Well, color me intimidated by my lack of knowledge involving any 15th Century meddlings between the Ottoman Empire and Europe before delving into this first-class legroom of a novel, but those fears were instantly subverted by the lazy river flow of Mutafchieva鈥檚 laid-back, passionate, storytelling savviness. A series of historical characters 鈥渢ake the stand鈥� explaining their roles in the Case of Cem, Mehmed the Conqueror鈥檚 favorite son and Europe鈥檚 favorite hot potato bargaining chip of the day. Though on trial (of a sort), no one claims to be innocent; in fact all seem to offer up their own notorious tales in a 鈥渉ey, I鈥檓 dead, so I got nothing to lose鈥� sort of way, adding humor and creative interpretation to the other tray of my previously mentioned intimidation scale. The only one not present for questioning is Cem, our tossed-around prisoner-slash-esteemed-guest of the in-fightiest league of extortionist gentlemen, but his story鈥檚 the large novelty needle sticking out of this book鈥檚 little haystack.
Cem was far from being a distant figure - having come across him in my readings on the Ottoman Empire (a fascinating lesson in the art of political survival) and other historical tomes where he has featured during his exile, not least as a "guest" of the Hospitallers on Rhodes and of the Borgia Pope in Rome. Even in death, Cem still provided to be worthy of bargaining.
This is quite a lengthy read but I would say one that is not overly cumbersome - take your time and enjoy the story.
A new reader to this period may find this style a bit more user-friendly as opposed to diving head first into Ottoman politics and history (which is quite the fascination).
This was so good. More than just a fictional recount of real historical events, this is a beautiful and heartbreaking commentary on identity, homeland, and what it means to lose them.
A book that is not written by a Bulgarian woman prose writer. A book that is not telling about a sultan. A book that is published during the communistic regime in Bulgaria. A book that brings to our minds that we are humans first and then someone's children, friends, rulers. This book is a great step in the Bulgarian literature - on the one hand, it crosses the stone Bulgarian-Turkish cultural border, it crosses the time and it shows new kind of conflict - the conflict between South-East Europe (also known as the Balkans) and Catholic Europe. And the visualisation of that is the son of a Serbian princess and an Ottoman sultan, but not an "ordinary" sultan - Sultan Mehmet Fatih. This novel has the aroma of the Middle-East and the gracefulness of the French court. And the cruelty of the ancient times and the covertness of the Dark Ages. Read it!
Now I'm heartbroken because both Cem and Saadi are gone and the book is done. I'm SO happy I own this book because I'm going to reread it! By far the best book from the Republic of Consciousness Prize that I've read so far. The only one left that I want to read is Lesser Ruins. Let's see what happens!
Shortlisted for the 2024 Republic of Consciousness Prize, United States and Canada
The Case of Cem (2024) is Angela Rodel's translation of the 1967 Bulgarian novel 小谢褍褔邪褟褌 袛卸械屑 by 袙械褉邪 袦褍褌邪褎褔懈械胁邪 (Vera Mutafchieva), a historian of the Ottoman empire as well as a novelist.
In her translator's note (reproduced at ) Rodel explains how she came across the original novel and comments, referring to the man she married in Bulgaria:
"This particular wooden flute player was also a poet who introduced me to another divine chorus of Bulgarian voices: the vibrant, turn-of-the-millennium literary scene. Poetry was the dominant genre at the time, and the explosion of post-socialist literary experimentation found its expression in avant-garde performances.
Yet as a reader I have always been a fan of novels鈥攖he fatter and more historical, the better. My idea of a perfect afternoon is to curl up with a tome of Iris Murdoch, Robertson Davies, or Dostoevsky. I asked my then-husband for recommendations of classic Bulgarian novels. He thought for a moment, then said: The Case of Cem."
As a reader of novels, the slimmer, and the more avant-garde and the less historical, the better for me, and while this is more than genre historical fiction, at 560 pages which is mostly exactly that, it's ultimately not really for me.
The Case of Cem is based around the story of , third son of Sultan Mehmed II. When his father died, in May 1481, Cem, aged 21, suggested dividing the Ottoman Empire with his elder half-brother Bayezid (12 years older). But when Bayezid rejected the proposal - saying the Ottoman Empire is a bride and can only choose one bridegroom - and defeated Cem's troops in battle, Cem fled into exile, coming under the protection of, in succession, the Mamluks in Cairo, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John on the island of Rhodes, and the Pope, and becoming something of a political pawn in the disputes over the Eastern lands of the European empires and the Westward expansion of the Ottomans. He died in 1495.
Without a doubt, the papacy wanted me to take the lead in the case of Cem until the situation became clear and its advantages guaranteed. Only then would Sixtus IV recall that he alone governed the fortunes of Christianity, and he would remind us that Cem Sultan could not stay under the control of the Order, since that Order was subordinate to the pope. (In the interest of fairness, I must note that in his letter, Sixtus IV for the first time called the mess around Cem Sultan a "case," and with that, he showed he was not as hopeless as听I听had听thought.)
The first to refer to Cem's situation as a 'case' was Pope Sixtus IV (who gave his name to the Sistine Chapel, completed as the events of this novel begin), in a letter to Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master of the Knights of Saint John in Rhodes, and who is quoted above.
The novel is a re-telling of the story but told in the style of a court case, or perhaps more an inquest, with testimony from those involved, the verdict to be given by history. The novel's organising principle is that this testimony is being given to someone in the modern present day (the reader? the author? historians?) - the speakers know how events were later received, and of each other's commentary. So in the first piece from the Grand Vizier Karamani Mehmed Pasha, who was first to learn of Mehmed II's death and who set in motion the dispute over the succession, he interrupts his narrative to address the modern judge and jury:
I recall being surprised that day had not yet broken. The short time between the peik's news and his death had seemed like hours to me. I looked around. The camp was sleeping. Good thing it's asleep, I thought. The tents were staked one after another in the distance, as far as the eye could see. Two hundred thousand men-gathered from Serbia to Persia, some followers of the true faith, others not, mobilized of their own free will or by force-had hurried to steal a final hour of sleep before the campaign. Yes, rumor had it that we would march today of all days.
Where to, you ask? I don't know, and clearly you don't either 鈥� in the intervening five hundred years you have not managed to learn where exactly the Conqueror had planned to lead his troops on that morning, which he did not live to see. I notice that this blank spot in your knowledge irritates you. But we were used to it, uncertainty did not alarm us, because the great Sultan Mehmed II always found his way through it. The man whose battle luck never听deserted听him.
Blurbs are in the news this weekend due to Simon & Schuster US's decision to no longer request authors to solicit them. Perhaps inevitably for a book translated by Rodel from Bulgarian there is a fulsome blurb from her co-winner of the International Booker, Georgi Gospodinov: 鈥淎 brilliant and polyphonic novel in which each chapter offers a new point of view, adds a new dimension. A story told through the voices of the living and the dead. A novel that today sounds very topical in the context of contemporary writing and the European East.鈥� But that does higlight one issue with the novel, that while there are many different voices, they sound rather similar, perhaps inevitably/realistically as court-testimony, which dictates a certain style, translated via Mutafchieva's Bulgariand and Rodel's English. And indeed many drop into relaying of the historic facts, so as to keep the reader informed - this is historical fiction of the more macro-political variety than the recreation of sights/sounds/smells.
But there is also a personal note interwoven in the essayistic. Cem's voice itself is absent, the void at the centre as others discuss his fate. But the testimonies of key political figures are interspersed with testimony from Saadi, a Persian poet and Cem's companion and erstwhile lover:
FIRST TESTIMONY OF THE POET SAADI, CEM'S DEFTERDAR
Surely the first thing you'll ask is how I, a poet by calling and profession, came to serve Cem in this most unsuitable post of defterdar, or bookkeeper. I would like to immediately disabuse you of this misconception: with Cem, there was no such thing as an unsuitable post; with Cem, there was no post not held by a poet听or听a听singer.
And it is Saadi - who, in his words, acts as well as Cem's 'Vizier, treasurer, prisoner, wet nurse, babysitter听and听pimp' who portrays Cem's relatively naivety and helplessness, not realising he is a pawn (albeit one that could be about to be promoted) in a much wider chess game, but who also argues that this is a function of the superior Ottoman culture versus the crude machinations of the West:
When I report this to you now, I suppose it sounds ridiculous. The line between the touching and the ridiculous is very thin indeed, and Cem often stepped over it, because he lackeda sense of reality. Cem was a poet who had gotten inopportunely mixed up in history, and most of his actions, if not erroneous, were at the very least听ridiculous. [...] If you sit down with the countless saccharine novels about Zizim that flooded the West during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries -it will remain unclear to you how and why Cem had to go through everything he went through. His light-mindedness remains inexplicable, his trustingness looks childish, while his suffering seems deliberately sought out. Yet all of that was the inevitable result of our way of thinking, of our entire worldview. It has no room for Brother d'Aubusson, nor for the blackshirted knights; in our world there are no palaces that double as prisons or any double-edged messages. It excludes the possibility of writing a person's death sentence when his own signature stands just beneath it; it cannot conceive of taking away from a condemned man his sole remaining possession - thirty-odd unarmed friends. This was precisely the clash between Cem and the West that lay at the heart of his illness.
An impressive work, but one that wasn't for me - the rating 2* for my personal taste and 4* for literary merit, averaging 3.
The publisher
Sandorf Passage is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that publishes work that creates a prismatic perspective on what it means to live in a globalized world. It is a home to writing inspired by both conflict zones and the dangers of complacency.
Jednoj od tema koje me istinski zanimaju sigurno pripada razdoblje novog vijeka s naglaskom na odnose Europe s Osmanlijama, pogotovo u kontekstu trome膽e gdje se susre膰e spoj triju kultura, a to je ovaj na拧 prostor jugoisto膷ne Europe. Voljeli li ih ili ne, Osmanlije su za ove prostore bili presudni u mnogo pogleda, rekla bih i pozitivnih i negativnih. Osobno mi je 啪ao 拧to u zapadnim dr啪avama, barem ovima koje su bile u izravnom kontaktu (kao 拧to sam se uvjerila npr. u Italiji) nema ba拧 svijesti o tome koliko su Osmanlije utjecali na povijest isto膷ne i ju啪ne Europe i jednog dijela Mediterana, a 拧to su u nas ljudi uskogrudni te 膷esto temelje svoje znanje o ovom povijesnom razdoblju sa previ拧e strasti i na neprovjerenim ili neto膷nim mitovima. A to je tako bogat period, naro膷ito u na拧im krajevima (Hrvatska i ostale ju啪noslavenske zemlje), ne samo zbog geopoliti膷kih zbivanja, nego i zbog stvaranja nematerijalne kulture. Nije sve zanimljivo u novom vijeku vezano samo za renesansu...
A to potvr膽uje i "Slu膷aj D啪em"! Vera Mutaf膷ieva je odli膷no uspjela iskombinirati vi拧e 膷imbenika. Ima osnovu koju 膷ini stvarni doga膽aj i stvarne povijesne li膷nosti te koristi izvore savjesno, ali dodaje i fiktivne likove kako bi obogatila naraciju i time u膷inila 啪anr povijesne fikcije jako zanimljivim. Nije to nekakva pri膷ica pojednostavljenih doga膽aja ili idealiziranih likova samo kako bi se prodala knjiga, nego je to vjerodostojno djelo koje i student mo啪e 膷itati dok priprema ispit kako bi ga bolje polo啪io, a pritom se zabavio. Zato mi se jako svi膽a ovakav na膷in obrade teme, ba拧 je po mom gu拧tu. Dodu拧e, nekad mi je bilo i malo naporno jer se 膷inilo da pripremam ispit zato jer je tekst izrazito gust, pun informacija i zahtijeva pozornost. Mijenjaju se perspektive likova koja prepri膷avaju vlastitu ulogu i pozadinu obra膰aju膰i se izravno 膷itatelju (zanimljivo je kako se isto膷njaci i zapadnjaci vide me膽usobno - divljaci jedni za druge - i kako svaki lik ima druga膷iji dojam o D啪emu).
D啪em je zaista bio zanimljiva li膷nost: da nije bio pretendent i nakratko sultan, svejedno bi bio o膷aravaju膰a pojava. Valjda zbog svoje mladosti, svje啪ine i poleta te ljubavi za 啪ivotom te je zbog te energije privla膷io ljude k sebi. Bio je i pjesnik, gra膽anin svijeta, kako se definirao; okupljao je umjetnike na svom dvoru u Bursi; mo啪da je tim romanti膷nim li膷nostima su膽en nesretan kraj. Tako je legenda jo拧 ja膷a. Nevjerojatno tu啪an je njegov pad, odnosno fizi膷ko i psihi膷ko propadanje nakon 拧to i sam shvati da je samo lutka u prepucavanjima i pogodbama vladara i duhovnika. Sustavno je gubio prava, bliske suradnike i prijatelje, pa 膷ak i politi膷ku va啪nost kao osoba, a sve to u progonstvu, 膷ega s vremenom postaje svjestan. Gubitak pak jedne osobe doveo ga je do ruba jer tada i sam shva膰a da nema razloga za nastavljanje borbe te on odustaje i kopni u ravnodu拧nosti do te mjere da postaje nepodno拧ljiv i najvjernijem sluzi koji ga je obo啪avao, pjesniku Saadiju. Saadi je isto zanimljiv lik zbog svoje sr膷anosti, odanosti i racionalnog razmi拧ljanja.
Osim upe膷atljivih likova, Mutaf膷ieva vje拧to opisuje i ljepotu krajolika u kojima se nalaze zamci i utvrde koji slu啪e kao zatvor za sultana, a op膰enito dobro opisuje i interijere i okru啪enje u kojima se likovi nalaze. To sve poja膷ava dobar dojam kako bi se bolje u啪ivjeli u 拧tivo.
Ovaj maestralan (i vrlo uspje拧an) poku拧aj do膷aravanja politi膷ke situacije u Europi tijekom 80-ih godina 15. stolje膰a vrijedan je svake pohvale jer se vidi da je autorica dobro poznavala temu i vjerodostojno je obradila, a bila je i vrsna pripovjeda膷ica upravo zato jer je dobro izbalansirala povijesnu stvarnost i fikciju; dobro su opisane patnje i osje膰aji osobe koja je ipak mladi膰 u najboljim godinama, zato膷en i bez prilike da se vrati u domovinu zbog kompleksnih politi膷kih doga膽aja prouzrokovanih smr膰u njegova oca Mehmeda Osvaja膷a i sulude osmanlijske politike koja je dopu拧tala prvoro膽enom sinu i nasljedniku da usmrti svu bra膰u i mogu膰e opasne pretendente na prijestolje. Upitna politika, a svakako se mo啪e re膰i da je bila okrutna i na neki na膷in osakatila osmansku dinastiju. D啪emovi osje膰aji i razmi拧ljanja prenesena putem drugih likova dobro su opisana, bez patetike. Vrijednost djela se vidi i u 膷injenici da je autorica uspjela kompleksne povijesne doga膽aje koji su se doga膽ali tijekom vi拧e od 13 godina, sa raznim protagonistima i razli膷itim mentalnim sklopovima i interesima poslo啪iti u cjelovit i intrigantan roman. 艩teta 拧to djelo nije prevedeno na vi拧e jezika, a za povjesni膷are je svakako odli膷na poslastica!
"Vrlo 膷esto 膰e拧 na mramornoj plo膷i vidjeti darove - 膷ak 膷e拧膰e negoli kod Osman hana. D啪em je za 啪ivota posvuda bio stranac: Srbin ili nevjernik - kod nas; Sarecen ili Maur - kod kr拧膰ana. Tko zna za拧to, D啪em u svojoj smrti pripada svima. Vjerojatno zato 拧to ne mo啪e拧 izmisliti ni拧ta op膰eljudskije od patnje." (str. 540)
Shortlisted for the 2024 Republic of Consciousness Prize, United States and Canada (Melvill won) and a worthy contender.
The novel was written in Bulgarian and first published in 1966 or 67 and translated to English by Angela Rodel and published in English in 1924.
This is the story of Cem in exile as told by his contemporaries, those hired to kill or free him, his jailors, his guards, and his "almost to the end" faithful companion Saardi. The individual chapters read like depositions but without the questions. Those being questioned are, of course dead, as Cem died in 1495. The book covers the years of 1481 t0 1495, with a last chapter concerning the return of Cem's body to his homeland in 1499.
Cem was the second son of Sultan Mehmet II; his mother was a Christian. When Mehmet the conqueror died unexpectedly without naming his successor, his eldest son was entitled to become sultan. Cem was not the eldest but he was the more loved, by Mehmet and his army. Cem wrote his brother that they should split Mehmet's kingdom and each be a sultan. When that request was refused, Cem went to battle against his brother and soon lost. Cem flees to Egypt and then to the island of Rhoades and the "protection" of the Monk/Knights of St. John's and begins what turns out to be his captivity in the West.
We never hear from Cem directly. But we do see the leaders of the then "civilized" world and Cem's brother conspire in various combinations as they seek to fulfil their own desires of power.