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螘蠀渭蔚谓委未蔚蟼
韦慰 蠁喂位蠈未慰尉慰 伪蠀蟿蠈 渭蠀胃喂蟽蟿蠈蟻畏渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿伪蠀蟿蠈蠂蟻慰谓伪 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠈 蟺蠈谓畏渭伪 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 渭喂伪 渭伪蟿喂维 蔚魏 蟿蠅谓 苇蟽蠅 蟽蟿伪 纬蟻伪谓维味喂伪 蟿畏蟼 渭畏蠂伪谓萎蟼 胃伪谓维蟿慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 苇胃蔚蟽蔚 蟽蔚 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬委伪 畏 谓伪味喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 螕蔚蟻渭伪谓委伪 蟽蟿慰 螔蝿 螤伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂慰 螤蠈位蔚渭慰.
螣 未蠈魏蟿蠅蟻 螠伪尉喂渭委位喂伪谓 螁慰蠀蔚, 伪蠁畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 螘蠀渭蔚谓委未蔚蟼, 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟼. 螆谓伪 魏伪位位喂蔚蟻纬畏渭苇谓慰, 未委纬位蠅蟽蟽慰, 未喂伪谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰 蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 魏维谓蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪谓慰萎蟽蔚喂 蟿喂蟼 伪蟺慰蟿蟻蠈蟺伪喂蔚蟼 蟺蟻维尉蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀. 螠苇蟽伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 未委谓畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠋谓 蟽蠀渭尾维谓蟿蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓蟿维蟻伪尉伪谓 蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺蠈蟿畏蟿伪 伪谓伪未蠉慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 渭慰谓伪蠂喂魏苇蟼, 渭蔚位伪纬蠂慰位喂魏苇蟼 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏谓 蔚谓慰蠂萎 伪位位维 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺蟻慰伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭苇谓慰 蟿蠅谓 纬蔚纬慰谓蠈蟿蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿慰蠀 委未喂慰蠀 蟿慰蠀 螠伪尉喂渭委位喂伪谓, 蔚纬魏位畏渭伪蟿委伪 蟿蠅谓 SS.
螠蔚 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟽蟿畏 渭蠀胃慰位慰纬委伪, 蟿畏 渭慰蠀蟽喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏伪喂 渭蔚 尾伪蟽喂魏蠈 蟿慰 蔚蟻蠋蟿畏渭伪 谓伪 蟿伪位伪谓委味蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪蠁畏纬畏蟿萎 纬喂伪 蟿慰 蟺蠈蟽伪 纬谓蠅蟻委味蔚喂 畏 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪 魏伪喂 蟺蠈蟽伪 蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭蔚委 谓伪 渭维胃蔚喂 纬喂伪 蟿喂蟼 蠁蟻喂魏伪位蔚蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 蟽魏慰蟿蔚喂谓蠋谓 蟺位蔚蠀蟻蠋谓 蟿畏蟼 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰 蟺苇蟺位慰 蟺慰蠀 魏伪位蠉蟺蟿蔚喂 蟿畏谓 喂未蔚慰位慰纬委伪 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委, 蟺伪蟻伪魏慰位慰蠀胃慰蠉渭蔚 蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 未蠈魏蟿慰蟻慰蟼 螁慰蠀蔚 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 蟽魏慰蟿蔚喂谓苇蟼 蟺蟿蠀蠂苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿维蟼 蟿慰蠀.
螣喂 螘蠀渭蔚谓委未蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 韦味蠈谓伪胃伪谓 螞委蟿蔚位 蟽蠀渭蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠉蟻慰蠀谓 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蟽蟿畏 未委谓畏 蟿畏蟼 螝蠈位伪蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 螒谓伪蟿慰位喂魏萎蟼 螘蠀蟻蠋蟺畏蟼 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏 未喂维蟻魏蔚喂伪 蟿慰蠀 螔蝿 螤伪纬魏慰蟽渭委慰蠀 螤慰位苇渭慰蠀. 螚 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺慰位蠀蔚蟺委蟺蔚未畏 鈥� 渭喂伪 渭蔚蟿伪渭慰谓蟿苇蟻谓伪 蔚魏未慰蠂萎 蟿慰蠀 伪蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠀蟻纬萎渭伪蟿慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 螖维谓蟿畏, 苇谓伪 伪蟻蠂喂蟿蔚魏蟿蠈谓畏渭伪 蟿蠅谓 蟺喂慰 渭蠉蠂喂蠅谓 蟽魏苇蠄蔚蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 蠄蠀蠂萎蟼. 螣 伪谓蟿喂-萎蟻蠅伪蟼 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎蟼 尉蔚魏喂谓维蔚喂 蠅蟼 喂未蔚伪位喂蟽蟿萎蟼, 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺慰蟻蔚委伪 慰 喂未蔚伪位喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟿慰谓 慰未畏纬蔚委 尾萎渭伪 尾萎渭伪 蟽蟿慰 谓伪 纬委谓蔚喂 蟿苇蟻伪蟼. 螖蠀蟽蟿蠀蠂蠋蟼, 未蔚谓 蠀蟺维蟻蠂蔚喂 未委蟺位伪 蟿慰蠀 苇谓伪蟼 蟽蠀谓蔚蟿蠈蟼 螔喂蟻纬委位喂慰蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 蟿慰谓 蟺维蟻蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蠂苇蟻喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿慰谓 伪蟺慰渭伪魏蟻蠉谓蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 尾伪蟽伪谓喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿慰蟺委慰 蟽蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 蟺蔚蟻喂蠁苇蟻蔚蟿伪喂. 螌蟺蠅蟼 慰 螠伪蟻魏萎蟽喂慰蟼 螡蟿蔚 危伪谓蟿, 胃伪 渭伪蟼 蟺蟻慰魏伪位苇蟽蔚喂 纬喂伪 谓伪 尾蟻慰蠉渭蔚 蟿畏谓 畏胃喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 伪蟻蠂苇蟼 渭伪蟼 伪蟺苇谓伪谓蟿喂 蟽蟿畏谓 蠀蟺苇蟻蟿伪蟿畏 维蟻谓畏蟽萎 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螤慰位位慰委 伪蟺蠈 蔚渭维蟼 苇蠂慰蠀谓 蟽蠀蠂谓维 伪谓伪蟻蠅蟿畏胃蔚委 蟺蠋蟼 苇谓伪蟼 魏伪胃畏渭蔚蟻喂谓蠈蟼 渭苇蟽慰蟼 螕蔚蟻渭伪谓蠈蟼 渭蟺蠈蟻蔚蟽蔚 谓伪 渭蔚蟿伪蟿蟻伪蟺蔚委 蟽蔚 纬蟻伪谓维味喂 蟿畏蟼 渭畏蠂伪谓萎蟼 胃伪谓维蟿慰蠀 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 未委谓蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉萎纬畏蟽畏.
螣 未蠈魏蟿蠅蟻 螠伪尉喂渭委位喂伪谓 螁慰蠀蔚, 伪蠁畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 螘蠀渭蔚谓委未蔚蟼, 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟼. 螆谓伪 魏伪位位喂蔚蟻纬畏渭苇谓慰, 未委纬位蠅蟽蟽慰, 未喂伪谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰 蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 魏维谓蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪谓慰萎蟽蔚喂 蟿喂蟼 伪蟺慰蟿蟻蠈蟺伪喂蔚蟼 蟺蟻维尉蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀. 螠苇蟽伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 未委谓畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠋谓 蟽蠀渭尾维谓蟿蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓蟿维蟻伪尉伪谓 蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺蠈蟿畏蟿伪 伪谓伪未蠉慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 渭慰谓伪蠂喂魏苇蟼, 渭蔚位伪纬蠂慰位喂魏苇蟼 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏谓 蔚谓慰蠂萎 伪位位维 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺蟻慰伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭苇谓慰 蟿蠅谓 纬蔚纬慰谓蠈蟿蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿慰蠀 委未喂慰蠀 蟿慰蠀 螠伪尉喂渭委位喂伪谓, 蔚纬魏位畏渭伪蟿委伪 蟿蠅谓 SS.
螠蔚 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟽蟿畏 渭蠀胃慰位慰纬委伪, 蟿畏 渭慰蠀蟽喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏伪喂 渭蔚 尾伪蟽喂魏蠈 蟿慰 蔚蟻蠋蟿畏渭伪 谓伪 蟿伪位伪谓委味蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪蠁畏纬畏蟿萎 纬喂伪 蟿慰 蟺蠈蟽伪 纬谓蠅蟻委味蔚喂 畏 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪 魏伪喂 蟺蠈蟽伪 蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭蔚委 谓伪 渭维胃蔚喂 纬喂伪 蟿喂蟼 蠁蟻喂魏伪位蔚蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 蟽魏慰蟿蔚喂谓蠋谓 蟺位蔚蠀蟻蠋谓 蟿畏蟼 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰 蟺苇蟺位慰 蟺慰蠀 魏伪位蠉蟺蟿蔚喂 蟿畏谓 喂未蔚慰位慰纬委伪 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委, 蟺伪蟻伪魏慰位慰蠀胃慰蠉渭蔚 蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 未蠈魏蟿慰蟻慰蟼 螁慰蠀蔚 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 蟽魏慰蟿蔚喂谓苇蟼 蟺蟿蠀蠂苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿维蟼 蟿慰蠀.
螣喂 螘蠀渭蔚谓委未蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 韦味蠈谓伪胃伪谓 螞委蟿蔚位 蟽蠀渭蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠉蟻慰蠀谓 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蟽蟿畏 未委谓畏 蟿畏蟼 螝蠈位伪蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 螒谓伪蟿慰位喂魏萎蟼 螘蠀蟻蠋蟺畏蟼 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏 未喂维蟻魏蔚喂伪 蟿慰蠀 螔蝿 螤伪纬魏慰蟽渭委慰蠀 螤慰位苇渭慰蠀. 螚 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺慰位蠀蔚蟺委蟺蔚未畏 鈥� 渭喂伪 渭蔚蟿伪渭慰谓蟿苇蟻谓伪 蔚魏未慰蠂萎 蟿慰蠀 伪蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠀蟻纬萎渭伪蟿慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 螖维谓蟿畏, 苇谓伪 伪蟻蠂喂蟿蔚魏蟿蠈谓畏渭伪 蟿蠅谓 蟺喂慰 渭蠉蠂喂蠅谓 蟽魏苇蠄蔚蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 蠄蠀蠂萎蟼. 螣 伪谓蟿喂-萎蟻蠅伪蟼 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎蟼 尉蔚魏喂谓维蔚喂 蠅蟼 喂未蔚伪位喂蟽蟿萎蟼, 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺慰蟻蔚委伪 慰 喂未蔚伪位喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟿慰谓 慰未畏纬蔚委 尾萎渭伪 尾萎渭伪 蟽蟿慰 谓伪 纬委谓蔚喂 蟿苇蟻伪蟼. 螖蠀蟽蟿蠀蠂蠋蟼, 未蔚谓 蠀蟺维蟻蠂蔚喂 未委蟺位伪 蟿慰蠀 苇谓伪蟼 蟽蠀谓蔚蟿蠈蟼 螔喂蟻纬委位喂慰蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 蟿慰谓 蟺维蟻蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蠂苇蟻喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿慰谓 伪蟺慰渭伪魏蟻蠉谓蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 尾伪蟽伪谓喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿慰蟺委慰 蟽蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 蟺蔚蟻喂蠁苇蟻蔚蟿伪喂. 螌蟺蠅蟼 慰 螠伪蟻魏萎蟽喂慰蟼 螡蟿蔚 危伪谓蟿, 胃伪 渭伪蟼 蟺蟻慰魏伪位苇蟽蔚喂 纬喂伪 谓伪 尾蟻慰蠉渭蔚 蟿畏谓 畏胃喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 伪蟻蠂苇蟼 渭伪蟼 伪蟺苇谓伪谓蟿喂 蟽蟿畏谓 蠀蟺苇蟻蟿伪蟿畏 维蟻谓畏蟽萎 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螤慰位位慰委 伪蟺蠈 蔚渭维蟼 苇蠂慰蠀谓 蟽蠀蠂谓维 伪谓伪蟻蠅蟿畏胃蔚委 蟺蠋蟼 苇谓伪蟼 魏伪胃畏渭蔚蟻喂谓蠈蟼 渭苇蟽慰蟼 螕蔚蟻渭伪谓蠈蟼 渭蟺蠈蟻蔚蟽蔚 谓伪 渭蔚蟿伪蟿蟻伪蟺蔚委 蟽蔚 纬蟻伪谓维味喂 蟿畏蟼 渭畏蠂伪谓萎蟼 胃伪谓维蟿慰蠀 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 未委谓蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉萎纬畏蟽畏.
960 pages, Paperback
First published August 21, 2006
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About the author
Jonathan Littell
28听books399听followersA bi-lingual (English / French) writer living in Barcelona. He is a dual citizen of the United States and France and is of Jewish background. His first novel written in French,
Les Bienveillantes
, won two major French awards.
His father is the writer Robert Littell, also resident in France and who authored numerous spy novels.
His father is the writer Robert Littell, also resident in France and who authored numerous spy novels.
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February 12, 2025
The Kindly Ones is an unsentimental journey to the darkest side of the human history.
Fascism turned the Germany into a factory of death鈥� And every factory must have an effective technology鈥� So any technology must be perfected and the technology of murder as well.
The novel is an uncompromising story of fascism 鈥� starting with its bloodthirsty snarl at humanity and ending with its agony and rigor mortis. Ideology can pitilessly transform an ordinary man into a killing machine and use it until this machine breaks.
But even in such inhumanly perfect society as fascist state there are corruption, intrigues, hatred and fear and they keep destroying the power from within. And the rest of humankind started destroying fascism from without.
War is a most atrocious evil and it is capable to lower human being to the primordial animal state so humans become monsters, beasts and cattle.
Fascism turned the Germany into a factory of death鈥� And every factory must have an effective technology鈥� So any technology must be perfected and the technology of murder as well.
Killing was a terrible thing; the reaction of the officers was a good proof of that, even if they didn鈥檛 all draw the consequences of their own reactions; and the man for whom killing was not a terrible thing, killing an armed man as well as an unarmed man, and an unarmed man as well as a woman and her child, was nothing but an animal, unworthy of belonging to a community of men. But it was possible that this terrible thing was also a necessary thing; and in that case we had to submit to this necessity. Our propaganda repeated over and over again that the Russians were Untermenschen, sub-humans; but I refused to believe that.
The novel is an uncompromising story of fascism 鈥� starting with its bloodthirsty snarl at humanity and ending with its agony and rigor mortis. Ideology can pitilessly transform an ordinary man into a killing machine and use it until this machine breaks.
But even in such inhumanly perfect society as fascist state there are corruption, intrigues, hatred and fear and they keep destroying the power from within. And the rest of humankind started destroying fascism from without.
鈥淪o what鈥檚 the most atrocious thing you鈥檝e seen?鈥� He waved his hand: 鈥淢an, of course!鈥濃€斺€淚 meant medically.鈥濃€斺€淢edically, atrocious things don鈥檛 interest me in the least. On the other hand one does see extraordinary curiosities, which completely revise our notions of what our poor bodies can endure.鈥濃€斺€淲hat, for example?鈥濃€斺€淲ell, a man will catch a tiny piece of shrapnel in the calf that will slice through the peroneal artery and he鈥檒l die in two minutes, still standing, his blood emptied into his boot without his noticing. Yet another man might take a bullet through the head, from one temple to the other, and will get up on his own to walk to the first-aid post.鈥濃€斺€淲hat an insignificant thing we are,鈥� I commented.鈥斺€淧recisely.鈥�
War is a most atrocious evil and it is capable to lower human being to the primordial animal state so humans become monsters, beasts and cattle.
August 23, 2024
鈥淧lease, mein Herr, shoot the children cleanly.鈥�
鈥� Jonathan Littell, The Kindly Ones
Such a fiercely compelling novel, one of the most evil stories ever told. I had to listen to the audio book while taking my walks and let all the evil from the novel run down my legs and out the bottom of my feet; so much evil, thus my initial reluctance to write a review and highly recommend. However, the writing is excellent and the insights on human nature, history and culture numerous.
The first-person narrator starts his story by telling us nowadays his head begins to rage with the roar of a crematorium, that when he is at a bar he pictures someone entering with a shotgun and blasting away; that when he is watching a film in a theater he imagines a live grenade under the seats; that when he is among dozens of happy families on a pleasant Sunday afternoon attending a festival in the town square he sees a car filled with explosives blowing up, turning the festivities into unending carnage, blood and guts everywhere, groan, screams, pitiful cries filling the air and then a long harrowing silence and emptiness for the survivors.
Such are his thoughts since, as he also tells us, he is a veritable memory machine, unceasingly manufacturing memories whenever he has the time to think. Thus, he discovers when he once took a leave-of-absence from his responsibilities as manager of a lace factory, he can鈥檛 be left alone too long to think.
So, Little鈥檚 novel has Maximilien Aue recounting memories in the spaces between his normal round of work and family, recounting memories as a man in his mid-fifties currently living in 1970s France. And what is the focus of his memories? Back when he was a young man, an Untersturmf眉hrer, that is, a Nazi SS Lieutenant living through the bitter cold and mass killings at the Russian Front, the slaughter of the concentration camps, the murders he committed with both his own pistol or his own hands, the perversions of his personal life and violence of his family life, all recounted and reported in chilling detail, in a narrative voice unflinchingly calculating and as cold and as hard as steel, say the steel of an abandoned tank in subzero January. As a good number of readers have remarked once finishing this thousand pager, not an easy read, in many respects, a downright harrowing and horrifying read. Once read, never forgotten.
Rather than the killings, slaughter, perversions and other violations of humanity in Max鈥檚 waking life, I will synopsize four of the Nazi SS officer鈥檚 vivid, intense dreams:
ONE: Max is on a high cliff watching a procession of gondolas glide down a river, he clearly sees his gorgeous identical twin sister sitting cross-legged, her long flowing black hair falling over her perfectly shaped breasts. (Sidebar: in real life Max is sexual infatuated and romantically in love with Una, his identical twin sister). Max shouts her name many times. She raises her head and their eyes meet. At this point Max feels violent stomach cramps, undoes his pants and squats down, but instead of shit, real live bees, spiders and scorpions gush out his anus. He screams out and then turns his head and sees identical twin young boys staring at him in silence.
TWO: Max is gliding at different levels high up in the sky looking down, almost more like a camera than a human, looking down at a huge city set out on a uniform grid, seeing thousands and thousands of blue-eyed men and women and children, faceless, moving mechanically through birth, growth, adulthood and death creating a perfect equilibrium which reminds Max of what an ideal concentration camp would be like.
THREE: In a dark bedroom Max sees a tall beautiful woman in a long white dress. He recognizes the woman is his sister. She suffers uncontrollable convulsions and diarrhea, black shit oozes through her white dress causing Max to experience great disgust and nausea.
FOUR: Max exchanges cloths with his sister Una, he putting on her dress, she putting on his uniform. He sits in her chair at her dressing table and then Una carefully makes up his face, combing his hair, applying lipstick. Una then straps on an ebony phallus. After an intense session of intertwining like snakes, Max rests on the floor and says he is her sister and she is her brother to which Una replies that you are my sister and I am your brother.
Of course, we could envision what a psychoanalyst, either a Freudian or a Jungian or an analyst from any other school would make of Max鈥檚 dreams. Let me simply conclude by saying that anybody wishing to read this novel must be prepared for the many more brutal, cruel and murderous scenes of Max鈥檚 waking life, reminding me of the hell scenes of the artist Hieronymus Bosch . Again, one of the most evil tales ever told.
July 4, 2018
Lugging this gigantic book around, from Omaha to Minneapolis to Dubai to Chicago back to Omaha, I began to question why I was reading it. It's nearly a thousand pages long; it's poorly translated; it was apparently edited by a monkey dying of Ebola; it has paragraphs that run on for pages, and pages, and pages; for some reason, there is no indentation for dialogue, so you're left guessing which indistinguishable character is saying which facile/stilted/cliched/boring thing; the translation is imprecise; and the overuse of the semicolon is rampant.
In the end, the unasked question - why are you reading this? - is answered by a phrase provided me by the US Supreme Court's case-law on obscenity: it appealed to my "prurient interest."
The Kindly Ones is an ambitious wreck. It's a hot mess, but with aspirations. (It's opening line - "Oh my human brothers, let me tell you how it happened" - smacks of Homer). Indeed, right up until the penultimate chapter, I was halfway enjoying it. The novel, told in first person my SS officer Maximilien Aue, attempts to encompass the whole horror of the Holocaust. Like a sadistic, bloodstained Forrest Gump, Aue bounces from einsatz aktions in the Caucuses (there is a grim depiction of the massacre at Babi Yar), to the winter hell of Stalingrad, to the concentration camps of Auschwitz, and finally to Hitler's bunker and the twilight of the gods.
I heard of this book by way of its controversy. It was a big hit in France, which should forever lay to rest any lingering belief that the French know anything about art. Here in America, it was severely panned by none other than Michiko Kakutani. When she described its unsavory elements - murder, incest, sodomy, unrelenting gore - I knew I had to purchase this work immediately.
At first, through about 850 pages, I thought the controversy was a whole lot of nothing. Yes, there were some graphic passages, especially dealing with the einsatzkommandos slaughtering thousands of Jews and other undesirables by firing squad. Yet this is what good historical fiction does: it takes us to that place in time. In this instance, that place and time is unimaginably dark, but that doesn't mean that some light shouldn't be shed. I thought the recreation of the Belorussian slaughter was powerful. I also thought there were some clever moments, as when Aue meets a Caucasian peasant who has been gifted with the ability to have all memories at once. The peasant leads Aue to the mountain summit where Aue is supposed to kill him. For the most part, though, the book was - and I hate to say the word - dull. Hannah Arendt was right: evil is banal.
The book is filled with non-characters. There are names - a veritable who's who of Nazi Germany, with cameos by Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, Speer, Eichmann, and Mengele. For the most part, though, they remain names, an undifferentiated mass. There is an fascinating bit, here and there, such as a dinner party with Eichmann, or a grouse hunt with Speer, but they are lost in a sea of never-ending crap prose. There are lengthy, turgid passages on Caucasian languages, and a dense, meandering conversation about the similarities between Bolshevism and Fascism. Also, there are endless mentions of poop. Its smell; Aue's need to evacuate his bowels; detailed descriptions of said evacuation, etc. I've never been exposed to such scatological descriptions, and hope never to be again.
Still, nothing too loopy. Sure, Aue is in love with his twin sister, with whom he had an incestuous relationship, but this dark angle is not dwelt upon (in relation to how much Aue dwells on poop). And he also may-or-may-not have killed his mother, but this is just soap-drama. I started to think that Michiko might have been wrong. Where is the sick, depraved stuff that lured me in (and just to editorialize a little, I feel that many of these book reviews are very regressive when it comes to sexuality; just because Aue is a homosexual does not make him "deviant"; there is an underlying whiff of homophobia in many of the pans I've read).
Then, at page 865, I came to that chapter. Suffice it to say, it involves a lot of auto-asphyxiation, masturbation, and defecation. I could've done without that. Moreover, this all occurs while the Russians are encircling Berlin. With the whole nation collapses, Aue manages to get vacation time so he can spend some time with himself. That stretches credulity.
In fact, the whole endgame of this enormous book is terrible. Everything falls apart. There isn't a single believable instance (Anthony Beevor, I'm surprised at you for suggesting this book!) It's not just that Aue is led to Hitler's bunker and does something completely ridiculous, it's that in the final pages, all the main characters somehow meet each other. Really? The Russians are pouring into the city, bombs are bursting, mortar rounds are exploding, buildings are burning, bullets are whistling, yet everyone manages to come together for a final, bloody denouement.
This utter collapse - the same malady affecting The Dark Knight - really ruined things for me. For as I said, up till that time, this book has a lot of interesting things to offer. There are vivid, nightmarish descriptions that would make Dante proud. There is a strangely beautiful, ghastly scene in which Aue goes swimming in the Volga outside Stalingrad:
There are parts of this book that reminded me of the sweep of Herman Wouk's The Winds of War and War and Remembrance, if those great books had been written by Cormac McCarthy. Then there are parts of this book that remind me of Team America: World Police.
It's an interesting book, and I mean "interesting" in the Confucian sense. There are incredible moments, some of which I've mentioned, others I can only note in passing, such as gripping scenes set during the bombing of Berlin. There are moments of pure inanity, as Aue - a self-righteous, pretentious, preening gasbag - holds forth on various topics in his grating, solipsistic manner (the tragedy of Aue not being able to fornicate with his sister tends to pale next to the murder of 6 million Jews). Then there are moments of sheer weirdness, such as a dream sequence in which Rudolf Hoess, commandant of Auschwitz, masturbates next to Aue's bed. I don't know why, though perhaps this could be a thesis topic if I ever go for my PhD in English.
I guess the best praise I can give this book is that it got a reaction from me. Which ain't nothing.
In the end, the unasked question - why are you reading this? - is answered by a phrase provided me by the US Supreme Court's case-law on obscenity: it appealed to my "prurient interest."
The Kindly Ones is an ambitious wreck. It's a hot mess, but with aspirations. (It's opening line - "Oh my human brothers, let me tell you how it happened" - smacks of Homer). Indeed, right up until the penultimate chapter, I was halfway enjoying it. The novel, told in first person my SS officer Maximilien Aue, attempts to encompass the whole horror of the Holocaust. Like a sadistic, bloodstained Forrest Gump, Aue bounces from einsatz aktions in the Caucuses (there is a grim depiction of the massacre at Babi Yar), to the winter hell of Stalingrad, to the concentration camps of Auschwitz, and finally to Hitler's bunker and the twilight of the gods.
I heard of this book by way of its controversy. It was a big hit in France, which should forever lay to rest any lingering belief that the French know anything about art. Here in America, it was severely panned by none other than Michiko Kakutani. When she described its unsavory elements - murder, incest, sodomy, unrelenting gore - I knew I had to purchase this work immediately.
At first, through about 850 pages, I thought the controversy was a whole lot of nothing. Yes, there were some graphic passages, especially dealing with the einsatzkommandos slaughtering thousands of Jews and other undesirables by firing squad. Yet this is what good historical fiction does: it takes us to that place in time. In this instance, that place and time is unimaginably dark, but that doesn't mean that some light shouldn't be shed. I thought the recreation of the Belorussian slaughter was powerful. I also thought there were some clever moments, as when Aue meets a Caucasian peasant who has been gifted with the ability to have all memories at once. The peasant leads Aue to the mountain summit where Aue is supposed to kill him. For the most part, though, the book was - and I hate to say the word - dull. Hannah Arendt was right: evil is banal.
The book is filled with non-characters. There are names - a veritable who's who of Nazi Germany, with cameos by Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, Speer, Eichmann, and Mengele. For the most part, though, they remain names, an undifferentiated mass. There is an fascinating bit, here and there, such as a dinner party with Eichmann, or a grouse hunt with Speer, but they are lost in a sea of never-ending crap prose. There are lengthy, turgid passages on Caucasian languages, and a dense, meandering conversation about the similarities between Bolshevism and Fascism. Also, there are endless mentions of poop. Its smell; Aue's need to evacuate his bowels; detailed descriptions of said evacuation, etc. I've never been exposed to such scatological descriptions, and hope never to be again.
Still, nothing too loopy. Sure, Aue is in love with his twin sister, with whom he had an incestuous relationship, but this dark angle is not dwelt upon (in relation to how much Aue dwells on poop). And he also may-or-may-not have killed his mother, but this is just soap-drama. I started to think that Michiko might have been wrong. Where is the sick, depraved stuff that lured me in (and just to editorialize a little, I feel that many of these book reviews are very regressive when it comes to sexuality; just because Aue is a homosexual does not make him "deviant"; there is an underlying whiff of homophobia in many of the pans I've read).
Then, at page 865, I came to that chapter. Suffice it to say, it involves a lot of auto-asphyxiation, masturbation, and defecation. I could've done without that. Moreover, this all occurs while the Russians are encircling Berlin. With the whole nation collapses, Aue manages to get vacation time so he can spend some time with himself. That stretches credulity.
In fact, the whole endgame of this enormous book is terrible. Everything falls apart. There isn't a single believable instance (Anthony Beevor, I'm surprised at you for suggesting this book!) It's not just that Aue is led to Hitler's bunker and does something completely ridiculous, it's that in the final pages, all the main characters somehow meet each other. Really? The Russians are pouring into the city, bombs are bursting, mortar rounds are exploding, buildings are burning, bullets are whistling, yet everyone manages to come together for a final, bloody denouement.
This utter collapse - the same malady affecting The Dark Knight - really ruined things for me. For as I said, up till that time, this book has a lot of interesting things to offer. There are vivid, nightmarish descriptions that would make Dante proud. There is a strangely beautiful, ghastly scene in which Aue goes swimming in the Volga outside Stalingrad:
The swift current created whirlpools that soon carried me away under the ice. All kinds of things were passing by me, which I could clearly make out in this green water: horses whose feet the current was moving as if they were galloping, fat and almost flat fish, bottom-feeders, Russian corpses with swollen faces, entwined in their curious brown capes...Above me, the ice formed an opaque screen, but the air lasted in my lungs, I wasn't worried and kept swimming, passing sunken barges full of handsome young men sitting in rows, their weapons still in their hands, little fish threading through their hair agitated by the current. Then slowly in front of me the water grew lighter, columns of green light plunged down from holes in the ice, became a forest, then melded into each other as the blocks of ice drifted farther apart.
There are parts of this book that reminded me of the sweep of Herman Wouk's The Winds of War and War and Remembrance, if those great books had been written by Cormac McCarthy. Then there are parts of this book that remind me of Team America: World Police.
It's an interesting book, and I mean "interesting" in the Confucian sense. There are incredible moments, some of which I've mentioned, others I can only note in passing, such as gripping scenes set during the bombing of Berlin. There are moments of pure inanity, as Aue - a self-righteous, pretentious, preening gasbag - holds forth on various topics in his grating, solipsistic manner (the tragedy of Aue not being able to fornicate with his sister tends to pale next to the murder of 6 million Jews). Then there are moments of sheer weirdness, such as a dream sequence in which Rudolf Hoess, commandant of Auschwitz, masturbates next to Aue's bed. I don't know why, though perhaps this could be a thesis topic if I ever go for my PhD in English.
I guess the best praise I can give this book is that it got a reaction from me. Which ain't nothing.
December 4, 2022
Notes (since the book is unsummarizable)
1. Deeply transgressive novel that's Dovstvyeoskian in length and intellectual depth. I feel assailed by the book yet I keep on reading.
2. It reminds me a little of my emotional response while watching the World Trade Center collapse from my UWS rooftop. (In the days after, whenever a plane flew over, everyone would look up: "Oh, it's one of ours. . .")
3. The narrative often feels derived from post hoc historical considerations, but I suppose this is inevitable. For instance, the talk our Dr. Aue has with his friend Thomas about the possibility of the Wehrmacht failing to subdue Moscow before the winter. There鈥檚 a post-hoc feeling, too, when 厂迟耻谤尘产补苍苍蹿眉丑谤别谤 Blobel rants against the Wehrmacht鈥檚 efforts to distance themselves from the killing. Examples might be multiplied. So, I wonder, were these considerations undertaken by the Germans themselves during the war? But then isn鈥檛 this the problem with historical novels generally? Didn鈥檛 Tolstoy have to deal with it too?
4. Years ago I began reading widely on the Holocaust. So it's almost as if I can recognize the source material as I read. No doubt I am sometimes mistaken, but sometimes I think I've absolutely nailed it. Here are a few of my suspicions.
by Christopher Browning
by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen.
by Gitta Sereny
by Robert Jay Lifton
and by Richard Pipes
by Hannah Arendt
by Vasily Grossman (in the Stalingrad sections)
by Kurt Vonnegut
by Martin Amis
by Curzio Malaparte
by Rudolf H枚ss
by Niklas Frank.
by Gitta Sereny
etc.
5. The Einsatzgruppen鈥� death squads which entered Poland with the Wehrmacht in September 1939 鈥� found the direct killing of Jews too traumatic. This repulsion was one of the reasons why an industrialized killing process requiring less human involvement had to be devised, resulting in the lethal adaptations of Auschwitz and other camps. These 鈥渇actories鈥� however were not up and running until late 1941 at the earliest, and most of the mass killing 鈥� gassing鈥� began in 1942.
鈥淎s the weeks went by, the officers acquired experience, and the soldiers got used to the procedures; at the same time, one could see that everyone was searching for his place in all this, thinking about what was happening, each in his own way. At table, at night, the men discussed the actions, told anecdotes, and compared their experiences, some sadly, others cheerfully. Still others were silent; they were the ones who had to be watched. We had already had two suicides; and one night, a man woke up emptying his rifle into the ceiling, he had to be held down by force, and a noncom had almost been killed. Some reacted with brutality, sometimes sadism: they struck at the condemned, tormented them before making them die; the officers tried to control these outbursts, but it was difficult, there were excesses. Very often our men photographed the executions; in their quarters, they exchanged their photos for tobacco, or stuck them to the wall - anyone could order prints of them. We knew, through the military censors, that many of them sent these photos to their families in Germany; some even made little albums of them, with captions: this phenomenon worried the hierarchy but seemed impossible to control. Even the officers were losing their grip. Once, while the Jews were digging, I surprised [SS officer] Bohr singing: 鈥楾he earth is cold, the earth is sweet, dig, little Jew, dig deep.鈥� The Dolmetscher was translating; it shocked me deeply. I had known Bohr for some time now, he was a normal man, he had no particular animosity against the Jews, he did his duty as he was told; but obviously, it was eating at him, he wasn't reacting well. Of course there were [also] some genuine anti-Semites in the Kommando.鈥� (p. 88-89)
6. The author evinces a deep knowledge of the units and divisions and legions of the Wehrmacht and the SS, the place names, terrain, equipment, ranks (Hauptscharf眉hrer, Obersturmf眉hrer etc.), not to mention some of the many German euphemisms for killing. My favorites are Sonderbehandlung or special treatment (gassing), and Aktion or bloody massacre. Victor Klemperer wrote an entire book about such Nazi euphemisms; it鈥檚 called .
7. The author was about 38 when the novel was published by Gallimard in French, though he鈥檚 American and a Yale grad. One wonders in what way his father鈥檚 many novels of espionage 鈥� , , etc. 鈥� were influential. The father was publishing in the 1970s when the author was in short pants. How fortunate such a dad must have been for the author's development. I am reminded of other literary fathers & sons, 鈥� a relatively rare phenomenon 鈥� & ; etc.
8. Dr. Aue鈥檚 speech about the ancient rituals of homosexuality is both preposterously long and clearly an evocation of . It cleverly seeks to provide his handsome young friend, whom he meets on leave in Crimea, with something like a National Socialist basis for homosexual behavior.
"鈥橝fter the thirteenth of June,鈥� I went on, 鈥榳hen it turned out that many of R枚hm's accomplices, like Heine鈥檚, were also his lovers, the F眉hrer was afraid that the homosexuals might form a State within a State, a secret organization, like the Jews, which would pursue its own interests and not the interests of the Volk, an Order of the Third Sex, like our Black Order. That's what was behind the denunciations. [鈥淭he Night of Long Knives鈥漖 But it's a political problem, not an ideological one. From a truly National Socialist point of view, you could on the contrary regard brotherly love as the real cement of a warlike, creative Volksgemeinschaft. . .' 鈥� 鈥榊es, but still! Homosexuals are effeminate, men-women as you said. How do you think a State could tolerate men that are unfit to be soldiers?鈥� 鈥� 鈥榊ou're wrong. It's a false notion that contrasts the virile soldier with the effeminate invert. That type of man does exist, of course, but he's a modern product of the corruption and degeneration of our cities, Jews or Jewified men still caught in the clutches of priests or ministers. Historically, the best soldiers, the elite soldiers, have always loved other men. They kept women, to watch over their household and give them children, but reserved all their emotions for their comrades. Look at Alexander! And Frederick the Great, even if no one wants to acknowledge it, was the same. The Greeks even drew a military principle from it: in Thebes, they created the Sacred Band, an army of three hundred men that was the most famous of its time. The men fought as couples, each man with his lover. . . .鈥欌€� (p. 197)
(See James Romm鈥檚 .)
9. In my view, the book doesn鈥檛 take off until page 291. It鈥檚 the winter of 1941-42 and the narrator and his fellow officers are 450 miles south of Stalingrad, in the Caucasus Mountains, distracting themselves with 鈥淲ho鈥檚 the Jew?鈥� Here鈥檚 a portion of the discussion:
"鈥楩rom the Abwehr's standpoint,鈥� von Gilsa explained, 鈥榠t's a purely objective question of the security of the rear areas. If these Bergjuden cause disturbances, hide saboteurs, or help partisans, then we have to treat them like any enemy group. But if they keep quiet, there's no reason to provoke the other tribes by comprehensive repressive measures.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楩or my part," Br盲utigam said in his slightly nasal voice, 鈥業 think we have to consider the internal relations of the Caucasian peoples as a whole. Do the mountain tribes regard these Bergjuden as belonging to them, or do they reject them as 贵谤别尘诲办枚谤辫别谤 [foreigners]? The fact that Herr Shadov intervened so vigorously in itself pleads in their favor.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楬err Shadov may have, let's say, political reasons that we don't understand,鈥� Bierkamp suggested. 鈥業 agree with Dr. Br盲utigam's premises, even if I cannot accept the conclusion he draws from them.鈥� He read some extracts from my [narrator Aue鈥檚] report, concentrating on the opinion of the Wannsee Institute. 鈥楾his,鈥� he added, 鈥榮eems confirmed by all the reports of our Kommandos in the theater of operations of Army Group A. These reports show us that dislike of the Jews is general. The Aktions against the Jews 鈥� such as dismissals from public offices, yellow star, forced labor 鈥� all meet with full understanding from the general population and are heartily welcomed. Significant voices within the population even find actions so far against the Jews insufficient and demand more determined actions.鈥� 鈥� 鈥榊ou are quite right when it comes to the recently settled Russian Jews,鈥� Br盲utigam retorted. 鈥楤ut we don't have the impression that this attitude extends to the so-called Bergjuden, whose presence dates back several centuries at least." He turned to K枚string: 鈥業 have here a copy of a communication to the Ausw盲rtiges Amt from Professor Eiler. According to him, the Bergjuden are of Caucasian, Iranian, and Afghan descent and are not Jews, even if they have adopted the Mosaic religion.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楨xcuse me,鈥� said Noeth, the Abwehr officer from the OKHG, 鈥榖ut where did they receive the Jewish religion from, then?鈥� 鈥� 鈥楾hat's not clear,鈥� Br盲utigam replied鈥�.鈥欌€� (p.295-96)
The subject, historiography perverted for genocidal ends, has been explored elsewhere, but to my knowledge its treatment has not been equalled in fiction.
10. The virtues of narrative 鈥� continuity, catharsis, closure etc鈥� are things that the Holocaust does not possess. The book abounds in the pleasures of storytelling; it鈥檚 masterly. There鈥檚 an account of famished soldiers dying in Stalingrad that鈥檚 terribly sad. Does it humanize the Einsatzgruppen, too? I鈥檓 afraid it does. No doubt this is what director Claude Lanzmann meant when he criticised the novel. Are the pleasures of narrative misplaced in such a story? Someone said, after Auschwitz to write a poem is barbaric. That鈥檚 a noble view. But, there is poetry, there is art.
11. In the Stalingrad kessel 鈥� a few days before General Paulus's surrender to the Red Army 鈥� Dr Aue, feverish and lice-ridden, begins to ramble; his narration soon turns phantasmagorical.
"I was walking on the Volga . . . . In front of me, a dark hole opened up in the ice, quite wide, probably pierced by a high-caliber shell that had fallen short. . . . I dove in. The water was clear and welcoming, a maternal kind of warmth. The swift current created whirlpools that soon carried me away under the ice. All kinds of things were passing by me, which I could clearly make out in this green water: horses whose feet the current was moving as if they were galloping, fat and almost flat fish, bottom-feeders, Russian corpses with swollen faces, entwined in their curious brown capes, pieces of clothing and uniforms, tattered flags floating on their poles, a wagon wheel that, probably soaked in oil, was still burning as it swirled beneath the water. . . Above me, the ice formed an opaque screen, but the air lasted in my lungs, I wasn't worried and kept swimming, passing sunken barges full of handsome young men sitting in rows, their weapons still in their hands, little fish threading through their hair agitated by the current. Then slowly in front of me the water grew lighter, columns of green light plunged down from holes in the ice, became a forest, then melded into each other as the blocks of ice drifted farther apart. I finally rose back to the surface to regain my breath. . . . Upriver, to my left, a Russian ship was drifting in the current, lying on its side, gently burning. Despite the sun, a few large flakes of luminous snow were falling, which lay hidden as soon as they touched the water. Paddling with my hands, I turned around: the city, stretched all along the shore, lay hidden behind a thick curtain of black smoke. Above my head, seagulls were reeling and shrieking, looking at me curiously, or possibly calculatingly, then flying off to perch on a block of ice; the sea was still far away, though . . . ." (p. 415-416)
And then it corkscrews into something close to slapstick. Dr Aue comes out onto the far side of the Volga where he sees a dirigible aloft and walks toward it. Soon uniformed men without military insignia accompany him aloft in a kind of balloonist's basket to meet a mad doctor (foreshadowing Auschwitz) whom he interviews then has to escape by climbing a ladder, running across the dirigible's convex surface chased by thugs with guns, before parachuting to safety.
12. Many historical figures appear. Heinrich Himmler, Adolf Eichmann, Rudolf H枚ss (see ), Odilo Globocnik, Josef Mengele, Albert Speer (see ), and Hitler himself, batshit in the F眉hrerbunker. When Aue travels to Occupied Paris in the center of the book he meets old pro-Nazi friends again like Robert Brasillach, Lucien Rebatet, Charles Maurras, and is newly introduced to another rabid antisemite, Louis-Ferdinand Destouches (). All the names but Celine's I had to look up. Moreover, Dr. Aue walks insouciantly around Paris. He's on convalescent leave and primarily concerned with his next posting. He's a careerist.
13. Meanwhile a hideous extermination is taking place in Poland. This is the background to Aue's days. While cracking jokes with his friend Thomas, dining out, "having my ass drilled by unknown boys," (p. 763) taking his twin sister to Potsdam, seeking a new post, while all this and more transpires 鈥� 6 million Jews are executed. Goldhagen called it "eliminationist anti-semitism." Eleven million if we include the Roma, "asocials," homosexuals, and 3 million Soviet POWs who were starved to death in open camps.
14. There's a twins motif. Dr. Aue and his sister, Una, are twins. When he goes to visit his mother in Italy, she is watching the children of friends, twins who can't be told apart. I think the image has popped up about five or six times. This might make it convenient for Aue when he visits Auschwitz, where Dr. Mengele performed infamous pseudo-scientific experiments on twins, causing enormous pain and death. See Robert Jay Lifton's .
15. A great enigma is the tussle within the SS between those who want to exterminate the Jews, and those who wish to employ them as slaves. It's interesting to see dramatized a conflict that some scholars have blamed for Germany's loss of the war, since it diverted essential investment from a commitment to so called total war. They couldn't work the prisoners as slaves because they were too intent upon killing them. In this sense, they were shooting themselves in the foot. Here's the fundamental argument: Eichmann wants to kill the Jews, and Aue wants war production out of them.
"'You know, Obersturmbannf眉hrer [Eichmann],' [Aue] replied evenly, 'in 1941 we had the most modern army in the world. Now we've gone almost half a century back. All our transports at the front are driven by horses. The Russians are advancing in American Studebakers. And in the United States, millions of men and women are building those trucks day and night. And they're also building ships to transport them. Our experts confirm that they're producing a cargo ship a day. That's many more than our submarines could sink, if our submarines still dared to go out. Now we're in a war of attrition. But our enemies aren't suffering from attrition. Everything we destroy is replaced, right away, the hundred aircraft we shot down this week are already being replaced. Whereas with us, our losses in materiel aren't made good, except maybe for the tanks, if that.' Eichmann puffed himself out: 'You're in a defeatist mood tonight!' . . . 'I'm not a defeatist,' I retorted. 'I'm a realist. You have to see where our interests lie.' But Eichmann, a little drunk, refused to be logical: 'You reason like a capitalist, a materialist ... This war isn't a question of interests. If it were just a question of interests, we'd never have attacked Russia.' I wasn't following him anymore, he seemed to be on a completely different tack, but he didn't stop, he pursued the leaps of his thinking. 'Were not waging war so that every German can have a refrigerator and a radio. Were waging war to unify Germany, to create a Germany in which you'd want to live. You think my brother Helmut was killed for a refrigerator? Did you fight at Stalingrad for a refrigerator?' I shrugged, smiling: in this state, there wasn't any point in talking to him." (p. 767)
16. Himmler, declaring the "Jewish Question" solved, orders Auschwitz shut in October 1944. Subsequently attempts were made to demolish it. Dr Aue's account of the Death Marches rings true, but not his involvement in them. Not his running about trying to secure food and clothing for the exhausted inmates or trying to stop the killing of those who can't walk.
1. Deeply transgressive novel that's Dovstvyeoskian in length and intellectual depth. I feel assailed by the book yet I keep on reading.
2. It reminds me a little of my emotional response while watching the World Trade Center collapse from my UWS rooftop. (In the days after, whenever a plane flew over, everyone would look up: "Oh, it's one of ours. . .")
3. The narrative often feels derived from post hoc historical considerations, but I suppose this is inevitable. For instance, the talk our Dr. Aue has with his friend Thomas about the possibility of the Wehrmacht failing to subdue Moscow before the winter. There鈥檚 a post-hoc feeling, too, when 厂迟耻谤尘产补苍苍蹿眉丑谤别谤 Blobel rants against the Wehrmacht鈥檚 efforts to distance themselves from the killing. Examples might be multiplied. So, I wonder, were these considerations undertaken by the Germans themselves during the war? But then isn鈥檛 this the problem with historical novels generally? Didn鈥檛 Tolstoy have to deal with it too?
4. Years ago I began reading widely on the Holocaust. So it's almost as if I can recognize the source material as I read. No doubt I am sometimes mistaken, but sometimes I think I've absolutely nailed it. Here are a few of my suspicions.
by Christopher Browning
by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen.
by Gitta Sereny
by Robert Jay Lifton
and by Richard Pipes
by Hannah Arendt
by Vasily Grossman (in the Stalingrad sections)
by Kurt Vonnegut
by Martin Amis
by Curzio Malaparte
by Rudolf H枚ss
by Niklas Frank.
by Gitta Sereny
etc.
5. The Einsatzgruppen鈥� death squads which entered Poland with the Wehrmacht in September 1939 鈥� found the direct killing of Jews too traumatic. This repulsion was one of the reasons why an industrialized killing process requiring less human involvement had to be devised, resulting in the lethal adaptations of Auschwitz and other camps. These 鈥渇actories鈥� however were not up and running until late 1941 at the earliest, and most of the mass killing 鈥� gassing鈥� began in 1942.
鈥淎s the weeks went by, the officers acquired experience, and the soldiers got used to the procedures; at the same time, one could see that everyone was searching for his place in all this, thinking about what was happening, each in his own way. At table, at night, the men discussed the actions, told anecdotes, and compared their experiences, some sadly, others cheerfully. Still others were silent; they were the ones who had to be watched. We had already had two suicides; and one night, a man woke up emptying his rifle into the ceiling, he had to be held down by force, and a noncom had almost been killed. Some reacted with brutality, sometimes sadism: they struck at the condemned, tormented them before making them die; the officers tried to control these outbursts, but it was difficult, there were excesses. Very often our men photographed the executions; in their quarters, they exchanged their photos for tobacco, or stuck them to the wall - anyone could order prints of them. We knew, through the military censors, that many of them sent these photos to their families in Germany; some even made little albums of them, with captions: this phenomenon worried the hierarchy but seemed impossible to control. Even the officers were losing their grip. Once, while the Jews were digging, I surprised [SS officer] Bohr singing: 鈥楾he earth is cold, the earth is sweet, dig, little Jew, dig deep.鈥� The Dolmetscher was translating; it shocked me deeply. I had known Bohr for some time now, he was a normal man, he had no particular animosity against the Jews, he did his duty as he was told; but obviously, it was eating at him, he wasn't reacting well. Of course there were [also] some genuine anti-Semites in the Kommando.鈥� (p. 88-89)
6. The author evinces a deep knowledge of the units and divisions and legions of the Wehrmacht and the SS, the place names, terrain, equipment, ranks (Hauptscharf眉hrer, Obersturmf眉hrer etc.), not to mention some of the many German euphemisms for killing. My favorites are Sonderbehandlung or special treatment (gassing), and Aktion or bloody massacre. Victor Klemperer wrote an entire book about such Nazi euphemisms; it鈥檚 called .
7. The author was about 38 when the novel was published by Gallimard in French, though he鈥檚 American and a Yale grad. One wonders in what way his father鈥檚 many novels of espionage 鈥� , , etc. 鈥� were influential. The father was publishing in the 1970s when the author was in short pants. How fortunate such a dad must have been for the author's development. I am reminded of other literary fathers & sons, 鈥� a relatively rare phenomenon 鈥� & ; etc.
8. Dr. Aue鈥檚 speech about the ancient rituals of homosexuality is both preposterously long and clearly an evocation of . It cleverly seeks to provide his handsome young friend, whom he meets on leave in Crimea, with something like a National Socialist basis for homosexual behavior.
"鈥橝fter the thirteenth of June,鈥� I went on, 鈥榳hen it turned out that many of R枚hm's accomplices, like Heine鈥檚, were also his lovers, the F眉hrer was afraid that the homosexuals might form a State within a State, a secret organization, like the Jews, which would pursue its own interests and not the interests of the Volk, an Order of the Third Sex, like our Black Order. That's what was behind the denunciations. [鈥淭he Night of Long Knives鈥漖 But it's a political problem, not an ideological one. From a truly National Socialist point of view, you could on the contrary regard brotherly love as the real cement of a warlike, creative Volksgemeinschaft. . .' 鈥� 鈥榊es, but still! Homosexuals are effeminate, men-women as you said. How do you think a State could tolerate men that are unfit to be soldiers?鈥� 鈥� 鈥榊ou're wrong. It's a false notion that contrasts the virile soldier with the effeminate invert. That type of man does exist, of course, but he's a modern product of the corruption and degeneration of our cities, Jews or Jewified men still caught in the clutches of priests or ministers. Historically, the best soldiers, the elite soldiers, have always loved other men. They kept women, to watch over their household and give them children, but reserved all their emotions for their comrades. Look at Alexander! And Frederick the Great, even if no one wants to acknowledge it, was the same. The Greeks even drew a military principle from it: in Thebes, they created the Sacred Band, an army of three hundred men that was the most famous of its time. The men fought as couples, each man with his lover. . . .鈥欌€� (p. 197)
(See James Romm鈥檚 .)
9. In my view, the book doesn鈥檛 take off until page 291. It鈥檚 the winter of 1941-42 and the narrator and his fellow officers are 450 miles south of Stalingrad, in the Caucasus Mountains, distracting themselves with 鈥淲ho鈥檚 the Jew?鈥� Here鈥檚 a portion of the discussion:
"鈥楩rom the Abwehr's standpoint,鈥� von Gilsa explained, 鈥榠t's a purely objective question of the security of the rear areas. If these Bergjuden cause disturbances, hide saboteurs, or help partisans, then we have to treat them like any enemy group. But if they keep quiet, there's no reason to provoke the other tribes by comprehensive repressive measures.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楩or my part," Br盲utigam said in his slightly nasal voice, 鈥業 think we have to consider the internal relations of the Caucasian peoples as a whole. Do the mountain tribes regard these Bergjuden as belonging to them, or do they reject them as 贵谤别尘诲办枚谤辫别谤 [foreigners]? The fact that Herr Shadov intervened so vigorously in itself pleads in their favor.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楬err Shadov may have, let's say, political reasons that we don't understand,鈥� Bierkamp suggested. 鈥業 agree with Dr. Br盲utigam's premises, even if I cannot accept the conclusion he draws from them.鈥� He read some extracts from my [narrator Aue鈥檚] report, concentrating on the opinion of the Wannsee Institute. 鈥楾his,鈥� he added, 鈥榮eems confirmed by all the reports of our Kommandos in the theater of operations of Army Group A. These reports show us that dislike of the Jews is general. The Aktions against the Jews 鈥� such as dismissals from public offices, yellow star, forced labor 鈥� all meet with full understanding from the general population and are heartily welcomed. Significant voices within the population even find actions so far against the Jews insufficient and demand more determined actions.鈥� 鈥� 鈥榊ou are quite right when it comes to the recently settled Russian Jews,鈥� Br盲utigam retorted. 鈥楤ut we don't have the impression that this attitude extends to the so-called Bergjuden, whose presence dates back several centuries at least." He turned to K枚string: 鈥業 have here a copy of a communication to the Ausw盲rtiges Amt from Professor Eiler. According to him, the Bergjuden are of Caucasian, Iranian, and Afghan descent and are not Jews, even if they have adopted the Mosaic religion.鈥� 鈥� 鈥楨xcuse me,鈥� said Noeth, the Abwehr officer from the OKHG, 鈥榖ut where did they receive the Jewish religion from, then?鈥� 鈥� 鈥楾hat's not clear,鈥� Br盲utigam replied鈥�.鈥欌€� (p.295-96)
The subject, historiography perverted for genocidal ends, has been explored elsewhere, but to my knowledge its treatment has not been equalled in fiction.
10. The virtues of narrative 鈥� continuity, catharsis, closure etc鈥� are things that the Holocaust does not possess. The book abounds in the pleasures of storytelling; it鈥檚 masterly. There鈥檚 an account of famished soldiers dying in Stalingrad that鈥檚 terribly sad. Does it humanize the Einsatzgruppen, too? I鈥檓 afraid it does. No doubt this is what director Claude Lanzmann meant when he criticised the novel. Are the pleasures of narrative misplaced in such a story? Someone said, after Auschwitz to write a poem is barbaric. That鈥檚 a noble view. But, there is poetry, there is art.
11. In the Stalingrad kessel 鈥� a few days before General Paulus's surrender to the Red Army 鈥� Dr Aue, feverish and lice-ridden, begins to ramble; his narration soon turns phantasmagorical.
"I was walking on the Volga . . . . In front of me, a dark hole opened up in the ice, quite wide, probably pierced by a high-caliber shell that had fallen short. . . . I dove in. The water was clear and welcoming, a maternal kind of warmth. The swift current created whirlpools that soon carried me away under the ice. All kinds of things were passing by me, which I could clearly make out in this green water: horses whose feet the current was moving as if they were galloping, fat and almost flat fish, bottom-feeders, Russian corpses with swollen faces, entwined in their curious brown capes, pieces of clothing and uniforms, tattered flags floating on their poles, a wagon wheel that, probably soaked in oil, was still burning as it swirled beneath the water. . . Above me, the ice formed an opaque screen, but the air lasted in my lungs, I wasn't worried and kept swimming, passing sunken barges full of handsome young men sitting in rows, their weapons still in their hands, little fish threading through their hair agitated by the current. Then slowly in front of me the water grew lighter, columns of green light plunged down from holes in the ice, became a forest, then melded into each other as the blocks of ice drifted farther apart. I finally rose back to the surface to regain my breath. . . . Upriver, to my left, a Russian ship was drifting in the current, lying on its side, gently burning. Despite the sun, a few large flakes of luminous snow were falling, which lay hidden as soon as they touched the water. Paddling with my hands, I turned around: the city, stretched all along the shore, lay hidden behind a thick curtain of black smoke. Above my head, seagulls were reeling and shrieking, looking at me curiously, or possibly calculatingly, then flying off to perch on a block of ice; the sea was still far away, though . . . ." (p. 415-416)
And then it corkscrews into something close to slapstick. Dr Aue comes out onto the far side of the Volga where he sees a dirigible aloft and walks toward it. Soon uniformed men without military insignia accompany him aloft in a kind of balloonist's basket to meet a mad doctor (foreshadowing Auschwitz) whom he interviews then has to escape by climbing a ladder, running across the dirigible's convex surface chased by thugs with guns, before parachuting to safety.
12. Many historical figures appear. Heinrich Himmler, Adolf Eichmann, Rudolf H枚ss (see ), Odilo Globocnik, Josef Mengele, Albert Speer (see ), and Hitler himself, batshit in the F眉hrerbunker. When Aue travels to Occupied Paris in the center of the book he meets old pro-Nazi friends again like Robert Brasillach, Lucien Rebatet, Charles Maurras, and is newly introduced to another rabid antisemite, Louis-Ferdinand Destouches (). All the names but Celine's I had to look up. Moreover, Dr. Aue walks insouciantly around Paris. He's on convalescent leave and primarily concerned with his next posting. He's a careerist.
13. Meanwhile a hideous extermination is taking place in Poland. This is the background to Aue's days. While cracking jokes with his friend Thomas, dining out, "having my ass drilled by unknown boys," (p. 763) taking his twin sister to Potsdam, seeking a new post, while all this and more transpires 鈥� 6 million Jews are executed. Goldhagen called it "eliminationist anti-semitism." Eleven million if we include the Roma, "asocials," homosexuals, and 3 million Soviet POWs who were starved to death in open camps.
14. There's a twins motif. Dr. Aue and his sister, Una, are twins. When he goes to visit his mother in Italy, she is watching the children of friends, twins who can't be told apart. I think the image has popped up about five or six times. This might make it convenient for Aue when he visits Auschwitz, where Dr. Mengele performed infamous pseudo-scientific experiments on twins, causing enormous pain and death. See Robert Jay Lifton's .
15. A great enigma is the tussle within the SS between those who want to exterminate the Jews, and those who wish to employ them as slaves. It's interesting to see dramatized a conflict that some scholars have blamed for Germany's loss of the war, since it diverted essential investment from a commitment to so called total war. They couldn't work the prisoners as slaves because they were too intent upon killing them. In this sense, they were shooting themselves in the foot. Here's the fundamental argument: Eichmann wants to kill the Jews, and Aue wants war production out of them.
"'You know, Obersturmbannf眉hrer [Eichmann],' [Aue] replied evenly, 'in 1941 we had the most modern army in the world. Now we've gone almost half a century back. All our transports at the front are driven by horses. The Russians are advancing in American Studebakers. And in the United States, millions of men and women are building those trucks day and night. And they're also building ships to transport them. Our experts confirm that they're producing a cargo ship a day. That's many more than our submarines could sink, if our submarines still dared to go out. Now we're in a war of attrition. But our enemies aren't suffering from attrition. Everything we destroy is replaced, right away, the hundred aircraft we shot down this week are already being replaced. Whereas with us, our losses in materiel aren't made good, except maybe for the tanks, if that.' Eichmann puffed himself out: 'You're in a defeatist mood tonight!' . . . 'I'm not a defeatist,' I retorted. 'I'm a realist. You have to see where our interests lie.' But Eichmann, a little drunk, refused to be logical: 'You reason like a capitalist, a materialist ... This war isn't a question of interests. If it were just a question of interests, we'd never have attacked Russia.' I wasn't following him anymore, he seemed to be on a completely different tack, but he didn't stop, he pursued the leaps of his thinking. 'Were not waging war so that every German can have a refrigerator and a radio. Were waging war to unify Germany, to create a Germany in which you'd want to live. You think my brother Helmut was killed for a refrigerator? Did you fight at Stalingrad for a refrigerator?' I shrugged, smiling: in this state, there wasn't any point in talking to him." (p. 767)
16. Himmler, declaring the "Jewish Question" solved, orders Auschwitz shut in October 1944. Subsequently attempts were made to demolish it. Dr Aue's account of the Death Marches rings true, but not his involvement in them. Not his running about trying to secure food and clothing for the exhausted inmates or trying to stop the killing of those who can't walk.
June 26, 2018
I felt like abandoning this just about every day. At times it irritated me, at others it bored me. My stubborn nature finally won out though and I ploughed through all its 975 pages.
It's always going to be an act of hubris to believe you can explain the Nazis. The Kindly Ones purports to offer an insight into the transformation of an ordinary young man into a Nazi monster. Early on, Max Aue, the narrator, an SS Obersturmbannf眉rher, makes a case that all of us might have done what the Germans did in their place, that we are mistaken to believe that what the Nazis did was some sort of unique phenomenon confined to Germans in the middle of the 20th century. First off, I'm not sure most of us do believe that. We might not believe the scale of the Nazi death machine could be repeated but racial hatred is still a political factor in modern life. Fervent nationalism, a disenfranchised underclass, an economic crisis and a handy racial scapegoat are the first prerequisites for a fascist state. Many countries are presently vulnerable. There are still plenty of potential Nazis in the world and probably always will be. Nor do I think most of us delude ourselves that we would have actively opposed the Nazis were we living under the terrifying close surveillance of the Gestapo. However, there's a big difference between, for example, turning a blind eye and zealously reporting anyone you don't like to the Gestapo; an even bigger difference between serving as a soldier in the regular army and executing naked women and children by the side of the ditches. The author however tells us all are equally culpable, that there's no difference between a member of the Einsatzgruppen and the railway worker who changed the tracks for the freight cars. With this logic the airline employees who sold the 9/11 terrorists their tickets were no less responsible for the deaths in the twin towers than the terrorists themselves. Of course, the Nazis held to a mantra of collective responsibility so, given our narrator is an unrepentant Nazi, we can perhaps forgive him his trite philosophising.
But seeing as Littell begins with this idea of collective responsibility you assume he will have as his narrator a kind of everyman who will bear his theory out that we are all potential Nazis. Before long though we find out our narrator's pivotal childhood memory is of engaging in anal sex with his twin sister at the age of twelve. I stopped here to ask myself how many people there are currently in the world who have known this experience. I concluded less probably than people born with three eyes. Max Hue is like some twisted adolescent fantasy character conceived after immersing oneself in the complete works of the Marquis De Sade. In fact, twisted sexuality is often a subplot, with the suspicion that the author is implying that Nazism was some kind of symptom of sexual deviation. Max Hue is a closet homosexual; he's also an intellectual and an aesthete. In other words, everything the Nazis loathe. He could hardly be less representative of a typical Nazi. I never once understood why the author chose to make his narrator so preposterously unbelievable. Probably the one thing he did do well for me was to delve into the dissociative ingenuity of the human brain. But dissociative identity disorder was an inevitable consequence of Nazi barbarity rather than, as Littell implies, its cause.
I could have got past this misgiving about the foundations of his central reasoning if the novel hadn't very quickly showed innumerable sins of crude artistry. Strip this book of its reportage, its non-fiction and what remains is a framework of gothic kitsch. A man as a child engages in anal sex with his twin sister, idolises his father for no apparent reason, later murders his mother and stepfather, is pursued throughout the war by a couple of preposterous Keystone cops who are still intent on bringing him to justice when the Russians are advancing down a neighbouring Berlin street. It's often like bad slapstick comedy which Littell perhaps acknowledges when, towards the end, his narrator takes a fervent dislike to Hitler's physiognomy and instead of accepting the medal from his f眉hrer sinks his teeth into Adolf's nose and then speculates why history has remained unaware of this event.
A whole section is devoted to Aue's sexual fantasies. In a novel of nearly a thousand pages the last thing we need is an endless repetitive cataloguing of all the ways Aue comes up with to desecrate his sister's home. He made his point and then went on making it for forty odd pages. Then there's the dialogue. The dialogue is consistently bad. Even straightforward exchanges are heavy-handed and bereft of fluidity. Often a character is drafted in with an encyclopaedic knowledge of a section's pertinent subject which allows Littell to write long unbroken treatises in the form of thoroughly unconvincing dialogue. There's the feeling the author wants to cram in absolutely everything he's read about the war. The most impressive thing about it for me was the quantity of research that went into its construction. But this is also one of its problems because with its endless lists of SS officials and departments it often reads like a non-fiction book with a kind of Forest Gump narrator who always manages to gatecrash every pivotal moment of Nazi history. There's little artistry in the way the research is fed into the novel. He's there at the Babi Yar massacres, he turns up at Auschwitz and, of course, he finally makes it to the Hitler bunker. Also, I often found its voyeurism more disturbing than the atrocities themselves. He's been accused of being a pornographer of violence and I'd agree with that and add to it, a pornographer of bodily functions.
Another massive problem is the punctuation. I don't think I've ever read a book with such shoddy punctuation. Paragraphs continue on for pages with little rhyme or reason. Sometimes sentences too.
At the end of the day you have to ask yourself how well did this novel succeed in its intention of providing an insight into the Nazi psyche? I'm afraid I didn't buy into Max Hue at all. At times you might say it's a brilliantly researched book of non-fiction; every time however the fiction in it asserts itself I kept feeling Littell is a long way from being a first rate novelist.
It's always going to be an act of hubris to believe you can explain the Nazis. The Kindly Ones purports to offer an insight into the transformation of an ordinary young man into a Nazi monster. Early on, Max Aue, the narrator, an SS Obersturmbannf眉rher, makes a case that all of us might have done what the Germans did in their place, that we are mistaken to believe that what the Nazis did was some sort of unique phenomenon confined to Germans in the middle of the 20th century. First off, I'm not sure most of us do believe that. We might not believe the scale of the Nazi death machine could be repeated but racial hatred is still a political factor in modern life. Fervent nationalism, a disenfranchised underclass, an economic crisis and a handy racial scapegoat are the first prerequisites for a fascist state. Many countries are presently vulnerable. There are still plenty of potential Nazis in the world and probably always will be. Nor do I think most of us delude ourselves that we would have actively opposed the Nazis were we living under the terrifying close surveillance of the Gestapo. However, there's a big difference between, for example, turning a blind eye and zealously reporting anyone you don't like to the Gestapo; an even bigger difference between serving as a soldier in the regular army and executing naked women and children by the side of the ditches. The author however tells us all are equally culpable, that there's no difference between a member of the Einsatzgruppen and the railway worker who changed the tracks for the freight cars. With this logic the airline employees who sold the 9/11 terrorists their tickets were no less responsible for the deaths in the twin towers than the terrorists themselves. Of course, the Nazis held to a mantra of collective responsibility so, given our narrator is an unrepentant Nazi, we can perhaps forgive him his trite philosophising.
But seeing as Littell begins with this idea of collective responsibility you assume he will have as his narrator a kind of everyman who will bear his theory out that we are all potential Nazis. Before long though we find out our narrator's pivotal childhood memory is of engaging in anal sex with his twin sister at the age of twelve. I stopped here to ask myself how many people there are currently in the world who have known this experience. I concluded less probably than people born with three eyes. Max Hue is like some twisted adolescent fantasy character conceived after immersing oneself in the complete works of the Marquis De Sade. In fact, twisted sexuality is often a subplot, with the suspicion that the author is implying that Nazism was some kind of symptom of sexual deviation. Max Hue is a closet homosexual; he's also an intellectual and an aesthete. In other words, everything the Nazis loathe. He could hardly be less representative of a typical Nazi. I never once understood why the author chose to make his narrator so preposterously unbelievable. Probably the one thing he did do well for me was to delve into the dissociative ingenuity of the human brain. But dissociative identity disorder was an inevitable consequence of Nazi barbarity rather than, as Littell implies, its cause.
I could have got past this misgiving about the foundations of his central reasoning if the novel hadn't very quickly showed innumerable sins of crude artistry. Strip this book of its reportage, its non-fiction and what remains is a framework of gothic kitsch. A man as a child engages in anal sex with his twin sister, idolises his father for no apparent reason, later murders his mother and stepfather, is pursued throughout the war by a couple of preposterous Keystone cops who are still intent on bringing him to justice when the Russians are advancing down a neighbouring Berlin street. It's often like bad slapstick comedy which Littell perhaps acknowledges when, towards the end, his narrator takes a fervent dislike to Hitler's physiognomy and instead of accepting the medal from his f眉hrer sinks his teeth into Adolf's nose and then speculates why history has remained unaware of this event.
A whole section is devoted to Aue's sexual fantasies. In a novel of nearly a thousand pages the last thing we need is an endless repetitive cataloguing of all the ways Aue comes up with to desecrate his sister's home. He made his point and then went on making it for forty odd pages. Then there's the dialogue. The dialogue is consistently bad. Even straightforward exchanges are heavy-handed and bereft of fluidity. Often a character is drafted in with an encyclopaedic knowledge of a section's pertinent subject which allows Littell to write long unbroken treatises in the form of thoroughly unconvincing dialogue. There's the feeling the author wants to cram in absolutely everything he's read about the war. The most impressive thing about it for me was the quantity of research that went into its construction. But this is also one of its problems because with its endless lists of SS officials and departments it often reads like a non-fiction book with a kind of Forest Gump narrator who always manages to gatecrash every pivotal moment of Nazi history. There's little artistry in the way the research is fed into the novel. He's there at the Babi Yar massacres, he turns up at Auschwitz and, of course, he finally makes it to the Hitler bunker. Also, I often found its voyeurism more disturbing than the atrocities themselves. He's been accused of being a pornographer of violence and I'd agree with that and add to it, a pornographer of bodily functions.
Another massive problem is the punctuation. I don't think I've ever read a book with such shoddy punctuation. Paragraphs continue on for pages with little rhyme or reason. Sometimes sentences too.
At the end of the day you have to ask yourself how well did this novel succeed in its intention of providing an insight into the Nazi psyche? I'm afraid I didn't buy into Max Hue at all. At times you might say it's a brilliantly researched book of non-fiction; every time however the fiction in it asserts itself I kept feeling Littell is a long way from being a first rate novelist.
August 15, 2017
It Begins and Ends in Bad Politics
It is possible for human beings to justify all behaviour, no matter how irrational and cruel. Because this is so, some philosophers justify their view that moral norms must lie outside of human control, that there must be a God who knows what good behaviour is. This justification is also irrational and frequently just as cruel.
As for example when the philosophers and theologians of Nazism preached radical anti-Semitism based on universal genetic imperatives of tribal competition. Inhumanity, therefore, is what human beings are good at. As one of Littell's characters has it, "... there is no such thing as inhumanity. There is only humanity and more humanity." This from a man whose job it was to kill wounded German soldiers who were of no further usefulness.
Nevertheless, irrationality and cruelty have to be arrived at incrementally. One's political and legal culture cannot be radically altered too suddenly lest irrationality and cruelty become obvious and rejected as such. It takes time to create new, not to say contradictory, social attitudes. War is a tried and true method for cultural change. War is preceded by exclusionary politics to prepare the collective psyche. War then has its own inevitable agenda of escalating brutality. The aftermath of war requires its own victims. These are supplied by another sort of exclusionary politics. The definition of justice, a reliable barometer of social norms, invariably changes to accommodate the times. Littell has Adolph Eichmann summarise the situation: "...politics change people."
The Kindly Ones is a fictional exploration of the process of radical cultural and political change in Germany from the 1930's to the 1950's. The protagonist and narrator, Max Aue, is a gay SS officer. This irony is compounded by the fact that he is a lawyer and classically educated into a culture of civility and reflective empathy. He writes like a German Vassily Grossman: not to defend but to merely describe his actions and motivations. Slipping slowly from unconcern to acceptance to assimilation to diseased monster, Max isn't German or inherently psychotic or evil; he is Everyman.
It is as Everyman that Max plays a role in the Final Solution for the Judaism of Eastern Europe - in fomenting 'retribution' of Jews by Poles and Ukrainians, in the Einzatsgruppen, whose job it was to murder all Jews found in Russian territory conquered by the Wehrmacht, and in the preparation and supply of victims for the death camps. The scenes depicted are well rehearsed in many other books on the Holicaust.
Littell's take is innovative only because it is created from the point of view of the murderers, capturing their experiences and mental states as the war is prepared for, progresses, and ends. What they see is the terror of their own lives in the dystopia they have created. Meditating briefly on Auschwitz, Max muses, "Wasn鈥檛 the camp itself, with all the rigidity of its organization, its absurd violence, its meticulous hierarchy, just a metaphor, a reductio ad absurdum of everyday life?" The camps are the source of a new German culture: "a breeding ground for mental illnesses and sadistic deviations."
Max knows he is participating in a war like none before, "... when the State is democratized 鈥攖hen all of a sudden war becomes total and terrible ..." Only modern democracy is capable of the atrocities of war on a scale which would not have been tolerated in any other form of government. The democratic state has powers of coercion over its own citizens that could never be claimed by any monarch.
Democracy also possesses the cultural force necessary to turn evil into good through purely social sanctions. The murderer of wounded soldiers, for example, "...killed people or had them killed, so he鈥檚 Evil; but within himself, he was a good man to those close to him, indifferent to all others, and, what鈥檚 more, one who respected the law. What more do we ask of the individual in our civilized, democratic cities?"
Judging by the evidence of the 20th century, democracy uses its powers more frequently and with less cause than any other form of government. Democracy inhibits conscience and promotes evil just as effectively as the alternatives. In fact by legitimatising greed for reputation and ambition for power, democracy provides a welcoming framework for their development. This is one of the principle messages of the book. A message as relevant in the age of Trump and Putin as it was in the age of Hitler and Stalin. There may be no Cosmic Organizer but there should be at least a few resistors who can stand against the flow of insanity that pops up from time to time in democracies. As Max knows, "The past is never over."
It is possible for human beings to justify all behaviour, no matter how irrational and cruel. Because this is so, some philosophers justify their view that moral norms must lie outside of human control, that there must be a God who knows what good behaviour is. This justification is also irrational and frequently just as cruel.
As for example when the philosophers and theologians of Nazism preached radical anti-Semitism based on universal genetic imperatives of tribal competition. Inhumanity, therefore, is what human beings are good at. As one of Littell's characters has it, "... there is no such thing as inhumanity. There is only humanity and more humanity." This from a man whose job it was to kill wounded German soldiers who were of no further usefulness.
Nevertheless, irrationality and cruelty have to be arrived at incrementally. One's political and legal culture cannot be radically altered too suddenly lest irrationality and cruelty become obvious and rejected as such. It takes time to create new, not to say contradictory, social attitudes. War is a tried and true method for cultural change. War is preceded by exclusionary politics to prepare the collective psyche. War then has its own inevitable agenda of escalating brutality. The aftermath of war requires its own victims. These are supplied by another sort of exclusionary politics. The definition of justice, a reliable barometer of social norms, invariably changes to accommodate the times. Littell has Adolph Eichmann summarise the situation: "...politics change people."
The Kindly Ones is a fictional exploration of the process of radical cultural and political change in Germany from the 1930's to the 1950's. The protagonist and narrator, Max Aue, is a gay SS officer. This irony is compounded by the fact that he is a lawyer and classically educated into a culture of civility and reflective empathy. He writes like a German Vassily Grossman: not to defend but to merely describe his actions and motivations. Slipping slowly from unconcern to acceptance to assimilation to diseased monster, Max isn't German or inherently psychotic or evil; he is Everyman.
It is as Everyman that Max plays a role in the Final Solution for the Judaism of Eastern Europe - in fomenting 'retribution' of Jews by Poles and Ukrainians, in the Einzatsgruppen, whose job it was to murder all Jews found in Russian territory conquered by the Wehrmacht, and in the preparation and supply of victims for the death camps. The scenes depicted are well rehearsed in many other books on the Holicaust.
Littell's take is innovative only because it is created from the point of view of the murderers, capturing their experiences and mental states as the war is prepared for, progresses, and ends. What they see is the terror of their own lives in the dystopia they have created. Meditating briefly on Auschwitz, Max muses, "Wasn鈥檛 the camp itself, with all the rigidity of its organization, its absurd violence, its meticulous hierarchy, just a metaphor, a reductio ad absurdum of everyday life?" The camps are the source of a new German culture: "a breeding ground for mental illnesses and sadistic deviations."
Max knows he is participating in a war like none before, "... when the State is democratized 鈥攖hen all of a sudden war becomes total and terrible ..." Only modern democracy is capable of the atrocities of war on a scale which would not have been tolerated in any other form of government. The democratic state has powers of coercion over its own citizens that could never be claimed by any monarch.
Democracy also possesses the cultural force necessary to turn evil into good through purely social sanctions. The murderer of wounded soldiers, for example, "...killed people or had them killed, so he鈥檚 Evil; but within himself, he was a good man to those close to him, indifferent to all others, and, what鈥檚 more, one who respected the law. What more do we ask of the individual in our civilized, democratic cities?"
Judging by the evidence of the 20th century, democracy uses its powers more frequently and with less cause than any other form of government. Democracy inhibits conscience and promotes evil just as effectively as the alternatives. In fact by legitimatising greed for reputation and ambition for power, democracy provides a welcoming framework for their development. This is one of the principle messages of the book. A message as relevant in the age of Trump and Putin as it was in the age of Hitler and Stalin. There may be no Cosmic Organizer but there should be at least a few resistors who can stand against the flow of insanity that pops up from time to time in democracies. As Max knows, "The past is never over."
June 27, 2018
So what's the most atrocious thing you've seen?... Man, of course!
polarized both readers and critics all over the world. They argued on its literary values and scandalous content, pornocaust or holokitsch were amongst epithets, felt poised between admiration for the gigantic work Littell done and themes he researched and final product and message it delivered. The genre itself confounded almost everyone, was it a history novel or quasi document, a literary fiction or fictionalized story? And autoportrait of Nazi official and aesthete was widely discussed. I can鈥檛 say anything new or revealing on its subject so only some words about how this reader feels with this book.
The novel stuns with verve and panache, bewilders with erudition and literateness, overwhelms with magnitude of information, names and facts. The author had to dig through hundreds of historical documents up. Sometimes effect feels fascinating, especially deliberations on the vision of national socialism or motivations of the narrator of the novel, then again horrifying with descriptions of mass murders or concentration camps, and at times just fatiguing due to neverending reports full of names and military ranks. It strikes with enormity of violence and cruelty, with graphic depiction of every crime imaginable, and pornographic and scatological content and its matter-of-fact narrative comes almost as a shock. Combining sex with violence, or more precisely sexuality with Nazism is nothing new or original in literature or film. William Styron did it in Sophie鈥檚 choice and Lucchino Visconti in his stunning masterpiece The Damned, I prefer the Polish title Zmierzch Bog贸w refering to Wagner鈥檚 opera.
What makes this book unique and shocking, and what sometimes is its the biggest flaw, is the figure of narrator, Maximilian Aue. To establish a murderer main protagonist, to make us read his testimony, hear his thoughts, acknowledge that he escaped, in a way, justice was clever though rather dangerous task. At first everything starts rather innocently, I hope the ironic undertone can be sensed, Max is sensitive and kind of fragile man. We do not know at this point how deeply damaged he is, how unstable, and how twisted his family issues are. He doesn鈥檛 like the idea of extermination but since Germans and Germany comes to him first thus he succumbs to orders. But he doesn鈥檛 approve unnecessary humiliation and cruelty towards people that were to be killed. On Ukraine he not only observes killings but also as any other officer has to participate in it what effects a nervous breakdown. And it only keeps getting worse from now.
Max is well-educated, enamoured with literature and music, he quotes from memory ancient philosophers and yet is dilligent and amenable cog in machine, a valuable member of horrendous system. Maximilian Aue seems to confuse ethics with aesthetics but by no means is only bureaucratic murderer. He can in one breath talk about wisdom of ancient authors and beauty of human, well, male's body, about love and music and at the same time being able to participate at executions. As he admits himself at some point while standing over graves of murdered Jews: I was haunted by the passion for the absolute and the transcending of limits. And this duality makes him interesting narrator.
In The Kindly Ones can be spotted quite dinstinct references to The Oresteia, a killing of mother and stepfather, an incestuous relationship with sister and the title outright appeals to Erinyes, the gracious ones, translated also as kindly ones, incarnation of vengeance. There were criticisms that by employing the ancient idea of fate Littell intended to justify Max鈥�, or in wider perspective German, deeds and omissions or lessen his crimes.
The novel explores acts that were done not by madmen or lunatics but by technocrats, lawyers, economists and administration. Littell examines damages done to ordinary soldiers that had to face with mass extermination especially in the first days of war, tries to draw a line between them and psychopaths and degenerate individuals relishing these deeds. Through Max' eyes allows us to experience war at Ukraine, Russia and Poland, leads us through battle of Stalingrad, hell of Auschwitz-Birkenau to final days in Berlin. He shows the birth of the idea of Final Solution and its bringing into existence. He depictures Holocaust as a kind of enterprise, a unique project that had to be done and gives us almost technical instruction of genocide. Report of Max is coldly precise and detailed then again hallucinatory and delirious but always intense and powerful.
The novel is truly gruesome and though I can鈥檛 say, for example, the slaughter in Babi Jar ravine was alien to me yet the description made me sick. Max makes his remorseless confession many years after the war ended, regrets, that鈥檚 for children as his colleague Eichmann would say, and what strikes me the most is his statement that we are not better men than he was, merely more luckier to live in different times and not forced to make his choices. In a way he makes us almost his accomplices who only by a bit of luck could avoid his fate. I find this revelation quite disturbing. Max is not trying to play a martyr or victim to ask for our forgiviness, no, he wants our sympathy and understanding for who or what he was. And it's even more disquieting. And thought-provoking.
I do not regret anything: I did my work, that鈥檚 all; as for my family problems, which I might also talk about, they concern no one but me; and as for the rest, I probably did go a little far toward the end, but by that point I was no longer entirely myself, I was off-balance, and anyhow the whole world was toppling around me, I wasn鈥檛 the only one who lost his head, admit it.
November 9, 2018
螠蔚 蟿慰谓 魏委谓未蠀谓慰 谓伪 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂蟽蟿蔚委 蟺慰渭蟺蠋未蔚蟼 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟺慰蠀 伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蔚委 胃伪 纬蟻维蠄蠅 渭蔚 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏 蔚蟺委纬谓蠅蟽畏 魏伪喂 蔚喂位喂魏蟻委谓蔚喂伪 蟺蠅蟼 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蔚喂谓伪喂 蟿慰 蔚委未慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 渭蠀胃喂蟽蟿慰蟻萎渭伪蟿慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 渭伪蟼 胃蠀渭委味蔚喂 纬喂伪蟿委 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蠀蟺维蟻蠂蔚喂 畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪.
韦委 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 尾喂尾位委慰 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈.
螚 渭蠈谓畏 伪蟺维谓蟿畏蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 未蠋蟽蠅 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰位慰纬喂魏蠈 蟿蟻维谓蟿伪纬渭伪 蟽蠀谓蔚喂未畏蟿慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏蟼 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺苇蟽蟿畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 蟺维谓蠅 伪蟺慰 蠈位伪 伪蟻谓蔚委蟿伪喂.
螒蟻谓蔚委蟿伪喂 谓伪 未蔚蠂蟿蔚委, 谓伪 伪蟺位慰蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂, 谓伪 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻萎蟽蔚喂,
谓伪 伪蟺蔚谓慰蠂慰蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿伪蠂胃蔚委 蠀蟺苇蟻 萎 魏伪蟿维 蟽蟿慰 魏伪位蠈 魏伪喂 蟿慰 魏伪魏蠈.
螒谓蟿委 谓伪 蔚蟺喂魏蔚谓蟿蟻蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈 萎 蟿慰 蔚尉伪蟿慰渭喂魏蔚蠀渭苇谓慰 渭伪蟻蟿蠉蟻喂慰, 蔚谓未喂伪蠁苇蟻蔚蟿伪喂 魏伪喂 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 苇纬魏蠀蟻伪 魏伪喂 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠋蟼 伪尉喂蠈蟺喂蟽蟿伪 蟿畏谓 纬蟻伪蠁蔚喂慰魏蟻伪蟿喂魏慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 胃伪谓维蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 谓伪味喂蟽蟿喂魏维 纬蟻伪蠁蔚委伪 蔚谓蟿慰位慰未蠈蠂蠅谓.
螒谓蟿委 谓伪 蔚尉蔚蟿维味蔚喂 蟿慰 魏慰位伪蟽渭苇谓慰 魏伪味维谓喂 蟿慰蠀 螣位慰魏伪蠀蟿蠋渭伪蟿慰蟼 蠅蟼 苇谓伪 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 蟺喂慰 伪蠁蠈蟻畏蟿伪, 伪喂渭伪蟿畏蟻维 魏伪喂 伪蟺维谓胃蟻蠅蟺伪 蔚纬魏位萎渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 魏慰蟽渭喂魏萎蟼 伪谓慰蠂萎蟼,
蟺慰蠀 蠁蠅蟿委味慰谓蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰 魏伪渭渭苇谓慰 位委蟺慰蟼 蟽蟿伪 蠁蠅蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏维 未喂伪魏蠈蟽渭畏蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪蟼 蟽蟿慰位喂蟽渭苇谓伪 渭蔚 魏伪位蠉渭渭伪蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 蟽维蟻魏伪蟼 魏伪喂 纬位蠀魏蔚蟻萎 渭蠀蟻蠅未喂维 伪蟺慰 尾喂慰位慰纬喂魏萎 蟽蟿维蠂蟿畏,
蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰喂蔚委 蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蠁伪谓苇蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰伪谓苇蠁蔚蟻伪, 蠅蟼 蟺蟻蠈蠁伪蟽畏, 纬喂伪 谓伪 慰蠀蟻位喂维尉蔚喂 渭谓萎渭蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蟽蟿慰谓 伪谓蠀蟺慰蠄委伪蟽蟿慰 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏.
螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺委蟽蠅 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 魏慰喂谓慰蟿慰蟺委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏伪魏慰蠉 蟺慰蠀 蔚渭蟺蔚蟻喂苇蠂蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蟺慰位苇渭慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪谓蟿蠈蟼 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 蟽蠀渭蠁慰蟻苇蟼 魏伪喂 尾伪蟽伪谓喂蟽蟿萎蟻喂伪 味畏蟿维蔚喂 谓伪 蟽魏蔚蠁蟿慰蠉渭蔚 渭喂伪 蟺伪蟻伪魏喂谓未蠀谓蔚蠀渭苇谓畏 喂未苇伪 味蠅蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟽畏渭伪蟽委伪蟼.
螣 Littell 渭伪蟼 蟺蟻慰蠅胃蔚委 谓伪 伪渭蠁喂蟽尾畏蟿萎蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蟿畏谓 喂未苇伪 蟿慰蠀 魏慰喂谓蠈蟿慰蟺慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 魏伪谓慰谓喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼. 韦委蟺慰蟿伪 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪蟺位蠈 萎 蟿慰蟽慰 蟺蟻慰尾位苇蠄喂渭慰 魏伪喂 未蔚未慰渭苇谓伪 伪蟿伪尾喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈.
螚 喂未苇伪 蟿畏蟼 苇谓谓慰喂伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀谓畏胃喂蟽渭苇谓慰蠀 胃蔚蠅蟻蔚委蟿伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 蟻委味蔚蟼 蟺伪喂未伪纬蠅纬喂魏苇蟼, 伪蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼, 蔚蟺伪蟻蠂喂伪魏苇蟼, 渭苇蟿蟻喂蔚蟼, 伪蠈蟻喂蟽蟿蔚蟼, 蟺伪蟻蔚渭蟺慰未喂蟽渭苇谓蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蠄蠀蠂伪谓伪位蠀蟿喂魏维 蠁伪蟽喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼.
危蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 畏 魏伪谓慰谓喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 畏 畏胃喂魏萎 慰蟻喂慰胃苇蟿畏蟽畏, 畏 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺喂维, 畏 蟽蠀渭蟺蠈谓慰喂伪, 畏 维蟻谓畏蟽畏 魏伪胃萎魏慰谓蟿慰蟼 魏伪喂 蠁喂位慰未慰尉委伪蟼 蟺慰蠀 蔚渭蟺委蟺蟿蔚喂 蟽蔚 谓蠈渭慰蠀蟼 蠁蟿喂伪纬渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 伪蟺慰 伪未委蟽蟿伪魏蟿伪 魏伪喂 伪蟻蟻蠅蟽蟿畏渭苇谓伪 渭蠀伪位维,
渭蔚 蟽魏慰蟺蠈 魏蔚蟻未慰蠁慰蟻委伪 魏伪喂 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪,
蔚委谓伪喂 渭委伪 蟽蠀谓苇蠂蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 渭委伪 蟽蟿伪胃蔚蟻萎 魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽畏,
魏伪喂 尾伪蟽委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蠈,蟿喂 苇蠂蔚喂 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 渭蔚 蟿慰 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 蔚谓蟿蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 慰蟺慰委慰蠀 尾蟻委蟽魏蔚蟿伪喂 蟿慰 维蟿慰渭慰.
螘蟺慰渭苇谓蠅蟼 慰 魏伪胃苇谓伪蟼 伪蟺慰 蔚渭维蟼 魏伪喂 蠈位慰喂 蔚渭蔚委蟼 渭伪味委, 渭蔚 魏伪蟻未喂苇蟼 魏伪喂 渭蠀伪位维 蟺伪谓伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓蠅谓 伪尉喂蠋谓 魏伪喂 慰蟻胃蠋谓 蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭喂蠋谓, 渭蔚 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 魏伪位位喂苇蟻纬蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏萎 渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏, 渭蔚 未畏渭慰魏蟻伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽位伪渭尾维谓慰蠀蟽蔚蟼 魏伪喂 未喂伪胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏蟼 蔚位蔚蠀胃蔚蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪纬维蟺畏蟼,
蠈位慰喂 伪蠀蟿慰委, 蠈位慰喂 蔚渭蔚委蟼, 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺伪谓蔚蠉魏慰位慰 魏伪喂 蔚蠁喂魏蟿蠈 魏维蟿蠅 伪蟺慰 魏伪蟿维位位畏位蔚蟼 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠀蟻胃慰蠉渭蔚, 谓伪 蟿蟻慰渭慰魏蟻伪蟿畏胃慰蠉渭蔚, 魏伪喂 谓伪 蔚魏蟻伪纬蔚委 伪蟺慰 渭苇蟽伪 渭伪蟼 渭喂伪 伪魏伪蟿维蟽蠂蔚蟿畏 伪未喂伪蠁慰蟻委伪, 渭喂伪 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 伪渭谓畏蟽委伪 蔚喂蟼 尾维蟻慰蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蔚蟿蠋谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 蔚位苇慰蠀蟼.
螖蔚未慰渭苇谓蠅谓 蟿蠅谓 蟽蠀谓胃畏魏蠋谓 谓伪 蟽蠀谓蟿伪蠂胃慰蠉渭蔚 渭蔚 蟿慰 伪魏蟻伪委慰 魏伪喂 蟿慰 未喂蔚蟽蟿蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰,谓伪 蠀蟺慰魏蠉蠄慰蠀渭蔚 蟽蟿伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿伪 胃畏蟻委伪 魏伪喂 谓伪 未蔚蟽渭蔚蠀蟿慰蠉渭蔚 伪蟺慰 蠈蟻魏慰蠀蟼 蠂喂蟿位蔚蟻喂魏蠋谓 蠀蠄畏位蠈蟿蔚蟻蠅谓 魏伪胃畏魏蠈谓蟿蠅谓 魏伪喂 喂未蔚蠋谓 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蟽魏苇蠄畏 蟺蠅蟼 伪蟺位蠋蟼 蔚魏蟿蔚位慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 蔚谓蟿慰位苇蟼 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻蠅谓.
螇渭伪蟽蟿伪谓 胃蠉渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 蔚尉慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟺伪蟻伪纬纬蔚位委伪蟼, 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 未蟻维蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蟽蠀谓蔚委未畏蟽畏 魏伪喂 蟿蠉蠄蔚喂蟼, 喂蟽蠂蠀蟻喂味蠈渭蔚谓慰喂 伪蟿慰渭喂魏维 蟽蠀渭蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪 渭蔚 伪魏蟻维未伪谓蟿伪 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎渭伪蟿伪 蟺蔚蟻委 魏蔚魏蟿畏渭苇谓蠅谓(慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪, 蟺伪喂未喂维, 蟽蠀纬纬蔚谓蔚委蟼, 蠁委位慰喂, 蟺伪蟿蟻委未伪, 胃蟻畏蟽魏蔚委伪, 渭慰喂蟻慰位伪蟿蟻委伪) 魏伪喂 伪蠁慰蟺位喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 伪蠀蟿慰谓蠈畏蟿畏 蔚喂位喂魏蟻委谓蔚喂伪 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺慰蟿委胃蔚蟿伪喂 蠈蟿喂 渭苇蟽伪 伪蟺慰 伪蠀蟿维 蟽蠀谓维纬蔚蟿伪喂 畏 伪尉喂慰蟺喂蟽蟿委伪 渭伪蟼.
螁蟻伪, 胃伪 蠀蟺维蟻蠂慰蠀谓 蟺维谓蟿伪 位蠈纬慰喂 纬喂鈥櫸毕呄勏� 蟺慰蠀 魏维谓慰蠀渭蔚... 魏伪位慰委 位蠈纬慰喂 萎 魏伪魏慰委 位蠈纬慰喂 未蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 蟿慰 尉苇蟻蠅 伪蟺慰 蟺蟻喂谓, 渭伪 蟽蔚 魏维胃蔚 蟺蔚蟻委蟺蟿蠅蟽畏, 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰喂 位蠈纬慰喂.
韦蟻蔚位伪胃蔚委蟿蔚 位委纬慰 谓伪 未蠅 魏维蟿喂.
螤维蟻蟿蔚 苇谓伪 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏蠈 喂蟽慰未蠉谓伪渭慰 渭喂伪蟼 尾伪胃喂维蟼 伪谓伪蟺谓慰萎蟼, 渭萎蟺蠅蟼, 蟺蟻慰蔚蟿慰喂渭伪蟽蟿蔚委蟿蔚 蟺蟻喂谓 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 魏伪蟿维未蠀蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蟿蟻苇位伪 蟿畏蟼 谓慰畏蟿喂魏萎蟼 尾位维尾畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 喂蟽慰未蠉谓伪渭蠅谓 蟿慰蠀 魏伪魏慰蠉, 蟺慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位慰蠉谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺蔚蟻喂蔚蠂蠈渭蔚谓慰 伪蠀蟿慰蠉 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀.
螖喂蠈蟿喂 伪谓 蟿慰 伪谓伪位慰纬喂蟽蟿慰蠉渭蔚 伪魏蟻喂尾蠋蟼 苇蟿蟽喂, 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿慰 未委魏喂慰 萎 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂.
螒谓 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 未喂伪位苇尉蔚喂蟼 伪谓维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪喂未喂慰蠉 蟽慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟽蟿慰 蟺维蟿畏渭伪 蔚谓蠈蟼 魏慰蠀渭蟺喂慰蠉 渭蔚 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 胃伪 蟺蔚胃维谓慰蠀谓 蠂喂位喂维未蔚蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰喂 伪胃蠋慰喂, 魏伪胃畏渭蔚蟻喂谓慰委, 蟽蠀谓畏胃喂蟽渭苇谓慰喂, 委未喂慰喂 渭蔚 蔚蟽苇谓伪 魏伪喂 渭蔚 蔚渭苇谓伪, 伪位位维 委蟽蠅蟼 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏维 萎 蟿伪尉喂魏维 魏伪蟿蠋蟿蔚蟻慰喂, 蟿委 胃伪 纬喂谓蠈蟿伪谓.
螝蠀蟻委蠅蟼 伪谓 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 蟺维蟿畏渭伪 蟿慰蠀 魏慰蠀渭蟺喂慰蠉 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蔚魏魏伪胃维蟻喂蟽畏, 胃伪 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂委味伪渭蔚 谓伪 味慰蠉渭蔚 伪蠀蟿慰维谓慰蟽慰喂 蟽蟿喂蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏苇蟼, 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏苇蟼 魏伪喂 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蟺喂苇蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟽蠀渭渭慰蟻蠁蠅渭苇谓慰喂 渭蔚 苇谓伪谓 魏蠋未喂魏伪 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 胃蔚蠅蟻慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏维 伪蟺伪蟻维未蔚魏蟿慰.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰 慰位慰魏伪蠉蟿蠅渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 纬蔚谓慰魏蟿慰谓委蔚蟼.
螤蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 慰蟺慰委慰 慰 魏. 螘蟽蠀魏喂螘纬蠅 蟺萎纬蔚 蟽蔚 蔚魏蔚委谓慰 蟿慰 蠁蟻喂魏喂伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 渭苇蟻慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 魏伪胃蟻苇蠁蟿蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 蠄蠀蠂蠋谓 魏伪喂 伪谓蟿委魏蟻喂蟽蔚 蠈位畏 蟿畏谓 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀, 伪蟺慰 蟿喂蟼 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏苇蟼 蔚蟺蔚魏蟿伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 蔚蟺喂未蟻慰渭苇蟼 蟿蠅谓 螠慰纬纬蠈位蠅谓 蔚蠅蟼 蟿畏谓 螒渭蔚蟻喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 螔喂蔚蟿谓维渭 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 螜蟻维魏.
螒魏蟻喂尾蠋蟼 苇蟿蟽喂 萎 魏维蟺蠅蟼 苇蟿蟽喂, 尾位苇蟺慰蠀渭蔚 蟿畏谓 伪谓畏蟽蠀蠂畏蟿喂魏萎 蔚尉苇位喂尉畏 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 渭苇蟽伪 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 渭维蟿喂伪 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪尉喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏慰蠉, 蠀蠄畏位维 喂蟽蟿维渭蔚谓慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 喂蔚蟻伪蟻蠂委伪 蟿蠅谓 SS Max Aue.
螒蠀蟿蠈蟼 慰 委未喂慰蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 蟺蔚委蟽蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蟺蠅蟼 未蔚谓 胃伪 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻喂蠁蔚蟻蠈蟿伪谓 未喂伪蠁慰蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蔚维谓 尾蟻喂蟽魏蠈蟿伪谓 蟽蟿喂蟼 委未喂蔚蟼 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺喂慰 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏蠈 伪蟺慰 蠈位伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蟽蟿畏 尾维蟽畏 慰蠀蟽委伪 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 维未喂魏慰 萎 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿伪 未委魏喂慰.
螣 Aue 锟斤拷蟻慰苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 未喂伪蟿伪蟻伪纬渭苇谓慰 蟺伪喂未喂魏蠈 蠀蟺蠈尾伪胃蟻慰, 苇蠂蔚喂 蠄蠀蠂慰位慰纬喂魏苇蟼 蔚渭渭慰谓苇蟼 魏伪喂 蟽蔚尉慰蠀伪位喂魏维 未喂伪蟽蟿蟻慰蠁喂魏苇蟼 位伪纬谓蔚委蔚蟼,蠈蠂喂 蠅蟼 慰渭慰蠁蠀位蠈蠁喂位慰蟼, 伪位位维 蠅蟼 蟺伪蟻伪谓慰蠆魏维 伪谓蔚尉苇位蔚纬魏蟿慰蟼 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 蟽蠂喂味慰蠁蟻蔚谓喂魏萎 畏未慰谓喂魏萎 位伪蟿蟻蔚委伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏谓 未委未蠀渭畏 伪未蔚位蠁萎 蟿慰蠀.
螆谓伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟼, 苇谓伪 纬慰畏蟿蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 魏伪位位喂蔚蟻纬畏渭苇谓慰 蟿苇蟻伪蟼.
螆谓伪蟼 螆位位畏谓伪蟼 渭蔚位蔚蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 伪蟻蠂伪委伪蟼 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼, 位维蟿蟻畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 蔚位位畏谓喂魏慰蠉 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭慰蠉, 蟿畏蟼 魏位伪蟽喂魏萎蟼 渭慰蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼, 蟿畏蟼 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼.
螆谓伪蟼 蠁慰喂蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿慰蠀 螤位维蟿蠅谓伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 尾位苇蟺蔚喂 魏伪渭委伪 未喂蠂慰蟿蠈渭畏蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚蠀胃蠀纬蟻维渭渭喂蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 谓伪味喂蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 胃蔚蠅蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 蠀蠄畏位蠈蟿蔚蟻蔚蟼 伪尉委蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蠂伪委蠅谓. 螤蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 未蔚委尉蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 慰喂 蟽蠁伪纬苇蟼, 慰喂 未慰位慰蠁慰谓委蔚蟼, 畏 未喂伪蠁胃慰蟻维 魏伪喂 慰 蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 伪谓伪蟺蠈蠁蔚蠀魏蟿蔚蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿维蟽蔚喂蟼 蔚伪谓 慰 魏蠈蟽渭慰蟼 渭慰喂蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委 未喂魏伪喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏维.
螣喂 谓伪味委 未喂慰蟻胃蠋谓慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蟺伪蟻伪魏渭萎 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟺蟻慰苇位胃蔚喂 蟽蔚 渭委伪 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪 蟿维尉畏, 魏维谓慰蠀谓 渭喂伪 伪谓伪纬魏伪委伪 未喂蠈蟻胃蠅蟽畏, 渭委伪 蔚蟺伪谓蔚蠀胃蠀纬蟻维渭渭喂蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 蔚蟺伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 蟽蟿畏谓 蠁蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蟻蔚委伪.
螣 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蔚喂蟽苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 魏蔚蠁维位喂 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蠀 伪尉喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委 渭蔚 蟿喂蟼 渭蔚胃蠈未慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀 渭伪蟻魏畏蟽委慰蠀 谓蟿蔚 危伪谓蟿 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 螠蟺伪蟿维喂纬. 韦畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 蟿畏蟼 蟺伪蟻伪尾委伪蟽畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 蠁伪谓蟿伪蟽蟿喂魏蠋谓 魏伪喂 伪魏蟻伪委蠅谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾慰位蠋谓.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 未喂魏伪喂慰位慰锟斤拷萎蟽蔚喂 蟿伪 伪未喂魏伪喂慰位蠈纬畏蟿伪, 慰蠀蟻位喂维味蔚喂 蠈渭蠅蟼, 渭蔚 魏维胃蔚 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 蔚谓蠈蠂位畏蟽畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻伪尾委伪蟽畏蟼, 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏胃蔚委 慰 委未喂慰蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻慰.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 螘尾蟻伪蠆魏萎 蔚魏魏苇谓蠅蟽畏 蟽蠅渭维蟿蠅谓 渭伪喂 蠄蠀蠂蠋谓 伪蟺慰 苇谓伪谓 魏蠈蟽渭慰 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蠁伪蟽喂蟽蟿喂魏维 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰, 伪谓 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪喂 蔚魏蟿蔚谓蠋蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 伪蟺伪蟻维渭喂位位畏 蟽魏位畏蟻蠈蟿畏蟿伪 慰喂 蔚魏魏伪胃伪蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 未慰位慰蠁慰谓委蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 螁蟻喂慰蠀 苇胃谓慰蠀蟼.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰蠀蟼 危蟿伪位喂谓喂魏慰蠉蟼 渭伪魏蔚位维蟻畏未蔚蟼 蟺慰蠀 未慰位慰蠁慰谓慰蠉蟽伪谓 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿喂渭萎谓 蟿畏蟼 伪蟿伪尉喂魏萎蟼 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪蟼 渭蔚 苇谓伪谓 围委蟿位蔚蟻-危蟿维位喂谓 渭蟺慰位蟽蔚尾委魏慰, 蠀蟺苇蟻渭伪蠂慰 蟿畏蟼 慰蠀蟿慰蟺喂魏萎蟼 喂蟽蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 魏慰位蔚魏蟿喂尾慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏蟼.
螣蠉蟿蔚 魏伪谓 纬喂伪 蟺伪谓伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓蔚蟼 蔚喂蟻畏谓喂魏苇蟼 未喂伪胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 魏伪喂 伪尉喂蠋渭伪蟿伪 胃伪蟻蟻伪位苇蠅谓 畏蟻蠋蠅谓 魏伪喂 蟺蔚蟽蠈谓蟿蠅谓, 喂未蔚慰位蠈纬蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 蟺委蟽蟿蔚蠄伪谓 蟺蠅蟼 慰喂 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪蟿蔚蠉胃蠀谓蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉谓 谓伪 蟺维蟻慰蠀谓 慰渭伪未喂魏维 慰喂 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭苇谓慰喂, 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿畏谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻伪蟽蟺喂蟽蟿慰蠉谓 慰喂 未喂伪谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰喂 渭蔚 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻畏 未蠉谓伪渭畏 魏伪蟿维 蟿慰蠀 蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭慰蠉.
韦慰 魏伪魏蠈 蟺蟻慰苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟺维谓蟿伪 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰 魏维胃蔚 渭慰蟻蠁萎 蟿畏蟼.
韦畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪纬魏伪位喂维味蔚喂 魏蠀尾蔚蟻谓萎蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟽蠂慰位蔚委伪, 尾喂尾位委伪,蟿苇蠂谓蔚蟼, 魏苇蟻未畏, 胃蟻畏蟽魏蔚委蔚蟼.
螝蠀蟻委蠅蟼 蠈渭蠅蟼 畏 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 伪纬魏伪位喂维味蔚喂 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 蔚胃委味慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 谓蠈渭慰蠀蟼, 蟽蠀渭蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪, 蟿喂渭蠅蟻委蔚蟼, 伪蟺伪纬慰蟻蔚蠉蟽蔚喂蟼, 未喂伪蟿伪纬苇蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓蟿伪渭慰喂尾苇蟼.
螒蠀蟿慰委 慰喂 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰喂 蔚委谓伪喂 慰喂 魏慰蠀蟻维未蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 螠慰位蠈蠂.
螠慰位蠉谓慰蠀谓 蟿慰谓 蟺位伪谓萎蟿畏, 未蔚谓 尉苇蟻慰蠀谓 谓伪 伪纬伪蟺慰蠉谓, 蠁慰尾慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 谓伪 蟺蔚胃维谓慰蠀谓 魏伪喂 伪蟻谓慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 谓伪 味萎蟽慰蠀谓. 韦蟻蔚渭慰蠀谓 慰蟿喂未萎蟺慰蟿蔚 伪蟺蔚委胃伪蟻蠂慰, 蠂伪慰蟿喂魏蠈, 蔚位蔚蠉胃蔚蟻慰 魏伪喂 蠁蠀蟽喂魏蠈.
螘喂谓伪喂 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀 慰喂 未蠀谓伪蟿慰委 蟺慰蠀 慰蟻委味慰蠀谓 蟿畏 渭慰委蟻伪 渭伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 蟺位伪谓萎蟿畏 蠅蟼 蟿伪 蟺喂慰 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蟿蟻慰渭伪纬渭苇谓伪 味蠋伪.
危蟿蟻伪蟿喂蠅蟿喂魏慰委, 魏蠀尾蔚蟻谓萎蟿蔚蟼, 伪蟽蟿蠀谓慰渭喂魏慰委, 蔚蟺委蟽魏慰蟺慰喂, 维胃位喂慰喂 渭伪位维魏蔚蟼 渭慰谓蟽喂谓喂蠈蟻慰喂, 伪谓苇蟻伪蟽蟿慰喂 魏伪喂 蟺蟻蠅魏蟿蠈 魏伪蟿伪谓伪纬魏伪蟽蟿喂魏慰委 蔚位蔚纬蠂慰渭伪谓蔚委蟼-蔚尉慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿苇蟼, 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻苇蠁慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 慰渭慰蟻蠁喂维 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿畏蟼 蠁蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼 谓慰渭慰蟿苇位蔚喂伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蟻慰魏伪位慰蠉谓 慰未蠀谓畏蟻苇蟼 蟺位畏纬苇蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟽蟿慰 蠈谓慰渭伪 蟿畏蟼 蔚喂蟻萎谓畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼. 危蟿慰 尾蠅渭蠈 蟿慰蠀 螛蔚慰蠉.
危蟿伪渭伪蟿蠋 蔚未蠋 ( 尉蠉蟺谓畏蟽蔚 渭苇蟽伪 渭慰蠀 慰 韦蟻蠀蟺慰魏维蟻蠀未慰蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻伪位畏蟻蔚委 )
螖喂伪尾维蟽蟿蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 伪蠁蠈蟻畏蟿慰 苇蟺慰蟼.
螒尉委味蔚喂.
螝伪位萎 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏.
螤慰位位慰蠉蟼 伪蟽蟺伪蟽渭慰蠉蟼.
馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃懡馃懣馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃懡馃懣
(螖蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪 谓伪 纬蟻维蠄蠅 位喂纬蠈蟿蔚蟻伪). 馃槼
韦委 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 尾喂尾位委慰 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈.
螚 渭蠈谓畏 伪蟺维谓蟿畏蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 未蠋蟽蠅 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰位慰纬喂魏蠈 蟿蟻维谓蟿伪纬渭伪 蟽蠀谓蔚喂未畏蟿慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏蟼 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺苇蟽蟿畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 蟺维谓蠅 伪蟺慰 蠈位伪 伪蟻谓蔚委蟿伪喂.
螒蟻谓蔚委蟿伪喂 谓伪 未蔚蠂蟿蔚委, 谓伪 伪蟺位慰蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂, 谓伪 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻萎蟽蔚喂,
谓伪 伪蟺蔚谓慰蠂慰蟺慰喂萎蟽蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿伪蠂胃蔚委 蠀蟺苇蟻 萎 魏伪蟿维 蟽蟿慰 魏伪位蠈 魏伪喂 蟿慰 魏伪魏蠈.
螒谓蟿委 谓伪 蔚蟺喂魏蔚谓蟿蟻蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈 萎 蟿慰 蔚尉伪蟿慰渭喂魏蔚蠀渭苇谓慰 渭伪蟻蟿蠉蟻喂慰, 蔚谓未喂伪蠁苇蟻蔚蟿伪喂 魏伪喂 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 苇纬魏蠀蟻伪 魏伪喂 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏蠋蟼 伪尉喂蠈蟺喂蟽蟿伪 蟿畏谓 纬蟻伪蠁蔚喂慰魏蟻伪蟿喂魏慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 胃伪谓维蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 谓伪味喂蟽蟿喂魏维 纬蟻伪蠁蔚委伪 蔚谓蟿慰位慰未蠈蠂蠅谓.
螒谓蟿委 谓伪 蔚尉蔚蟿维味蔚喂 蟿慰 魏慰位伪蟽渭苇谓慰 魏伪味维谓喂 蟿慰蠀 螣位慰魏伪蠀蟿蠋渭伪蟿慰蟼 蠅蟼 苇谓伪 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 蟺喂慰 伪蠁蠈蟻畏蟿伪, 伪喂渭伪蟿畏蟻维 魏伪喂 伪蟺维谓胃蟻蠅蟺伪 蔚纬魏位萎渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 魏慰蟽渭喂魏萎蟼 伪谓慰蠂萎蟼,
蟺慰蠀 蠁蠅蟿委味慰谓蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰 魏伪渭渭苇谓慰 位委蟺慰蟼 蟽蟿伪 蠁蠅蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏维 未喂伪魏蠈蟽渭畏蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪蟼 蟽蟿慰位喂蟽渭苇谓伪 渭蔚 魏伪位蠉渭渭伪蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 蟽维蟻魏伪蟼 魏伪喂 纬位蠀魏蔚蟻萎 渭蠀蟻蠅未喂维 伪蟺慰 尾喂慰位慰纬喂魏萎 蟽蟿维蠂蟿畏,
蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰喂蔚委 蟿慰 蟺蟻慰蠁伪谓苇蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰伪谓苇蠁蔚蟻伪, 蠅蟼 蟺蟻蠈蠁伪蟽畏, 纬喂伪 谓伪 慰蠀蟻位喂维尉蔚喂 渭谓萎渭蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟽魏苇蠄蔚喂蟼 蟽蟿慰谓 伪谓蠀蟺慰蠄委伪蟽蟿慰 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏.
螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺委蟽蠅 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 魏慰喂谓慰蟿慰蟺委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏伪魏慰蠉 蟺慰蠀 蔚渭蟺蔚蟻喂苇蠂蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蟺慰位苇渭慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪谓蟿蠈蟼 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 蟽蠀渭蠁慰蟻苇蟼 魏伪喂 尾伪蟽伪谓喂蟽蟿萎蟻喂伪 味畏蟿维蔚喂 谓伪 蟽魏蔚蠁蟿慰蠉渭蔚 渭喂伪 蟺伪蟻伪魏喂谓未蠀谓蔚蠀渭苇谓畏 喂未苇伪 味蠅蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟽畏渭伪蟽委伪蟼.
螣 Littell 渭伪蟼 蟺蟻慰蠅胃蔚委 谓伪 伪渭蠁喂蟽尾畏蟿萎蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蟿畏谓 喂未苇伪 蟿慰蠀 魏慰喂谓蠈蟿慰蟺慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 魏伪谓慰谓喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼. 韦委蟺慰蟿伪 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪蟺位蠈 萎 蟿慰蟽慰 蟺蟻慰尾位苇蠄喂渭慰 魏伪喂 未蔚未慰渭苇谓伪 伪蟿伪尾喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈.
螚 喂未苇伪 蟿畏蟼 苇谓谓慰喂伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀谓畏胃喂蟽渭苇谓慰蠀 胃蔚蠅蟻蔚委蟿伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 蟻委味蔚蟼 蟺伪喂未伪纬蠅纬喂魏苇蟼, 伪蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼, 蔚蟺伪蟻蠂喂伪魏苇蟼, 渭苇蟿蟻喂蔚蟼, 伪蠈蟻喂蟽蟿蔚蟼, 蟺伪蟻蔚渭蟺慰未喂蟽渭苇谓蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蠄蠀蠂伪谓伪位蠀蟿喂魏维 蠁伪蟽喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼.
危蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 畏 魏伪谓慰谓喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 畏 畏胃喂魏萎 慰蟻喂慰胃苇蟿畏蟽畏, 畏 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺喂维, 畏 蟽蠀渭蟺蠈谓慰喂伪, 畏 维蟻谓畏蟽畏 魏伪胃萎魏慰谓蟿慰蟼 魏伪喂 蠁喂位慰未慰尉委伪蟼 蟺慰蠀 蔚渭蟺委蟺蟿蔚喂 蟽蔚 谓蠈渭慰蠀蟼 蠁蟿喂伪纬渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 伪蟺慰 伪未委蟽蟿伪魏蟿伪 魏伪喂 伪蟻蟻蠅蟽蟿畏渭苇谓伪 渭蠀伪位维,
渭蔚 蟽魏慰蟺蠈 魏蔚蟻未慰蠁慰蟻委伪 魏伪喂 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪,
蔚委谓伪喂 渭委伪 蟽蠀谓苇蠂蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 渭委伪 蟽蟿伪胃蔚蟻萎 魏伪蟿维蟽蟿伪蟽畏,
魏伪喂 尾伪蟽委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蠈,蟿喂 苇蠂蔚喂 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 渭蔚 蟿慰 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 蔚谓蟿蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 慰蟺慰委慰蠀 尾蟻委蟽魏蔚蟿伪喂 蟿慰 维蟿慰渭慰.
螘蟺慰渭苇谓蠅蟼 慰 魏伪胃苇谓伪蟼 伪蟺慰 蔚渭维蟼 魏伪喂 蠈位慰喂 蔚渭蔚委蟼 渭伪味委, 渭蔚 魏伪蟻未喂苇蟼 魏伪喂 渭蠀伪位维 蟺伪谓伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓蠅谓 伪尉喂蠋谓 魏伪喂 慰蟻胃蠋谓 蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭喂蠋谓, 渭蔚 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 魏伪位位喂苇蟻纬蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏萎 渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏, 渭蔚 未畏渭慰魏蟻伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽位伪渭尾维谓慰蠀蟽蔚蟼 魏伪喂 未喂伪胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏蟼 蔚位蔚蠀胃蔚蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪纬维蟺畏蟼,
蠈位慰喂 伪蠀蟿慰委, 蠈位慰喂 蔚渭蔚委蟼, 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺伪谓蔚蠉魏慰位慰 魏伪喂 蔚蠁喂魏蟿蠈 魏维蟿蠅 伪蟺慰 魏伪蟿维位位畏位蔚蟼 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠀蟻胃慰蠉渭蔚, 谓伪 蟿蟻慰渭慰魏蟻伪蟿畏胃慰蠉渭蔚, 魏伪喂 谓伪 蔚魏蟻伪纬蔚委 伪蟺慰 渭苇蟽伪 渭伪蟼 渭喂伪 伪魏伪蟿维蟽蠂蔚蟿畏 伪未喂伪蠁慰蟻委伪, 渭喂伪 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 伪渭谓畏蟽委伪 蔚喂蟼 尾维蟻慰蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蔚蟿蠋谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 蔚位苇慰蠀蟼.
螖蔚未慰渭苇谓蠅谓 蟿蠅谓 蟽蠀谓胃畏魏蠋谓 谓伪 蟽蠀谓蟿伪蠂胃慰蠉渭蔚 渭蔚 蟿慰 伪魏蟻伪委慰 魏伪喂 蟿慰 未喂蔚蟽蟿蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰,谓伪 蠀蟺慰魏蠉蠄慰蠀渭蔚 蟽蟿伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿伪 胃畏蟻委伪 魏伪喂 谓伪 未蔚蟽渭蔚蠀蟿慰蠉渭蔚 伪蟺慰 蠈蟻魏慰蠀蟼 蠂喂蟿位蔚蟻喂魏蠋谓 蠀蠄畏位蠈蟿蔚蟻蠅谓 魏伪胃畏魏蠈谓蟿蠅谓 魏伪喂 喂未蔚蠋谓 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蟽魏苇蠄畏 蟺蠅蟼 伪蟺位蠋蟼 蔚魏蟿蔚位慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 蔚谓蟿慰位苇蟼 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻蠅谓.
螇渭伪蟽蟿伪谓 胃蠉渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 蔚尉慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟺伪蟻伪纬纬蔚位委伪蟼, 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 未蟻维蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蟽蠀谓蔚委未畏蟽畏 魏伪喂 蟿蠉蠄蔚喂蟼, 喂蟽蠂蠀蟻喂味蠈渭蔚谓慰喂 伪蟿慰渭喂魏维 蟽蠀渭蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪 渭蔚 伪魏蟻维未伪谓蟿伪 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎渭伪蟿伪 蟺蔚蟻委 魏蔚魏蟿畏渭苇谓蠅谓(慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪, 蟺伪喂未喂维, 蟽蠀纬纬蔚谓蔚委蟼, 蠁委位慰喂, 蟺伪蟿蟻委未伪, 胃蟻畏蟽魏蔚委伪, 渭慰喂蟻慰位伪蟿蟻委伪) 魏伪喂 伪蠁慰蟺位喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 伪蠀蟿慰谓蠈畏蟿畏 蔚喂位喂魏蟻委谓蔚喂伪 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺慰蟿委胃蔚蟿伪喂 蠈蟿喂 渭苇蟽伪 伪蟺慰 伪蠀蟿维 蟽蠀谓维纬蔚蟿伪喂 畏 伪尉喂慰蟺喂蟽蟿委伪 渭伪蟼.
螁蟻伪, 胃伪 蠀蟺维蟻蠂慰蠀谓 蟺维谓蟿伪 位蠈纬慰喂 纬喂鈥櫸毕呄勏� 蟺慰蠀 魏维谓慰蠀渭蔚... 魏伪位慰委 位蠈纬慰喂 萎 魏伪魏慰委 位蠈纬慰喂 未蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 蟿慰 尉苇蟻蠅 伪蟺慰 蟺蟻喂谓, 渭伪 蟽蔚 魏维胃蔚 蟺蔚蟻委蟺蟿蠅蟽畏, 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰喂 位蠈纬慰喂.
韦蟻蔚位伪胃蔚委蟿蔚 位委纬慰 谓伪 未蠅 魏维蟿喂.
螤维蟻蟿蔚 苇谓伪 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏蠈 喂蟽慰未蠉谓伪渭慰 渭喂伪蟼 尾伪胃喂维蟼 伪谓伪蟺谓慰萎蟼, 渭萎蟺蠅蟼, 蟺蟻慰蔚蟿慰喂渭伪蟽蟿蔚委蟿蔚 蟺蟻喂谓 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 魏伪蟿维未蠀蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蟿蟻苇位伪 蟿畏蟼 谓慰畏蟿喂魏萎蟼 尾位维尾畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 喂蟽慰未蠉谓伪渭蠅谓 蟿慰蠀 魏伪魏慰蠉, 蟺慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位慰蠉谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺蔚蟻喂蔚蠂蠈渭蔚谓慰 伪蠀蟿慰蠉 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀.
螖喂蠈蟿喂 伪谓 蟿慰 伪谓伪位慰纬喂蟽蟿慰蠉渭蔚 伪魏蟻喂尾蠋蟼 苇蟿蟽喂, 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿慰 未委魏喂慰 萎 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂.
螒谓 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 未喂伪位苇尉蔚喂蟼 伪谓维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪喂未喂慰蠉 蟽慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟽蟿慰 蟺维蟿畏渭伪 蔚谓蠈蟼 魏慰蠀渭蟺喂慰蠉 渭蔚 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 胃伪 蟺蔚胃维谓慰蠀谓 蠂喂位喂维未蔚蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰喂 伪胃蠋慰喂, 魏伪胃畏渭蔚蟻喂谓慰委, 蟽蠀谓畏胃喂蟽渭苇谓慰喂, 委未喂慰喂 渭蔚 蔚蟽苇谓伪 魏伪喂 渭蔚 蔚渭苇谓伪, 伪位位维 委蟽蠅蟼 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏维 萎 蟿伪尉喂魏维 魏伪蟿蠋蟿蔚蟻慰喂, 蟿委 胃伪 纬喂谓蠈蟿伪谓.
螝蠀蟻委蠅蟼 伪谓 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 蟺维蟿畏渭伪 蟿慰蠀 魏慰蠀渭蟺喂慰蠉 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蔚魏魏伪胃维蟻喂蟽畏, 胃伪 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂委味伪渭蔚 谓伪 味慰蠉渭蔚 伪蠀蟿慰维谓慰蟽慰喂 蟽蟿喂蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏苇蟼, 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏苇蟼 魏伪喂 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蟺喂苇蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟽蠀渭渭慰蟻蠁蠅渭苇谓慰喂 渭蔚 苇谓伪谓 魏蠋未喂魏伪 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 胃蔚蠅蟻慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏维 伪蟺伪蟻维未蔚魏蟿慰.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰 慰位慰魏伪蠉蟿蠅渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 纬蔚谓慰魏蟿慰谓委蔚蟼.
螤蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 慰蟺慰委慰 慰 魏. 螘蟽蠀魏喂螘纬蠅 蟺萎纬蔚 蟽蔚 蔚魏蔚委谓慰 蟿慰 蠁蟻喂魏喂伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 渭苇蟻慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 魏伪胃蟻苇蠁蟿蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 蠄蠀蠂蠋谓 魏伪喂 伪谓蟿委魏蟻喂蟽蔚 蠈位畏 蟿畏谓 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀, 伪蟺慰 蟿喂蟼 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏苇蟼 蔚蟺蔚魏蟿伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 蔚蟺喂未蟻慰渭苇蟼 蟿蠅谓 螠慰纬纬蠈位蠅谓 蔚蠅蟼 蟿畏谓 螒渭蔚蟻喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 螔喂蔚蟿谓维渭 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 螜蟻维魏.
螒魏蟻喂尾蠋蟼 苇蟿蟽喂 萎 魏维蟺蠅蟼 苇蟿蟽喂, 尾位苇蟺慰蠀渭蔚 蟿畏谓 伪谓畏蟽蠀蠂畏蟿喂魏萎 蔚尉苇位喂尉畏 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 渭苇蟽伪 伪蟺慰 蟿伪 渭维蟿喂伪 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪尉喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏慰蠉, 蠀蠄畏位维 喂蟽蟿维渭蔚谓慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 喂蔚蟻伪蟻蠂委伪 蟿蠅谓 SS Max Aue.
螒蠀蟿蠈蟼 慰 委未喂慰蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 蟺蔚委蟽蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蟺蠅蟼 未蔚谓 胃伪 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻喂蠁蔚蟻蠈蟿伪谓 未喂伪蠁慰蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蔚维谓 尾蟻喂蟽魏蠈蟿伪谓 蟽蟿喂蟼 委未喂蔚蟼 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺喂慰 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏蠈 伪蟺慰 蠈位伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蟽蟿畏 尾维蟽畏 慰蠀蟽委伪 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 维未喂魏慰 萎 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿伪 未委魏喂慰.
螣 Aue 锟斤拷蟻慰苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 未喂伪蟿伪蟻伪纬渭苇谓慰 蟺伪喂未喂魏蠈 蠀蟺蠈尾伪胃蟻慰, 苇蠂蔚喂 蠄蠀蠂慰位慰纬喂魏苇蟼 蔚渭渭慰谓苇蟼 魏伪喂 蟽蔚尉慰蠀伪位喂魏维 未喂伪蟽蟿蟻慰蠁喂魏苇蟼 位伪纬谓蔚委蔚蟼,蠈蠂喂 蠅蟼 慰渭慰蠁蠀位蠈蠁喂位慰蟼, 伪位位维 蠅蟼 蟺伪蟻伪谓慰蠆魏维 伪谓蔚尉苇位蔚纬魏蟿慰蟼 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 蟽蠂喂味慰蠁蟻蔚谓喂魏萎 畏未慰谓喂魏萎 位伪蟿蟻蔚委伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏谓 未委未蠀渭畏 伪未蔚位蠁萎 蟿慰蠀.
螆谓伪 蟿苇蟻伪蟼, 苇谓伪 纬慰畏蟿蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 魏伪位位喂蔚蟻纬畏渭苇谓慰 蟿苇蟻伪蟼.
螆谓伪蟼 螆位位畏谓伪蟼 渭蔚位蔚蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿畏蟼 伪蟻蠂伪委伪蟼 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼, 位维蟿蟻畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 蔚位位畏谓喂魏慰蠉 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭慰蠉, 蟿畏蟼 魏位伪蟽喂魏萎蟼 渭慰蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼, 蟿畏蟼 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼.
螆谓伪蟼 蠁慰喂蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟿慰蠀 螤位维蟿蠅谓伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 尾位苇蟺蔚喂 魏伪渭委伪 未喂蠂慰蟿蠈渭畏蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚蠀胃蠀纬蟻维渭渭喂蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 谓伪味喂蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 胃蔚蠅蟻委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 蠀蠄畏位蠈蟿蔚蟻蔚蟼 伪尉委蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 伪蟻蠂伪委蠅谓. 螤蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 未蔚委尉蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 慰喂 蟽蠁伪纬苇蟼, 慰喂 未慰位慰蠁慰谓委蔚蟼, 畏 未喂伪蠁胃慰蟻维 魏伪喂 慰 蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 伪谓伪蟺蠈蠁蔚蠀魏蟿蔚蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿维蟽蔚喂蟼 蔚伪谓 慰 魏蠈蟽渭慰蟼 渭慰喂蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委 未喂魏伪喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏维.
螣喂 谓伪味委 未喂慰蟻胃蠋谓慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蟺伪蟻伪魏渭萎 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟺蟻慰苇位胃蔚喂 蟽蔚 渭委伪 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪 蟿维尉畏, 魏维谓慰蠀谓 渭喂伪 伪谓伪纬魏伪委伪 未喂蠈蟻胃蠅蟽畏, 渭委伪 蔚蟺伪谓蔚蠀胃蠀纬蟻维渭渭喂蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 蔚蟺伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 蟽蟿畏谓 蠁蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蟻蔚委伪.
螣 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蔚喂蟽苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 魏蔚蠁维位喂 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰蠀 伪尉喂蠅渭伪蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟿蠅谓 谓伪味委 渭蔚 蟿喂蟼 渭蔚胃蠈未慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀 渭伪蟻魏畏蟽委慰蠀 谓蟿蔚 危伪谓蟿 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 螠蟺伪蟿维喂纬. 韦畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 蟿畏蟼 蟺伪蟻伪尾委伪蟽畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 蠁伪谓蟿伪蟽蟿喂魏蠋谓 魏伪喂 伪魏蟻伪委蠅谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻尾慰位蠋谓.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 未喂魏伪喂慰位慰锟斤拷萎蟽蔚喂 蟿伪 伪未喂魏伪喂慰位蠈纬畏蟿伪, 慰蠀蟻位喂维味蔚喂 蠈渭蠅蟼, 渭蔚 魏维胃蔚 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 蔚谓蠈蠂位畏蟽畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻伪尾委伪蟽畏蟼, 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏胃蔚委 慰 委未喂慰蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻慰.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 螘尾蟻伪蠆魏萎 蔚魏魏苇谓蠅蟽畏 蟽蠅渭维蟿蠅谓 渭伪喂 蠄蠀蠂蠋谓 伪蟺慰 苇谓伪谓 魏蠈蟽渭慰 蠁蠀位蔚蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蠁伪蟽喂蟽蟿喂魏维 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻慰, 伪谓 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪喂 蔚魏蟿蔚谓蠋蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 伪蟺伪蟻维渭喂位位畏 蟽魏位畏蟻蠈蟿畏蟿伪 慰喂 蔚魏魏伪胃伪蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 未慰位慰蠁慰谓委蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 螁蟻喂慰蠀 苇胃谓慰蠀蟼.
螖蔚谓 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿慰蠀蟼 危蟿伪位喂谓喂魏慰蠉蟼 渭伪魏蔚位维蟻畏未蔚蟼 蟺慰蠀 未慰位慰蠁慰谓慰蠉蟽伪谓 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿喂渭萎谓 蟿畏蟼 伪蟿伪尉喂魏萎蟼 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪蟼 渭蔚 苇谓伪谓 围委蟿位蔚蟻-危蟿维位喂谓 渭蟺慰位蟽蔚尾委魏慰, 蠀蟺苇蟻渭伪蠂慰 蟿畏蟼 慰蠀蟿慰蟺喂魏萎蟼 喂蟽蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 魏慰位蔚魏蟿喂尾慰蟺慰委畏蟽畏蟼.
螣蠉蟿蔚 魏伪谓 纬喂伪 蟺伪谓伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓蔚蟼 蔚喂蟻畏谓喂魏苇蟼 未喂伪胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 魏伪喂 伪尉喂蠋渭伪蟿伪 胃伪蟻蟻伪位苇蠅谓 畏蟻蠋蠅谓 魏伪喂 蟺蔚蟽蠈谓蟿蠅谓, 喂未蔚慰位蠈纬蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 蟺委蟽蟿蔚蠄伪谓 蟺蠅蟼 慰喂 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪蟿蔚蠉胃蠀谓蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉谓 谓伪 蟺维蟻慰蠀谓 慰渭伪未喂魏维 慰喂 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽渭苇谓慰喂, 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿畏谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻伪蟽蟺喂蟽蟿慰蠉谓 慰喂 未喂伪谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰喂 渭蔚 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 伪谓蠋蟿蔚蟻畏 未蠉谓伪渭畏 魏伪蟿维 蟿慰蠀 蠁伪蟽喂蟽渭慰蠉.
韦慰 魏伪魏蠈 蟺蟻慰苇蟻蠂蔚蟿伪喂 伪蟺慰 蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟺维谓蟿伪 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰 魏维胃蔚 渭慰蟻蠁萎 蟿畏蟼.
韦畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪纬魏伪位喂维味蔚喂 魏蠀尾蔚蟻谓萎蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟽蠂慰位蔚委伪, 尾喂尾位委伪,蟿苇蠂谓蔚蟼, 魏苇蟻未畏, 胃蟻畏蟽魏蔚委蔚蟼.
螝蠀蟻委蠅蟼 蠈渭蠅蟼 畏 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 伪纬魏伪位喂维味蔚喂 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 蔚胃委味慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 谓蠈渭慰蠀蟼, 蟽蠀渭蠁苇蟻慰谓蟿伪, 蟿喂渭蠅蟻委蔚蟼, 伪蟺伪纬慰蟻蔚蠉蟽蔚喂蟼, 未喂伪蟿伪纬苇蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓蟿伪渭慰喂尾苇蟼.
螒蠀蟿慰委 慰喂 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰喂 蔚委谓伪喂 慰喂 魏慰蠀蟻维未蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 螠慰位蠈蠂.
螠慰位蠉谓慰蠀谓 蟿慰谓 蟺位伪谓萎蟿畏, 未蔚谓 尉苇蟻慰蠀谓 谓伪 伪纬伪蟺慰蠉谓, 蠁慰尾慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 谓伪 蟺蔚胃维谓慰蠀谓 魏伪喂 伪蟻谓慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 谓伪 味萎蟽慰蠀谓. 韦蟻蔚渭慰蠀谓 慰蟿喂未萎蟺慰蟿蔚 伪蟺蔚委胃伪蟻蠂慰, 蠂伪慰蟿喂魏蠈, 蔚位蔚蠉胃蔚蟻慰 魏伪喂 蠁蠀蟽喂魏蠈.
螘喂谓伪喂 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀 慰喂 未蠀谓伪蟿慰委 蟺慰蠀 慰蟻委味慰蠀谓 蟿畏 渭慰委蟻伪 渭伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 蟺位伪谓萎蟿畏 蠅蟼 蟿伪 蟺喂慰 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蟿蟻慰渭伪纬渭苇谓伪 味蠋伪.
危蟿蟻伪蟿喂蠅蟿喂魏慰委, 魏蠀尾蔚蟻谓萎蟿蔚蟼, 伪蟽蟿蠀谓慰渭喂魏慰委, 蔚蟺委蟽魏慰蟺慰喂, 维胃位喂慰喂 渭伪位维魏蔚蟼 渭慰谓蟽喂谓喂蠈蟻慰喂, 伪谓苇蟻伪蟽蟿慰喂 魏伪喂 蟺蟻蠅魏蟿蠈 魏伪蟿伪谓伪纬魏伪蟽蟿喂魏慰委 蔚位蔚纬蠂慰渭伪谓蔚委蟼-蔚尉慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿苇蟼, 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻苇蠁慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 慰渭慰蟻蠁喂维 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿畏蟼 蠁蠀蟽喂魏萎蟼 谓慰渭慰蟿苇位蔚喂伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蟻慰魏伪位慰蠉谓 慰未蠀谓畏蟻苇蟼 蟺位畏纬苇蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟽蟿慰 蠈谓慰渭伪 蟿畏蟼 蔚喂蟻萎谓畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼. 危蟿慰 尾蠅渭蠈 蟿慰蠀 螛蔚慰蠉.
危蟿伪渭伪蟿蠋 蔚未蠋 ( 尉蠉蟺谓畏蟽蔚 渭苇蟽伪 渭慰蠀 慰 韦蟻蠀蟺慰魏维蟻蠀未慰蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻伪位畏蟻蔚委 )
螖喂伪尾维蟽蟿蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 伪蠁蠈蟻畏蟿慰 苇蟺慰蟼.
螒尉委味蔚喂.
螝伪位萎 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏.
螤慰位位慰蠉蟼 伪蟽蟺伪蟽渭慰蠉蟼.
馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃懡馃懣馃拃鈽狅笍馃拃鈽狅笍馃懡馃懣
(螖蔚谓 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪 谓伪 纬蟻维蠄蠅 位喂纬蠈蟿蔚蟻伪). 馃槼
December 18, 2015
"I live, I do what can be done, it's the same for everyone, I am a man like other men, I am a man like you. I tell you I am just like you!"
-- Jonathan Littell, The Kindly Ones
This is a hard book to review. It is like walking out of a David Lynch movie and feeling brain raped by the artist. How exactly to you attempt to explore the depths of Nazi Germany without feeling dark, abused, and sick afterwards? From conversations I've had with those who've hated this novel (and British critics I've read) there is far too much shit, incest, anal sex and death. Certainly. But how exactly do you descend into the depths of Nazi hell without pushing through gouts of madness, clumps of wickedness and wads of depravity? You don't.
Littell uses Obersturmbannf眉hrer Maximilien Aue (a "cultured", SS Zelig) to explore how an unrepentant rationalist, a bureaucrat, an intellectual could participate in, defend, and justify the extermination of a race. Aue doesn't wrestle any Jewish angels. No, he wrestles himself, his country, his ideology, his sanity. The slow decent of mad Max is a way for Littell to explore the absurd and tortured NAZI self-justifications for their actions.
Littell also uses Max to incriminate us all as a species. How close are we to those in Germany during WWII? We like to think we are better, more moral, kinder, respectable, innocent. Are we? Or are we simply blessed by chance because we don't find ourselves surrounded by madness, wickedness, and final solutions? Does circumstance and chance really make us better? Does the fact that we find ourselves, by fate's mad roll, distant from both victim AND victimizer give us any room to think we exist in a field that really separates us from the horrors of Germany (or Nigeria, or Sudan, or Afghanistan, or Somolia, or Serbia, or Cambodia, or Burma, or North Korea)?
Again, this is not a novel for the faint of heart (or my mother). It doesn't have a happy ending. Hell, it doesn't have a happy beginning, middle, or single clean signature. It is a cold book sewn together with sick corruptions, musical madness, and omnipresent death. It is a dance of evil, a fugue of plagues, a bile-filled nightmare on every page. Yes, I'm glad I read it, but I'm also sure as f#&k glad it is finished.
-- Jonathan Littell, The Kindly Ones
This is a hard book to review. It is like walking out of a David Lynch movie and feeling brain raped by the artist. How exactly to you attempt to explore the depths of Nazi Germany without feeling dark, abused, and sick afterwards? From conversations I've had with those who've hated this novel (and British critics I've read) there is far too much shit, incest, anal sex and death. Certainly. But how exactly do you descend into the depths of Nazi hell without pushing through gouts of madness, clumps of wickedness and wads of depravity? You don't.
Littell uses Obersturmbannf眉hrer Maximilien Aue (a "cultured", SS Zelig) to explore how an unrepentant rationalist, a bureaucrat, an intellectual could participate in, defend, and justify the extermination of a race. Aue doesn't wrestle any Jewish angels. No, he wrestles himself, his country, his ideology, his sanity. The slow decent of mad Max is a way for Littell to explore the absurd and tortured NAZI self-justifications for their actions.
Littell also uses Max to incriminate us all as a species. How close are we to those in Germany during WWII? We like to think we are better, more moral, kinder, respectable, innocent. Are we? Or are we simply blessed by chance because we don't find ourselves surrounded by madness, wickedness, and final solutions? Does circumstance and chance really make us better? Does the fact that we find ourselves, by fate's mad roll, distant from both victim AND victimizer give us any room to think we exist in a field that really separates us from the horrors of Germany (or Nigeria, or Sudan, or Afghanistan, or Somolia, or Serbia, or Cambodia, or Burma, or North Korea)?
Again, this is not a novel for the faint of heart (or my mother). It doesn't have a happy ending. Hell, it doesn't have a happy beginning, middle, or single clean signature. It is a cold book sewn together with sick corruptions, musical madness, and omnipresent death. It is a dance of evil, a fugue of plagues, a bile-filled nightmare on every page. Yes, I'm glad I read it, but I'm also sure as f#&k glad it is finished.
May 5, 2025
孝褉褟斜胁邪 写邪 褋械 锌褉芯褔械褌械!
袠 蟹邪 锌芯褉械写械薪 锌褗褌 写芯泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 械写薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪 褋褌懈谐邪 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写械 邪胁褌芯褉褗褌 褲 芯褌谢懈褔械薪 芯褌 屑邪褋邪褌邪 懈 蟹邪锌芯屑薪械薪 蟹邪 褑褟谢 卸懈胁芯褌.
袣邪泻褌芯 械 锌懈褋邪谢 屑芯褟褌 泻薪懈卸械薪 锌褉懈褟褌械谢 袙懈泻褌芯褉 - 褌芯胁邪 械 褔械褌懈胁芯 懈蟹泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 蟹邪 锌芯写谐芯褌胁械薪懈 褔懈褌邪褌械谢懈!
袠 蟹邪 锌芯褉械写械薪 锌褗褌 写芯泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 械写薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪 褋褌懈谐邪 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写械 邪胁褌芯褉褗褌 褲 芯褌谢懈褔械薪 芯褌 屑邪褋邪褌邪 懈 蟹邪锌芯屑薪械薪 蟹邪 褑褟谢 卸懈胁芯褌.
袣邪泻褌芯 械 锌懈褋邪谢 屑芯褟褌 泻薪懈卸械薪 锌褉懈褟褌械谢 袙懈泻褌芯褉 - 褌芯胁邪 械 褔械褌懈胁芯 懈蟹泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 蟹邪 锌芯写谐芯褌胁械薪懈 褔懈褌邪褌械谢懈!
December 24, 2011
So . . . the war. The Second one. Or is that the Second One? Do we capitalise all Things Pertaining to the War? I think it鈥檚 appropriate to capitalise when referring to the Greatest Atrocity in All of Mankind . . . or if not appropriate, respectful. And people, well, people keep writing books about It. That War. That Pesky War! This near-1000-page novel is the rambling testament of SS officer Dr. Max Aue, devoted Hauptsturmf眉hrer (Captain), later Standartenf眉hrer (Major), semi-repentant monster and lunatic, following his humble beginnings liquidating all non-Aryans to his time, uh, liquidating all non-Aryans.
The novel is written in a flat first-person prose, heavily factual with some surgical dissections of the narrator鈥檚 complex emotional life. The breadth of research on display is outstanding (Littell spent five years researching and less than a year writing the book) and the reader gets swept along in these rhythmic flows of gruesome insider information鈥攂landly descriptive horrors keep the reader going through shock, acting as an unfortunate emotional catalyst. Largely, however, the book is about the collapsing bureaucracy of the Nazi regime, rendering absurd their illogical brand of single-minded barbarism as a kind of Weltanschauung through cold unbiased fact.
Critics of the book complain about the narrator鈥檚 obsession with excrement, but excrement acts as an unpleasant metaphor for his disturbed mental state, for the rotten world of wartime Europe鈥擬ax Aue might have murdered his mother and stepfather, and still holds a torch for his sister whom he sodomised as a teenager. This warped one-way romance builds to a devastating pitch 900 pages in (worth the wait) where he falls into a perverse erotic fantasy, merging his body to his sister鈥檚 by writhing in her bed sheets, imagining himself back in the snug seat of his mother鈥檚 womb. The suggestion being Max, nor his colleagues, should have ever left the womb, or ever ceased being infants.
Plus, critics hate long novels. They have to review four or five per week, they can鈥檛 be doing with 1000-page monsters with conflicting moral messages. This Novel About the War, however, is an absolutely breathtaking piece鈥攁 fresh and contentious addition to an already bursting market. Sure, it has its flaws: suffocating marshes of micro-detail and long dialogues between SS officers of an often tedious nature, but the overall execution is coolly done, as if JG Ballard had written about the War. Oh, hang on . . . So, if you have a spare 25 hours this week, make this one a priority. A modern classic? No. But damn good.
The novel is written in a flat first-person prose, heavily factual with some surgical dissections of the narrator鈥檚 complex emotional life. The breadth of research on display is outstanding (Littell spent five years researching and less than a year writing the book) and the reader gets swept along in these rhythmic flows of gruesome insider information鈥攂landly descriptive horrors keep the reader going through shock, acting as an unfortunate emotional catalyst. Largely, however, the book is about the collapsing bureaucracy of the Nazi regime, rendering absurd their illogical brand of single-minded barbarism as a kind of Weltanschauung through cold unbiased fact.
Critics of the book complain about the narrator鈥檚 obsession with excrement, but excrement acts as an unpleasant metaphor for his disturbed mental state, for the rotten world of wartime Europe鈥擬ax Aue might have murdered his mother and stepfather, and still holds a torch for his sister whom he sodomised as a teenager. This warped one-way romance builds to a devastating pitch 900 pages in (worth the wait) where he falls into a perverse erotic fantasy, merging his body to his sister鈥檚 by writhing in her bed sheets, imagining himself back in the snug seat of his mother鈥檚 womb. The suggestion being Max, nor his colleagues, should have ever left the womb, or ever ceased being infants.
Plus, critics hate long novels. They have to review four or five per week, they can鈥檛 be doing with 1000-page monsters with conflicting moral messages. This Novel About the War, however, is an absolutely breathtaking piece鈥攁 fresh and contentious addition to an already bursting market. Sure, it has its flaws: suffocating marshes of micro-detail and long dialogues between SS officers of an often tedious nature, but the overall execution is coolly done, as if JG Ballard had written about the War. Oh, hang on . . . So, if you have a spare 25 hours this week, make this one a priority. A modern classic? No. But damn good.
December 18, 2020
孝械 屑懈褋谢褟褌 写芯斜褉芯褌芯 薪邪 褔芯胁械褔械褋褌胁芯褌芯. 袠褋泻邪褌 写邪 谐芯 芯褌褗褉胁邪褌 芯褌 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 褋屑褟褌邪褌 蟹邪 薪械褔懈褋褌懈 械谢械屑械薪褌懈 胁 薪械谐芯, 蟹邪 写邪 屑芯卸械 褋胁械褌褗褌 写邪 谢褗褋薪械 泻邪褌芯 薪芯胁懈褔泻邪 泻褉褗谐谢邪 屑芯薪械褌邪 芯褌 械写薪邪 褉邪泄褏褋屑邪褉泻邪. 孝械 邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈褉邪褌 锌械写邪薪褌懈褔薪芯 胁褋械泻懈 褋胁芯泄 褏芯写, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 屑褉邪蟹褟褌 写邪 芯褋褌邪胁褟褌 薪械褖邪褌邪 薪邪 褋谢褍褔邪泄薪芯褋褌褌邪. 孝械 褋邪 斜谢械褋褌褟褖芯 械褉褍写懈褉邪薪懈 懈 褔械褋褌芯 褋邪 谐芯褉写懈 薪芯褋懈褌械谢懈 薪邪 邪泻邪写械屑懈褔薪懈 褌懈褌谢懈. 袨斜懈褔邪褌 褏懈谐懈械薪邪褌邪 胁褗芯斜褖械, 薪械 褋邪屑芯 褉邪褋芯胁邪褌邪.
袛芯斜褉械 写芯褕谢懈 胁 褋胁械褌邪 薪邪 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械.
袦邪泻褋 袗褍械, 写芯泻褌芯褉 锌芯 锌褉邪胁芯, 胁 屑懈薪邪谢芯褌芯 褔谢械薪 薪邪 小小, 锌芯薪邪褋褌芯褟褖械屑 褍锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢 薪邪 褎邪斜褉懈泻邪 蟹邪 写邪薪褌械谢懈 薪褟泻褗写械 胁褗胁 肖褉邪薪褑懈褟, 褋褗褖芯 械 斜懈谢 胁 褉械写懈褑懈褌械 薪邪 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械. 袪邪蟹泻邪蟹褗褌 蟹邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 屑褍 锌褉芯褌懈褔邪 芯褌 锌褗褉胁芯 谢懈褑械, 懈 写邪, 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪 懈 芯薪械蟹懈 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 谐芯写懈薪懈 薪邪 袠蟹褌芯褔薪懈褟 褎褉芯薪褌. 袙褗褉褕械谢 械 薪械懈蟹褉邪蟹懈屑懈, 薪械锌褉芯懈蟹薪芯褋懈屑懈 薪械褖邪. 效懈褌邪褌械谢褟褌 屑薪芯谐芯 懈褋泻邪 写邪 谐芯 薪邪屑褉邪蟹懈, 薪械 械 谢懈 褌芯胁邪 懈写械褟褌邪 薪邪 褌邪泻懈胁邪 泻薪懈谐懈 鈥� 写邪 薪懈 薪邪泻邪褉邪褌 写邪 胁褗蟹薪械胁懈写懈屑 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈褌械 懈 薪邪谢褍写薪懈褔邪胁邪褌邪 懈屑 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟. 孝邪屑 械 褉邪斜芯褌邪褌邪, 褔械 锌褉械蟹 锌芯-谐芯谢褟屑邪褌邪 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 锌芯胁械褋褌胁芯胁邪薪懈械褌芯 写-褉 袗褍械 薪械 械 褋邪写懈褋褌褗褌, 锌褋懈褏芯锌邪褌褗褌 懈 薪械薪芯褉屑邪谢薪懈泻褗褌, 薪邪 泻芯泄褌芯 褋屑械 褋泻谢芯薪薪懈 写邪 锌褉懈锌懈褕械屑 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈 写械褟薪懈褟. 袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌, 褌芯泄 械 褍卸邪褋褟胁邪褖芯 薪芯褉屑邪谢械薪. 袣邪褌芯 薪邪褋, 芯褋褌邪薪邪谢懈褌械 薪芯褉屑邪谢薪懈 褏芯褉邪, 褍斜械写械薪芯 胁褟褉胁邪褖懈, 褔械 薪械 褋屑械 褋锌芯褋芯斜薪懈 写邪 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈屑 薪械褖邪褌邪, 泻芯懈褌芯 褌芯泄 械 胁褗褉褕懈谢.
袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌, 邪泻芯 懈屑邪 薪械褖芯 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 胁 薪械谐芯, 褌芯胁邪 械 懈写械邪谢懈蟹屑褗褌 屑褍 懈 胁褗蟹胁懈褕械薪芯-斜芯谢薪懈褟褌 褋褌褉械屑械卸, 胁锌褉芯褔械屑 泻邪褌芯 褍 屑薪芯蟹懈薪邪 锌褉邪胁芯胁械褉薪懈 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈, 泻褗屑 褌芯褌邪谢薪芯 褍薪懈褖芯卸械薪懈械, 泻褗屑 械写懈薪 褋胁芯械芯斜褉邪蟹械薪 鈥溞椥靶恍敌� 薪邪 斜芯谐芯胁械褌械鈥� (锌芯 袙邪谐薪械褉). 楔懈褉芯泻懈褌械 泻褍谢褌褍褉薪懈 褏芯褉懈蟹芯薪褌懈 懈 屑褉邪褔薪懈褟褌 屑褍 薪懈褏懈谢懈蟹褗屑 褋邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褑胁褟褌 胁 斜械蟹写薪邪褌邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟胁邪 斜懈芯谐褉邪褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 袦邪泻褋 袗褍械.
袠 邪泻芯 褋懈 屑懈褋谢懈屑, 褔械 褑懈薪懈褔薪懈褌械 褉邪蟹屑懈褋谢懈 薪邪 械写懈薪 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋褌胁邪褖 薪邪褑懈褋褌 褋邪 锌谢邪褕械褖懈, 褌械 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 芯褋胁械褌谢褟胁邪褌 械写懈薪 邪褋锌械泻褌 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻邪褌邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪, 蟹邪 泻芯泄褌芯 薪懈 械 褋褌褉邪褏 写邪 褋懈 写邪写械屑 褋屑械褌泻邪. 小褌邪褌懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈, 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋褗褋 褋邪写懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 薪邪泻谢芯薪薪芯褋褌懈 薪械 褋邪 屑薪芯蟹懈薪褋褌胁芯褌芯 胁 械写薪芯 芯斜褖械褋褌胁芯. 袚芯谢褟屑邪 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 薪械谐芯 褋械 褋褗褋褌芯懈 芯褌 鈥溞叫狙€屑邪谢薪懈褌械鈥�, 芯斜懈褌邪胁邪褖懈 褋褉械写薪懈褟 卸懈褌械泄褋泻懈 褋锌械泻褌褗褉. 袩芯写谢芯卸械薪懈 薪邪 褋懈褋褌械屑薪邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻邪 锌褉芯屑懈胁泻邪, 蟹邪写胁懈卸械薪懈 芯褌 鈥溞垦€邪胁懈谢薪懈褌械鈥� 屑械褏邪薪懈蟹屑懈 薪邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪邪 屑邪褕懈薪邪, 泻褗写械 褋 锌芯胁械褔械, 泻褗写械 褋 锌芯-屑邪谢泻芯 锌褉懈谢芯卸械薪 泄械褉邪褉褏懈褔械薪 薪邪褌懈褋泻, 褌械蟹懈 褏芯褉邪 褋邪 褋泻谢芯薪薪懈 写邪 胁褗褉褕邪褌, 懈 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 胁褗褉褕邪褌, 薪械屑懈褋谢懈屑懈 蟹邪 褌褟褏 薪械褖邪. 小褌褉邪薪懈褔薪懈褌械 褎邪泻褌芯褉懈 懈 屑芯褌懈胁邪褑懈懈 鈥� 泻邪褉懈械褉械薪 薪邪锌褉械写褗泻, 屑邪谢芯写褍褕懈械, 褋褌褉邪褏 芯褌 褋邪薪泻褑懈懈, 褉邪蟹泻褉懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 懈薪褌懈屑薪邪 褌邪泄薪邪, 写芯褉懈 褔褍胁褋褌胁芯 蟹邪 写褗谢谐, 懈谐褉邪褟褌 胁褌芯褉芯褋褌械锌械薪薪邪 褉芯谢褟. 孝械 褋邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褋屑邪蟹泻邪褌邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 谐邪褉邪薪褌懈褉邪, 褔械 屑邪褕懈薪邪褌邪 褉邪斜芯褌懈 谐谢邪写泻芯. 袧芯 锌芯褋谢械写薪邪褌邪 胁械褔械 械 蟹邪写胁懈卸械薪邪.
袦械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪懈褌械 薪邪泻邪蟹邪褌械谢薪懈 褌褉懈斜褍薪邪谢懈 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 谐械薪芯褑懈写邪 鈥溞垦€械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械 薪邪 锌褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈褟褌邪鈥�, 邪泻芯 胁褗芯斜褖械 械 褍屑械褋褌薪邪 泄械褉邪褉褏懈褟褌邪 薪邪 邪薪褌懈芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 锌褉芯褟胁懈. 袧邪褉械写 褋 薪械谐芯胁懈褌械 屑懈褋谢芯胁薪懈 邪褉褏懈褌械泻褌懈, 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 谐芯谢褟屑邪 泻邪褌械谐芯褉懈褟 谢懈褑邪, 斜械蟹 泻芯懈褌芯 芯褋褗褖械褋褌胁褟胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 锌褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 械 薪械胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯 鈥� 褎懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈褌械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢懈, 薪邪斜懈褉邪薪懈 懈蟹 鈥溠埿秆€芯泻懈褌械 褋谢芯械胁械 薪邪 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械褌芯鈥�.
孝邪 褌邪泻邪, 锌褉械写懈屑薪芯 褋褗胁械褋褌薪懈, 褉邪斜芯褌谢懈胁懈 懈 褍褋褗褉写薪懈 褏芯褉邪 芯斜懈褌邪胁邪褌 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁芯褌芯 薪邪 褉芯屑邪薪邪.
鈥溞斝拘毖€芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械鈥� 械 褌褉褍写薪邪, 屑褗褔懈褌械谢薪邪 懈 懈蟹懈褋泻胁邪褖邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 薪械 械 蟹邪 褌械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 褌械锌褗褉胁邪 锌褉懈褋褌褗锌胁邪褌 泻褗屑 褌械屑邪褌邪 蟹邪 薪邪褑懈蟹屑邪 懈 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉邪褑懈芯薪薪懈褌械 谢邪谐械褉懈. 袨褋胁械薪, 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪 褋械, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褌械屑邪褌邪, 褌褉褍写薪芯褋褌褌邪 懈写胁邪 懈 芯褌 懈蟹褍屑懈褌械谢薪邪褌邪 械褉褍写懈褑懈褟, 褋 泻芯褟褌芯 械 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪邪, 锌械写邪薪褌懈褔薪芯褌芯 斜芯褉邪胁械薪械 褋 褌械褉屑懈薪懈 芯褌 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褑懈褟, 胁褋械褋褌褉邪薪薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 锌芯褋谢邪薪懈褟褌邪 懈 懈写械懈褌械 蟹邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢 薪邪 屑薪芯谐芯 薪懈胁邪.
袛芯斜褉械 写芯褕谢懈 胁 褋胁械褌邪 薪邪 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械.
袦邪泻褋 袗褍械, 写芯泻褌芯褉 锌芯 锌褉邪胁芯, 胁 屑懈薪邪谢芯褌芯 褔谢械薪 薪邪 小小, 锌芯薪邪褋褌芯褟褖械屑 褍锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢 薪邪 褎邪斜褉懈泻邪 蟹邪 写邪薪褌械谢懈 薪褟泻褗写械 胁褗胁 肖褉邪薪褑懈褟, 褋褗褖芯 械 斜懈谢 胁 褉械写懈褑懈褌械 薪邪 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械. 袪邪蟹泻邪蟹褗褌 蟹邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 屑褍 锌褉芯褌懈褔邪 芯褌 锌褗褉胁芯 谢懈褑械, 懈 写邪, 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪 懈 芯薪械蟹懈 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 谐芯写懈薪懈 薪邪 袠蟹褌芯褔薪懈褟 褎褉芯薪褌. 袙褗褉褕械谢 械 薪械懈蟹褉邪蟹懈屑懈, 薪械锌褉芯懈蟹薪芯褋懈屑懈 薪械褖邪. 效懈褌邪褌械谢褟褌 屑薪芯谐芯 懈褋泻邪 写邪 谐芯 薪邪屑褉邪蟹懈, 薪械 械 谢懈 褌芯胁邪 懈写械褟褌邪 薪邪 褌邪泻懈胁邪 泻薪懈谐懈 鈥� 写邪 薪懈 薪邪泻邪褉邪褌 写邪 胁褗蟹薪械胁懈写懈屑 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈褌械 懈 薪邪谢褍写薪懈褔邪胁邪褌邪 懈屑 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟. 孝邪屑 械 褉邪斜芯褌邪褌邪, 褔械 锌褉械蟹 锌芯-谐芯谢褟屑邪褌邪 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 锌芯胁械褋褌胁芯胁邪薪懈械褌芯 写-褉 袗褍械 薪械 械 褋邪写懈褋褌褗褌, 锌褋懈褏芯锌邪褌褗褌 懈 薪械薪芯褉屑邪谢薪懈泻褗褌, 薪邪 泻芯泄褌芯 褋屑械 褋泻谢芯薪薪懈 写邪 锌褉懈锌懈褕械屑 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈 写械褟薪懈褟. 袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌, 褌芯泄 械 褍卸邪褋褟胁邪褖芯 薪芯褉屑邪谢械薪. 袣邪褌芯 薪邪褋, 芯褋褌邪薪邪谢懈褌械 薪芯褉屑邪谢薪懈 褏芯褉邪, 褍斜械写械薪芯 胁褟褉胁邪褖懈, 褔械 薪械 褋屑械 褋锌芯褋芯斜薪懈 写邪 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈屑 薪械褖邪褌邪, 泻芯懈褌芯 褌芯泄 械 胁褗褉褕懈谢.
袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌, 邪泻芯 懈屑邪 薪械褖芯 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 胁 薪械谐芯, 褌芯胁邪 械 懈写械邪谢懈蟹屑褗褌 屑褍 懈 胁褗蟹胁懈褕械薪芯-斜芯谢薪懈褟褌 褋褌褉械屑械卸, 胁锌褉芯褔械屑 泻邪褌芯 褍 屑薪芯蟹懈薪邪 锌褉邪胁芯胁械褉薪懈 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈, 泻褗屑 褌芯褌邪谢薪芯 褍薪懈褖芯卸械薪懈械, 泻褗屑 械写懈薪 褋胁芯械芯斜褉邪蟹械薪 鈥溞椥靶恍敌� 薪邪 斜芯谐芯胁械褌械鈥� (锌芯 袙邪谐薪械褉). 楔懈褉芯泻懈褌械 泻褍谢褌褍褉薪懈 褏芯褉懈蟹芯薪褌懈 懈 屑褉邪褔薪懈褟褌 屑褍 薪懈褏懈谢懈蟹褗屑 褋邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褑胁褟褌 胁 斜械蟹写薪邪褌邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟胁邪 斜懈芯谐褉邪褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 袦邪泻褋 袗褍械.
袠 邪泻芯 褋懈 屑懈褋谢懈屑, 褔械 褑懈薪懈褔薪懈褌械 褉邪蟹屑懈褋谢懈 薪邪 械写懈薪 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋褌胁邪褖 薪邪褑懈褋褌 褋邪 锌谢邪褕械褖懈, 褌械 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 芯褋胁械褌谢褟胁邪褌 械写懈薪 邪褋锌械泻褌 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻邪褌邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪, 蟹邪 泻芯泄褌芯 薪懈 械 褋褌褉邪褏 写邪 褋懈 写邪写械屑 褋屑械褌泻邪. 小褌邪褌懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈, 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋褗褋 褋邪写懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 薪邪泻谢芯薪薪芯褋褌懈 薪械 褋邪 屑薪芯蟹懈薪褋褌胁芯褌芯 胁 械写薪芯 芯斜褖械褋褌胁芯. 袚芯谢褟屑邪 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 薪械谐芯 褋械 褋褗褋褌芯懈 芯褌 鈥溞叫狙€屑邪谢薪懈褌械鈥�, 芯斜懈褌邪胁邪褖懈 褋褉械写薪懈褟 卸懈褌械泄褋泻懈 褋锌械泻褌褗褉. 袩芯写谢芯卸械薪懈 薪邪 褋懈褋褌械屑薪邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻邪 锌褉芯屑懈胁泻邪, 蟹邪写胁懈卸械薪懈 芯褌 鈥溞垦€邪胁懈谢薪懈褌械鈥� 屑械褏邪薪懈蟹屑懈 薪邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌懈褔薪邪 屑邪褕懈薪邪, 泻褗写械 褋 锌芯胁械褔械, 泻褗写械 褋 锌芯-屑邪谢泻芯 锌褉懈谢芯卸械薪 泄械褉邪褉褏懈褔械薪 薪邪褌懈褋泻, 褌械蟹懈 褏芯褉邪 褋邪 褋泻谢芯薪薪懈 写邪 胁褗褉褕邪褌, 懈 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 胁褗褉褕邪褌, 薪械屑懈褋谢懈屑懈 蟹邪 褌褟褏 薪械褖邪. 小褌褉邪薪懈褔薪懈褌械 褎邪泻褌芯褉懈 懈 屑芯褌懈胁邪褑懈懈 鈥� 泻邪褉懈械褉械薪 薪邪锌褉械写褗泻, 屑邪谢芯写褍褕懈械, 褋褌褉邪褏 芯褌 褋邪薪泻褑懈懈, 褉邪蟹泻褉懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 懈薪褌懈屑薪邪 褌邪泄薪邪, 写芯褉懈 褔褍胁褋褌胁芯 蟹邪 写褗谢谐, 懈谐褉邪褟褌 胁褌芯褉芯褋褌械锌械薪薪邪 褉芯谢褟. 孝械 褋邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褋屑邪蟹泻邪褌邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 谐邪褉邪薪褌懈褉邪, 褔械 屑邪褕懈薪邪褌邪 褉邪斜芯褌懈 谐谢邪写泻芯. 袧芯 锌芯褋谢械写薪邪褌邪 胁械褔械 械 蟹邪写胁懈卸械薪邪.
袦械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪懈褌械 薪邪泻邪蟹邪褌械谢薪懈 褌褉懈斜褍薪邪谢懈 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 谐械薪芯褑懈写邪 鈥溞垦€械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械 薪邪 锌褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈褟褌邪鈥�, 邪泻芯 胁褗芯斜褖械 械 褍屑械褋褌薪邪 泄械褉邪褉褏懈褟褌邪 薪邪 邪薪褌懈芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 锌褉芯褟胁懈. 袧邪褉械写 褋 薪械谐芯胁懈褌械 屑懈褋谢芯胁薪懈 邪褉褏懈褌械泻褌懈, 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 谐芯谢褟屑邪 泻邪褌械谐芯褉懈褟 谢懈褑邪, 斜械蟹 泻芯懈褌芯 芯褋褗褖械褋褌胁褟胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 锌褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 械 薪械胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯 鈥� 褎懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈褌械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢懈, 薪邪斜懈褉邪薪懈 懈蟹 鈥溠埿秆€芯泻懈褌械 褋谢芯械胁械 薪邪 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械褌芯鈥�.
孝邪 褌邪泻邪, 锌褉械写懈屑薪芯 褋褗胁械褋褌薪懈, 褉邪斜芯褌谢懈胁懈 懈 褍褋褗褉写薪懈 褏芯褉邪 芯斜懈褌邪胁邪褌 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁芯褌芯 薪邪 褉芯屑邪薪邪.
鈥溞斝拘毖€芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械鈥� 械 褌褉褍写薪邪, 屑褗褔懈褌械谢薪邪 懈 懈蟹懈褋泻胁邪褖邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 薪械 械 蟹邪 褌械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 褌械锌褗褉胁邪 锌褉懈褋褌褗锌胁邪褌 泻褗屑 褌械屑邪褌邪 蟹邪 薪邪褑懈蟹屑邪 懈 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉邪褑懈芯薪薪懈褌械 谢邪谐械褉懈. 袨褋胁械薪, 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪 褋械, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褌械屑邪褌邪, 褌褉褍写薪芯褋褌褌邪 懈写胁邪 懈 芯褌 懈蟹褍屑懈褌械谢薪邪褌邪 械褉褍写懈褑懈褟, 褋 泻芯褟褌芯 械 薪邪锌懈褋邪薪邪, 锌械写邪薪褌懈褔薪芯褌芯 斜芯褉邪胁械薪械 褋 褌械褉屑懈薪懈 芯褌 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褑懈褟, 胁褋械褋褌褉邪薪薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 锌芯褋谢邪薪懈褟褌邪 懈 懈写械懈褌械 蟹邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢 薪邪 屑薪芯谐芯 薪懈胁邪.
September 27, 2020
Sono queste le oltre novecento pagine con le quali ho chiuso il 2017 e iniziato il 2018. Indubbiamente una lettura poco adatta all鈥檃tmosfera natalizia ma, per me altrettanto indubbiamente, necessaria. Le Benevole 猫 un romanzo storico in cui sapere che il protagonista, Max Aue, 猫 un鈥檌nvenzione letteraria non serve a rendere il racconto pi霉 accettabile o a mitigare l鈥檕rrore.
Un鈥檈ccellente ricerca, una documentazione accurata e una grande capacit脿 introspettiva ci riportano indietro, fino alla seconda guerra mondiale per affrontare - impreparati, perch茅 la conoscenza delle atrocit脿 commesse non pu貌 mai preparare del tutto a una lettura del genere - il nazismo in tutta la sua ripugnanza. E non aiuta nemmeno il fatto che Max Aue sia una figura sgradevole. Nazista, colto, intelligente, melomane, incline alla violenza e alla perversione, ci d脿 fin dalle prime righe un鈥檌dea di quello cui andremo incontro perseverando nella lettura.
Fratelli umani, lasciate che vi racconti com'猫 andata. Non siamo tuoi fratelli, ribatterete voi, e non vogliamo saperlo. Ed 猫 ben vero che si tratta di una storia cupa, ma anche edificante, un vero racconto morale, ve l'assicuro. Rischia di essere un po' lungo, in fondo sono successe tante cose, ma se per caso non andate troppo di fretta, con un po' di fortuna troverete il tempo. E poi vi riguarda: vedrete che vi riguarda.
In queste prime parole, la chiave di tutto e anche il massimo dell鈥檕rrore: la rivelazione che il male non 猫 un鈥檈ntit脿 a s茅 stante, l鈥檌ncarnazione di qualcosa di soprannaturale. Il male 猫 umano, 猫 commesso da uomini come noi. 脠 la guerra, quel tipo di guerra nato col secondo conflitto mondiale e arrivato fino a oggi nei vari fronti aperti nell鈥檜ltimo secolo e non ancora chiusi, a rendere l鈥檜omo capace di qualunque gesto, capace di umiliare, torturare, uccidere altri esseri umani, portandolo a ripetersi che 猫 la necessit脿 di vincere a chiederlo.
Non bisogna dimenticare, lo ripetiamo spesso. Non si deve dimenticare per impedire che si ripeta. Mai pi霉, diciamo. Ma non abbiamo garanzie. E Littel in questo libro non fa che dirlo, ossessivamente, attraverso il racconto di Max Aue, col suo tono freddo, distante, tagliente, privo di qualunque emozione.
Un鈥檈ccellente ricerca, una documentazione accurata e una grande capacit脿 introspettiva ci riportano indietro, fino alla seconda guerra mondiale per affrontare - impreparati, perch茅 la conoscenza delle atrocit脿 commesse non pu貌 mai preparare del tutto a una lettura del genere - il nazismo in tutta la sua ripugnanza. E non aiuta nemmeno il fatto che Max Aue sia una figura sgradevole. Nazista, colto, intelligente, melomane, incline alla violenza e alla perversione, ci d脿 fin dalle prime righe un鈥檌dea di quello cui andremo incontro perseverando nella lettura.
Fratelli umani, lasciate che vi racconti com'猫 andata. Non siamo tuoi fratelli, ribatterete voi, e non vogliamo saperlo. Ed 猫 ben vero che si tratta di una storia cupa, ma anche edificante, un vero racconto morale, ve l'assicuro. Rischia di essere un po' lungo, in fondo sono successe tante cose, ma se per caso non andate troppo di fretta, con un po' di fortuna troverete il tempo. E poi vi riguarda: vedrete che vi riguarda.
In queste prime parole, la chiave di tutto e anche il massimo dell鈥檕rrore: la rivelazione che il male non 猫 un鈥檈ntit脿 a s茅 stante, l鈥檌ncarnazione di qualcosa di soprannaturale. Il male 猫 umano, 猫 commesso da uomini come noi. 脠 la guerra, quel tipo di guerra nato col secondo conflitto mondiale e arrivato fino a oggi nei vari fronti aperti nell鈥檜ltimo secolo e non ancora chiusi, a rendere l鈥檜omo capace di qualunque gesto, capace di umiliare, torturare, uccidere altri esseri umani, portandolo a ripetersi che 猫 la necessit脿 di vincere a chiederlo.
Non bisogna dimenticare, lo ripetiamo spesso. Non si deve dimenticare per impedire che si ripeta. Mai pi霉, diciamo. Ma non abbiamo garanzie. E Littel in questo libro non fa che dirlo, ossessivamente, attraverso il racconto di Max Aue, col suo tono freddo, distante, tagliente, privo di qualunque emozione.
April 30, 2013
Rating: 3* of five
The Publisher Says: "Oh my human brothers, let me tell you how it happened." So begins the chilling fictional memoir of Dr. Maximilien Aue, a former Nazi officer who has reinvented himself, many years after the war, as a middle-class family man and factory owner in France.
Max is an intellectual steeped in philosophy, literature, and classical music. He is also a cold-blooded assassin and the consummate bureaucrat. Through the eyes of this cultivated yet monstrous man, we experience in disturbingly precise detail the horrors of the Second World War and the Nazi genocide of the Jews. During the period from June 1941 through April 1945, Max is posted to Poland, the Ukraine, and the Caucasus; he is present at the Battle of Stalingrad and at Auschwitz; and he lives through the chaos of the final days of the Nazi regime in Berlin. Although Max is a totally imagined character, his world is peopled by real historical figures, such as Eichmann, Himmler, Goring, Speer, Heyrich, Hoss, and Hitler himself.
A supreme historical epic and a haunting work of fiction, Jonathan Littell's masterpiece is intense, hallucinatory, and utterly original. Published to impressive critical acclaim in France in 2006, it went on to win the Prix Goncourt, that country's most prestigious literary award, and sparked a broad range of responses and questions from readers: How does fiction deal with the nature of human evil? How should a novel encompass the Holocaust? At what point do history and fiction come together and where do they separate?
A provocative and controversial work of literature, The Kindly Ones is a morally challenging read; it holds up a mirror to humanity--and the reader cannot look away.
My Review: The Kindly Ones is more than a morally challenging read; it makes me feel deeply unclean. I don't have any idea what I would do, in the same circumstances as the author sets his protagonist into, but I suspect I would have been this protagonist had the same things happened to me at the same ages. Now...well, a 50-year-old is a different creature than a 22-year-old, no matter that us 50+ers want to think otherwise.
I abandoned this book, a library 14-day checkout, at p364. Ivan and Max (who is our protagonist) are scuttling around looking for Croats, and I ran aground when "Feldgendarmen" and "ACHTUNG! MINIEN!" occurred in close proximity. I just could not endure one more moment of German military terminology and I dislike the German language with sincere fervor, and then there is the slickly sickly slimy Max, with whom I can't bear to spend one more eyeblink; but good lord people, the amount I've already read would be a novel by itself!
As anyone who's ever read one of my reviews knows, I don't do book reports. The events of this book aren't in any way a surprise to you if you've been awake in the past year. I can say, though, that anyone who wants to deny the existence of a Holocaust would do well to read this novel. It feels like the events could not possibly be true. No one could live through this, perpetrator or not, and face life as a sane being ever again. So far as I am aware, the German nation did not have a huge insanity problem after WWII, so ipso facto there was no Holocaust!
Littell's story shows how well he understands the history of the (factual) Holocaust, and his choice of a protagonist shows how well he understands human nature and its strengths. It's a deeply disturbing book for that reason alone. That a man could imagine this character, could write about him in his own voice and with clarity, precision, and artistry, is unsettling to my vision of authors as refiners of reality into truth.
If Truth can contain this, there is no safe place anywhere.
And there isn't.
This work is licensed under a .
The Publisher Says: "Oh my human brothers, let me tell you how it happened." So begins the chilling fictional memoir of Dr. Maximilien Aue, a former Nazi officer who has reinvented himself, many years after the war, as a middle-class family man and factory owner in France.
Max is an intellectual steeped in philosophy, literature, and classical music. He is also a cold-blooded assassin and the consummate bureaucrat. Through the eyes of this cultivated yet monstrous man, we experience in disturbingly precise detail the horrors of the Second World War and the Nazi genocide of the Jews. During the period from June 1941 through April 1945, Max is posted to Poland, the Ukraine, and the Caucasus; he is present at the Battle of Stalingrad and at Auschwitz; and he lives through the chaos of the final days of the Nazi regime in Berlin. Although Max is a totally imagined character, his world is peopled by real historical figures, such as Eichmann, Himmler, Goring, Speer, Heyrich, Hoss, and Hitler himself.
A supreme historical epic and a haunting work of fiction, Jonathan Littell's masterpiece is intense, hallucinatory, and utterly original. Published to impressive critical acclaim in France in 2006, it went on to win the Prix Goncourt, that country's most prestigious literary award, and sparked a broad range of responses and questions from readers: How does fiction deal with the nature of human evil? How should a novel encompass the Holocaust? At what point do history and fiction come together and where do they separate?
A provocative and controversial work of literature, The Kindly Ones is a morally challenging read; it holds up a mirror to humanity--and the reader cannot look away.
My Review: The Kindly Ones is more than a morally challenging read; it makes me feel deeply unclean. I don't have any idea what I would do, in the same circumstances as the author sets his protagonist into, but I suspect I would have been this protagonist had the same things happened to me at the same ages. Now...well, a 50-year-old is a different creature than a 22-year-old, no matter that us 50+ers want to think otherwise.
I abandoned this book, a library 14-day checkout, at p364. Ivan and Max (who is our protagonist) are scuttling around looking for Croats, and I ran aground when "Feldgendarmen" and "ACHTUNG! MINIEN!" occurred in close proximity. I just could not endure one more moment of German military terminology and I dislike the German language with sincere fervor, and then there is the slickly sickly slimy Max, with whom I can't bear to spend one more eyeblink; but good lord people, the amount I've already read would be a novel by itself!
As anyone who's ever read one of my reviews knows, I don't do book reports. The events of this book aren't in any way a surprise to you if you've been awake in the past year. I can say, though, that anyone who wants to deny the existence of a Holocaust would do well to read this novel. It feels like the events could not possibly be true. No one could live through this, perpetrator or not, and face life as a sane being ever again. So far as I am aware, the German nation did not have a huge insanity problem after WWII, so ipso facto there was no Holocaust!
Littell's story shows how well he understands the history of the (factual) Holocaust, and his choice of a protagonist shows how well he understands human nature and its strengths. It's a deeply disturbing book for that reason alone. That a man could imagine this character, could write about him in his own voice and with clarity, precision, and artistry, is unsettling to my vision of authors as refiners of reality into truth.
If Truth can contain this, there is no safe place anywhere.
And there isn't.
This work is licensed under a .
December 30, 2024
袧邪 褋胁械褌邪 薪械 褋邪 芯褋褌邪薪邪谢懈 屑薪芯谐芯 械褉懈薪懈懈, 锌芯蟹薪邪褌懈 芯褖械 泻邪褌芯 械胁屑械薪懈写懈. 袝褉懈薪懈懈褌械 褋 谐薪械胁薪懈 锌懈褋褗褑懈 锌褉械褋谢械写胁邪谢懈 锌褉械褋褌褗锌薪懈褑懈褌械, 邪 芯褌 械写懈薪 屑芯屑械薪褌 薪邪褌邪褌褗泻 褌械 褋褌邪薪邪谢懈 械胁屑械薪懈写懈 - 褋锌褉邪胁械写谢懈胁懈褌械, 薪邪谢邪谐邪褖懈褌械 蟹邪泻芯薪邪. 袠谢懈 薪邪褉懈褔邪薪懈 芯褖械 鈥溞葱拘毖€芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械鈥�.
袪褟写泻芯 褋褗屑 褋褉械褖邪谢邪 械胁屑械薪懈写懈 胁 写械泄褋褌胁懈械 胁 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪褌邪. 袛卸芯薪邪褌邪薪 袥懈褌械谢 褋械 械 薪邪谐褗褉斜懈谢 褋 褌邪蟹懈 蟹邪写邪褔邪, 褋谢械写 泻邪褌芯 褋薪懈屑泻邪褌邪 薪邪 芯斜械褋械薪邪 褉褍褋泻邪 锌邪褉褌懈蟹邪薪泻邪 (袟芯褟 袣芯褋屑芯写械屑褟薪褋泻邪褟), 蟹邪褋薪械褌邪 芯褌 卸懈蟹薪械褉邪写芯褋褌薪懈褌械 褲 谐芯褉写懈 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈 锌邪谢邪褔懈 泻邪褌芯 褋泻褗锌 褋褍胁械薪懈褉, 谐芯 褌谢邪褋泻邪 胁 5 谐芯写懈褕械薪 邪写 芯褌 锌褉芯褍褔胁邪薪懈褟 懈蟹 褉褍褋泻懈 懈 薪械屑褋泻懈 邪褉褏懈胁懈 (褌芯泄 胁谢邪写械械 褉褍褋泻懈 泻邪褌芯 械写懈薪 芯褌 6-褌械 懈谢懈 7-褌械 褋懈 褔褍卸写懈 械蟹懈泻邪). 袗写, 锌褉械褋褗蟹写邪写械薪 懈蟹泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 胁褗蟹写械泄褋褌胁邪褖芯 懈 屑薪芯谐芯锌谢邪褋褌芯胁芯 胁 鈥溞斝拘毖€芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械鈥� - 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪褌邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 薪械褍屑芯褉薪芯 褌褉褍写械褖懈褌械 褋械 泻褉邪泄 泻邪蟹邪薪懈褌械 写褟胁芯谢懈.
袛邪 褋械 蟹邪锌芯蟹薪邪械屑 褋 芯斜械褉褖褍褉屑斜邪薪褎褞褉械褉 褏械褉 写芯泻褌芯褉 袦邪泻褋懈屑懈谢懈邪薪 袗褍械. 袨斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪, 褋 懈薪褌械褉械褋懈 胁褗胁 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟褌邪, 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪褌邪 懈 屑褍蟹懈泻邪褌邪, 泻胁邪谢懈褎懈褑懈褉邪薪 褞褉懈褋褌 锌芯 屑械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪芯 锌褉邪胁芯. 袧邪锌芯谢芯胁懈薪邪 褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹懈薪. 袠 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻 胁 邪泄薪蟹邪褑泻芯屑邪薪写懈褌械 胁 袣懈械胁 懈 袞懈褌芯屑懈褉, 锌芯褋褌邪胁懈谢懈 芯褎懈褑懈邪谢薪芯 薪邪褔邪谢芯褌芯 薪邪 懈薪写褍褋褌褉懈邪谢薪芯褌芯 懈蟹褌褉械斜谢械薪懈械 薪邪 械胁褉械懈 (懈 薪械 褋邪屑芯) 胁 校泻褉邪泄薪邪 芯褌 褋褌褉邪薪邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈褌械 - 褋 薪邪泄-褉邪蟹薪芯芯斜褉邪蟹薪懈 谢芯谐懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 褋褉械写褋褌胁邪, 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈 胁 写械褌邪泄谢懈. 袣芯屑锌械褌械薪褌械薪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌, 芯锌懈褌胁邪褖 褋械 胁 薪褟泻邪泻褗胁 鈥溠€邪蟹褍屑械薪鈥� 屑懈薪懈屑褍屑 写邪 懈蟹写械泄褋褌胁邪 谢械泻芯 褍胁械谢懈褔械薪懈械 薪邪 写邪卸斜懈褌械 蟹邪 泻芯薪褑谢邪谐械褉薪懈褑懈褌械 胁 袗褍褕胁懈褑, 褋谢械写 泻邪褌芯 写芯斜褉芯褋褗胁械褋褌薪芯 械 懈薪褋锌械泻褌懈褉邪谢 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉邪褑懈芯薪薪懈 谢邪谐械褉邪 芯褌斜谢懈蟹芯. 袙褗锌谢褗褖械薪懈械 薪邪 锌褗谢薪芯褑械薪薪邪 泻邪褉懈械褉邪 胁 褋褎械褉邪褌邪 薪邪 谐械薪芯褑懈写邪, 褋 褍胁械谢懈褔邪胁邪褖 褋械 斜褉芯泄 薪邪褕懈胁泻懈. 效褍写芯胁懈褖械? 袧械. 袪邪斜芯褌邪, 锌褉芯褋褌芯 芯褌胁褉邪褌懈褌械谢薪邪 薪邪 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 褉邪斜芯褌邪, 锌芯写褔懈薪械薪邪 薪邪 褋锌械褑懈褎懈褔薪邪 褌械褏薪懈褔械褋泻懈 薪械褍褌褉邪谢薪邪 褌械褉屑懈薪芯谢芯谐懈褟 (锌邪褋懈胁薪邪 褎芯褉屑邪 薪邪 谐谢邪谐芯谢懈褌械, 褋 泻芯械褌芯 褋械 谐褍斜懈 泻芯泄 械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢 薪邪 写械泄褋褌胁懈械褌芯; 鈥溞敌残靶貉冃秆€邪薪懈鈥� 胁屑械褋褌芯 鈥溞感沸垦€邪褌械薪懈 蟹邪 懈蟹褌褉械斜谢械薪懈械鈥�; 鈥溞拘盒拘窖囆把傂敌恍叫� 褉械褕械薪懈械鈥� 胁屑械褋褌芯 鈥溞承敌叫狙喰感粹€� 懈 褌.薪.鈥�). 袪邪斜芯褌邪, 锌芯写锌谢邪褌械薪邪 褋 屑邪谢泻芯 锌邪褌褉懈芯褌懈蟹褗屑, 褋 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻邪 屑芯褌懈胁邪褑懈褟 懈 锌邪褉邪薪芯懈褔薪懈 褍褋懈谢懈褟 薪邪 谐械褉芯褟 写邪 薪械 锌芯谐谢械卸写邪 褌胁褗褉写械 胁褋褌褉邪薪懈 懈谢懈 褌胁褗褉写械 薪邪写褗谢斜芯泻芯, 蟹邪 写邪 薪械 胁懈写懈 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 薪械 械 蟹邪 蟹邪胁懈卸写邪薪械 懈 写邪 薪械 斜褗写械 锌褉懈薪褍写械薪 写邪 写械泄褋褌胁邪 芯褌胁褗写 褉邪屑泻懈褌械 薪邪 褟褋薪邪褌邪 褋懈 薪邪褑懈芯邪薪邪谢褋芯褑懈褋谢懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻邪 褉械谢懈谐懈褟. 袟邪胁褗褉褕械薪 锌芯褉褌褉械褌 薪邪 锌邪谢邪褔 - 薪械 锌芯 锌褉懈蟹胁邪薪懈械, 薪懈褌芯 锌褗泻 锌芯写胁谢邪褋褌械薪 薪邪 写褍褕械胁薪芯 蟹邪斜芯谢褟胁邪薪械 (锌芯薪械 薪械 胁 褌邪蟹懈 薪邪褋芯泻邪). 袩邪谢邪褔 锌芯 褋懈谢邪褌邪 薪邪 芯斜褋褌芯褟褌械谢褋褌胁邪褌邪 懈 懈蟹斜褉邪薪芯褌芯 (斜械蟹)写械泄褋褌胁懈械, 泻邪泻褌芯 懈 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 (薪邪 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 褍屑懈褕谢械薪邪) 芯谐褉邪薪懈褔械薪芯褋褌. 袧懈泻芯谐邪 薪械 薪邪褍褔邪胁邪屑械 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 懈蟹斜懈褉邪屑械 写邪 薪械 蟹薪邪械屑.
袘谢邪谐芯写邪褌薪芯 锌芯谢械 蟹邪 械褉懈薪懈懈褌械, 薪邪褉懈褔邪薪懈 械胁屑械薪懈写懈 懈谢懈 鈥溞葱拘毖€芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈鈥�, 斜械蟹 芯谐褉邪薪懈褔械薪懈褟 胁褗胁 胁褉械屑械 懈 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁芯.
袥懈褌械谢 锌褉邪胁懈 屑薪芯谐芯邪褋锌械泻褌械薪 褉邪蟹褉械蟹 薪邪 褌械屑邪 鈥溞熝€械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械鈥�, 薪邪褉械写 褋 懈蟹芯斜懈谢懈械 芯褌 写褉褍谐懈 胁褗锌褉芯褋懈, 锌褉褗褋薪邪褌懈 懈蟹 褌械蟹懈 斜谢懈蟹芯 1000 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈. 袣邪褌芯 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉 蟹邪褖芯 谐械褉屑邪薪褑懈褌械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 屑邪谢泻芯 褋械 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯锌芯褋褌邪胁褟褌 薪邪 啸懈褌谢械褉; 蟹邪褖芯 斜芯谢褕械胁懈蟹屑褗褌 懈 薪邪褑懈蟹屑褗褌 褋械 褏胁邪褖邪褌 蟹邪 谐褍褕懈褌械; 泻邪泻胁邪 械 胁褉褗蟹泻邪褌邪 薪邪 屑褍蟹懈泻邪褌邪 褋 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪; 泻邪泻 褋械 胁屑械褋褌胁邪 懈屑锌械褉邪褌懈胁褗褌 薪邪 袣邪薪褌 胁 褉邪褋芯胁邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟 懈 褌.薪.
挟写械芯褏褉懈褋褌懈褟薪褋泻懈褟褌 锌芯写褏芯写 锌芯 褌械屑邪褌邪 蟹邪 锌褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 械 薪褞邪薪褋懈褉邪薪. 袩褉懈蟹薪邪胁邪褌 褋械 褋褌械锌械薪懈 薪邪 胁懈薪邪褌邪 胁 蟹邪胁懈褋懈屑芯褋褌 芯褌 胁芯谢褟褌邪 薪邪 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢褟 - 褍屑懈褕谢械薪芯褋褌 懈 薪械褍屑懈褕谢械薪芯褋褌. 袙蟹械屑邪 褋械 锌褉械写胁懈写 懈 褉邪蟹泻邪褟薪懈械褌芯 蟹邪 褋褌芯褉械薪芯褌芯. 袗薪褌懈褔薪懈褟褌 褋胁械褌芯谐谢械写, 泻褗写械褌芯 褋胁懈褋褌褟褌 胁褉褗褏谢懈褌邪褖懈褌械 胁褗褉褏褍 袨褉械褋褌 械褉懈薪懈懈, 懈谢懈 褏邪泄写械 - 械胁屑械薪懈写懈 - 械 写邪谢械褔 锌芯-锌褉芯褋褌. 袩褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 械 写械泄褋褌胁懈械. 小褗锌褗褌褋褌胁邪褖懈褌械 芯斜褋褌芯褟褌械谢褋褌胁邪 懈 写褍褕械胁薪懈 褌械褉蟹邪薪懈褟 (泻邪泻胁懈褌芯 褌芯褉屑芯蟹褟褌 袗褍械 胁褗胁 胁懈写懈屑邪 懈谢懈 薪械芯褋褗蟹薪邪褌邪 褎芯褉屑邪 锌褉械蟹 褑械谢懈褟 褉芯屑邪薪) 褋邪 斜械蟹 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械. 袙械写薪褗卸 懈蟹胁褗褉褕械薪芯, 写械泄褋褌胁懈械褌芯 械 斜械蟹胁褗蟹胁褉邪褌薪芯 懈 芯泻芯薪褔邪褌械谢薪芯 - 懈 薪械锌芯写谢械卸邪褖芯 薪邪 芯锌褉邪胁写邪薪懈械. 袩褉械褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 械 锌谢芯写 薪邪 谐褉邪薪懈褑懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 褋邪屑懈 褋懈 锌芯褋褌邪胁褟屑械, 褋 芯锌褉邪胁写邪薪懈械褌芯 褔械 薪褟屑邪屑械 写褉褍谐 懈蟹斜芯褉.
袝谢械屑械薪褌懈 芯褌 写褉械胁薪芯谐褉褗褑泻懈褌械 褌褉邪谐械写懈懈 薪邪 袝褋褏懈谢 薪邪写薪懈褔邪褌 胁 薪邪泄-薪械芯褔邪泻胁邪薪懈 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 芯褌 褌邪蟹懈 械薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟 蟹邪 锌械褉懈芯写邪 1941 - 1945 谐. 袨褌 械谢械谐邪薪褌薪懈褌械 褋邪谢芯薪懈 薪邪 袘械褉谢懈薪, 锌芯谢褟褌邪 薪邪 校泻褉邪泄薪邪, 锌谢邪薪懈薪懈褌械 薪邪 袣邪胁泻邪蟹, 蟹懈屑邪褌邪 懈 泻邪薪懈斜邪谢懈蟹屑邪 薪邪 小褌邪谢懈薪谐褉邪写, 泻褉械屑邪褌芯褉懈褍屑懈褌械 薪邪 袗褍褕胁懈褑, 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褌械 懈薪褌褉懈谐懈 薪邪 孝褉械褌懈褟 袪邪泄褏 懈 锌邪写邪褖懈褟褌 袘械褉谢懈薪. 袩芯褉褗褋械薪懈 褋 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 (懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 写芯褋褌芯胁械褉薪懈 懈 芯斜褋谢械写胁邪薪懈) 写械褌邪泄谢懈, 褔械 - 邪泻芯 褔懈褌邪褌械谢褟褌 薪械 蟹邪褏胁褗褉谢懈 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 褋谢械写 褕芯泻懈褉邪褖懈褌械 锌褗褉胁懈 150 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 - 褖械 褔械褌械 写芯 芯褌泻邪褌 写芯 褋邪屑懈褟 泻褉邪泄. 袩邪薪芯锌褌懈泻褍屑 薪邪 胁褋械泻懈 胁褗蟹屑芯卸械薪 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻 芯褌 谐械褉屑邪薪褋泻邪 褋褌褉邪薪邪 胁 袨泻芯薪褔邪褌械谢薪芯褌芯 袪械褕械薪懈械. 袥懈褌械谢 蟹邪斜懈胁邪 蟹写褉邪胁芯 谢芯锌邪褌邪褌邪 胁 薪邪褌褉褍锌邪谢芯褌芯 褋械 懈蟹 邪胁谐懈械胁懈褌械 芯斜芯褉懈 薪邪 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 懈 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 褋褗蟹薪邪薪懈械. 袠 泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 锌芯胁械褔械 蟹邪写褗谢斜邪胁邪, 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 锌芯-薪械锌芯薪芯褋懈屑芯 械 懈蟹褋泻芯褔懈谢芯褌芯 薪邪 锌芯胁褗褉褏薪芯褋褌褌邪, 芯褋芯斜械薪芯 胁 泻褉邪褟 薪邪 褉芯屑邪薪邪. 袧芯 泻邪泻 懈薪邪褔械 写邪 褋械 褉邪蟹褔懈褋褌懈?
袙屑械褋褌芯 蟹邪泻谢褞褔械薪懈械 褖械 写邪屑 写褍屑邪褌邪 薪邪 褋邪屑懈褟 写芯泻褌芯褉 袗褍械, 懈蟹谢褟蟹褗谢 胁 褋锌芯泻芯泄薪邪 锌械薪褋懈褟 薪械泄写械 胁褗胁 肖褉邪薪褑懈褟: 鈥澬愋盒� 褋褌械 褉芯写械薪懈 胁 褋褌褉邪薪邪 懈谢懈 胁褗胁 胁褉械屑械, 泻褗写械褌芯 薪械 褋邪屑芯 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈写胁邪 写邪 褍斜懈械 胁邪褕邪褌邪 卸械薪邪, 胁邪褕懈褌械 写械褑邪, 薪芯 懈 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈褋泻邪 芯褌 胁邪褋 写邪 褍斜懈胁邪褌械 卸械薪懈褌械 懈 写械褑邪褌邪 薪邪 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 褌芯 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉械褌械 薪邪 袘芯谐邪 懈 褋懈 芯褋褌邪薪械褌械 胁 屑懈褉.鈥�
袩. 袩. 啸邪薪邪 袗褉械薪写 褋锌芯屑械薪邪胁邪 袙懈谢褏械谢屑 袣芯锌械, 泻芯屑邪薪写胁邪谢 邪泄薪蟹邪褑谐褉褍锌械薪, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉械蟹 60-褌械 械 斜懈谢 写懈褉械泻褌芯褉 薪邪 褕芯泻芯谢邪写芯胁邪 褎邪斜褉懈泻邪. 小谢褍褔邪泄薪芯褋褌 懈谢懈 锌褉芯褌芯褌懈锌?鈥�
September 20, 2017
笔谤颈辞谤颈迟脿
Quest'estate, durante le mie vacanze estive, mi sono trovata a visitare il memorial site di Dachau. Giornata torrida, il campo scarsamente visitato, il silenzio imperante , la voce della testimonianza dei sopravvissuti nelle orecchie, non ho potuto fare a meno di pensare, al di l脿 di qualsiasi considerazione etica: "Ma se l'obiettivo principale della guerra 猫 vincere la guerra, come hanno potuto disperdere cos矛 tante energie e risorse nello sterminio?"
Per comprendere come effettivamente pu貌 essere andata, l'unica 猫 provare a mettersi nella testa di chi ha vissuto in quei tempi, mettersi nei panni di chi quello sterminio l'ha pensato, progettato ed applicato.
Littell descrive gli orrori del nazismo dall鈥檕ttica di un nazista. Compie una ricerca certosina sugli usi e costumi di Wermacht e SS, sulla campagna di Russia, sugli orrori dei campi di concentramento. Uno studio che impressiona, per la dovizia dei particolari. Littell lo fa con una padronanza che non 猫 mai fine a s茅 stessa. Non impone al lettore la bravura, non lo istruisce ma lo documenta con l鈥檃rte della narrazione.
Provo a riassumere i punti cardine.
1) Il popolo (Volk) 猫 sovrano. Il F眉hrer rappresenta il volere del popolo. Occorre eseguire in maniera acritica il volere del F眉hrer.
"ogni diritto deve poggiare su una base. Storicamente, tale base 猫 sempre stata una creazione dell鈥檌mmaginazione o un鈥檃strazione, Dio, il Re o il Popolo. Il nostro grande progresso 猫 stato quello di fondare il concetto giuridico della Nazione su qualcosa di concreto e di inalienabile: il Volk, la cui volont脿 collettiva si esprime attraverso il F眉hrer che lo rappresenta. Quando lei dice Frei sein ist
Knecht sein, bisogna intendere che il primo vassallo 猫 proprio il F眉hrer, perch茅 egli altro non 猫 se non puro servizio. Noi non serviamo il F眉hrer in quanto tale ma in quanto rappresentante del Volk, noi serviamo il Volk e dobbiamo servirlo come lo serve il F眉hrer, con un鈥檃bnegazione totale. Ecco perch茅, di fronte a compiti dolorosi, bisogna inchinarsi, dominare i propri sentimenti, e compierli con determinazione"
2) La violenza 猫 un mezzo lecito per la risoluzione dei problemi sociali. Ergo 猫 lecito eliminare con la violenza quelli che sono i nemici del popolo. Ebrei, zingari, malati, asociali, tutte le categorie decise in maniera insindacabile da chi interpretava il bene della nazione.
"Niente di pi霉 logico, perci貌, di arrivare a dirsi: be鈥�, se 猫 cos矛, se 猫 giusto sacrificare il meglio della Nazione, mandare a morire gli uomini pi霉 patriottici, pi霉 intelligenti, pi霉 generosi, pi霉 leali della nostra razza, e tutto ci貌 in nome della salvezza della Nazione - e se poi non serve a niente - e si sputa sul loro sacrificio - allora, che diritto alla vita possono avere gli elementi peggiori, i criminali, i pazzi, i ritardati, gli asociali, gli ebrei, senza parlare dei nostri nemici esterni? ... Dato che rispettare le regole della; cosiddetta umanit脿 non ci 猫 servito a niente, perch茅 ostinarsi a mantenere quel rispetto di cui non ci sono nemmeno stati grati?"
3) Sdoganato il fatto che queste categorie socialivadano eliminate, ci si trova davanti al problema di come procedere alla loro eliminazione. Scartata la estradizione, chi uccide? Come si uccide? Dove si mettono i cadaveri? Come si eliminiamo i cadaveri? Ma soprattutto chi uccide donne e bambini pu貌 sopportarne il peso senza impazzire? Diversi i metodi sperimentati prima di arrivare ai campi.
"Sono giunto alla conclusione che la guardia delle ss non diventa violenta o sadica perch茅 pensa che il detenuto non sia un essere umano; anzi, la sua rabbia aumenta e si trasforma in sadismo quando si accorge che il detenuto, lungi dall鈥檈ssere una creatura inferiore come gli hanno insegnato, dopotutto 猫 proprio un uomo, come lui in fondo, ed 猫 questa resistenza,vede, che la guardia trova insopportabile, questa persistenza muta dell鈥檃ltro, e quindi la guardia lo picchia per tentare di far scomparire la loro comune umanit脿. Ovviamente non funziona: pi霉 la guardia picchia, e pi霉 猫 costretta a constatare che il detenuto rifiuta di riconoscersi come non umano. Alla fine, non gli resta altra soluzione che ucciderlo, il che significa prendere definitivamente atto del proprio fallimento"
4) Una volta compreso che lo sforzo dell'eliminazione 猫 troppo pesante e ostacola l'obiettivo primario, si capisce che anche le categorie sociali individuate come da eliminare, possono essere utili all'obiettivo primario, ovvero vincere la guerra. E si decide pertanto di cercare di ottenerne degli schiavi lavoratori. E qui difficile far cambiare idea a chi sui campi di sterminio aveva basatola sua "carriera" [cfr. Himmler]
"Lei non pensa che la priorit脿, per il F眉hrer come per noi, sia di vincere la guerra?"Aue a Himmler
5) I prigionieri sono in guerra "merce di basso livello". Anche se utili alla causa, la loro sorte 猫 comunque dipendente dalle risorse che possono essere utilizzate per la loro sopravvivenza. Pertanto anche nel momento in cui si decide di usarli come schiavi al servizio dell'industria bellica, si deve fare i conti col budget che si pu貌 spendere per la sopravvivenza di un condannato a morte.
6) Agghiacciante pensare come tutte le decisioni siano state prese in modo assolutamente banale. La distanza tra chi decideva e chi faceva. Ovvero decidere di uccidere se poi non sei tu che uccidi direttamente 猫 lo stesso processo decisionale che si ritrova in una qualsiasi azienda strutturata. Chi decide cosa si fa, non 猫 poi chi fa. Questo porta ad un cinismo e a un distacco tale, che qualunque decisione pu貌 essere sdoganata non essendo il decisore colui che poi sperimenta direttamente (sulla sua pelle) le decisioni prese.
"nella corrispondenza, e anche nei discorsi, predominavano le frasi costruite al passivo, 芦猫 stato deciso che鈥β�, 芦gli ebrei sono stati scortati alle misure speciali禄, 芦questo difficile compito 猫 stato portato a termine禄, e cos矛 le cose si realizzavano da sole, nessuno faceva mai niente, nessuno agiva, erano azioni prive di agente, il che 猫 sempre rassicurante, e in un certo senso non erano nemmeno azioni"
Max Aue 猫 un burocrate. Non 猫 una bella persona. Ma 猫 coltissimo, melomane, un pensatore, un lettore.
Comprende le ragioni per cui deve agire in quel modo, ma vede criticamente che il tutto si appoggia su fondamenta sabbiose. Stupenda la parte in cui, lanciando una meravigliosa crociata contro la religione dell鈥檌dentit脿 Max Aue in una sorta di dialogo platonico discute con il professore di linguistica Voss cercando di venire a capo delle differenze culturali tra le varie popolazioni dell鈥橴craina, scivolando via via che la conversazione va avanti nell鈥檌mpossibilit脿 di definire cos鈥櫭� un ebreo, cosa un cosacco, cosa un russo, cosa un tedesco.
Ma purtroppo, nonostante comprenda, continua imperterrito ad eseguire gli ordini, anche perch茅 nella Germania nazista non eseguire gli ordini non era materia di scelta: chi non eseguiva gli ordini veniva fucilato.
Un viaggio nell'inferno della banalit脿 del male.
Un libro non per tutti. Un libro per chi vuol cercare di capire certi passaggi con mente aperta. Ma bisogna saper accettare di stare nella testa di un gerarca delle SS. E non 猫 proprio una passeggiata di salute.
"Come la maggior parte della gente, non ho mai chiesto di diventare un assassino. Se avessi potuto, l鈥檋o gi脿 detto, mi sarei occupato di letteratura."
Quest'estate, durante le mie vacanze estive, mi sono trovata a visitare il memorial site di Dachau. Giornata torrida, il campo scarsamente visitato, il silenzio imperante , la voce della testimonianza dei sopravvissuti nelle orecchie, non ho potuto fare a meno di pensare, al di l脿 di qualsiasi considerazione etica: "Ma se l'obiettivo principale della guerra 猫 vincere la guerra, come hanno potuto disperdere cos矛 tante energie e risorse nello sterminio?"
Per comprendere come effettivamente pu貌 essere andata, l'unica 猫 provare a mettersi nella testa di chi ha vissuto in quei tempi, mettersi nei panni di chi quello sterminio l'ha pensato, progettato ed applicato.
Littell descrive gli orrori del nazismo dall鈥檕ttica di un nazista. Compie una ricerca certosina sugli usi e costumi di Wermacht e SS, sulla campagna di Russia, sugli orrori dei campi di concentramento. Uno studio che impressiona, per la dovizia dei particolari. Littell lo fa con una padronanza che non 猫 mai fine a s茅 stessa. Non impone al lettore la bravura, non lo istruisce ma lo documenta con l鈥檃rte della narrazione.
Provo a riassumere i punti cardine.
1) Il popolo (Volk) 猫 sovrano. Il F眉hrer rappresenta il volere del popolo. Occorre eseguire in maniera acritica il volere del F眉hrer.
"ogni diritto deve poggiare su una base. Storicamente, tale base 猫 sempre stata una creazione dell鈥檌mmaginazione o un鈥檃strazione, Dio, il Re o il Popolo. Il nostro grande progresso 猫 stato quello di fondare il concetto giuridico della Nazione su qualcosa di concreto e di inalienabile: il Volk, la cui volont脿 collettiva si esprime attraverso il F眉hrer che lo rappresenta. Quando lei dice Frei sein ist
Knecht sein, bisogna intendere che il primo vassallo 猫 proprio il F眉hrer, perch茅 egli altro non 猫 se non puro servizio. Noi non serviamo il F眉hrer in quanto tale ma in quanto rappresentante del Volk, noi serviamo il Volk e dobbiamo servirlo come lo serve il F眉hrer, con un鈥檃bnegazione totale. Ecco perch茅, di fronte a compiti dolorosi, bisogna inchinarsi, dominare i propri sentimenti, e compierli con determinazione"
2) La violenza 猫 un mezzo lecito per la risoluzione dei problemi sociali. Ergo 猫 lecito eliminare con la violenza quelli che sono i nemici del popolo. Ebrei, zingari, malati, asociali, tutte le categorie decise in maniera insindacabile da chi interpretava il bene della nazione.
"Niente di pi霉 logico, perci貌, di arrivare a dirsi: be鈥�, se 猫 cos矛, se 猫 giusto sacrificare il meglio della Nazione, mandare a morire gli uomini pi霉 patriottici, pi霉 intelligenti, pi霉 generosi, pi霉 leali della nostra razza, e tutto ci貌 in nome della salvezza della Nazione - e se poi non serve a niente - e si sputa sul loro sacrificio - allora, che diritto alla vita possono avere gli elementi peggiori, i criminali, i pazzi, i ritardati, gli asociali, gli ebrei, senza parlare dei nostri nemici esterni? ... Dato che rispettare le regole della; cosiddetta umanit脿 non ci 猫 servito a niente, perch茅 ostinarsi a mantenere quel rispetto di cui non ci sono nemmeno stati grati?"
3) Sdoganato il fatto che queste categorie socialivadano eliminate, ci si trova davanti al problema di come procedere alla loro eliminazione. Scartata la estradizione, chi uccide? Come si uccide? Dove si mettono i cadaveri? Come si eliminiamo i cadaveri? Ma soprattutto chi uccide donne e bambini pu貌 sopportarne il peso senza impazzire? Diversi i metodi sperimentati prima di arrivare ai campi.
"Sono giunto alla conclusione che la guardia delle ss non diventa violenta o sadica perch茅 pensa che il detenuto non sia un essere umano; anzi, la sua rabbia aumenta e si trasforma in sadismo quando si accorge che il detenuto, lungi dall鈥檈ssere una creatura inferiore come gli hanno insegnato, dopotutto 猫 proprio un uomo, come lui in fondo, ed 猫 questa resistenza,vede, che la guardia trova insopportabile, questa persistenza muta dell鈥檃ltro, e quindi la guardia lo picchia per tentare di far scomparire la loro comune umanit脿. Ovviamente non funziona: pi霉 la guardia picchia, e pi霉 猫 costretta a constatare che il detenuto rifiuta di riconoscersi come non umano. Alla fine, non gli resta altra soluzione che ucciderlo, il che significa prendere definitivamente atto del proprio fallimento"
4) Una volta compreso che lo sforzo dell'eliminazione 猫 troppo pesante e ostacola l'obiettivo primario, si capisce che anche le categorie sociali individuate come da eliminare, possono essere utili all'obiettivo primario, ovvero vincere la guerra. E si decide pertanto di cercare di ottenerne degli schiavi lavoratori. E qui difficile far cambiare idea a chi sui campi di sterminio aveva basatola sua "carriera" [cfr. Himmler]
"Lei non pensa che la priorit脿, per il F眉hrer come per noi, sia di vincere la guerra?"Aue a Himmler
5) I prigionieri sono in guerra "merce di basso livello". Anche se utili alla causa, la loro sorte 猫 comunque dipendente dalle risorse che possono essere utilizzate per la loro sopravvivenza. Pertanto anche nel momento in cui si decide di usarli come schiavi al servizio dell'industria bellica, si deve fare i conti col budget che si pu貌 spendere per la sopravvivenza di un condannato a morte.
6) Agghiacciante pensare come tutte le decisioni siano state prese in modo assolutamente banale. La distanza tra chi decideva e chi faceva. Ovvero decidere di uccidere se poi non sei tu che uccidi direttamente 猫 lo stesso processo decisionale che si ritrova in una qualsiasi azienda strutturata. Chi decide cosa si fa, non 猫 poi chi fa. Questo porta ad un cinismo e a un distacco tale, che qualunque decisione pu貌 essere sdoganata non essendo il decisore colui che poi sperimenta direttamente (sulla sua pelle) le decisioni prese.
"nella corrispondenza, e anche nei discorsi, predominavano le frasi costruite al passivo, 芦猫 stato deciso che鈥β�, 芦gli ebrei sono stati scortati alle misure speciali禄, 芦questo difficile compito 猫 stato portato a termine禄, e cos矛 le cose si realizzavano da sole, nessuno faceva mai niente, nessuno agiva, erano azioni prive di agente, il che 猫 sempre rassicurante, e in un certo senso non erano nemmeno azioni"
Max Aue 猫 un burocrate. Non 猫 una bella persona. Ma 猫 coltissimo, melomane, un pensatore, un lettore.
Comprende le ragioni per cui deve agire in quel modo, ma vede criticamente che il tutto si appoggia su fondamenta sabbiose. Stupenda la parte in cui, lanciando una meravigliosa crociata contro la religione dell鈥檌dentit脿 Max Aue in una sorta di dialogo platonico discute con il professore di linguistica Voss cercando di venire a capo delle differenze culturali tra le varie popolazioni dell鈥橴craina, scivolando via via che la conversazione va avanti nell鈥檌mpossibilit脿 di definire cos鈥櫭� un ebreo, cosa un cosacco, cosa un russo, cosa un tedesco.
Ma purtroppo, nonostante comprenda, continua imperterrito ad eseguire gli ordini, anche perch茅 nella Germania nazista non eseguire gli ordini non era materia di scelta: chi non eseguiva gli ordini veniva fucilato.
Un viaggio nell'inferno della banalit脿 del male.
Un libro non per tutti. Un libro per chi vuol cercare di capire certi passaggi con mente aperta. Ma bisogna saper accettare di stare nella testa di un gerarca delle SS. E non 猫 proprio una passeggiata di salute.
"Come la maggior parte della gente, non ho mai chiesto di diventare un assassino. Se avessi potuto, l鈥檋o gi脿 detto, mi sarei occupato di letteratura."
February 6, 2025
The Kindly Ones by Jonathan Littell is an attempt to examine the mechanics of evil from within, through the eyes of SS officer Max Aue鈥攁 bureaucrat, an intellectual, and a murderer. The novel is historically precise, at once cold yet brimming with emotion, like a scientific report overflowing with pain.
The influence of Russian literature is felt: its philosophical depth and ambition to portray the catastrophe of an era in all its grandeur and detail. Aue, as a character, is reminiscent of Raskolnikov, but without the hope of redemption. Littell creates a figure who does not evoke sympathy but exerts a grim, almost hypnotic pull.
This is not a novel about war, but rather about a man who conformed to its logic, and a world where evil becomes ordinary and the measure of all things. One of the most uncompromising portraits of the 20th century.
袟懈屑邪 鈥� 胁褉械屑褟 褌芯谢褋褌褘褏 褉芯屑邪薪芯胁;
袟邪泻芯薪褔懈谢 褔懈褌邪褌褜 芦袘谢邪谐芯胁芯谢懈褌械谢褜薪懈褑褘禄 袛卸芯薪邪褌邪薪邪 袥懈褌褌械谢谢邪. 袨写薪懈屑 褉邪蟹芯屑, 锌芯褔褌懈 斜械蟹 芯褋褌邪薪芯胁芯泻. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 屑械褏邪薪懈泻懈 蟹谢邪 懈蟹薪褍褌褉懈, 谐谢邪蟹邪屑懈 芯褎懈褑械褉邪 小小 袦邪泻褋邪 袗褍褝 鈥� 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌邪, 懈薪褌械谢谢械泻褌褍邪谢邪 懈 褍斜懈泄褑褘. 袣薪懈谐邪 卸械褋褌泻邪褟 泻邪泻 胁褘褋褌褉械谢 胁 蟹邪褌褘谢芯泻, 斜械蟹褍屑薪邪褟, 褋褌褉邪褕薪邪褟, 薪邪褋褌芯褟褖懈泄 泻懈褉锌懈褔 胁芯 胁褋械褏 褋屑褘褋谢邪褏. 袪芯屑邪薪 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 褌芯褔械薪, 芯写薪芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯 褏芯谢芯写械薪 懈 胁 褌芯 卸械 胁褉械屑褟 锌械褉械锌芯谢薪械薪 褝屑芯褑懈褟屑懈 懈 斜芯谢褜褞. 携蟹褘泻 懈薪芯谐写邪 泻邪薪褑械谢褟褉褋泻懈泄 泻邪泻 胁 薪邪褍褔薪芯屑 芯褌褔械褌械 (写褍屑邪褞, 褔褌芯 褝褌芯 薪邪屑械褉械薪薪芯), 邪 懈薪芯谐写邪, 胁 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯胁械褋, 褋谢芯胁薪芯 锌芯褌芯泻 褋褞褉褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 泻邪褉褌懈薪芯泻. 袧邪锌懈褋邪薪芯, 薪邪 屑芯泄 胁蟹谐谢褟写, 芯褔械薪褜 褏芯褉芯褕芯, 胁芯 胁褋械褏 邪褋锌械泻褌邪褏. 效褍胁褋褌胁褍械褌褋褟 胁谢懈褟薪懈械 褉褍褋褋泻芯泄 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褘, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻邪褟 谐谢褍斜懈薪邪 懈 褋褌褉械屑谢械薪懈械 懈蟹芯斜褉邪蟹懈褌褜 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎褍 褝锌芯褏懈 胁芯 胁褋械屑 械械 胁械谢懈褔懈懈 懈 写械褌邪谢褟褏. 袦薪芯卸械褋褌胁芯 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘褏 锌邪褉邪谢谢械谢械泄 芯褌 袥械褉屑芯薪褌芯胁邪 写芯 袛芯褋褌芯械胁褋泻芯谐芯. 袗褍褝 泻邪泻 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸 薪邪锌芯屑懈薪邪械褌 袪邪褋泻芯谢褜薪懈泻芯胁邪, 薪芯 斜械蟹 薪邪写械卸写褘 薪邪 懈褋泻褍锌谢械薪懈械. 袥懈褌褌械谢谢 褋芯蟹写邪械褌 褎懈谐褍褉褍, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟 薪械 胁褘蟹褘胁邪械褌 褋芯褔褍胁褋褌胁懈褟, 薪芯 芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 屑褉邪褔薪芯械, 锌芯褔褌懈 谐懈锌薪芯褌懈褔械褋泻芯械 锌褉懈褌褟卸械薪懈械.
协褌芯 褉芯屑邪薪 薪械 褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 芯 褋邪屑芯泄 胁芯泄薪械, 褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 芯 褔械谢芯胁械泻械, 锌芯写褔懈薪懈胁褕械屑褋褟 械械 谢芯谐懈泻械, 懈 芯 屑懈褉械, 谐写械 蟹谢芯 褋褌邪薪芯胁懈褌褋褟 芯斜褘写械薪薪芯褋褌褜褞 懈 屑械褉懈谢芯屑 胁褋械褏 胁械褖械泄.
携 写褍屑邪褞, 褔褌芯 械褋谢懈 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌褜 褝褌褍 泻薪懈谐褍 械褖褢 褉邪蟹, 褌芯 芯薪邪, 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉褟 薪械薪邪写褢卸薪芯泄 锌邪屑褟褌懈 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹褔懈泻邪 懈 械谐芯 褉邪蟹写胁芯械薪薪芯屑褍 褋芯蟹薪邪薪懈褞, 屑芯卸械褌 褉邪褋泻褉褘褌褜褋褟 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 写褉褍谐懈屑 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑.
The influence of Russian literature is felt: its philosophical depth and ambition to portray the catastrophe of an era in all its grandeur and detail. Aue, as a character, is reminiscent of Raskolnikov, but without the hope of redemption. Littell creates a figure who does not evoke sympathy but exerts a grim, almost hypnotic pull.
This is not a novel about war, but rather about a man who conformed to its logic, and a world where evil becomes ordinary and the measure of all things. One of the most uncompromising portraits of the 20th century.
袟懈屑邪 鈥� 胁褉械屑褟 褌芯谢褋褌褘褏 褉芯屑邪薪芯胁;
袟邪泻芯薪褔懈谢 褔懈褌邪褌褜 芦袘谢邪谐芯胁芯谢懈褌械谢褜薪懈褑褘禄 袛卸芯薪邪褌邪薪邪 袥懈褌褌械谢谢邪. 袨写薪懈屑 褉邪蟹芯屑, 锌芯褔褌懈 斜械蟹 芯褋褌邪薪芯胁芯泻. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 屑械褏邪薪懈泻懈 蟹谢邪 懈蟹薪褍褌褉懈, 谐谢邪蟹邪屑懈 芯褎懈褑械褉邪 小小 袦邪泻褋邪 袗褍褝 鈥� 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌邪, 懈薪褌械谢谢械泻褌褍邪谢邪 懈 褍斜懈泄褑褘. 袣薪懈谐邪 卸械褋褌泻邪褟 泻邪泻 胁褘褋褌褉械谢 胁 蟹邪褌褘谢芯泻, 斜械蟹褍屑薪邪褟, 褋褌褉邪褕薪邪褟, 薪邪褋褌芯褟褖懈泄 泻懈褉锌懈褔 胁芯 胁褋械褏 褋屑褘褋谢邪褏. 袪芯屑邪薪 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 褌芯褔械薪, 芯写薪芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯 褏芯谢芯写械薪 懈 胁 褌芯 卸械 胁褉械屑褟 锌械褉械锌芯谢薪械薪 褝屑芯褑懈褟屑懈 懈 斜芯谢褜褞. 携蟹褘泻 懈薪芯谐写邪 泻邪薪褑械谢褟褉褋泻懈泄 泻邪泻 胁 薪邪褍褔薪芯屑 芯褌褔械褌械 (写褍屑邪褞, 褔褌芯 褝褌芯 薪邪屑械褉械薪薪芯), 邪 懈薪芯谐写邪, 胁 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯胁械褋, 褋谢芯胁薪芯 锌芯褌芯泻 褋褞褉褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 泻邪褉褌懈薪芯泻. 袧邪锌懈褋邪薪芯, 薪邪 屑芯泄 胁蟹谐谢褟写, 芯褔械薪褜 褏芯褉芯褕芯, 胁芯 胁褋械褏 邪褋锌械泻褌邪褏. 效褍胁褋褌胁褍械褌褋褟 胁谢懈褟薪懈械 褉褍褋褋泻芯泄 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褘, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻邪褟 谐谢褍斜懈薪邪 懈 褋褌褉械屑谢械薪懈械 懈蟹芯斜褉邪蟹懈褌褜 泻邪褌邪褋褌褉芯褎褍 褝锌芯褏懈 胁芯 胁褋械屑 械械 胁械谢懈褔懈懈 懈 写械褌邪谢褟褏. 袦薪芯卸械褋褌胁芯 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘褏 锌邪褉邪谢谢械谢械泄 芯褌 袥械褉屑芯薪褌芯胁邪 写芯 袛芯褋褌芯械胁褋泻芯谐芯. 袗褍褝 泻邪泻 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸 薪邪锌芯屑懈薪邪械褌 袪邪褋泻芯谢褜薪懈泻芯胁邪, 薪芯 斜械蟹 薪邪写械卸写褘 薪邪 懈褋泻褍锌谢械薪懈械. 袥懈褌褌械谢谢 褋芯蟹写邪械褌 褎懈谐褍褉褍, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟 薪械 胁褘蟹褘胁邪械褌 褋芯褔褍胁褋褌胁懈褟, 薪芯 芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 屑褉邪褔薪芯械, 锌芯褔褌懈 谐懈锌薪芯褌懈褔械褋泻芯械 锌褉懈褌褟卸械薪懈械.
协褌芯 褉芯屑邪薪 薪械 褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 芯 褋邪屑芯泄 胁芯泄薪械, 褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 芯 褔械谢芯胁械泻械, 锌芯写褔懈薪懈胁褕械屑褋褟 械械 谢芯谐懈泻械, 懈 芯 屑懈褉械, 谐写械 蟹谢芯 褋褌邪薪芯胁懈褌褋褟 芯斜褘写械薪薪芯褋褌褜褞 懈 屑械褉懈谢芯屑 胁褋械褏 胁械褖械泄.
携 写褍屑邪褞, 褔褌芯 械褋谢懈 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌褜 褝褌褍 泻薪懈谐褍 械褖褢 褉邪蟹, 褌芯 芯薪邪, 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉褟 薪械薪邪写褢卸薪芯泄 锌邪屑褟褌懈 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹褔懈泻邪 懈 械谐芯 褉邪蟹写胁芯械薪薪芯屑褍 褋芯蟹薪邪薪懈褞, 屑芯卸械褌 褉邪褋泻褉褘褌褜褋褟 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 写褉褍谐懈屑 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑.
August 15, 2017
Eu at茅 tinha isto mais ou menos alinhavado na minha cabe莽a. At茅 chegar 脿s 煤ltimas p谩ginas e perder o ch茫o e a pouca paz que ainda me restava.
Ao longo de mais de 800 p谩ginas, em que Max Aue se atormentou e me atormentou, fui-lhe dando o benef铆cio da d煤vida; fui tentando justificar o seu comportamento pelo sofrimento que carregava desde a inf芒ncia; pela dor atroz que um amor incestuoso, imposs铆vel, o condenou a viver. Subestimei as afirma莽玫es em que negava arrependimento ou remorsos, achei que o pr贸prio se condenava mas logo se contradizia quando defendia melhorias no tratamento aos prisioneiros dos campos de concentra莽茫o, quando denunciava a brutalidade dos guardas, quando vomitava as entranhas ao ver um cr芒nio esmagado鈥�
Na pen煤ltima p谩gina as minhas ilus玫es ca铆ram por terra: Maximilien Aue, oficial SS do regime nazi, um homem culto e inteligente, apreciador de boa literatura e boa m煤sica, afirmou-se indiscutivelmente como mais uma pe莽a da hierarquia destrutiva convicta da sua superioridade racial, na qual se justificava e absolvia.
Atrav茅s das suas mem贸rias temos acesso detalhado ao funcionamento da m谩quina de guerra nazi at茅 脿 derrocada final, aos meandros dos campos de concentra莽茫o, 脿s perversidades irracionais de quem decidiu erradicar outros seres humanos da face da terra, como 鈥渟olu莽茫o final鈥� e contributo para a ascens茫o de um povo e de uma 鈥渞a莽a superior鈥�.
脡 um livro dif铆cil de ler por v谩rias raz玫es:
-Pelos cap铆tulos excessivamente longos - embora o autor tenha sido capaz de ir mudando de assunto de forma muito natural e flu铆da.
-Pelos termos em alem茫o 鈥� para quem n茫o domina a l铆ngua, 茅 cansativo estar sempre 脿 procura de tradu莽茫o. As explica莽玫es do gloss谩rio s茫o t茫o extensas que desisti ap贸s as primeiras tentativas.
-Pelas explica莽玫es da enorme burocracia do regime, que nos cansam a paci锚ncia apesar de revelarem o quanto eram minuciosos e controladores, e as enormes rivalidades e trai莽玫es existentes entre departamentos.
Apesar disso, apesar das descri莽玫es terr铆veis de grande viol锚ncia, de mostrar como o homem se pode tornar monstruoso em nome de uma ideologia professada por um psicopata que arrastou multid玫es na sua loucura, apesar disto tudo e muito mais, 茅 um livro que me ficar谩 sempre na mem贸ria e que marcou um ponto de viragem nas minhas leituras sobre o holocausto.
A dada altura da narrativa diz Max Aue:
鈥� N茫o pedi para me tornar um assassino; se pudesse escolher, optaria pela literatura.鈥�
Parece t茫o simples. N茫o teremos op莽茫o? Servir谩 de desculpa?
Ao longo de mais de 800 p谩ginas, em que Max Aue se atormentou e me atormentou, fui-lhe dando o benef铆cio da d煤vida; fui tentando justificar o seu comportamento pelo sofrimento que carregava desde a inf芒ncia; pela dor atroz que um amor incestuoso, imposs铆vel, o condenou a viver. Subestimei as afirma莽玫es em que negava arrependimento ou remorsos, achei que o pr贸prio se condenava mas logo se contradizia quando defendia melhorias no tratamento aos prisioneiros dos campos de concentra莽茫o, quando denunciava a brutalidade dos guardas, quando vomitava as entranhas ao ver um cr芒nio esmagado鈥�
Na pen煤ltima p谩gina as minhas ilus玫es ca铆ram por terra: Maximilien Aue, oficial SS do regime nazi, um homem culto e inteligente, apreciador de boa literatura e boa m煤sica, afirmou-se indiscutivelmente como mais uma pe莽a da hierarquia destrutiva convicta da sua superioridade racial, na qual se justificava e absolvia.
Atrav茅s das suas mem贸rias temos acesso detalhado ao funcionamento da m谩quina de guerra nazi at茅 脿 derrocada final, aos meandros dos campos de concentra莽茫o, 脿s perversidades irracionais de quem decidiu erradicar outros seres humanos da face da terra, como 鈥渟olu莽茫o final鈥� e contributo para a ascens茫o de um povo e de uma 鈥渞a莽a superior鈥�.
脡 um livro dif铆cil de ler por v谩rias raz玫es:
-Pelos cap铆tulos excessivamente longos - embora o autor tenha sido capaz de ir mudando de assunto de forma muito natural e flu铆da.
-Pelos termos em alem茫o 鈥� para quem n茫o domina a l铆ngua, 茅 cansativo estar sempre 脿 procura de tradu莽茫o. As explica莽玫es do gloss谩rio s茫o t茫o extensas que desisti ap贸s as primeiras tentativas.
-Pelas explica莽玫es da enorme burocracia do regime, que nos cansam a paci锚ncia apesar de revelarem o quanto eram minuciosos e controladores, e as enormes rivalidades e trai莽玫es existentes entre departamentos.
Apesar disso, apesar das descri莽玫es terr铆veis de grande viol锚ncia, de mostrar como o homem se pode tornar monstruoso em nome de uma ideologia professada por um psicopata que arrastou multid玫es na sua loucura, apesar disto tudo e muito mais, 茅 um livro que me ficar谩 sempre na mem贸ria e que marcou um ponto de viragem nas minhas leituras sobre o holocausto.
A dada altura da narrativa diz Max Aue:
鈥� N茫o pedi para me tornar um assassino; se pudesse escolher, optaria pela literatura.鈥�
Parece t茫o simples. N茫o teremos op莽茫o? Servir谩 de desculpa?
January 21, 2020
l'ultimo grande romanzo ambientato durante la seconda guerra mondiale... per me il pi霉 grande romanzo del xxi secolo... un romanzo durissimo, crudo, dettagliato (la sua pecca e il suo punto di forza allo stesso tempo)... diversissimo rispetto a "vita e destino" di Grossmann. nell'opera di grossmann c'era un po' di poesia, la battaglia di Stalingrado era raccontata in toni mitici epici. ma ne le benevole la battaglia di Stalingrado 猫 narrata con toni meno altisonanti... ne le benevole non esiste il ripensamento e se c'猫 dura un attimo perch茅 tutto ci貌 che viene ordinato, lo si fa per un bene supremo, per il Terzo Reich... non esiste la commozione, devi uccidere perch茅 quelli sono gli ordini, devi pulire, anzi purificare il popolo, i nemici del Volks devono essere annientati. questo romanzo 猫 il prezzo da pagare e il fatto che sia narrato in prima persona lo rende ancora pi霉 temibile "io ho fatto" "io ho visto" "io ho ucciso" ... se fosse stato narrato in terza persona singolare sarebbe rimasto un semplice romanzo ambientato durante la seconda guerra mondiale e nulla pi霉... il fatto che venga narrato in prima persona singolare e che chi parla sia una SS lo rende veramente il pi霉 grande romanzo del XXI secolo
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May 3, 2021" 袗泻芯 褋褌械 褉芯写械薪懈 胁 褋褌褉邪薪邪 懈谢懈 胁褗胁 胁褉械屑械, 泻褗写械褌芯 薪械 褋邪屑芯 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈写胁邪 写邪 褍斜懈械 胁邪褕邪褌邪 卸械薪邪, 胁邪褕懈褌械 写械褑邪, 薪芯 懈 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈褋泻邪 芯褌 胁邪褋 写邪 褍斜懈胁邪褌械 卸械薪懈褌械 懈 写械褑邪褌邪 薪邪 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 褌芯 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉械褌械 薪邪 袘芯谐邪 懈 褋懈 芯褋褌邪薪械褌械 褋 屑懈褉. 袧芯 薪懈泻芯谐邪 薪械 蟹邪斜褉邪胁褟泄褌械: 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋褌械 懈屑邪谢懈 锌芯胁械褔械 泻褗褋屑械褌 芯褌 屑械薪, 薪芯 薪械 褋褌械 锌芯-写芯斜褉懈. 听"
袦薪芯谐芯 褌械卸泻邪 懈 屑褗褔懈褌械谢薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪...蟹邪 蟹胁械褉褋褌胁邪褌邪 锌芯 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪褌邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 褔芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 械 褍褔邪褋褌胁邪谢 胁 褌褟褏.
袧褟泻芯懈 褏芯褉邪 褋邪 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪谢懈 懈褋褌懈薪褋泻芯 懈蟹胁褉邪褌械薪芯 褍写芯胁谢械褌胁芯褉械薪懈械 芯褌 屑褗褔械薪懈褟褌邪 懈 懈蟹写械胁邪褌械谢褋褌胁邪褌邪, 薪芯 写褉褍谐懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褋邪 胁褟褉胁邪谢懈, 斜懈谢芯 懈屑 械 胁屑械薪械薪芯, 褔械 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 锌褉邪胁褟褌 械 蟹邪 斜谢邪谐芯褌芯 薪邪 褋胁械褌邪...
袙 " 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械" 械 锌芯泻邪蟹邪薪芯 懈 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 谢懈褑械 薪邪 褏芯褉邪褌邪, 泻芯懈褌芯 褋邪 斜懈谢懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 芯褉褗写懈褟 胁 褉褗褑械褌械 薪邪 肖褞褉械褉邪.
" 孝械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 褍斜懈胁邪褌, 褋邪 褏芯褉邪, 泻邪泻褌芯 懈 褌械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 褋邪 褍斜懈胁邪薪懈 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 械 褍卸邪褋薪芯褌芯. 袧械 屑芯卸械 写邪 泻邪卸械褌械: 袧懈泻芯谐邪 薪械 褖械 褍斜懈褟, 薪械胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯 械, 薪邪泄-屑薪芯谐芯 屑芯卸械 写邪 泻邪卸械褌械: 袧邪写褟胁邪屑 褋械 薪懈泻芯谐邪 写邪 薪械 褍斜懈褟. 袗蟹 褋褗褖芯 褋械 薪邪写褟胁邪褏, 邪蟹 褋褗褖芯 懈褋泻邪褏 写邪 卸懈胁械褟 褏褍斜邪胁 懈 锌褗谢薪芯褑械薪械薪 卸懈胁芯褌, 写邪 斜褗写邪 褔芯胁械泻 褋褉械写 褏芯褉邪褌邪, 褉邪胁械薪 薪邪 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 邪蟹 褋褗褖芯 懈褋泻邪褏 写邪 写邪屑 褋胁芯褟 锌褉懈薪芯褋 胁 芯斜褖芯褌芯 写械谢芯. 袧芯 芯褔邪泻胁邪薪懈褟褌邪 屑懈 斜褟褏邪 懈蟹屑邪屑械薪懈 懈 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪褏邪 屑芯褟褌邪 褔懈褋褌芯褋褗褉写械褔薪芯褋褌 蟹邪 芯褋褗褖械褋褌胁褟胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 写械谢芯, 泻芯械褌芯 褋械 芯泻邪蟹邪 谢芯褕芯 懈 谐懈斜械谢薪芯, 懈 邪蟹 鈥炐垦€械屑懈薪邪褏 褌褗屑薪懈褌械 斜褉械谐芯胁械鈥�, 懈 褑褟谢芯褌芯 褌芯胁邪 蟹谢芯 薪邪胁谢械蟹械 胁 卸懈胁芯褌邪 屑懈, 懈 薪懈褖芯 薪械 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋械 锌芯锌褉邪胁懈, 薪懈泻芯谐邪. 袛褍屑懈褌械 褋褗褖芯 薪械 褋谢褍卸邪褌 蟹邪 薪懈褖芯, 褌械 懈蟹褔械蟹胁邪褌 泻邪褌芯 胁芯写邪 胁
锌褟褋褗泻, 懈 褌芯蟹懈 锌褟褋褗泻 懈蟹锌褗谢胁邪 褍褋褌邪褌邪 屑懈. 袞懈胁械褟, 锌褉邪胁褟 泻邪泻胁芯褌芯 械 胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯, 褌邪泻邪 械 褋 胁褋懈褔泻懈, 邪蟹 褋褗屑 褔芯胁械泻 泻邪褌芯 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 褔芯胁械泻 泻邪褌芯 胁邪褋. 孝邪泻邪 械, 泻邪蟹胁邪屑 胁懈 谐芯! "
肖芯泻褍褋褗褌 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 械 薪邪褋芯褔械薪 泻褗屑 褖褍褉屑斜邪薪褎褞褉械褉 袦邪泻褋懈屑懈谢懈邪薪 袗褍械( 懈蟹屑懈褋谢械薪 芯褎懈褑械褉, 褋褗斜懈褉邪褌械谢械薪 芯斜褉邪蟹 薪邪 屑薪芯谐芯 褉械邪谢薪懈 褌邪泻懈胁邪), 泻芯泄褌芯 械 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 褋褌褉邪褕薪邪褌邪 屑械褋芯屑械谢邪褔泻邪 薪邪 袪邪泄褏邪 懈 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹邪 械 芯褌 锌褗褉胁芯 谢懈褑械, 锌褉械褔褍锌械薪 锌褉械蟹 薪械谐芯胁邪褌邪 锌褉懈蟹屑邪.
袥懈褔薪懈褟褌 屑懈泻褉芯褋胁褟褌 薪邪 袗褍械 械 薪械 锌芯- 屑邪谢泻芯 褋褌褉邪褕械薪 芯褌 褌芯蟹懈, 泻芯泄褌芯 谐芯 蟹邪芯斜懈泻邪谢褟. 袠薪褌械谢懈谐械薪褌械薪, 芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪, 褞褉懈褋褌, 褋 屑薪芯卸械褋褌胁芯 懈薪褌械褉械褋懈, 薪芯 薪械芯斜褉邪褌懈屑芯 褋褔褍锌械薪 芯褌胁褗褌褉械, 薪械褋锌芯褋芯斜械薪 写邪 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪 褋褗褉写械褔薪懈 褔褍胁褋褌胁邪. 孝芯泄 褋械 锌褉械胁褉褗褖邪 胁 袩邪谢邪褔 薪械 锌芯 锌褉懈蟹胁邪薪懈械, 邪 锌芯 褋褌械褔械薪懈械 薪邪 芯斜褋褌芯褟褌械谢褋褌胁邪褌邪, 锌褉邪胁懈谢 械 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 褋械 械 懈蟹懈褋泻胁邪谢芯 芯褌 薪械谐芯, 懈 褌芯胁邪 谐芯 芯褋邪泻邪褌褟胁邪 芯褖械 锌芯胁械褔械. 袗褍械 屑薪芯谐芯 褟褋薪芯 芯褋褗蟹薪邪胁邪, 褔械 械 屑褗褉褌褗胁 芯褌胁褗褌褉械, 邪 蟹邪 褌芯胁邪 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械 胁 卸懈胁芯 褌褟谢芯- 薪褟屑邪. 袙褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 谐芯 褌谢邪褋泻邪 泻褗屑 锌芯褉械写懈褑邪 芯褌 懈蟹胁褉邪褖械薪懈褟, 褋褟泻邪褕 褌械 褋邪 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 写邪 谐芯 薪邪泻邪褉邪褌 写邪 褋械 褔褍胁褋褌胁邪 卸懈胁. 袛邪, 薪芯, 薪械.
袙褗褌褉械褕薪懈褟褌 褋胁褟褌 薪邪 袗褍械 械 褌褗屑械薪, 谢械锌泻邪胁, 褌褟谐芯褋褌械薪. 袙褋械 械写薪芯 褋懈 褋械 薪邪褌芯锌懈谢 胁 屑邪蟹褍褌. 袠屑邪褕 褔褍胁褋褌胁芯, 褔械 锌芯谢械锌胁邪 锌芯 褌械斜, 薪邪胁谢懈蟹邪 胁 锌芯褉懈褌械 褌懈 懈 褌械 蟹邪写褍褕邪胁邪. 孝褗卸薪芯 械, 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 械 褌褗卸薪芯. 袛邪, 写褍褕械胁薪邪褌邪 屑褍 斜芯谢泻邪 薪械 屑芯卸械 写邪 懈蟹屑懈械 屑懈薪邪谢芯褌芯 屑褍, 薪芯 懈 褌芯泄 泻邪褌芯 胁褋懈褔泻懈 锌芯褋褌褉邪写邪谢懈, 械 卸械褉褌胁邪 薪邪 械写薪邪 蟹谢芯胁械褖邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟.
" 袨褌 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 懈蟹谢褟蟹芯褏 泻邪褌芯 锌褉邪蟹械薪 褔芯胁械泻, 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪芯 褋 谐芯褉褔懈胁懈薪邪 懈 锌褉芯写褗谢卸懈褌械谢械薪, 泻邪褌芯 褋泻褗褉褑邪褖 屑械卸写褍 蟹褗斜懈褌械 锌褟褋褗泻, 褋褉邪屑."
袠 褌邪泻邪 写芯 褎懈薪邪谢褗褌, 泻芯泄褌芯 械 芯褌褔邪泄胁邪褖芯- 褋屑邪蟹胁邪褖 褋 褍褋械褖邪薪械褌芯 蟹邪 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁械薪邪 芯斜褉械褔械薪芯褋褌, 泻芯褟褌芯 褋褗蟹写邪胁邪...
袠褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 械 屑褉邪褔薪邪 懈 锌褉械蟹 薪械褟 褋械 锌褉械屑懈薪邪胁邪 褌褉褍写薪芯, 泻邪褌芯 锌褉械蟹 芯褌褉褍锌邪薪芯 褋 谐褉芯斜芯胁械 锌芯谢械. 袣薪懈谐邪褌邪 械 斜械蟹锌芯褖邪写薪邪, 褏谢邪写薪芯泻褉褗胁薪邪, 懈 懈蟹芯斜褉邪蟹褟胁邪 褔褍写芯胁懈褖薪懈褟 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈 屑械褏邪薪懈蟹褗屑 蟹邪 褉邪蟹褔懈褋褌胁邪薪械, 泻邪泻褌芯 懈 泻邪泻胁芯 锌褉懈褔懈薪褟胁邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 薪邪 "锌懈芯薪泻懈褌械" , 懈蟹锌褗谢薪褟胁邪褖懈 锌芯褉褗褔械薪懈褟褌邪. 孝芯胁邪 械 褔邪褋褌 芯褌 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 懈 写芯褉懈 写邪 懈褋泻邪屑械 写邪 褋懈 蟹邪褌胁芯褉懈屑 芯褔懈褌械 锌褉械写 薪械褟, 薪褟屑邪 泻邪泻 写邪 褟 懈蟹褌褉懈械屑. 袨褋褌邪胁邪 褋邪屑芯 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌邪屑械 写邪 褉邪蟹斜械褉械屑, 泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 懈 写邪 械 褌褉褍写薪芯.
孝芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 锌褉芯胁芯泻懈褉邪 袥懈褌械谢 写邪 褋械 褉邪蟹褉芯胁懈 懈 写邪 薪邪锌懈褕械 褉芯屑邪薪褗褌 械 械写薪邪 褋薪懈屑泻邪 薪邪 芯斜械褋械薪邪 卸械薪邪( 袟芯褟 袣芯褋屑芯写械屑褟薪褋泻邪褟, 1941谐) 泻芯褟褌芯 褌芯泄 薪邪屑懈褉邪( 锌褉械蟹 1989谐). 袧褟屑邪 写邪 锌芯泻邪蟹胁邪屑 褋薪懈屑泻邪褌邪, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 斜懈 懈褋泻邪谢 写邪 斜褗写械 蟹邪锌芯屑薪械薪 胁 薪邪泄- 褍褟蟹胁懈屑懈褟 屑芯屑械薪褌 芯褌 褋胁芯褟 锌褗褌. 袣芯泄褌芯 卸械谢邪械 屑芯卸械 写邪 褟 薪邪屑械褉懈 胁 懈薪褌械褉薪械褌 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁芯褌芯.
袣薪懈谐邪褌邪 褋械 谐褉邪写懈 薪邪 褎邪泻褌懈, 屑薪芯谐芯 褌褗卸薪懈 褎邪泻褌懈, 芯褌胁褗写 褔芯胁械褕泻懈褟 褉邪蟹褍屑. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 芯斜邪褔械 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 懈褋泻邪 写邪 锌芯泻邪卸械, 褔械 胁褗胁 胁褋械泻懈 褔芯胁械泻 写褉械屑械 锌芯 械写懈薪 蟹胁褟褉, 泻芯泄褌芯 薪械 褋械 蟹薪邪械 泻芯谐邪 懈 泻邪泻 屑芯卸械 写邪 斜褗写械 褋褗斜褍写械薪. 袧芯 褋褗斜褍写懈 谢懈 褋械, 褋褌邪胁邪 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯.
" 袛芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪懈褌械" 械 锌谢芯写 薪邪 褔褍褌芯胁械薪 褌褉褍写 懈 芯谐褉芯屑薪邪 褋懈谢邪 薪邪 写褍褏邪 薪邪 邪胁褌芯褉邪 写邪 褋械 懈蟹锌褉邪胁懈 褋褉械褖褍 薪械褑械薪蟹褍褉懈褉邪薪懈褌械 懈 薪邪褌褍褉邪谢懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 褎邪泻褌懈.
December 11, 2020
袛芯斜褉懈褌械, 谢芯褕懈褌械 懈 蟹谢懈褌械 谐褍斜褟褌 谢懈褑械 锌褉械写 谢懈褑械褌芯 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪. 袠谢懈 锌褗泻 薪邪 褟胁械 懈蟹谢懈蟹邪 懈褋褌懈薪褋泻芯褌芯 懈屑 谢懈褑械?
孝芯胁邪 械 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 泻芯泄褌芯 屑械 械 屑褗褔懈谢 懈 写芯 屑芯屑械薪褌邪 懈 锌褉芯写褗谢卸邪胁邪 褋胁芯械褌芯 谢褍褌邪薪械 胁 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉懈. 孝邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 芯斜械褖邪胁邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉懈, 薪芯 芯斜械褖邪胁邪 写邪 锌芯泻邪卸械 懈褋褌懈薪褋泻芯褌芯 谢懈褑械. 袦邪泻邪褉 芯斜褉邪蟹褗褌 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 写邪 械 褎懈泻褑懈褟, 褌芯泄 褋懈谐懈褉薪芯 懈 写邪 械 锌芯-褉械邪谢械薪 芯褌 褉械写懈褑邪 "屑械屑芯邪褉懈" 懈蟹谢械蟹谢懈 芯褌 锌褉械卸懈胁械谢懈褌械 WWII.
袝写薪邪 褋薪懈屑泻邪 泻邪蟹胁邪谢邪 锌芯胁械褔械 芯褌 1000 写褍屑懈 懈 蟹邪 写邪 褋锌械褋褌褟 1000 写褍屑懈 褉械胁褞, 褖械 胁懈 芯薪邪谐谢械写褟 泻邪泻胁芯 褖械 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟胁邪 蟹邪 胁邪褋 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪:
袩褉械写褋褌邪胁械褌械 褋懈, 褔械 薪褟泻芯泄 胁懈 锌褍褋泻邪 锌褉械蟹 谐芯褉薪懈褟 芯褌胁芯褉, 屑械谢懈褌械 褋械 900 褋褌褉. 褋 写褉械斜械薪 褕褉懈褎褌 懈 锌芯褋谢械 懈蟹谢懈蟹邪褌械 芯褌 锌褉械写薪懈褟 泻褉邪泄.
2 褋邪 芯褋薪芯胁薪懈褌械 谢懈薪懈懈, 锌褉械蟹 泻芯懈褌芯 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔褗褌 褖械 薪懈 锌褉械胁械写械:
- 褋谢褍卸械斜薪邪褌邪, 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟, 屑械褌芯写懈褔薪芯褌芯 褔懈薪芯胁薪懈褔械褋泻芯 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈械 薪邪 褋谢褍卸斜邪褌邪;
- 谢懈褔薪芯褌芯, 褎邪薪褌邪蟹懈褟褌邪, 褋褔褍锌械薪邪褌邪 写褍褕械胁薪芯褋褌.
袩芯 械写薪芯 胁褉械屑械 褋懈 屑懈褋谢械褏, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 褋邪 写胁械 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 泻薪懈谐懈 懈 褋械 褔褍写械褏 泻邪泻胁芯 锌褉邪胁褟褌 蟹邪械写薪芯. 袟邪胁褗褉褕懈谢 锌芯褋谢械写薪邪褌邪 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑邪, 蟹薪邪屑, 褔械 邪胁褌芯褉褗褌 械 锌芯泻邪蟹邪谢 谐械薪懈邪谢薪芯褋褌 懈屑械薪薪芯 胁 芯斜械写懈薪械薪懈械褌芯 懈屑. 袦芯卸械 斜懈, 锌芯芯褌写械谢薪芯 薪械 斜懈褏 胁褗蟹锌褉懈械谢 薪懈褌芯 械写薪邪 芯褌 写胁械褌械 ... 芯褋芯斜械薪芯 蟹邪 谢懈褔薪懈褟 屑褍 卸懈胁芯褌, 褌芯蟹懈 褋谢褍褔胁邪褖 褋械 胁 谐谢邪胁邪褌邪, 胁褗褌褉械褕薪芯褋褌懈褌械 懈 褖械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 谐械褉芯褟. 袧褟泻褗写械 斜褟褏 褔械谢 褉械胁褞褌邪, 褔械 褌械 褋邪 谢芯褕芯 懈蟹锌褗谢械薪懈械 薪邪 胁芯械薪薪芯 锌芯褉薪芯, 芯斜邪褔械 邪蟹 锌褉械写锌芯褔械褌芯褏 写邪 谐懈 胁褗蟹锌褉懈械屑邪 锌芯 写褉褍谐 薪邪褔懈薪. 袟邪 屑械薪 褌械 褋邪 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 泻邪泻胁芯褌芯 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈 褋邪屑邪 褋褗褋 褋械斜械 褋懈 懈 褋 芯泻芯谢薪懈褌械. 小 褑械谢懈褟 褋胁褟褌. 袣邪泻褌芯 懈 芯褋褌邪薪邪谢懈褟褌 褋胁褟褌 薪械 褋械 芯泻邪蟹邪 锌芯-写芯斜褗褉. 孝芯胁邪 薪懈 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褌 斜械蟹褍屑薪懈褌械 屑褍 斜谢褟薪芯胁械, 懈薪褑械褋褌懈 懈 写械褎械泻邪褑懈懈 - 褌芯胁邪 械 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 WWII.
袛褗谢谐懈褌械 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻懈 芯褌泻谢芯薪械薪懈褟 懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟褌邪 泻邪褌芯 褑褟谢芯 蟹邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪褌邪 薪邪 谐械薪芯褑懈写邪 褋邪 胁邪卸薪懈 锌芯 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 锌褉懈褔懈薪懈. 袧芯 薪邪泄-胁械褔械 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌邪屑械 写邪 褋懈 芯斜褟褋薪懈屑 薪械芯斜褟褋薪懈屑芯褌芯 懈 褌芯 薪懈泻芯谐邪 锌芯胁械褔械 写邪 薪械 褋械 锌芯胁褌邪褉褟. 袘械蟹 胁薪懈泻胁邪薪械, 薪褟屑邪 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪薪械, 薪褟屑邪 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈械, 薪褟屑邪 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯写械泄褋褌胁懈械.
"袟薪邪褔懈 褌芯胁邪 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈褏邪 芯褌 屑械薪. 效芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 薪械 屑芯卸械 写邪 锌芯谐谢械写薪械 谐芯褉邪褌邪, 斜械蟹 写邪 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈 屑邪褋芯胁懈 谐褉芯斜芯胁械"
袥懈褌械谢 褍屑懈褕谢械薪芯 械 懈褋泻邪谢 写邪 薪懈 褋屑械谢懈. 袨褋胁械薪, 褔械 褋邪屑邪褌邪 胁芯泄薪邪 械 屑械褋芯屑械谢邪褔泻邪 蟹邪 褋褗写斜懈 懈 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉懈, 褌褟 械 懈 褌褉邪薪褋褎芯褉屑懈褉邪褖邪 褋懈谢邪. 袣邪褌邪褉蟹懈褋褗褌, 褋 泻芯泄褌芯 斜邪谢邪薪褋褗褌 褋械 斜芯褉懈 锌褉械蟹 褑褟谢芯褌芯 胁褉械屑械. 袨褌胁械卸写邪 薪懈 芯褌 械写薪芯 褋褗褋褌芯褟薪懈械 胁 写褉褍谐芯. 肖懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈, 薪芯 懈 薪邪泄-胁械褔械 屑械褌邪褎懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈. 袣薪懈谐邪褌邪 械 锌芯褋褌褉芯械薪邪 褌邪泻邪, 褔械 写邪 薪懈 锌芯谐褗谢薪械 泻邪褌芯 褔褍写芯胁懈褖械 胁 褌褗褉斜褍褏邪 褋懈 懈 写邪 薪懈 懈蟹锌谢褞械 锌褉械蟹 写械斜械谢芯褌芯 褔械褉胁芯. 孝褟 薪褟屑邪 写邪 薪懈 写邪写械 锌芯褔懈胁泻邪, 薪褟屑邪 写邪 懈屑邪 锌邪褍蟹邪, 薪褟屑邪 写邪 懈屑邪 胁褉械屑械 蟹邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢 懈蟹胁褗薪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 锌邪褉邪谢械谢械薪 褋 褌芯蟹懈 薪邪 谐械褉芯懈褌械. 孝芯胁邪 褖械 薪懈 芯褋懈谐褍褉懈 褏褉邪薪邪褌邪 蟹邪 写褍褕械胁薪芯 写褗胁褔械薪械 屑薪芯谐芯 褋谢械写 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪.
袙 褌芯蟹懈 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 写芯褉懈 懈屑邪 械写懈薪 谐械泄屑懈褎懈泻械泄褕褗薪 械谢械屑械薪褌, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 锌褉懈褋褌褉邪褋褌懈 褔懈褌邪褌械谢褟. 小谢械写械薪械褌芯 懈 谢芯谐懈褋褌懈泻邪褌邪 薪邪 褉械褋褍褉褋懈褌械, 褉械褕械薪懈褟褌邪 褋胁褗褉蟹邪薪懈 褋 褌褟褏, 写芯泻谢邪写懈褌械, 褋褉械褖懈褌械 褋 胁懈褋褕懈褟 械褕邪谢芯薪 懈 褋 芯斜褗褉泻邪薪懈褌械 写褍褕懈 薪邪 褎褉芯薪褌邪. 袣芯薪褑谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 懈 谢邪谐械褉懈褋褌懈褌械 胁 褌褟褏, 褉邪蟹谐谢械卸写邪薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褉械褋褍褉褋, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 械 芯斜械泻褌 薪邪 写械斜邪褌 屑械卸写褍 SS-芯褋胁褑懈褌械. 袛械褌邪泄谢薪芯褌芯 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈械 薪邪 芯斜褋褌邪薪芯胁泻邪褌邪 锌芯屑邪谐邪, 薪芯 懈 薪懈 胁泻邪褉胁邪 锌芯-薪邪写褗谢斜芯谢芯 胁 褌褉邪锌邪 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 屑芯屑械薪褌懈. 袣邪褌芯 泻谢邪写械薪械褑, 胁 泻芯泄褌芯 褋屑械 锌邪写薪邪谢懈, 邪 褌芯泄 褋褌邪胁邪 胁褋械 锌芯-写褗谢斜芯泻.
袛邪 胁懈写懈屑 谢懈褑械褌芯 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪, 写邪 谐芯 锌褉械蟹褉械屑 懈 蟹邪锌邪屑械褌懈屑 胁 褋褌褉芯谐芯 芯褏褉邪薪褟胁邪薪芯 泻褗褌褔械 薪邪 褋褗蟹薪邪薪懈械褌芯. 袧械 屑芯谐邪 写邪 褔械褌邪 写懈褉械泻褌薪芯 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 薪邪 邪胁褌芯褉邪, 薪芯 褋褌褉褍胁邪 屑懈 褋械, 褌芯胁邪 械 懈褋泻邪谢 写邪 锌芯褋褌懈谐薪械 褋褗褋 褋胁芯褟 芯谐褉芯屑械薪 褌褉褍写 - 芯谐褉芯屑械薪 泻邪褌芯 芯斜械屑, 泻邪褌芯 蟹邪屑懈褋褗谢 懈 褋懈谐褍褉械薪 褋褗屑 褌胁褗褉写械 泻褗褉褌芯胁褋泻懈 屑薪芯谐芯谐芯写懈褕械薪 褌褉褍写 锌芯 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈械褌芯. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 褋邪屑懈褟褌 邪胁褌芯褉 薪械 械 斜懈谢 褋褗褖懈褟褌 褋谢械写 薪邪锌懈褋胁邪薪械褌芯 褲.
孝邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 械 蟹邪 薪械锌芯写谐芯褌胁械薪 褔懈褌邪褌械谢. 袧械 斜懈胁邪 写邪 胁懈 械 锌褗褉胁邪褌邪 薪邪 胁芯械薪薪邪 褌械屑邪褌懈泻邪. 孝褟 械 蟹邪 芯褔懈 薪邪 褔懈褌邪褌械谢懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 胁械褔械 褋邪 褋械 褋褉械褖邪谢懈 褋 褍卸邪褋懈褌械, 锌褉懈褔懈薪械薪懈 芯褌 褔芯胁械褕泻邪褌邪 谐谢褍锌芯褋褌 懈 褌褗褉褋褟褌 芯褖械 械写薪邪 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪. 孝褟 械 蟹邪 褋屑械谢懈褌械, 蟹邪 褌褗褉褋械褖懈褌械. 袧械 械 蟹邪 褌褗褉褋械褖懈 泻芯屑褎芯褉褌邪. 孝褟 械 泻邪褌芯 褌褉芯薪 芯褌 褌褉褗薪懈, 泻褗屑 泻芯懈褌芯 褋械 锌褉懈褋褌褉邪褋褌褟胁邪褕 懈 胁械褔械 屑械泻邪褌邪 屑械斜械谢 褌懈 懈蟹谐谢械卸写邪 谐谢邪写泻芯 褋泻褍褔薪邪. 孝褟 械 芯斜褉邪褌薪芯褌芯 薪邪 "写芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪邪", 褌褟 械 懈蟹褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褋泻懈 褌褉褍写 薪邪写 蟹谢芯褌芯.
袧邪泻褉邪褌泻芯 - 褌芯褔薪懈褟褌 懈蟹斜芯褉 蟹邪 褌懈褏懈褌械 泻芯谢械写薪懈 锌褉邪蟹薪懈褑懈 薪邪 谐芯锟斤拷懈薪邪 泻邪褌芯 2020.
P.S.
袧械 褋褗屑 斜懈谢 薪邪 锌芯胁械褔械褌芯 屑械褋褌邪 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈 胁 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪, 薪芯 锌芯蟹薪邪胁邪屑 屑薪芯谐芯 写芯斜褉械 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褌械 屑械褋褌邪 胁 袘械褉谢懈薪, 胁泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 褌械蟹懈 褋胁褗褉蟹邪薪懈 褋 锌褉械胁蟹械屑邪薪械褌芯 屑褍. 袛邪 谐懈 胁懈写褟 锌褉械蟹 芯褔懈褌械 薪邪 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔邪 泻邪泻 芯卸懈胁褟胁邪褌, 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写邪褌 锌芯谐褍斜械薪懈, 褋懈 斜械褕械 锌芯泻褗褉褌懈褌械谢薪芯 锌褉械卸懈胁褟胁邪薪械. 袠屑械薪邪褌邪 薪邪 褍谢懈褑懈褌械, 褋谐褉邪写懈褌械 懈 泻胁邪褉褌邪谢懈褌械 ... 锌褉械薪邪褋褟褌 褌械 褌邪屑. 袩芯褋谢械写薪懈褌械 邪泻芯褉写懈 褋邪 褉邪蟹褉褍褕械薪懈褟褌邪 胁 蟹芯芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 谐褉邪写懈薪邪 - 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪褌邪 胁 写胁懈卸械薪懈械 械 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 卸懈胁芯锌懈褋薪邪.
孝芯胁邪 械 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 泻芯泄褌芯 屑械 械 屑褗褔懈谢 懈 写芯 屑芯屑械薪褌邪 懈 锌褉芯写褗谢卸邪胁邪 褋胁芯械褌芯 谢褍褌邪薪械 胁 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉懈. 孝邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 芯斜械褖邪胁邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉懈, 薪芯 芯斜械褖邪胁邪 写邪 锌芯泻邪卸械 懈褋褌懈薪褋泻芯褌芯 谢懈褑械. 袦邪泻邪褉 芯斜褉邪蟹褗褌 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 写邪 械 褎懈泻褑懈褟, 褌芯泄 褋懈谐懈褉薪芯 懈 写邪 械 锌芯-褉械邪谢械薪 芯褌 褉械写懈褑邪 "屑械屑芯邪褉懈" 懈蟹谢械蟹谢懈 芯褌 锌褉械卸懈胁械谢懈褌械 WWII.
袝写薪邪 褋薪懈屑泻邪 泻邪蟹胁邪谢邪 锌芯胁械褔械 芯褌 1000 写褍屑懈 懈 蟹邪 写邪 褋锌械褋褌褟 1000 写褍屑懈 褉械胁褞, 褖械 胁懈 芯薪邪谐谢械写褟 泻邪泻胁芯 褖械 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟胁邪 蟹邪 胁邪褋 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪:
袩褉械写褋褌邪胁械褌械 褋懈, 褔械 薪褟泻芯泄 胁懈 锌褍褋泻邪 锌褉械蟹 谐芯褉薪懈褟 芯褌胁芯褉, 屑械谢懈褌械 褋械 900 褋褌褉. 褋 写褉械斜械薪 褕褉懈褎褌 懈 锌芯褋谢械 懈蟹谢懈蟹邪褌械 芯褌 锌褉械写薪懈褟 泻褉邪泄.
2 褋邪 芯褋薪芯胁薪懈褌械 谢懈薪懈懈, 锌褉械蟹 泻芯懈褌芯 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔褗褌 褖械 薪懈 锌褉械胁械写械:
- 褋谢褍卸械斜薪邪褌邪, 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟, 屑械褌芯写懈褔薪芯褌芯 褔懈薪芯胁薪懈褔械褋泻芯 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈械 薪邪 褋谢褍卸斜邪褌邪;
- 谢懈褔薪芯褌芯, 褎邪薪褌邪蟹懈褟褌邪, 褋褔褍锌械薪邪褌邪 写褍褕械胁薪芯褋褌.
袩芯 械写薪芯 胁褉械屑械 褋懈 屑懈褋谢械褏, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 褋邪 写胁械 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 泻薪懈谐懈 懈 褋械 褔褍写械褏 泻邪泻胁芯 锌褉邪胁褟褌 蟹邪械写薪芯. 袟邪胁褗褉褕懈谢 锌芯褋谢械写薪邪褌邪 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑邪, 蟹薪邪屑, 褔械 邪胁褌芯褉褗褌 械 锌芯泻邪蟹邪谢 谐械薪懈邪谢薪芯褋褌 懈屑械薪薪芯 胁 芯斜械写懈薪械薪懈械褌芯 懈屑. 袦芯卸械 斜懈, 锌芯芯褌写械谢薪芯 薪械 斜懈褏 胁褗蟹锌褉懈械谢 薪懈褌芯 械写薪邪 芯褌 写胁械褌械 ... 芯褋芯斜械薪芯 蟹邪 谢懈褔薪懈褟 屑褍 卸懈胁芯褌, 褌芯蟹懈 褋谢褍褔胁邪褖 褋械 胁 谐谢邪胁邪褌邪, 胁褗褌褉械褕薪芯褋褌懈褌械 懈 褖械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 谐械褉芯褟. 袧褟泻褗写械 斜褟褏 褔械谢 褉械胁褞褌邪, 褔械 褌械 褋邪 谢芯褕芯 懈蟹锌褗谢械薪懈械 薪邪 胁芯械薪薪芯 锌芯褉薪芯, 芯斜邪褔械 邪蟹 锌褉械写锌芯褔械褌芯褏 写邪 谐懈 胁褗蟹锌褉懈械屑邪 锌芯 写褉褍谐 薪邪褔懈薪. 袟邪 屑械薪 褌械 褋邪 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 泻邪泻胁芯褌芯 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈 褋邪屑邪 褋褗褋 褋械斜械 褋懈 懈 褋 芯泻芯谢薪懈褌械. 小 褑械谢懈褟 褋胁褟褌. 袣邪泻褌芯 懈 芯褋褌邪薪邪谢懈褟褌 褋胁褟褌 薪械 褋械 芯泻邪蟹邪 锌芯-写芯斜褗褉. 孝芯胁邪 薪懈 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褌 斜械蟹褍屑薪懈褌械 屑褍 斜谢褟薪芯胁械, 懈薪褑械褋褌懈 懈 写械褎械泻邪褑懈懈 - 褌芯胁邪 械 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 WWII.
袛褗谢谐懈褌械 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻懈 芯褌泻谢芯薪械薪懈褟 懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟褌邪 泻邪褌芯 褑褟谢芯 蟹邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪褌邪 薪邪 谐械薪芯褑懈写邪 褋邪 胁邪卸薪懈 锌芯 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 锌褉懈褔懈薪懈. 袧芯 薪邪泄-胁械褔械 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌邪屑械 写邪 褋懈 芯斜褟褋薪懈屑 薪械芯斜褟褋薪懈屑芯褌芯 懈 褌芯 薪懈泻芯谐邪 锌芯胁械褔械 写邪 薪械 褋械 锌芯胁褌邪褉褟. 袘械蟹 胁薪懈泻胁邪薪械, 薪褟屑邪 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪薪械, 薪褟屑邪 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈械, 薪褟屑邪 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯写械泄褋褌胁懈械.
"袟薪邪褔懈 褌芯胁邪 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈褏邪 芯褌 屑械薪. 效芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 薪械 屑芯卸械 写邪 锌芯谐谢械写薪械 谐芯褉邪褌邪, 斜械蟹 写邪 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈 屑邪褋芯胁懈 谐褉芯斜芯胁械"
袥懈褌械谢 褍屑懈褕谢械薪芯 械 懈褋泻邪谢 写邪 薪懈 褋屑械谢懈. 袨褋胁械薪, 褔械 褋邪屑邪褌邪 胁芯泄薪邪 械 屑械褋芯屑械谢邪褔泻邪 蟹邪 褋褗写斜懈 懈 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉懈, 褌褟 械 懈 褌褉邪薪褋褎芯褉屑懈褉邪褖邪 褋懈谢邪. 袣邪褌邪褉蟹懈褋褗褌, 褋 泻芯泄褌芯 斜邪谢邪薪褋褗褌 褋械 斜芯褉懈 锌褉械蟹 褑褟谢芯褌芯 胁褉械屑械. 袨褌胁械卸写邪 薪懈 芯褌 械写薪芯 褋褗褋褌芯褟薪懈械 胁 写褉褍谐芯. 肖懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈, 薪芯 懈 薪邪泄-胁械褔械 屑械褌邪褎懈蟹懈褔械褋泻懈. 袣薪懈谐邪褌邪 械 锌芯褋褌褉芯械薪邪 褌邪泻邪, 褔械 写邪 薪懈 锌芯谐褗谢薪械 泻邪褌芯 褔褍写芯胁懈褖械 胁 褌褗褉斜褍褏邪 褋懈 懈 写邪 薪懈 懈蟹锌谢褞械 锌褉械蟹 写械斜械谢芯褌芯 褔械褉胁芯. 孝褟 薪褟屑邪 写邪 薪懈 写邪写械 锌芯褔懈胁泻邪, 薪褟屑邪 写邪 懈屑邪 锌邪褍蟹邪, 薪褟屑邪 写邪 懈屑邪 胁褉械屑械 蟹邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢 懈蟹胁褗薪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 锌邪褉邪谢械谢械薪 褋 褌芯蟹懈 薪邪 谐械褉芯懈褌械. 孝芯胁邪 褖械 薪懈 芯褋懈谐褍褉懈 褏褉邪薪邪褌邪 蟹邪 写褍褕械胁薪芯 写褗胁褔械薪械 屑薪芯谐芯 褋谢械写 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪.
袙 褌芯蟹懈 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 写芯褉懈 懈屑邪 械写懈薪 谐械泄屑懈褎懈泻械泄褕褗薪 械谢械屑械薪褌, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 锌褉懈褋褌褉邪褋褌懈 褔懈褌邪褌械谢褟. 小谢械写械薪械褌芯 懈 谢芯谐懈褋褌懈泻邪褌邪 薪邪 褉械褋褍褉褋懈褌械, 褉械褕械薪懈褟褌邪 褋胁褗褉蟹邪薪懈 褋 褌褟褏, 写芯泻谢邪写懈褌械, 褋褉械褖懈褌械 褋 胁懈褋褕懈褟 械褕邪谢芯薪 懈 褋 芯斜褗褉泻邪薪懈褌械 写褍褕懈 薪邪 褎褉芯薪褌邪. 袣芯薪褑谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 懈 谢邪谐械褉懈褋褌懈褌械 胁 褌褟褏, 褉邪蟹谐谢械卸写邪薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褉械褋褍褉褋, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 械 芯斜械泻褌 薪邪 写械斜邪褌 屑械卸写褍 SS-芯褋胁褑懈褌械. 袛械褌邪泄谢薪芯褌芯 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈械 薪邪 芯斜褋褌邪薪芯胁泻邪褌邪 锌芯屑邪谐邪, 薪芯 懈 薪懈 胁泻邪褉胁邪 锌芯-薪邪写褗谢斜芯谢芯 胁 褌褉邪锌邪 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 屑芯屑械薪褌懈. 袣邪褌芯 泻谢邪写械薪械褑, 胁 泻芯泄褌芯 褋屑械 锌邪写薪邪谢懈, 邪 褌芯泄 褋褌邪胁邪 胁褋械 锌芯-写褗谢斜芯泻.
袛邪 胁懈写懈屑 谢懈褑械褌芯 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪, 写邪 谐芯 锌褉械蟹褉械屑 懈 蟹邪锌邪屑械褌懈屑 胁 褋褌褉芯谐芯 芯褏褉邪薪褟胁邪薪芯 泻褗褌褔械 薪邪 褋褗蟹薪邪薪懈械褌芯. 袧械 屑芯谐邪 写邪 褔械褌邪 写懈褉械泻褌薪芯 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 薪邪 邪胁褌芯褉邪, 薪芯 褋褌褉褍胁邪 屑懈 褋械, 褌芯胁邪 械 懈褋泻邪谢 写邪 锌芯褋褌懈谐薪械 褋褗褋 褋胁芯褟 芯谐褉芯屑械薪 褌褉褍写 - 芯谐褉芯屑械薪 泻邪褌芯 芯斜械屑, 泻邪褌芯 蟹邪屑懈褋褗谢 懈 褋懈谐褍褉械薪 褋褗屑 褌胁褗褉写械 泻褗褉褌芯胁褋泻懈 屑薪芯谐芯谐芯写懈褕械薪 褌褉褍写 锌芯 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈械褌芯. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 褋邪屑懈褟褌 邪胁褌芯褉 薪械 械 斜懈谢 褋褗褖懈褟褌 褋谢械写 薪邪锌懈褋胁邪薪械褌芯 褲.
孝邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 械 蟹邪 薪械锌芯写谐芯褌胁械薪 褔懈褌邪褌械谢. 袧械 斜懈胁邪 写邪 胁懈 械 锌褗褉胁邪褌邪 薪邪 胁芯械薪薪邪 褌械屑邪褌懈泻邪. 孝褟 械 蟹邪 芯褔懈 薪邪 褔懈褌邪褌械谢懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 胁械褔械 褋邪 褋械 褋褉械褖邪谢懈 褋 褍卸邪褋懈褌械, 锌褉懈褔懈薪械薪懈 芯褌 褔芯胁械褕泻邪褌邪 谐谢褍锌芯褋褌 懈 褌褗褉褋褟褌 芯褖械 械写薪邪 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪. 孝褟 械 蟹邪 褋屑械谢懈褌械, 蟹邪 褌褗褉褋械褖懈褌械. 袧械 械 蟹邪 褌褗褉褋械褖懈 泻芯屑褎芯褉褌邪. 孝褟 械 泻邪褌芯 褌褉芯薪 芯褌 褌褉褗薪懈, 泻褗屑 泻芯懈褌芯 褋械 锌褉懈褋褌褉邪褋褌褟胁邪褕 懈 胁械褔械 屑械泻邪褌邪 屑械斜械谢 褌懈 懈蟹谐谢械卸写邪 谐谢邪写泻芯 褋泻褍褔薪邪. 孝褟 械 芯斜褉邪褌薪芯褌芯 薪邪 "写芯斜褉芯卸械谢邪褌械谢薪邪", 褌褟 械 懈蟹褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褋泻懈 褌褉褍写 薪邪写 蟹谢芯褌芯.
袧邪泻褉邪褌泻芯 - 褌芯褔薪懈褟褌 懈蟹斜芯褉 蟹邪 褌懈褏懈褌械 泻芯谢械写薪懈 锌褉邪蟹薪懈褑懈 薪邪 谐芯锟斤拷懈薪邪 泻邪褌芯 2020.
P.S.
袧械 褋褗屑 斜懈谢 薪邪 锌芯胁械褔械褌芯 屑械褋褌邪 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈 胁 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪, 薪芯 锌芯蟹薪邪胁邪屑 屑薪芯谐芯 写芯斜褉械 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褌械 屑械褋褌邪 胁 袘械褉谢懈薪, 胁泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 褌械蟹懈 褋胁褗褉蟹邪薪懈 褋 锌褉械胁蟹械屑邪薪械褌芯 屑褍. 袛邪 谐懈 胁懈写褟 锌褉械蟹 芯褔懈褌械 薪邪 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔邪 泻邪泻 芯卸懈胁褟胁邪褌, 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写邪褌 锌芯谐褍斜械薪懈, 褋懈 斜械褕械 锌芯泻褗褉褌懈褌械谢薪芯 锌褉械卸懈胁褟胁邪薪械. 袠屑械薪邪褌邪 薪邪 褍谢懈褑懈褌械, 褋谐褉邪写懈褌械 懈 泻胁邪褉褌邪谢懈褌械 ... 锌褉械薪邪褋褟褌 褌械 褌邪屑. 袩芯褋谢械写薪懈褌械 邪泻芯褉写懈 褋邪 褉邪蟹褉褍褕械薪懈褟褌邪 胁 蟹芯芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 谐褉邪写懈薪邪 - 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪褌邪 胁 写胁懈卸械薪懈械 械 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 卸懈胁芯锌懈褋薪邪.
August 31, 2014
袙 薪邪褔邪谢芯褌芯 褋械 褔褍写械褏 懈屑邪 谢懈 褋屑懈褋褗谢 写邪 褟 褔械褌邪 褋谢械写 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 泻薪懈谐懈/褎懈谢屑懈 蟹邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪, 蟹邪 啸芯谢芯泻芯褋褌邪鈥� 袧芯 斜褗褉蟹芯 褋褌邪薪邪 褟褋薪芯, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 薪褟屑邪 写邪 械 泻薪懈谐邪 蟹邪 1-5-20 屑懈谢懈芯薪邪 卸械褉褌胁懈 鈥� 褉褍褋薪邪褑懈, 锌芯谢褟褑懈, 械胁褉械懈 懈谢懈 谐械褉屑邪薪褑懈. 孝褍泻 褋褌邪胁邪 胁褗锌褉芯褋 蟹邪 薪械褖芯 锌芯-谐谢芯斜邪谢薪芯 鈥� 褔芯胁械褔械褋褌胁芯褌芯; 懈 褋褗褖械胁褉械屑械薪薪芯 蟹邪 芯褌写械谢薪邪褌邪 褔芯胁械褕泻邪 谢懈褔薪芯褋褌. 袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 薪械 褋褗屑 褔芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 褋械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褍胁邪 芯褋芯斜械薪芯 芯褌 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 懈 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟. 孝褍泻 懈 邪蟹 锌芯-褋泻芯褉芯 懈蟹褋谢械写胁邪屑 效芯胁械泻邪 (懈谢懈 褔芯胁械泻邪?). 袙 泻褉邪泄薪邪 褋屑械褌泻邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 械 褋褌芯褉械薪芯 芯褌 褏芯褉邪, 薪械 芯褌 懈蟹胁褗薪蟹械屑薪懈鈥�
袧械 斜褟褏 褔械谢邪/谐谢械写邪谢邪 写芯褋褌邪褌褗褔薪芯 蟹邪 谐谢械写薪邪褌邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈 芯褎懈褑械褉懈, 锌芯-褔械褋褌芯 褋褉械褖邪屑械 泻薪懈谐懈/褎懈谢屑懈 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 锌芯褋褌褉邪写邪谢懈褌械 (褋邪屑芯 薪邪褋泻芯褉芯 屑懈 褋械 斜械褕械 屑械褉薪邪谢 械写懈薪 写械褌邪泄谢 胁 写褉褍谐邪 泻薪懈谐邪 鈥� 泻邪泻 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌械褖懈褟褌鈥� 胁 泻芯薪褑谢邪谐械褉 谐械褉屑邪薪褋泻懈 芯褎懈褑械褉 褋褗褖芯 械 褔芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 褋褍褌褉懈薪 褑械谢褍胁邪 卸械薪邪 褋懈 懈 写械褌械褌芯 褋懈, 锌褉械写懈 写邪 褌褉褗谐薪械 蟹邪 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌邪鈥�).
袟邪斜械谢褟蟹邪褏, 褔械 锌褗褉胁邪褌邪 谐谢邪胁邪 褋械 薪邪褉懈褔邪 孝芯泻邪褌邪, 锌芯谐谢械写薪邪褏 锌芯-薪邪褌邪褌褗泻 懈 胁懈写褟褏, 褔械 懈 写褉褍谐懈褌械 谐谢邪胁懈 懈屑邪褌 薪邪懈屑械薪芯胁邪薪懈褟 薪邪 褔邪褋褌懈 薪邪 褋褞懈褌邪 鈥� 小邪褉邪斜邪薪写邪, 袦械薪褍械褌, 袞懈谐邪鈥� 袩芯蟹邪斜褉邪胁懈谢邪 褋褗屑 芯褋芯斜械薪芯褋褌懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 屑褍蟹懈泻邪谢薪懈 褎芯褉屑懈, 薪芯 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 锌芯写褔械褉褌邪胁邪褌 懈 邪褎懈薪懈褌械褌邪 薪邪 胁褗锌褉芯褋薪懈褟 械褋械褋芯胁械褑 泻褗屑 屑褍蟹懈泻邪褌邪, 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 泻褗屑 懈蟹泻褍褋褌胁邪褌邪. 袙褗胁 褎懈谢屑懈 懈 泻薪懈谐懈 褋屑械 胁懈卸写邪谢懈, 褔械 锌芯胁械褔械褌芯 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈 屑薪芯谐芯 褏邪褉械褋胁邪褌 泻谢邪褋懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 屑褍蟹懈泻邪. 袟邪褖芯 褋褗屑 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁褟谢邪 锌芯谐褉械褕薪芯, 褔械 褌褟 械 蟹邪锌邪蟹械薪懈 蟹邪 鈥炐惭娦沸残秆埿敌叫糕€� 褏芯褉邪 懈蟹胁褗薪 褌邪蟹懈 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟?! 袗 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈褟褌 芯褎懈褑械褉 胁 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 褋械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褍胁邪 芯褌 屑褍蟹懈泻邪, 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟.
袨褋芯斜械薪芯 懈薪褌械褉械褋薪芯 (锌褉芯褌懈胁薪芯) 械 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残靶残靶叫笛傂锯€� 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 懈 啸芯谢芯泻芯褋褌邪, 褌芯胁邪 芯斜芯褋薪芯胁邪胁邪薪械 械 芯褖械 锌芯-芯褌褔邪泄胁邪褖芯 蟹邪 屑械薪. 效褍写芯胁懈褖薪芯褋褌 斜械蟹 屑芯蟹褗泻 懈谢懈 褔褍写芯胁懈褖薪芯褋褌 褋 屑芯蟹褗泻. 袣芯械 械 蟹邪 锌褉械写锌芯褔懈褌邪薪械? 袗泻芯 懈蟹芯斜褖芯... 袠 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 蟹胁褍褔懈 锌芯褔褌懈 懈薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢薪芯, 胁 薪懈泻邪泻褗胁 褋谢褍褔邪泄 锌褗褉胁懈褔薪芯-卸懈胁芯褌懈薪褋泻芯. 鈥炐椥靶敌葱叫� 褋 孝芯屑邪褋 懈 写-褉 肖褉邪泄, 斜懈胁褕 褋谢褍卸懈褌械谢 薪邪 SD, 锌褉械屑懈薪邪谢 泻邪褌芯 孝芯屑邪褋 胁 Staatspolizei, 斜褟褏 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢 写邪 褉邪蟹懈褋泻胁邪屑 懈薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢薪懈褌械 泻芯褉械薪懈 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪.鈥�
袙 薪邪褔邪谢芯褌芯 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 胁薪懈屑邪薪懈械褌芯 屑懈 锌褉懈胁谢懈褔邪褏邪 芯褌写械谢薪懈 写褍屑懈褔泻懈: 鈥炐叫敌窖冃缎叫� 械胁褉械泄褋泻懈 卸械薪懈 懈 褌械褏薪懈褌械 写械褑邪鈥�??! 小褗褖芯 褌邪泻邪: 鈥炐感沸貉冄佈傂残锯€�, 鈥溞感逞€邪褔泻邪鈥�, 鈥炐敌恍敌承靶窖傂叫锯€�. 袣邪泻胁懈 褏褍斜邪胁懈 谢褞斜懈屑懈 写褍屑懈. 袗 械褌芯 泻邪泻 褋邪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪薪懈: 鈥炩€π残拘敌叫叫狙傂� 懈蟹泻褍褋褌胁芯鈥�; 鈥炐撔靶费娧�, 芯斜褟褋薪懈 褌芯泄, 械 锌芯-械谢械谐邪薪褌薪芯 褋褉械写褋褌胁芯.鈥�; 鈥炐椥把傂残狙€械薪懈褟褌 褏械褉屑械褌懈褔械褋泻懈 泻邪屑懈芯薪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪褕械 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 褋懈 芯褌褉邪斜芯褌械薪懈 谐邪蟹芯胁械, 蟹邪 写邪 蟹邪写褍褕懈 薪邪屑懈褉邪褖懈褌械 褋械 胁褗褌褉械 褏芯褉邪; 写械泄褋褌胁懈褌械谢薪芯, 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 褉械褕械薪懈械 薪械 屑褍 谢懈锌褋胁邪褕械 薪懈褌芯 械谢械谐邪薪褌薪芯褋褌, 薪懈褌芯 懈泻芯薪芯屑懈褔薪芯褋褌.鈥�; 蟹邪 胁褗锌褉芯褋薪懈褟 谐邪蟹芯胁 泻邪屑懈芯薪: 鈥炐懶恍拘毙敌� 斜械 胁褗芯写褍褕械胁械薪: 薪芯胁邪褌邪 懈谐褉邪褔泻邪 屑褍 褏邪褉械褋胁邪褕械, 薪褟屑邪褕械 褌褗褉锌械薪懈械 写邪 褟 懈蟹锌懈褌邪.鈥� 袨褖械: 鈥炑佇啃笛喰感靶恍叫� 芯斜褉邪斜芯褌泻邪鈥� (褍屑褗褉褌胁褟胁邪薪械褌芯, 褌.械. 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁邪褌邪 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械) 鈥� 懈 薪械 屑懈褋谢褟, 褔械 褌芯蟹懈 懈蟹褉邪蟹 褋械 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 褌芯胁邪 械 斜懈谢芯 谐芯谢褟屑邪 褌邪泄薪邪, 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌邪泻邪 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 褌芯胁邪 写械褟薪懈械 薪邪 袧小 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌懈褔械薪 械蟹懈泻鈥� 袟邪 薪芯胁邪 褉邪蟹薪芯胁懈写薪芯褋褌 薪邪 谐邪蟹 蟹邪 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁邪褌邪 褋械 泻邪蟹胁邪 鈥炐溞叫拘承� 写芯斜褉械 褉邪斜芯褌懈.鈥� 袨斜械泻褌懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 写械褟薪懈褟 褋械 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 褋 写褍屑懈褌械 鈥炐狙佈娦葱敌叫糕€� 懈 鈥炐啃把喰感敌窖傂糕€�. 袠 写胁械褌械 褋邪 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈!
袛芯褉懈 芯褎懈褑械褉 袗褍械 蟹邪斜械谢褟蟹胁邪, 褔械 褔褉械蟹 b眉rokratisches Amtsdeutsch 褋械 懈蟹斜褟谐胁邪 谢懈褔薪邪褌邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪芯褋褌 鈥� 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪 褋械 锌邪褋懈胁薪邪 褎芯褉屑邪, 薪械 械 褟褋薪芯 泻芯泄 械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢褟褌: 鈥炐毙� 褉械褕械薪芯鈥�, 鈥炐敌惭€械懈褌械 斜褟褏邪 锌芯写谢芯卸械薪懈 薪邪 褋锌械褑懈邪谢薪懈 屑械褉泻懈鈥溾€�
袠薪褌械褉械褋薪芯 屑懈 斜械褕械 懈 褉械褕械薪懈械褌芯 屑薪芯谐芯 鈥炑佇啃笛喰感靶恍感沸秆€邪薪懈鈥� 写褍屑懈 芯褌 械蟹懈泻邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褑懈褟 写邪 褋械 芯褋褌邪胁褟褌 薪邪 薪械屑褋泻懈, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 褋械 蟹邪褔褍写懈褏 锌芯褋褌懈谐邪 谢懈 褋械 卸械谢邪薪懈褟褌 械褎械泻褌 锌褉懈 褌械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 薪械 蟹薪邪褟褌 薪械屑褋泻懈. 小锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪芯 写芯锌褉懈薪邪褋褟褌 蟹邪 褍褋械褖邪薪械 薪邪 写褍褏邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 懈 褑褟谢邪褌邪 屑褍 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟. 袝褌芯 薪褟泻芯懈 芯褌 鈥炑傂残狙€械薪懈褟褌邪鈥� 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟 鈥� Rasenschande (褉邪褋芯胁芯 o屑褗褉褋褟胁邪薪械), Entdeutschung (写械谐械褉屑邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟), Endl枚sung (芯泻芯薪褔邪褌械谢薪芯 褉械褕械薪懈械) 懈 褌.薪.
袧邪 薪械屑邪谢泻芯 屑械褋褌邪 胁 锌褗褉胁懈褌械 褔邪褋褌懈 懈屑邪 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈褟 薪邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪褌邪, 屑械褋褌薪芯褌芯 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械, 褋械谢邪, 谐邪褉懈 鈥� 薪邪胁褋褟泻褗写械 懈蟹 薪械芯斜褟褌薪懈褌械 袩芯谢褕邪, 校泻褉邪泄薪邪, 袣邪胁泻邪蟹. 袨褖械 械写懈薪 胁邪卸械薪 械谢械屑械薪褌 - 锌褉械蟹 50-100 褋褌褉. 懈屑邪 褋锌芯屑械薪懈 蟹邪 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯. 袨褎懈褑械褉 袗褍械 褋械 胁褉褗褖邪 泻褗屑 褌褟褏 芯褌 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁褉械屑械 薪邪褉械写 褋 褉邪蟹薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪懈褌械 褋懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟. 袧械薪邪胁懈褋褌褌邪 泻褗屑 屑邪泄泻邪褌邪 懈 邪薪褌懈-卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 褋邪 芯褌褌芯谐邪胁邪: 鈥炑佇敌承� 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 屑懈 斜褟褏邪 芯褌 写褉褍谐 锌芯褉褟写褗泻, 谐芯褉褔懈胁懈, 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈 褋 芯屑褉邪蟹邪, 褋 芯褌褋械薪泻懈 薪邪 褋褉邪屑. 袣芯谐邪 斜械 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢芯 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪? 袨褖械 芯褌 褉邪卸写邪薪械褌芯 屑懈? 袙褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯 谢懈 械 薪懈泻芯谐邪 写邪 薪械 斜褟褏 褍褋锌褟谢 写邪 泄 锌褉芯褋褌褟 屑芯械褌芯 褉邪卸写邪薪械 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 斜械蟹褍屑薪芯 邪褉芯谐邪薪褌薪芯 锌褉邪胁芯, 泻芯械褌芯 褋懈 斜械 锌褉懈褋胁芯懈谢邪?鈥� (小锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 薪械 械 褋谢褍褔邪泄薪芯, 褔械 褋锌芯屑械薪懈褌械 蟹邪 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯 薪械 褋邪 芯褌写械谢械薪懈 胁 薪芯胁 锌邪褉邪谐褉邪褎 鈥� 泻邪泻褌芯 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写邪胁邪 蟹邪 薪械褖芯 芯褌 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 袗褍械, 褌邪泻邪 懈蟹胁械写薪褗卸 褋械 胁褉褗褖邪 胁 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯, 邪 锌芯褋谢械 锌邪泻 胁薪械蟹邪锌薪芯 斜械蟹 薪芯胁 锌邪褉邪谐褉邪褎 褋械 蟹邪胁褉褗褖邪 胁褗胁 胁褉械屑械褌芯 懈 屑褟褋褌芯褌芯 薪邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪).
袛懈邪谢芯蟹懈褌械 - 屑薪芯谐芯 写芯褋褌芯胁械褉薪芯 屑懈 蟹胁褍褔邪褏邪. 袛芯斜褉械 芯褌褉邪蟹褟胁邪褌 屑邪薪懈械褉邪 薪邪 芯斜褖褍胁邪薪械 胁 褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉懈褌械 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 (薪芯 泻邪褌芯 泻薪懈谐邪-屑械屑芯邪褉 薪褟屑邪 芯斜懈褔邪泄薪邪褌邪 锌褉褟泻邪 褉械褔, 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔褗褌 谐懈 锌褉械写邪胁邪 胁 泻邪胁懈褔泻懈, 褋褗褖芯 薪褟屑邪 懈 屑薪芯谐芯 薪芯胁懈 邪斜蟹邪褑懈 懈 谐谢邪胁懈, 写芯褋褌邪 屑芯薪芯褌芯薪械薪 褌械泻褋褌 鈥� 写芯褉懈 褔懈褋褌芯 胁懈蟹褍邪谢薪芯.)
校薪懈泻邪谢薪芯 懈蟹谐褉邪写械薪 芯斜褉邪蟹 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 - 袦邪泻褋懈屑懈谢懈邪薪 袗褍械. 袦薪芯谐芯 械 薪邪褔械褌械薪 懈 懈薪褌械谢懈谐械薪褌械薪, 屑薪芯谐芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈, 谢懈薪谐胁懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 懈 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈 懈蟹褋谢械写胁邪薪懈褟 褋邪 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁械薪懈 褔褉械蟹 薪械谐芯 懈谢懈 褔褉械蟹 写褉褍谐懈 谐械褉芯懈. 袧芯 薪械褉胁懈褌械 屑褍 褋邪 写芯褋褌邪 薪械褋褌邪斜懈谢薪懈. 袣芯谐邪褌芯 械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪, 泻芯谐邪褌芯 薪械 械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪; 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯 褋懈, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褉邪卸写邪薪械褌芯 褋懈 (鈥溞⒀€褟斜胁邪 写邪 褋械 褉邪写胁邪褕, 褔械 褋懈 卸懈胁. - 袛邪 褋械 褉邪写胁邪屑, 褔械 褋褗屑 卸懈胁? 小褌褉褍胁邪褕械 屑懈 褋械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 薪械褍屑械褋褌薪芯, 泻邪泻褌芯 褔械 褋褗屑 褋械 褉芯写懈谢.鈥�) 袗 褋褌褉邪薪薪邪褌邪 屑褍 懈 褍锌芯褉懈褌邪 鈥炐谎幮毙拘测€� 鈥� 褔褍写械褏 褋械 写邪谢懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 芯蟹薪邪褔邪胁邪, 褔械 袦邪泻褋 褋械 褋褔懈褌邪 蟹邪 薪械褋锌芯褋芯斜械薪 写邪 芯斜懈褔邪 懈谢懈 写邪 斜褗写械 芯斜懈褔邪薪 芯褌 写褉褍谐, 褋褌懈谐邪 屑褍 写邪 褋懈 懈屑邪 谐邪褉邪薪褌懈褉邪薪邪褌邪 谢褞斜芯胁 薪邪 褌邪蟹懈 卸械薪邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 芯褋褌邪胁邪 褋邪屑芯 胁 薪械谐芯胁邪褌邪 谐谢邪胁邪鈥�
O褋胁械薪 屑邪褋芯胁芯褌芯 懈蟹褌褉械斜胁邪薪械 褔械褋褌芯 褋械 锌芯泻邪蟹胁邪褌 锌褉械写褋屑褗褉褌薪懈褌械 褋褌褉邪写邪薪懈褟 薪邪 械写懈薪懈褔薪懈 鈥炑佇谎冄囆靶剐叫糕€� 褏芯褉邪 鈥� 袦邪泻褋 袗褍械 锌芯锌邪写邪 薪邪 褌褟褏 懈 屑褍 械 褌械卸泻芯, 薪械 褌褗褉锌懈 写邪 谐谢械写邪鈥� 小褌褉褍胁邪 屑懈 褋械, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 薪械 褋械 写褗谢卸懈 薪邪 写褗谢斜芯泻邪 褏褍屑邪薪薪芯褋褌 - 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褋懈 械 谐薪褍褋谢懈胁 褔芯胁械泻褗褌, 懈屑邪 褋懈 薪褟泻邪泻胁懈 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪薪懈褟 蟹邪 褋锌褉邪胁械写谢懈胁芯褋褌 懈 褔芯胁械褔薪芯褋褌, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 懈薪邪褔械 褋褗褖芯 械 褋锌芯褋芯斜械薪 薪邪 薪邪泄-谐薪褍褋薪懈 屑懈褋谢懈 懈 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟.
袟邪锌芯屑薪褟褖 褋械 械 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁械薪懈褟褌 褉邪蟹谐芯胁芯褉 屑械卸写褍 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈褟 芯褎懈褑械褉 懈 泻芯屑褍薪懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈褟 鈥炐啃拘恍秆傃€褍泻鈥�. 袧邪褑懈蟹褗屑 鈮� 泻芯屑褍薪懈蟹褗屑?!
袧芯胁芯褌芯 蟹邪 屑械薪 胁 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 (胁褗锌褉械泻懈 褋屑褉邪蟹褟胁邪褖懈褌械 褍卸邪褋懈 胁 薪械褟 - 械写胁邪 谢懈 懈屑邪 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 写邪 薪械 褋屑械 褔械谢懈/谐谢械写邪谢懈 (懈谢懈 锌褉械写锌芯谢邪谐邪谢懈), 褔械 褋械 械 褋谢褍褔胁邪谢芯 锌芯 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 懈 胁 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉邪褑懈芯薪薪懈褌械 谢邪谐械褉懈) - 褌褍泻 胁褋懈褔泻芯 械 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残靶叫锯€�. 小懈谐褍褉薪芯 懈屑邪 写芯褋褌邪 褔懈褋褌芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 泻薪懈谐懈 褋 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 芯锌懈褌懈 蟹邪 褉邪蟹泻褉懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 锌褉懈褔懈薪懈褌械, 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 懈 薪邪 褋邪屑懈褌械 锌褉芯褑械褋懈 褋褉械褖褍 胁芯械薪薪芯锌褉械褋褌褗锌薪懈褑懈褌械 褋谢械写 1945 谐. 褋邪 褔褍胁邪薪懈 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈褟. 袧芯 邪蟹 蟹邪 锌褗褉胁懈 锌褗褌 褋械 褋褉锟斤拷褖邪屑 褋 褌褟褏. 效褍胁邪谢邪 褋褗屑 褋邪屑芯, 褔械 芯斜胁懈薪褟械屑懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 锌褉芯褑械褋懈 懈褋泻褉械薪芯 褋邪 薪械写芯褍屑褟胁邪谢懈 褋 泻邪泻胁芯 褋邪 锌褉械谐褉械褕懈谢懈 (泻邪泻褌芯 懈 锌芯-泻褗褋薪芯 锌褉懈 胁芯泄薪懈褌械 胁 斜懈胁褕邪 挟谐芯褋谢邪胁懈褟).
袝褌芯 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉 褔邪褋褌懈褔泻邪 芯褌 锌褗蟹械谢邪 薪邪 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残盒把傂扳€�: 袠 褌.薪. 懈 褌.薪. 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟 芯褌 锌芯 屑薪芯谐芯 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 薪邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 褌械屑懈, 胁泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 懈 泻芯薪泻褉械褌薪芯 蟹邪 邪薪褌懈褋械屑懈褌懈蟹屑邪 (邪 懈 蟹邪 褉褍褋薪邪褑懈褌械 鈥� 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 鈥炑€邪胁薪芯褋褌芯泄薪懈鈥�; 褋邪屑芯 蟹邪 锌芯谢褟褑懈褌械 薪械 屑懈 褋褌邪薪邪 屑薪芯谐芯 褟褋薪芯 鈥� 芯褋胁械薪 屑芯卸械 斜懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 薪械褍写芯斜薪芯褌芯 褋褗褋械写褋褌胁芯 懈 谐芯谢褟屑邪 褔懈褋谢械薪芯褋褌, 蟹邪褖芯 褋邪 褋褔懈褌邪薪懈 蟹邪 鈥炐叫敌窖冃缎叫糕€�). 袠屑邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋谢懈 懈 蟹邪 袘芯谐, 蟹邪 袛芯斜褉芯 懈 袟谢芯, 邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈 薪邪 褉械谢懈谐懈懈, 薪邪褑懈懈, 锌褉械谐谢械写 薪邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈懈鈥� 袦薪芯谐芯 褍写芯斜薪芯 锌褉械褏胁褗褉谢褟薪械 薪邪 锌褗谢薪邪褌邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪芯褋褌 胁褗褉褏褍 袟邪泻芯薪邪. 袙褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 蟹胁褍褔懈 褍斜械写懈褌械谢薪芯 胁 薪褟泻芯懈 邪褋锌械泻褌懈, 薪芯 蟹邪 屑械薪 胁 泻褉邪泄薪邪 褋屑械褌泻邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褋械 褋胁械卸写邪 写芯 械写薪芯: 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋懈 鈥炑傂秆€邪薪懈褔械薪鈥�, 褋褌懈褋薪邪褌, 械谐芯懈褋褌懈褔械薪, 褋褍械褌械薪 - 泻邪泻胁芯褌芯 懈 写邪 械, 褍卸 鈥炐恍狙埿锯€� - 薪芯 褌芯胁邪 薪械 褋械 锌褉懈褉邪胁薪褟胁邪 薪邪 芯褌薪械屑邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 卸懈胁芯褌鈥� 胁 泻邪泻胁懈褌芯 懈 写邪 械 屑邪褖邪斜懈鈥�
袧械 褋褗屑 褋泻谢芯薪薪邪 写邪 写械谢褟 褏芯褉邪褌邪 薪邪 屑褗卸械 懈 卸械薪懈 (泻邪褌芯 校懈谢懈邪屑 校芯褉褌褗薪 懈褋泻邪屑 写邪 屑懈褋谢褟 蟹邪 褌褟褏 泻邪褌芯 蟹邪 斜谢懈蟹薪邪褑懈) 懈 薪械 褋械 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪屑 胁 锌芯锌褍谢褟褉薪芯褌芯 鈥� 屑褗卸械褌械 褋邪 褌邪泻懈胁邪鈥︹€�, 鈥炐缎敌叫秆傂� 褋邪 芯薪邪泻懈胁邪鈥︹€�. 小械谐邪 褋 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 蟹邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 薪械 屑芯谐邪 写邪 薪械 褋懈 屑懈褋谢褟 谐薪械胁薪芯 蟹邪 屑褗卸械褌械 (屑芯卸械 写邪 懈屑邪 泻芯薪褌褉邪褌械蟹邪 鈥� 泻褗写械 褋邪 斜懈谢懈 卸械薪懈褌械, 薪懈泻邪泻胁邪 褉芯谢褟 谢懈 褋邪 薪褟屑邪谢懈). 孝褗泻屑芯 褋懈 蟹邪写邪胁邪褏 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 蟹邪 鈥炐拘毙感盒叫拘残敌叫秆傂碘€� 谐械褉屑邪薪褑懈 (锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 卸械薪懈褌械 懈 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 泻芯懈褌芯 薪械 褍褔邪褋褌胁邪褌 锌褉褟泻芯 胁褗胁 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪) 鈥� 泻褗写械 褋邪 斜懈谢懈, 泻邪泻胁芯 褋邪 屑懈褋谢械谢懈, 懈屑邪褌 谢懈 锌褉褗褋褌 胁 褑褟谢邪褌邪 褉邪斜芯褌邪 鈥� 懈 袥懈褌械谢 蟹邪褋械谐薪邪 懈 褌邪蟹懈 褌械屑邪. 小邪屑 袗褍械 褋褗褖芯 谐芯 泻邪蟹胁邪 鈥� 蟹邪 写邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔懈 屑褗卸械褌械 芯褌 卸械薪懈褌械, 袘芯谐 械 写邪谢 薪邪 屑褗卸械褌械 锌褉芯褋褌邪褌邪褌邪 懈 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪鈥� (蟹邪 锌褉芯褋褌邪褌邪褌邪 鈥� 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 褏芯屑芯褋械泻褋褍邪谢懈蟹屑邪). 袠 写芯泻邪褌芯 蟹邪 褏芯屑芯褋械泻褋褍邪谢懈褋褌懈褌械 薪懈泻芯谐邪 薪械 屑懈 械 懈写胁邪谢芯 芯褌胁褗褌褉械 写邪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪屑 芯薪械蟹懈 芯斜懈写薪懈 写褍屑懈褔泻懈 懈 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 写邪 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪屑 懈 泻邪锌泻邪 薪械锌褉懈褟蟹褗薪, 蟹邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 斜懈褏 泻邪蟹邪谢邪 鈥炐バ敌�, 屑芯屑褔械褌邪 鈥� 褋 屑邪谢泻懈褌械 懈 谐芯谢械屑懈褌械 胁芯泄薪懈!!!鈥� 效褍胁邪谢邪 褋褗屑 懈 薪械褖芯 芯褌 褉芯写邪, 褔械 胁芯泄薪懈褌械 斜懈谢懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 卸械薪懈. 袨斜邪褔械 胁 斜谢懈蟹泻懈褌械 胁械泻芯胁械 褌芯蟹懈 鈥炑€芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹褗屑鈥� 薪邪 写褉械胁薪芯褋褌褌邪 屑邪泄 谢懈锌褋胁邪.
袨褌薪芯褋薪芯 鈥渞eductio ad absurdum鈥� 薪邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 胁 袗褍褕胁懈褑 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 褋褟泻邪褕 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 械 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 褋邪屑懈褟 袗褍械 蟹邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 - 薪械薪褍卸薪芯褋褌. 袩褉懈 褌邪蟹懈 薪械谐芯胁邪 懈蟹薪邪褔邪谢薪邪 薪械薪邪胁懈褋褌 泻褗屑 卸懈胁芯褌邪 懈 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋械 蟹邪锌懈褌邪褏 泻邪泻胁邪 械 鈥炐夹狙傂感残把喰秆徰傂扳€� 薪邪 褏芯褉邪 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯 懈 芯褌泻褗写械 褌芯泄 薪邪屑懈褉邪褕械 胁芯谢褟 写邪 写褉邪锌邪 薪邪锌褉械写. 袟邪 泻芯谢械谐懈褌械 屑褍 褋 锌芯-谐芯谢褟屑邪 鈥炐缎感沸叫敌叫狙佈傗€� (锌芯薪械 锌褉懈胁懈写薪邪) 屑懈 斜械褕械 锌芯-芯斜褟褋薪懈屑芯 泻邪泻 写械泄褋褌胁邪褌 褋 械薪褌褍褋懈邪蟹褗屑 懈 褍褋褌褉械屑械薪芯褋褌.
小谢械写 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪芯 锌褉械泻褗褋胁邪薪械 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 (蟹邪 写邪 薪械 褟 薪芯褋褟 薪邪 械泻褋泻褍褉蟹懈褟) 锌褗褉胁懈褌械 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 屑械 褌褉械褋薪邪褏邪 褋 褑懈褎褉懈 鈥� 褋褟泻邪褕 褋械 斜褉芯械褕械 懈 鈥炑佇敌恍敌貉喰感拘叫秆€邪褕械鈥� 褋褌芯泻邪, 邪 薪械 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 褋褗褖械褋褌胁邪. 袘褉芯泄泻懈, 锌褉芯褑械薪褌懈 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 褋邪 褏芯褉邪褌邪 芯褌 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械. 袩褉芯懈蟹胁芯写懈褌械谢薪芯褋褌 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 械 胁懈褋褕邪褌邪 褑械谢. 小 芯谐褉芯屑薪芯 褍褋褗褉写懈械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕胁邪褌 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌邪褌邪鈥� 褋懈 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪懈褌械 蟹邪 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 芯褎懈褑械褉懈.
袥褞斜芯锌懈褌薪芯 斜械褕械 蟹邪屑械褋褌胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 屑邪褋芯胁懈褌械 械泻蟹械泻褍褑懈懈 褋 谢邪谐械褉懈 (褋 鈥炑囆秆佈傂秆傂碘€� 谐邪蟹芯胁懈 泻邪屑械褉懈) 鈥� 芯褋胁械薪 懈泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 褑械谢, 胁邪卸薪芯 械 斜懈谢芯 锌褋懈褏懈褔薪芯褌芯 蟹写褉邪胁械 薪邪 锌褉械泻懈褌械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢懈 薪邪 屑邪褋芯胁懈褌械 褉邪蟹褋褌褉械谢懈 (芯蟹胁械褉褟胁邪褌 胁褋械 锌芯胁械褔械, 褋褉械褖邪褌 褋械 褋邪写懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 懈蟹斜谢懈褑懈, 褋械泻褋褍邪谢薪懈 褋屑褍褖械薪懈褟 懈 褌.薪.), 蟹邪褌芯胁邪 褋邪 褋械 锌芯谐褉懈卸懈谢懈 蟹邪 褌褟褏鈥�
小邪写懈蟹屑褗褌 薪邪 懈薪写懈胁懈写褍邪谢薪芯 薪懈胁芯 褋械 芯斜褋褗卸写邪, 薪芯 褑褟谢芯褋褌薪芯褌芯 懈蟹斜懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 (鈥濫ndl枚sung鈥�) 薪械 褉邪蟹谐谢械卸写邪褌 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 褏褍屑邪薪薪芯褋褌褌邪 械褋械褋芯胁褑懈褌械 (械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪芯 胁 锌芯-褋褌褉邪褌械谐懈褔械褋泻芯 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈械 械 懈屑邪谢芯 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 屑薪械薪懈褟 锌芯 褌芯蟹懈 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 薪芯 薪械 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褋邪屑懈褌械 械胁褉械懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 邪 芯褌薪芯胁芯 懈蟹褑褟谢芯 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 懈薪褌械褉械褋邪 薪邪 孝褉械褌懈褟 袪邪泄褏).
袨褋胁械薪 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 薪邪 芯褎懈褑械褉懈 芯褌 芯斜泻褉褗卸械薪懈械褌芯 屑褍 褋褗褖芯 屑懈 斜褟褏邪 谢褞斜芯锌懈褌薪懈 鈥� 褌邪泻邪 褋械 锌芯谢褍褔邪胁邪 芯褖械 锌芯-褑褟谢芯褋褌薪邪 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪 薪邪 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈蟹屑邪 懈 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟褌邪 薪邪 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟 锌芯 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪. 袪邪蟹斜褉邪褏, 褔械 械 斜懈谢芯 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑芯 写邪 锌芯蟹薪邪胁邪屑 懈 袩褗褉胁邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪, 锌褉械写懈 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪屑 写邪 褋谐谢芯斜褟 褑褟谢芯褋褌薪邪褌邪 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪 薪邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪. 袠 邪泻芯 屑芯卸邪褏 写邪 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁褟 鈥炐狙佇叫拘残靶叫秆徰傂扳€� 懈 胁褟褉胁邪薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 胁懈褋褕懈褟 械褕邪谢芯薪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟, 胁褋械 芯褖械 屑懈 械 褌褉褍写薪芯 写邪 锌褉芯褍屑械褟 屑邪褖邪斜邪 薪邪 胁褗谢薪邪褌邪 芯褌 锌芯褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢懈.
袛褉褍谐 鈥炐承笛€芯泄鈥� (谐褉褍锌械薪褎褞褉械褉 袦褞谢械褉) 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写邪胁邪 谐谢芯斜邪谢薪芯 懈 褋 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁邪. 小邪屑懈褟褌 袗褍械 写芯褉懈 褍斜械写械薪芯 蟹邪褟胁褟胁邪 (蟹邪 褋胁芯泄 泻芯谢械谐邪 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 械胁邪泻褍懈褉邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械): 鈥炐⑿拘� 薪械 斜械褕械 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪, 胁褋懈褔泻懈 斜褟褏邪 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯, 懈 邪蟹 斜褟褏 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯, 懈 胁懈械 褋褗褖芯, 薪邪 薪械谐芯胁芯 屑褟褋褌芯 褖褟褏褌械 写邪 褋褌械 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯.鈥� 袛芯褉懈 芯斜褟褋薪褟胁邪, 褔械 懈屑邪 写褉褍谐懈 胁懈卸写邪薪懈褟 锌芯 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 蟹邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 - 褔芯胁械泻 薪邪 屑懈褋褗谢褌邪 械 褌芯泄, 薪械 械 薪褟泻芯泄 斜械蟹褍屑械薪 锌芯褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢 (薪芯 褌芯胁邪 薪械 锌褉械褔懈 薪邪 锌褗谢薪邪褌邪 屑褍 谢芯褟谢薪芯褋褌 懈 褋谢械写胁邪薪械 薪邪 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪褌邪 薪邪 肖褞褉械褉邪).
小屑邪蟹胁邪褖芯 屑懈 锌芯写械泄褋褌胁邪, 褔械 写芯褉懈 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪 褋褗卸邪谢械薪懈械 泻褗屑 鈥炐狙佈娦葱敌叫秆傂碘€� 械胁褉械懈 (薪芯 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 褌芯胁邪 薪懈泻邪泻 薪械 胁谢懈褟械 薪邪 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟褌邪 屑褍) 懈谢懈 斜懈 锌芯-褋泻芯褉芯 泻褗屑 褋械斜械 褋懈?!. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 锌芯-谢械褋薪邪 械 斜懈谢邪 写芯褋械谐邪褕薪邪褌邪 屑懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁邪 蟹邪 械褋械褋芯胁褑懈褌械 泻邪褌芯 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪懈 蟹胁械褉芯胁械?!
袣芯谐邪褌芯 薪邪斜谢懈卸懈 泻褉邪褟褌 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪, 胁 屑械薪 薪械 薪邪褋褌褗锌懈 芯斜谢械泻褔械薪懈械 鈥� 褌芯谐邪胁邪 褋械 胁懈卸写邪 薪邪泄-写芯斜褉械 褑褟谢邪褌邪 褉邪蟹褉褍褏邪 - 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢薪芯 懈 写褍褏芯胁薪芯 芯锌褍褋褌芯褕械薪懈械, 懈蟹褍屑懈褌械谢薪芯 斜械蟹褋屑懈褋谢懈械 鈥� 蟹邪 胁褋懈褔泻懈. 校卸邪褋褟胁邪褖芯 斜懈 斜懈谢芯 胁 褌芯蟹懈 屑芯屑械薪褌 (泻褉邪褟 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪) 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 褋懈 蟹邪写邪写械 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 鈥� 鈥炐椥把壭� 斜械褕械 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪?!鈥�
袧邪 褎芯薪邪 薪邪 褑械谢懈褟 褍卸邪褋 褋褗谢蟹懈 褉褟写泻芯 懈屑邪褕械, 褉械邪谐懈褉邪褏 锌芯-褋泻芯褉芯 薪邪 芯褋泻褗写薪邪褌邪 锌褉芯褟胁邪 薪邪 写芯斜褉芯 鈥� 泻芯谐邪褌芯 锌褉懈 芯褌褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 褋懈 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈褌械 懈蟹胁械卸写邪褏邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 芯褌 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 (薪械 芯褌 褏褍屑邪薪懈蟹褗屑, 邪 蟹邪 写邪 蟹邪锌邪蟹褟褌 褉邪斜芯褌薪邪 褉褗泻邪 蟹邪 蟹邪胁芯写懈褌械), 锌芯 褋械谢邪褌邪 屑械褋褌薪懈褌械 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪褏邪 写邪 懈屑 锌芯写邪写邪褌 褏谢褟斜 (褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌懈褌械 斜懈胁邪褏邪 谐褉褍斜芯 锌褉械褋懈褔邪薪懈).
袣芯懈褌芯 褋邪 褔械谢懈 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 懈 褋懈 褋锌芯屑薪褟褌 褋褌褉. 777 (写芯 泻褗屑 780), 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 褖械 褋械 褋褗谐谢邪褋褟褌, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 械 械写懈薪 芯褌 薪邪泄-锌芯褌褉械褋邪胁邪褖懈褌械 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 (斜邪薪写邪褌邪 薪邪 屑芯屑褔械褌芯 袗写邪屑). 袗泻芯 薪械 胁 褑褟谢邪褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 褌芯 褌褍泻 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 褋械 褔褍写械褏 泻邪泻 褋 褌芯蟹懈 鈥炑€械褋褍褉褋鈥� 袝胁褉芯锌邪 褋谢械写 褌芯胁邪 胁褋械 锌邪泻 械 褋褌邪薪邪谢邪 谐芯褉械-写芯谢褍 薪芯褉屑邪谢薪邪鈥� 袟邪 胁褌芯褉懈 锌褗褌 屑懈 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪 (褋谢械写 鈥炐溞靶剐盒秆傂碘€�) 写邪 芯锌褉邪胁写邪褟 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 泻褉邪泄薪邪 邪谐褉械褋懈褟 (写械褑邪?!) 泻邪褌芯 锌褉械写褍锌褉械卸写械薪懈械. 袩褉懈 褋褑械薪懈褌械 褋谢械写 777 褋懈 锌芯蟹胁芯谢懈褏 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈褟 胁褗锌褉芯褋 鈥炐澭冃缎叫� 谢懈 械 斜懈谢邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪鈥� 懈 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈褟 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉 鈥� 屑芯卸械 斜懈 械 斜懈谢芯 薪褍卸薪芯 写邪 褋械 褋褌懈谐薪械 写芯 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 泻褉邪泄薪芯褋褌懈, 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写械 褋谢械写 褌芯胁邪 袝胁褉芯锌邪 写褉褍谐邪 鈥� 写芯褉懈 懈 褋 褌芯胁邪 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈械, 泻芯械褌芯 斜械褕械 芯锌懈褋邪薪芯 (袗写邪屑 & co). 袛芯泻邪褌芯 褑褟谢邪褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 屑懈 褋械 褋褌褉褍胁邪褕械 褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔薪邪, 褌械蟹懈 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 褋懈 斜褟褏邪 薪邪锌褉邪胁芯 褋褞褉褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 (锌芯写芯斜薪芯 褍褋械褖邪薪械 懈屑邪褕械 懈 胁 鈥炐⊙€械写薪芯褖薪懈 写械褑邪鈥� 懈 鈥炐熝€邪胁械泻 懈 写褉褍谐懈 胁褉械屑械薪邪 鈥� 锌邪泻 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 胁芯泄薪懈).
袧褟屑邪 泻邪泻 写邪 泻邪卸邪 芯斜懈褔邪泄薪芯褌芯 鈥炑呅把€械褋邪 屑懈 屑薪芯谐芯鈥� 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪. 袩芯薪褟泻芯谐邪 蟹邪 泻薪懈谐懈 写芯褉懈 鈥炑佇靶夹锯€� 芯褌 600 褋褌褉. 褋褗屑 泻邪蟹胁邪谢邪, 褔械 斜懈 斜懈谢芯 写芯斜褉械 写邪 褋邪 锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 300-400. 袟邪 褌芯蟹懈 褉芯屑邪薪 芯褌 芯泻芯谢芯 (褉械邪谢薪芯 鈥� 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写褉械斜薪懈褟 褕褉懈褎褌) 1000 褋褌褉. 薪褟屑邪褏 褔褍胁褋褌胁芯褌芯, 褔械 薪械褖芯 械 懈蟹谢懈褕薪芯, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 薪褟泻芯懈 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 屑懈薪邪胁邪褏 锌芯-斜褗褉蟹芯. 袠蟹芯斜懈谢薪芯褌芯 锌褉懈褋褗褋褌胁懈械 薪邪 胁褋褟泻邪泻胁懈 褎懈蟹懈芯谢芯谐懈褔薪懈 薪褍卸写懈 褋锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 薪械 械 褋邪屑芯褑械谢薪芯 懈谢懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 蟹邪 写邪 懈蟹谐谢械卸写邪 锌芯-谐邪写薪芯 胁褋懈褔泻芯, 屑芯卸械 斜懈 芯褋薪芯胁薪邪 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪.
袩芯-谐薪褍褋薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 褋褗屑 褔械谢邪, 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 薪械 褔械褌邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 谐薪褍褋薪懈 泻薪懈谐懈, 薪芯 褌褍泻 褌芯胁邪 懈屑邪 写褉褍谐 褋屑懈褋褗谢. 小懈谐褍褉薪芯 薪褟屑邪 写褉褍谐邪 锌芯写芯斜薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 斜懈褏 锌褉芯褔械谢邪 鈥� 写褉褍谐 胁泻褍褋 懈屑邪屑, 写褉褍谐邪 褔褍胁褋褌胁懈褌械谢薪芯褋褌. 袧芯 屑懈 斜械褕械 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑邪. 袩芯褔褌懈 薪械 褋褗屑 懈屑邪谢邪 泻芯谢械斜邪薪懈褟 写邪谢懈 写邪 褟 芯褋褌邪胁褟. 袙褋械 锌邪泻 薪械 褟 褔械褌芯褏 褋 薪邪锌褗谢薪芯 芯褌胁芯褉械薪芯 褋褗蟹薪邪薪懈械, 褉械褕懈褏 写邪 鈥炐垦冄佇叫� 蟹邪胁械褋邪褌邪鈥� 屑邪谢泻芯 懈 写邪 薪械 褋械 胁卸懈胁褟胁邪屑 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 胁 卸械褋褌芯泻芯褋褌懈褌械, 懈蟹胁褉邪褖械薪懈褟褌邪.
袗胁褌芯褉褗褌 屑懈 褋械 褋褌芯褉懈 懈蟹薪械薪邪写胁邪褖芯 屑谢邪写 蟹邪 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 谐褉邪薪写懈芯蟹薪芯 锌褉芯懈蟹胁械写械薪懈械. 小褟泻邪褕 袥懈褌械谢 械 锌褉懈褋褗褋褌胁邪谢, 斜懈谢 械 锌褉褟泻 褋胁懈写械褌械谢. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 械 鈥炐承拘谎徯夹� 谐谢邪胁邪鈥�? :) (褋褗芯褌胁械褌薪芯 褌褉褍写褗褌 薪邪 锌褉械胁芯写邪褔邪 械 泻褗褉褌芯胁褋泻懈). 袙褗蟹锌褉懈械屑邪屑 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 薪械 泻邪泻褌芯 鈥炐拘毙感盒叫拘残敌叫把傂扳€� 褏褍写芯卸械褋褌胁械薪邪 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪, 邪 泻邪褌芯 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈胁薪芯-邪薪邪谢懈褌懈褔薪邪 褌胁芯褉斜邪. 袟邪 屑械薪 胁邪卸薪邪 写褍屑懈褔泻邪 芯褌 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 斜械褕械 鈥炐毙敌费佇感恍感碘€�. 袧芯 懈蟹薪械薪邪写胁邪褖芯 薪械 褋械 芯褌褔邪褟褏 芯褌 褋褗褖薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻懈褟 褉芯写 懈 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁邪褌邪 蟹邪 薪械谐芯胁芯褌芯 斜褗写械褖械. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉械薪懈械 薪械 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪, 邪 薪邪 褋谢械写胁邪褖懈褌械 写械褋械褌懈谢械褌懈褟 胁 袝胁褉芯锌邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 懈 薪械 褋褗胁褋械屑 斜械蟹芯斜谢邪褔薪懈鈥�
袧械 斜褟褏 褔械谢邪/谐谢械写邪谢邪 写芯褋褌邪褌褗褔薪芯 蟹邪 谐谢械写薪邪褌邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈 芯褎懈褑械褉懈, 锌芯-褔械褋褌芯 褋褉械褖邪屑械 泻薪懈谐懈/褎懈谢屑懈 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 锌芯褋褌褉邪写邪谢懈褌械 (褋邪屑芯 薪邪褋泻芯褉芯 屑懈 褋械 斜械褕械 屑械褉薪邪谢 械写懈薪 写械褌邪泄谢 胁 写褉褍谐邪 泻薪懈谐邪 鈥� 泻邪泻 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌械褖懈褟褌鈥� 胁 泻芯薪褑谢邪谐械褉 谐械褉屑邪薪褋泻懈 芯褎懈褑械褉 褋褗褖芯 械 褔芯胁械泻, 泻芯泄褌芯 褋褍褌褉懈薪 褑械谢褍胁邪 卸械薪邪 褋懈 懈 写械褌械褌芯 褋懈, 锌褉械写懈 写邪 褌褉褗谐薪械 蟹邪 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌邪鈥�).
袟邪斜械谢褟蟹邪褏, 褔械 锌褗褉胁邪褌邪 谐谢邪胁邪 褋械 薪邪褉懈褔邪 孝芯泻邪褌邪, 锌芯谐谢械写薪邪褏 锌芯-薪邪褌邪褌褗泻 懈 胁懈写褟褏, 褔械 懈 写褉褍谐懈褌械 谐谢邪胁懈 懈屑邪褌 薪邪懈屑械薪芯胁邪薪懈褟 薪邪 褔邪褋褌懈 薪邪 褋褞懈褌邪 鈥� 小邪褉邪斜邪薪写邪, 袦械薪褍械褌, 袞懈谐邪鈥� 袩芯蟹邪斜褉邪胁懈谢邪 褋褗屑 芯褋芯斜械薪芯褋褌懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 屑褍蟹懈泻邪谢薪懈 褎芯褉屑懈, 薪芯 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 锌芯写褔械褉褌邪胁邪褌 懈 邪褎懈薪懈褌械褌邪 薪邪 胁褗锌褉芯褋薪懈褟 械褋械褋芯胁械褑 泻褗屑 屑褍蟹懈泻邪褌邪, 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 泻褗屑 懈蟹泻褍褋褌胁邪褌邪. 袙褗胁 褎懈谢屑懈 懈 泻薪懈谐懈 褋屑械 胁懈卸写邪谢懈, 褔械 锌芯胁械褔械褌芯 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈 屑薪芯谐芯 褏邪褉械褋胁邪褌 泻谢邪褋懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 屑褍蟹懈泻邪. 袟邪褖芯 褋褗屑 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁褟谢邪 锌芯谐褉械褕薪芯, 褔械 褌褟 械 蟹邪锌邪蟹械薪懈 蟹邪 鈥炐惭娦沸残秆埿敌叫糕€� 褏芯褉邪 懈蟹胁褗薪 褌邪蟹懈 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟?! 袗 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈褟褌 芯褎懈褑械褉 胁 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 褋械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褍胁邪 芯褌 屑褍蟹懈泻邪, 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟.
袨褋芯斜械薪芯 懈薪褌械褉械褋薪芯 (锌褉芯褌懈胁薪芯) 械 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残靶残靶叫笛傂锯€� 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 懈 啸芯谢芯泻芯褋褌邪, 褌芯胁邪 芯斜芯褋薪芯胁邪胁邪薪械 械 芯褖械 锌芯-芯褌褔邪泄胁邪褖芯 蟹邪 屑械薪. 效褍写芯胁懈褖薪芯褋褌 斜械蟹 屑芯蟹褗泻 懈谢懈 褔褍写芯胁懈褖薪芯褋褌 褋 屑芯蟹褗泻. 袣芯械 械 蟹邪 锌褉械写锌芯褔懈褌邪薪械? 袗泻芯 懈蟹芯斜褖芯... 袠 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 蟹胁褍褔懈 锌芯褔褌懈 懈薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢薪芯, 胁 薪懈泻邪泻褗胁 褋谢褍褔邪泄 锌褗褉胁懈褔薪芯-卸懈胁芯褌懈薪褋泻芯. 鈥炐椥靶敌葱叫� 褋 孝芯屑邪褋 懈 写-褉 肖褉邪泄, 斜懈胁褕 褋谢褍卸懈褌械谢 薪邪 SD, 锌褉械屑懈薪邪谢 泻邪褌芯 孝芯屑邪褋 胁 Staatspolizei, 斜褟褏 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢 写邪 褉邪蟹懈褋泻胁邪屑 懈薪褌械谢械泻褌褍邪谢薪懈褌械 泻芯褉械薪懈 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪.鈥�
袙 薪邪褔邪谢芯褌芯 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 胁薪懈屑邪薪懈械褌芯 屑懈 锌褉懈胁谢懈褔邪褏邪 芯褌写械谢薪懈 写褍屑懈褔泻懈: 鈥炐叫敌窖冃缎叫� 械胁褉械泄褋泻懈 卸械薪懈 懈 褌械褏薪懈褌械 写械褑邪鈥�??! 小褗褖芯 褌邪泻邪: 鈥炐感沸貉冄佈傂残锯€�, 鈥溞感逞€邪褔泻邪鈥�, 鈥炐敌恍敌承靶窖傂叫锯€�. 袣邪泻胁懈 褏褍斜邪胁懈 谢褞斜懈屑懈 写褍屑懈. 袗 械褌芯 泻邪泻 褋邪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪薪懈: 鈥炩€π残拘敌叫叫狙傂� 懈蟹泻褍褋褌胁芯鈥�; 鈥炐撔靶费娧�, 芯斜褟褋薪懈 褌芯泄, 械 锌芯-械谢械谐邪薪褌薪芯 褋褉械写褋褌胁芯.鈥�; 鈥炐椥把傂残狙€械薪懈褟褌 褏械褉屑械褌懈褔械褋泻懈 泻邪屑懈芯薪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪褕械 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 褋懈 芯褌褉邪斜芯褌械薪懈 谐邪蟹芯胁械, 蟹邪 写邪 蟹邪写褍褕懈 薪邪屑懈褉邪褖懈褌械 褋械 胁褗褌褉械 褏芯褉邪; 写械泄褋褌胁懈褌械谢薪芯, 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 褉械褕械薪懈械 薪械 屑褍 谢懈锌褋胁邪褕械 薪懈褌芯 械谢械谐邪薪褌薪芯褋褌, 薪懈褌芯 懈泻芯薪芯屑懈褔薪芯褋褌.鈥�; 蟹邪 胁褗锌褉芯褋薪懈褟 谐邪蟹芯胁 泻邪屑懈芯薪: 鈥炐懶恍拘毙敌� 斜械 胁褗芯写褍褕械胁械薪: 薪芯胁邪褌邪 懈谐褉邪褔泻邪 屑褍 褏邪褉械褋胁邪褕械, 薪褟屑邪褕械 褌褗褉锌械薪懈械 写邪 褟 懈蟹锌懈褌邪.鈥� 袨褖械: 鈥炑佇啃笛喰感靶恍叫� 芯斜褉邪斜芯褌泻邪鈥� (褍屑褗褉褌胁褟胁邪薪械褌芯, 褌.械. 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁邪褌邪 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械) 鈥� 懈 薪械 屑懈褋谢褟, 褔械 褌芯蟹懈 懈蟹褉邪蟹 褋械 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 褌芯胁邪 械 斜懈谢芯 谐芯谢褟屑邪 褌邪泄薪邪, 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褌邪泻邪 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 褌芯胁邪 写械褟薪懈械 薪邪 袧小 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褌懈褔械薪 械蟹懈泻鈥� 袟邪 薪芯胁邪 褉邪蟹薪芯胁懈写薪芯褋褌 薪邪 谐邪蟹 蟹邪 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁邪褌邪 褋械 泻邪蟹胁邪 鈥炐溞叫拘承� 写芯斜褉械 褉邪斜芯褌懈.鈥� 袨斜械泻褌懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 写械褟薪懈褟 褋械 薪邪褉懈褔邪褌 褋 写褍屑懈褌械 鈥炐狙佈娦葱敌叫糕€� 懈 鈥炐啃把喰感敌窖傂糕€�. 袠 写胁械褌械 褋邪 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈!
袛芯褉懈 芯褎懈褑械褉 袗褍械 蟹邪斜械谢褟蟹胁邪, 褔械 褔褉械蟹 b眉rokratisches Amtsdeutsch 褋械 懈蟹斜褟谐胁邪 谢懈褔薪邪褌邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪芯褋褌 鈥� 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪 褋械 锌邪褋懈胁薪邪 褎芯褉屑邪, 薪械 械 褟褋薪芯 泻芯泄 械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢褟褌: 鈥炐毙� 褉械褕械薪芯鈥�, 鈥炐敌惭€械懈褌械 斜褟褏邪 锌芯写谢芯卸械薪懈 薪邪 褋锌械褑懈邪谢薪懈 屑械褉泻懈鈥溾€�
袠薪褌械褉械褋薪芯 屑懈 斜械褕械 懈 褉械褕械薪懈械褌芯 屑薪芯谐芯 鈥炑佇啃笛喰感靶恍感沸秆€邪薪懈鈥� 写褍屑懈 芯褌 械蟹懈泻邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 斜褞褉芯泻褉邪褑懈褟 写邪 褋械 芯褋褌邪胁褟褌 薪邪 薪械屑褋泻懈, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 褋械 蟹邪褔褍写懈褏 锌芯褋褌懈谐邪 谢懈 褋械 卸械谢邪薪懈褟褌 械褎械泻褌 锌褉懈 褌械蟹懈, 泻芯懈褌芯 薪械 蟹薪邪褟褌 薪械屑褋泻懈. 小锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪芯 写芯锌褉懈薪邪褋褟褌 蟹邪 褍褋械褖邪薪械 薪邪 写褍褏邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 懈 褑褟谢邪褌邪 屑褍 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟. 袝褌芯 薪褟泻芯懈 芯褌 鈥炑傂残狙€械薪懈褟褌邪鈥� 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟 鈥� Rasenschande (褉邪褋芯胁芯 o屑褗褉褋褟胁邪薪械), Entdeutschung (写械谐械褉屑邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟), Endl枚sung (芯泻芯薪褔邪褌械谢薪芯 褉械褕械薪懈械) 懈 褌.薪.
袧邪 薪械屑邪谢泻芯 屑械褋褌邪 胁 锌褗褉胁懈褌械 褔邪褋褌懈 懈屑邪 芯锌懈褋邪薪懈褟 薪邪 锌褉懈褉芯写邪褌邪, 屑械褋褌薪芯褌芯 薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械, 褋械谢邪, 谐邪褉懈 鈥� 薪邪胁褋褟泻褗写械 懈蟹 薪械芯斜褟褌薪懈褌械 袩芯谢褕邪, 校泻褉邪泄薪邪, 袣邪胁泻邪蟹. 袨褖械 械写懈薪 胁邪卸械薪 械谢械屑械薪褌 - 锌褉械蟹 50-100 褋褌褉. 懈屑邪 褋锌芯屑械薪懈 蟹邪 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯. 袨褎懈褑械褉 袗褍械 褋械 胁褉褗褖邪 泻褗屑 褌褟褏 芯褌 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁褉械屑械 薪邪褉械写 褋 褉邪蟹薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪懈褌械 褋懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟. 袧械薪邪胁懈褋褌褌邪 泻褗屑 屑邪泄泻邪褌邪 懈 邪薪褌懈-卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 褋邪 芯褌褌芯谐邪胁邪: 鈥炑佇敌承� 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 屑懈 斜褟褏邪 芯褌 写褉褍谐 锌芯褉褟写褗泻, 谐芯褉褔懈胁懈, 懈蟹锌褗谢薪械薪懈 褋 芯屑褉邪蟹邪, 褋 芯褌褋械薪泻懈 薪邪 褋褉邪屑. 袣芯谐邪 斜械 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢芯 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪? 袨褖械 芯褌 褉邪卸写邪薪械褌芯 屑懈? 袙褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯 谢懈 械 薪懈泻芯谐邪 写邪 薪械 斜褟褏 褍褋锌褟谢 写邪 泄 锌褉芯褋褌褟 屑芯械褌芯 褉邪卸写邪薪械 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 斜械蟹褍屑薪芯 邪褉芯谐邪薪褌薪芯 锌褉邪胁芯, 泻芯械褌芯 褋懈 斜械 锌褉懈褋胁芯懈谢邪?鈥� (小锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 薪械 械 褋谢褍褔邪泄薪芯, 褔械 褋锌芯屑械薪懈褌械 蟹邪 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯 薪械 褋邪 芯褌写械谢械薪懈 胁 薪芯胁 锌邪褉邪谐褉邪褎 鈥� 泻邪泻褌芯 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写邪胁邪 蟹邪 薪械褖芯 芯褌 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 袗褍械, 褌邪泻邪 懈蟹胁械写薪褗卸 褋械 胁褉褗褖邪 胁 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯, 邪 锌芯褋谢械 锌邪泻 胁薪械蟹邪锌薪芯 斜械蟹 薪芯胁 锌邪褉邪谐褉邪褎 褋械 蟹邪胁褉褗褖邪 胁褗胁 胁褉械屑械褌芯 懈 屑褟褋褌芯褌芯 薪邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪).
袛懈邪谢芯蟹懈褌械 - 屑薪芯谐芯 写芯褋褌芯胁械褉薪芯 屑懈 蟹胁褍褔邪褏邪. 袛芯斜褉械 芯褌褉邪蟹褟胁邪褌 屑邪薪懈械褉邪 薪邪 芯斜褖褍胁邪薪械 胁 褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉懈褌械 薪邪 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 (薪芯 泻邪褌芯 泻薪懈谐邪-屑械屑芯邪褉 薪褟屑邪 芯斜懈褔邪泄薪邪褌邪 锌褉褟泻邪 褉械褔, 褉邪蟹泻邪蟹胁邪褔褗褌 谐懈 锌褉械写邪胁邪 胁 泻邪胁懈褔泻懈, 褋褗褖芯 薪褟屑邪 懈 屑薪芯谐芯 薪芯胁懈 邪斜蟹邪褑懈 懈 谐谢邪胁懈, 写芯褋褌邪 屑芯薪芯褌芯薪械薪 褌械泻褋褌 鈥� 写芯褉懈 褔懈褋褌芯 胁懈蟹褍邪谢薪芯.)
校薪懈泻邪谢薪芯 懈蟹谐褉邪写械薪 芯斜褉邪蟹 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 - 袦邪泻褋懈屑懈谢懈邪薪 袗褍械. 袦薪芯谐芯 械 薪邪褔械褌械薪 懈 懈薪褌械谢懈谐械薪褌械薪, 屑薪芯谐芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈, 谢懈薪谐胁懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 懈 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈 懈蟹褋谢械写胁邪薪懈褟 褋邪 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁械薪懈 褔褉械蟹 薪械谐芯 懈谢懈 褔褉械蟹 写褉褍谐懈 谐械褉芯懈. 袧芯 薪械褉胁懈褌械 屑褍 褋邪 写芯褋褌邪 薪械褋褌邪斜懈谢薪懈. 袣芯谐邪褌芯 械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪, 泻芯谐邪褌芯 薪械 械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪; 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写械褌褋褌胁芯褌芯 褋懈, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褉邪卸写邪薪械褌芯 褋懈 (鈥溞⒀€褟斜胁邪 写邪 褋械 褉邪写胁邪褕, 褔械 褋懈 卸懈胁. - 袛邪 褋械 褉邪写胁邪屑, 褔械 褋褗屑 卸懈胁? 小褌褉褍胁邪褕械 屑懈 褋械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 薪械褍屑械褋褌薪芯, 泻邪泻褌芯 褔械 褋褗屑 褋械 褉芯写懈谢.鈥�) 袗 褋褌褉邪薪薪邪褌邪 屑褍 懈 褍锌芯褉懈褌邪 鈥炐谎幮毙拘测€� 鈥� 褔褍写械褏 褋械 写邪谢懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 芯蟹薪邪褔邪胁邪, 褔械 袦邪泻褋 褋械 褋褔懈褌邪 蟹邪 薪械褋锌芯褋芯斜械薪 写邪 芯斜懈褔邪 懈谢懈 写邪 斜褗写械 芯斜懈褔邪薪 芯褌 写褉褍谐, 褋褌懈谐邪 屑褍 写邪 褋懈 懈屑邪 谐邪褉邪薪褌懈褉邪薪邪褌邪 谢褞斜芯胁 薪邪 褌邪蟹懈 卸械薪邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 芯褋褌邪胁邪 褋邪屑芯 胁 薪械谐芯胁邪褌邪 谐谢邪胁邪鈥�
O褋胁械薪 屑邪褋芯胁芯褌芯 懈蟹褌褉械斜胁邪薪械 褔械褋褌芯 褋械 锌芯泻邪蟹胁邪褌 锌褉械写褋屑褗褉褌薪懈褌械 褋褌褉邪写邪薪懈褟 薪邪 械写懈薪懈褔薪懈 鈥炑佇谎冄囆靶剐叫糕€� 褏芯褉邪 鈥� 袦邪泻褋 袗褍械 锌芯锌邪写邪 薪邪 褌褟褏 懈 屑褍 械 褌械卸泻芯, 薪械 褌褗褉锌懈 写邪 谐谢械写邪鈥� 小褌褉褍胁邪 屑懈 褋械, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 薪械 褋械 写褗谢卸懈 薪邪 写褗谢斜芯泻邪 褏褍屑邪薪薪芯褋褌 - 锌褉芯褋褌芯 褋懈 械 谐薪褍褋谢懈胁 褔芯胁械泻褗褌, 懈屑邪 褋懈 薪褟泻邪泻胁懈 褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪薪懈褟 蟹邪 褋锌褉邪胁械写谢懈胁芯褋褌 懈 褔芯胁械褔薪芯褋褌, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 懈薪邪褔械 褋褗褖芯 械 褋锌芯褋芯斜械薪 薪邪 薪邪泄-谐薪褍褋薪懈 屑懈褋谢懈 懈 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟.
袟邪锌芯屑薪褟褖 褋械 械 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁械薪懈褟褌 褉邪蟹谐芯胁芯褉 屑械卸写褍 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻懈褟 芯褎懈褑械褉 懈 泻芯屑褍薪懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈褟 鈥炐啃拘恍秆傃€褍泻鈥�. 袧邪褑懈蟹褗屑 鈮� 泻芯屑褍薪懈蟹褗屑?!
袧芯胁芯褌芯 蟹邪 屑械薪 胁 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 (胁褗锌褉械泻懈 褋屑褉邪蟹褟胁邪褖懈褌械 褍卸邪褋懈 胁 薪械褟 - 械写胁邪 谢懈 懈屑邪 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 写邪 薪械 褋屑械 褔械谢懈/谐谢械写邪谢懈 (懈谢懈 锌褉械写锌芯谢邪谐邪谢懈), 褔械 褋械 械 褋谢褍褔胁邪谢芯 锌芯 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 懈 胁 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉邪褑懈芯薪薪懈褌械 谢邪谐械褉懈) - 褌褍泻 胁褋懈褔泻芯 械 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残靶叫锯€�. 小懈谐褍褉薪芯 懈屑邪 写芯褋褌邪 褔懈褋褌芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈 泻薪懈谐懈 褋 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 芯锌懈褌懈 蟹邪 褉邪蟹泻褉懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 锌褉懈褔懈薪懈褌械, 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 懈 薪邪 褋邪屑懈褌械 锌褉芯褑械褋懈 褋褉械褖褍 胁芯械薪薪芯锌褉械褋褌褗锌薪懈褑懈褌械 褋谢械写 1945 谐. 褋邪 褔褍胁邪薪懈 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈褟. 袧芯 邪蟹 蟹邪 锌褗褉胁懈 锌褗褌 褋械 褋褉锟斤拷褖邪屑 褋 褌褟褏. 效褍胁邪谢邪 褋褗屑 褋邪屑芯, 褔械 芯斜胁懈薪褟械屑懈褌械 薪邪 褌械蟹懈 锌褉芯褑械褋懈 懈褋泻褉械薪芯 褋邪 薪械写芯褍屑褟胁邪谢懈 褋 泻邪泻胁芯 褋邪 锌褉械谐褉械褕懈谢懈 (泻邪泻褌芯 懈 锌芯-泻褗褋薪芯 锌褉懈 胁芯泄薪懈褌械 胁 斜懈胁褕邪 挟谐芯褋谢邪胁懈褟).
袝褌芯 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉 褔邪褋褌懈褔泻邪 芯褌 锌褗蟹械谢邪 薪邪 鈥炐拘毙狙佇叫拘残盒把傂扳€�: 袠 褌.薪. 懈 褌.薪. 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟 芯褌 锌芯 屑薪芯谐芯 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 薪邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 褌械屑懈, 胁泻谢褞褔懈褌械谢薪芯 懈 泻芯薪泻褉械褌薪芯 蟹邪 邪薪褌懈褋械屑懈褌懈蟹屑邪 (邪 懈 蟹邪 褉褍褋薪邪褑懈褌械 鈥� 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪懈褌械 鈥炑€邪胁薪芯褋褌芯泄薪懈鈥�; 褋邪屑芯 蟹邪 锌芯谢褟褑懈褌械 薪械 屑懈 褋褌邪薪邪 屑薪芯谐芯 褟褋薪芯 鈥� 芯褋胁械薪 屑芯卸械 斜懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 薪械褍写芯斜薪芯褌芯 褋褗褋械写褋褌胁芯 懈 谐芯谢褟屑邪 褔懈褋谢械薪芯褋褌, 蟹邪褖芯 褋邪 褋褔懈褌邪薪懈 蟹邪 鈥炐叫敌窖冃缎叫糕€�). 袠屑邪 褉邪蟹屑懈褋谢懈 懈 蟹邪 袘芯谐, 蟹邪 袛芯斜褉芯 懈 袟谢芯, 邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈 薪邪 褉械谢懈谐懈懈, 薪邪褑懈懈, 锌褉械谐谢械写 薪邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈懈鈥� 袦薪芯谐芯 褍写芯斜薪芯 锌褉械褏胁褗褉谢褟薪械 薪邪 锌褗谢薪邪褌邪 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪芯褋褌 胁褗褉褏褍 袟邪泻芯薪邪. 袙褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 蟹胁褍褔懈 褍斜械写懈褌械谢薪芯 胁 薪褟泻芯懈 邪褋锌械泻褌懈, 薪芯 蟹邪 屑械薪 胁 泻褉邪泄薪邪 褋屑械褌泻邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褋械 褋胁械卸写邪 写芯 械写薪芯: 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋懈 鈥炑傂秆€邪薪懈褔械薪鈥�, 褋褌懈褋薪邪褌, 械谐芯懈褋褌懈褔械薪, 褋褍械褌械薪 - 泻邪泻胁芯褌芯 懈 写邪 械, 褍卸 鈥炐恍狙埿锯€� - 薪芯 褌芯胁邪 薪械 褋械 锌褉懈褉邪胁薪褟胁邪 薪邪 芯褌薪械屑邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 卸懈胁芯褌鈥� 胁 泻邪泻胁懈褌芯 懈 写邪 械 屑邪褖邪斜懈鈥�
袧械 褋褗屑 褋泻谢芯薪薪邪 写邪 写械谢褟 褏芯褉邪褌邪 薪邪 屑褗卸械 懈 卸械薪懈 (泻邪褌芯 校懈谢懈邪屑 校芯褉褌褗薪 懈褋泻邪屑 写邪 屑懈褋谢褟 蟹邪 褌褟褏 泻邪褌芯 蟹邪 斜谢懈蟹薪邪褑懈) 懈 薪械 褋械 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪屑 胁 锌芯锌褍谢褟褉薪芯褌芯 鈥� 屑褗卸械褌械 褋邪 褌邪泻懈胁邪鈥︹€�, 鈥炐缎敌叫秆傂� 褋邪 芯薪邪泻懈胁邪鈥︹€�. 小械谐邪 褋 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 蟹邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 薪械 屑芯谐邪 写邪 薪械 褋懈 屑懈褋谢褟 谐薪械胁薪芯 蟹邪 屑褗卸械褌械 (屑芯卸械 写邪 懈屑邪 泻芯薪褌褉邪褌械蟹邪 鈥� 泻褗写械 褋邪 斜懈谢懈 卸械薪懈褌械, 薪懈泻邪泻胁邪 褉芯谢褟 谢懈 褋邪 薪褟屑邪谢懈). 孝褗泻屑芯 褋懈 蟹邪写邪胁邪褏 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 蟹邪 鈥炐拘毙感盒叫拘残敌叫秆傂碘€� 谐械褉屑邪薪褑懈 (锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 卸械薪懈褌械 懈 写褉褍谐懈褌械, 泻芯懈褌芯 薪械 褍褔邪褋褌胁邪褌 锌褉褟泻芯 胁褗胁 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪) 鈥� 泻褗写械 褋邪 斜懈谢懈, 泻邪泻胁芯 褋邪 屑懈褋谢械谢懈, 懈屑邪褌 谢懈 锌褉褗褋褌 胁 褑褟谢邪褌邪 褉邪斜芯褌邪 鈥� 懈 袥懈褌械谢 蟹邪褋械谐薪邪 懈 褌邪蟹懈 褌械屑邪. 小邪屑 袗褍械 褋褗褖芯 谐芯 泻邪蟹胁邪 鈥� 蟹邪 写邪 褉邪蟹谢懈褔懈 屑褗卸械褌械 芯褌 卸械薪懈褌械, 袘芯谐 械 写邪谢 薪邪 屑褗卸械褌械 锌褉芯褋褌邪褌邪褌邪 懈 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪鈥� (蟹邪 锌褉芯褋褌邪褌邪褌邪 鈥� 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 褏芯屑芯褋械泻褋褍邪谢懈蟹屑邪). 袠 写芯泻邪褌芯 蟹邪 褏芯屑芯褋械泻褋褍邪谢懈褋褌懈褌械 薪懈泻芯谐邪 薪械 屑懈 械 懈写胁邪谢芯 芯褌胁褗褌褉械 写邪 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪屑 芯薪械蟹懈 芯斜懈写薪懈 写褍屑懈褔泻懈 懈 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 写邪 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪屑 懈 泻邪锌泻邪 薪械锌褉懈褟蟹褗薪, 蟹邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪 斜懈褏 泻邪蟹邪谢邪 鈥炐バ敌�, 屑芯屑褔械褌邪 鈥� 褋 屑邪谢泻懈褌械 懈 谐芯谢械屑懈褌械 胁芯泄薪懈!!!鈥� 效褍胁邪谢邪 褋褗屑 懈 薪械褖芯 芯褌 褉芯写邪, 褔械 胁芯泄薪懈褌械 斜懈谢懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 卸械薪懈. 袨斜邪褔械 胁 斜谢懈蟹泻懈褌械 胁械泻芯胁械 褌芯蟹懈 鈥炑€芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹褗屑鈥� 薪邪 写褉械胁薪芯褋褌褌邪 屑邪泄 谢懈锌褋胁邪.
袨褌薪芯褋薪芯 鈥渞eductio ad absurdum鈥� 薪邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 胁 袗褍褕胁懈褑 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 褋褟泻邪褕 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 械 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈褟褌邪 薪邪 褋邪屑懈褟 袗褍械 蟹邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 - 薪械薪褍卸薪芯褋褌. 袩褉懈 褌邪蟹懈 薪械谐芯胁邪 懈蟹薪邪褔邪谢薪邪 薪械薪邪胁懈褋褌 泻褗屑 卸懈胁芯褌邪 懈 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋械 蟹邪锌懈褌邪褏 泻邪泻胁邪 械 鈥炐夹狙傂感残把喰秆徰傂扳€� 薪邪 褏芯褉邪 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯 懈 芯褌泻褗写械 褌芯泄 薪邪屑懈褉邪褕械 胁芯谢褟 写邪 写褉邪锌邪 薪邪锌褉械写. 袟邪 泻芯谢械谐懈褌械 屑褍 褋 锌芯-谐芯谢褟屑邪 鈥炐缎感沸叫敌叫狙佈傗€� (锌芯薪械 锌褉懈胁懈写薪邪) 屑懈 斜械褕械 锌芯-芯斜褟褋薪懈屑芯 泻邪泻 写械泄褋褌胁邪褌 褋 械薪褌褍褋懈邪蟹褗屑 懈 褍褋褌褉械屑械薪芯褋褌.
小谢械写 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪芯 锌褉械泻褗褋胁邪薪械 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 (蟹邪 写邪 薪械 褟 薪芯褋褟 薪邪 械泻褋泻褍褉蟹懈褟) 锌褗褉胁懈褌械 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 屑械 褌褉械褋薪邪褏邪 褋 褑懈褎褉懈 鈥� 褋褟泻邪褕 褋械 斜褉芯械褕械 懈 鈥炑佇敌恍敌貉喰感拘叫秆€邪褕械鈥� 褋褌芯泻邪, 邪 薪械 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 褋褗褖械褋褌胁邪. 袘褉芯泄泻懈, 锌褉芯褑械薪褌懈 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 褋邪 褏芯褉邪褌邪 芯褌 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械. 袩褉芯懈蟹胁芯写懈褌械谢薪芯褋褌 鈥� 褌芯胁邪 械 胁懈褋褕邪褌邪 褑械谢. 小 芯谐褉芯屑薪芯 褍褋褗褉写懈械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕胁邪褌 鈥炑€邪斜芯褌邪褌邪鈥� 褋懈 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉薪懈褌械 蟹邪 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 芯褎懈褑械褉懈.
袥褞斜芯锌懈褌薪芯 斜械褕械 蟹邪屑械褋褌胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 屑邪褋芯胁懈褌械 械泻蟹械泻褍褑懈懈 褋 谢邪谐械褉懈 (褋 鈥炑囆秆佈傂秆傂碘€� 谐邪蟹芯胁懈 泻邪屑械褉懈) 鈥� 芯褋胁械薪 懈泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻邪褌邪 褑械谢, 胁邪卸薪芯 械 斜懈谢芯 锌褋懈褏懈褔薪芯褌芯 蟹写褉邪胁械 薪邪 锌褉械泻懈褌械 懈蟹胁褗褉褕懈褌械谢懈 薪邪 屑邪褋芯胁懈褌械 褉邪蟹褋褌褉械谢懈 (芯蟹胁械褉褟胁邪褌 胁褋械 锌芯胁械褔械, 褋褉械褖邪褌 褋械 褋邪写懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 懈蟹斜谢懈褑懈, 褋械泻褋褍邪谢薪懈 褋屑褍褖械薪懈褟 懈 褌.薪.), 蟹邪褌芯胁邪 褋邪 褋械 锌芯谐褉懈卸懈谢懈 蟹邪 褌褟褏鈥�
小邪写懈蟹屑褗褌 薪邪 懈薪写懈胁懈写褍邪谢薪芯 薪懈胁芯 褋械 芯斜褋褗卸写邪, 薪芯 褑褟谢芯褋褌薪芯褌芯 懈蟹斜懈胁邪薪械 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 (鈥濫ndl枚sung鈥�) 薪械 褉邪蟹谐谢械卸写邪褌 芯褌 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪邪 褏褍屑邪薪薪芯褋褌褌邪 械褋械褋芯胁褑懈褌械 (械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪芯 胁 锌芯-褋褌褉邪褌械谐懈褔械褋泻芯 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈械 械 懈屑邪谢芯 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪懈 屑薪械薪懈褟 锌芯 褌芯蟹懈 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 薪芯 薪械 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褋邪屑懈褌械 械胁褉械懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 邪 芯褌薪芯胁芯 懈蟹褑褟谢芯 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 懈薪褌械褉械褋邪 薪邪 孝褉械褌懈褟 袪邪泄褏).
袨褋胁械薪 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 谐谢邪胁薪懈褟 谐械褉芯泄 屑懈褋谢懈褌械 薪邪 芯褎懈褑械褉懈 芯褌 芯斜泻褉褗卸械薪懈械褌芯 屑褍 褋褗褖芯 屑懈 斜褟褏邪 谢褞斜芯锌懈褌薪懈 鈥� 褌邪泻邪 褋械 锌芯谢褍褔邪胁邪 芯褖械 锌芯-褑褟谢芯褋褌薪邪 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪 薪邪 芯斜褟褋薪械薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈蟹屑邪 懈 懈蟹芯斜褖芯 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟褌邪 薪邪 袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟 锌芯 胁褉械屑械 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪. 袪邪蟹斜褉邪褏, 褔械 械 斜懈谢芯 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑芯 写邪 锌芯蟹薪邪胁邪屑 懈 袩褗褉胁邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪, 锌褉械写懈 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪屑 写邪 褋谐谢芯斜褟 褑褟谢芯褋褌薪邪褌邪 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪 薪邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪. 袠 邪泻芯 屑芯卸邪褏 写邪 褋懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁褟 鈥炐狙佇叫拘残靶叫秆徰傂扳€� 懈 胁褟褉胁邪薪懈褟褌邪 薪邪 胁懈褋褕懈褟 械褕邪谢芯薪 薪邪 薪邪褑懈褋褌泻邪褌邪 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟, 胁褋械 芯褖械 屑懈 械 褌褉褍写薪芯 写邪 锌褉芯褍屑械褟 屑邪褖邪斜邪 薪邪 胁褗谢薪邪褌邪 芯褌 锌芯褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢懈.
袛褉褍谐 鈥炐承笛€芯泄鈥� (谐褉褍锌械薪褎褞褉械褉 袦褞谢械褉) 褉邪蟹褋褗卸写邪胁邪 谐谢芯斜邪谢薪芯 懈 褋 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁邪. 小邪屑懈褟褌 袗褍械 写芯褉懈 褍斜械写械薪芯 蟹邪褟胁褟胁邪 (蟹邪 褋胁芯泄 泻芯谢械谐邪 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 械胁邪泻褍懈褉邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 械胁褉械懈褌械): 鈥炐⑿拘� 薪械 斜械褕械 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪, 胁褋懈褔泻懈 斜褟褏邪 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯, 懈 邪蟹 斜褟褏 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯, 懈 胁懈械 褋褗褖芯, 薪邪 薪械谐芯胁芯 屑褟褋褌芯 褖褟褏褌械 写邪 褋褌械 泻邪褌芯 薪械谐芯.鈥� 袛芯褉懈 芯斜褟褋薪褟胁邪, 褔械 懈屑邪 写褉褍谐懈 胁懈卸写邪薪懈褟 锌芯 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 蟹邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 - 褔芯胁械泻 薪邪 屑懈褋褗谢褌邪 械 褌芯泄, 薪械 械 薪褟泻芯泄 斜械蟹褍屑械薪 锌芯褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢 (薪芯 褌芯胁邪 薪械 锌褉械褔懈 薪邪 锌褗谢薪邪褌邪 屑褍 谢芯褟谢薪芯褋褌 懈 褋谢械写胁邪薪械 薪邪 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪褌邪 薪邪 肖褞褉械褉邪).
小屑邪蟹胁邪褖芯 屑懈 锌芯写械泄褋褌胁邪, 褔械 写芯褉懈 懈蟹锌懈褌胁邪 褋褗卸邪谢械薪懈械 泻褗屑 鈥炐狙佈娦葱敌叫秆傂碘€� 械胁褉械懈 (薪芯 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 褌芯胁邪 薪懈泻邪泻 薪械 胁谢懈褟械 薪邪 写械泄褋褌胁懈褟褌邪 屑褍) 懈谢懈 斜懈 锌芯-褋泻芯褉芯 泻褗屑 褋械斜械 褋懈?!. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 锌芯-谢械褋薪邪 械 斜懈谢邪 写芯褋械谐邪褕薪邪褌邪 屑懈 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁邪 蟹邪 械褋械褋芯胁褑懈褌械 泻邪褌芯 邪斜褋芯谢褞褌薪懈 蟹胁械褉芯胁械?!
袣芯谐邪褌芯 薪邪斜谢懈卸懈 泻褉邪褟褌 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪, 胁 屑械薪 薪械 薪邪褋褌褗锌懈 芯斜谢械泻褔械薪懈械 鈥� 褌芯谐邪胁邪 褋械 胁懈卸写邪 薪邪泄-写芯斜褉械 褑褟谢邪褌邪 褉邪蟹褉褍褏邪 - 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢薪芯 懈 写褍褏芯胁薪芯 芯锌褍褋褌芯褕械薪懈械, 懈蟹褍屑懈褌械谢薪芯 斜械蟹褋屑懈褋谢懈械 鈥� 蟹邪 胁褋懈褔泻懈. 校卸邪褋褟胁邪褖芯 斜懈 斜懈谢芯 胁 褌芯蟹懈 屑芯屑械薪褌 (泻褉邪褟 薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪褌邪) 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 褋懈 蟹邪写邪写械 胁褗锌褉芯褋邪 鈥� 鈥炐椥把壭� 斜械褕械 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褌芯胁邪?!鈥�
袧邪 褎芯薪邪 薪邪 褑械谢懈褟 褍卸邪褋 褋褗谢蟹懈 褉褟写泻芯 懈屑邪褕械, 褉械邪谐懈褉邪褏 锌芯-褋泻芯褉芯 薪邪 芯褋泻褗写薪邪褌邪 锌褉芯褟胁邪 薪邪 写芯斜褉芯 鈥� 泻芯谐邪褌芯 锌褉懈 芯褌褋褌褗锌谢械薪懈械褌芯 褋懈 薪邪褑懈褋褌懈褌械 懈蟹胁械卸写邪褏邪 械胁褉械懈褌械 芯褌 谢邪谐械褉懈褌械 (薪械 芯褌 褏褍屑邪薪懈蟹褗屑, 邪 蟹邪 写邪 蟹邪锌邪蟹褟褌 褉邪斜芯褌薪邪 褉褗泻邪 蟹邪 蟹邪胁芯写懈褌械), 锌芯 褋械谢邪褌邪 屑械褋褌薪懈褌械 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪褏邪 写邪 懈屑 锌芯写邪写邪褌 褏谢褟斜 (褉邪蟹斜懈褉邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌懈褌械 斜懈胁邪褏邪 谐褉褍斜芯 锌褉械褋懈褔邪薪懈).
袣芯懈褌芯 褋邪 褔械谢懈 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 懈 褋懈 褋锌芯屑薪褟褌 褋褌褉. 777 (写芯 泻褗屑 780), 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯 褖械 褋械 褋褗谐谢邪褋褟褌, 褔械 褌芯胁邪 械 械写懈薪 芯褌 薪邪泄-锌芯褌褉械褋邪胁邪褖懈褌械 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 (斜邪薪写邪褌邪 薪邪 屑芯屑褔械褌芯 袗写邪屑). 袗泻芯 薪械 胁 褑褟谢邪褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 褌芯 褌褍泻 褋褗褋 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯褋褌 褋械 褔褍写械褏 泻邪泻 褋 褌芯蟹懈 鈥炑€械褋褍褉褋鈥� 袝胁褉芯锌邪 褋谢械写 褌芯胁邪 胁褋械 锌邪泻 械 褋褌邪薪邪谢邪 谐芯褉械-写芯谢褍 薪芯褉屑邪谢薪邪鈥� 袟邪 胁褌芯褉懈 锌褗褌 屑懈 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪 (褋谢械写 鈥炐溞靶剐盒秆傂碘€�) 写邪 芯锌褉邪胁写邪褟 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 泻褉邪泄薪邪 邪谐褉械褋懈褟 (写械褑邪?!) 泻邪褌芯 锌褉械写褍锌褉械卸写械薪懈械. 袩褉懈 褋褑械薪懈褌械 褋谢械写 777 褋懈 锌芯蟹胁芯谢懈褏 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈褟 胁褗锌褉芯褋 鈥炐澭冃缎叫� 谢懈 械 斜懈谢邪 袙褌芯褉邪褌邪 褋胁械褌芯胁薪邪 胁芯泄薪邪鈥� 懈 邪斜褋褍褉写薪懈褟 芯褌谐芯胁芯褉 鈥� 屑芯卸械 斜懈 械 斜懈谢芯 薪褍卸薪芯 写邪 褋械 褋褌懈谐薪械 写芯 锌芯写芯斜薪懈 泻褉邪泄薪芯褋褌懈, 蟹邪 写邪 斜褗写械 褋谢械写 褌芯胁邪 袝胁褉芯锌邪 写褉褍谐邪 鈥� 写芯褉懈 懈 褋 褌芯胁邪 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈械, 泻芯械褌芯 斜械褕械 芯锌懈褋邪薪芯 (袗写邪屑 & co). 袛芯泻邪褌芯 褑褟谢邪褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 屑懈 褋械 褋褌褉褍胁邪褕械 褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔薪邪, 褌械蟹懈 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑懈 褋懈 斜褟褏邪 薪邪锌褉邪胁芯 褋褞褉褉械邪谢懈褋褌懈褔薪懈 (锌芯写芯斜薪芯 褍褋械褖邪薪械 懈屑邪褕械 懈 胁 鈥炐⊙€械写薪芯褖薪懈 写械褑邪鈥� 懈 鈥炐熝€邪胁械泻 懈 写褉褍谐懈 胁褉械屑械薪邪 鈥� 锌邪泻 胁褗胁 胁褉褗蟹泻邪 褋 胁芯泄薪懈).
袧褟屑邪 泻邪泻 写邪 泻邪卸邪 芯斜懈褔邪泄薪芯褌芯 鈥炑呅把€械褋邪 屑懈 屑薪芯谐芯鈥� 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪. 袩芯薪褟泻芯谐邪 蟹邪 泻薪懈谐懈 写芯褉懈 鈥炑佇靶夹锯€� 芯褌 600 褋褌褉. 褋褗屑 泻邪蟹胁邪谢邪, 褔械 斜懈 斜懈谢芯 写芯斜褉械 写邪 褋邪 锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 300-400. 袟邪 褌芯蟹懈 褉芯屑邪薪 芯褌 芯泻芯谢芯 (褉械邪谢薪芯 鈥� 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写褉械斜薪懈褟 褕褉懈褎褌) 1000 褋褌褉. 薪褟屑邪褏 褔褍胁褋褌胁芯褌芯, 褔械 薪械褖芯 械 懈蟹谢懈褕薪芯, 屑邪泻邪褉 褔械 薪褟泻芯懈 屑芯屑械薪褌懈 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 屑懈薪邪胁邪褏 锌芯-斜褗褉蟹芯. 袠蟹芯斜懈谢薪芯褌芯 锌褉懈褋褗褋褌胁懈械 薪邪 胁褋褟泻邪泻胁懈 褎懈蟹懈芯谢芯谐懈褔薪懈 薪褍卸写懈 褋锌芯褉械写 屑械薪 薪械 械 褋邪屑芯褑械谢薪芯 懈谢懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 蟹邪 写邪 懈蟹谐谢械卸写邪 锌芯-谐邪写薪芯 胁褋懈褔泻芯, 屑芯卸械 斜懈 芯褋薪芯胁薪邪 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪.
袩芯-谐薪褍褋薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪 薪械 褋褗屑 褔械谢邪, 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 薪械 褔械褌邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 谐薪褍褋薪懈 泻薪懈谐懈, 薪芯 褌褍泻 褌芯胁邪 懈屑邪 写褉褍谐 褋屑懈褋褗谢. 小懈谐褍褉薪芯 薪褟屑邪 写褉褍谐邪 锌芯写芯斜薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 斜懈褏 锌褉芯褔械谢邪 鈥� 写褉褍谐 胁泻褍褋 懈屑邪屑, 写褉褍谐邪 褔褍胁褋褌胁懈褌械谢薪芯褋褌. 袧芯 屑懈 斜械褕械 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑邪. 袩芯褔褌懈 薪械 褋褗屑 懈屑邪谢邪 泻芯谢械斜邪薪懈褟 写邪谢懈 写邪 褟 芯褋褌邪胁褟. 袙褋械 锌邪泻 薪械 褟 褔械褌芯褏 褋 薪邪锌褗谢薪芯 芯褌胁芯褉械薪芯 褋褗蟹薪邪薪懈械, 褉械褕懈褏 写邪 鈥炐垦冄佇叫� 蟹邪胁械褋邪褌邪鈥� 屑邪谢泻芯 懈 写邪 薪械 褋械 胁卸懈胁褟胁邪屑 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 胁 卸械褋褌芯泻芯褋褌懈褌械, 懈蟹胁褉邪褖械薪懈褟褌邪.
袗胁褌芯褉褗褌 屑懈 褋械 褋褌芯褉懈 懈蟹薪械薪邪写胁邪褖芯 屑谢邪写 蟹邪 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 谐褉邪薪写懈芯蟹薪芯 锌褉芯懈蟹胁械写械薪懈械. 小褟泻邪褕 袥懈褌械谢 械 锌褉懈褋褗褋褌胁邪谢, 斜懈谢 械 锌褉褟泻 褋胁懈写械褌械谢. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 锌褉芯褋褌芯 械 鈥炐承拘谎徯夹� 谐谢邪胁邪鈥�? :) (褋褗芯褌胁械褌薪芯 褌褉褍写褗褌 薪邪 锌褉械胁芯写邪褔邪 械 泻褗褉褌芯胁褋泻懈). 袙褗蟹锌褉懈械屑邪屑 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪 薪械 泻邪泻褌芯 鈥炐拘毙感盒叫拘残敌叫把傂扳€� 褏褍写芯卸械褋褌胁械薪邪 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪, 邪 泻邪褌芯 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈胁薪芯-邪薪邪谢懈褌懈褔薪邪 褌胁芯褉斜邪. 袟邪 屑械薪 胁邪卸薪邪 写褍屑懈褔泻邪 芯褌 褌邪蟹懈 泻薪懈谐邪 斜械褕械 鈥炐毙敌费佇感恍感碘€�. 袧芯 懈蟹薪械薪邪写胁邪褖芯 薪械 褋械 芯褌褔邪褟褏 芯褌 褋褗褖薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 褔芯胁械褕泻懈褟 褉芯写 懈 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁邪褌邪 蟹邪 薪械谐芯胁芯褌芯 斜褗写械褖械. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉械薪懈械 薪械 薪邪 泻薪懈谐邪褌邪, 邪 薪邪 褋谢械写胁邪褖懈褌械 写械褋械褌懈谢械褌懈褟 胁 袝胁褉芯锌邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 懈 薪械 褋褗胁褋械屑 斜械蟹芯斜谢邪褔薪懈鈥�
December 26, 2009
Reading 鈥淭he Kindly Ones鈥� is like roaming around a dilapidated mansion 鈥� it begs you to explore; it is both fascinating and repulsive. The book is very ambitious, and it鈥檚 a pleasure to read literature that takes on a serious if uncomfortable subject, and literature that takes itself seriously. I would have given this five stars, and I do find it largely successful, but there are some snags in the subplot that don鈥檛 quite work.
The overarching historical plot works well. The protagonist, Maximilien Aue, visits the WWII hot spots: Babi Yar, Stalingrad, Auschwitz, and Berlin as it falls. I found the perspective gripping. And rather than finding his interaction with actual notorious Nazis ridiculous - Himmler, Speer, Eichmann, H枚ss, Mengele, Hitler and Bormann, his mustache brush - I found the approach better than fictionalizing the bigwigs with aliases we鈥檇 have to guess at. Mostly, I appreciated the point of view 鈥� I鈥檝e read other WWII novels but few if any in which we鈥檙e escorted through by a perpetrator of the Holocaust. It鈥檚 a privileged if disgusting view. While there is obscene crime in the book, no need to get all righteous about it and refuse to read on. (If your stomach is weak, don鈥檛 even try this book.) The protagonist would tell you that everything that happened in WWII was caused by human beings, not monsters or genetic mutants. Aue himself doesn鈥檛 seem designed to represent some horrid beast. For the most part, he appears to be a cultivated, educated but otherwise ordinary man sucked into the infernal machine.
And yet 鈥� and here comes my problem with the subplot 鈥� he鈥檚 not some ordinary man. He is one fucked-up cookie with some heavy issues, mostly being obsessively in love with his twin sister, with whom he longs to be one. And he unfairly despises his French mother, whom he feels betrayed his German father, thus setting up psychologically Aue鈥檚 allegiance to the Fatherland. And he is not just compelled to murder as a consequence of war, but he鈥檚 also an out-and-out murderer. Aue would also have preferred to be a woman. No sin there, but definitely not some ordinary guy tricked into doing the devil鈥檚 business. His sexual perversions don鈥檛 stop at desiring his sister. He also gets it on with a specially whittled tree branch at the tail-end of an excessive and prolonged masturbatory orgy. The fantasies! Ugh. I was both surprised and not surprised that 鈥淭he Kindly Ones鈥� won the 鈥淏ad Sex Award鈥� for fiction in 2009. Not for sex that takes place 鈥� rather a wet dream. Oy.
At the end, Aue is pursued both by oncoming Russians but also by 鈥渢he kindly ones,鈥� aka the Furies, for his personal crimes. I both enjoyed this mix of main plot/subplot and found it distracting. And in all cases, Aue knows he is guilty and yet doesn鈥檛 seem to regret anything, for various reasons.
On the downside, the author does tend to go off on tangents that can be worse than tedious 鈥� they鈥檙e sometimes hard to follow. Many deal with bureaucratic issues, but for me the most exasperating was the long monologue on Caucasian linguistics by Aue鈥檚 friend Voss. I suppose the point about the difficulty and/or futility of being able to identify a language鈥檚/people鈥檚 true origins was clear, still the author really begged the reader鈥檚 patience. I can only imagine that such passages are intended to play up the contrast of how tedium exists alongside horror. Nevertheless, whereas I would have given up on other books, this was too interesting to put down. Once the dull spots were slogged through, it was easy to get caught up again.
My favorite parts of the book were the hallucinatory segments. When Aue鈥檚 arm frees itself from his body of its own accord and goes off shooting wildly, disconnected from him. When he is shot in Stalingrad and suddenly he鈥檚 swimming the Volga, then floating about in a dirigible with a mad scientist type. When the masturbatory episode exhausts itself and Aue imagines a dead figure in the snow.
Finally, I liked the figure of Helene. It was important to me that she was part of the book. The scene where Aue tells her what the deal out east really is brings it home for me. She says the German people will have to pay for their crimes, and Aue responds, yes, if they lose, their enemies will be pitiless. But Helene says even if the Germans win they are going to pay. So true! I found her a sobering anchor-point in this sprawling book. Unfortunately, Helene has to be abandoned, because Aue is guilty and condemned and although human, he must be divorced from human comfort.
The overarching historical plot works well. The protagonist, Maximilien Aue, visits the WWII hot spots: Babi Yar, Stalingrad, Auschwitz, and Berlin as it falls. I found the perspective gripping. And rather than finding his interaction with actual notorious Nazis ridiculous - Himmler, Speer, Eichmann, H枚ss, Mengele, Hitler and Bormann, his mustache brush - I found the approach better than fictionalizing the bigwigs with aliases we鈥檇 have to guess at. Mostly, I appreciated the point of view 鈥� I鈥檝e read other WWII novels but few if any in which we鈥檙e escorted through by a perpetrator of the Holocaust. It鈥檚 a privileged if disgusting view. While there is obscene crime in the book, no need to get all righteous about it and refuse to read on. (If your stomach is weak, don鈥檛 even try this book.) The protagonist would tell you that everything that happened in WWII was caused by human beings, not monsters or genetic mutants. Aue himself doesn鈥檛 seem designed to represent some horrid beast. For the most part, he appears to be a cultivated, educated but otherwise ordinary man sucked into the infernal machine.
And yet 鈥� and here comes my problem with the subplot 鈥� he鈥檚 not some ordinary man. He is one fucked-up cookie with some heavy issues, mostly being obsessively in love with his twin sister, with whom he longs to be one. And he unfairly despises his French mother, whom he feels betrayed his German father, thus setting up psychologically Aue鈥檚 allegiance to the Fatherland. And he is not just compelled to murder as a consequence of war, but he鈥檚 also an out-and-out murderer. Aue would also have preferred to be a woman. No sin there, but definitely not some ordinary guy tricked into doing the devil鈥檚 business. His sexual perversions don鈥檛 stop at desiring his sister. He also gets it on with a specially whittled tree branch at the tail-end of an excessive and prolonged masturbatory orgy. The fantasies! Ugh. I was both surprised and not surprised that 鈥淭he Kindly Ones鈥� won the 鈥淏ad Sex Award鈥� for fiction in 2009. Not for sex that takes place 鈥� rather a wet dream. Oy.
At the end, Aue is pursued both by oncoming Russians but also by 鈥渢he kindly ones,鈥� aka the Furies, for his personal crimes. I both enjoyed this mix of main plot/subplot and found it distracting. And in all cases, Aue knows he is guilty and yet doesn鈥檛 seem to regret anything, for various reasons.
On the downside, the author does tend to go off on tangents that can be worse than tedious 鈥� they鈥檙e sometimes hard to follow. Many deal with bureaucratic issues, but for me the most exasperating was the long monologue on Caucasian linguistics by Aue鈥檚 friend Voss. I suppose the point about the difficulty and/or futility of being able to identify a language鈥檚/people鈥檚 true origins was clear, still the author really begged the reader鈥檚 patience. I can only imagine that such passages are intended to play up the contrast of how tedium exists alongside horror. Nevertheless, whereas I would have given up on other books, this was too interesting to put down. Once the dull spots were slogged through, it was easy to get caught up again.
My favorite parts of the book were the hallucinatory segments. When Aue鈥檚 arm frees itself from his body of its own accord and goes off shooting wildly, disconnected from him. When he is shot in Stalingrad and suddenly he鈥檚 swimming the Volga, then floating about in a dirigible with a mad scientist type. When the masturbatory episode exhausts itself and Aue imagines a dead figure in the snow.
Finally, I liked the figure of Helene. It was important to me that she was part of the book. The scene where Aue tells her what the deal out east really is brings it home for me. She says the German people will have to pay for their crimes, and Aue responds, yes, if they lose, their enemies will be pitiless. But Helene says even if the Germans win they are going to pay. So true! I found her a sobering anchor-point in this sprawling book. Unfortunately, Helene has to be abandoned, because Aue is guilty and condemned and although human, he must be divorced from human comfort.
September 11, 2019
Max Aue made it to the big time in the higher echelons of the Nazi regime and years later he鈥檚 decided to write his biography in an attempt to cleanse his soul and set the record straight.
I鈥檓 going to review and score each chapter:
1. Toccata 鈥� Max lays down his intentions to tell his story. A good opening chapter that immediately lures you in and makes you pay attention. 4/5
2. Allemande 1 & 2 鈥� Max is in Ukraine as an officer in the extermination squads who are systematically executing Jews, Communists and Soviets; thousands are nonchalantly disposed of. What鈥檚 so disturbing isn鈥檛 the act of killing or the number of deaths but the blase language the officers use to plan the most effective method. There is a sizable chunk written about language origin, which went on way too long but otherwise a strong chapter which sets the tone for the rest of the book. 4/5
3. Courante 鈥� Max is re-assigned to Stalingrad just before the Germans capitulate. He is witness to the deplorable conditions and poor decision making that ultimately leads to their defeat. The prose is superb as the author paints a hauntingly bleak picture of one of the pivotal battles of WW2. 5/5
4. Sarabande 鈥� Max is recovering in Berlin after the brutality of Stalingrad. He decides to visit his Mother for the first time in many years. We learn more about his family past and his 鈥榮pecial鈥� relationship with his sister. This chapter is a kind of interlude which temporarily shifts focus away from the War. 5/5
5. Menuet en Rondeaux 鈥� Max is now working for Himmler and is sent on a supervisor/investigatory mission to the famous concentration camps. He tries to improve the camps conditions with a better diet and less hostile treatment from the guards, which would ultimately increase productivity but he soon realises that murdering the Jews is more important than manufacturing for the war. The longest and probably the standout part of the book as it provides an insight into 鈥楾he Jewish Question鈥� that goes beyond the well documented death toll. 5/5
6. Air 鈥� Berlin is falling so Max takes refuge in his Sisters empty house. He temporarily loses his mind and has several sexually degrading visions of his sister. This went on too long and seemed to be the author indulging in his warped, pornographic fantasies. It鈥檚 relevant to Max鈥檚 character but becomes repetitive. 2/5
7. Gigue 鈥� The inevitable fall of Berlin as Max describes the utter chaos and destruction of his beloved city. It鈥檚 a fitting and worthy ending to a brilliant book. 4/5
This book is unbelievably dense with only seven chapters spanning 975 pages. The text is small and fills each page like a relentless black wave with no let up but at no stage was i tempted or driven to the point of giving up even though the task of reading this mammoth novel seemed endless. I read this over a two week period whilst reading something else concurrently as i realised from page 1 that time and patience were required. This isn鈥檛 a book you can just burn through; it requires your full attention.
One of the main feelings i have taken away from The Kindly Ones is the utter futility of the majority of our actions. Even when it becomes apparent that Germany will be on the losing side Max is still required to write and file his reports with the powers that be. Surely fictional Max would look back on those six years of WW2 and cry in horror at the hours he wasted writing reports that ultimately burned to ash. But this resonates in every job i鈥檝e ever had. I sit at my desk filling in sales spreadsheets and processing orders that nobody will care about in five years. It鈥檚 insane!
I鈥檓 going to review and score each chapter:
1. Toccata 鈥� Max lays down his intentions to tell his story. A good opening chapter that immediately lures you in and makes you pay attention. 4/5
2. Allemande 1 & 2 鈥� Max is in Ukraine as an officer in the extermination squads who are systematically executing Jews, Communists and Soviets; thousands are nonchalantly disposed of. What鈥檚 so disturbing isn鈥檛 the act of killing or the number of deaths but the blase language the officers use to plan the most effective method. There is a sizable chunk written about language origin, which went on way too long but otherwise a strong chapter which sets the tone for the rest of the book. 4/5
3. Courante 鈥� Max is re-assigned to Stalingrad just before the Germans capitulate. He is witness to the deplorable conditions and poor decision making that ultimately leads to their defeat. The prose is superb as the author paints a hauntingly bleak picture of one of the pivotal battles of WW2. 5/5
4. Sarabande 鈥� Max is recovering in Berlin after the brutality of Stalingrad. He decides to visit his Mother for the first time in many years. We learn more about his family past and his 鈥榮pecial鈥� relationship with his sister. This chapter is a kind of interlude which temporarily shifts focus away from the War. 5/5
5. Menuet en Rondeaux 鈥� Max is now working for Himmler and is sent on a supervisor/investigatory mission to the famous concentration camps. He tries to improve the camps conditions with a better diet and less hostile treatment from the guards, which would ultimately increase productivity but he soon realises that murdering the Jews is more important than manufacturing for the war. The longest and probably the standout part of the book as it provides an insight into 鈥楾he Jewish Question鈥� that goes beyond the well documented death toll. 5/5
6. Air 鈥� Berlin is falling so Max takes refuge in his Sisters empty house. He temporarily loses his mind and has several sexually degrading visions of his sister. This went on too long and seemed to be the author indulging in his warped, pornographic fantasies. It鈥檚 relevant to Max鈥檚 character but becomes repetitive. 2/5
7. Gigue 鈥� The inevitable fall of Berlin as Max describes the utter chaos and destruction of his beloved city. It鈥檚 a fitting and worthy ending to a brilliant book. 4/5
This book is unbelievably dense with only seven chapters spanning 975 pages. The text is small and fills each page like a relentless black wave with no let up but at no stage was i tempted or driven to the point of giving up even though the task of reading this mammoth novel seemed endless. I read this over a two week period whilst reading something else concurrently as i realised from page 1 that time and patience were required. This isn鈥檛 a book you can just burn through; it requires your full attention.
One of the main feelings i have taken away from The Kindly Ones is the utter futility of the majority of our actions. Even when it becomes apparent that Germany will be on the losing side Max is still required to write and file his reports with the powers that be. Surely fictional Max would look back on those six years of WW2 and cry in horror at the hours he wasted writing reports that ultimately burned to ash. But this resonates in every job i鈥檝e ever had. I sit at my desk filling in sales spreadsheets and processing orders that nobody will care about in five years. It鈥檚 insane!
September 12, 2021
"Vi ricordo che 芦F眉hrerworte haben Gesetzeskraft禄,
la parola del F眉hrer ha forza di Legge.
Dovete resistere alla tentazione di essere umani"
Dentro l'Uomo c'猫 la Bestia o dentro la Bestia c鈥櫭� l鈥橴omo?
Questo ci si chiede leggendo 鈥淟e benevole鈥� quest鈥檕pera mastodontica che potrebbe essere un saggio di storia per tanta minuzia c鈥櫭� nella descrizione di manovre, armi e strategie di guerra.
Potrebbe essere un trattato etnografico con pagine che snocciolano la storia dei popoli caucasici. Potrebbe essere tanto altro se non ci fosse l鈥檜fficiale SS, omosessuale, Maximilien Aue, il cui corpo invade prepotentemente le pagine.
.
芦Fratelli umani, lasciate che vi racconti com鈥櫭� andata.禄
Cos矛 Max Aue comincia a raccontare.
In fondo 猫 solo una questione di Weltanschauung?
Una concezione del mondo con occhi diversi?
Dopo aver letto pagine e pagine in cui i sopravvissuti dell鈥橭locausto condividevano quegli atroci ricordi questo salto della barricata non 猫 facile da digerire.
Le memorie sono quelle di uomo che fa carriera nell'apparato burocratico nazista.
Un uomo colto, appassionato di musica e letteratura.
Dalla tormentata Europa dagli anni鈥�30 al termine della guerra, lo scrittore franco-americano Jonathan Littell ci fa attraversare le frontiere della Francia (il luogo dei ricordi e della colpa primordiale), della Germania (dove ha luogo la formazione nazionalsocialista) e allungandosi ad Est, lo scenario dove inizia il Regno della Morte.
Dalla Polonia al Caucaso.
Dal Caucaso a Stalingrado.
Una striscia di sangue che si allarga e imputridisce
"L鈥檕dore era immondo; e quell鈥檕dore, lo sapevo, era l鈥檌nizio e la fine di tutto, il significato stesso della nostra esistenza."
Tenebre.
Male allo stato puro.
Vendetta.
Pazzia.
Tutto gi脿 annunciato dal titolo:
le Benevole altro non sono che le terribili mitologiche Erinni; cos矛 chiamate per ingraziarsele ed attenuare la loro furia.
Chiudo il libro con una leggera nausea che, a dire il vero, 猫 stata costante durante questa lettura.
Non un girone infernale ma un viaggio in tutto il regno di Lucifero.
芦Allora, qual 猫 la cosa pi煤 atroce che ha visto?禄 Sventol貌 una mano: 芦L鈥檜omo, ovviamente!禄
[Lo consiglio?
Ni.
Dipende da chi mi sta facendo la domanda...]
la parola del F眉hrer ha forza di Legge.
Dovete resistere alla tentazione di essere umani"
Dentro l'Uomo c'猫 la Bestia o dentro la Bestia c鈥櫭� l鈥橴omo?
Questo ci si chiede leggendo 鈥淟e benevole鈥� quest鈥檕pera mastodontica che potrebbe essere un saggio di storia per tanta minuzia c鈥櫭� nella descrizione di manovre, armi e strategie di guerra.
Potrebbe essere un trattato etnografico con pagine che snocciolano la storia dei popoli caucasici. Potrebbe essere tanto altro se non ci fosse l鈥檜fficiale SS, omosessuale, Maximilien Aue, il cui corpo invade prepotentemente le pagine.
.
芦Fratelli umani, lasciate che vi racconti com鈥櫭� andata.禄
Cos矛 Max Aue comincia a raccontare.
In fondo 猫 solo una questione di Weltanschauung?
Una concezione del mondo con occhi diversi?
Dopo aver letto pagine e pagine in cui i sopravvissuti dell鈥橭locausto condividevano quegli atroci ricordi questo salto della barricata non 猫 facile da digerire.
Le memorie sono quelle di uomo che fa carriera nell'apparato burocratico nazista.
Un uomo colto, appassionato di musica e letteratura.
Dalla tormentata Europa dagli anni鈥�30 al termine della guerra, lo scrittore franco-americano Jonathan Littell ci fa attraversare le frontiere della Francia (il luogo dei ricordi e della colpa primordiale), della Germania (dove ha luogo la formazione nazionalsocialista) e allungandosi ad Est, lo scenario dove inizia il Regno della Morte.
Dalla Polonia al Caucaso.
Dal Caucaso a Stalingrado.
Una striscia di sangue che si allarga e imputridisce
"L鈥檕dore era immondo; e quell鈥檕dore, lo sapevo, era l鈥檌nizio e la fine di tutto, il significato stesso della nostra esistenza."
Tenebre.
Male allo stato puro.
Vendetta.
Pazzia.
Tutto gi脿 annunciato dal titolo:
le Benevole altro non sono che le terribili mitologiche Erinni; cos矛 chiamate per ingraziarsele ed attenuare la loro furia.
Chiudo il libro con una leggera nausea che, a dire il vero, 猫 stata costante durante questa lettura.
Non un girone infernale ma un viaggio in tutto il regno di Lucifero.
芦Allora, qual 猫 la cosa pi煤 atroce che ha visto?禄 Sventol貌 una mano: 芦L鈥檜omo, ovviamente!禄
[Lo consiglio?
Ni.
Dipende da chi mi sta facendo la domanda...]
March 17, 2009
The English translation of les Bienveillantes is a travesti. All the sardonic irony and the disgust of the author for his protagonist is lost; imagine taking seriously the Blagojevich defence (I am being punished for doing the right thing for the people who voted for me)!
It starts with the double-entendres (the word 'bienveillant' means 'kind' of course, but it can also denote watchfulness, or paternalism or 'meaning well', depending on the context) when ambiguity is the book's medium; then it misses the nuances of mode, tense and syntax.
There is indeed something "pointlessly depraved" and "deeply wrong" about this book: its subject matter, those ordinary people who could kiss their children goodnight and go to sleep with a clear conscience after spending each day doing hundreds of acts of degradation, terrorizing, torture and abject murder (each one of these acts would have landed them in jail had they done it to an animal). By eradicating Jews, homosexuals, insane, homeless, communists and handicapped, they were just improving the gene pool.
What this book does is make it impossible for us to dismiss the nazis as inhuman monsters we have nothing in common with. The torturers are all too human and that's why this book is so uncomfortably ambiguous. And their lack of remorse is echoed in our society too, not just by the KKK and their lynchings, or by those who set to cure homosexuality with a baseball bat, but also by those who advocate punishing the poor for their misfortune, or segregate people for their sexual orientation: the act itself is of course less despicable, but the selfrighteousness is the same.
If you can't stand to look at that, then indeed you have the power of "closing the book and throwing it in the trash". The rest of us are left with the gnawing uncertainty: how much of a hatemonger am I? It's only a matter of degree, not a difference in nature.
It starts with the double-entendres (the word 'bienveillant' means 'kind' of course, but it can also denote watchfulness, or paternalism or 'meaning well', depending on the context) when ambiguity is the book's medium; then it misses the nuances of mode, tense and syntax.
There is indeed something "pointlessly depraved" and "deeply wrong" about this book: its subject matter, those ordinary people who could kiss their children goodnight and go to sleep with a clear conscience after spending each day doing hundreds of acts of degradation, terrorizing, torture and abject murder (each one of these acts would have landed them in jail had they done it to an animal). By eradicating Jews, homosexuals, insane, homeless, communists and handicapped, they were just improving the gene pool.
What this book does is make it impossible for us to dismiss the nazis as inhuman monsters we have nothing in common with. The torturers are all too human and that's why this book is so uncomfortably ambiguous. And their lack of remorse is echoed in our society too, not just by the KKK and their lynchings, or by those who set to cure homosexuality with a baseball bat, but also by those who advocate punishing the poor for their misfortune, or segregate people for their sexual orientation: the act itself is of course less despicable, but the selfrighteousness is the same.
If you can't stand to look at that, then indeed you have the power of "closing the book and throwing it in the trash". The rest of us are left with the gnawing uncertainty: how much of a hatemonger am I? It's only a matter of degree, not a difference in nature.
January 3, 2018
In tempo di guerra il cittadino perde il diritto di non uccidere
La curiosit脿 personale mi ha portato nel corso degli anni a leggere, tra le altre cose, molti libri sulla seconda guerra mondiale, sul nazismo e sull'olocausto. Ho purtroppo trovato la maggior parte di questi incompleti, perch茅 si limitavano alla descrizione dell'effetto senza addentrarsi nella comprensione delle cause. Forse solo "Le origini culturali del Terzo Reich" di Mosse ha soddisfatto parzialmente la mia curiosit脿 di capire le ragioni per cui un popolo eccezionalmente colto come quello tedesco abbia potuto fare ci貌 che ha fatto.
In particolare mi hanno sempre abbastanza infastidito gli stereotipi tipici da film americano, il tedesco spietato che uccide per pura cattiveria, i campi di concentramento nati apposta per sterminare persone, l'organizzazione nazista un cumulo di psicopatici spietati e assetati di sangue, tutti gli altri buoni, eroici, innocenti e senza macchia.
Ho sempre avuto l'impressione che per capire ci貌 che sia veramente successo sia necessario avere uno sguardo distaccato, evitando di dare giudizi affrettati ed entrando nel merito, anche se ci貌 猫 difficile e doloroso.
Sguardo che in questo libro ho trovato finalmente; lo sguardo, come dicevo prima, di colui che cerca di capire, senza necessariamente giustificare.
Littell sceglie di usare la forma romanzo, nonostante l'approfondimento storico sia encomiabile, forse perch茅 un saggio sarebbe stato probabilmente meno efficace e interessante.
Quale punto di osservazione migliore se non quello di un giovane ufficiale delle Schutzstaffel (SS)? Perfetto, ignorante, e cattivissimo? Nooo, coltissimo, ariano e musicofilo, anche se un tantino depravato. Un uomo che in un determinato momento della sua vita si trova obbligato a eseguire degli ordini, obbligato a uccidere.
"Essere libero significa essere vassallo, come dice il vecchio proverbio tedesco"
Da lui impariamo a conoscere l'organizzazione nazista, implacabile s矛 ma anche piena dei tipici difetti burocratici delle grandi organizzazioni. Ma incredibilmente con una catena di comando cortissima, visto che quasi tutti gli ordini venivano da un ristretto numero di ufficiali di alto rango il cui dire era indiscutibile. Alla fine si trattava di una sorta di oligarchia.
La Germania nazista era una macchina. Una macchina di propaganda (efficacissima), una macchina di guerra (efficientissima), una macchina di controllo dei singoli (implacabile), una macchina di gestione del sistema stato (ingegneristicamente funzionale, anche se inevitabilmente troppo burocratica).
Per i tedeschi il volere del singolo 猫 subordinato al bene del popolo (Volk) e quindi ogni cosa deve andare nella direzione del miglioramento delle condizioni di tutti (grande differenza, nel bene e nel male, con la nostra mentalit脿!). L'uomo ideale deve essere onesto, leale, disinteressato, eroico (nel senso che si spende per il bene collettivo), non deve ammettere il compromesso, il sotterfugio e l'approfittarsi dell'altrui onest脿 (letteratura e musica tedesca sono l矛 a mostrarci eroi a modello). E l'ebreo era la rappresentazione dell'altra mentalit脿, ossia quella del singolo che per il proprio tornaconto si approfitta del prossimo "onesto".
"La pi霉 alta moralit脿 consiste nel superare le inibizioni tradizionali per ricercare il bene del Volk."
In merito agli ebrei c'erano due scuole di pensiero diverse nel Reich, una politica e una funzionale. Quella politica riteneva che gli ebrei dovessero essere espulsi/eliminati insieme a quegli elementi imperfetti che non soddisfacevano i criteri dell'individuo ideale. Quella funzionale prevedeva invece l'utilizzo di queste persone per il lavoro, fondamentale per la sopravvivenza dello stato in tempo di guerra.
Questo dualismo di visione e la burocrazia esistente di fatto incepparono la macchina. Da una parte i prigionieri venivano spostati con criteri meramente logistici nei luoghi dove potessero lavorare, dall'altra nessuno se ne curava e quindi morivano di fame e di stenti o venivano eliminati. Qui Littell in sostanza dice che i prigionieri dei campi di concentramento erano uno strumento di lavoro di cui per貌 i tedeschi si servirono in modo imperfetto tanto da ucciderne la maggior parte, facendo alla fine un clamoroso autogol. E che la morte di donne vecchi e bambini fu dovuta a carenza di risorse (da un certo punto in poi i tedeschi non riuscivano ad alimentare sufficientemente nemmeno i propri soldati), pi霉 che a una volont脿 di eliminazione.
Un punto abbastanza importante 猫 questo: i prigionieri in tempo di guerra interessano ben poco, anzi costano sforzi per la loro gestione. Da qui l'imperativo di trovare un modo per trattarli in modo efficiente. Alcuni usarono la deportazione in campi (tedeschi, russi), altri l'eliminazione diretta. In ogni caso nessuno us貌 i guanti di velluto (stupri, uccisioni, impiccagioni, fosse comuni, marce forzate fino alla morte etc).
"La guerra totale 猫 anche questo: il civile non esiste pi霉, e tra il bambino ebreo gasato o fucilato e il bambino tedesco morto sotto le bombe incendiarie c鈥櫭� soltanto una differenza di strumenti; quelle due morti erano altrettanto inutili, nessuna delle due ha abbreviato la guerra, neppure di un secondo; ma in entrambi i casi l鈥檜omo o gli uomini che li hanno uccisi credevano che fosse giusto e necessario"
Tutto ci貌 猫 ben documentato nel libro con dovizia di particolari. Alla fine, la violenza 猫 tanta da causare una sorta di assuefazione, come quella del medico che dopo un po' che opera tende a spersonalizzare il paziente per poter continuare a vivere.
"Si 猫 usato molto, dopo la guerra, il termine 芦disumano禄, per tentare di spiegare ci貌 che era accaduto. Ma il disumano non esiste. Che cos鈥檃ltro 猫 un ufficiale tedesco se non un buon padre di famiglia che voleva dar da mangiare ai suoi figli, e che ubbidiva al suo governo, anche se in coscienza non era del tutto d鈥檃ccordo? Se fosse nato in Francia o in America, sarebbe stato definito un pilastro della sua comunit脿 e un patriota; ma 猫 nato in Germania, e quindi 猫 un criminale. La necessit脿 猫 una dea non soltanto cieca, ma anche crudele. Per un tedesco essere un buon tedesco significa obbedire alle leggi e quindi al F眉hrer: di moralit脿 non ce ne pu貌 essere altra, perch茅 non c鈥櫭� niente che potrebbe costituirne le basi. Se quindi si vogliono giudicare criminali le azioni tedesche durante questa guerra, 猫 a tutta la Germania che bisogna chiederne conto e non ai singoli.
Ogni domanda nel libro ottiene una risposta, in modo diretto o indiretto. Mille pagine, pochissime delle quali ho trovato superflue (forse quelle pi霉 specificatamente dedicate al protagonista, personaggio d'invenzione, e alle sue perversioni sessuali direi quantomeno monotone). Mille pagine in cui la mia attenzione 猫 stata massima, senza mai un calo di interesse.
Come dicevo, il libro non tenta di giustificare ci貌 che successe, ma solo di comprenderne le dinamiche. Forse alla fine ci貌 che emerge chiaro 猫 che non esistono crimini di guerra. Esiste solo la criminalit脿 della guerra.
Per me un libro cardine sull'argomento.
La curiosit脿 personale mi ha portato nel corso degli anni a leggere, tra le altre cose, molti libri sulla seconda guerra mondiale, sul nazismo e sull'olocausto. Ho purtroppo trovato la maggior parte di questi incompleti, perch茅 si limitavano alla descrizione dell'effetto senza addentrarsi nella comprensione delle cause. Forse solo "Le origini culturali del Terzo Reich" di Mosse ha soddisfatto parzialmente la mia curiosit脿 di capire le ragioni per cui un popolo eccezionalmente colto come quello tedesco abbia potuto fare ci貌 che ha fatto.
In particolare mi hanno sempre abbastanza infastidito gli stereotipi tipici da film americano, il tedesco spietato che uccide per pura cattiveria, i campi di concentramento nati apposta per sterminare persone, l'organizzazione nazista un cumulo di psicopatici spietati e assetati di sangue, tutti gli altri buoni, eroici, innocenti e senza macchia.
Ho sempre avuto l'impressione che per capire ci貌 che sia veramente successo sia necessario avere uno sguardo distaccato, evitando di dare giudizi affrettati ed entrando nel merito, anche se ci貌 猫 difficile e doloroso.
Sguardo che in questo libro ho trovato finalmente; lo sguardo, come dicevo prima, di colui che cerca di capire, senza necessariamente giustificare.
Littell sceglie di usare la forma romanzo, nonostante l'approfondimento storico sia encomiabile, forse perch茅 un saggio sarebbe stato probabilmente meno efficace e interessante.
Quale punto di osservazione migliore se non quello di un giovane ufficiale delle Schutzstaffel (SS)? Perfetto, ignorante, e cattivissimo? Nooo, coltissimo, ariano e musicofilo, anche se un tantino depravato. Un uomo che in un determinato momento della sua vita si trova obbligato a eseguire degli ordini, obbligato a uccidere.
"Essere libero significa essere vassallo, come dice il vecchio proverbio tedesco"
Da lui impariamo a conoscere l'organizzazione nazista, implacabile s矛 ma anche piena dei tipici difetti burocratici delle grandi organizzazioni. Ma incredibilmente con una catena di comando cortissima, visto che quasi tutti gli ordini venivano da un ristretto numero di ufficiali di alto rango il cui dire era indiscutibile. Alla fine si trattava di una sorta di oligarchia.
La Germania nazista era una macchina. Una macchina di propaganda (efficacissima), una macchina di guerra (efficientissima), una macchina di controllo dei singoli (implacabile), una macchina di gestione del sistema stato (ingegneristicamente funzionale, anche se inevitabilmente troppo burocratica).
Per i tedeschi il volere del singolo 猫 subordinato al bene del popolo (Volk) e quindi ogni cosa deve andare nella direzione del miglioramento delle condizioni di tutti (grande differenza, nel bene e nel male, con la nostra mentalit脿!). L'uomo ideale deve essere onesto, leale, disinteressato, eroico (nel senso che si spende per il bene collettivo), non deve ammettere il compromesso, il sotterfugio e l'approfittarsi dell'altrui onest脿 (letteratura e musica tedesca sono l矛 a mostrarci eroi a modello). E l'ebreo era la rappresentazione dell'altra mentalit脿, ossia quella del singolo che per il proprio tornaconto si approfitta del prossimo "onesto".
"La pi霉 alta moralit脿 consiste nel superare le inibizioni tradizionali per ricercare il bene del Volk."
In merito agli ebrei c'erano due scuole di pensiero diverse nel Reich, una politica e una funzionale. Quella politica riteneva che gli ebrei dovessero essere espulsi/eliminati insieme a quegli elementi imperfetti che non soddisfacevano i criteri dell'individuo ideale. Quella funzionale prevedeva invece l'utilizzo di queste persone per il lavoro, fondamentale per la sopravvivenza dello stato in tempo di guerra.
Questo dualismo di visione e la burocrazia esistente di fatto incepparono la macchina. Da una parte i prigionieri venivano spostati con criteri meramente logistici nei luoghi dove potessero lavorare, dall'altra nessuno se ne curava e quindi morivano di fame e di stenti o venivano eliminati. Qui Littell in sostanza dice che i prigionieri dei campi di concentramento erano uno strumento di lavoro di cui per貌 i tedeschi si servirono in modo imperfetto tanto da ucciderne la maggior parte, facendo alla fine un clamoroso autogol. E che la morte di donne vecchi e bambini fu dovuta a carenza di risorse (da un certo punto in poi i tedeschi non riuscivano ad alimentare sufficientemente nemmeno i propri soldati), pi霉 che a una volont脿 di eliminazione.
Un punto abbastanza importante 猫 questo: i prigionieri in tempo di guerra interessano ben poco, anzi costano sforzi per la loro gestione. Da qui l'imperativo di trovare un modo per trattarli in modo efficiente. Alcuni usarono la deportazione in campi (tedeschi, russi), altri l'eliminazione diretta. In ogni caso nessuno us貌 i guanti di velluto (stupri, uccisioni, impiccagioni, fosse comuni, marce forzate fino alla morte etc).
"La guerra totale 猫 anche questo: il civile non esiste pi霉, e tra il bambino ebreo gasato o fucilato e il bambino tedesco morto sotto le bombe incendiarie c鈥櫭� soltanto una differenza di strumenti; quelle due morti erano altrettanto inutili, nessuna delle due ha abbreviato la guerra, neppure di un secondo; ma in entrambi i casi l鈥檜omo o gli uomini che li hanno uccisi credevano che fosse giusto e necessario"
Tutto ci貌 猫 ben documentato nel libro con dovizia di particolari. Alla fine, la violenza 猫 tanta da causare una sorta di assuefazione, come quella del medico che dopo un po' che opera tende a spersonalizzare il paziente per poter continuare a vivere.
"Si 猫 usato molto, dopo la guerra, il termine 芦disumano禄, per tentare di spiegare ci貌 che era accaduto. Ma il disumano non esiste. Che cos鈥檃ltro 猫 un ufficiale tedesco se non un buon padre di famiglia che voleva dar da mangiare ai suoi figli, e che ubbidiva al suo governo, anche se in coscienza non era del tutto d鈥檃ccordo? Se fosse nato in Francia o in America, sarebbe stato definito un pilastro della sua comunit脿 e un patriota; ma 猫 nato in Germania, e quindi 猫 un criminale. La necessit脿 猫 una dea non soltanto cieca, ma anche crudele. Per un tedesco essere un buon tedesco significa obbedire alle leggi e quindi al F眉hrer: di moralit脿 non ce ne pu貌 essere altra, perch茅 non c鈥櫭� niente che potrebbe costituirne le basi. Se quindi si vogliono giudicare criminali le azioni tedesche durante questa guerra, 猫 a tutta la Germania che bisogna chiederne conto e non ai singoli.
Ogni domanda nel libro ottiene una risposta, in modo diretto o indiretto. Mille pagine, pochissime delle quali ho trovato superflue (forse quelle pi霉 specificatamente dedicate al protagonista, personaggio d'invenzione, e alle sue perversioni sessuali direi quantomeno monotone). Mille pagine in cui la mia attenzione 猫 stata massima, senza mai un calo di interesse.
Come dicevo, il libro non tenta di giustificare ci貌 che successe, ma solo di comprenderne le dinamiche. Forse alla fine ci貌 che emerge chiaro 猫 che non esistono crimini di guerra. Esiste solo la criminalit脿 della guerra.
Per me un libro cardine sull'argomento.
March 22, 2009
Most of what has been said in criticism of this book has deeply misrepresented it: yes, there is horrible brutality well beyond simple war narration (which you will find in almost every post-WWI novel or non-fiction book). This brutality will disturb every reader (or should). Yes, some of the main character's sexual obsessions will make most readers squirm a bit even if they aren't exactly squeamish. But to read these elements as the basic character and most memorable aspects of the book is cherry-picking--it's not a question of poor interpretation but just poor representation of the actual experience of reading this book. The representation of bureaucracy and the rather Mann-like dialogues peppering the book are, I feel, much closer to the heart of the experience of reading the novel--this is what drives the book forward and this is what really finds a home in the reader.
I'm certainly not saying that everyone will find this book engaging, and I certainly dislike the attitude of some critics who are using this book to separate the wheat from the chaff, as it were. Asking anyone to read nearly a 1000 pages is a little presumptuous, and 1000 pages that contains maybe 75-100 extremely brutal and/or scatological pages even more so. I think the book justifies its inclusion of those 100 or so pages, and I think those 100 pages are critical to an understanding of the book, but I do not think they are, as they have been made out to be, the whole book, nor do they saturate the book. If you have merely been put off by the negative reviews, but were originally intending to read this book, please do.
I'm certainly not saying that everyone will find this book engaging, and I certainly dislike the attitude of some critics who are using this book to separate the wheat from the chaff, as it were. Asking anyone to read nearly a 1000 pages is a little presumptuous, and 1000 pages that contains maybe 75-100 extremely brutal and/or scatological pages even more so. I think the book justifies its inclusion of those 100 or so pages, and I think those 100 pages are critical to an understanding of the book, but I do not think they are, as they have been made out to be, the whole book, nor do they saturate the book. If you have merely been put off by the negative reviews, but were originally intending to read this book, please do.
September 17, 2017
Un esorcismo lungo novecentoquarantatr茅 pagine
durante il quale Max Aube, ufficiale delle SS, omosessuale, incestuoso, coprofilo, disturbato psichicamente, ma sorprendentemente psichicamente glaciale, ci prende per mano e come un novello Virgilio ci accompagna lungo un terrificante giro all'Inferno, dove li incontreremo proprio tutti i dannati: dagli ignavi agli accidiosi, dagli eretici ai violenti contro il prossimo e contro se stessi, dai bestemmiatori ai sodomiti, dai ladri ai traditori per la patria, dai lussuriosi ai golosi.
Ci immergeremo nel fango, cammineremo nella neve (come ebbe gi脿 modo di scrivere @Paolodel VentosoEst nella sua prima recensione) ci copriremo di sangue come lui, al quale, con agghiacciante cinismo, alla fine non rester脿 altro da fare che cambiarsi d'abito e, immacolato, uscire finalmente a riveder le stelle.
durante il quale Max Aube, ufficiale delle SS, omosessuale, incestuoso, coprofilo, disturbato psichicamente, ma sorprendentemente psichicamente glaciale, ci prende per mano e come un novello Virgilio ci accompagna lungo un terrificante giro all'Inferno, dove li incontreremo proprio tutti i dannati: dagli ignavi agli accidiosi, dagli eretici ai violenti contro il prossimo e contro se stessi, dai bestemmiatori ai sodomiti, dai ladri ai traditori per la patria, dai lussuriosi ai golosi.
Ci immergeremo nel fango, cammineremo nella neve (come ebbe gi脿 modo di scrivere @Paolodel VentosoEst nella sua prima recensione) ci copriremo di sangue come lui, al quale, con agghiacciante cinismo, alla fine non rester脿 altro da fare che cambiarsi d'abito e, immacolato, uscire finalmente a riveder le stelle.
April 26, 2017
"...que triste 茅 isto que encontro!
Se n茫o te interpretasse bem estaria surdo e cego,
E embora entenda o que dizes ensombra-me o pensamento."
Robert Browning, "A Toccata of Galuppi's"
1. Toccata
Jonathan Littell escreve um romance monumental sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Embora seja filho de judeus, f谩-lo sobre o ponto de vista dos nazis o que torna esta obra uma pe莽a original e fascinante, quer pelo conte煤do hist贸rico e humano, quer por abalar a consci锚ncia do leitor, obrigando-o a questionar-se sobre o que faria nas mesmas circunst芒ncias.
O livro est谩 estruturado em sete cap铆tulos, cada um tendo como t铆tulo um tema musical, ao longo dos quais o narrador, qual bailarino do inferno, subjuga o leitor perante uma dan莽a de morte, representada pela guerra e pelos dem贸nios que ela gera nos homens.
3. Courante
As Benevolentes, ou Er铆nias, s茫o as deusas da vingan莽a que t锚m como miss茫o castigar os homens pelos seus crimes (a leitura do mito de Orestes, e a sua associa莽茫o a Aue, ajuda a compreender e tirar conclus玫es acerca de algumas situa莽玫es deixadas em aberto por Littell).
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Remorse of Orestes
4. Sarabanda
Maximilien Aue 茅 um jurista que durante a guerra integra as SS, tendo como miss茫o garantir a efici锚ncia dos campos de concentra莽茫o explorando, pelo trabalho, os mais fortes e eliminando os in煤teis. Essencialmente, o seu trabalho consiste em acompanhar e vigiar os "t茅cnicos" e os "executores" e elaborar relat贸rios para os seus superiores. N茫o toma, voluntariamente, ac莽茫o nas tarefas de morte, nem se questiona muito sobre o que faz e v锚, pois entende que tem de fazer o que lhe mandam. Vive atormentado de paix茫o pela 煤nica pessoa que amou, e pelos seus fantasmas e dem贸nios que exorciza atrav茅s do sexo. Dirigindo-se ao leitor faz uma confiss茫o de quem foi, do que fez e no que se tornou. N茫o 茅 o alem茫o cruel, mas tamb茅m n茫o o alem茫o bonzinho, ou seja, n茫o 茅 carrasco nem 茅 v铆tima; 茅 apenas um ser humano que se preocupa apenas consigo pr贸prio e que faz tudo pela sua sobreviv锚ncia. Um ser, aparentemente, abomin谩vel, mas que esta leitora, a quem ele mostrou a sua alma, n茫o consegue odiar...
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait in Hell
5. Minuete
Hitler, Himmler, Mengele, Eichmann, H枚ss, Goebbels s茫o alguns dos bem conhecidos burocratas respons谩veis pela perda de milh玫es de vidas - na sua maioria russos e alem茫es - e pelo genoc铆dio de cerca de seis milh玫es de judeus, cujos planos de "solu莽茫o final" eram discutidos e fundamentados como se tratassem de insectos a exterminar por forma a preservar a sobreviv锚ncia do povo alem茫o.
Jose Clemente Orozco, The Clowns of War Arguing in Hell
6. Air
Nas minhas opini玫es sobre um livro tenho tend锚ncia a sintetizar o meu pensamento e elaborar opini玫es curtas, mas em rela莽茫o a As Benevolentes, cuja leitura foi extremamente perturbadora, os pensamentos e sentimentos atropelam-se-me e sinto alguma dificuldade em calar a mente; seria capaz de estar horas e dias a falar sobre este livro, particularmente sobre Aue que considero uma das personagens mais complexas, profundas, terr铆veis e fascinantes da literatura. Sem d煤vida, que este 茅 um dos livros mais marcantes que j谩 li e, certamente, sempre que ler ou ouvir falar sobre nazismo lembrar-me-ei de Maximilien Aue.
7. Giga
Recomendo este livro mas apenas a leitores corajosos. As descri莽玫es das atrocidades, sofridas pelas v铆timas e por alguns carrascos, s茫o de uma crueza arrepiante que nos obrigam a interromper a leitura, tentando-nos a abandonar definitivamente o livro; tamb茅m certas reac莽玫es fisiol贸gicas de Aue podem tornar-se repugnantes para um leitor mais sens铆vel; assim como a descri莽茫o das suas experi锚ncias sexuais, fora do comum, podem provocar alguma repulsa.
Se n茫o te interpretasse bem estaria surdo e cego,
E embora entenda o que dizes ensombra-me o pensamento."
Robert Browning, "A Toccata of Galuppi's"
1. Toccata
Jonathan Littell escreve um romance monumental sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Embora seja filho de judeus, f谩-lo sobre o ponto de vista dos nazis o que torna esta obra uma pe莽a original e fascinante, quer pelo conte煤do hist贸rico e humano, quer por abalar a consci锚ncia do leitor, obrigando-o a questionar-se sobre o que faria nas mesmas circunst芒ncias.
"Os fil贸sofos pol铆ticos t锚m feito notar muitas vezes que em tempo de guerra o cidad茫o, do sexo masculino pelo menos, perde um dos seus direitos mais elementares, o de viver (...) Mas raramente notaram que o mesmo cidad茫o perde ao mesmo tempo um outro direito, igualmente elementar e talvez ainda mais vital, no que diz respeito 脿 ideia que faz de si pr贸prio enquanto homem civilizado: o direito de n茫o matar."2. Allemandes
O livro est谩 estruturado em sete cap铆tulos, cada um tendo como t铆tulo um tema musical, ao longo dos quais o narrador, qual bailarino do inferno, subjuga o leitor perante uma dan莽a de morte, representada pela guerra e pelos dem贸nios que ela gera nos homens.
3. Courante
As Benevolentes, ou Er铆nias, s茫o as deusas da vingan莽a que t锚m como miss茫o castigar os homens pelos seus crimes (a leitura do mito de Orestes, e a sua associa莽茫o a Aue, ajuda a compreender e tirar conclus玫es acerca de algumas situa莽玫es deixadas em aberto por Littell).
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Remorse of Orestes
4. Sarabanda
Maximilien Aue 茅 um jurista que durante a guerra integra as SS, tendo como miss茫o garantir a efici锚ncia dos campos de concentra莽茫o explorando, pelo trabalho, os mais fortes e eliminando os in煤teis. Essencialmente, o seu trabalho consiste em acompanhar e vigiar os "t茅cnicos" e os "executores" e elaborar relat贸rios para os seus superiores. N茫o toma, voluntariamente, ac莽茫o nas tarefas de morte, nem se questiona muito sobre o que faz e v锚, pois entende que tem de fazer o que lhe mandam. Vive atormentado de paix茫o pela 煤nica pessoa que amou, e pelos seus fantasmas e dem贸nios que exorciza atrav茅s do sexo. Dirigindo-se ao leitor faz uma confiss茫o de quem foi, do que fez e no que se tornou. N茫o 茅 o alem茫o cruel, mas tamb茅m n茫o o alem茫o bonzinho, ou seja, n茫o 茅 carrasco nem 茅 v铆tima; 茅 apenas um ser humano que se preocupa apenas consigo pr贸prio e que faz tudo pela sua sobreviv锚ncia. Um ser, aparentemente, abomin谩vel, mas que esta leitora, a quem ele mostrou a sua alma, n茫o consegue odiar...
"Os que me l锚em nunca poder茫o dizer: N茫o matarei, 茅 imposs铆vel; poder茫o dizer quando muito: Espero n茫o matar."
Edvard Munch, Self-Portrait in Hell
5. Minuete
Hitler, Himmler, Mengele, Eichmann, H枚ss, Goebbels s茫o alguns dos bem conhecidos burocratas respons谩veis pela perda de milh玫es de vidas - na sua maioria russos e alem茫es - e pelo genoc铆dio de cerca de seis milh玫es de judeus, cujos planos de "solu莽茫o final" eram discutidos e fundamentados como se tratassem de insectos a exterminar por forma a preservar a sobreviv锚ncia do povo alem茫o.
Jose Clemente Orozco, The Clowns of War Arguing in Hell
6. Air
Nas minhas opini玫es sobre um livro tenho tend锚ncia a sintetizar o meu pensamento e elaborar opini玫es curtas, mas em rela莽茫o a As Benevolentes, cuja leitura foi extremamente perturbadora, os pensamentos e sentimentos atropelam-se-me e sinto alguma dificuldade em calar a mente; seria capaz de estar horas e dias a falar sobre este livro, particularmente sobre Aue que considero uma das personagens mais complexas, profundas, terr铆veis e fascinantes da literatura. Sem d煤vida, que este 茅 um dos livros mais marcantes que j谩 li e, certamente, sempre que ler ou ouvir falar sobre nazismo lembrar-me-ei de Maximilien Aue.
7. Giga
Recomendo este livro mas apenas a leitores corajosos. As descri莽玫es das atrocidades, sofridas pelas v铆timas e por alguns carrascos, s茫o de uma crueza arrepiante que nos obrigam a interromper a leitura, tentando-nos a abandonar definitivamente o livro; tamb茅m certas reac莽玫es fisiol贸gicas de Aue podem tornar-se repugnantes para um leitor mais sens铆vel; assim como a descri莽茫o das suas experi锚ncias sexuais, fora do comum, podem provocar alguma repulsa.
"Se nasceram num pa铆s ou numa 茅poca em que n茫o s贸 ningu茅m aparece para matar as vossas mulheres, os vossos filhos, mas em que ningu茅m aparece tamb茅m para vos dizer que matem as mulheres e os filhos dos outros, d锚em gra莽as a Deus e v茫o em paz."
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