'The history of women's struggles is so broad and rich that I have found t difficult to select. I have chosen to deal with the struggles as they reach their peaks. On a mountain peak one gets a much clearer general view...' Ranging from 1640 from the present day, this book looks at the long struggle for women's liberation- and particularly the different movements which have soight to achieve women's liberation iver the past 100 years, for these have explained women's opretion in very different ways and have persued strategies quite opposed to one another. Under capitalism, argues Tony Cliff, the production of necessities of life is a social process while, reproduction- the rearing of children- is a private process, taking place largely in the enclosed family. The oppression of women is rooted in this dichotomy. But oppression in itself does not lead to a struggle for liberation. The oppression of wome, by dividing them and imprisoning them in the four walls of the home, leads most often to powerlessness and submission. Only women, as workers, have collective power in their workplaces and unions, do they gain confidence to fight. For this reason Tony Cliff looks particularly at the struggles of the working class women. 'Our argument is that women's liberation cannot be achieved without victory of socialism and that socialism is impossible without women's liberation.'
Born in Palestine to Zionist parents in 1917, Ygael Gluckstein became a Trotskyist during the 1930s and played a leading role in the attempt to forge a movement uniting Arab and Jewish workers. At the end of of the Second World war, seeing that the victory of the Zionists was more and more inevitable, he moved to Britain and adopted the pseudonym Tony Cliff.
In the late 1940s he developed the theory that Russia wasn鈥檛 a workers鈥� state but a form of bureaucratic state capitalism, a theory which has characterised the tendency with which he was associated for the remaining five decades of his life. Although he broke from 鈥渙rthodox Trotskyism鈥� after being bureaucratically excluded from the Fourth International in 1950, he always considered himself to be a Trotskyist although he was also open to other influences within the Marxist tradition.
I didn鈥檛 find Tony Cliff yo be someone who has a deep understanding or empathy with Feminism and women鈥檚 struggles. He is mostly pre-occupied with forcing the idea that feminism should鈥檝e aligned itself with socialism and whenever feminists have failed, it鈥檚 because they were distant from socialistic purposes. In fact, he considers feminism to be a failure up to now and, sadly, fails to appreciate the achievements of several feminist movements. The last two/three chapters of the book are almost inconsistent with the rest of the book and its historic approach. In general, I bought this book thinking I would learn a lot, but I mostly realized what a great obstacle socialists must have been in decades of feminist struggles.
pretty great overview of the history of women鈥檚 movements and their weaknesses, and an essential read for anyone who wants to better understand how to fight for women鈥檚 liberation and why Marxist politics must be central in that fight