽as, no puedo convertirme leyendo estos libros en feminista (tampoco puedo ser Nepal铆 as铆 me oponga a la colonizaci贸n China), pero creo que leyendo estos libros puedo hacer un esfuerzo para usar mis privilegios para divulgar las ideas que se exponen en ellos.
Voy a decirlo as铆: qui茅n tenga un m铆nimo sentido de la justicia, no puede dejar de ser feminista o si su posici贸n no se lo permite 鈥揷omo es mi caso鈥撎齨o puede evitar apoyar el feminismo.
隆Lean ya el Ep铆logo de "La creaci贸n del patriarcado"! (y si les alcanza, el resto del libro).
March 4, 2023
El libro que todas las mujeres deber铆amos leer.
El desconocimiento de nuestra propia historia, de nuestra genealog铆a, nos impide imaginar y teorizar alternativas a la estructura patriarcal de nuestra sociedad.
Es necesario conocer nuestra historia para salir de nuestra subordinaci贸n.
El desconocimiento de nuestra propia historia, de nuestra genealog铆a, nos impide imaginar y teorizar alternativas a la estructura patriarcal de nuestra sociedad.
Es necesario conocer nuestra historia para salir de nuestra subordinaci贸n.
November 30, 2018
賱賵 毓丕賷夭賷賳 賳賵氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賴 賲賲賰賳 賳賯賵賱 廿賳賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 趩賷賳丿乇賷 賱亘賱丕丿 賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賳賴乇賷賳-賵 丨囟丕乇丕鬲 兀禺乇賶- 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲貙 賲乇賰夭賴丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 賴賵 賲賲賰賳 賷毓賷亘賴 卮賵賷丞 賳賯氐 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞-毓賱卮丕賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賰賳卮 賲賴鬲賲 兀賵賷 亘丨賰丕賷丞 丕賱爻鬲丕鬲 賵 鬲噩乇亘鬲賴賲- 丕賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 賲賲賰賳 鬲爻丕毓丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞貙 亘爻 賱賵 亘氐賷賳丕 賱毓丿丿 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 賵 丕賱鬲丿賯賷賯 亘鬲丕毓賴丕 賵 爻丕毓丕鬲 賰賲丕賳 賳賯丿賴丕 賱賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱兀賵賱賶 賵 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱賱賷 丨賵丕賱賷賴丕 賵 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丿賷貙 賷賵乇賷賳丕 賯丿 丕賷賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 毓賲賱鬲 賲噩賴賵丿 噩亘丕乇 毓賱卮丕賳 鬲毓賲賱 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱鬲兀爻賷爻賷 丿賴.
賵 鬲兀孬賷乇 賮賵賰賵-毓賱賶 賯丿 賲丕 賮賴賲鬲- 賵丕囟丨 噩丿丕貙 賲賳 兀賵賱 丕賱亘賳賷丞 亘鬲丕毓鬲 丕賱亘丨孬 亘卮賰賱賴丕 丕賱兀乇賰賷賵賱賵趩賷 賵 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱噩賳爻丕賳賷丞 賱賱賳爻丕亍 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賲賵丕囟賷毓 夭賷 (丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱毓亘丿-丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱賲丨馗賷丞-丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱夭賵噩丞 兀賱禺) 賵 賰賲丕賳 胤乇賷賯丞 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 賵 廿夭丕賷 廿鬲賰賵賳鬲 賵 廿夭丕賷 丕卮鬲睾賱鬲 賰爻賱胤丞 丕賳囟亘丕胤賷丞 賵馗賷賮鬲賴丕 賲賳 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賱賱賴賷賲賳丞 毓賱賶 兀噩爻丕丿 丕賱賳爻丕亍 亘兀賰鬲乇 丕賱胤乇賯 丕賱賲賲賰賳丞 賵 毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱賯賵丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 丿賷.
賮賷 賰賲丕賳 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 賮賷 賲賳鬲賴賶 丕賱匕賰丕亍 賵 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賲毓鬲亘乇丞 毓賳 賳卮兀丞 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 賵 廿夭丕賷 鬲賲 丕賱廿爻鬲賮丕丿丞 賲賳 廿爻鬲毓亘丕丿 丕賱賳爻丕亍 毓賱卮丕賳 賷爻鬲毓亘丿賵丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賱丕丨賯丞貙 賵 賰賲丕賳 賮賷賴 卮乇丨賵 鬲丨賱賷賱 賵賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賮賷 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱卮乇丕卅毓 賵 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 賵 賮賷 賲乇賰夭賴丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 丨賯賷賯賷 賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 賵 賲孬賷乇 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 噩丿丕 賵 爻毓賷丿 廿賳賴 鬲乇噩賲 賱賱毓乇亘賷丞 賮賷 鬲乇噩賲丞 賮賵賯 丕賱毓馗賷賲丞.
賵 鬲兀孬賷乇 賮賵賰賵-毓賱賶 賯丿 賲丕 賮賴賲鬲- 賵丕囟丨 噩丿丕貙 賲賳 兀賵賱 丕賱亘賳賷丞 亘鬲丕毓鬲 丕賱亘丨孬 亘卮賰賱賴丕 丕賱兀乇賰賷賵賱賵趩賷 賵 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱噩賳爻丕賳賷丞 賱賱賳爻丕亍 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賲賵丕囟賷毓 夭賷 (丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱毓亘丿-丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱賲丨馗賷丞-丕賱賲乇兀丞 丕賱夭賵噩丞 兀賱禺) 賵 賰賲丕賳 胤乇賷賯丞 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 賵 廿夭丕賷 廿鬲賰賵賳鬲 賵 廿夭丕賷 丕卮鬲睾賱鬲 賰爻賱胤丞 丕賳囟亘丕胤賷丞 賵馗賷賮鬲賴丕 賲賳 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賱賱賴賷賲賳丞 毓賱賶 兀噩爻丕丿 丕賱賳爻丕亍 亘兀賰鬲乇 丕賱胤乇賯 丕賱賲賲賰賳丞 賵 毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱賯賵丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 丿賷.
賮賷 賰賲丕賳 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 賮賷 賲賳鬲賴賶 丕賱匕賰丕亍 賵 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賲毓鬲亘乇丞 毓賳 賳卮兀丞 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 賵 廿夭丕賷 鬲賲 丕賱廿爻鬲賮丕丿丞 賲賳 廿爻鬲毓亘丕丿 丕賱賳爻丕亍 毓賱卮丕賳 賷爻鬲毓亘丿賵丕 丕賱乇噩丕賱 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賱丕丨賯丞貙 賵 賰賲丕賳 賮賷賴 卮乇丨賵 鬲丨賱賷賱 賵賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 賮賷 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱卮乇丕卅毓 賵 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 賵 賮賷 賲乇賰夭賴丕 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 丨賯賷賯賷 賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 賵 賲孬賷乇 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 噩丿丕 賵 爻毓賷丿 廿賳賴 鬲乇噩賲 賱賱毓乇亘賷丞 賮賷 鬲乇噩賲丞 賮賵賯 丕賱毓馗賷賲丞.
January 12, 2025
Call me an angry, man-hating, queer little girl, but I loved this book.
There's so much, too much, to be said about this book and its contents. I'm definitely going to buy a copy to re-read and annotate.
The Creation of The Patriarchy challenges the way we think; it defines and describes a system put in place. She urges women to look in our history to truly understand and demolish a system meant to subordinate us.
Gerda Lerner is articulate and powerful in her writing. Every statement is backed by pages of evidence; every thought is meticulously plotted out and described. She draws parallels, comparisons, and associations I never would think of. From class distinction to capitalism and private property to men's dominance over animals to the Bible, she hits it all and blows me away. Lerner is want I wanna be when I grow up: a smart, feminist, well-spoken professer and writer.
What really stuck with me was Lerner's discussion on the use of sexual dominance by men over women. It's something that was true from the Neolithic period to even today. Like, it's something I think about so often, I've even developed my own theories on why men are so controlling over women's bodies, but I'll save that for another day. Nevertheless, it's so interesting to see the growth of patriarchly ideals from beginning stages to now and still how prevalent it is today. Women are still having their own sexual and reproductive rights debated and outlawed, and it's so insane to read about the origins and how the passage of time didn't change that.
I think everyone should read this book. No matter age, gender, ideals, race, etc.. It lays the groundwork of a heavily discussed topic and provokes so much thought I believe is vital to conversations regarding (how Lerner puts it) "the subordination of women."
There's so much more to unpack, but I unfortunately don't have time; I've got patriarchy to destroy.
There's so much, too much, to be said about this book and its contents. I'm definitely going to buy a copy to re-read and annotate.
The Creation of The Patriarchy challenges the way we think; it defines and describes a system put in place. She urges women to look in our history to truly understand and demolish a system meant to subordinate us.
Gerda Lerner is articulate and powerful in her writing. Every statement is backed by pages of evidence; every thought is meticulously plotted out and described. She draws parallels, comparisons, and associations I never would think of. From class distinction to capitalism and private property to men's dominance over animals to the Bible, she hits it all and blows me away. Lerner is want I wanna be when I grow up: a smart, feminist, well-spoken professer and writer.
What really stuck with me was Lerner's discussion on the use of sexual dominance by men over women. It's something that was true from the Neolithic period to even today. Like, it's something I think about so often, I've even developed my own theories on why men are so controlling over women's bodies, but I'll save that for another day. Nevertheless, it's so interesting to see the growth of patriarchly ideals from beginning stages to now and still how prevalent it is today. Women are still having their own sexual and reproductive rights debated and outlawed, and it's so insane to read about the origins and how the passage of time didn't change that.
I think everyone should read this book. No matter age, gender, ideals, race, etc.. It lays the groundwork of a heavily discussed topic and provokes so much thought I believe is vital to conversations regarding (how Lerner puts it) "the subordination of women."
There's so much more to unpack, but I unfortunately don't have time; I've got patriarchy to destroy.
January 4, 2017
I have long wondered how it is that half the world's population can be oppressed/repressed/suppressed, with some variations with respect to societal norms and religion, but with remarkable consistency and, apparently, women's own (to me, inexplicable) compliance, if not active complicity. I've wondered where the roots of such disparity in power and authority lie and if they're biological or historical, not least because they seem universal and reified while being wholly counterintuitive (bad not just for women, but for society as a whole).
Gerda Lerner's book offers a deeply satisfying overview of the myriad theories that have been proposed to explain this dynamic, the critiques that have been put forth, and the research that's been done to test both. She offers her own compelling explanation (52): "The story of civilization is the story of men and women struggling up from necessity, from their helpless dependence on nature, to freedom and their partial mastery over nature. In this struggle, women were longer confined to species-essential activities [baby-making and raising] than men and were therefore more vulnerable to being disadvantaged. My argument sharply distinguishes between biological necessity, to which both men and women submitted and adapted, and culturally constructed norms and institutions, which forced women into subordinate roles. I have tried to show how it might have come to pass that women agreed to a sexual division of labor, which would eventually disadvantage them, without having been able to foresee the later consequences."
Lerner explains how the commodification of baby-making became the commodification and objectification of women, over a period of 2500 years. She continues (214): "The first gender-defined social role for women was to be those who were exchanged in marriage transactions. The obverse gender role for men was to be those who did the exchanging or who defined the terms of the exchanges." And, "The gender-defined role of warrior led men to acquire power over men and women of conquered tribes. Such war-induced conquest usually occurred over people already differentiated from the victors by race, ethnicity, or simple tribal difference. In its ultimate origin, 'difference' as a distinguishing mark between the conquered and the conquerors was based on the first clearly observable difference, that between the sexes. Men had learned how to assert and exercise power over people slightly different from themselves in the primary exchange of women. In so doing, men acquired the knowledge necessary to elevate 'difference' of whatever kind into a criterion for dominance."
Lerner then walks us through gender-specific exploitation in slavery, colonialism, and the class system, at every level of which women had (215) "vastly different obligations and privileges in regard to property, law, and economic resources," but "shared the unfreedom of being sexually and reproductively controlled by men. We can best express the complexity of women's various levels of dependency and freedom by comparing each woman with her brother and considering how the sister's and brother's lives and opportunities would differ. ...For women, class is mediated through their sexual ties to a man. It is through the man that women have access to or are denied access to the means of production and to resources. It is through their sexual behavior that they gain access to class." Along come concepts of respectability, family honor, chastity, purity, etc., with an assumption, of course, of sexual responsibility to a specified and socially-acceptable male provider (husband), all used to determine whether women are "worthy" of the men who may choose to provide for them. She continues (216): "From the second millennium B.C. forward control over the sexual behavior of citizens has been a major means of social control in every state society. Conversely, class hierarchy is constantly reconstituted in the family through sexual dominance. Regardless of the political or economic system, the kind of personality which can function in a hierarchical system is created and nurtured within the patriarchal family." And, moreover, (217): "The family not only mirrors the order int he state and educates its children to follow it, it also creates and constantly reinforces that order."
There's much more of value in the book, but the key part for me is (217): "The system of patriarchy can function only with the cooperation of women. This cooperation is secured by a variety of means: gender indoctrination [have you measured your value by your looks today?]; educational deprivation; the denial to women of knowledge of their history; the dividing of women, one from the other, by defining 'respectability' and 'deviance' according to women's sexual activities [have you commented on the length of a woman's skirt, used the term slut or ho, or even more passively judged a woman for her sexual behavior or presentation?]; by restraints and outright coercion; by discrimination in access to economic resources and political power; and by awarding class privileges to conforming women."
Lerner also offers some insights into intersectionality not unlike those in recent books about poor whites being coopted to support rich whites through an inculcated disdain for blacks. She writes (218): "For woman, other than those of the lower classes, the 'reciprocal agreement' went like this: in exchange for your sexual, economic, political, and intellectual subordination to men you may share the power of men of your class to exploit men and women of the lower class. In class society it is difficult for people who themselves have some power, however limited and circumscribed, to see themselves also as deprived and subordinated. Class and racial privileges serve to undercut the ability of women to see themselves as part of a coherent group, which, in fact, they are not, since women uniquely of all oppressed groups occur in all strata of the society."
Lerner explains that women need to overcome their own marginalization in the telling of history and place themselves back in human society and the universe; they must overcome indoctrination, educate themselves, recognize alternatives to existing conditions, and understand their self-worth, rejecting societal/male efforts to trivialize and marginalize their ways of thinking, interacting, and contributing. Lerner concludes (229): "As long as both men and women regard the subordination of half the human race to the other as 'natural,' it is impossible to envision a society in which differences to not connote either dominance or subordination. The feminist critique of the patriarchal edifice of knowledge is laying the groundwork for a correct analysis of reality, one which at the very least can distinguish the whole from a part."
Gerda Lerner's book offers a deeply satisfying overview of the myriad theories that have been proposed to explain this dynamic, the critiques that have been put forth, and the research that's been done to test both. She offers her own compelling explanation (52): "The story of civilization is the story of men and women struggling up from necessity, from their helpless dependence on nature, to freedom and their partial mastery over nature. In this struggle, women were longer confined to species-essential activities [baby-making and raising] than men and were therefore more vulnerable to being disadvantaged. My argument sharply distinguishes between biological necessity, to which both men and women submitted and adapted, and culturally constructed norms and institutions, which forced women into subordinate roles. I have tried to show how it might have come to pass that women agreed to a sexual division of labor, which would eventually disadvantage them, without having been able to foresee the later consequences."
Lerner explains how the commodification of baby-making became the commodification and objectification of women, over a period of 2500 years. She continues (214): "The first gender-defined social role for women was to be those who were exchanged in marriage transactions. The obverse gender role for men was to be those who did the exchanging or who defined the terms of the exchanges." And, "The gender-defined role of warrior led men to acquire power over men and women of conquered tribes. Such war-induced conquest usually occurred over people already differentiated from the victors by race, ethnicity, or simple tribal difference. In its ultimate origin, 'difference' as a distinguishing mark between the conquered and the conquerors was based on the first clearly observable difference, that between the sexes. Men had learned how to assert and exercise power over people slightly different from themselves in the primary exchange of women. In so doing, men acquired the knowledge necessary to elevate 'difference' of whatever kind into a criterion for dominance."
Lerner then walks us through gender-specific exploitation in slavery, colonialism, and the class system, at every level of which women had (215) "vastly different obligations and privileges in regard to property, law, and economic resources," but "shared the unfreedom of being sexually and reproductively controlled by men. We can best express the complexity of women's various levels of dependency and freedom by comparing each woman with her brother and considering how the sister's and brother's lives and opportunities would differ. ...For women, class is mediated through their sexual ties to a man. It is through the man that women have access to or are denied access to the means of production and to resources. It is through their sexual behavior that they gain access to class." Along come concepts of respectability, family honor, chastity, purity, etc., with an assumption, of course, of sexual responsibility to a specified and socially-acceptable male provider (husband), all used to determine whether women are "worthy" of the men who may choose to provide for them. She continues (216): "From the second millennium B.C. forward control over the sexual behavior of citizens has been a major means of social control in every state society. Conversely, class hierarchy is constantly reconstituted in the family through sexual dominance. Regardless of the political or economic system, the kind of personality which can function in a hierarchical system is created and nurtured within the patriarchal family." And, moreover, (217): "The family not only mirrors the order int he state and educates its children to follow it, it also creates and constantly reinforces that order."
There's much more of value in the book, but the key part for me is (217): "The system of patriarchy can function only with the cooperation of women. This cooperation is secured by a variety of means: gender indoctrination [have you measured your value by your looks today?]; educational deprivation; the denial to women of knowledge of their history; the dividing of women, one from the other, by defining 'respectability' and 'deviance' according to women's sexual activities [have you commented on the length of a woman's skirt, used the term slut or ho, or even more passively judged a woman for her sexual behavior or presentation?]; by restraints and outright coercion; by discrimination in access to economic resources and political power; and by awarding class privileges to conforming women."
Lerner also offers some insights into intersectionality not unlike those in recent books about poor whites being coopted to support rich whites through an inculcated disdain for blacks. She writes (218): "For woman, other than those of the lower classes, the 'reciprocal agreement' went like this: in exchange for your sexual, economic, political, and intellectual subordination to men you may share the power of men of your class to exploit men and women of the lower class. In class society it is difficult for people who themselves have some power, however limited and circumscribed, to see themselves also as deprived and subordinated. Class and racial privileges serve to undercut the ability of women to see themselves as part of a coherent group, which, in fact, they are not, since women uniquely of all oppressed groups occur in all strata of the society."
Lerner explains that women need to overcome their own marginalization in the telling of history and place themselves back in human society and the universe; they must overcome indoctrination, educate themselves, recognize alternatives to existing conditions, and understand their self-worth, rejecting societal/male efforts to trivialize and marginalize their ways of thinking, interacting, and contributing. Lerner concludes (229): "As long as both men and women regard the subordination of half the human race to the other as 'natural,' it is impossible to envision a society in which differences to not connote either dominance or subordination. The feminist critique of the patriarchal edifice of knowledge is laying the groundwork for a correct analysis of reality, one which at the very least can distinguish the whole from a part."
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