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孝芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜
笑褟 泻薪懈卸泻邪 胁懈褏芯写懈褌褜 褍 谢褞写懈 锌褨褋谢褟 褌褉懈胁邪谢芯褩 锌邪褍蟹懈 胁 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪褨泄 褌胁芯褉褔芯褋褌褨 袗褉褌械屑邪 效械褏邪. 袦芯斜褨谢褨蟹芯胁邪薪懈泄 褍 锌鈥櫻徰傃栃� 褔械褉蟹褨, 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻 锌褉芯斜褍胁 10 屑褨褋褟褑褨胁 薪邪 锌械褉械写芯胁褨泄, 褨 褌械锌械褉 胁褨薪 斜械蟹 锌邪褎芯褋褍 泄 薪邪写屑褨褉薪芯谐芯 薪邪褌褍褉邪谢褨蟹屑褍, 蟹褨 蟹写芯褉芯胁芯褞 褋邪屑芯褨褉芯薪褨褦褞 褌邪 胁褨写胁械褉褌褨褋褌褞 褋褌胁芯褉褞褦 芯斜褉邪蟹 褋褍褔邪褋薪芯谐芯 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯谐芯 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯谐芯 鈥� 薪械 谐谢懈斜芯泻芯 褌褉邪胁屑芯胁邪薪芯谐芯 薪械胁写邪褏褍, 褉芯蟹褔邪胁谢械薪芯谐芯 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪邪屑懈, 薪械 褨写械邪谢褨蟹芯胁邪薪芯谐芯 斜械蟹褋褌褉邪褕薪芯谐芯 械锌褨褔薪芯谐芯 胁芯褩薪邪, 邪 谐械褉芯褟 薪邪褕芯谐芯 褔邪褋褍.
224 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2017
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October 18, 2022
"Glagoslav Publications" sounded familiar, and when I checked I found that they also put out the English translation of Serhiy Zhadan's novel Depeche Mode, which I read and enjoyed earlier this year. They seem to offer a good selection of contemporary Ukrainian authors in general. As for Artem Chekh, born 1985, I looked him up after reading a piece of his in the NYT earlier this year, called That's now, in 2022. His book however takes us back to his deployment in the mid-2010s, following Russia's invasion of Donbas, to a time when you often heard the situation on the front referred to as a "frozen conflict." That always seemed like a misleading term, but this听is听a rather quiet memoir of war. The incident of violence that lingers in my mind the most- and speaks to one of the themes of the book- involves the autumn disappearance of a Ukrainian commander near the Russian lines, after which Artem and his fellow soldiers conclude that the man has defected to the Russians. "We had to be careful now, attentive and ready at any moment to encounter enemy scouts who would know all our secret paths, the location of our posts, and even our birthdays." Come spring, however, they find the commander in the woods, "his head shot by his own Makarov, his body half-eaten by foxes." As Artem puts it elsewhere, it's really the waiting that's hardest to endure. I was reminded of some of the early chapters of Homage to Catalonia, where Orwell describes feeling bored and useless, and spends time wondering about the people on the other side of the distant lines. Artem does that, too:
I train almost daily. Is there someone on the enemy's side who also is training and watching our positions? He lifts weights, eats energy bars, goes out for morning runs. Or maybe he just sits, extremely bored, watches for fires on our side and thinks: What do those Ukrainians do? What do they live on? Are all of them drunk or only half? Maybe they're eating? And what do they eat? Those children of Donbas? Maybe they are sleeping in their bunkers watching movies? Which movies?Is this a book that will help you to "understand the roots of the Russo-Ukrainian War", as the NYT would have it? It depends on how you interpret that. When explaining in one chapter why he usually nods and agrees with an older man he's deployed with, an interesting guy everyone calls Uncle Lyosha, Artem writes that "arguing for my version of truth is not something I feel I need to do." Accordingly, the book isn't a polemic. There's no sense of a need to persuade. Nor does it aspire to prescience, even if I'm afraid it occasionally achieves it: "It [the war] will either stop or grow into something more frightening, monstrous, and without compromise." For the most part, though, talk about the future of the war is presented as a phenomenon, as another subject that bored soldiers are bound to talk about. The book isn't history either, although you do see the outlines of a personal history that's intertwined with the birth and development of independent Ukraine, from to the Orange Revolution in 2003, to Maidan. It's also a personal history shadowed by the memory of a Soviet stepfather (or maybe step-grandfather- it's left a little ambiguous) who served in Afghanistan and demonstrates for Artem one possible outcome of having lived through war:
I saw Pylyp for the last time during the Orange Revolution. By then he was a complete drunk, he hung out near the Central Market, for a bottle he moved baskets of vegetables. He didn't wash his clothes, shaved once a week, and often slept in that very market among the tents. Is he still alive? I don't know...So how to describe the book? These are short, fragmentary pieces that, while they don't elide specifics entirely, tend to focus on the day-to-day inner experience of being deployed, often without any appreciable goal or even combat as a distraction. Artem usually begins with a clear subject- a pair of New Balance shoes, a cat that takes up residence in their barracks, a mental habit of watching out for the enemy, the worldview of Uncle Lyosha, the reaction of people in Donbas to the presence of the soldiers- and holds it up for inspection for a page or two, in the process revealing a new aspect of a life that to most of us is alien. And which was once alien to him.
...And so now, with my own war in my head, with my own experiences in this filthy trench epic...I understand Pylyp in a way that I didn't understand him before. He became closer- as if I had the chance to crawl into his head and see his war, to accept it and in some measure like it.
I did find the book especially challenging to write about, and I think my difficulty is exemplified by the synopsis on the back, which reads in part: "One of the most important messages the book conveys is that war means pain. Chekh is not showing the reader any heroic combat, focusing instead on the quiet, mundane, and harsh soldier's life." It's a sincere description, but also overly familiar. It's difficult to write about this book without either delving into it on a granular level on one hand, or, on the other, making it sound like a recounting of the truisms that most of us have already absorbed through war literature and films. And this is because the value derives from Artem's unique voice- a difficult thing to communicate through a synopsis or a review- rather than a specific geopolitical insight, or anything conceptually new that he's discovered about the human experience of combat. In fact, there's a timeless and placeless quality to many of the passages in the book. I talked recently to a friend in Kyiv who said that life there since February has felt like something out of medieval times. Artem also finds something anachronistic in his experience, writing that war is something that belongs to the Middle Ages. He then concludes, "I think that sometime in the future when historians study our present they will call it the Middle Ages." The impression you're left with is that certain things about the experience of combat remain consistent across time; and that even fighting a just war isn't a salve against boredom, ambivalence, self-doubt, and resentment towards people who get to keep living normal lives as if nothing were happening.听
"...We only want to get out of here quickly and forget everything, but we also want to remember everything forever. And we wonder how to make sense of it all, wonder how we can live with all we've experienced, and how we can live leaving all this behind?" Amazingly enough, this passage towards the end of the book (and the end of Artem's deployment) was written in a slightly more innocent time- when normal life was something that existed in Ukraine, and the war was something that could at least be gotten away from. But the last question speaks to another truism, which states that war can be as seductive as it is repellent. It sounds to me like a cautious hope that he never comes to understand that Pylyp guy too well. And by extension that Ukrainians first and foremost win their war, and their right to exist as a people, but secondly that they're not swallowed by the Middle Ages. That they win, and then find a way to forget the mentality that war engenders.听
Don't read this so you can win an argument about the war. Read it to understand some of the people still fighting it.
March 15, 2022
袟斜褨褉泻邪 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌褍褦, 褟泻 泻褉褨蟹褜 蟹胁懈褔薪褨 褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉懈 褨写械薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌褨 (屑芯谢芯写懈泄 锌褉芯褎械褋褨芯薪邪谢 蟹 褋械褉械写薪褜芯谐芯 泻谢邪褋褍, 胁懈褖邪 芯褋胁褨褌邪, 褌胁芯褉褔邪 褋锌械褑褨邪谢褜薪褨褋褌褜, 芯褑械 芯褌 褍褋械) 锌褉芯褉芯褋褌邪褦 褨写械薪褌懈褔薪褨褋褌褜 谢褞写懈薪懈 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨. 袩褉芯褑械褋 褍褋泻谢邪写薪褞褦褌褜褋褟 褌懈屑, 褖芯 薪邪 褋谢芯胁芯 "褋芯谢写邪褌" 褍 薪邪褋 斜邪谐邪褌芯 谐芯褌芯胁懈褏 褋褞卸械褌褨胁, 锌芯褉褨胁薪褟薪褜 褨 褋褌械褉械芯褌懈锌褨胁, 邪谢械 胁芯薪懈 胁褋褨 褋谢邪斜泻芯 泻芯薪褎褨谐褍褉褍褞褌褜 褨蟹 褉芯蟹褏褉懈褋褌邪薪褨褋褌褞 卸懈胁芯谐芯 写芯褋胁褨写褍 褨 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌芯胁芯褞 斜械蟹褋褞卸械褌薪褨褋褌褞 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 屑懈 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦屑芯 锌褉芯卸懈褌懈泄 褔邪褋 (褉械褎褉械薪 "袙褨泄薪邪 鈥� 褑械 薪械褑褨泻邪胁芯").
袩褉懈褩卸写卸邪褦, 芯褌卸械, 谐芯谢芯胁薪懈泄 谐械褉芯泄 薪邪 锌芯谢褨谐芯薪 褨 卸邪褏邪褦褌褜褋褟: 袚芯褋锌芯写懈, 鈥� 写褍屑邪褞, 鈥� 泻褍写懈 褟 锌芯褌褉邪锌懈胁, 褏褌芯 胁褋褨 褑褨 谢褞写懈 褨 写械 褌褨 蟹胁懈褌褟卸薪褨 泄 斜褉邪胁褨 褞薪邪泻懈 蟹 褉械泻谢邪屑薪懈褏 斜芯褉写褨胁? 袛械 胁褋褨 褑褨 褞褉懈褋褌懈, 写懈蟹邪泄薪械褉懈, 卸褍褉薪邪谢褨褋褌懈, 褉械泻谢邪屑薪懈泻懈? 袛械 褌褨, 褏褌芯 锌褉芯写邪胁 褋胁芯褩 褉芯谢褋-褉芯泄褋懈 褌邪 锌芯写邪胁褋褟 薪邪 褎褉芯薪褌? 些芯 褑械 蟹邪 褔芯褉薪邪 谐胁邪褉写褨褟, 褖芯 褑械 蟹邪 屑邪褏薪芯胁褋褜泻芯-谐褉懈谐芯褉鈥櫻斝惭佈屝盒� 褉胁邪薪褜? 袗谢械 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 锌褨写芯蟹褉褞胁邪褌懈, 褖芯 蟹邪 褟泻懈泄褋褜 屑褨褋褟褑褜 锌械褉械泄屑械 褑褞 褎邪泻褌褍褉褍 锌芯斜褍褌褍 褨 褌械卸 锌谢褞胁邪褌懈屑械 薪邪 薪芯胁芯斜褉邪薪褑褨胁, 屑芯卸械 褨 泻褉褨蟹褜 蟹褍斜懈))))))
(袧邪泄泻褉邪褖懈泄 褨 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕 褨褉芯薪褨褔薪懈泄 械褋械泄 蟹斜褨褉泻懈, 锌芯-屑芯褦屑褍, 芯锌懈褋褍褦 褌械, 褟泻 谐芯谢芯胁薪懈泄 谐械褉芯泄 胁械褉褌邪褦褌褜褋褟 褍 胁褨写锌褍褋褌泻褍 写芯 袣懈褦胁邪 泄 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 卸邪褏邪褌懈褋褟: 褌邪屑 胁褨泄薪邪, 邪 褌褍褌 谢褞写懈 卸懈胁褍褌褜, 薪褨斜懈 薪褨褔芯谐芯 泄 薪械 胁褨写斜褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟. 袗 锌芯褌褨屑 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦, 褖芯 泄 褍 薪褜芯谐芯 写芯褋胁褨写 胁褨泄薪懈 薪械胁懈写懈屑懈泄 褌械卸: 袩褉芯褩卸写卸邪褞褔懈 褋褌邪薪褑褨褞 屑械褌褉芯 芦袙芯泻蟹邪谢褜薪邪禄, 谢芯胁谢褞 薪邪 褋芯斜褨 锌芯谐谢褟写懈 蟹邪屑褍褔械薪懈褏 褌邪 胁懈锌邪谢械薪懈褏 褋芯薪褑械屑 褨 锌芯褉芯褏芯屑 褋芯谢写邪褌褨胁, 褖芯 蟹邪褏芯写褟褌褜 写芯 胁邪谐芯薪邪. 袧褍, 蟹胁褨褋薪芯: 薪邪 屑械薪褨 泻械写懈, 褕芯褉褌懈 泄 斜械蟹褌褍褉斜芯褌薪褨褋褌褜. 袟胁褨写泻懈 褩屑 蟹薪邪褌懈, 褖芯 蟹邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 写薪褨胁 褟 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褋褟 写芯 薪懈褏, 褖芯 褟 鈥� 胁芯薪懈. 些芯 屑懈 鈥� 褉邪蟹芯屑.)
袩芯 褋褍褌褨, 斜褨谢褜褕褨褋褌褜 械褋械褩胁 褍 蟹斜褨褉褑褨 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌邪褌懈胁薪邪, 屑芯谐谢懈 斜褍褌懈 褑褨 - 屑芯谐谢懈 斜褍褌懈 褟泻褨褋褜 械褋械褩 褨薪褕褨 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨. 袗谢械 锌褉懈 薪械芯斜芯胁'褟蟹泻芯胁芯褋褌褨 泻芯卸薪芯谐芯 芯泻褉械屑芯谐芯 褉芯蟹写褨谢褍 胁邪卸懈褌褜, 褟泻 胁芯薪懈 褋泻谢邪写邪褞褌褜褋褟 胁 褑褨谢械: 谢懈褕械 泻褍屑褍谢褟褌懈胁薪芯 锌芯屑褨褔邪褦褕, 褔芯谐芯 薪邪 "孝芯褔褑褨 薪褍谢褜" 薪械屑邪. 小屑械褉褌械泄 薪械屑邪 褨 斜芯泄芯胁懈褏 写褨泄 薪械屑邪, 褨 褌褨, 褨 褌褨 蟹谐邪写邪薪芯 谢懈褕械 写褍卸械 屑懈屑芯褏褨写褜. 袩褉懈锌褍褋褌褨屑芯, 褋屑械褉褌褜 褏芯褔-薪械-褏芯褔 谐械薪械褉褍胁邪谢邪 斜 褋褞卸械褌 (斜芯 褑械 褋泻褨薪褔械薪薪褨褋褌褜 褍屑芯卸谢懈胁谢褞褦 褋褞卸械褌, 褌邪?), 邪 锌褉芯 斜芯泄芯胁褨 写褨褩 胁 薪邪褋 褦 斜邪谐邪褌芯 谐芯褌芯胁懈褏 薪邪褉邪褌懈胁褨胁 蟹 屑邪褋芯胁芯褩 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉懈, 褖芯 锌邪褌懈薪芯褞 蟹邪泻褉懈胁邪褞褌褜 写芯褋胁褨写, 邪 写芯褋胁褨写 芯褌 斜械蟹褋褞卸械褌薪懈泄 褨 薪械褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉芯胁邪薪懈泄. (袩褉芯 薪械褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉芯胁邪薪褨褋褌褜 褨 斜械蟹褋褞卸械褌薪褨褋褌褜 卸懈褌褌褟 - 薪邪 锌褉芯褌懈胁邪谐褍 写芯 褋屑械褉褌褨 泄 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 - 胁褋械 褟褋薪芯, 邪谢械 褔懈 褩褩 泻芯薪褔械 褌褉械斜邪 锌械褉械写邪胁邪褌懈 褌邪泻懈屑 卸械 邪屑芯褉褎薪懈屑 写芯褋胁褨写芯屑 写谢褟 褔懈褌邪褔邪? 薪械 锌械胁薪邪, 邪谢械 锌褉懈泄芯屑 锌褉邪褑褞褦). 袣芯褉芯褌褕械, 褑械 褋懈屑锌邪褌懈褔薪邪 蟹斜褨褉泻邪 械褋械褩胁 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 褟泻 褋锌芯褋褨斜 芯褉谐邪薪褨蟹邪褑褨褩 锌芯斜褍褌褍.
袩褉懈褩卸写卸邪褦, 芯褌卸械, 谐芯谢芯胁薪懈泄 谐械褉芯泄 薪邪 锌芯谢褨谐芯薪 褨 卸邪褏邪褦褌褜褋褟: 袚芯褋锌芯写懈, 鈥� 写褍屑邪褞, 鈥� 泻褍写懈 褟 锌芯褌褉邪锌懈胁, 褏褌芯 胁褋褨 褑褨 谢褞写懈 褨 写械 褌褨 蟹胁懈褌褟卸薪褨 泄 斜褉邪胁褨 褞薪邪泻懈 蟹 褉械泻谢邪屑薪懈褏 斜芯褉写褨胁? 袛械 胁褋褨 褑褨 褞褉懈褋褌懈, 写懈蟹邪泄薪械褉懈, 卸褍褉薪邪谢褨褋褌懈, 褉械泻谢邪屑薪懈泻懈? 袛械 褌褨, 褏褌芯 锌褉芯写邪胁 褋胁芯褩 褉芯谢褋-褉芯泄褋懈 褌邪 锌芯写邪胁褋褟 薪邪 褎褉芯薪褌? 些芯 褑械 蟹邪 褔芯褉薪邪 谐胁邪褉写褨褟, 褖芯 褑械 蟹邪 屑邪褏薪芯胁褋褜泻芯-谐褉懈谐芯褉鈥櫻斝惭佈屝盒� 褉胁邪薪褜? 袗谢械 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 锌褨写芯蟹褉褞胁邪褌懈, 褖芯 蟹邪 褟泻懈泄褋褜 屑褨褋褟褑褜 锌械褉械泄屑械 褑褞 褎邪泻褌褍褉褍 锌芯斜褍褌褍 褨 褌械卸 锌谢褞胁邪褌懈屑械 薪邪 薪芯胁芯斜褉邪薪褑褨胁, 屑芯卸械 褨 泻褉褨蟹褜 蟹褍斜懈))))))
(袧邪泄泻褉邪褖懈泄 褨 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕 褨褉芯薪褨褔薪懈泄 械褋械泄 蟹斜褨褉泻懈, 锌芯-屑芯褦屑褍, 芯锌懈褋褍褦 褌械, 褟泻 谐芯谢芯胁薪懈泄 谐械褉芯泄 胁械褉褌邪褦褌褜褋褟 褍 胁褨写锌褍褋褌泻褍 写芯 袣懈褦胁邪 泄 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦 卸邪褏邪褌懈褋褟: 褌邪屑 胁褨泄薪邪, 邪 褌褍褌 谢褞写懈 卸懈胁褍褌褜, 薪褨斜懈 薪褨褔芯谐芯 泄 薪械 胁褨写斜褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟. 袗 锌芯褌褨屑 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦, 褖芯 泄 褍 薪褜芯谐芯 写芯褋胁褨写 胁褨泄薪懈 薪械胁懈写懈屑懈泄 褌械卸: 袩褉芯褩卸写卸邪褞褔懈 褋褌邪薪褑褨褞 屑械褌褉芯 芦袙芯泻蟹邪谢褜薪邪禄, 谢芯胁谢褞 薪邪 褋芯斜褨 锌芯谐谢褟写懈 蟹邪屑褍褔械薪懈褏 褌邪 胁懈锌邪谢械薪懈褏 褋芯薪褑械屑 褨 锌芯褉芯褏芯屑 褋芯谢写邪褌褨胁, 褖芯 蟹邪褏芯写褟褌褜 写芯 胁邪谐芯薪邪. 袧褍, 蟹胁褨褋薪芯: 薪邪 屑械薪褨 泻械写懈, 褕芯褉褌懈 泄 斜械蟹褌褍褉斜芯褌薪褨褋褌褜. 袟胁褨写泻懈 褩屑 蟹薪邪褌懈, 褖芯 蟹邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 写薪褨胁 褟 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褋褟 写芯 薪懈褏, 褖芯 褟 鈥� 胁芯薪懈. 些芯 屑懈 鈥� 褉邪蟹芯屑.)
袩芯 褋褍褌褨, 斜褨谢褜褕褨褋褌褜 械褋械褩胁 褍 蟹斜褨褉褑褨 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌邪褌懈胁薪邪, 屑芯谐谢懈 斜褍褌懈 褑褨 - 屑芯谐谢懈 斜褍褌懈 褟泻褨褋褜 械褋械褩 褨薪褕褨 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨. 袗谢械 锌褉懈 薪械芯斜芯胁'褟蟹泻芯胁芯褋褌褨 泻芯卸薪芯谐芯 芯泻褉械屑芯谐芯 褉芯蟹写褨谢褍 胁邪卸懈褌褜, 褟泻 胁芯薪懈 褋泻谢邪写邪褞褌褜褋褟 胁 褑褨谢械: 谢懈褕械 泻褍屑褍谢褟褌懈胁薪芯 锌芯屑褨褔邪褦褕, 褔芯谐芯 薪邪 "孝芯褔褑褨 薪褍谢褜" 薪械屑邪. 小屑械褉褌械泄 薪械屑邪 褨 斜芯泄芯胁懈褏 写褨泄 薪械屑邪, 褨 褌褨, 褨 褌褨 蟹谐邪写邪薪芯 谢懈褕械 写褍卸械 屑懈屑芯褏褨写褜. 袩褉懈锌褍褋褌褨屑芯, 褋屑械褉褌褜 褏芯褔-薪械-褏芯褔 谐械薪械褉褍胁邪谢邪 斜 褋褞卸械褌 (斜芯 褑械 褋泻褨薪褔械薪薪褨褋褌褜 褍屑芯卸谢懈胁谢褞褦 褋褞卸械褌, 褌邪?), 邪 锌褉芯 斜芯泄芯胁褨 写褨褩 胁 薪邪褋 褦 斜邪谐邪褌芯 谐芯褌芯胁懈褏 薪邪褉邪褌懈胁褨胁 蟹 屑邪褋芯胁芯褩 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉懈, 褖芯 锌邪褌懈薪芯褞 蟹邪泻褉懈胁邪褞褌褜 写芯褋胁褨写, 邪 写芯褋胁褨写 芯褌 斜械蟹褋褞卸械褌薪懈泄 褨 薪械褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉芯胁邪薪懈泄. (袩褉芯 薪械褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉芯胁邪薪褨褋褌褜 褨 斜械蟹褋褞卸械褌薪褨褋褌褜 卸懈褌褌褟 - 薪邪 锌褉芯褌懈胁邪谐褍 写芯 褋屑械褉褌褨 泄 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈 - 胁褋械 褟褋薪芯, 邪谢械 褔懈 褩褩 泻芯薪褔械 褌褉械斜邪 锌械褉械写邪胁邪褌懈 褌邪泻懈屑 卸械 邪屑芯褉褎薪懈屑 写芯褋胁褨写芯屑 写谢褟 褔懈褌邪褔邪? 薪械 锌械胁薪邪, 邪谢械 锌褉懈泄芯屑 锌褉邪褑褞褦). 袣芯褉芯褌褕械, 褑械 褋懈屑锌邪褌懈褔薪邪 蟹斜褨褉泻邪 械褋械褩胁 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 褟泻 褋锌芯褋褨斜 芯褉谐邪薪褨蟹邪褑褨褩 锌芯斜褍褌褍.
July 13, 2023
袟斜褨褉泻邪 褍褉懈胁褔邪褋褌懈褏 褋锌芯谐邪写褨胁/褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪褜 褟泻邪 斜褨谢褜褕械 薪邪谐邪写褍褦 褋锌械褑懈褎褨褔薪懈泄 褖芯写械薪薪懈泻 褔懈 泻芯谢械泻褑褨褞 褎械泄褋斜褍泻-锌芯褋褌褨胁. 袦褨薪褨屑褍屑 斜芯泄芯胁褍褏懈 (褌芯褔薪褨褕械 褩褩 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 薪械屑邪) - 屑邪泻褋懈屑褍屑 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨泄 薪邪 褌械屑褍 芦褏褍写芯卸薪懈泻 褨 邪褉屑褨褟禄. 袦械薪褨, 写芯 褉械褔褨, 写褍卸械 斜谢懈蟹褜泻懈褏 褨 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨谢懈褏.
袛褍卸械 褑褨泻邪胁芯 斜褍谢芯 斜懈 锌芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 锌褉芯写芯胁卸械薪薪褟 芦孝芯褔泻懈 薪褍谢褜禄 蟹 芯谐谢褟写褍 薪邪 写芯褋胁褨写 效械褏邪 胁 薪芯胁褨褌薪褨泄 褎邪蟹褨 褑褨褦褩 胁褨泄薪懈, 斜芯 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 写谢褟 屑械薪械, 褟泻 写谢褟 褍褔邪褋薪懈泻邪 锌芯写褨泄 14-16懈褏 褉芯泻褨胁 , 薪械 褌邪泻 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 褟泻 锌褉芯 邪褉屑褨褞 褌邪 锌械褉械斜褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁 薪褨泄 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸邪, 褟泻懈泄 写谢褟 褑褜芯谐芯 写芯褋胁褨写褍 芦薪械 斜褍胁 褋褌胁芯褉械薪懈泄禄, 邪谢械 褟泻 褨 谢懈褔懈褌褜 谐械褉芯褞 泻懈薪褍胁褋褟 胁 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹 谐芯谢芯胁芯褞.
笑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 褔褍写芯胁芯 锌褨写褨泄写械 褟泻 锌械褉褕懈泄 泻褉芯泻 锌褨写谐芯褌芯胁泻懈 写芯 屑芯斜褨谢褨蟹邪褑褨褩 褨 褋谢褍卸斜懈 胁 邪褉屑褨褩. 小谢褍卸懈胁懈屑 屑芯卸械 蟹邪泄褌懈 褟泻 薪褨卸薪褨 谢褨褉懈褔薪褨 褋锌芯谐邪写懈 锌褉芯 芦袗孝袨禄 褟泻懈屑 胁芯薪芯 斜褍谢芯 袛袨.
袛褍卸械 褑褨泻邪胁芯 斜褍谢芯 斜懈 锌芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 锌褉芯写芯胁卸械薪薪褟 芦孝芯褔泻懈 薪褍谢褜禄 蟹 芯谐谢褟写褍 薪邪 写芯褋胁褨写 效械褏邪 胁 薪芯胁褨褌薪褨泄 褎邪蟹褨 褑褨褦褩 胁褨泄薪懈, 斜芯 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 写谢褟 屑械薪械, 褟泻 写谢褟 褍褔邪褋薪懈泻邪 锌芯写褨泄 14-16懈褏 褉芯泻褨胁 , 薪械 褌邪泻 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 褟泻 锌褉芯 邪褉屑褨褞 褌邪 锌械褉械斜褍胁邪薪薪褟 胁 薪褨泄 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸邪, 褟泻懈泄 写谢褟 褑褜芯谐芯 写芯褋胁褨写褍 芦薪械 斜褍胁 褋褌胁芯褉械薪懈泄禄, 邪谢械 褟泻 褨 谢懈褔懈褌褜 谐械褉芯褞 泻懈薪褍胁褋褟 胁 薪褜芯谐芯 蟹 谐芯谢芯胁芯褞.
笑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 褔褍写芯胁芯 锌褨写褨泄写械 褟泻 锌械褉褕懈泄 泻褉芯泻 锌褨写谐芯褌芯胁泻懈 写芯 屑芯斜褨谢褨蟹邪褑褨褩 褨 褋谢褍卸斜懈 胁 邪褉屑褨褩. 小谢褍卸懈胁懈屑 屑芯卸械 蟹邪泄褌懈 褟泻 薪褨卸薪褨 谢褨褉懈褔薪褨 褋锌芯谐邪写懈 锌褉芯 芦袗孝袨禄 褟泻懈屑 胁芯薪芯 斜褍谢芯 袛袨.
March 11, 2025
写褍卸械 褋锌芯写芯斜邪谢芯褋褜 - 褔械褋薪芯 褨 胁褨写胁械褉褌芯, 褌邪泻 褟泻 薪褨斜懈 锌褨写谐谢褟写邪褦褕
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August 10, 2024芦孝芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜禄 薪械褋锌芯写褨胁邪薪芯 胁懈褉胁邪谢邪 屑械薪械 蟹 屑褨褋褟褑褨胁, 泻芯谢懈 褋懈谢 薪邪 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟 斜芯写邪泄 褔芯谐芯褋褜 薪械 斜褍谢芯 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨. 袧械 蟹薪邪褞, 褟泻 褌邪泻械 褋褌邪谢芯褋褟, 邪 褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌 褌芯褔薪芯 锌芯屑褨褌薪懈泄.
携 褔懈褌邪谢邪 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 薪邪 褏芯写褍, 芯斜褏芯写褟褔懈 褋褌芯胁锌懈, 褋屑褨褌薪懈泻懈, 泻谢褍屑斜懈, 屑邪谢褨 邪褉褏褨褌械泻褌褍褉薪褨 褎芯褉屑懈 褌邪 谢褞写械泄. 袟褍锌懈薪褟谢邪褋褟 褌褨谢褜泻懈 薪邪 锌械褉械褏芯写邪褏, 褖芯斜 褋褌械卸懈褌懈 蟹邪 褋胁褨褌谢芯褎芯褉芯屑 褨 锌褉芯写芯胁卸褍胁邪褌懈 褉褍褏 写邪谢褨.
袙芯薪邪 褌褉邪锌懈谢邪褋褟 屑械薪褨 褋邪屑械 褌芯写褨, 泻芯谢懈 褨 屑邪谢邪 褌褉邪锌懈褌懈褋褟, 邪 褌械锌械褉 屑邪薪写褉褍褦 屑褨卸 谢褞写褜屑懈.
携 褔懈褌邪谢邪 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 薪邪 褏芯写褍, 芯斜褏芯写褟褔懈 褋褌芯胁锌懈, 褋屑褨褌薪懈泻懈, 泻谢褍屑斜懈, 屑邪谢褨 邪褉褏褨褌械泻褌褍褉薪褨 褎芯褉屑懈 褌邪 谢褞写械泄. 袟褍锌懈薪褟谢邪褋褟 褌褨谢褜泻懈 薪邪 锌械褉械褏芯写邪褏, 褖芯斜 褋褌械卸懈褌懈 蟹邪 褋胁褨褌谢芯褎芯褉芯屑 褨 锌褉芯写芯胁卸褍胁邪褌懈 褉褍褏 写邪谢褨.
袙芯薪邪 褌褉邪锌懈谢邪褋褟 屑械薪褨 褋邪屑械 褌芯写褨, 泻芯谢懈 褨 屑邪谢邪 褌褉邪锌懈褌懈褋褟, 邪 褌械锌械褉 屑邪薪写褉褍褦 屑褨卸 谢褞写褜屑懈.
December 3, 2021
袩邪屑鈥樠徰傂把� 褟泻 斜褍谢邪 薪邪 薪邪褕芯屑褍 效械褉泻邪褋褜泻芯屑褍 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁芯屑褍 褎械褋褌懈胁邪谢褨 褍 2017, 胁褨薪 褌芯写褨 胁褨写斜褍胁邪胁褋褟 胁锌械褉褕械. 孝芯写褨 褟 泻褍锌懈锟斤拷邪 褑褞 泻薪懈谐褍, 锌褨褋谢褟 褩褩 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑褨褩 邪胁褌芯褉芯屑. 笑械 斜褍谢邪 胁谢邪褋薪械 薪械 褌邪泻 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑褨褟, 褟泻 锌褉芯褋褌邪 褉芯蟹屑芯胁邪. 效芯屑褍褋褜 褍褋械 褖芯 褟 蟹邪锌邪屑鈥樠徰傂靶恍� 鈥� 褑械 泻褉芯褋褨胁泻懈 new balance 薪邪 薪芯谐邪褏 袗褉褌械屑邪 效械褏邪. 携 褌芯写褨 写懈胁懈谢邪褋褜 薪邪 薪懈褏 褨 屑械薪褨 斜褍谢芯 褋泻谢邪写薪芯 褍褟胁懈褌懈 褑褜芯谐芯 褏谢芯锌褑褟 胁 薪褜褞 斜械谢械薪褋邪褏 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨. 袦芯谢芯写懈泄, 褌邪谢邪薪芯胁懈褌懈泄, 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌褜 谐邪褉薪芯 褨 胁胁褨褔谢懈胁芯. 携泻芯褋褜 胁芯薪芯 薪械 胁鈥樠徯缎笛傃屟佈�.
孝邪 胁褋褨 褑褨 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪褨 薪懈屑, 胁芯薪懈 写褍卸械 卸懈胁褨, 褋锌褉邪胁卸薪褨. 孝褍褌 薪械 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 褎邪谢褜褕褍. 袩褉芯褋褌芯 褌褉邪锌谢褟褦褌褜褋褟 褌邪泻, 褖芯 写褍卸械 褉褨蟹薪褨 谢褞写懈 锌芯褌褉邪锌谢褟褞褌褜 褍 褌邪泻褨 褋泻谢邪写薪褨 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪懈. 袊屑 写芯胁芯写懈褌褜褋褟 褉邪蟹芯屑 褩褏 锌械褉械卸懈胁邪褌懈, 褉邪蟹芯屑 锌褉芯褏芯写懈褌懈 泻褉褨蟹褜, 屑芯卸谢懈胁芯, 薪邪泄褋泻谢邪写薪褨褕懈泄 锌械褉褨芯写 褋胁芯谐芯 卸懈褌褌褟. 袛芯斜褉械, 褖芯 褦 褋械褉械写 薪懈褏 褌邪泻懈泄 褋芯斜褨 袗褉褌械屑, 褟泻懈泄 蟹屑褨谐 蟹邪薪芯褌褍胁邪褌懈 褋胁芯褩 褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍, 褖芯斜 屑懈 屑芯谐谢懈, 褋懈写褟褔懈 胁 斜械蟹锌械褑褨, 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褩褏. 笑械 写褍卸械 褑褨薪薪芯.
February 28, 2019
袛褍卸械 胁褨写胁械褉褌邪 褨 褔械褋薪邪 泻薪懈卸泻邪, 褨薪芯写褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 薪械蟹褉褍褔薪芯, 薪邪褔械 锌褨写谐谢褟写邪褦褕 褔械褉械蟹 蟹邪锌芯褌褨谢械 胁褨泻薪芯 褍 褔褍卸械 卸懈褌褌褟. 笑褨 褨褋褌芯褉褨褩 蟹芯胁褋褨屑 薪械 锌褉芯 械褕械薪, 邪 斜褨谢褜褕械 锌褉芯 泻芯薪褎谢褨泻褌 褍 泻芯薪褎谢褨泻褌褨, 蟹邪谐邪谢褜薪邪 写褉邪屑邪 褔械褉械蟹 锌褉懈蟹屑褍 芯褋芯斜懈褋褌芯褩. 袉 胁褋械 褑械 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪芯 写褍卸械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褨 泻褉邪褋懈胁芯.
February 8, 2024
袗褉褌械屑 效械褏 锌芯写芯斜邪褦褌褜褋褟 屑械薪褨 褋胁芯褦褞 褔械褋薪褨褋褌褞, 锌褉邪胁写懈胁褨褋褌褞, 褋锌褉邪胁卸薪褨褋褌褞. 袙褨薪 锌懈褕械 械褋械褩 锌褉芯 褋胁芯褞 褋谢褍卸斜褍 胁 邪褉屑褨褩, 褑械 2015-2016 褉褉. 褨 蟹邪褉邪蟹 胁褨薪 薪邪 褎褉芯薪褌褨. 孝懈 薪褨斜懈 褌邪屑, 褉邪蟹芯屑 蟹 薪懈屑 锌械褉械卸懈胁邪褦褕, 褩写械褕 胁芯褞胁邪褌懈 薪邪 褌芯褔泻褍 薪褍谢褜 (袛芯薪斜邪褋), 褋锌懈褕 胁 斜谢褨薪写邪卸褨, 褉芯蟹屑褨褉泻芯胁褍褦褕 薪邪写 卸懈褌褌褟屑, 写褨蟹薪邪褦褕褋褟 锌褉芯 锌芯斜褍褌 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏 褍屑芯胁邪褏, 锌褉芯 锌芯斜褉邪褌懈屑褨胁, 锌褉芯 斜邪卸邪薪薪褟 锌芯胁械褉薪褍褌懈褋褟 写芯写芯屑褍, 锌褉芯 斜邪卸邪薪薪褟 薪邪锌懈褋邪褌懈 泻薪懈谐褍... 锌褉芯 斜邪谐邪褌芯 泄芯谐芯 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨泄, 写褍屑芯泻. 袚邪褉薪邪 蟹斜褨褉泻邪, 写褍卸械 褋锌芯写芯斜邪谢邪褋褟, 褟泻 褨 泄芯谐芯 "袪邪泄芯薪 袛", 褟泻 褨 锌褨蟹薪褨褕械 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪邪 薪懈屑 泻薪懈谐邪 "啸褌芯 褌懈 褌邪泻懈泄"(蟹 褌芯谐芯, 褖芯 褟 褔懈褌邪谢邪). 袧械褏邪泄 邪薪谐械谢-芯褏芯褉芯薪械褑褜 蟹邪胁卸写懈 斜褍写械 锌芯褉褍褔... 褨 胁褋械 斜褍写械 芯斜芯胁'褟蟹泻芯胁芯 校泻褉邪褩薪邪.
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March 15, 2024芦孝邪泻 褔懈 褨薪邪泻褕械, 褍 泻芯卸薪芯谐芯 蟹 薪邪褋 斜褍写褍褌褜 薪芯胁褨 褋薪懈禄
笑械 薪械 泻薪懈卸泻邪 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 胁 写褍褋褨 袪械屑邪褉泻邪, 袚械屑褨薪覒胁械褟 褔懈 挟薪覒械褉邪. 袟褉械褕褌芯褞, 胁褨泄薪邪 褑械 薪械褑褨泻邪胁芯, 泻邪卸械 薪邪屑 效械褏. 袙芯薪邪 斜谢懈卸械 写芯 芯锌芯胁褨写褨 锌褉芯 卸懈褌褌褟 褍 谢褨褋褨 褔懈 锌谢邪胁邪薪薪褟 薪邪 泻懈褌芯斜褨泄薪芯屑褍 褋褍写薪褨, 锌褉芯 褉褨褕械薪薪褟 泻邪褉写懈薪邪谢褜薪芯 蟹屑褨薪懈褌懈 卸懈褌褌褟, 写芯 褟泻芯谐芯 褌械斜械 薪褨褏褌芯 薪械 蟹屑褍褕褍胁邪胁: 芦笑械 褌芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜. 袦械卸邪, 褟泻褨泄 锌械褉械写褍褦 斜械蟹谐谢褍蟹写邪 谢褍蟹谐邪 芯屑邪薪懈 泄 蟹邪 褟泻芯褞 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 写褍屑芯泻, 锌芯褔褍褌褌褨胁, 斜邪卸邪薪褜. 笑械 锌芯胁薪械 蟹邪薪褍褉械薪薪褟 胁 褋械斜械, 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌械泄 褨 屑懈褉褋褜泻芯谐芯 薪械锌芯褌褉械斜褍. 笑械 锌芯褋褌褉懈谐 褍 薪芯胁褍 褨褋褌芯褌褍, 褟泻芯褞 褟 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 褋褌邪胁 斜懈 蟹邪 褨薪褕懈褏 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪禄. 孝褍褌 薪械屑邪褦 褎褨谢芯褋芯褎褋褜泻懈褏 褍蟹邪谐邪谢褜薪械薪褜 褔懈 斜褨斜谢褨泄薪芯谐芯 褋懈屑胁芯谢褨蟹屑褍, 邪谢械 褦 胁谢褍褔薪褨 褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟 褌邪 写褍褏 写芯斜懈.
笑械 薪械 泻薪懈卸泻邪 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 胁 写褍褋褨 袪械屑邪褉泻邪, 袚械屑褨薪覒胁械褟 褔懈 挟薪覒械褉邪. 袟褉械褕褌芯褞, 胁褨泄薪邪 褑械 薪械褑褨泻邪胁芯, 泻邪卸械 薪邪屑 效械褏. 袙芯薪邪 斜谢懈卸械 写芯 芯锌芯胁褨写褨 锌褉芯 卸懈褌褌褟 褍 谢褨褋褨 褔懈 锌谢邪胁邪薪薪褟 薪邪 泻懈褌芯斜褨泄薪芯屑褍 褋褍写薪褨, 锌褉芯 褉褨褕械薪薪褟 泻邪褉写懈薪邪谢褜薪芯 蟹屑褨薪懈褌懈 卸懈褌褌褟, 写芯 褟泻芯谐芯 褌械斜械 薪褨褏褌芯 薪械 蟹屑褍褕褍胁邪胁: 芦笑械 褌芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜. 袦械卸邪, 褟泻褨泄 锌械褉械写褍褦 斜械蟹谐谢褍蟹写邪 谢褍蟹谐邪 芯屑邪薪懈 泄 蟹邪 褟泻芯褞 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 写褍屑芯泻, 锌芯褔褍褌褌褨胁, 斜邪卸邪薪褜. 笑械 锌芯胁薪械 蟹邪薪褍褉械薪薪褟 胁 褋械斜械, 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌械泄 褨 屑懈褉褋褜泻芯谐芯 薪械锌芯褌褉械斜褍. 笑械 锌芯褋褌褉懈谐 褍 薪芯胁褍 褨褋褌芯褌褍, 褟泻芯褞 褟 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 褋褌邪胁 斜懈 蟹邪 褨薪褕懈褏 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪禄. 孝褍褌 薪械屑邪褦 褎褨谢芯褋芯褎褋褜泻懈褏 褍蟹邪谐邪谢褜薪械薪褜 褔懈 斜褨斜谢褨泄薪芯谐芯 褋懈屑胁芯谢褨蟹屑褍, 邪谢械 褦 胁谢褍褔薪褨 褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟 褌邪 写褍褏 写芯斜懈.
January 11, 2024
褟 胁褨写泻谢邪写邪谢邪 褑褞 泻薪懈谐褍, 斜芯 斜芯褟谢邪褋褜, 褖芯 胁芯薪邪 斜褍写械 蟹邪薪邪写褌芯 卸芯褉褋褌芯泻芯褞 褔懈 斜芯谢褨褋薪芯褞, 邪 胁懈褟胁谢褟褦褌褜褋褟, 褖芯 薪械 胁邪褉褌芯 斜褍谢芯! 效械褏 锌懈褕械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌邪 褔械褋薪芯, 褨薪芯写褨 褋褌邪褦 褋褍屑薪芯, 褨薪芯写褨 - 褋屑褨褕薪芯. 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 - 锌褉芯 卸懈褌褌褟!
褟泻褖芯 薪械 胁芯褞胁邪胁, 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦褕 褕谢褟褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯谐芯, 邪谢械 褟 胁锌械胁薪械薪邪, 褖芯 胁邪褉褌芯 褉芯斜懈褌懈 褖芯褋褜 写谢褟 褌芯谐芯, 褖芯斜 薪邪斜谢懈卸邪褌懈褋褜 写芯 褏芯褔邪 斜 屑褨薪褨屑邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褍褟胁谢械薪薪褟. 写褍卸械-写褍卸械 褉邪写卸褍!
褟泻褖芯 薪械 胁芯褞胁邪胁, 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦褕 褕谢褟褏 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯谐芯, 邪谢械 褟 胁锌械胁薪械薪邪, 褖芯 胁邪褉褌芯 褉芯斜懈褌懈 褖芯褋褜 写谢褟 褌芯谐芯, 褖芯斜 薪邪斜谢懈卸邪褌懈褋褜 写芯 褏芯褔邪 斜 屑褨薪褨屑邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褍褟胁谢械薪薪褟. 写褍卸械-写褍卸械 褉邪写卸褍!
August 18, 2023
褋懈谢褜薪芯, 褔械褋薪芯 泄 斜械蟹 写械褕械胁芯谐芯 薪邪写褉懈胁褍. 褦 胁 褍褋褜芯屑褍 褑褜芯屑褍 褟泻邪褋褜 褋褌褉懈屑邪薪邪, 褌邪屑芯胁邪薪邪 褋懈谢邪. 褔械褏 鈥� 褨 褑懈屑 胁褋械 褋泻邪蟹邪薪芯.
写褍卸械 褑褨薪薪褨 泄 褑褨谢褨褋薪褨 褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟.
邪 褖械 褑械 褌芯泄 胁懈锌邪写芯泻, 泻芯谢懈 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 谢褟泻邪褦 泄 胁邪卸懈褌褜 薪械褋泻邪蟹邪薪械. 褍 褑懈褏 械褋械褟褏 薪械屑邪褦 斜芯褩胁 褨 褋屑械褉褌械泄. 屑邪泄卸械 薪械屑邪褦. 胁芯薪懈 胁懈褉懈薪邪褞褌褜 褍 褉芯蟹屑芯胁褨 锌芯斜褨卸薪芯, 邪谢械 薪械 褟泻 锌芯谐芯写邪 褔懈 褌邪屑 褉邪薪写芯屑薪懈泄 褎邪泻褌 褨蟹 写懈褌懈薪褋褌胁邪. 邪 褟泻 褖芯褋褜, 锌褉芯 褖芯 蟹邪泄胁懈泄 褉邪蟹 泻褉邪褖械 薪械 蟹谐邪写褍胁邪褌懈 泄 薪械 芯蟹胁褍褔褍胁邪褌懈 斜械蟹 锌芯褌褉械斜懈, 褟泻 褖芯褋褜 褋胁褟褖械薪薪械 泄 锌褉芯泻谢褟褌械 胁芯写薪芯褔邪褋.
写褍卸械 褑褨薪薪褨 泄 褑褨谢褨褋薪褨 褋锌芯褋褌械褉械卸械薪薪褟.
邪 褖械 褑械 褌芯泄 胁懈锌邪写芯泻, 泻芯谢懈 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 谢褟泻邪褦 泄 胁邪卸懈褌褜 薪械褋泻邪蟹邪薪械. 褍 褑懈褏 械褋械褟褏 薪械屑邪褦 斜芯褩胁 褨 褋屑械褉褌械泄. 屑邪泄卸械 薪械屑邪褦. 胁芯薪懈 胁懈褉懈薪邪褞褌褜 褍 褉芯蟹屑芯胁褨 锌芯斜褨卸薪芯, 邪谢械 薪械 褟泻 锌芯谐芯写邪 褔懈 褌邪屑 褉邪薪写芯屑薪懈泄 褎邪泻褌 褨蟹 写懈褌懈薪褋褌胁邪. 邪 褟泻 褖芯褋褜, 锌褉芯 褖芯 蟹邪泄胁懈泄 褉邪蟹 泻褉邪褖械 薪械 蟹谐邪写褍胁邪褌懈 泄 薪械 芯蟹胁褍褔褍胁邪褌懈 斜械蟹 锌芯褌褉械斜懈, 褟泻 褖芯褋褜 褋胁褟褖械薪薪械 泄 锌褉芯泻谢褟褌械 胁芯写薪芯褔邪褋.
August 26, 2023
写褍卸械 薪械蟹褉褍褔薪械 胁褨写褔褍褌褌褟 蟹邪褌懈褕泻褍, 泻芯谢懈 褔懈褌邪褦褕 泻薪懈卸泻褍 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 胁 褋胁芯褩泄 泻褉邪褩薪褨
May 13, 2020
Jak wygl膮da wojna w 2020 roku? I do tego taka wojna, kt贸ra toczy si臋 ledwie kilkaset kilometr贸w od nas? Czy to starcie wra偶ych pot臋g, czy chlanie w ziemiankach? Okazja do bohaterskiej i patriotycznej postawy, a mo偶e szansa na zarobienie ca艂kiem s艂usznych pieni臋dzy i przele偶enie w szpitalu najwi臋kszej zawieruchy? Co艣 absurdalnego, a mo偶e ca艂kiem na serio?
Artem Czech pokazuje, 偶e wojna jest tym wszystkim, a ka偶dy jej obraz jest tym w艂a艣ciwym. Bo wojna jest opowie艣ci膮, od tego jak j膮 skonstruuje pisarz b臋dzie zale偶a艂o to, jak b臋dziemy j膮 widzie膰. 鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� jest autoreportersk膮, mocno eseistyczn膮, chwilami powie艣ciow膮 opowie艣ci膮 o wojnie. Opowie艣ci膮 kubistyczn膮, wielowymiarow膮, a do tego napisan膮 oszcz臋dnym ale pi臋knym j臋zykiem i cho膰 poj臋cia nie mam o ukrai艅skim, to mam wra偶enie, 偶e Marek S. Zadura prze艂o偶y艂 j膮 w spos贸b mistrzowski.
鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� znalaz艂 si臋 w finale Nagrody im. Kapu艣ci艅skiego za reporta偶 literacki, tak偶e w Ukrainie zosta艂 nagrodzony w tej kategorii genologicznej, ale to dalej nie powoduje, 偶e jako pewnik powinni艣my przyjmowa膰, 偶e mamy do czynienia z reporta偶em. Artem Czech prowadzi narracj臋 autobiograficzn膮 i jest ona kluczowa w ca艂ej opowie艣ci - mowa jest o trzydziestoletnim dziennikarzu i pisarzu wcielonym do ukrai艅skiej armii, przeszkolonym i wys艂anym do Donbasu. Zatem autobiografia. To, 偶e bohater opisuje towarzyszy wojaczki nie dziwi - na wojnie co艣 opisywa膰 trzeba, o reportersko艣ci tej ksi膮偶ki 艣wiadczy jednak szersza perspektywa, kt贸r膮 pr贸buje Czech pokaza膰. I cho膰 nie dowiecie si臋 z tej ksi膮偶ki wiele o samej historii konfliktu we wschodniej Ukrainie, to poznacie mechanizmy, kt贸re stoj膮 za losem poszczeg贸lnych os贸b, cho膰 - tu znowu wchodzi autobiograficzno艣膰 tej ksi膮偶ki - tylko po stronie ukrai艅skiej. Czech zdaje si臋 nie pisa膰 tego, czego nie widzia艂. Z ma艂ymi wyj膮tkami.
Jest Czech wspaniale ironiczny - tak wobec wojny widzianej jako pr臋偶enie musku艂贸w, ale te偶 wobec kijowskich hipster贸w, kt贸rzy nie maj膮 poj臋cia o tym, co prze偶ywaj膮 ch艂opcy z frontu. Czech nikogo tu nie gani - na wojnie potrzebne s膮 musku艂y i 鈥渕臋stwo鈥�, a hipsterzy maj膮 prawo by膰 hipsterami i pi膰 sojowe late w spokoju. Gdy wraca na dwa tygodnie przepustki do Kijowa pocz膮tkowo nie mo偶e si臋 prze艂ama膰 i widzi wszystko z perspektywy 鈥渃h艂opca z wojny鈥�, ale ju偶 po tygodniu rozwa偶a, czy jednak nie p贸j艣膰 do modnej knajpy w wyczyszczonych sneakersach. Walka o ojczyzn臋 trwa, ale czy ludzie nie maj膮 prawa do swojego 偶ycia? Czyja jest ta wojna i dla kogo ona jest, pyta co jaki艣 autor. Dziwna jest to wojna, bo cho膰 w jakim艣 stopniu destabilizuje ca艂y kraj, to jednak wi臋kszo艣膰 mieszka艅c贸w Ukrainy 偶yje jakby jej nie by艂o, zdaje si臋 偶e przywykli do jej dziwno艣ci i przestali si臋 ni膮 zajmowa膰. Podobnie jak zapomnieli o Majdanie, do kt贸rego wielokrotnie powraca w tym reporta偶u Artem Czech z jednej strony wy艣miewaj膮c mieszcza艅sko-hipstersk膮 legend膮, kt贸r膮 zbudowano wok贸艂 wydarze艅 鈥減omara艅czowej rewolucji鈥�, z drugiej doceniaj膮c wag臋 tego wydarzenia, zw艂aszcza dla prywatnych biografii wielu 鈥渨eteran贸w Majdanu鈥�.
Ciekawie zmienia si臋 opowie艣膰 Czecha - pocz膮tkowo detaliczna, pe艂na wydarze艅, krytyki prze艂o偶onych, zwracania uwagi na niedostatki zaopatrzenia czy wojenne absurdy, z kolejnymi miesi膮cami przechodzi w metaopowie艣膰 o ludzkiej psychice. Wojna zmienia pisarza i jego opowie艣膰 - jej podstawow膮 cech膮 poza strachem jest nuda, niezmienno艣膰, powtarzalno艣膰, przechodzenie dnia w noc, w pewnym momencie tylko zmiany p贸r roku zdaj膮 si臋 wyznacza膰 chronologi臋 鈥淧unktu zerowego鈥�. I odliczanie do opuszczenia armii. W艂a艣nie w tych sposobach opowiadania o wojnie, kombinowaniu z literacko艣ci膮 tkwi si艂a tekstu Artema Czech - nie ma tu zadowalania si臋 samym opisem, spostrze偶eniami, czy nawet dowcipem, a jest pr贸ba pisania powie艣ci, prze艂amywania formy reporterskiej czy autobiograficznej pisaniem typowym dla powie艣ci przygodowej czy psychologicznej. Czech w jaki艣 spos贸b pokazuje, 偶e klasyczny reporta偶 nie nadaje si臋 do opowiedzenia kubistyczno艣ci wojennej rzeczywisto艣ci.
Jestem t膮 ksi膮偶k膮 zachwycony, brakiem oskar偶e艅, pr贸b膮 zrozumienia zachowania wsp贸艂towarzyszy wojaczki (a wielu z nich by艣my wsadzili najch臋tniej do izby wytrze藕wie艅 lub wi臋zienia patrz膮c z bezpiecznej perspektywy czytelnika), prywatn膮 wiwisekcj膮 zrobion膮 z humorem i gracj膮, ale te偶 g艂臋bi膮 i uwa偶no艣ci膮. I to wszystko jest opowiedziane w skromnej rozmiarami ksi膮偶ce, gdzie wiele element贸w, o kt贸rych tu nie wspomnia艂em nadaje si臋 do analizy, gdzie uwa偶ne przygl膮danie si臋 przemianie bohatera jest wsp贸ln膮 prac膮 nad zrozumieniem istoty samej wojny i wsp贸lnego szukania odpowiedzi na zadawane przez Czecha pytania. Lubi臋 takie ksi膮偶ki, w kt贸rych autor zmusza mnie do pracy z tekstem i moimi wyobra偶eniami. A 鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� do takich rozwa偶a艅 zmusza. I ju偶 to 艣wiadczy o jego wielko艣ci.
Bardzo Pa艅stwu polecam, bardzo!
Artem Czech pokazuje, 偶e wojna jest tym wszystkim, a ka偶dy jej obraz jest tym w艂a艣ciwym. Bo wojna jest opowie艣ci膮, od tego jak j膮 skonstruuje pisarz b臋dzie zale偶a艂o to, jak b臋dziemy j膮 widzie膰. 鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� jest autoreportersk膮, mocno eseistyczn膮, chwilami powie艣ciow膮 opowie艣ci膮 o wojnie. Opowie艣ci膮 kubistyczn膮, wielowymiarow膮, a do tego napisan膮 oszcz臋dnym ale pi臋knym j臋zykiem i cho膰 poj臋cia nie mam o ukrai艅skim, to mam wra偶enie, 偶e Marek S. Zadura prze艂o偶y艂 j膮 w spos贸b mistrzowski.
鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� znalaz艂 si臋 w finale Nagrody im. Kapu艣ci艅skiego za reporta偶 literacki, tak偶e w Ukrainie zosta艂 nagrodzony w tej kategorii genologicznej, ale to dalej nie powoduje, 偶e jako pewnik powinni艣my przyjmowa膰, 偶e mamy do czynienia z reporta偶em. Artem Czech prowadzi narracj臋 autobiograficzn膮 i jest ona kluczowa w ca艂ej opowie艣ci - mowa jest o trzydziestoletnim dziennikarzu i pisarzu wcielonym do ukrai艅skiej armii, przeszkolonym i wys艂anym do Donbasu. Zatem autobiografia. To, 偶e bohater opisuje towarzyszy wojaczki nie dziwi - na wojnie co艣 opisywa膰 trzeba, o reportersko艣ci tej ksi膮偶ki 艣wiadczy jednak szersza perspektywa, kt贸r膮 pr贸buje Czech pokaza膰. I cho膰 nie dowiecie si臋 z tej ksi膮偶ki wiele o samej historii konfliktu we wschodniej Ukrainie, to poznacie mechanizmy, kt贸re stoj膮 za losem poszczeg贸lnych os贸b, cho膰 - tu znowu wchodzi autobiograficzno艣膰 tej ksi膮偶ki - tylko po stronie ukrai艅skiej. Czech zdaje si臋 nie pisa膰 tego, czego nie widzia艂. Z ma艂ymi wyj膮tkami.
Jest Czech wspaniale ironiczny - tak wobec wojny widzianej jako pr臋偶enie musku艂贸w, ale te偶 wobec kijowskich hipster贸w, kt贸rzy nie maj膮 poj臋cia o tym, co prze偶ywaj膮 ch艂opcy z frontu. Czech nikogo tu nie gani - na wojnie potrzebne s膮 musku艂y i 鈥渕臋stwo鈥�, a hipsterzy maj膮 prawo by膰 hipsterami i pi膰 sojowe late w spokoju. Gdy wraca na dwa tygodnie przepustki do Kijowa pocz膮tkowo nie mo偶e si臋 prze艂ama膰 i widzi wszystko z perspektywy 鈥渃h艂opca z wojny鈥�, ale ju偶 po tygodniu rozwa偶a, czy jednak nie p贸j艣膰 do modnej knajpy w wyczyszczonych sneakersach. Walka o ojczyzn臋 trwa, ale czy ludzie nie maj膮 prawa do swojego 偶ycia? Czyja jest ta wojna i dla kogo ona jest, pyta co jaki艣 autor. Dziwna jest to wojna, bo cho膰 w jakim艣 stopniu destabilizuje ca艂y kraj, to jednak wi臋kszo艣膰 mieszka艅c贸w Ukrainy 偶yje jakby jej nie by艂o, zdaje si臋 偶e przywykli do jej dziwno艣ci i przestali si臋 ni膮 zajmowa膰. Podobnie jak zapomnieli o Majdanie, do kt贸rego wielokrotnie powraca w tym reporta偶u Artem Czech z jednej strony wy艣miewaj膮c mieszcza艅sko-hipstersk膮 legend膮, kt贸r膮 zbudowano wok贸艂 wydarze艅 鈥減omara艅czowej rewolucji鈥�, z drugiej doceniaj膮c wag臋 tego wydarzenia, zw艂aszcza dla prywatnych biografii wielu 鈥渨eteran贸w Majdanu鈥�.
Ciekawie zmienia si臋 opowie艣膰 Czecha - pocz膮tkowo detaliczna, pe艂na wydarze艅, krytyki prze艂o偶onych, zwracania uwagi na niedostatki zaopatrzenia czy wojenne absurdy, z kolejnymi miesi膮cami przechodzi w metaopowie艣膰 o ludzkiej psychice. Wojna zmienia pisarza i jego opowie艣膰 - jej podstawow膮 cech膮 poza strachem jest nuda, niezmienno艣膰, powtarzalno艣膰, przechodzenie dnia w noc, w pewnym momencie tylko zmiany p贸r roku zdaj膮 si臋 wyznacza膰 chronologi臋 鈥淧unktu zerowego鈥�. I odliczanie do opuszczenia armii. W艂a艣nie w tych sposobach opowiadania o wojnie, kombinowaniu z literacko艣ci膮 tkwi si艂a tekstu Artema Czech - nie ma tu zadowalania si臋 samym opisem, spostrze偶eniami, czy nawet dowcipem, a jest pr贸ba pisania powie艣ci, prze艂amywania formy reporterskiej czy autobiograficznej pisaniem typowym dla powie艣ci przygodowej czy psychologicznej. Czech w jaki艣 spos贸b pokazuje, 偶e klasyczny reporta偶 nie nadaje si臋 do opowiedzenia kubistyczno艣ci wojennej rzeczywisto艣ci.
Jestem t膮 ksi膮偶k膮 zachwycony, brakiem oskar偶e艅, pr贸b膮 zrozumienia zachowania wsp贸艂towarzyszy wojaczki (a wielu z nich by艣my wsadzili najch臋tniej do izby wytrze藕wie艅 lub wi臋zienia patrz膮c z bezpiecznej perspektywy czytelnika), prywatn膮 wiwisekcj膮 zrobion膮 z humorem i gracj膮, ale te偶 g艂臋bi膮 i uwa偶no艣ci膮. I to wszystko jest opowiedziane w skromnej rozmiarami ksi膮偶ce, gdzie wiele element贸w, o kt贸rych tu nie wspomnia艂em nadaje si臋 do analizy, gdzie uwa偶ne przygl膮danie si臋 przemianie bohatera jest wsp贸ln膮 prac膮 nad zrozumieniem istoty samej wojny i wsp贸lnego szukania odpowiedzi na zadawane przez Czecha pytania. Lubi臋 takie ksi膮偶ki, w kt贸rych autor zmusza mnie do pracy z tekstem i moimi wyobra偶eniami. A 鈥淧unkt zerowy鈥� do takich rozwa偶a艅 zmusza. I ju偶 to 艣wiadczy o jego wielko艣ci.
Bardzo Pa艅stwu polecam, bardzo!
October 2, 2017
袛谢褟 泻芯卸薪芯褩 泻薪懈卸泻懈 鈥� 褋胁褨泄 褔邪褋. 小邪屑械 胁褨薪 褔邪褋褌芯 胁懈蟹薪邪褔邪褦, 褔懈 蟹薪邪泄写械 泻薪懈卸泻邪 褋胁芯谐芯 褔懈褌邪褔邪. 袙 褑褜芯屑褍 胁懈锌邪写泻褍 邪胁褌芯褉 锌褉邪胁懈谢褜薪芯 锌褨写谐邪写邪胁 褔邪褋: 薪械 褌芯写褨, 泻芯谢懈 胁 FB 谢褞写懈 谢邪写薪褨 斜褍谢懈 芯写薪械 芯写薪芯屑褍 谐芯褉谢褟薪泻懈 锌械褉械谐褉懈蟹邪褌懈 褍 蟹褉邪写芯-锌械褉械屑芯卸薪芯屑褍 锌褉芯褌懈褋褌芯褟薪薪褨, 薪械 褌芯写褨, 泻芯谢懈 锌褉邪胁写邪 褨 谢芯谐褨泻邪 芯褔械胁懈写褑褟 薪械 屑芯谐谢懈 锌褉懈斜懈褌懈 褏芯谢芯写薪械 芦褌懈 鈥� 斜芯褌/褌褉芯谢褜禄 褨 邪胁卸械卸 薪械 褌芯写褨, 泻芯谢懈 褋邪屑, 褌褨谢褜泻懈 锌芯胁械褉薪褍胁褕懈褋褜 蟹 胁褨泄薪懈, 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褕, 褟泻 褌胁褨泄 锌邪褌褉褨芯褌懈蟹屑 薪邪泻褉懈谢芯 褋褨褉芯褞 斜械褌芯薪薪芯褞 褋褌褨薪芯褞.
袙 褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌褨 胁卸械 褍 2017 褉芯褑褨 褌褉懈屑邪褦褕 褍 褉褍泻邪褏 泻薪懈卸泻褍-褖芯写械薪薪懈泻 蟹褉褨谢芯褩 谢褞写懈薪懈, 褖芯 褔械褋薪芯 褨 胁懈胁邪卸械薪芯 写械屑芯薪褋褌褉褍褦 褨 胁褋褞 芦泻褍褏薪褞禄 胁褨泄薪懈, 褨 胁褋褞 写褍褕褍 谢褞写懈薪懈 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨.
袗 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨褩, 薪邪写褌芯 褋褍屑薪褨 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨褩, 褑械 屑芯褟 芯褋芯斜懈褋褌邪 芯褋褨薪褜鈥�
袙 褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌褨 胁卸械 褍 2017 褉芯褑褨 褌褉懈屑邪褦褕 褍 褉褍泻邪褏 泻薪懈卸泻褍-褖芯写械薪薪懈泻 蟹褉褨谢芯褩 谢褞写懈薪懈, 褖芯 褔械褋薪芯 褨 胁懈胁邪卸械薪芯 写械屑芯薪褋褌褉褍褦 褨 胁褋褞 芦泻褍褏薪褞禄 胁褨泄薪懈, 褨 胁褋褞 写褍褕褍 谢褞写懈薪懈 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨.
袗 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨褩, 薪邪写褌芯 褋褍屑薪褨 褉械褎谢械泻褋褨褩, 褑械 屑芯褟 芯褋芯斜懈褋褌邪 芯褋褨薪褜鈥�
March 18, 2024
芦小芯谢写邪褌邪屑 胁褨泄薪邪 薪械 褑褨泻邪胁邪, 褖械 屑械薪褕械 胁芯薪邪 褩屑 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪邪. 袗谢械 卸 泻芯屑褍褋褜 褑褟 胁褨泄薪邪 褑褨泻邪胁邪? 袗 谐芯谢芯胁薪械, 泻芯屑褍褋褜 胁芯薪邪 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪邪?禄
笑械 褌芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜. 袦械卸邪, 褟泻褨泄 锌械褉械写褍褦 斜械蟹谐谢褍蟹写邪 谢褍蟹谐邪 芯屑邪薪懈 泄 蟹邪 褟泻芯褞 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 写褍屑芯泻, 锌芯褔褍褌褌褨胁, 斜邪卸邪薪褜. 笑械 锌芯胁薪械 蟹锟斤拷薪褍褉械薪薪褟 胁 褋械斜械, 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌械泄 褨 屑懈褉褋褜泻芯谐芯 薪械锌芯褌褉械斜褍. 笑械 锌芯褋褌褉懈谐 褍 薪芯胁褍 褨褋褌芯褌褍, 褟泻芯褞 褟 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 褋褌邪胁 斜懈 蟹邪 褨薪褕懈褏 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪.
笑械 褌芯褔泻邪 薪褍谢褜. 袦械卸邪, 褟泻褨泄 锌械褉械写褍褦 斜械蟹谐谢褍蟹写邪 谢褍蟹谐邪 芯屑邪薪懈 泄 蟹邪 褟泻芯褞 锌芯褔懈薪邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 写褍屑芯泻, 锌芯褔褍褌褌褨胁, 斜邪卸邪薪褜. 笑械 锌芯胁薪械 蟹锟斤拷薪褍褉械薪薪褟 胁 褋械斜械, 蟹胁褨谢褜薪械薪薪褟 胁褨写 蟹邪谢械卸薪芯褋褌械泄 褨 屑懈褉褋褜泻芯谐芯 薪械锌芯褌褉械斜褍. 笑械 锌芯褋褌褉懈谐 褍 薪芯胁褍 褨褋褌芯褌褍, 褟泻芯褞 褟 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 褋褌邪胁 斜懈 蟹邪 褨薪褕懈褏 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪.
August 3, 2023
孝懈褕邪 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褋褌邪谢邪 写械褎褨褑懈褌芯屑 褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褌邪泻懈屑 褋芯斜褨 写械谢褨泻邪褌械褋芯屑. 袙卸懈胁邪褞 褩褩 谐芯屑械芯锌邪褌懈褔薪懈屑懈 写芯蟹邪屑懈, 褋屑邪泻褍褞褔懈 泻芯卸薪褍 褏胁懈谢懈薪褍, 褉芯蟹褋屑芯泻褌褍褞褔懈, 薪械屑芯胁 褕芯泻芯谢邪写 邪斜芯 锌邪褉屑械蟹邪薪.
胁褔芯褉邪 褉邪锌褌芯胁芯 蟹谐邪写邪谢邪, 褖芯 斜邪谐邪褌芯 褉芯泻褨胁 褌芯屑褍 蟹薪邪泄芯屑懈泄 蟹邪锌褉芯褋懈胁 屑械薪械 薪邪 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑褨褞 褑褨褦褩 泻薪懈谐懈 薪邪 褔械褉泻邪褋褜泻芯屑褍 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁芯屑褍 褎械褋褌懈胁邪谢褨. 褟 褌芯写褨 薪械 蟹薪邪谢邪 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 褏褌芯 褌邪泻懈泄 褌芯泄 效械褏, 邪谢械 蟹邪褋谢褍褏邪谢邪褋褟 泄芯谐芯 褉芯蟹锌芯胁褨写写褞 褨 锌褉芯薪懈泻谢邪褋褟. 胁褌褨屑, 泻薪懈谐褍 褔芯屑褍褋褜 薪械 泻褍锌懈谢邪, 褨 胁芯薪邪 锌芯褌褉邪锌懈谢邪 写芯 屑械薪械 胁卸械 锌褨褋谢褟 写胁芯褏 褨薪褕懈褏 褌胁芯褉褨胁 邪胁褌芯褉邪, 褍 锌械褉械胁懈写邪薪芯屑褍 褎芯褉屑邪褌褨 (褖芯, 泄屑芯胁褨褉薪芯, 薪邪 泻褉邪褖械, 斜芯 屑械薪褨 褑械 胁懈写邪薪薪褟 斜褨谢褜褕械 锌芯写芯斜邪褦褌褜褋褟).
屑械薪褨 胁 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌褨 写褍卸械 褨屑锌芯薪褍褦, 褟泻 锌邪薪 袗褉褌械屑 斜邪褔懈褌褜 褋胁褨褌 褨 胁屑褨褦 泄芯谐芯 褎褨泻褋褍胁邪褌懈. 锌芯写芯斜邪褦褌褜褋褟, 褖芯 胁褨薪 锌芯泻邪蟹褍褦 胁褨泄薪褍 褔械褉械蟹 谢褞写械泄, 邪 薪械 谢褞写械泄 褔械褉械蟹 胁褨泄薪褍. 薪械蟹胁邪卸邪褞褔懈 薪邪 褌械屑褍 褨 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪懈, 胁 褟泻懈褏 锌懈褋邪谢邪褋褟 褑褟 蟹斜褨褉泻邪, 胁芯薪邪 谢械谐泻芯 褔懈褌邪褦褌褜褋褟, 薪械 胁懈泻谢懈泻邪褦 斜邪卸邪薪薪褟 锌褨褌懈 写懈褏邪褌懈 锌芯胁褨褌褉褟褔泻芯屑, 邪 褨薪芯写褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褌褉芯褏懈 褋屑褨褕懈褌褜. 斜械蟹褑褨薪薪械 泻芯屑斜芯, 褟泻 薪邪 屑械薪械 馃А
胁褔芯褉邪 褉邪锌褌芯胁芯 蟹谐邪写邪谢邪, 褖芯 斜邪谐邪褌芯 褉芯泻褨胁 褌芯屑褍 蟹薪邪泄芯屑懈泄 蟹邪锌褉芯褋懈胁 屑械薪械 薪邪 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑褨褞 褑褨褦褩 泻薪懈谐懈 薪邪 褔械褉泻邪褋褜泻芯屑褍 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁芯屑褍 褎械褋褌懈胁邪谢褨. 褟 褌芯写褨 薪械 蟹薪邪谢邪 胁蟹邪谐邪谢褨 褏褌芯 褌邪泻懈泄 褌芯泄 效械褏, 邪谢械 蟹邪褋谢褍褏邪谢邪褋褟 泄芯谐芯 褉芯蟹锌芯胁褨写写褞 褨 锌褉芯薪懈泻谢邪褋褟. 胁褌褨屑, 泻薪懈谐褍 褔芯屑褍褋褜 薪械 泻褍锌懈谢邪, 褨 胁芯薪邪 锌芯褌褉邪锌懈谢邪 写芯 屑械薪械 胁卸械 锌褨褋谢褟 写胁芯褏 褨薪褕懈褏 褌胁芯褉褨胁 邪胁褌芯褉邪, 褍 锌械褉械胁懈写邪薪芯屑褍 褎芯褉屑邪褌褨 (褖芯, 泄屑芯胁褨褉薪芯, 薪邪 泻褉邪褖械, 斜芯 屑械薪褨 褑械 胁懈写邪薪薪褟 斜褨谢褜褕械 锌芯写芯斜邪褦褌褜褋褟).
屑械薪褨 胁 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌褨 写褍卸械 褨屑锌芯薪褍褦, 褟泻 锌邪薪 袗褉褌械屑 斜邪褔懈褌褜 褋胁褨褌 褨 胁屑褨褦 泄芯谐芯 褎褨泻褋褍胁邪褌懈. 锌芯写芯斜邪褦褌褜褋褟, 褖芯 胁褨薪 锌芯泻邪蟹褍褦 胁褨泄薪褍 褔械褉械蟹 谢褞写械泄, 邪 薪械 谢褞写械泄 褔械褉械蟹 胁褨泄薪褍. 薪械蟹胁邪卸邪褞褔懈 薪邪 褌械屑褍 褨 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪懈, 胁 褟泻懈褏 锌懈褋邪谢邪褋褟 褑褟 蟹斜褨褉泻邪, 胁芯薪邪 谢械谐泻芯 褔懈褌邪褦褌褜褋褟, 薪械 胁懈泻谢懈泻邪褦 斜邪卸邪薪薪褟 锌褨褌懈 写懈褏邪褌懈 锌芯胁褨褌褉褟褔泻芯屑, 邪 褨薪芯写褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褌褉芯褏懈 褋屑褨褕懈褌褜. 斜械蟹褑褨薪薪械 泻芯屑斜芯, 褟泻 薪邪 屑械薪械 馃А
July 3, 2023
写谢褟 屑械薪械 褑械 泻薪懈卸泻邪 褉芯蟹泄芯斜. 泻褍锌褍泄褌械, 褔懈褌邪泄褌械.
May 28, 2017
袙褨写胁械褉褌邪 褉芯蟹锌芯胁褨写褜 锌褉芯 袗孝袨 胁褨写 锌械褉褕芯褩 芯褋芯斜懈. 孝褍褌 薪械屑邪 薪褨褔芯谐芯 泻邪褌械谐芯褉懈褔薪芯谐芯, 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁褨 斜褍写薪褨 锌芯泻邪蟹邪薪褨 胁 褍褋褨泄 褋泻谢邪写薪芯褋褌褨, 斜械蟹 锌邪褎芯褋褍, 斜械蟹 泻邪褌械谐芯褉懈褔薪懈褏 褌胁械褉写卸械薪褜, 蟹邪褌械 蟹 褖懈褉褨褋褌褞 褨 褔械褋薪褨褋褌褞. 孝械, 褖芯 泻薪懈卸泻邪 屑邪褦 褎芯褉屑邪褌 械褋械褩胁, 褔懈 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褖芯写械薪薪懈泻芯胁懈褏 蟹邪锌懈褋褨胁 蟹邪 芯泻褉械屑芯褞 褌械屑芯褞, 褉芯斜懈褌褜 褔懈褌邪薪薪褟 锌褉芯 褌邪泻懈泄 薪械谢械谐泻懈泄 写芯褋胁褨写 谢械谐褕懈屑, 邪 褌邪泻芯卸 胁写褍屑谢懈胁褨褕懈屑.
June 10, 2017
袩褉械泻褉邪褋薪邪 泻薪懈卸泻邪. 些懈褉邪, 薪褨卸薪邪, 斜械蟹 锌褉懈泻褉邪褋 褨 斜械蟹 薪邪写屑褨褉薪芯谐芯 写褉邪屑邪褌懈蟹屑褍. 袗 褖械 - 写褍卸械 谢褞写褟薪邪 褨 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌邪谢邪薪芯胁懈褌邪. 袟邪褏芯褌褨谢芯褋褟 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褖械 褖芯褋褜 邪胁褌芯褉褋褌胁邪 袗褉褌械屑邪 效械褏邪 (写芯褋褨 薪械 褔懈褌邪谢邪).
June 8, 2023
笑褞 泻薪懈谐褍 褌褉械斜邪 写芯 褕泻褨谢褜薪芯褩 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑懈. 校 2023 薪邪斜褍谢邪 褖械 斜褨谢褜褕芯褩 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪芯褋褌褨.
May 7, 2024
笑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 鈥� 芯写薪邪 蟹 薪邪泄胁邪卸谢懈胁褨褕懈褏 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪懈褏 褑褜芯谐芯褉褨褔. 小锌芯泄谢械褉懈褌懈 薪械 斜褍写褍, 邪谢械 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褉邪写卸褍 泻芯卸薪芯屑褍 褍泻褉邪褩薪褑褞. 袙芯薪邪 胁卸械 屑邪褋褌褏械胁
November 12, 2022
携 薪械 褌械 褖芯斜 斜邪谐邪褌芯 褔懈褌邪胁 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯褩 谢褨褌械褉邪褌褍褉懈, 斜褍谢邪 袚褉褟蟹褜 胁褨写 小邪泄谐芯薪邪 褌邪 袩褨褏芯褌邪 胁褨写 袦邪褉褌褨薪邪 袘褉械褋褌邪. 袗谢械 胁芯薪懈 褋邪屑械 褋芯谢写邪褌懈-锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻懈, 效械褏 - 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻, 褖芯 褋褌邪胁 褋芯谢写邪褌芯屑. 袉 褟泻褖芯 褍 小邪泄谐芯薪邪 褌邪 袦邪褉褌褨薪邪 蟹邪褔邪褋褌褍 邪泻褑械薪褌 薪邪 械屑芯褑褨褩, 邪 褌械泻褋褌 斜芯谢褟褔械 "斜'褦 胁 泻褨褋褌泻褍" 褌芯 褋褌懈谢褜 效械褏邪 褌褉邪写懈褑褨泄薪芯 斜褨谢褜褕 屑械谢邪薪褏芯谢褨泄薪懈泄 褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褎谢械谐屑邪褌懈褔薪懈泄.
袗褉褌械屑 屑邪泄卸械 薪械 褋褌邪胁懈褌褜 蟹邪锌懈褌邪薪褜 写芯 褔懈褌邪褔邪, 薪械 胁懈屑邪谐邪褦 胁褨写 薪褜芯谐芯 褋锌褨胁锌械褉械卸懈胁邪薪褜 褔懈 械屑芯褑褨泄薪芯褩 胁褨写写邪褔褨, 胁褨薪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌褉邪薪褋谢褞褦 褋胁芯褩 写褍屑泻懈 褋褌芯褋芯胁薪芯 褔芯谐芯褋褜. 袛谢褟 薪褜芯谐芯 薪械胁邪卸谢懈胁芯 泄写械褌褜褋褟 锌褉芯 锌芯胁褨泄, 胁械谢懈泻芯写薪褨 锌邪褋泻懈 褔懈 褍谢褞斜谢械薪褨 泻褉芯褋褨胁泻懈.
校 蟹斜褨褉褑褨 屑邪泄卸械 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨 写褨邪谢芯谐懈, 写械褟泻褨 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟 屑芯谐谢懈 斜 斜褍褌懈 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褉械锌芯褉褌邪卸懈褋褌懈泻芯褞, 邪谢械 写褍屑泻懈 胁懈泻谢邪写械薪褨 褍 胁懈谐谢褟写褨 褌械泻褋褌褍 褨 褦 袗褉褌械屑 效械褏, 褩褏 薪械 屑芯卸薪邪 褉芯蟹写褨谢懈褌懈. 袟斜褨褉泻邪 褕胁懈写褕械 褋褏芯卸邪 薪邪 褖芯写械薪薪懈泻, 泻褍写懈 邪胁褌芯褉 蟹邪锌懈褋褍褦 屑邪泄卸械 胁褋械, 褖芯 褋褌芯褋褍褦褌褜褋褟 泄芯谐芯 斜褍褌褌褟 褌邪 锌芯斜褍褌褍 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻褍. 孝邪泻懈泄 褋芯斜褨 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈泄 褨薪褋褌邪谐褉邪屑 蟹 屑褨胁褨薪芯褞, 泻褨谢褜泻芯褞 胁 褌芯屑邪褌褨, 泻褉芯泻褋邪屑懈 褨 谐褨胁薪褟薪芯褞 锌芯谐芯写芯褞 (锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯).
袙 褋胁芯褩褏 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟褏 效械褏 锌懈褕械 薪械 谢懈褕械 锌褉芯 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏, 薪邪胁褨褌褜 薪邪胁锌邪泻懈, 胁褨薪 薪械 胁褨写写褨谢褟褦 褩褏 胁褨写 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁邪, 斜邪 斜褨谢褜褕械 褌芯谐芯 胁褨薪 锌懈褕械 薪械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 薪邪 小褏芯写褨, 邪 锌褉芯 泻褉邪褩薪褍 锌褨写 褔邪褋 胁褨泄薪懈.
袩芯蟹邪 褌懈屑, 芯泻褉褨屑 屑械谢邪薪褏芯谢褨褩褩, 褟泻邪 褌邪泻 写芯斜褉械 谢褟谐邪褦 胁 薪懈薪褨褕薪褨泄 谢懈褋褌芯锌邪写芯胁懈泄 薪邪褋褌褉褨泄, 锌芯写械泻褍写懈 胁 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟褏 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 斜褨谢褜, 蟹薪械胁褨褉邪, 褉芯蟹褔邪褉褍胁邪薪薪褟, 褟泻褨 屑邪斜褍褌褜 薪械 芯屑懈薪褍谢懈 卸芯写薪芯谐芯 褋芯谢写邪褌邪, 褟泻懈泄 锌芯斜褍胁邪胁 胁 邪褉屑褨褩 褌邪 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨. 笑褨 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟, 褟泻 谢邪泻屑褍褋芯胁褨 屑邪褉泻械褉懈, 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 泻芯谢懈 邪胁褌芯褉褍 斜褍谢芯 芯褋芯斜谢懈胁芯 褏褍泄芯胁芯.
孝邪 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 屑械薪褨 谢褞斜邪 褌懈屑, 褖芯 蟹 薪械褞 胁褋械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褨 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨谢芯, 薪械 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 锌褉懈泻懈写邪褌懈褋褟 褨 褖芯褋褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌懈. 袦芯卸薪邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪胁褕懈 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟, 锌褉芯屑芯胁褔邪褌懈 褨 蟹邪斜褍褌懈 锌褉芯 蟹斜褨褉泻褍 薪邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 褌懈卸薪褨胁, 邪 锌芯褌褨屑 胁蟹褟褌懈 褩褩 蟹 泻芯屑芯写褍, 写械 胁芯薪邪 谢械卸邪谢邪 锌褨写 褕邪锌泻邪屑懈 褌邪 褋褌邪褉懈屑懈 褔械泻邪屑懈 蟹 褋褍锌械褉屑邪褉泻械褌褍 褨 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褩褩 写芯 泻褨薪褑褟 蟹邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 谐芯写懈薪. 袩芯褌褨屑 锌褉芯褉械褎谢械泻褋褍胁邪褌懈 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪械 褌邪 胁褉械褕褌褨 蟹斜邪谐薪褍褌懈, 褖芯 褑褞 蟹斜褨褉泻褍 泻芯褉芯褌泻芯褩 锌褉芯蟹懈, 薪邪锌懈褋邪胁 蟹斜褨褋邪 褌邪谢邪薪芯胁懈褌懈泄 褏谢芯锌.
袗褉褌械屑 屑邪泄卸械 薪械 褋褌邪胁懈褌褜 蟹邪锌懈褌邪薪褜 写芯 褔懈褌邪褔邪, 薪械 胁懈屑邪谐邪褦 胁褨写 薪褜芯谐芯 褋锌褨胁锌械褉械卸懈胁邪薪褜 褔懈 械屑芯褑褨泄薪芯褩 胁褨写写邪褔褨, 胁褨薪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌褉邪薪褋谢褞褦 褋胁芯褩 写褍屑泻懈 褋褌芯褋芯胁薪芯 褔芯谐芯褋褜. 袛谢褟 薪褜芯谐芯 薪械胁邪卸谢懈胁芯 泄写械褌褜褋褟 锌褉芯 锌芯胁褨泄, 胁械谢懈泻芯写薪褨 锌邪褋泻懈 褔懈 褍谢褞斜谢械薪褨 泻褉芯褋褨胁泻懈.
校 蟹斜褨褉褑褨 屑邪泄卸械 胁褨写褋褍褌薪褨 写褨邪谢芯谐懈, 写械褟泻褨 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟 屑芯谐谢懈 斜 斜褍褌懈 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褉械锌芯褉褌邪卸懈褋褌懈泻芯褞, 邪谢械 写褍屑泻懈 胁懈泻谢邪写械薪褨 褍 胁懈谐谢褟写褨 褌械泻褋褌褍 褨 褦 袗褉褌械屑 效械褏, 褩褏 薪械 屑芯卸薪邪 褉芯蟹写褨谢懈褌懈. 袟斜褨褉泻邪 褕胁懈写褕械 褋褏芯卸邪 薪邪 褖芯写械薪薪懈泻, 泻褍写懈 邪胁褌芯褉 蟹邪锌懈褋褍褦 屑邪泄卸械 胁褋械, 褖芯 褋褌芯褋褍褦褌褜褋褟 泄芯谐芯 斜褍褌褌褟 褌邪 锌芯斜褍褌褍 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻褍. 孝邪泻懈泄 褋芯斜褨 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈泄 褨薪褋褌邪谐褉邪屑 蟹 屑褨胁褨薪芯褞, 泻褨谢褜泻芯褞 胁 褌芯屑邪褌褨, 泻褉芯泻褋邪屑懈 褨 谐褨胁薪褟薪芯褞 锌芯谐芯写芯褞 (锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯).
袙 褋胁芯褩褏 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟褏 效械褏 锌懈褕械 薪械 谢懈褕械 锌褉芯 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁懈褏, 薪邪胁褨褌褜 薪邪胁锌邪泻懈, 胁褨薪 薪械 胁褨写写褨谢褟褦 褩褏 胁褨写 褋褍褋锌褨谢褜褋褌胁邪, 斜邪 斜褨谢褜褕械 褌芯谐芯 胁褨薪 锌懈褕械 薪械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 薪邪 小褏芯写褨, 邪 锌褉芯 泻褉邪褩薪褍 锌褨写 褔邪褋 胁褨泄薪懈.
袩芯蟹邪 褌懈屑, 芯泻褉褨屑 屑械谢邪薪褏芯谢褨褩褩, 褟泻邪 褌邪泻 写芯斜褉械 谢褟谐邪褦 胁 薪懈薪褨褕薪褨泄 谢懈褋褌芯锌邪写芯胁懈泄 薪邪褋褌褉褨泄, 锌芯写械泻褍写懈 胁 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟褏 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 斜褨谢褜, 蟹薪械胁褨褉邪, 褉芯蟹褔邪褉褍胁邪薪薪褟, 褟泻褨 屑邪斜褍褌褜 薪械 芯屑懈薪褍谢懈 卸芯写薪芯谐芯 褋芯谢写邪褌邪, 褟泻懈泄 锌芯斜褍胁邪胁 胁 邪褉屑褨褩 褌邪 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨. 笑褨 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟, 褟泻 谢邪泻屑褍褋芯胁褨 屑邪褉泻械褉懈, 胁褨写褔褍胁邪褦褌褜褋褟 泻芯谢懈 邪胁褌芯褉褍 斜褍谢芯 芯褋芯斜谢懈胁芯 褏褍泄芯胁芯.
孝邪 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 屑械薪褨 谢褞斜邪 褌懈屑, 褖芯 蟹 薪械褞 胁褋械 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褨 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨谢芯, 薪械 锌芯褌褉褨斜薪芯 锌褉懈泻懈写邪褌懈褋褟 褨 褖芯褋褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌懈. 袦芯卸薪邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪胁褕懈 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪薪褟, 锌褉芯屑芯胁褔邪褌懈 褨 蟹邪斜褍褌懈 锌褉芯 蟹斜褨褉泻褍 薪邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 褌懈卸薪褨胁, 邪 锌芯褌褨屑 胁蟹褟褌懈 褩褩 蟹 泻芯屑芯写褍, 写械 胁芯薪邪 谢械卸邪谢邪 锌褨写 褕邪锌泻邪屑懈 褌邪 褋褌邪褉懈屑懈 褔械泻邪屑懈 蟹 褋褍锌械褉屑邪褉泻械褌褍 褨 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褩褩 写芯 泻褨薪褑褟 蟹邪 泻褨谢褜泻邪 谐芯写懈薪. 袩芯褌褨屑 锌褉芯褉械褎谢械泻褋褍胁邪褌懈 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪械 褌邪 胁褉械褕褌褨 蟹斜邪谐薪褍褌懈, 褖芯 褑褞 蟹斜褨褉泻褍 泻芯褉芯褌泻芯褩 锌褉芯蟹懈, 薪邪锌懈褋邪胁 蟹斜褨褋邪 褌邪谢邪薪芯胁懈褌懈泄 褏谢芯锌.
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August 8, 2023些懈褉芯, 褖械屑泻芯, 邪谢械 褌邪泻芯卸 薪邪锌褉芯褔褍写 芯斜械褉械卸薪芯.
笑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 褌褉械斜邪 褔懈褌邪褌懈 胁褋褨屑, 褖芯斜 锌芯蟹斜邪胁懈褌懈褋褟 褋褌械褉械芯褌懈锌褨胁 褌邪 褨谢褞蟹褨泄 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 胁芯薪芯 褌邪屑 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨 - 芯锌懈褋懈 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪芯 褖懈褉褨 褨 写械褌邪谢褜薪褨. 孝邪泻芯卸 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褑褨泻邪胁懈褏 褎芯泻褍褋褨胁, 薪邪锌褉懈泻谢邪写 械褋械褞 锌褉芯 邪斜褉懈泻芯褋懈, 邪斜芯 锌褉芯 泻芯褕械薪褟, 邪斜芯 锌褉芯 锌芯斜褉邪褌懈屑褨胁 - 胁褨写 褟泻懈褏 褖械屑泻芯. 袧邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 蟹写懈胁芯胁邪薪邪 (芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 芯褔褨泻褍胁邪谢邪 胁褨写 泻薪懈谐懈 蟹 褌邪泻芯褞 薪邪蟹胁芯褞) 褖芯 褌褍褌 胁褋械 褌邪泻 褌邪泻褌芯胁薪芯 - 薪械屑邪褦 芯锌懈褋褨胁 褋屑械褉褌械泄, 斜芯谢褞, 蟹褨褌泻薪械薪褜, 褏芯褔邪 胁芯薪芯 褨薪芯写褨 锌褉懈褋褍褌薪褦 褎芯薪芯屑. 袗谢械 屑芯卸谢懈胁芯 褑械 褌芯屑褍 褖芯 胁褨泄薪邪 褋锌邪谢邪褏薪褍谢邪 胁褋褨褦褞 褌械褉懈褌芯褉褨褦褞 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褨 褌械锌械褉 薪邪胁褨褌褜 写谢褟 薪邪褋 褑懈胁褨谢褜薪懈褏 胁卸械 褋屑械褉褌褜, 斜褨谢褜, 褉芯蟹胁邪谢械薪褨 斜褍写懈薪泻懈 褌邪 褉械褕褌褍 褋褌邪谢懈 锌芯胁褋褟泻写械薪薪褨褋褌褞, 胁褨写 褟泻芯褩 薪械 胁斜械褉械卸械褕.
笑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 褌褉械斜邪 褔懈褌邪褌懈 胁褋褨屑, 褖芯斜 锌芯蟹斜邪胁懈褌懈褋褟 褋褌械褉械芯褌懈锌褨胁 褌邪 褨谢褞蟹褨泄 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 胁芯薪芯 褌邪屑 薪邪 胁褨泄薪褨 - 芯锌懈褋懈 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪芯 褖懈褉褨 褨 写械褌邪谢褜薪褨. 孝邪泻芯卸 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褑褨泻邪胁懈褏 褎芯泻褍褋褨胁, 薪邪锌褉懈泻谢邪写 械褋械褞 锌褉芯 邪斜褉懈泻芯褋懈, 邪斜芯 锌褉芯 泻芯褕械薪褟, 邪斜芯 锌褉芯 锌芯斜褉邪褌懈屑褨胁 - 胁褨写 褟泻懈褏 褖械屑泻芯. 袧邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 蟹写懈胁芯胁邪薪邪 (芯褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 芯褔褨泻褍胁邪谢邪 胁褨写 泻薪懈谐懈 蟹 褌邪泻芯褞 薪邪蟹胁芯褞) 褖芯 褌褍褌 胁褋械 褌邪泻 褌邪泻褌芯胁薪芯 - 薪械屑邪褦 芯锌懈褋褨胁 褋屑械褉褌械泄, 斜芯谢褞, 蟹褨褌泻薪械薪褜, 褏芯褔邪 胁芯薪芯 褨薪芯写褨 锌褉懈褋褍褌薪褦 褎芯薪芯屑. 袗谢械 屑芯卸谢懈胁芯 褑械 褌芯屑褍 褖芯 胁褨泄薪邪 褋锌邪谢邪褏薪褍谢邪 胁褋褨褦褞 褌械褉懈褌芯褉褨褦褞 校泻褉邪褩薪懈, 褨 褌械锌械褉 薪邪胁褨褌褜 写谢褟 薪邪褋 褑懈胁褨谢褜薪懈褏 胁卸械 褋屑械褉褌褜, 斜褨谢褜, 褉芯蟹胁邪谢械薪褨 斜褍写懈薪泻懈 褌邪 褉械褕褌褍 褋褌邪谢懈 锌芯胁褋褟泻写械薪薪褨褋褌褞, 胁褨写 褟泻芯褩 薪械 胁斜械褉械卸械褕.
May 12, 2024
小锌芯写芯斜邪胁褋褟 褉懈褌屑 泄芯谐芯 芯锌芯胁褨写邪薪褜, 褌芯褔薪芯 斜褍写褍 褔懈褌邪褌懈 褖械.
袗 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 - 褖械屑泻邪, 褔械褋薪邪, 胁邪卸泻邪, 褋屑褨褕薪邪, 械屑芯褑褨泄薪邪, 邪谢械 斜械蟹 薪邪写谢懈褕泻褍 械屑芯褑褨泄. 袦械薪褨 褏芯褌褨谢芯褋褜 锌芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褖芯褋褜 锌褉芯 褋谢褍卸斜褍 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻褍, 褨 褑械 褋邪屑械 褌械, 褖芯 褌褉械斜邪.
孝邪泻, 泻薪懈谐邪 锌褉芯 2015泄 褉褨泻, 褨 斜芯泄芯胁褨 写褨褩 薪邪 袛芯薪斜邪褋褨 褍 2015-屑褍 褨 蟹邪褉邪蟹 锌芯褉褨胁薪褞胁邪褌懈 薪械 屑芯卸薪邪, 邪谢械 泻薪懈谐邪 写邪褦 谐邪褉薪械 褍褟胁谢械薪薪褟 锌褉芯 卸懈褌褌褟 胁 斜谢褨薪写邪卸邪褏 胁 邪写褋褜泻懈泄 屑芯褉芯蟹, 褋谢褍卸斜褍 胁 褍屑芯胁邪褏 薪械褋褌邪褔褨 蟹邪斜械蟹锌械褔械薪薪褟, 卸懈褌褌褟, 写褉褍卸斜褍 褨 褉芯斜芯褌褍 蟹 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪芯 褉褨蟹薪懈屑懈 锌芯斜褉邪褌懈屑邪屑懈.
袗 褑褟 泻薪懈谐邪 - 褖械屑泻邪, 褔械褋薪邪, 胁邪卸泻邪, 褋屑褨褕薪邪, 械屑芯褑褨泄薪邪, 邪谢械 斜械蟹 薪邪写谢懈褕泻褍 械屑芯褑褨泄. 袦械薪褨 褏芯褌褨谢芯褋褜 锌芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褖芯褋褜 锌褉芯 褋谢褍卸斜褍 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻褍, 褨 褑械 褋邪屑械 褌械, 褖芯 褌褉械斜邪.
孝邪泻, 泻薪懈谐邪 锌褉芯 2015泄 褉褨泻, 褨 斜芯泄芯胁褨 写褨褩 薪邪 袛芯薪斜邪褋褨 褍 2015-屑褍 褨 蟹邪褉邪蟹 锌芯褉褨胁薪褞胁邪褌懈 薪械 屑芯卸薪邪, 邪谢械 泻薪懈谐邪 写邪褦 谐邪褉薪械 褍褟胁谢械薪薪褟 锌褉芯 卸懈褌褌褟 胁 斜谢褨薪写邪卸邪褏 胁 邪写褋褜泻懈泄 屑芯褉芯蟹, 褋谢褍卸斜褍 胁 褍屑芯胁邪褏 薪械褋褌邪褔褨 蟹邪斜械蟹锌械褔械薪薪褟, 卸懈褌褌褟, 写褉褍卸斜褍 褨 褉芯斜芯褌褍 蟹 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪芯 褉褨蟹薪懈屑懈 锌芯斜褉邪褌懈屑邪屑懈.
April 27, 2025
笑械 写褍卸械-写褍卸械 褏芯褉芯褕邪 泻薪懈卸泻邪, 褨 胁芯薪邪 褌芯褔薪芯 胁褋褨屑 褌褉械斜邪
January 18, 2023
Ein Tagebuch aus dem Krieg, ein Autor wird Soldat und in den Donbas geschickt. "Nullpunkt" erz盲hlt vom disruptiven Alltag an der Front, vom Seelenleben der Menschen in einer Extremsituation, von der gnadenlosen Unsinnigkeit bewaffneter Konflikte.
Artem Tschech gelingt dies mit lockerer Sprache und allt盲glichen Beobachtungen - schrecklich nur, konnte man 2017 nicht ahnen, was den Menschen in der Ukraine f眉nf Jahre sp盲ter bevorstehen w眉rde.
Artem Tschech gelingt dies mit lockerer Sprache und allt盲glichen Beobachtungen - schrecklich nur, konnte man 2017 nicht ahnen, was den Menschen in der Ukraine f眉nf Jahre sp盲ter bevorstehen w眉rde.
June 25, 2017
袉薪褌芯薪邪褑褨泄薪芯 锌褉芯褋褌邪, 斜褍写械薪薪邪, 蟹 谢械谐泻懈屑懈 薪芯褌泻邪屑懈 谐褍屑芯褉褍 泄 写褍卸械 褉褨写泻芯 锌邪褎芯褋褍, 褑褟 泻薪懈卸泻邪 褔懈褌邪褦褌褜褋褟 薪褨斜懈 屑褨卸 褨薪褕懈屑, 褟泻 褎斜-写芯锌懈褋懈 褍 褋褌褉褨褔褑褨, 邪谢械 蟹邪谢懈褕邪褦 锌芯 褋芯斜褨 褑褨泻邪胁械 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟 胁褌邪屑芯胁邪薪芯褩 褋锌褉邪谐懈. 袧褨斜懈 褌懈 泄写械褕 蟹邪锌懈谢褞卸械薪芯褞 写芯褉芯谐芯褞 褋械褉械写 褉芯蟹锌邪褕褨谢懈褏 锌芯谢褨胁-褨-褋褌械锌褨胁, 邪 锌芯褌褨屑 锌'褦褕. 袧褨, 褑械 薪械 "褏芯谢芯写薪邪 褑褨谢褞褖邪 卸懈胁懈谢褜薪邪 胁芯写邪 蟹 薪邪写褉", 褟泻褍 泻芯胁褌邪褦褕 锌芯屑邪谢褍, 斜芯 蟹邪褏芯谢芯写薪邪. 笑械 蟹胁懈褔邪泄薪邪 胁芯写邪, 泻褨屑薪邪褌薪芯褩 褌械屑锌械褉邪褌褍褉懈, 褟泻邪 薪邪泄泻褉邪褖械 锌褨写褏芯写懈褌褜 褌芯斜褨 胁 褑褨泄 褋懈褌褍邪褑褨褩.
March 14, 2023
锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻 袗褉褌械屑 效械褏 褍 2015 褉芯褑褨 锌褨褕芯胁 褋谢褍卸懈褌懈 薪邪 褉芯褋褨泄褋褜泻芯-褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻褍 胁褨泄薪褍. 锌芯胁械褉薪褍胁褕懈褋褟, 薪邪锌懈褋邪胁 泻薪懈谐褍 泻芯褉芯褌泻懈褏 褋锌芯谐邪写褨胁, 褖芯 胁卸械 褋褌邪谢邪 泻褍谢褜褌芯胁芯褞 写谢褟 胁芯褦薪薪芯褩 锌褉芯蟹懈. 胁芯薪邪 锌褉芯褋褌褨褕邪, 薪褨卸 褋胁褨卸褨褕褨 蟹斜褨褉泻邪 泄 褉芯屑邪薪 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻邪. 褨 胁 褑褜芯屑褍 褩褩 褑褨薪薪褨褋褌褜, 斜芯 褑械 褉芯蟹屑芯胁邪 锌褉芯 胁褨泄薪褍 斜械蟹 蟹邪泄胁芯谐芯 锌邪褎芯褋褍 泄 褨褋褌械褉懈泻懈.
*写芯斜褉械 褔懈褌邪褌懈 锌褨褋谢褟屑芯胁褍 泄 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褌懈, 褖芯 袗褉褌械屑 效械褏 褌邪泻懈 薪邪锌懈褋邪胁 褋胁褨泄 褉芯屑邪薪 锌褉芯 泻芯谢懈褕薪褜芯谐芯 胁芯褦薪薪芯谐芯, 褨 胁褨薪 褔褍写芯胁懈泄
(锌械褉械胁懈写邪泄褌械, 斜褍写褜 谢邪褋泻邪)
*写芯斜褉械 褔懈褌邪褌懈 锌褨褋谢褟屑芯胁褍 泄 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褌懈, 褖芯 袗褉褌械屑 效械褏 褌邪泻懈 薪邪锌懈褋邪胁 褋胁褨泄 褉芯屑邪薪 锌褉芯 泻芯谢懈褕薪褜芯谐芯 胁芯褦薪薪芯谐芯, 褨 胁褨薪 褔褍写芯胁懈泄
(锌械褉械胁懈写邪泄褌械, 斜褍写褜 谢邪褋泻邪)
June 14, 2024
褉褨胁薪邪, 褏芯褉芯褕邪 蟹斜褨褉泻邪. 薪械 褋泻邪蟹邪褌懈, 褖芯 胁懈写邪褌薪邪, 邪谢械 蟹薪邪泄芯屑褋褌胁芯 蟹 邪胁褌芯褉芯屑 锌褉芯写芯胁卸褍胁邪褌懈 褏芯褔褍. 蟹邪锌邪屑始褟褌邪谢邪 写胁褨 褉械褔褨:
鈥� 蟹邪褉锌谢邪褌薪褟 褍 7泻 斜褍谢邪 褏芯褉芯褕芯褞 屑芯褌懈胁邪褑褨褦褞 泄褌懈 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯;
鈥� 褨褋褌芯褉褨褞 锌褉芯 屑褍卸懈泻邪, 褟泻懈泄 褋懈写褨胁 褍 褌懈谢褍 泄 褋褌褨谢褜泻懈 薪邪锌懈蟹写褨胁 褋胁芯褩泄 写褉褍卸懈薪褨 锌褉芯 褋胁芯褩 芦33 斜芯褦胁懈褏 胁懈褏芯写邪禄, 褖芯 褌邪, 锌械褉械谢褟泻邪薪邪, 锌芯屑械褉谢邪 胁褨写 蟹褍锌懈薪泻懈 褋械褉褑褟;
鈥� 蟹邪褉锌谢邪褌薪褟 褍 7泻 斜褍谢邪 褏芯褉芯褕芯褞 屑芯褌懈胁邪褑褨褦褞 泄褌懈 褍 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯;
鈥� 褨褋褌芯褉褨褞 锌褉芯 屑褍卸懈泻邪, 褟泻懈泄 褋懈写褨胁 褍 褌懈谢褍 泄 褋褌褨谢褜泻懈 薪邪锌懈蟹写褨胁 褋胁芯褩泄 写褉褍卸懈薪褨 锌褉芯 褋胁芯褩 芦33 斜芯褦胁懈褏 胁懈褏芯写邪禄, 褖芯 褌邪, 锌械褉械谢褟泻邪薪邪, 锌芯屑械褉谢邪 胁褨写 蟹褍锌懈薪泻懈 褋械褉褑褟;
December 7, 2018
效械褋薪褨 褋芯谢写邪褌褋褜泻褨 蟹邪锌懈褋泻懈. 小谢褍卸斜邪 胁 袟斜褉芯泄薪懈褏 褋懈谢邪褏 校泻褉邪褩薪懈 胁 褉芯泻懈 胁褨泄薪懈. 袘械蟹 谐械褉芯泄褋褌胁邪, 斜械蟹 褔芯褉薪褍褏懈. 小谢褍卸斜邪 褨 胁褨泄薪邪, 褟泻褨 锌械褉械褌胁芯褉褞褞褌褜褋褟 薪邪 斜褍写薪褨. (携 褔懈褌邪胁 褋锌芯谐邪写懈 袥芯褌屑邪薪邪 锌褉芯 褋谢褍卸斜褍 胁 褉芯泻懈 写褉褍谐芯褩 小胁褨褌芯胁芯褩, 褨 褌邪屑 褌械卸 斜褍谢芯 斜邪谐邪褌芯 斜褍写械薪薪懈褏 写械褌邪谢械泄, 褨 薪械 斜褍谢芯 锌邪褎芯褋褍 褌邪 械泻褕械薪褍)
袩褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 胁懈褟胁懈谢芯褋褜 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 锌褉芯褋褌褨褕械 (写械褋褜 褨蟹 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪褍 褟 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪胁 芯写褉邪蟹褍, 薪械 胁褨写褉懈胁邪褞褔懈褋褜), 薪褨卸 褖芯褋褜 锌褉芯 薪械褩 褌芯谢泻芯胁械 薪邪锌懈褋邪褌懈 鈥� 薪邪褋褌褨谢褜泻懈, 褖芯 泻褨谢褜泻邪 屑褨褋褟褑褨胁 褟 薪械 锌懈褋邪胁 褨 锌褉芯 褉械褕褌褍 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪懈褏 锌褨褋谢褟 薪械褩.
袩芯-锌械褉褕械, 褋泻谢邪写薪芯 斜褍谢芯 邪斜褋褌褉邪谐褍胁邪褌懈褋褟 胁褨写 邪胁褌芯褉邪 蟹邪 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑 鈥� 泻芯谢懈 谢褞写懈薪邪 褨蟹 褍屑芯胁薪芯谐芯 芦褌胁芯谐芯禄 锌芯泻芯谢褨薪薪褟, 褨蟹 褌胁芯谐芯 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 芯褌芯褔械薪薪褟 锌械褉械褏芯写懈褌褜 屑械卸褍 褑懈胁褨谢褜薪芯谐芯 褨 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯谐芯 卸懈褌褌褟, 褑械 褋锌褉懈泄屑邪褦褌褜褋褟 写褍卸械 胁锌褉懈褌褍谢. 袗谢械 薪邪褋锌褉邪胁写褨 褑械 谢懈褕械 褎褨谢褜褌 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟, 写芯 泻薪懈卸泻懈 锌芯褋褌邪褌褜 邪胁褌芯褉邪 锌芯蟹邪 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑 薪褨褔芯谐芯 薪械 写芯写邪褦 鈥� 薪械 蟹邪 褑械 褩褩 褏胁邪谢褟褌褜 (褌邪 泄 褨薪褕褨 泻薪懈卸泻懈 褌邪泻芯卸 锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯 褑褨薪薪褨 褌懈屑, 褖芯, 邪 薪械 褌懈屑, 褏褌芯).
袩芯-写褉褍谐械, 谐芯谢芯胁薪邪 褩褩 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褑褨薪薪褨褋褌褜 鈥� 蟹斜械褉械卸械薪薪褟 锌褉芯褋褌芯褌懈 泄 斜褍写械薪薪芯褋褌褨. 校 屑褨谢褨褌邪褉薪芯褩 褉懈褌芯褉懈泻懈 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 谐谢懈斜芯泻邪, 屑芯卸薪邪 锌懈褋邪褌懈, 褨 芯褉懈谐褨薪邪谢褜薪芯, 薪械 胁懈褏芯写褟褔懈 蟹 胁褨写锌褉邪褑褜芯胁邪薪懈褏 褌褉芯锌褨胁. 袞懈褌褌褦胁懈泄 写芯褋胁褨写, 薪邪褌芯屑褨褋褌褜, 褎褨泻褋褍褦褌褜褋褟 胁褨褔薪懈屑 褕褌褉懈褏-锌褍薪泻褌懈褉芯屑, 蟹邪褉邪蟹 褑械 蟹薪邪褏芯写懈褌褜褋褟 锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯 锌芯蟹邪 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁懈屑 褋胁褨褌芯屑.
袗谢械 胁褋械-褌邪泻懈 褑械 蟹邪锌懈褋泻懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻邪, 褌芯屑褍 褑械 锌褉芯褋褌芯褌邪 芯锌褉邪褑褜芯胁邪薪邪 鈥� 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 褑械 锌芯屑褨褌薪芯 胁 芦泻邪谢械薪写邪褉薪芯屑褍禄 褑懈泻谢褨 械锌褨蟹芯写褨胁, 褟泻褨 锌芯褔懈薪邪褞褌褜褋褟 蟹邪 芯写薪芯褞 褎芯褉屑褍谢芯褞, 泻芯谢懈 芦邪胁褌芯褉禄 屑褉褨褦 谐邪褉薪芯 锌褉芯胁械褋褌懈 褔邪褋 褨蟹 泻薪懈卸泻芯褞. 袉 泻薪懈卸泻懈 褑褨 鈥� 锌褉芯屑芯胁懈褋褌芯 鈥� 褉芯褋褨泄褋褜泻懈褏 邪胁褌芯褉褨胁. 袗胁褌芯褉 锌褨写褨斜褉邪胁, 邪 褟 胁锌褨蟹薪邪胁 褍褋褨 褑褨 褨屑械薪邪, 芯写褉邪蟹褍, 斜芯 胁芯薪懈 褦 褔邪褋褌懈薪芯褞 ex/USSR 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈. 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪懈屑 泻芯写芯屑, 锌芯 褟泻芯屑褍 褌械锌械褉 锌褉芯褏芯写懈褌褜 薪械 谢懈褕械 写械褉卸邪胁薪懈泄 泻芯褉写芯薪.
袩芯褉褍褔/锌邪褉邪谢械谢褜薪芯 褨蟹 芦孝芯褔泻芯褞 薪褍谢褜禄 褟 褔懈褌邪胁 褌芯写褨 芦袦懈褋褌械褑褌胁芯 胁褨泄薪懈禄 小褍薪褜 袛蟹懈 褌邪 Annihilation 袙械褉屑械褦褉邪, 褨 褋锌褉懈泄屑邪胁 褩褏 褟泻 胁懈褋谢芯胁谢褞胁邪薪薪褟 蟹 芯写薪芯谐芯 锌芯谢褟, 褟泻褨 蟹邪胁卸写懈 褨褋薪褍胁邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 芯褋褨斜薪芯. 袦邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪械 胁褨写写邪谢械薪薪褟, 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪械 薪邪斜谢懈卸械薪薪褟, 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪.
效懈 胁邪褉褌芯 褔懈褌邪褌懈? 袘械蟹褍屑芯胁薪芯 (蟹邪褉邪蟹 泻薪懈卸泻邪 谢械卸懈褌褜 褍 斜邪褌褜泻褨胁). 效懈 胁邪褉褌芯 锌械褉械褔懈褌褍胁邪褌懈. 小泻芯褉褨褕械 褌邪泻.
袩褉芯褔懈褌邪褌懈 褑褞 泻薪懈卸泻褍 胁懈褟胁懈谢芯褋褜 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 锌褉芯褋褌褨褕械 (写械褋褜 褨蟹 锌芯谢芯胁懈薪褍 褟 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪胁 芯写褉邪蟹褍, 薪械 胁褨写褉懈胁邪褞褔懈褋褜), 薪褨卸 褖芯褋褜 锌褉芯 薪械褩 褌芯谢泻芯胁械 薪邪锌懈褋邪褌懈 鈥� 薪邪褋褌褨谢褜泻懈, 褖芯 泻褨谢褜泻邪 屑褨褋褟褑褨胁 褟 薪械 锌懈褋邪胁 褨 锌褉芯 褉械褕褌褍 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪懈褏 锌褨褋谢褟 薪械褩.
袩芯-锌械褉褕械, 褋泻谢邪写薪芯 斜褍谢芯 邪斜褋褌褉邪谐褍胁邪褌懈褋褟 胁褨写 邪胁褌芯褉邪 蟹邪 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑 鈥� 泻芯谢懈 谢褞写懈薪邪 褨蟹 褍屑芯胁薪芯谐芯 芦褌胁芯谐芯禄 锌芯泻芯谢褨薪薪褟, 褨蟹 褌胁芯谐芯 褋芯褑褨邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 芯褌芯褔械薪薪褟 锌械褉械褏芯写懈褌褜 屑械卸褍 褑懈胁褨谢褜薪芯谐芯 褨 胁褨泄褋褜泻芯胁芯谐芯 卸懈褌褌褟, 褑械 褋锌褉懈泄屑邪褦褌褜褋褟 写褍卸械 胁锌褉懈褌褍谢. 袗谢械 薪邪褋锌褉邪胁写褨 褑械 谢懈褕械 褎褨谢褜褌 褋锌褉懈泄薪褟褌褌褟, 写芯 泻薪懈卸泻懈 锌芯褋褌邪褌褜 邪胁褌芯褉邪 锌芯蟹邪 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑 薪褨褔芯谐芯 薪械 写芯写邪褦 鈥� 薪械 蟹邪 褑械 褩褩 褏胁邪谢褟褌褜 (褌邪 泄 褨薪褕褨 泻薪懈卸泻懈 褌邪泻芯卸 锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯 褑褨薪薪褨 褌懈屑, 褖芯, 邪 薪械 褌懈屑, 褏褌芯).
袩芯-写褉褍谐械, 谐芯谢芯胁薪邪 褩褩 写谢褟 屑械薪械 褑褨薪薪褨褋褌褜 鈥� 蟹斜械褉械卸械薪薪褟 锌褉芯褋褌芯褌懈 泄 斜褍写械薪薪芯褋褌褨. 校 屑褨谢褨褌邪褉薪芯褩 褉懈褌芯褉懈泻懈 褨褋褌芯褉褨褟 谐谢懈斜芯泻邪, 屑芯卸薪邪 锌懈褋邪褌懈, 褨 芯褉懈谐褨薪邪谢褜薪芯, 薪械 胁懈褏芯写褟褔懈 蟹 胁褨写锌褉邪褑褜芯胁邪薪懈褏 褌褉芯锌褨胁. 袞懈褌褌褦胁懈泄 写芯褋胁褨写, 薪邪褌芯屑褨褋褌褜, 褎褨泻褋褍褦褌褜褋褟 胁褨褔薪懈屑 褕褌褉懈褏-锌褍薪泻褌懈褉芯屑, 蟹邪褉邪蟹 褑械 蟹薪邪褏芯写懈褌褜褋褟 锌械褉械胁邪卸薪芯 锌芯蟹邪 泻薪懈卸泻芯胁懈屑 褋胁褨褌芯屑.
袗谢械 胁褋械-褌邪泻懈 褑械 蟹邪锌懈褋泻懈 锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪懈泻邪, 褌芯屑褍 褑械 锌褉芯褋褌芯褌邪 芯锌褉邪褑褜芯胁邪薪邪 鈥� 薪邪泄斜褨谢褜褕械 褑械 锌芯屑褨褌薪芯 胁 芦泻邪谢械薪写邪褉薪芯屑褍禄 褑懈泻谢褨 械锌褨蟹芯写褨胁, 褟泻褨 锌芯褔懈薪邪褞褌褜褋褟 蟹邪 芯写薪芯褞 褎芯褉屑褍谢芯褞, 泻芯谢懈 芦邪胁褌芯褉禄 屑褉褨褦 谐邪褉薪芯 锌褉芯胁械褋褌懈 褔邪褋 褨蟹 泻薪懈卸泻芯褞. 袉 泻薪懈卸泻懈 褑褨 鈥� 锌褉芯屑芯胁懈褋褌芯 鈥� 褉芯褋褨泄褋褜泻懈褏 邪胁褌芯褉褨胁. 袗胁褌芯褉 锌褨写褨斜褉邪胁, 邪 褟 胁锌褨蟹薪邪胁 褍褋褨 褑褨 褨屑械薪邪, 芯写褉邪蟹褍, 斜芯 胁芯薪懈 褦 褔邪褋褌懈薪芯褞 ex/USSR 锌褉芯褕懈胁泻懈. 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪懈屑 泻芯写芯屑, 锌芯 褟泻芯屑褍 褌械锌械褉 锌褉芯褏芯写懈褌褜 薪械 谢懈褕械 写械褉卸邪胁薪懈泄 泻芯褉写芯薪.
袩芯褉褍褔/锌邪褉邪谢械谢褜薪芯 褨蟹 芦孝芯褔泻芯褞 薪褍谢褜禄 褟 褔懈褌邪胁 褌芯写褨 芦袦懈褋褌械褑褌胁芯 胁褨泄薪懈禄 小褍薪褜 袛蟹懈 褌邪 Annihilation 袙械褉屑械褦褉邪, 褨 褋锌褉懈泄屑邪胁 褩褏 褟泻 胁懈褋谢芯胁谢褞胁邪薪薪褟 蟹 芯写薪芯谐芯 锌芯谢褟, 褟泻褨 蟹邪胁卸写懈 褨褋薪褍胁邪褌懈屑褍褌褜 芯褋褨斜薪芯. 袦邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪械 胁褨写写邪谢械薪薪褟, 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪械 薪邪斜谢懈卸械薪薪褟, 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪.
效懈 胁邪褉褌芯 褔懈褌邪褌懈? 袘械蟹褍屑芯胁薪芯 (蟹邪褉邪蟹 泻薪懈卸泻邪 谢械卸懈褌褜 褍 斜邪褌褜泻褨胁). 效懈 胁邪褉褌芯 锌械褉械褔懈褌褍胁邪褌懈. 小泻芯褉褨褕械 褌邪泻.
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