Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a Russian linguist, formalist, and literary theorist.
As a pioneer of the structural analysis of language, which became the dominant trend of twentieth-century linguistics, Jakobson was among the most influential linguists of the century. Influenced by the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jakobson developed, with Nikolai Trubetzkoy, techniques for the analysis of sound systems in languages, inaugurating the discipline of phonology. He went on to apply the same techniques of analysis to syntax and morphology, and controversially proposed that they be extended to semantics (the study of meaning in language). He made numerous contributions to Slavic linguistics, most notably two studies of Russian case and an analysis of the categories of the Russian verb. Drawing on insights from Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics, as well as from communication theory and cybernetics, he proposed methods for the investigation of poetry, music, the visual arts, and cinema.
Through his decisive influence on Claude L茅vi-Strauss and Roland Barthes, among others, Jakobson became a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including anthropology and literary theory; this generalization of Saussurean methods, known as "structuralism," became a major post-war intellectual movement in Europe and the United States. Meanwhile, though the influence of structuralism declined during the 1970s, Jakobson's work has continued to receive attention in linguistic anthropology, especially through the semiotics of culture developed by his former student Michael Silverstein.
[KH] Cette lecture a 茅t茅 assez int茅ressante mais parfois trop r茅p茅titive, et trop complexe par certains aspects. L'auteur r茅p猫te souvent les m锚mes phrases, entrecoup茅es d'explications diff茅rentes, ce qui donne l'impression de tourner en rond. Des passages semblent parfois inutiles. Et certain paragraphes, surtout dans les derniers (c'est aussi peut 锚tre d没 脿 mon impatience d'en finir !) sont compl猫tement incompr茅hensibles pour moi, les phrases ne faisant plus sens dans ma t锚te, donnant des suites de mots, au hasard.
Note : 2/5. Ca n'a pas 茅t茅 une lecture inutile. Certains aspects m'ont plus mais je ne rel猫ve que le caract猫re incompr茅hensible de certaines explications.