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丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
"鬲購丿賮賳 丨囟丕乇丕鬲 鬲丨鬲 丕賱乇賲丕賱 賮賯胤 賱毓丿賲 賴胤賵賱 兀賲胤丕乇 賰丕賮賷丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 丌爻賷丕貙 兀賵 鬲賳睾賲乇 賵爻胤 丕賱睾丕亘丕鬲 廿匕丕 賴胤賱鬲 兀賲胤丕乇 睾夭賷乇丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 兀賲乇賷賰丕. 爻鬲賳鬲賰爻 賲賳胤賯鬲賳丕 丕賱賲夭丿賴乇丞 賵鬲毓賵丿 廿賱賶 丨丕賱丞 賲賳 丕賱亘丿丕卅賷丞 賵丕賱賰爻賱 廿匕丕 丕乇鬲賮毓鬲 丿乇噩丞 丕賱丨乇丕乇丞 毓卮乇賷賳 丿乇噩丞. 賮賷 賲賳丕禺 卮亘賴 丕爻鬲賵丕卅賷貙 賷賲賰賳 賱兀賲丞 賲賳 賳氐賮 賲賱賷賵賳 賳爻賲丞 兀賳 鬲鬲賰丕孬乇 賰丕賱賳賲賱貙 賱賰賳 噩賵賴丕 丕賱丿丕賮毓 賱賱賰爻賱 賯丿 賷噩毓賱賴丕 毓乇囟丞 賱賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱 丕賱賲鬲賰乇乇 賲賳 賲丨丕乇亘賷賳 賲賳 亘賷卅丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 兀賰孬乇 鬲丨賮賷夭賸丕 賵丿毓賵丞 賱賱賳卮丕胤. 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲鬲賲賰賳 兀噩賷丕賱賹 賲賳 廿乇爻丕亍 爻賷胤乇鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟貙 賱賰賳賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 賲丨賰賵賲丞賹 兀賳 鬲鬲丨賵賱賻 廿賱賶 丨賮乇賷丕鬲 鬲丨鬲 爻胤丨賴丕."
184 pages, Paperback
Published January 1, 2020
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About the author
Will Durant
809听books2,942听followersWilliam James Durant was a prolific American writer, historian, and philosopher. He is best known for the 11-volume The Story of Civilization, written in collaboration with his wife Ariel and published between 1935 and 1975. He was earlier noted for his book, The Story of Philosophy, written in 1926, which was considered "a groundbreaking work that helped to popularize philosophy."
They were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1967 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.
They were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1967 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 1,832 reviews
November 30, 2019
I am having trouble articulating the complex mix of opinions and emotions that I鈥檝e formed around Durant. Several times I have come away from his books disappointed; and yet I continue to read them. One reason he fascinates me is that he is a species of American which is now almost entirely extinct: a product of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� paradigm in American higher education.
As far as I can tell, this paradigm in education was first popularized in 1909, when Charles W. Eliot released his Harvard Classics鈥攖he so-called Five-Foot Shelf鈥攚hich consisted of 51 volumes of classic works from western history. The spirit of this idea was later epitomized in the Book-of-the-Month club, about which Bertrand Russell, writing in 1930, penned his famous line: 鈥淭here are two motives for reading a book: one, that you enjoy it; the other, that you can boast about it.鈥�
It was certainly a different time. The philosopher George Santayana and the historian Arnold Toynbee were bestselling authors, both featured on the cover of Time magazine. Will Durant, whose prose style strikes the modern ear as purple and grandiloquent, created a publishing sensation with his Story of Civilization, a series which totals four million words and ten thousand pages. And the monstrously big, 54-volume Great Books of the Western World sold thousands of copies鈥攖housands!鈥攅ven though it included works of Alexandrian astronomy, Greek mathematics, and German metaphysics, among other difficult material. One suspects that the bragging motive was the operative one in the majority of these purchases.
The spirit of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� paradigm is that of idolatry towards European intellectual history. The tone of its advocates often sound ludicrously reverential, such as this excerpt from a speech delivered on the occasion of the release of the Great Books series: 鈥淭his is more than a set of books, and more than a liberal education. Great Books of the Western World is an act of piety. Here are the sources of our being. Here is our heritage. This is the West. This is its meaning for mankind.鈥� As two World Wars wracked the European continent, and as the fear of communism and nuclear war covered the Western world with gloom, perhaps it is unsurprising to see American intellectuals and laypeople positioning themselves as the heirs of European civilization.
This idea held sway for a long time in American Universities, and perhaps is not altogether dead. The swan songs of this pedagogical philosophy can be heard in Allan Bloom鈥檚 The Closing of the American Mind (1987) and in Harold Bloom鈥檚 The Western Canon (1994), wherein both authors lament and eulogize the disappearance of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� from American universities.
Educated at Columbia during the heyday of this phenomenon, Durant was formed by the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� ethos, and perhaps was one of its most eloquent proponents. And it strikes me now that, in Durant鈥檚 writings, one finds both the virtues and the vices of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� idea illustrated with extreme precision.
Durant was broadminded and well-rounded; he could write ably about a multitude of subjects. He was tolerant, kindly, witty, and had a firm belief in human progress and achievement. His prose style was superb鈥攁 model of clarity and grace鈥攚hich he used in his quest to disseminate as widely as possible the fruits of 鈥淐ivilization鈥� (his all-inclusive term for everything good in society). Neither a genius nor a scholar, Durant was an enthusiast: he was able to write so wonderfully about historical figures because he genuinely loved and revered them; in fact, he almost literally worshiped them, as he himself admitted.
But he also had many weaknesses. First, the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� mindset caused Durant to concentrate his attention overmuch on the high-points in cultural achievement. One gets an extremely skewed picture of European history if one focuses solely on the greatest thinkers and artists. Of course, it is pleasant to contemplate these individuals, which is partly why Durant鈥檚 books are so fun to read; but such exclusive concentration also produces a kind of Pollyannish attitude, where history is seen through rose-tinted glasses, and persecutions, wars, and bigotry are not given their due鈥攁nd the banality of daily life is wholly sidestepped.
A related consequence of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� attitude is a somewhat reactionary mindset. Since Durant so often equates the old with the good, tradition with right, age with quality, he can be remarkably, and sometimes stupidly, conservative. For example, whenever Durant writes of sexual mores, he comes across as a moralizing Sunday-school teacher. For Durant, promiscuity is immoral, and homosexuality a sin. Long-term, faithful heterosexual marriages are the mark of 鈥榗ivilization鈥�. Because Durant never justifies this opinion鈥攁 habit of his鈥擨 can only conclude that this was mere prejudice on his part.
Another obvious result of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� philosophy is elitism. Durant frequently mentions in this book that talent is unequally distributed; and because of this 鈥渘atural inequality of man,鈥� the stupid majority are destined forever to toil under the dominance of the intelligent minority. Now, of course I would not disagree that people are differently endowed from birth with various aptitudes. But I am very far from believing that the inequality which we see throughout history and which persists today is simply the result of the 鈥渟kill鈥� of the wealthy and powerful. Rather, I agree with Gibbon, that 鈥淭he generality of princes, if they were stripped of their purple and cast naked into the world, would immediately sink to the lowest rank of society without a hope of emerging from their obscurity.鈥�
The 鈥楪reat Books鈥� program also has the shortcoming of emphasizing breadth over depth. Durant certainly embodies this. Although he can write about many subjects, he is an expert on none of them; and this lack of serious expertise prevented him from advancing the state of knowledge in any field. Durant鈥檚 ideology also privileges the transmission of old ideas rather than the creation of new ones. After all, if one worships the past, there is little motivation to re-imagine the future. Moreover, the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� doctrine stressed reputation at the expense of rigor. Ideas are praised for their lasting influence, their grandness of scope, their contribution to a long-standing debate鈥攂ut not for their accuracy. In Durant, this produced a man who often cared more about whether an idea was beautiful or interesting rather than whether it was true.
Fueling this tendency is another shibboleth of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� school: that simply by reading the greatest books of the ages, one could purge oneself of all provincial prejudices and look upon history as from a timeless perspective. Durant seems to think this way, as the very title of this book shows: The Lessons of History. These conclusions are not his own theses, not his own ideas鈥攂ut lessons, which Durant can gather from the fabric of history as easily as a child can infer the lesson from a fairytale. It goes without saying that this is nonsense. Durant looked at history and found his own prejudices; and this book is merely a collection of them.
I am sure you are wearied by this litany of accusations and complaints, so I will only mention in passing the other distinctive sins of this 鈥楪reat Books鈥� mindset鈥攏amely, its glorification of Europe, and only Western Europe, at the expense of the rest of the world, as well as its underrepresentation of women and minorities. This is wonderfully illustrated in Durant's plan of the Story of Civilization, wherein he dedicates one volume to all of Asia, and the rest of the eleven volumes to Europe (and none to South America or to Africa).
At this point you may be wondering, 鈥淚f Durant has so many faults, which you are apparently so acutely aware of, why are you reading so much of him?鈥� Well, this has to do with my own history. At the end of my time in college, vaguely feeling that the education I received was not worth half of what I paid for it, I picked up Allan Bloom鈥檚 Closing of the American Mind. This book had a profound effect on me. Bloom seemed to articulate my dissatisfaction with my education, as well point me in the direction where it could be rectified. As soon as I finished, I looked up the list of the Great Books of the Western World, and dove in.
Now, despite all of the faults I listed above, I must still admit that one receives a stupendous education by reading the books recommended in the program. I read rabidly, desperately, doing my best to make up for lost time; and whatever may be my intellectual shortcomings now鈥攁nd they are many鈥擨 am at least far better off than I was before I began. But of course I still have not read all of these hoary books鈥攖here are a lot!鈥攁nd this is partly why I鈥檓 interested in Will Durant: for in him, I can see the end result of my own educational project.
Unfortunately, while Durant was truly an excellent writer, for the reasons I discussed above, he was a poor thinker. This slim volume, the fruits of a massive research project, is a collection of vague homilies, baseless theorizing, and unsupported claims. It is incredible and a bit depressing that so much learning could produce so little insight. I still think I have much to learn from Durant and the other proponents of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� school鈥攁s well as from the books themselves, of course. But now, hopefully, after sorting through Durant鈥檚 writings, I will be better able to separate the good from the bad, the worthless from the valuable; for I do think, after all, that there is something essentially precious in the idea.
As far as I can tell, this paradigm in education was first popularized in 1909, when Charles W. Eliot released his Harvard Classics鈥攖he so-called Five-Foot Shelf鈥攚hich consisted of 51 volumes of classic works from western history. The spirit of this idea was later epitomized in the Book-of-the-Month club, about which Bertrand Russell, writing in 1930, penned his famous line: 鈥淭here are two motives for reading a book: one, that you enjoy it; the other, that you can boast about it.鈥�
It was certainly a different time. The philosopher George Santayana and the historian Arnold Toynbee were bestselling authors, both featured on the cover of Time magazine. Will Durant, whose prose style strikes the modern ear as purple and grandiloquent, created a publishing sensation with his Story of Civilization, a series which totals four million words and ten thousand pages. And the monstrously big, 54-volume Great Books of the Western World sold thousands of copies鈥攖housands!鈥攅ven though it included works of Alexandrian astronomy, Greek mathematics, and German metaphysics, among other difficult material. One suspects that the bragging motive was the operative one in the majority of these purchases.
The spirit of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� paradigm is that of idolatry towards European intellectual history. The tone of its advocates often sound ludicrously reverential, such as this excerpt from a speech delivered on the occasion of the release of the Great Books series: 鈥淭his is more than a set of books, and more than a liberal education. Great Books of the Western World is an act of piety. Here are the sources of our being. Here is our heritage. This is the West. This is its meaning for mankind.鈥� As two World Wars wracked the European continent, and as the fear of communism and nuclear war covered the Western world with gloom, perhaps it is unsurprising to see American intellectuals and laypeople positioning themselves as the heirs of European civilization.
This idea held sway for a long time in American Universities, and perhaps is not altogether dead. The swan songs of this pedagogical philosophy can be heard in Allan Bloom鈥檚 The Closing of the American Mind (1987) and in Harold Bloom鈥檚 The Western Canon (1994), wherein both authors lament and eulogize the disappearance of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� from American universities.
Educated at Columbia during the heyday of this phenomenon, Durant was formed by the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� ethos, and perhaps was one of its most eloquent proponents. And it strikes me now that, in Durant鈥檚 writings, one finds both the virtues and the vices of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� idea illustrated with extreme precision.
Durant was broadminded and well-rounded; he could write ably about a multitude of subjects. He was tolerant, kindly, witty, and had a firm belief in human progress and achievement. His prose style was superb鈥攁 model of clarity and grace鈥攚hich he used in his quest to disseminate as widely as possible the fruits of 鈥淐ivilization鈥� (his all-inclusive term for everything good in society). Neither a genius nor a scholar, Durant was an enthusiast: he was able to write so wonderfully about historical figures because he genuinely loved and revered them; in fact, he almost literally worshiped them, as he himself admitted.
But he also had many weaknesses. First, the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� mindset caused Durant to concentrate his attention overmuch on the high-points in cultural achievement. One gets an extremely skewed picture of European history if one focuses solely on the greatest thinkers and artists. Of course, it is pleasant to contemplate these individuals, which is partly why Durant鈥檚 books are so fun to read; but such exclusive concentration also produces a kind of Pollyannish attitude, where history is seen through rose-tinted glasses, and persecutions, wars, and bigotry are not given their due鈥攁nd the banality of daily life is wholly sidestepped.
A related consequence of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� attitude is a somewhat reactionary mindset. Since Durant so often equates the old with the good, tradition with right, age with quality, he can be remarkably, and sometimes stupidly, conservative. For example, whenever Durant writes of sexual mores, he comes across as a moralizing Sunday-school teacher. For Durant, promiscuity is immoral, and homosexuality a sin. Long-term, faithful heterosexual marriages are the mark of 鈥榗ivilization鈥�. Because Durant never justifies this opinion鈥攁 habit of his鈥擨 can only conclude that this was mere prejudice on his part.
Another obvious result of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� philosophy is elitism. Durant frequently mentions in this book that talent is unequally distributed; and because of this 鈥渘atural inequality of man,鈥� the stupid majority are destined forever to toil under the dominance of the intelligent minority. Now, of course I would not disagree that people are differently endowed from birth with various aptitudes. But I am very far from believing that the inequality which we see throughout history and which persists today is simply the result of the 鈥渟kill鈥� of the wealthy and powerful. Rather, I agree with Gibbon, that 鈥淭he generality of princes, if they were stripped of their purple and cast naked into the world, would immediately sink to the lowest rank of society without a hope of emerging from their obscurity.鈥�
The 鈥楪reat Books鈥� program also has the shortcoming of emphasizing breadth over depth. Durant certainly embodies this. Although he can write about many subjects, he is an expert on none of them; and this lack of serious expertise prevented him from advancing the state of knowledge in any field. Durant鈥檚 ideology also privileges the transmission of old ideas rather than the creation of new ones. After all, if one worships the past, there is little motivation to re-imagine the future. Moreover, the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� doctrine stressed reputation at the expense of rigor. Ideas are praised for their lasting influence, their grandness of scope, their contribution to a long-standing debate鈥攂ut not for their accuracy. In Durant, this produced a man who often cared more about whether an idea was beautiful or interesting rather than whether it was true.
Fueling this tendency is another shibboleth of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� school: that simply by reading the greatest books of the ages, one could purge oneself of all provincial prejudices and look upon history as from a timeless perspective. Durant seems to think this way, as the very title of this book shows: The Lessons of History. These conclusions are not his own theses, not his own ideas鈥攂ut lessons, which Durant can gather from the fabric of history as easily as a child can infer the lesson from a fairytale. It goes without saying that this is nonsense. Durant looked at history and found his own prejudices; and this book is merely a collection of them.
I am sure you are wearied by this litany of accusations and complaints, so I will only mention in passing the other distinctive sins of this 鈥楪reat Books鈥� mindset鈥攏amely, its glorification of Europe, and only Western Europe, at the expense of the rest of the world, as well as its underrepresentation of women and minorities. This is wonderfully illustrated in Durant's plan of the Story of Civilization, wherein he dedicates one volume to all of Asia, and the rest of the eleven volumes to Europe (and none to South America or to Africa).
At this point you may be wondering, 鈥淚f Durant has so many faults, which you are apparently so acutely aware of, why are you reading so much of him?鈥� Well, this has to do with my own history. At the end of my time in college, vaguely feeling that the education I received was not worth half of what I paid for it, I picked up Allan Bloom鈥檚 Closing of the American Mind. This book had a profound effect on me. Bloom seemed to articulate my dissatisfaction with my education, as well point me in the direction where it could be rectified. As soon as I finished, I looked up the list of the Great Books of the Western World, and dove in.
Now, despite all of the faults I listed above, I must still admit that one receives a stupendous education by reading the books recommended in the program. I read rabidly, desperately, doing my best to make up for lost time; and whatever may be my intellectual shortcomings now鈥攁nd they are many鈥擨 am at least far better off than I was before I began. But of course I still have not read all of these hoary books鈥攖here are a lot!鈥攁nd this is partly why I鈥檓 interested in Will Durant: for in him, I can see the end result of my own educational project.
Unfortunately, while Durant was truly an excellent writer, for the reasons I discussed above, he was a poor thinker. This slim volume, the fruits of a massive research project, is a collection of vague homilies, baseless theorizing, and unsupported claims. It is incredible and a bit depressing that so much learning could produce so little insight. I still think I have much to learn from Durant and the other proponents of the 鈥楪reat Books鈥� school鈥攁s well as from the books themselves, of course. But now, hopefully, after sorting through Durant鈥檚 writings, I will be better able to separate the good from the bad, the worthless from the valuable; for I do think, after all, that there is something essentially precious in the idea.
December 27, 2013
I inherited much of my father鈥檚 library many years ago, including the entire eleven volume Story of Civilization, by Will and Ariel Durant. Included in the set was the single slim volume they wrote afterward by way of an introduction, The Lessons of History. Over the years I have frequently dipped into individual volumes of the main text for research, but I never read any entire volume until my wife came bouncing into my office one evening and thrust The Lessons of History under my nose and said, 鈥淩ead this chapter!鈥� I read it, and immediately wondered why the hell I hadn鈥檛 read the whole thing long ago. I have now rectified that. Not the whole eleven volume set, but I have read that one-volume introduction and I was blown away by it.
The Lessons of History is intended to be both an introduction and a survey of human history as a product of the human experience, of man鈥檚 essential evolutionary nature. The Durant鈥檚 do not judge; they do not say this system is better than that, or peace is better than war. They do not even bang the drum of George Santayana鈥檚 often misquoted maxim: 鈥淭hose who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.鈥� What they do stress is that man will, in fact, continuously repeat the past because he cannot help himself. Man has evolved to be a particular organism with particular needs and desires and drives and responses and those are the things that influence his behavior, over and over again throughout the millennia. It will be many a long day before the lion evolves into a critter capable of lying down with the lamb, and it will be just as long before man evolves into a critter not driven by, 鈥渁cquisitiveness, pugnacity, and pride.鈥�
So what The Story of Civilization chronicles, and The Lessons of History summarizes, is the sequence of patterns of behavior that have been repeated continuously since the first known civilization(s), with 鈥渃ivilization鈥� being defined as a social order that promotes cultural creation. But it is the laws of evolution that limit civilization, so that man鈥檚 natural instincts of competition (for food, mates, power), selection (some men will always have better competitive skills than others, and so there will always be inequality), and reproduction (influenced, obviously, by competition and selection) will always be the limiting factors that cause a civilization to rise and fall. And the rise and fall of civilizations鈥攁ll civilizations that have been or are yet to come鈥攊s a given. None will last forever, and the speed with which they appear and vanish can depend on a variety of factors: geological, climatological, biological, or even political. Do you doubt that last one? Consider Communism. Primitive communism, meaning a society based on communal sharing, actually worked in hunter/gatherer societies that were constantly on the move pursuing game, but those are precisely the societies that have neither the leisure nor the wherewithal to pursue the cultural creation that defines a civilization. The moment a society depends on continuous labor to feed itself with provision for the future (as in agriculture, for example, as opposed to hunting and gathering) selection comes into play, along with its concomitant concept of private property (this patch of earth is more fertile and productive than that patch) with some men being more successful than others, and communism ceases to be an effective tool for societal survival. After all, if everything is going to be shared equally, I might as well just kick back here a take nap and let you do the heavy lifting.
Competition between individuals means I run faster, fight harder, or outwit you. In a society, that translates into war, and since man is what he is, wars will continue as long as man exists. To quote the Durants (writing in 1968): 鈥淚n the last 3,421 years of recorded history only 268 have seen no war.鈥� The only silver lining in that dark cloud is that war does stimulate the tool-using animal鈥檚 creative impulses, and occasionally those instruments designed for destruction are converted to creative and beneficial uses. Reproduction among individuals means, well, I hardly think we need go there, but in a society, it means pretty much that he who has the most children wins, which goes a long way to explaining why there are currently 7,132,780,410 people on earth, and that number will be over 7,132,800,000 before I finish this review.
But it was the repetitive evolution of different political structures that really caught my eye. The Durants used China under Wang An-shih (1068-85 AD) as an example of the failure of socialism. Wang An-shih decided the state should own and control everything, commerce, industry, agriculture, and 鈥淸succor] the working classes [by] preventing them from being ground into the dust by the rich.鈥� For a while, everything was hunky-dory, with great feats of engineering, pensions for the elderly and unemployed, an overhaul of the educational system, governmental boards in every district to administer every damn thing in the world. Sounds a little like America today, doesn鈥檛 it? But it fell apart (the Durants cite as reasons high taxes, an enormous army, and bureaucratic corruption, also much like America today), as socialism always has throughout all of history because, to quote the late Margaret Thatcher, 鈥淪ooner or later you run out of other people鈥檚 money.鈥� That鈥檚 me quoting her, obviously, not the Durants. Instead, they wrote: 鈥淭he experience of the past leaves little doubt that every economic system must sooner or later rely upon some form of the profit motive to stir individuals and groups to productivity.鈥�
As I was reading all this, I happened to watch the movie, Meet John Doe, with Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck, and its theme of Christ鈥檚 message in today鈥檚 world, and I started thinking about America today. In the movie, the success of the John Doe Clubs that spring up across the nation is due to people and communities coming together to create work for their less fortunate neighbors. Not once in the movie is there any mention of a handout or any form of money given away as opposed to earned.
The Lessons of History stresses that selection and the inevitable superiority of some people means that there will always be inequality, but not necessarily inequity. There are two forms of equality that no society can ignore without fatal consequences: equality under the law; and equal opportunity for education, because education provides the opportunity for every man to rise according to his ability. However, even if the law and educational opportunity are available for all, if the gap between rich and poor widens too much, and if there is no bridge of middleclass with which the poor can hope to overcome that gap, violent redistribution of wealth will inevitably occur. It鈥檚 one of the lessons of history.
The Lessons of History is intended to be both an introduction and a survey of human history as a product of the human experience, of man鈥檚 essential evolutionary nature. The Durant鈥檚 do not judge; they do not say this system is better than that, or peace is better than war. They do not even bang the drum of George Santayana鈥檚 often misquoted maxim: 鈥淭hose who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.鈥� What they do stress is that man will, in fact, continuously repeat the past because he cannot help himself. Man has evolved to be a particular organism with particular needs and desires and drives and responses and those are the things that influence his behavior, over and over again throughout the millennia. It will be many a long day before the lion evolves into a critter capable of lying down with the lamb, and it will be just as long before man evolves into a critter not driven by, 鈥渁cquisitiveness, pugnacity, and pride.鈥�
So what The Story of Civilization chronicles, and The Lessons of History summarizes, is the sequence of patterns of behavior that have been repeated continuously since the first known civilization(s), with 鈥渃ivilization鈥� being defined as a social order that promotes cultural creation. But it is the laws of evolution that limit civilization, so that man鈥檚 natural instincts of competition (for food, mates, power), selection (some men will always have better competitive skills than others, and so there will always be inequality), and reproduction (influenced, obviously, by competition and selection) will always be the limiting factors that cause a civilization to rise and fall. And the rise and fall of civilizations鈥攁ll civilizations that have been or are yet to come鈥攊s a given. None will last forever, and the speed with which they appear and vanish can depend on a variety of factors: geological, climatological, biological, or even political. Do you doubt that last one? Consider Communism. Primitive communism, meaning a society based on communal sharing, actually worked in hunter/gatherer societies that were constantly on the move pursuing game, but those are precisely the societies that have neither the leisure nor the wherewithal to pursue the cultural creation that defines a civilization. The moment a society depends on continuous labor to feed itself with provision for the future (as in agriculture, for example, as opposed to hunting and gathering) selection comes into play, along with its concomitant concept of private property (this patch of earth is more fertile and productive than that patch) with some men being more successful than others, and communism ceases to be an effective tool for societal survival. After all, if everything is going to be shared equally, I might as well just kick back here a take nap and let you do the heavy lifting.
Competition between individuals means I run faster, fight harder, or outwit you. In a society, that translates into war, and since man is what he is, wars will continue as long as man exists. To quote the Durants (writing in 1968): 鈥淚n the last 3,421 years of recorded history only 268 have seen no war.鈥� The only silver lining in that dark cloud is that war does stimulate the tool-using animal鈥檚 creative impulses, and occasionally those instruments designed for destruction are converted to creative and beneficial uses. Reproduction among individuals means, well, I hardly think we need go there, but in a society, it means pretty much that he who has the most children wins, which goes a long way to explaining why there are currently 7,132,780,410 people on earth, and that number will be over 7,132,800,000 before I finish this review.
But it was the repetitive evolution of different political structures that really caught my eye. The Durants used China under Wang An-shih (1068-85 AD) as an example of the failure of socialism. Wang An-shih decided the state should own and control everything, commerce, industry, agriculture, and 鈥淸succor] the working classes [by] preventing them from being ground into the dust by the rich.鈥� For a while, everything was hunky-dory, with great feats of engineering, pensions for the elderly and unemployed, an overhaul of the educational system, governmental boards in every district to administer every damn thing in the world. Sounds a little like America today, doesn鈥檛 it? But it fell apart (the Durants cite as reasons high taxes, an enormous army, and bureaucratic corruption, also much like America today), as socialism always has throughout all of history because, to quote the late Margaret Thatcher, 鈥淪ooner or later you run out of other people鈥檚 money.鈥� That鈥檚 me quoting her, obviously, not the Durants. Instead, they wrote: 鈥淭he experience of the past leaves little doubt that every economic system must sooner or later rely upon some form of the profit motive to stir individuals and groups to productivity.鈥�
As I was reading all this, I happened to watch the movie, Meet John Doe, with Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck, and its theme of Christ鈥檚 message in today鈥檚 world, and I started thinking about America today. In the movie, the success of the John Doe Clubs that spring up across the nation is due to people and communities coming together to create work for their less fortunate neighbors. Not once in the movie is there any mention of a handout or any form of money given away as opposed to earned.
The Lessons of History stresses that selection and the inevitable superiority of some people means that there will always be inequality, but not necessarily inequity. There are two forms of equality that no society can ignore without fatal consequences: equality under the law; and equal opportunity for education, because education provides the opportunity for every man to rise according to his ability. However, even if the law and educational opportunity are available for all, if the gap between rich and poor widens too much, and if there is no bridge of middleclass with which the poor can hope to overcome that gap, violent redistribution of wealth will inevitably occur. It鈥檚 one of the lessons of history.
February 13, 2008
The first thing to understand about this book is that it was written by old people. By this, I don鈥檛 even mean that they were chronologically enhanced; more that they were trapped by that inflexible mindset which places tradition and an intense desire for belonging above a natural exploration of reality.
The Durants were either intelligent people trying to reconcile their minds to the demands of the culture in which they were raised, or abject liars attempting to politick their way onto the bookshelves of the prosaic postwar American public. The doublespeak and contradictory statements make the book read like a Kerry speech.
One can鈥檛 simultaneously say that greed and hoarding are positive human behaviors and praise the charitable throughout history for their generosity, or say that fear and respect for one鈥檚 elders goes hand in hand with true creativity and individuality.
This isn鈥檛 thinking, it鈥檚 highly-skilled, well-educated apery. No wonder my father enjoys it so much, since he too is no more (and probably considerably less) than the average street kid or drug dealer. This is philosophy in its cheapest and most generic form.
In the same way that they say statistics will be used to support any point, it would seem that 3500 years of chaotic human behavior may be used in the same manner. Like anything created by mainstream Western, Judeo-Christian culture, this book seeks only to preserve the foundations upon which it was built.
I also saw a great deal of reactionary sentiment against the 鈥渦pstart鈥� 1960s youth culture.
A great deal of time is spent lamenting the decay of morality and religion (even when they, themselves agree that these things are false societal constructs designed to keep power in the hands of those in control, and not natural or even particularly healthy attributes of mankind).
鈥淚s democracy responsible for the current debasement of art? The debasement, of course, is not unquestioned; it is a matter of subjective judgment; and those of us who shudder at its excesses 鈥� its meaningless blotches of color [Pollack?], its collages of debris [pop art?], its Babels of cacophony [rock music?] 鈥� are doubtless imprisoned in our past and dull to the courage of experiment. The producers of such nonsense are appealing not to the general public 鈥� which scorns them as lunatics, degenerates, or charlatans 鈥� but to gullible middle-class purchasers who are hypnotized by auctioneers and are thrilled by the new, however deformed.鈥�
As is shown repeatedly throughout the book, the Durants believe that the only art worthy of the title is the realism of Renaissance painters, the stark geometry of Greek architecture, or the predictable mathematics of classical music. While I won鈥檛 disagree that there were certainly some artists of these eras, for the most part those who are considered by the traditionally 鈥渆ducated鈥� to be great artists are truly no more than great technicians, capable of great dexterity and numerical understanding. In my mind, true art is deconstruction of all that the 鈥渆ducated鈥� human mind holds true and certain. It is that which brings one back to the deeper, eternal, animal nature, which creates an anarchy of the soul and frees the viewer from the constraints attached by society. It is that which is capable of undoing the indoctrination of life in the modern world and creating a direct channel between the Chaos Mind and the human spirit.
The Durants were either intelligent people trying to reconcile their minds to the demands of the culture in which they were raised, or abject liars attempting to politick their way onto the bookshelves of the prosaic postwar American public. The doublespeak and contradictory statements make the book read like a Kerry speech.
One can鈥檛 simultaneously say that greed and hoarding are positive human behaviors and praise the charitable throughout history for their generosity, or say that fear and respect for one鈥檚 elders goes hand in hand with true creativity and individuality.
This isn鈥檛 thinking, it鈥檚 highly-skilled, well-educated apery. No wonder my father enjoys it so much, since he too is no more (and probably considerably less) than the average street kid or drug dealer. This is philosophy in its cheapest and most generic form.
In the same way that they say statistics will be used to support any point, it would seem that 3500 years of chaotic human behavior may be used in the same manner. Like anything created by mainstream Western, Judeo-Christian culture, this book seeks only to preserve the foundations upon which it was built.
I also saw a great deal of reactionary sentiment against the 鈥渦pstart鈥� 1960s youth culture.
A great deal of time is spent lamenting the decay of morality and religion (even when they, themselves agree that these things are false societal constructs designed to keep power in the hands of those in control, and not natural or even particularly healthy attributes of mankind).
鈥淚s democracy responsible for the current debasement of art? The debasement, of course, is not unquestioned; it is a matter of subjective judgment; and those of us who shudder at its excesses 鈥� its meaningless blotches of color [Pollack?], its collages of debris [pop art?], its Babels of cacophony [rock music?] 鈥� are doubtless imprisoned in our past and dull to the courage of experiment. The producers of such nonsense are appealing not to the general public 鈥� which scorns them as lunatics, degenerates, or charlatans 鈥� but to gullible middle-class purchasers who are hypnotized by auctioneers and are thrilled by the new, however deformed.鈥�
As is shown repeatedly throughout the book, the Durants believe that the only art worthy of the title is the realism of Renaissance painters, the stark geometry of Greek architecture, or the predictable mathematics of classical music. While I won鈥檛 disagree that there were certainly some artists of these eras, for the most part those who are considered by the traditionally 鈥渆ducated鈥� to be great artists are truly no more than great technicians, capable of great dexterity and numerical understanding. In my mind, true art is deconstruction of all that the 鈥渆ducated鈥� human mind holds true and certain. It is that which brings one back to the deeper, eternal, animal nature, which creates an anarchy of the soul and frees the viewer from the constraints attached by society. It is that which is capable of undoing the indoctrination of life in the modern world and creating a direct channel between the Chaos Mind and the human spirit.
May 20, 2022
鈥庁堌池з嗁� 诏乇丕賳賯丿乇貙 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 鬲氐賲蹖賲 诏乇賮鬲賲 鬲丕 丕夭 爻乇鬲丕爻乇賽 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賽 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿貙 噩賲賱丕鬲蹖 乇丕 亘賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賽 禺乇丿诏乇丕 賵 丕賴賱賽 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘賳賵蹖爻賲
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鈥庂堎勜� 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿: 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 讴賱 賲噩賲賵毓賴 丕蹖 丕夭 噩賳丕蹖丕鬲貙 丨賲丕賯鬲賴丕 賵 賳丕讴丕賲蹖 賴丕蹖賽 賳賵毓賽 亘卮乇 丕爻鬲
鈥庁③屫� 诏匕卮鬲賴 爻乇丕爻乇 鬲讴乇丕乇賽 賲賱丕賱鬲 亘丕乇賽 禺胤丕賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲丨讴賵賲 亘賴 丕乇鬲讴丕亘賽 丌賳 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳蹖 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇 賵 賲賯蹖丕爻蹖 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 丕爻鬲責
鈥庁ㄘ� 毓賲丿賴贁 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙 丨丿爻 賵 賮乇囟 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賯蹖賴贁 丌賳 鬲毓氐亘..... 卮賵丕賴丿賽 趩賳丿诏賵賳賴 賵 賲賵乇禺丕賳賽 賲鬲毓氐亘 賵 賲睾乇囟貙 亘蹖丕賳賽 賵賯丕蹖毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 乇丕 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 鬲蹖乇賴 賵 賲亘賴賲 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 卮丕蹖丿 倬丕蹖亘賳丿蹖 亘賴 賲爻丕卅賱 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿丕鬲賽 賲匕賴亘蹖 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲蹖賴賳 倬乇爻鬲蹖 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕夭 賲賵乇禺丕賳貙 丿賱蹖賱蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 亘丕卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳 賲賵乇禺丕賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲禺丕亘賽 賲胤丕賱亘 賵 馗乇蹖賮 讴丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 鬲賵氐蹖賮蹖 鬲賲丕蹖賱丕鬲賽 倬賳賴丕賳賽 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 賮丕卮 賲蹖爻丕夭賳丿
鈥庁操呚з嗁� 丨丕賱貙 賴賲丕賳 胤賵賲丕乇賽 诏匕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 丕噩乇丕 卮丿賳 亘爻鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 诏匕卮鬲賴 賴賲丕賳 胤賵賲丕乇賽 丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賳 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庁⒇藏ж� 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖 賴乇 丿賵 丿卮賲賳丕賳賽 爻賵诏賳丿 禺賵乇丿賴 賵 丿蹖乇蹖賳賴贁 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿. 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賵 亘乇鬲乇 亘丕卮丿 賵 睾丕賱亘 卮賵丿貙 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賲蹖賲蹖乇丿.. 丕诏乇 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 亘賴 丨丕賱賽 禺賵丿 乇賴丕 卮賵賳丿貙 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 賴丕蹖 匕丕鬲蹖卮丕賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲氐丕毓丿蹖 丕賮夭丕蹖卮 賲蹖丕亘丿貙 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 爻丿賴贁 賳賵夭丿賴賲 卮丕賴丿賽 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 亘賵丿蹖賲.. 丕夭 爻賵蹖賽 丿蹖诏乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲賴丕乇 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 亘丕蹖丿 丌夭丕丿蹖 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 卮賵丿貙 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 乇賵爻蹖賴 倬爻 丕夭 爻丕賱 郾酃郾鄯 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 乇丕 卮丕賴丿 亘賵丿蹖賲.. 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 卮乇丕蹖胤賽 爻乇讴賵亘 賳蹖夭 乇卮丿 賲蹖讴賳丿 讴爻蹖 讴賴 夭蹖乇 丨丿賽 賵爻胤 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 亘乇丕亘乇蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 亘乇鬲乇 亘賴乇賴 賲賳丿 丕爻鬲貙 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲蹖亘丕卮丿 賵 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 賴賲丕賳 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 爻胤丨賽 亘丕賱丕 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿蹖 亘乇鬲乇 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘賴 禺賵丕爻鬲賴贁 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖乇爻賳丿
鈥庁и� 鬲賵賱蹖丿賽 賲孬賱賽 丕賳爻丕賳貙 亘乇 賲賵噩賵丿蹖賽 賲賵丕丿 睾匕丕蹖蹖 亘趩乇亘丿貙 胤亘蹖毓鬲 亘乇丕蹖 亘乇賯乇丕乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 賲賵丕夭賳賴貙 爻賴 毓丕賲賱 丿乇 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿: 賯丨胤蹖貙 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴賲賴 诏蹖乇 賵 噩賳诏
鈥広┵呞� 賴丕蹖 賳賯丿蹖 賵 賲丕丿蹖 亘賴 賮賯乇丕貙 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 丕夭丿賵丕噩 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 賴賳诏丕賲 賵 亘趩賴 丿丕乇 卮丿賳賽 亘蹖 丨爻丕亘 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 趩賳蹖賳 趩蹖夭蹖 丿乇 賴乇 爻乇夭賲蹖賳蹖 賲卮讴賱 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 趩乇丕讴賴 賳乇禺賽 夭丕蹖卮 丕夭 賳乇禺賽 賲乇诏 倬蹖卮蹖 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 丕賮夭丕蹖卮賽 賲氐乇賮賽 賲賵丕丿賽 睾匕丕蹖蹖 賵 賲賳丕亘毓賽 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 賴乇 賳賵毓 胤乇賯蹖 丿乇 鬲賵賱蹖丿賽 賲賵丕丿 睾匕丕蹖蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 賲賵丕乇丿賽 賲賵乇丿 賳蹖丕夭 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇丕 禺賳孬蹖 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿
鈥庁й屬� 賳跇丕丿 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖 丌賵乇丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲丿賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲賱鬲 賴丕 乇丕 賲蹖爻丕夭丿.. 亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲 丿蹖诏乇貙 丕賵囟丕毓 賵 丕丨賵丕賱賽 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖貙 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 賮乇賴賳诏 乇丕 賲蹖爻丕夭丿 賵 賮乇賴賳诏 賳蹖夭 诏賵賳賴贁 禺丕氐 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 賲蹖 丌賮乇蹖賳丿
鈥庁②з囒� 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖 丌賲賵夭丿 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳貙 丨丕氐賱 賴賲讴丕乇蹖 賵 鬲毓丕賵賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕賸 賴賲賴贁 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 丿乇 丌賳 爻賴賲 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿.. 鬲賲丿賳 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 賲卮鬲乇讴賽 賲丕爻鬲 賵 賴賲賴贁 賲丕 賲丿蹖賵賳 鬲賲丿賳 賴爻鬲蹖賲
鈥庁ㄙ嗀й屬� 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 亘乇 倬丕蹖賴贁 丌乇賲丕賳賴丕 賵 丌乇夭賵賴丕蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 亘乇 亘賳蹖丕賳賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丌賳賴丕爻鬲 賵 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 賮胤乇蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 蹖毓賳蹖 賴賲丕賳 丕賲蹖丕賱貙 睾乇丕蹖夭 賵 毓賵丕胤賮貙 賯賵丕賳蹖賳賽 丕爻丕爻蹖賽 讴卮賵乇賴丕 乇丕 蹖讴蹖 倬爻 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇蹖貙 乇賯賲 賲蹖夭賳丿
鈥庁促堌必篡屫з� 賴賳诏丕賲賽 倬蹖乇賵夭蹖貙 賴賲丕賳 卮蹖賵賴 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘讴丕乇 賲蹖亘賳丿賳丿 讴賴 禺賵丿 賴賲賵丕乇賴 毓賲賱 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丕夭 噩丕賳亘賽 賯丿乇鬲賴丕 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕蹖賽 亘乇讴賳丕乇 賵 禺賱毓 卮丿賴貙 賲丨讴賵賲 賲蹖爻丕禺鬲賳丿
鈥庂傎堌з嗃屬嗁� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖貙 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱賽 丕賳胤亘丕賯 亘丕 卮乇丕蹖胤賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 夭蹖爻鬲 賲丨蹖胤蹖貙 丿乇 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賵 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 爻鬲蹖夭賴 诏乇蹖貙 禺賵賳乇蹖夭蹖貙 丨乇氐 賵 胤賲毓 賵 丌賲丕丿诏蹖賽 噩賳爻蹖貙 丿乇 鬲賳丕夭毓賽 亘賯丕貙 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭 賲丨爻賵亘 賲蹖卮丿.. 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕賸 賴乇 賮乇賵賲丕蹖诏蹖 賵 卮乇丕乇鬲蹖貙 丿乇 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕 賵 丿乇 乇賵夭诏丕乇丕賳蹖貙 蹖讴 賳賵毓 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賵 禺氐賱鬲蹖 丿乇 禺賵乇賽 丕丿丕賲賴贁 丨蹖丕鬲賽 賮乇丿貙 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴 賵 蹖丕 蹖讴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖 丌賲丿... 夭卮鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 丌丿賲蹖貙 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 乇賵夭诏丕乇賽 鬲乇賯蹖賽 丕賵爻鬲貙 賳賴 丿丕睾賽 賳賳诏賽 丕蹖丕賲賽 爻賯賵胤
鈥庁ㄙ� 賳馗乇 賳賲蹖乇爻丿 讴賴 丿蹖賳 亘丕 丕禺賱丕賯貙 乇丕亘胤賴 丕蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿.. 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賱賵讴乇鬲蹖賵爻貙 賮蹖賱爻賵賮賽 乇賵賲蹖 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貙 丕蹖賳 鬲乇爻 亘賵丿 讴賴 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 乇丕 丌賮乇蹖丿.. 鬲乇爻 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖賽 賲禺賮蹖 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳貙 乇賵丿賴丕貙 丿乇蹖丕賴丕貙 丿乇禺鬲丕賳貙 亘丕丿賴丕 賵 丌爻賲丕賳 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 丨賵丕丿孬賽 胤亘蹖毓蹖.. 倬乇爻鬲卮 賵 禺卮賳賵丿 讴乇丿賳賽 丕蹖賳 賳蹖乇賵賴丕 亘丕 丿丕丿賳賽 賴丿丕蹖丕 賵 賯乇亘丕賳蹖貙 蹖丕 爻丨乇 賵 丕賮爻賵賳 賵 丿毓丕貙 丿蹖賳 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 丌賵乇丿.. 鬲賳賴丕 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 禺丕丿賲丕賳賽 丿蹖賳貙 丕蹖賳 鬲乇爻賴丕 賵 賳蹖丕蹖卮 賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 丨賲丕蹖鬲 丕夭 賯丕賳賵賳 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 亘賴 讴丕乇 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳丿貙 丿蹖賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 賳蹖乇賵蹖賽 丨蹖丕鬲蹖 丿賵賱鬲賴丕 賵 乇賯蹖亘賽 丌賳賴丕 丿乇丌賲丿.. 丿蹖賳 亘賴 賲乇丿賲 诏賮鬲 讴賴 丿爻鬲賵乇丕鬲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 賵 賯賵丕賳蹖賳 乇丕 禺丿丕 蹖丕 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 賵囟毓 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿.. 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕丿蹖丕賳 賵 賲匕丕賴亘 丿乇 禺丿賲鬲賽 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕 賵 丿賵賱鬲賴丕 亘賵丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇丕賴 爻賵丿賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賳氐蹖亘賽 乇賵丨丕賳蹖賵賳 賵 賲賱丕賴丕 丿乇 讴賱蹖爻丕賴丕 賵 賲爻丕噩丿 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庂傌必囏й屬� 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖賵賳 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇 丿蹖賳 賵 賲匕賴亘 賴丕蹖賽 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賳噩丕賲 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貙 賵賱蹖 卮噩丕毓鬲賽 丕蹖賳 乇丕 賳丿丕乇賳丿 鬲丕 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 丕氐賵賱賽 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕 賵 賲毓噩夭賴 賴丕蹖賽 賲匕賴亘蹖 乇丕 讴賴 毓賯賱 賵 禺乇丿賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 賲蹖禺賳丿丿 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴賳丿貙 趩乇丕讴賴 丕蹖賳诏賵賳賴 鬲睾蹖蹖乇賴丕 賲賵噩亘賽 乇賳噩卮賽 賲蹖賱蹖賵賳賴丕 倬蹖乇賵 賲匕賴亘蹖 賵 丌丿賲賴丕蹖蹖 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 亘賴 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賵 賲賵賴賵賲丕鬲賽 丕賱賴丕賲 亘禺卮 賵 鬲爻賱賾蹖 丿賴賳丿賴 丿乇 讴鬲亘賽 賲賯丿爻 丿賱 亘爻鬲賴 丕賳丿
鈥庁池ж藏� 賲蹖丕賳賽 丿蹖賳 賵 賮賱爻賮赖 賵 丿丕賳卮 賲賲讴賳 賳蹖爻鬲.. 賲诏乇 丌賳讴賴 賮賱丕爻賮賴 賵 禺乇丿诏乇丕蹖丕賳 丕毓賱丕賲 讴賳賳丿 亘乇丕蹖 禺丿賲鬲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖賽 倬丕蹖诏丕賴 賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 賲匕賴亘蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 讴賳蹖爻賴 賵 賲爻噩丿貙 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳蹖 賳蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕丿蹖丕賳 賵 賲匕丕賴亘 賳蹖夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 鬲賮讴乇 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賵 禺乇丿诏乇丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘賴 乇爻賲蹖鬲 亘卮賳丕爻丿
鈥庁ж臂屫� 賯丿乇鬲賽 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 亘禺卮賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳賽 禺丿丕 賲蹖卮賳丕爻丿 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖賽 賵丕丨丿 賵 毓賱蹖賲 賵 乇丨蹖賲 賳丿丕乇丿.. 夭賲蹖賳 賱乇夭賴貙 胤賵賮丕賳貙 诏乇丿亘丕丿貙 爻蹖賱貙 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 亘賱丕蹖丕賴丕 賵 噩賳丕蹖丕鬲 賵 噩賳诏賴丕貙 賴賲诏蹖 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴贁 爻乇賳賵卮鬲蹖 讴賵乇 蹖丕 亘蹖 胤乇賮 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 倬丿蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖賽 鬲氐丕丿賮蹖 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 丌賳 乇丕 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 丕夭 爻乇賽 丕賳诏丕乇賴贁 賳馗賲貙 毓馗賲鬲貙 噩賲丕賱 蹖丕 鬲毓丕賱蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳賳丿... 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 倬卮鬲蹖亘丕賳賽 蹖讴 賳賵毓 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 亘丕卮丿貙 丕蹖賳 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 丕夭 賳賵毓賽 丌蹖蹖賳賽 賲丕賳蹖 賵 丨鬲蹖 夭乇鬲卮鬲 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.. 蹖毓賳蹖 賳賵毓蹖 噩賵賴乇賽 丕賴賵乇丕蹖蹖 亘丕 噩賵賴乇賽 丕賴乇蹖賲賳蹖 賲丿丕賲 亘丕 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 賳亘乇丿 賴爻鬲賳丿 鬲丕 亘乇 噩賴丕賳 賵 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲賽 丌賳 賴賲趩賵賳 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕貙 鬲爻賱胤 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賳丿.. 丕夭 賳诏丕賴賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙 禺賵亘 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賳趩賴 丕丿丕賲賴贁 丨蹖丕鬲 賲蹖丿賴丿 賵 亘丿 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賳趩賴 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖乇賵丿.. 倬爻 毓丕賱賲 賴爻鬲蹖 賳賴 鬲毓氐亘蹖 亘賴 倬蹖丕賲亘乇丕賳 丿丕乇丿 賵 賳賴 丿乇 亘乇 毓賱蹖賴 賵 夭蹖丕賳賽 讴爻蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 趩賳诏蹖夭禺丕賳 賲睾賵賱貙 讴丕乇蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖丿賴丿
鈥庁必簇� 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲賽 丿丕賳卮 賵 禺乇丿賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丌诏丕賴蹖賽 賮夭丕蹖賳丿賴贁 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 噩丕蹖诏丕賴賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賵趩讴 賵 丨賯蹖乇卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 噩賴丕賳賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 亘夭乇诏貙 亘賴 讴丕賴卮賽 亘丕賵乇賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖賳蹖貙 卮鬲丕亘 亘禺卮蹖丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丕賳爻蹖爻 亘蹖讴賳 诏賮鬲: 毓賱賲 賵 丿丕賳卮貙 丿蹖賳賽 丕賳爻丕賳賽 乇賴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕賮鬲賴贁 毓氐乇賽 噩丿蹖丿 丕爻鬲
鈥庁� 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 賮賯乇 賵 鬲賳诏丿爻鬲蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貙 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 賳蹖夭 賵锟斤拷賵丿 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲
鈥庁з嗁傎勜жㄙ� 氐賳毓鬲蹖貙 賴賲乇丕賴賽 禺賵丿貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 夭賳丕賳貙 鬲賳馗蹖賲 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻賲貙 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 丕夭 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 丨賲丕蹖鬲賽 丕卮乇丕賮蹖鬲貙 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳蹖 乇卅丕賱蹖爻賲 亘丕 乇賲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 丿乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳爻乇丕蹖蹖 賵 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇賽 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 丌賵乇丿
鈥広┴池з嗃� 讴賴 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳賳丿 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺丿賲鬲賽 禺賵蹖卮 丿乇丌賵乇賳丿貙 丌賳丕賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 禺丿賲鬲 賲蹖诏蹖乇賳丿 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賯丕丿乇賳丿 亘乇 丕卮蹖丕 賲爻賱胤 卮賵賳丿.. 賵 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賯丕丿乇賳丿 亘乇 倬賵賱 鬲爻賱胤 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿貙 亘乇 賴賲賴 爻賱胤賴 丿丕乇賳丿
鈥庁� 丨丕賱鬲賽 毓丕丿蹖 賵 丿乇讴賱貙丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 乇丕 亘乇 丨爻亘賽 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 禺賵丿 亘乇丕蹖賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賲蹖爻賳噩賳丿. 丕賱亘鬲賴 噩夭 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 噩賳诏 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 亘丕 賲毓蹖丕乇賽 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿 丿乇 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賵 讴卮鬲丕乇 賵 丕賳賴丿丕賲 爻賳噩蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵賳丿
鈥庁ж� 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 卮蹖賮鬲賴贁 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 丌夭丕丿蹖賽 丕賮乇丕丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賲爻鬲賱夭賲賽 賯賵丕毓丿蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇 丕爻鬲貙 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 卮乇胤賽 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲.. 丕诏乇 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲胤賱賯 賵 亘蹖 亘賳丿 賵 亘丕乇 诏乇丿丿貙 禺賵丿 丿乇 賴乇噩 賵 賲乇噩 鬲亘丕賴 禺賵丕賴丿 卮丿.. 倬爻 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 賵馗蹖賮賴贁 丨讴賵賲鬲貙 亘乇賯乇丕乇蹖 賳馗賲 賵 丕賳囟亘丕胤 丕爻鬲
鈥庁ж臂屫� 孬丕亘鬲 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 丕夭 賳賵毓賽 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 賵 爻賱胤賳鬲貙 爻丕夭诏丕乇鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵毓賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 亘丕 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕爻鬲.. 丕诏乇 亘賳丕 亘丕卮丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴贁 丕卮讴丕賱賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 亘乇 丨爻亘賽 乇賵丕噩 賵 毓賲乇賽 丌賳賴丕 賯囟丕賵鬲 讴賳蹖賲貙 亘丕蹖丿 賳卮丕賳賽 丕賮鬲禺丕乇 乇丕 亘賴 爻賱胤賳鬲 賵 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 亘丿賴蹖賲
鈥庁┵堎呚� 丕卮乇丕賮貙 鬲賳賴丕 倬乇賵乇卮诏丕賴賽 讴卮賵乇丿丕乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲禺夭賳 賵 丕爻亘丕亘賽 丕賳鬲賯丕賱賽 賮乇賴賳诏貙 賲賳卮 賴丕貙 賲毓蹖丕乇賴丕 賵 爻賱蹖賯賴 賴丕 賳蹖夭 賲蹖亘丕卮丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 胤乇蹖賯 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 噩賵卮 賵 禺乇賵卮賽 賵 胤睾蹖丕賳 賴丕蹖賽 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 賳丕賴賳噩丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 賴賳乇蹖 賵 蹖丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇丕鬲賽 賳丕诏賴丕賳蹖 丿乇 賳馗丕賲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖貙 丿乇 丨讴賲賽 爻丿蹖 賲丨讴賲 賵 賲丨丕賮馗 毓賲賱 賲蹖讴賳丿.. 亘亘蹖賳蹖丿 丕夭 丕賳賯賱丕亘賽 賮乇丕賳爻賴 亘賴 亘毓丿貙 趩賴 亘乇 爻乇賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖丕鬲貙 丌丿丕亘貙 爻亘讴賴丕 賵 賴賳乇 丌賲丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庁ㄘ驰屫ж臂� 丕夭 丕賳賯賱丕亘賴丕 亘乇 毓賱蹖賴 丨讴賵賲鬲賽 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 賵 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳賽 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貙 丌孬丕乇 賲禺乇亘 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕毓孬 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳賽 賳賵讴蹖爻賴 賴丕 賵 毓賯亘 賲丕賳丿賴 賴丕 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 亘賴 蹖讴亘丕乇賴 诏爻爻鬲賳 丕夭 诏匕卮鬲賴貙 蹖毓賳蹖 鬲丨乇蹖讴賽 噩賳賵賳蹖 讴賴 倬蹖 丌賲丿賽 丌賳貙 丕禺鬲賱丕賱丕鬲賽 卮丿蹖丿 蹖丕 賮賱噩賽 毓賲賵賲蹖賽 噩丕賲毓賴 丕爻鬲.. 丕夭 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 爻賱丕賲鬲賽 乇賵丕賳蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 丨丕賮馗賴贁 丕賵爻鬲貙 爻賱丕賲鬲賽 乇賵丕賳賽 噩丕賲毓賴 賳蹖夭 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 爻賳鬲賴丕蹖賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲
鈥庁з佡勜ж焚堎� 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿: 丿蹖讴鬲丕鬲賵乇蹖 胤亘毓丕賸 丕夭 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 禺卮賳 鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱賽 馗賱賲 賵 亘乇丿賴 丿丕乇蹖 丕夭 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 爻丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿
鈥庂呚官呝堎勜з嬝� 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳賽 丕賯卮丕乇賽 賲鬲賵爻胤 噩丕賲毓賴貙 讴賲 卮丿賴 賵 讴丕賴卮 賲蹖丕亘丿 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丌夭丕丿蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲馗丕賴乇蹖貙 鬲爻賱蹖 亘禺卮 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賲蹖卮賵丿.. 賳亘丕蹖丿 趩賳蹖賳 賲爻丕卅賱蹖 乇丕 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 丕賳丨乇丕賮 賵 賮爻丕丿賽 孬乇賵鬲賲賳丿丕賳 亘丿丕賳蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丕夭 噩亘乇蹖 亘賵丿賳賽 鬲賵爻毓賴贁 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丕賳爻丕賳貙 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿.. 賴乇趩賴 亘乇 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖賽 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 丕賮夭賵丿賴 卮賵丿貙 亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 亘乇鬲乇 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭賽 毓丕賱蹖 鬲乇蹖 鬲毓賱賯 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 鬲賲乇讴夭賽 孬乇賵鬲 賵 賲爻卅賵賱蹖鬲 賵 賯丿乇鬲賽 爻蹖丕爻蹖 乇丕 鬲卮丿蹖丿 賲蹖讴賳丿
鈥庁呝堏┴必ж驰� 丕夭 爻丕蹖乇賽 乇賵卮 賴丕蹖賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 丿丕乇蹖 丿卮賵丕乇鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖乇丕 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇蹖賳 倬乇丕讴賳卮 賵 倬乇丕讴賳丿诏蹖賽 鬲毓賯賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 乇丕 賲蹖胤賱亘丿 賵 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 賲丕 賲乇丿賲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 賲蹖乇爻丕賳蹖賲貙 丕夭 蹖丕丿 賲蹖亘乇蹖賲 讴賴 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 毓丕賯賱 爻丕夭蹖賲... 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賵 鬲乇亘蹖鬲 鬲賵爻毓賴 蹖丕賮鬲賴貙 丕賲丕 賯丿乇鬲賽 亘丕乇賵乇蹖賽 賲乇丿賲賽 爻丕丿賴 賵 毓賵丕賲 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 賲丕賳毓賽 亘夭乇诏蹖 亘乇 爻乇賽 乇丕賴賽 诏爻鬲乇卮賽 鬲毓賯賱 賵 禺乇丿賲賳丿蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲... 噩賴賱 賵 賳丕丿丕賳蹖 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賮乇丕賵丕賳 鬲乇蹖賳 趩蹖夭 丕爻鬲貙 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘乇 鬲禺鬲賽 賯丿乇鬲 賳卮丕賳丿
鈥庁傎� 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲賳氐亘 賵 賯丿乇鬲貙 噩夭賵賽 丨賯賵賯賽 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賳賲蹖 丌蹖丿貙 丕賲丕 丨賯賽 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲賳氐亘 賵 賯丿乇鬲 丿乇 賴乇 乇丕賴蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿 賵 賱蹖丕賯鬲 丕賵 丕賲讴丕賳賽 倬乇賵乇卮 賵 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 賲蹖丿賴丿貙 诏丕賲 亘乇丿丕乇丿... 賳亘丕蹖丿 賮乇丕賲賵卮 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 丨賯貙 賴丿蹖賴贁 胤亘蹖毓鬲 蹖丕 丌爻賲丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘禺丕胤乇賽 賲賳丕賮毓賽 诏乇賵賴 亘賴 賮乇丿 丿丕丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿
鈥庁и� 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賽 丌夭丕丿 賯丕丿乇 賳亘丕卮丿 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 卮丕蹖爻鬲诏蹖 讴賴 孬乇賵鬲 乇丕 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲賵夭蹖毓 讴賳丿貙 乇丕賴賽 丿蹖讴鬲丕鬲賵乇蹖 亘賴 乇賵蹖賽 賴乇讴爻 讴賴 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賵毓丿賴贁 丕胤賲蹖賳丕賳 亘禺卮賽 鬲兀賲蹖賳賽 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇丕 亘丿賴丿貙 诏卮賵丿賴 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲蹖 賳馗丕賲蹖貙 鬲丨鬲賽 丕賳賵丕毓賽 丕氐胤賱丕丨 賴丕蹖賽 賮乇蹖亘賳丿賴貙 噩賴丕賳賽 丌夭丕丿 乇丕 賮乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 诏乇賮鬲
鈥庂嗀纲呝� 噩賴丕賳蹖貙 亘丕 鬲賵丕賮賯賽 丿賵賱鬲賲乇丿丕賳 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕 丨丕氐賱 賳賲蹖卮賵丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 乇丕賴 倬蹖乇賵夭蹖賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 賯丕胤毓 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賴丕蹖賽 亘夭乇诏 讴賴 賯丕丿乇 丕爻鬲 賯丕賳賵賳賽 亘蹖賳 丕賱賲賱賱蹖 乇丕 丿蹖讴鬲賴 賵 丕噩乇丕 讴賳丿貙 亘丿爻鬲 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲丿
鈥庁呚� 蹖毓賳蹖 賳馗賲蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 讴賴 鬲毓丕賱蹖 亘禺卮賽 丌賮乇蹖賳卮賽 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲.. 賳馗賲蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 讴賴 毓丕丿鬲賴丕貙 丕禺賱丕賯蹖丕鬲 賵 賯丕賳賵賳貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲兀賲蹖賳 賲蹖讴賳丿.. 賵 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳馗賲蹖 丕爻鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賵 賲亘丕丿賱賴貙 亘乇賯乇丕乇 賲蹖卮賵丿.. 鬲賲丿賳 丌賮乇蹖賳卮賽 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 丌夭丕丿蹖 賵 丕賲讴丕賳丕鬲 亘乇丕蹖 丌賮乇蹖丿賳貙 鬲噩乇亘賴貙 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賵 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 賵 亘丕乇賵乇蹖 亘丕賵乇賴丕貙 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲貙 賲賳卮 賴丕 賵 賴賳乇賴丕貙 氐賵乇鬲 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿... 鬲賲丿賳 乇卮鬲賴贁 丿乇賴賲 鬲賳蹖丿賴 賵 夭賵丿诏爻賱賽 乇賵丕亘胤賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿卮賵丕乇 亘丕賮鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿 賵 丌爻丕賳 賳丕亘賵丿 賲蹖诏乇丿丿
鈥庁и� 賲丕 丕賲乇賵夭 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 讴乇丿賴 丕蹖賲貙 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 爻丕賱賲鬲乇貙 亘賴鬲乇 蹖丕 毓丕賯賱 鬲乇 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕蹖 诏匕卮鬲賴 賴爻鬲蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 爻亘亘 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇 賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 睾賳蹖 鬲乇 賵 亘乇 爻胤丨賽 毓丕賱蹖 鬲乇賽 亘賳蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲乇丕讴賲賽 丿丕賳卮 賵 賴賳乇 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲讴蹖賴 诏丕賴 賵 丨賮丕馗 賵噩賵丿蹖 賲丕 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 丿蹖丿賴 诏卮賵丿賴 丕蹖賲.. 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 乇卮丿 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳丿 賳蹖夭 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 賳爻亘鬲 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳丿
鈥庁①� 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 爻毓丕丿鬲賲賳丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲乇诏貙 鬲丕 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 禺賵卮賴 趩蹖賳蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳賽 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲賯賱 爻丕夭丿.. 趩賳蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲賽 丨蹖丕鬲 賲丿蹖賵賳 賵 卮丕讴乇賽 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 夭賵丕賱 賳丕倬匕蹖乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇賵乇丕賳賳丿賴贁 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 賵 丨蹖丕鬲賽 噩丕賵蹖丿賽 賲丕爻鬲
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鈥庁з呟屫堌ж辟� 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賽 賴賵卮蹖 賵丕乇貙 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿賴 亘丕卮賴
鈥幝聚屫辟堌� 亘丕卮蹖丿 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖禄
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鈥庂堎勜� 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿: 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 讴賱 賲噩賲賵毓賴 丕蹖 丕夭 噩賳丕蹖丕鬲貙 丨賲丕賯鬲賴丕 賵 賳丕讴丕賲蹖 賴丕蹖賽 賳賵毓賽 亘卮乇 丕爻鬲
鈥庁③屫� 诏匕卮鬲賴 爻乇丕爻乇 鬲讴乇丕乇賽 賲賱丕賱鬲 亘丕乇賽 禺胤丕賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲丨讴賵賲 亘賴 丕乇鬲讴丕亘賽 丌賳 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳蹖 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇 賵 賲賯蹖丕爻蹖 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 丕爻鬲責
鈥庁ㄘ� 毓賲丿賴贁 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙 丨丿爻 賵 賮乇囟 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賯蹖賴贁 丌賳 鬲毓氐亘..... 卮賵丕賴丿賽 趩賳丿诏賵賳賴 賵 賲賵乇禺丕賳賽 賲鬲毓氐亘 賵 賲睾乇囟貙 亘蹖丕賳賽 賵賯丕蹖毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 乇丕 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 鬲蹖乇賴 賵 賲亘賴賲 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 卮丕蹖丿 倬丕蹖亘賳丿蹖 亘賴 賲爻丕卅賱 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿丕鬲賽 賲匕賴亘蹖 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲蹖賴賳 倬乇爻鬲蹖 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕夭 賲賵乇禺丕賳貙 丿賱蹖賱蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 亘丕卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳 賲賵乇禺丕賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲禺丕亘賽 賲胤丕賱亘 賵 馗乇蹖賮 讴丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 鬲賵氐蹖賮蹖 鬲賲丕蹖賱丕鬲賽 倬賳賴丕賳賽 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 賮丕卮 賲蹖爻丕夭賳丿
鈥庁操呚з嗁� 丨丕賱貙 賴賲丕賳 胤賵賲丕乇賽 诏匕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 丕噩乇丕 卮丿賳 亘爻鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 诏匕卮鬲賴 賴賲丕賳 胤賵賲丕乇賽 丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賳 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庁⒇藏ж� 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖 賴乇 丿賵 丿卮賲賳丕賳賽 爻賵诏賳丿 禺賵乇丿賴 賵 丿蹖乇蹖賳賴贁 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿. 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賵 亘乇鬲乇 亘丕卮丿 賵 睾丕賱亘 卮賵丿貙 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賲蹖賲蹖乇丿.. 丕诏乇 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 亘賴 丨丕賱賽 禺賵丿 乇賴丕 卮賵賳丿貙 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 賴丕蹖 匕丕鬲蹖卮丕賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲氐丕毓丿蹖 丕賮夭丕蹖卮 賲蹖丕亘丿貙 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 爻丿賴贁 賳賵夭丿賴賲 卮丕賴丿賽 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 亘賵丿蹖賲.. 丕夭 爻賵蹖賽 丿蹖诏乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲賴丕乇 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 亘丕蹖丿 丌夭丕丿蹖 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 卮賵丿貙 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 乇賵爻蹖賴 倬爻 丕夭 爻丕賱 郾酃郾鄯 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 乇丕 卮丕賴丿 亘賵丿蹖賲.. 賳丕亘乇丕亘乇蹖 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 卮乇丕蹖胤賽 爻乇讴賵亘 賳蹖夭 乇卮丿 賲蹖讴賳丿 讴爻蹖 讴賴 夭蹖乇 丨丿賽 賵爻胤 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 亘乇丕亘乇蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 亘乇鬲乇 亘賴乇賴 賲賳丿 丕爻鬲貙 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲蹖亘丕卮丿 賵 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 賴賲丕賳 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 爻胤丨賽 亘丕賱丕 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿蹖 亘乇鬲乇 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘賴 禺賵丕爻鬲賴贁 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖乇爻賳丿
鈥庁и� 鬲賵賱蹖丿賽 賲孬賱賽 丕賳爻丕賳貙 亘乇 賲賵噩賵丿蹖賽 賲賵丕丿 睾匕丕蹖蹖 亘趩乇亘丿貙 胤亘蹖毓鬲 亘乇丕蹖 亘乇賯乇丕乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 賲賵丕夭賳賴貙 爻賴 毓丕賲賱 丿乇 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿: 賯丨胤蹖貙 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賴賲賴 诏蹖乇 賵 噩賳诏
鈥広┵呞� 賴丕蹖 賳賯丿蹖 賵 賲丕丿蹖 亘賴 賮賯乇丕貙 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 丕夭丿賵丕噩 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 賴賳诏丕賲 賵 亘趩賴 丿丕乇 卮丿賳賽 亘蹖 丨爻丕亘 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 趩賳蹖賳 趩蹖夭蹖 丿乇 賴乇 爻乇夭賲蹖賳蹖 賲卮讴賱 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 趩乇丕讴賴 賳乇禺賽 夭丕蹖卮 丕夭 賳乇禺賽 賲乇诏 倬蹖卮蹖 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 丕賮夭丕蹖卮賽 賲氐乇賮賽 賲賵丕丿賽 睾匕丕蹖蹖 賵 賲賳丕亘毓賽 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 賴乇 賳賵毓 胤乇賯蹖 丿乇 鬲賵賱蹖丿賽 賲賵丕丿 睾匕丕蹖蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 賲賵丕乇丿賽 賲賵乇丿 賳蹖丕夭 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇丕 禺賳孬蹖 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿
鈥庁й屬� 賳跇丕丿 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖 丌賵乇丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲丿賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲賱鬲 賴丕 乇丕 賲蹖爻丕夭丿.. 亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲 丿蹖诏乇貙 丕賵囟丕毓 賵 丕丨賵丕賱賽 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖貙 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 賮乇賴賳诏 乇丕 賲蹖爻丕夭丿 賵 賮乇賴賳诏 賳蹖夭 诏賵賳賴贁 禺丕氐 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 賲蹖 丌賮乇蹖賳丿
鈥庁②з囒� 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖 丌賲賵夭丿 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳貙 丨丕氐賱 賴賲讴丕乇蹖 賵 鬲毓丕賵賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕賸 賴賲賴贁 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 丿乇 丌賳 爻賴賲 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿.. 鬲賲丿賳 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 賲卮鬲乇讴賽 賲丕爻鬲 賵 賴賲賴贁 賲丕 賲丿蹖賵賳 鬲賲丿賳 賴爻鬲蹖賲
鈥庁ㄙ嗀й屬� 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 亘乇 倬丕蹖賴贁 丌乇賲丕賳賴丕 賵 丌乇夭賵賴丕蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 亘乇 亘賳蹖丕賳賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丌賳賴丕爻鬲 賵 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 賮胤乇蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 蹖毓賳蹖 賴賲丕賳 丕賲蹖丕賱貙 睾乇丕蹖夭 賵 毓賵丕胤賮貙 賯賵丕賳蹖賳賽 丕爻丕爻蹖賽 讴卮賵乇賴丕 乇丕 蹖讴蹖 倬爻 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇蹖貙 乇賯賲 賲蹖夭賳丿
鈥庁促堌必篡屫з� 賴賳诏丕賲賽 倬蹖乇賵夭蹖貙 賴賲丕賳 卮蹖賵賴 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘讴丕乇 賲蹖亘賳丿賳丿 讴賴 禺賵丿 賴賲賵丕乇賴 毓賲賱 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丕夭 噩丕賳亘賽 賯丿乇鬲賴丕 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕蹖賽 亘乇讴賳丕乇 賵 禺賱毓 卮丿賴貙 賲丨讴賵賲 賲蹖爻丕禺鬲賳丿
鈥庂傎堌з嗃屬嗁� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖貙 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱賽 丕賳胤亘丕賯 亘丕 卮乇丕蹖胤賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 夭蹖爻鬲 賲丨蹖胤蹖貙 丿乇 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賵 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 爻鬲蹖夭賴 诏乇蹖貙 禺賵賳乇蹖夭蹖貙 丨乇氐 賵 胤賲毓 賵 丌賲丕丿诏蹖賽 噩賳爻蹖貙 丿乇 鬲賳丕夭毓賽 亘賯丕貙 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭 賲丨爻賵亘 賲蹖卮丿.. 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕賸 賴乇 賮乇賵賲丕蹖诏蹖 賵 卮乇丕乇鬲蹖貙 丿乇 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕 賵 丿乇 乇賵夭诏丕乇丕賳蹖貙 蹖讴 賳賵毓 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賵 禺氐賱鬲蹖 丿乇 禺賵乇賽 丕丿丕賲賴贁 丨蹖丕鬲賽 賮乇丿貙 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴 賵 蹖丕 蹖讴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖 丌賲丿... 夭卮鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 丌丿賲蹖貙 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 乇賵夭诏丕乇賽 鬲乇賯蹖賽 丕賵爻鬲貙 賳賴 丿丕睾賽 賳賳诏賽 丕蹖丕賲賽 爻賯賵胤
鈥庁ㄙ� 賳馗乇 賳賲蹖乇爻丿 讴賴 丿蹖賳 亘丕 丕禺賱丕賯貙 乇丕亘胤賴 丕蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿.. 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賱賵讴乇鬲蹖賵爻貙 賮蹖賱爻賵賮賽 乇賵賲蹖 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貙 丕蹖賳 鬲乇爻 亘賵丿 讴賴 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 乇丕 丌賮乇蹖丿.. 鬲乇爻 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖賽 賲禺賮蹖 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳貙 乇賵丿賴丕貙 丿乇蹖丕賴丕貙 丿乇禺鬲丕賳貙 亘丕丿賴丕 賵 丌爻賲丕賳 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 丨賵丕丿孬賽 胤亘蹖毓蹖.. 倬乇爻鬲卮 賵 禺卮賳賵丿 讴乇丿賳賽 丕蹖賳 賳蹖乇賵賴丕 亘丕 丿丕丿賳賽 賴丿丕蹖丕 賵 賯乇亘丕賳蹖貙 蹖丕 爻丨乇 賵 丕賮爻賵賳 賵 丿毓丕貙 丿蹖賳 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 丌賵乇丿.. 鬲賳賴丕 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 禺丕丿賲丕賳賽 丿蹖賳貙 丕蹖賳 鬲乇爻賴丕 賵 賳蹖丕蹖卮 賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 丨賲丕蹖鬲 丕夭 賯丕賳賵賳 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 亘賴 讴丕乇 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳丿貙 丿蹖賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 賳蹖乇賵蹖賽 丨蹖丕鬲蹖 丿賵賱鬲賴丕 賵 乇賯蹖亘賽 丌賳賴丕 丿乇丌賲丿.. 丿蹖賳 亘賴 賲乇丿賲 诏賮鬲 讴賴 丿爻鬲賵乇丕鬲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 賵 賯賵丕賳蹖賳 乇丕 禺丿丕 蹖丕 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 賵囟毓 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿.. 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕丿蹖丕賳 賵 賲匕丕賴亘 丿乇 禺丿賲鬲賽 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕 賵 丿賵賱鬲賴丕 亘賵丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇丕賴 爻賵丿賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賳氐蹖亘賽 乇賵丨丕賳蹖賵賳 賵 賲賱丕賴丕 丿乇 讴賱蹖爻丕賴丕 賵 賲爻丕噩丿 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庂傌必囏й屬� 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖賵賳 丿乇 胤賵賱賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇 丿蹖賳 賵 賲匕賴亘 賴丕蹖賽 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賳噩丕賲 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貙 賵賱蹖 卮噩丕毓鬲賽 丕蹖賳 乇丕 賳丿丕乇賳丿 鬲丕 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 丕氐賵賱賽 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕 賵 賲毓噩夭賴 賴丕蹖賽 賲匕賴亘蹖 乇丕 讴賴 毓賯賱 賵 禺乇丿賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 賲蹖禺賳丿丿 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴賳丿貙 趩乇丕讴賴 丕蹖賳诏賵賳賴 鬲睾蹖蹖乇賴丕 賲賵噩亘賽 乇賳噩卮賽 賲蹖賱蹖賵賳賴丕 倬蹖乇賵 賲匕賴亘蹖 賵 丌丿賲賴丕蹖蹖 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 亘賴 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賵 賲賵賴賵賲丕鬲賽 丕賱賴丕賲 亘禺卮 賵 鬲爻賱賾蹖 丿賴賳丿賴 丿乇 讴鬲亘賽 賲賯丿爻 丿賱 亘爻鬲賴 丕賳丿
鈥庁池ж藏� 賲蹖丕賳賽 丿蹖賳 賵 賮賱爻賮赖 賵 丿丕賳卮 賲賲讴賳 賳蹖爻鬲.. 賲诏乇 丌賳讴賴 賮賱丕爻賮賴 賵 禺乇丿诏乇丕蹖丕賳 丕毓賱丕賲 讴賳賳丿 亘乇丕蹖 禺丿賲鬲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖賽 倬丕蹖诏丕賴 賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 賲匕賴亘蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 讴賳蹖爻賴 賵 賲爻噩丿貙 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳蹖 賳蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕丿蹖丕賳 賵 賲匕丕賴亘 賳蹖夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 鬲賮讴乇 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賵 禺乇丿诏乇丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘賴 乇爻賲蹖鬲 亘卮賳丕爻丿
鈥庁ж臂屫� 賯丿乇鬲賽 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 亘禺卮賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳賽 禺丿丕 賲蹖卮賳丕爻丿 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖賽 賵丕丨丿 賵 毓賱蹖賲 賵 乇丨蹖賲 賳丿丕乇丿.. 夭賲蹖賳 賱乇夭賴貙 胤賵賮丕賳貙 诏乇丿亘丕丿貙 爻蹖賱貙 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 亘賱丕蹖丕賴丕 賵 噩賳丕蹖丕鬲 賵 噩賳诏賴丕貙 賴賲诏蹖 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴贁 爻乇賳賵卮鬲蹖 讴賵乇 蹖丕 亘蹖 胤乇賮 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 倬丿蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖賽 鬲氐丕丿賮蹖 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 丌賳 乇丕 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 丕夭 爻乇賽 丕賳诏丕乇賴贁 賳馗賲貙 毓馗賲鬲貙 噩賲丕賱 蹖丕 鬲毓丕賱蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳賳丿... 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 倬卮鬲蹖亘丕賳賽 蹖讴 賳賵毓 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 亘丕卮丿貙 丕蹖賳 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 丕夭 賳賵毓賽 丌蹖蹖賳賽 賲丕賳蹖 賵 丨鬲蹖 夭乇鬲卮鬲 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.. 蹖毓賳蹖 賳賵毓蹖 噩賵賴乇賽 丕賴賵乇丕蹖蹖 亘丕 噩賵賴乇賽 丕賴乇蹖賲賳蹖 賲丿丕賲 亘丕 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 賳亘乇丿 賴爻鬲賳丿 鬲丕 亘乇 噩賴丕賳 賵 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲賽 丌賳 賴賲趩賵賳 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕貙 鬲爻賱胤 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賳丿.. 丕夭 賳诏丕賴賽 胤亘蹖毓鬲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙 禺賵亘 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賳趩賴 丕丿丕賲賴贁 丨蹖丕鬲 賲蹖丿賴丿 賵 亘丿 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賳趩賴 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖乇賵丿.. 倬爻 毓丕賱賲 賴爻鬲蹖 賳賴 鬲毓氐亘蹖 亘賴 倬蹖丕賲亘乇丕賳 丿丕乇丿 賵 賳賴 丿乇 亘乇 毓賱蹖賴 賵 夭蹖丕賳賽 讴爻蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 趩賳诏蹖夭禺丕賳 賲睾賵賱貙 讴丕乇蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖丿賴丿
鈥庁必簇� 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲賽 丿丕賳卮 賵 禺乇丿賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丌诏丕賴蹖賽 賮夭丕蹖賳丿賴贁 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 噩丕蹖诏丕賴賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賵趩讴 賵 丨賯蹖乇卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 噩賴丕賳賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 亘夭乇诏貙 亘賴 讴丕賴卮賽 亘丕賵乇賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖賳蹖貙 卮鬲丕亘 亘禺卮蹖丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丕賳爻蹖爻 亘蹖讴賳 诏賮鬲: 毓賱賲 賵 丿丕賳卮貙 丿蹖賳賽 丕賳爻丕賳賽 乇賴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕賮鬲賴贁 毓氐乇賽 噩丿蹖丿 丕爻鬲
鈥庁� 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 賮賯乇 賵 鬲賳诏丿爻鬲蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貙 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 賳蹖夭 賵锟斤拷賵丿 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲
鈥庁з嗁傎勜жㄙ� 氐賳毓鬲蹖貙 賴賲乇丕賴賽 禺賵丿貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 夭賳丕賳貙 鬲賳馗蹖賲 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻賲貙 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 丕夭 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 丨賲丕蹖鬲賽 丕卮乇丕賮蹖鬲貙 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳蹖 乇卅丕賱蹖爻賲 亘丕 乇賲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 丿乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳爻乇丕蹖蹖 賵 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇賽 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖賽 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 丌賵乇丿
鈥広┴池з嗃� 讴賴 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳賳丿 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺丿賲鬲賽 禺賵蹖卮 丿乇丌賵乇賳丿貙 丌賳丕賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 禺丿賲鬲 賲蹖诏蹖乇賳丿 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賯丕丿乇賳丿 亘乇 丕卮蹖丕 賲爻賱胤 卮賵賳丿.. 賵 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賯丕丿乇賳丿 亘乇 倬賵賱 鬲爻賱胤 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿貙 亘乇 賴賲賴 爻賱胤賴 丿丕乇賳丿
鈥庁� 丨丕賱鬲賽 毓丕丿蹖 賵 丿乇讴賱貙丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 乇丕 亘乇 丨爻亘賽 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 禺賵丿 亘乇丕蹖賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賲蹖爻賳噩賳丿. 丕賱亘鬲賴 噩夭 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 噩賳诏 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 亘丕 賲毓蹖丕乇賽 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿 丿乇 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賵 讴卮鬲丕乇 賵 丕賳賴丿丕賲 爻賳噩蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵賳丿
鈥庁ж� 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 卮蹖賮鬲賴贁 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 丌夭丕丿蹖賽 丕賮乇丕丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賲爻鬲賱夭賲賽 賯賵丕毓丿蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇 丕爻鬲貙 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 卮乇胤賽 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲.. 丕诏乇 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲胤賱賯 賵 亘蹖 亘賳丿 賵 亘丕乇 诏乇丿丿貙 禺賵丿 丿乇 賴乇噩 賵 賲乇噩 鬲亘丕賴 禺賵丕賴丿 卮丿.. 倬爻 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 賵馗蹖賮賴贁 丨讴賵賲鬲貙 亘乇賯乇丕乇蹖 賳馗賲 賵 丕賳囟亘丕胤 丕爻鬲
鈥庁ж臂屫� 孬丕亘鬲 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 丕夭 賳賵毓賽 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 賵 爻賱胤賳鬲貙 爻丕夭诏丕乇鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵毓賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 亘丕 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕爻鬲.. 丕诏乇 亘賳丕 亘丕卮丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴贁 丕卮讴丕賱賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 亘乇 丨爻亘賽 乇賵丕噩 賵 毓賲乇賽 丌賳賴丕 賯囟丕賵鬲 讴賳蹖賲貙 亘丕蹖丿 賳卮丕賳賽 丕賮鬲禺丕乇 乇丕 亘賴 爻賱胤賳鬲 賵 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 亘丿賴蹖賲
鈥庁┵堎呚� 丕卮乇丕賮貙 鬲賳賴丕 倬乇賵乇卮诏丕賴賽 讴卮賵乇丿丕乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲禺夭賳 賵 丕爻亘丕亘賽 丕賳鬲賯丕賱賽 賮乇賴賳诏貙 賲賳卮 賴丕貙 賲毓蹖丕乇賴丕 賵 爻賱蹖賯賴 賴丕 賳蹖夭 賲蹖亘丕卮丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 胤乇蹖賯 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 噩賵卮 賵 禺乇賵卮賽 賵 胤睾蹖丕賳 賴丕蹖賽 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 賳丕賴賳噩丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖賽 賴賳乇蹖 賵 蹖丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇丕鬲賽 賳丕诏賴丕賳蹖 丿乇 賳馗丕賲賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖貙 丿乇 丨讴賲賽 爻丿蹖 賲丨讴賲 賵 賲丨丕賮馗 毓賲賱 賲蹖讴賳丿.. 亘亘蹖賳蹖丿 丕夭 丕賳賯賱丕亘賽 賮乇丕賳爻賴 亘賴 亘毓丿貙 趩賴 亘乇 爻乇賽 丕禺賱丕賯蹖丕鬲貙 丌丿丕亘貙 爻亘讴賴丕 賵 賴賳乇 丌賲丿賴 丕爻鬲
鈥庁ㄘ驰屫ж臂� 丕夭 丕賳賯賱丕亘賴丕 亘乇 毓賱蹖賴 丨讴賵賲鬲賽 倬丕丿卮丕賴蹖 賵 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳賽 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貙 丌孬丕乇 賲禺乇亘 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕毓孬 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳賽 賳賵讴蹖爻賴 賴丕 賵 毓賯亘 賲丕賳丿賴 賴丕 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 亘賴 蹖讴亘丕乇賴 诏爻爻鬲賳 丕夭 诏匕卮鬲賴貙 蹖毓賳蹖 鬲丨乇蹖讴賽 噩賳賵賳蹖 讴賴 倬蹖 丌賲丿賽 丌賳貙 丕禺鬲賱丕賱丕鬲賽 卮丿蹖丿 蹖丕 賮賱噩賽 毓賲賵賲蹖賽 噩丕賲毓賴 丕爻鬲.. 丕夭 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 爻賱丕賲鬲賽 乇賵丕賳蹖賽 丕賳爻丕賳 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 丨丕賮馗賴贁 丕賵爻鬲貙 爻賱丕賲鬲賽 乇賵丕賳賽 噩丕賲毓賴 賳蹖夭 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 爻賳鬲賴丕蹖賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲
鈥庁з佡勜ж焚堎� 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿: 丿蹖讴鬲丕鬲賵乇蹖 胤亘毓丕賸 丕夭 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 禺卮賳 鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱賽 馗賱賲 賵 亘乇丿賴 丿丕乇蹖 丕夭 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 爻丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿
鈥庂呚官呝堎勜з嬝� 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳賽 丕賯卮丕乇賽 賲鬲賵爻胤 噩丕賲毓賴貙 讴賲 卮丿賴 賵 讴丕賴卮 賲蹖丕亘丿 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丌夭丕丿蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲馗丕賴乇蹖貙 鬲爻賱蹖 亘禺卮 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賲蹖卮賵丿.. 賳亘丕蹖丿 趩賳蹖賳 賲爻丕卅賱蹖 乇丕 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 丕賳丨乇丕賮 賵 賮爻丕丿賽 孬乇賵鬲賲賳丿丕賳 亘丿丕賳蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丕夭 噩亘乇蹖 亘賵丿賳賽 鬲賵爻毓賴贁 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 胤亘蹖毓鬲賽 丕賳爻丕賳貙 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿.. 賴乇趩賴 亘乇 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖賽 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 丕賮夭賵丿賴 卮賵丿貙 亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賽 亘乇鬲乇 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭賽 毓丕賱蹖 鬲乇蹖 鬲毓賱賯 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 賵 鬲賲乇讴夭賽 孬乇賵鬲 賵 賲爻卅賵賱蹖鬲 賵 賯丿乇鬲賽 爻蹖丕爻蹖 乇丕 鬲卮丿蹖丿 賲蹖讴賳丿
鈥庁呝堏┴必ж驰� 丕夭 爻丕蹖乇賽 乇賵卮 賴丕蹖賽 丨讴賵賲鬲 丿丕乇蹖 丿卮賵丕乇鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖乇丕 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇蹖賳 倬乇丕讴賳卮 賵 倬乇丕讴賳丿诏蹖賽 鬲毓賯賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 乇丕 賲蹖胤賱亘丿 賵 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 賲丕 賲乇丿賲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 賲蹖乇爻丕賳蹖賲貙 丕夭 蹖丕丿 賲蹖亘乇蹖賲 讴賴 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 毓丕賯賱 爻丕夭蹖賲... 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賵 鬲乇亘蹖鬲 鬲賵爻毓賴 蹖丕賮鬲賴貙 丕賲丕 賯丿乇鬲賽 亘丕乇賵乇蹖賽 賲乇丿賲賽 爻丕丿賴 賵 毓賵丕賲 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 賲丕賳毓賽 亘夭乇诏蹖 亘乇 爻乇賽 乇丕賴賽 诏爻鬲乇卮賽 鬲毓賯賱 賵 禺乇丿賲賳丿蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲... 噩賴賱 賵 賳丕丿丕賳蹖 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賮乇丕賵丕賳 鬲乇蹖賳 趩蹖夭 丕爻鬲貙 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘乇 鬲禺鬲賽 賯丿乇鬲 賳卮丕賳丿
鈥庁傎� 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲賳氐亘 賵 賯丿乇鬲貙 噩夭賵賽 丨賯賵賯賽 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賳賲蹖 丌蹖丿貙 丕賲丕 丨賯賽 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲賳氐亘 賵 賯丿乇鬲 丿乇 賴乇 乇丕賴蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿 賵 賱蹖丕賯鬲 丕賵 丕賲讴丕賳賽 倬乇賵乇卮 賵 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 賲蹖丿賴丿貙 诏丕賲 亘乇丿丕乇丿... 賳亘丕蹖丿 賮乇丕賲賵卮 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 丨賯貙 賴丿蹖賴贁 胤亘蹖毓鬲 蹖丕 丌爻賲丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘禺丕胤乇賽 賲賳丕賮毓賽 诏乇賵賴 亘賴 賮乇丿 丿丕丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿
鈥庁и� 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賽 丌夭丕丿 賯丕丿乇 賳亘丕卮丿 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 卮丕蹖爻鬲诏蹖 讴賴 孬乇賵鬲 乇丕 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲賵夭蹖毓 讴賳丿貙 乇丕賴賽 丿蹖讴鬲丕鬲賵乇蹖 亘賴 乇賵蹖賽 賴乇讴爻 讴賴 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賵毓丿賴贁 丕胤賲蹖賳丕賳 亘禺卮賽 鬲兀賲蹖賳賽 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇丕 亘丿賴丿貙 诏卮賵丿賴 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲蹖 賳馗丕賲蹖貙 鬲丨鬲賽 丕賳賵丕毓賽 丕氐胤賱丕丨 賴丕蹖賽 賮乇蹖亘賳丿賴貙 噩賴丕賳賽 丌夭丕丿 乇丕 賮乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 诏乇賮鬲
鈥庂嗀纲呝� 噩賴丕賳蹖貙 亘丕 鬲賵丕賮賯賽 丿賵賱鬲賲乇丿丕賳 賵 丨讴賵賲鬲賴丕 丨丕氐賱 賳賲蹖卮賵丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 乇丕賴 倬蹖乇賵夭蹖賽 亘爻蹖丕乇 賯丕胤毓 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賴丕蹖賽 亘夭乇诏 讴賴 賯丕丿乇 丕爻鬲 賯丕賳賵賳賽 亘蹖賳 丕賱賲賱賱蹖 乇丕 丿蹖讴鬲賴 賵 丕噩乇丕 讴賳丿貙 亘丿爻鬲 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲丿
鈥庁呚� 蹖毓賳蹖 賳馗賲蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 讴賴 鬲毓丕賱蹖 亘禺卮賽 丌賮乇蹖賳卮賽 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲.. 賳馗賲蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 讴賴 毓丕丿鬲賴丕貙 丕禺賱丕賯蹖丕鬲 賵 賯丕賳賵賳貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲兀賲蹖賳 賲蹖讴賳丿.. 賵 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳馗賲蹖 丕爻鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕 鬲丿丕賵賲賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賵 賲亘丕丿賱賴貙 亘乇賯乇丕乇 賲蹖卮賵丿.. 鬲賲丿賳 丌賮乇蹖賳卮賽 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 丌夭丕丿蹖 賵 丕賲讴丕賳丕鬲 亘乇丕蹖 丌賮乇蹖丿賳貙 鬲噩乇亘賴貙 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賵 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 賵 亘丕乇賵乇蹖 亘丕賵乇賴丕貙 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲貙 賲賳卮 賴丕 賵 賴賳乇賴丕貙 氐賵乇鬲 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿... 鬲賲丿賳 乇卮鬲賴贁 丿乇賴賲 鬲賳蹖丿賴 賵 夭賵丿诏爻賱賽 乇賵丕亘胤賽 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿卮賵丕乇 亘丕賮鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿 賵 丌爻丕賳 賳丕亘賵丿 賲蹖诏乇丿丿
鈥庁и� 賲丕 丕賲乇賵夭 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 讴乇丿賴 丕蹖賲貙 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 爻丕賱賲鬲乇貙 亘賴鬲乇 蹖丕 毓丕賯賱 鬲乇 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕蹖 诏匕卮鬲賴 賴爻鬲蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 爻亘亘 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇 賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 睾賳蹖 鬲乇 賵 亘乇 爻胤丨賽 毓丕賱蹖 鬲乇賽 亘賳蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲乇丕讴賲賽 丿丕賳卮 賵 賴賳乇 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賽 鬲讴蹖賴 诏丕賴 賵 丨賮丕馗 賵噩賵丿蹖 賲丕 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 丿蹖丿賴 诏卮賵丿賴 丕蹖賲.. 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 乇卮丿 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳丿 賳蹖夭 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 賳爻亘鬲 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳丿
鈥庁①� 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 爻毓丕丿鬲賲賳丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲乇诏貙 鬲丕 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 禺賵卮賴 趩蹖賳蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳賽 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲賯賱 爻丕夭丿.. 趩賳蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲賽 丨蹖丕鬲 賲丿蹖賵賳 賵 卮丕讴乇賽 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬賽 夭賵丕賱 賳丕倬匕蹖乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇賵乇丕賳賳丿賴贁 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 賵 丨蹖丕鬲賽 噩丕賵蹖丿賽 賲丕爻鬲
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鈥庁з呟屫堌ж辟� 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賽 賴賵卮蹖 賵丕乇貙 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿賴 亘丕卮賴
鈥幝聚屫辟堌� 亘丕卮蹖丿 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖禄
November 20, 2023
The audio version is delightful. It enhances the original text with interviews that are relevant to each section. The intimacy between Will and Ariel is a treat. Their playful arm wrestling over ideas and concepts makes for a better interview. Sure, their world view is older...although he was a radical of his time. But even for the faults, it's a delight to linger in his mind. And an honor to be in the presence of Ariel's spirit.
July 17, 2022
丿乇 毓蹖賳 讴賲 丨噩賲 亘賵丿賳 倬乇亘丕乇 賵 噩丕賱亘賴. 讴鬲丕亘 卮丕賲賱 13 賮氐賱賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 賴乇 讴丿賵賲 蹖讴 賲爻卅賱賴 鬲丕孬蹖乇 诏匕丕乇 乇賵蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 鬲賲丿賳 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 賲孬賱丕 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 賳跇丕丿貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 丕禺賱丕賯貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 丿蹖賳 賵 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳 卮讴賱 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮. 亘乇丕蹖 卮禺氐 賲賳 亘禺卮 丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丨讴賵賲鬲 丿乇 丿乇噩賴 蹖 丕賵賱 賵 亘禺卮 噩賳诏 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕賵賳 丕夭 噩匕丕亘 鬲乇蹖賳 亘禺卮 賴丕 亘賵丿賳. 賳讴鬲賴 蹖 賲賴賲 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賳诏丕賴 讴丕賲賱丕 亘蹖 胤乇賮 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘賴 賲胤丕賱亘 賵 亘蹖丕賳 爻丕丿賴 蹖 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 賴爻鬲. 賯胤毓丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 亘賴 亘賯蹖賴 鬲賵氐蹖賴 賲蹖讴賳賲.賴
December 28, 2024
亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 倬丕爻禺 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 亘賴 丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 讴賴 '丌蹖丕 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賵丕賯毓蹖 丕爻鬲責'
"賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 讴賴 丕蹖賳讴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屬� 讴丕賲賱鈥屫� 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丿賴蹖賲 丕夭 賴乇 夭賲丕賳 丿蹖诏乇 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕爻鬲. 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇蹖讴賱爻 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賴賲賴 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 蹖賵賳丕賳蹖 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕賵 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇 丿丕乇丿貨 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳賽 賱卅賵賳丕乇丿賵 丿丕賵蹖賳趩蹖 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 卮丕賲賱 丕賵 賵 賴賲賴 乇賳爻丕賳爻 丕蹖鬲丕賱蹖丕爻鬲貨 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳賽 賵賱鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賴賲賴 丿賵乇賴 乇賵卮賳诏乇蹖 賮乇丕賳爻賴 賵 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賮乇丕诏蹖乇 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇亘乇 丿丕乇丿. 丕诏乇 亘賴 乇睾賲 丌賴 賵 賳丕賱賴 賴丕蹖 賲丕貙 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿貙 賳賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 亘賴 賴乇 乇賵蹖 爻丕賱賲 鬲乇貙 亘賴鬲乇貙 蹖丕 毓丕賯賱鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲蹖賲 讴賴 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 倬丕 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 賳賴丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 亘賱讴賴 爻亘亘 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇 賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 睾賳蹖 鬲乇貙 賵 亘乇 爻胤丨 毓丕賱蹖鈥屫辟� 亘賳蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲乇丕讴賲 丿丕賳卮 賵 賴賳乇 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 鬲讴蹖賴鈥屭з� 賵 丨賮丕馗 賵噩賵丿蹖 賲丕 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 丿蹖丿賴 诏卮賵丿賴鈥屫й屬�. 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 乇卮丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 賳爻亘鬲 鬲乇賯蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴乇 趩蹖夭 禺賱賯 賵 囟亘胤 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 丕爻鬲貨 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 毓亘丕乇鬲 丕爻鬲 丕夭 丕夭丿蹖丕丿貙 丨賮馗貙 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賵 亘賴 讴丕乇诏蹖乇蹖 賮夭丕蹖賳丿賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬.
亘乇丕蹖 丌賳 毓丿賴 丕夭 賲丕 讴賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇丕 氐乇賮丕 賳賴 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 鬲匕讴丕乇 毓亘乇鬲鈥屫①呟屫� 丨賲丕賯鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 噩賳丕蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕賳爻丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 蹖丕丿賳丕賲賴 卮賵賯鈥屫①佖臂屬� 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丌賮乇蹖賳賳丿賴 賳蹖夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 丿蹖诏乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 鬲丕乇蹖讴禺丕賳賴 賳賵賲蹖丿蹖 賵 賵丨卮鬲鈥屬囏� 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 卮賴乇蹖 賲賱讴賵鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴卮賵乇 倬賴賳丕賵乇 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 賴夭丕乇丕賳 賯丿蹖爻貙 丿賵賱鬲賲乇丿貙 賲禺鬲乇毓貙 丿丕賳卮賲賳丿貙 卮丕毓乇貙 賴賳乇賲賳丿貙 賲賵爻蹖賯蹖丿丕賳貙 毓丕卮賯 賵 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賴賳賵夭 夭賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 爻禺賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬嗀� 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 氐賵乇鬲诏乇蹖 賲蹖讴賳賳丿貙 賵 賳睾賲賴 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж操嗀�. 賲賵乇禺 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丿乇 丨蹖丕鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 賲毓賳丕蹖蹖 睾蹖乇 丕夭 丌賳 讴賴 禺賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 丌賳 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 亘蹖丕亘丿貙 鬲兀爻賮 賳禺賵丕賴丿 禺賵乇丿貨 亘诏匕丕乇蹖丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲丕 禺賵丿 亘賴 丨蹖丕鬲賲丕賳 賲毓賳丕 賵 賲賮賴賵賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ篡屬呚� 賵 诏丕賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕 亘乇 賲乇诏 睾丕賱亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕丨爻丕爻 睾乇賵乇 讴賳蹖賲. 爻毓丕丿鬲賲賳丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴貙 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲乇诏貙 鬲丕 丌賳 噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 禺賵卮賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲賯賱 爻丕夭丿. 趩賳蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲 丨蹖丕鬲 賲丿蹖賵賳 賵 卮丕讴乇 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 夭賵丕賱鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿貙 賵 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇賵乇丕賳賳丿賴 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 噩丕賵蹖丿 賲丕爻鬲."
"賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 讴賴 丕蹖賳讴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屬� 讴丕賲賱鈥屫� 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丿賴蹖賲 丕夭 賴乇 夭賲丕賳 丿蹖诏乇 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕爻鬲. 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇蹖讴賱爻 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賴賲賴 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 蹖賵賳丕賳蹖 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕賵 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇 丿丕乇丿貨 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳賽 賱卅賵賳丕乇丿賵 丿丕賵蹖賳趩蹖 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 卮丕賲賱 丕賵 賵 賴賲賴 乇賳爻丕賳爻 丕蹖鬲丕賱蹖丕爻鬲貨 睾賳蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳賽 賵賱鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賴賲賴 丿賵乇賴 乇賵卮賳诏乇蹖 賮乇丕賳爻賴 賵 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賮乇丕诏蹖乇 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇亘乇 丿丕乇丿. 丕诏乇 亘賴 乇睾賲 丌賴 賵 賳丕賱賴 賴丕蹖 賲丕貙 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿貙 賳賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 亘賴 賴乇 乇賵蹖 爻丕賱賲 鬲乇貙 亘賴鬲乇貙 蹖丕 毓丕賯賱鈥屫� 丕夭 丌賳丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲蹖賲 讴賴 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 倬丕 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 賳賴丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 亘賱讴賴 爻亘亘 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇 賲蹖乇丕孬蹖 睾賳蹖 鬲乇貙 賵 亘乇 爻胤丨 毓丕賱蹖鈥屫辟� 亘賳蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲乇丕讴賲 丿丕賳卮 賵 賴賳乇 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 鬲讴蹖賴鈥屭з� 賵 丨賮丕馗 賵噩賵丿蹖 賲丕 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 丿蹖丿賴 诏卮賵丿賴鈥屫й屬�. 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 乇卮丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 賳爻亘鬲 鬲乇賯蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴乇 趩蹖夭 禺賱賯 賵 囟亘胤 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 丕爻鬲貨 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 毓亘丕乇鬲 丕爻鬲 丕夭 丕夭丿蹖丕丿貙 丨賮馗貙 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賵 亘賴 讴丕乇诏蹖乇蹖 賮夭丕蹖賳丿賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬.
亘乇丕蹖 丌賳 毓丿賴 丕夭 賲丕 讴賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇丕 氐乇賮丕 賳賴 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 鬲匕讴丕乇 毓亘乇鬲鈥屫①呟屫� 丨賲丕賯鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 噩賳丕蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕賳爻丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 蹖丕丿賳丕賲賴 卮賵賯鈥屫①佖臂屬� 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丌賮乇蹖賳賳丿賴 賳蹖夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 丿蹖诏乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 鬲丕乇蹖讴禺丕賳賴 賳賵賲蹖丿蹖 賵 賵丨卮鬲鈥屬囏� 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 卮賴乇蹖 賲賱讴賵鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴卮賵乇 倬賴賳丕賵乇 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 賴夭丕乇丕賳 賯丿蹖爻貙 丿賵賱鬲賲乇丿貙 賲禺鬲乇毓貙 丿丕賳卮賲賳丿貙 卮丕毓乇貙 賴賳乇賲賳丿貙 賲賵爻蹖賯蹖丿丕賳貙 毓丕卮賯 賵 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賴賳賵夭 夭賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 爻禺賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬嗀� 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 氐賵乇鬲诏乇蹖 賲蹖讴賳賳丿貙 賵 賳睾賲賴 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж操嗀�. 賲賵乇禺 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丿乇 丨蹖丕鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 賲毓賳丕蹖蹖 睾蹖乇 丕夭 丌賳 讴賴 禺賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 丌賳 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 亘蹖丕亘丿貙 鬲兀爻賮 賳禺賵丕賴丿 禺賵乇丿貨 亘诏匕丕乇蹖丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲丕 禺賵丿 亘賴 丨蹖丕鬲賲丕賳 賲毓賳丕 賵 賲賮賴賵賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ篡屬呚� 賵 诏丕賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕 亘乇 賲乇诏 睾丕賱亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕丨爻丕爻 睾乇賵乇 讴賳蹖賲. 爻毓丕丿鬲賲賳丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴貙 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲乇诏貙 鬲丕 丌賳 噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 禺賵卮賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲賯賱 爻丕夭丿. 趩賳蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲 丨蹖丕鬲 賲丿蹖賵賳 賵 卮丕讴乇 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 夭賵丕賱鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿貙 賵 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬乇賵乇丕賳賳丿賴 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 噩丕賵蹖丿 賲丕爻鬲."
December 2, 2015
賰賳鬲 賯丿 賯乇乇鬲 兀賳 兀毓胤賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳噩賲鬲賷賳 .. 賱賰賳 丌禺乇 賮氐賱 賯賱亘 賲賵丕夭賷賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 賵丕禺鬲乇鬲 兀賳 兀賯賷賲賴 亘 孬賱丕孬 賳噩賲丕鬲 ..
賯丕賲 賵賷賱 賵夭賵噩鬲賴 丕乇賷賷賱 亘鬲兀賱賷賮 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賴賲 賲賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 賵賳卮乇 賰鬲丕亘 賯氐丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱囟禺賲 賵賰兀賳賴 賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 毓亘乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賷賯丿賲 丿乇賵爻丕 賲爻鬲賮丕丿丞 賵毓亘乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賷賰乇乇 賳賮爻賴 亘氐賵乇鬲賴 丕賱毓丕賲丞.. 賷鬲賰賵賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 佟伲 賮氐賱丕 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 丕賱胤賵賱.. 賷毓賳賵賳 丕賱賮氐賵賱 亘毓丕賲賱 兀賵 毓賳氐乇 賮賷 丨賷丕丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵毓賱丕賯鬲賴 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賲丕 賯丿賲 毓亘乇 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱爻丕賱賮丞:
-兀賱賵丕賳 賲賳 丕賱丨賷乇丞
-丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱兀乇囟
-丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱毓乇賯 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
-丕賱丨賰賵賲丞 賵丕賱丨乇亘
-丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丨乇亘
-丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱鬲丨賱賱
-賴賱 丕賱鬲賯丿賲 丨賯賷賯賷
-賵賷賳鬲賴賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱賴賵丕賲卮..
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 丨賯賷賯丞 賴賵 賲丕 丨乇囟賳賷 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 兀賰孬乇 亘賷賳 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘.. 廿匕 兀賳賴 賷賯丿賲 鬲爻丕丐賱丕鬲 賰賮賷賱丞 亘噩毓賱賰 鬲毓賷丿 丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賶 賵丕賯毓賰 賵丕乇鬲亘丕胤賴 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵毓賱丕賯鬲賴 亘丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱.. 鬲卮賰賱 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賰 賱賱丨囟丕乇丞 賲賳 噩丕賳亘 丌禺乇 賵賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 鬲丐賲賳 亘兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 鬲賵賱丿 賵賯丿 鬲賲賵鬲 兀賵 鬲乇賰丿.. 賵毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賯丿賲 賴賷 賳賯賱 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 廿賱賶 賰賱 噩賷賱 毓亘乇 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 賵丕賱賵毓賷.. 賵丕賱賵乇丕孬丞 賮賷 賲爻兀賱丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 卮賷亍 亘丕胤賱.. 賮丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賱丕鬲賵乇孬.
賯亘賱 兀賳 兀亘丿賷 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲賷 毓賱賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賵丿 兀賳 兀卮賰乇 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲.. 兀毓鬲亘乇 鬲乇噩賲鬲賴 賲賳 兀賮囟賱 丕賱鬲乇丕噩賲 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕.. 賵丕囟丨丞 貙賲賷爻乇丞 賵睾賷乇 乇賰賷賰丞 毓賱賶 丕賱廿胤賱丕賯.. 賰賲丕 賰丕賳 噩賴丿賴 乇丕卅毓 廿匕 兀囟丕賮 亘毓囟 丕賱賴賵丕賲卮 賵丕賱鬲毓乇賷賮丕鬲 賱亘毓囟 丕賱丕卮禺丕氐 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲賲 匕賰乇賴賲 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賯丿 賱丕賷賰賵賳賵賳 賲毓乇賵賮賷賳 賱丿賷賰貙 賮鬲賰賱賮 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 賲卮賰賵乇丕 亘鬲賵囟賷丨 亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 賱兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷亘丿賵 賱賷 賲賵噩賴 卮禺氐賷丕 賱賱睾乇亘 丕賱匕賷賳 賴賲 毓賱賶 毓賱賲 亘亘毓囟 丕賱賲爻賲賷丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕睾乇賷賯賷 賵卮禺賵氐賴 賵 賵 賵 .
丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱兀賵賱賶 噩賲賷賱丞 賱賰賳賷 兀乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷囟毓賮 賲賳 丕賱賲賳鬲氐賮 丨鬲賶 賯亘賱 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇.. 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵毓賱賶 賲丿賶 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱賲亘爻胤丞 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 毓乇賮鬲 兀賳 丕賱亘卮乇 丨賷賳 賷胤賱賯賵賳 丕賱毓賳丕賳 賱兀賳賮爻賴賲 賵乇睾亘丕鬲賴賲 賷氐亘丨賵賳 賵丨賵卮丕.. 賷鬲毓胤卮賵賳 賱賱賲賱賰 賵丕賱孬乇丕亍 賵賱賵 賰丕賳 毓賱賶 丨爻丕亘 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳.. 賷賯鬲賱賵賳.. 賷賮乇囟賵賳 兀丨賰丕賲丕 賲爻鬲亘丿丞 賵賱丕賷賴賲賴賲 廿胤賱丕賯丕 胤亘賯丕鬲丕 賱賮賯乇丕亍 賵丕賱囟毓賮丕亍 賵賰賲 爻鬲鬲爻亘亘 賱賴賲 賴匕賴 丕賱丕丨賰丕賲 賲賳 賯賲毓 賵胤丨賳 ! 兀賵賱 丿乇爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賲乇毓亘 廿匕丕 氐亘 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賴 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賱 賵丕賱賲賱賰 ..
賮賷 賳馗乇賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷丨鬲丕噩 廿賱賶 賳馗乇丞 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 兀毓賲賯 鬲賴匕亘 亘毓囟 賳馗乇賷丕鬲賴.. 賴賳丕賰 亘毓囟 賵噩賴丕鬲 丕賱賳馗乇 賵丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 胤乇丨賴丕 賱丕 兀鬲賮賯 賲毓丕賴丕 廿胤賱丕賯丕 賵兀卮毓乇 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 兀丨賰丕賲 鬲胤賱賯 賲賳 賵丕賯毓賴 賵亘賷卅鬲賴 賮賱丕鬲毓購賲賲.. 賱丕 兀毓乇賮 賱賲賻 賱賰賳賷 賮毓賱丕 卮毓乇鬲 兀賳賴 亘丨丕噩丞 廿賱賶 賳馗乇丞 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞. 賲孬賱丕 賮賷 噩丿賵賱 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 卮毓乇鬲 亘兀賳 賴賳丕賰 賲睾丕賱胤丕鬲 賲孬賱 丕賱賳賵賲 賱丕賷毓鬲亘乇 爻賱亘賷丕! 廿賱丕 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 夭丕卅丿丕 毓賳 丕賱丨丿.. 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱賲睾丕夭賱丞 賱賷爻鬲 卮賷亍 丕賷噩丕亘賷 毓賱賶 廿胤賱丕賯賴丕..
賵賴賳丕賰 賳賯胤丞 賳亘賴 賱賴丕 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 兀賷囟丕.. 賷賯賵賱 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 兀賳 丕賱賷賴賵丿 兀毓胤賵丕 賲丨賲丿 -賵丕賱賳氐丕乇賶 丕賷囟丕- 卮賷亍 賲賴賲 賱乇爻丕賱鬲賴 賵賰鬲丕亘賴.. 賷賯氐丿 兀賳 乇爻賵賱賳丕 丕賱賰乇賷賲 丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲賵乇丕丞 兀賵 賲賳 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷.. 賵賱賲孬賱 賴匕丕 兀賯賵賱 兀賳賴 賷賳馗乇 賱賱兀賲乇 亘夭丕賵賷丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賵賱賲 賷噩乇亘 兀賳 賷鬲毓賲賯 賮賷 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷丞 賰賲丕 鬲毓賲賯 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱廿睾乇賷賯! 賮賱賷爻 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賯賵賱 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 乇噩賱 賲孬賱 賵賷賱 亘丕丨孬 賵賯丕乇卅 賵賲丐乇禺 賷毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丕賱賯乇丌賳 廿賳賲丕 賴賵 丕賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲賵乇丕丞.. 丕賱賯乇丌賳 賵丨賷 賵賴匕賴 丕賱賳馗乇丞 兀爻丕亍鬲 賱賷 賵爻鬲爻賷亍 賱賰賱 賲爻賱賲.. 丕賱賷賴賵丿 賵丕賱賳氐丕乇賶 賱賲 賷毓胤賵丕 卮賷亍 賱乇爻賵賱賳丕 丕賱賰乇賷賲.. 丕賱賯乇丌賳 賵丨賷 賲賳 丕賱賱賴.. 賵丕賱賷賴賵丿 廿賳 賰丕賳 賱丕賷毓賱賲 賮賴賲 賲賳 兀卮賴乇 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 鬲賰鬲賲賴賲 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丨賵丕丿孬 丕賱賳亘賵丞..
賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賯胤丞 匕賰乇賴丕 賮賷 賮氐賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丿賷賳.. 兀賳賴 賯丕賲鬲 丨乇賵亘 毓賱賶 乇噩丕賱 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵丕賱鬲卮丿丿 賵賳亘匕 丕賱毓賯賱 丕賱匕賷 丨氐賱 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵賴匕丕 賲丕賷丨丿孬 丕賱丌賳 賱丿賷賳丕.. 賵廿賳 丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賵囟毓 兀禺卮賶 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱丿賷賳 賱丿賷賳丕 卮賷亍 賷囟賷賯 賵賱賷爻 賷賵爻毓.. 賵賱賰賲 兀賳 鬲賱丕丨馗賵丕 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱丨丕賱賷 賲賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲鬲丿賷賳賷賳 賵毓賱賶 兀爻賱賵亘賴賲 賵兀賯氐丿 賲賳 賱賲鬲丿賷賳賷賳 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賲鬲卮丿丿 噩丿丕 .. 賱丕丨馗賵丕 賰孬乇丞 丕賱賴噩賵賲 賲孬賱 賲爻賱爻賱 胤丕卮 賲丕胤丕卮 賵睾賷乇賴 丨鬲賶 賲賳 亘毓囟 丕賱丿毓丕丞 兀賳賮爻賴賲.. 乇亘賲丕 賷鬲胤賵乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賯丿 廿賱賶 賴噩賵賲 卮乇爻 賮賷噩亘 丕賳 賷毓賷 乇噩丕賱 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賳 丕賱丿賷賳 兀賵爻毓 賲賳 賳馗乇鬲賴賲 丕賱囟賷賯丞 賵兀賳 賱丕賷鬲丨丿孬賵丕 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丿賷賳 賮賷 賰賱 賳馗乇丕鬲賴賲 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱賲鬲卮丿丿丞 .. 賵廿賱丕 爻賷夭丿丕丿 丕賱賴噩賵賲 賵爻賷賳亘匕 丕賱丿賷賳 爻賳賵賳 胤賵丕賱 亘爻亘亘 賲丕賮毓賱賵賴.. 鬲賲丕賲丕 賰賲丕 丨氐賱 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵丕賱鬲禺賱賮 丕賱賰賳爻賷.. 賵賴匕丕 賲賳 丿乇賵爻 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓馗賷賲丞..
丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱匕賷 賷噩亘 兀賳 賳爻鬲賮賷丿 賲賳賴 賴賵 廿氐賱丕丨丕鬲 氐賵賱賵賳 賮賷 兀孬賷賳丕.. 廿氐賱丕丨丕鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 兀賳賯匕鬲 兀孬賷賳丕 賲賳 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賵丕賱丿賲丕乇 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 爻賵丕 噩賷賱丕 賵丕丨丿丕! 賵賱匕賱賰 賷賯賵賱 賵賷賱 : 鈥溫з勜⒇ж� 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨丿孬賴丕 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賷賲賰賳 鬲丨賯賯賴丕 亘丿賵賳賴丕貙 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丿賮毓 丕賱鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賱賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞鈥�.. 賮丕賱孬賵乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 丿丕卅賲丕 丨賱 ..
賷爻賲賷 賵賷賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘賷賳賲丕 賰丕賳 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷爻賲賷賴 丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷 賵丕賱丕睾乇賷賯賷 賵丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷 .. 賱兀賳賷 兀噩丿 鬲噩丕賴賱 賵 丕睾賮丕賱 卮丿賷丿 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵乇賰夭 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕賵乇賵亘賷 賵丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷.. 賵賱賲 賷匕賰乇 鬲噩乇亘丞 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕胤賱丕賯 ! 亘賷賳賲丕 丕爻鬲賲乇鬲 丿賵賱 丕賱禺賱丕賮丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賱兀賰孬乇 賲賳 佟贍贍贍 爻賳丞! 廿噩丨丕賮賴 賴匕丕 睾賷乇 賲毓賯賵賱..
賲賳 賲丕禺乇噩鬲 亘賴 賵兀乇丕賴 氐丨賷丨 噩丿丕 賲賳 丿乇賵爻 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 毓賳丿賲丕 賷賵乇孬 賱賱兀亘賳丕亍 兀賵 賱賱毓丕卅賱丞 爻賷鬲賵賱丿 丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 兀賵 噩賴賱 賲賳 丕賱丨賰丕賲 兀賳賮爻賴賲.. 亘賷賳賲丕 賱丕 亘丿賷賱 賱賳馗丕賲 丕禺鬲賷丕乇 丕賱兀噩丿乇.. 賵賴賵 賲丕 兀孬亘鬲 賮毓丕賱賷鬲賴 毓亘乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.. 賵賱賱丨賰賲 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 賮賷 兀賵賱賴 兀賰亘乇 丿賱賷賱 賮賷 丕賱禺賱丕賮丕鬲 丕賱乇丕卮丿丞.
賯丿賲 賱賮鬲丞 噩賲賷賱丞 噩丿丕 毓賳 丕賱賮賳 丕賱賴丕亘胤 丕賱匕賷 賳乇丕賴 丕賱賷賵賲 賵毓賱丕賯鬲賴 亘丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞.. 亘鬲毓賱賷賱 賲賳胤賯賷 乇兀賷鬲 賮賷賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱氐丨丞 賵丕賱丕爻賯丕胤 毓賱賶 丕賱賵丕賯毓..
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賴賵 兀噩賲賱 賲丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 賳馗乇賷.. 賱兀賳賴 賷胤乇丨 鬲爻丕丐賱丕鬲 賵丕卮賰丕賱賷丕鬲 毓賳 丕賱鬲賯丿賲 .. 賵賴賱 賵囟毓賳丕 丕賱丨丕賱賷 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 爻丕亘賯賳丕 賵賱賲 賮賷 賰賱 賲乇丞 賳鬲賲賳賶 丕賱毓賵丿丞 賱賱賲丕囟賷 賵丨賷丕丞 丕賱丕噩丿丕丿 賵賱丕亘胤兀 賲毓 兀賳賳丕 賳毓賷卮 賮爻 毓丕賱賲 爻乇毓鬲鬲賴 賲囟丕毓賮丞 賮賷 賰賱 卮賷亍.. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 噩丿賷乇 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.. 賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 胤亘毓丕 毓賲賱 亘卮乇賷 亘丨鬲 賷丨鬲賵賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賳賯氐 賵毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 乇丐賷丞 兀卮賲賱 賵兀賰孬乇 丨賷丕丿賷丞 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺.
January 16, 2022
This book is over 50 years old. In some ways, the book now lives in the shadows of more recent classics, such as Jared Diamond's "Guns, Germs, and Steel" and Yuval Noah Harari's "21 Lessons for the 21st Century." In these more contemporary books, we are also called to look at the lessons of history. In these books, too, we are called on to be skeptical and hesitant in making sense out of the often nonsense of history. "History is so indifferently rich that a case for almost any conclusion from it can be made by a selection of instances." (p. 97). But each of these books owes something to this book -- Will and Ariel Durant's "The Lessons of History."
In one hundred pages, the authors cover such topics as religion, race, war, economics, decay, and progress. Though the chapters are often no longer than a few pages, the breadth of the analysis is the entirety of human history. Often, the tone of the chapters is unabashedly speculative and whimsical. The prose often reaches for something close to poetry. And through this poetry, we can come to see our own circumstances as the recurrence of an old problem in a new garb.
Perhaps the most contentious issue of the book -- and perhaps the one that makes it the most dated -- is how it deals with human nature. In this book, the recurrence of certain types of events is ascribed to human nature and the human condition. History, the authors write, 鈥渋s a fragment of biology鈥� (p. 18). Scholars with a more constructivist approach would probably take issue with analyses based on sweeping generalizations about human nature, that our primitive mental hardwiring can be seen as an essential cause for the reoccurrences of history. And yet, we can find sympathetic books in Richard Dawkins鈥檚 "The Selfish Gene" and Steven Pinker鈥檚 "The Blank Slate". And even modern historians like Yuval Noah Harari ground their understanding of history in the actions of humans as only slightly more evolved primates.
Perhaps it's the greatest value is its last chapter, which casts a skeptical gaze on progress and technology. That skepticism is even more valuable in these times when the internet and social media have unleashed a torrent of unintentional negative externalities in the form of fake news and tribalism. Skeptically, the authors conclude that while decay is a recurrent theme in history, the progress of civilizations can survive through education. 鈥淐onsider education not as the painful accumulation of facts and dates and reigns...but as the transmission of our mental, moral, technical, and aesthetic heritage as fully as possible to as many as possible鈥� (p. 101).
So, then, why go back to a book written over 50 years ago. One good reason is that the book has withstood the test of time. Though the volume is short (about 100 pages), compact, self-consciously hesitant about its findings, it has withstood the test of time and continues to find its way onto reading lists as varied as scholastic and practical. The book has moments where it is very specifically a product of its time. It worries, for example, about the contest between capitalism and socialism. Yet, its very datedness gives it value as a lesson in trying to deal with contemporary problems through a historical gaze. It offers us a chance to back-test two historians' attempts to make sense of their modern times through history. Their insights, while highly qualified, seems relevant to our current moment.
Finally, in its style, the book offers a modern example of how scholars might try to attempt to come up with their own lessons. Most chapters are only a few pages, the whole book is about one hundred pages, and the book manages to make its points with minimal amounts of references.
Sometimes for taking on big questions of our time, we don't need overly complicated tools. We can leave our extensive reading and numerous references in the background as we apply our knowledge in a concise and humble way. Perhaps that is a historical lesson from this book too.
If we apply our deep knowledge in a concise and humble way, perhaps our own words can survive for fifty years.
In one hundred pages, the authors cover such topics as religion, race, war, economics, decay, and progress. Though the chapters are often no longer than a few pages, the breadth of the analysis is the entirety of human history. Often, the tone of the chapters is unabashedly speculative and whimsical. The prose often reaches for something close to poetry. And through this poetry, we can come to see our own circumstances as the recurrence of an old problem in a new garb.
Perhaps the most contentious issue of the book -- and perhaps the one that makes it the most dated -- is how it deals with human nature. In this book, the recurrence of certain types of events is ascribed to human nature and the human condition. History, the authors write, 鈥渋s a fragment of biology鈥� (p. 18). Scholars with a more constructivist approach would probably take issue with analyses based on sweeping generalizations about human nature, that our primitive mental hardwiring can be seen as an essential cause for the reoccurrences of history. And yet, we can find sympathetic books in Richard Dawkins鈥檚 "The Selfish Gene" and Steven Pinker鈥檚 "The Blank Slate". And even modern historians like Yuval Noah Harari ground their understanding of history in the actions of humans as only slightly more evolved primates.
Perhaps it's the greatest value is its last chapter, which casts a skeptical gaze on progress and technology. That skepticism is even more valuable in these times when the internet and social media have unleashed a torrent of unintentional negative externalities in the form of fake news and tribalism. Skeptically, the authors conclude that while decay is a recurrent theme in history, the progress of civilizations can survive through education. 鈥淐onsider education not as the painful accumulation of facts and dates and reigns...but as the transmission of our mental, moral, technical, and aesthetic heritage as fully as possible to as many as possible鈥� (p. 101).
So, then, why go back to a book written over 50 years ago. One good reason is that the book has withstood the test of time. Though the volume is short (about 100 pages), compact, self-consciously hesitant about its findings, it has withstood the test of time and continues to find its way onto reading lists as varied as scholastic and practical. The book has moments where it is very specifically a product of its time. It worries, for example, about the contest between capitalism and socialism. Yet, its very datedness gives it value as a lesson in trying to deal with contemporary problems through a historical gaze. It offers us a chance to back-test two historians' attempts to make sense of their modern times through history. Their insights, while highly qualified, seems relevant to our current moment.
Finally, in its style, the book offers a modern example of how scholars might try to attempt to come up with their own lessons. Most chapters are only a few pages, the whole book is about one hundred pages, and the book manages to make its points with minimal amounts of references.
Sometimes for taking on big questions of our time, we don't need overly complicated tools. We can leave our extensive reading and numerous references in the background as we apply our knowledge in a concise and humble way. Perhaps that is a historical lesson from this book too.
If we apply our deep knowledge in a concise and humble way, perhaps our own words can survive for fifty years.
October 18, 2015
What a thoroughly disagreeable book. Filled with conclusory opinionated claptrap unsupported by historical evidence. Racist and homophobic.
For example, "only the man who is below the average in economic ability desires equality" or "All strong characters and peoples are race conscious, and are instinctively averse to marriage outside their own racial group." or "...sin had flourished in every age...Even our generation has not yet rivaled the popularity of homosexualism in ancient Greece or Rome...". or ..."intelligence is perpetually retarted by the fertility of the simple."
It goes one and and on and on, notwithstanding the fact that text is only 102 pages.
Totally puts the lie to the authors' statement in the Preface in which they state that "our aim is not originality but inclusiveness; we offer a survey of human experience, not a personal revelation."
While it is true they are not "original" (there are lots of fuzzy thinking bigots in the world) they are certainly not inclusive and the "personal revelation" they do, in fact, reveal is ugly and repulsive.
For example, "only the man who is below the average in economic ability desires equality" or "All strong characters and peoples are race conscious, and are instinctively averse to marriage outside their own racial group." or "...sin had flourished in every age...Even our generation has not yet rivaled the popularity of homosexualism in ancient Greece or Rome...". or ..."intelligence is perpetually retarted by the fertility of the simple."
It goes one and and on and on, notwithstanding the fact that text is only 102 pages.
Totally puts the lie to the authors' statement in the Preface in which they state that "our aim is not originality but inclusiveness; we offer a survey of human experience, not a personal revelation."
While it is true they are not "original" (there are lots of fuzzy thinking bigots in the world) they are certainly not inclusive and the "personal revelation" they do, in fact, reveal is ugly and repulsive.
September 14, 2024
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 丕賲乇賵夭 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 氐賵鬲蹖 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賲 賵 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賴丕 賵 鬲賲噩蹖丿 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賵蹖賱 賵 賴賲爻乇卮 丌乇蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 賲蹖卮丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 丌賵乇丿賲.
讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 趩賳丿蹖賳 賮氐賵賱 賲賳馗賲 賵 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賵賯丕蹖毓 禺胤蹖 賵 卮讴賱 丿賴賳丿賴 噩賴丕賳 鬲卮讴蹖賱 卮丿賴 讴賴 囟賲賳 丕毓賱丕賲 丿丕卮鬲賳 賲賵丕乇丿 賲賴賲 賵 卮讴賱 丿賴賳丿賴鈥屰� 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 賯賱賲蹖 噩匕丕亘 卮賲丕乇賵 亘丕 丨讴丕蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 賳賯丿 亘乇 賳賵毓 賲讴鬲賵亘 卮丿賳 丕賵賳 賴丕 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖讴賳賴.
賱丕夭賲 亘賴 匕讴乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨噩賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賲 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵 倬蹖卮鈥屫辟堐� 卮賲丕 賯乇丕乇 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳賴 毓賱賲 丕爻鬲 賵 賳賴 賮賱爻賮赖貙 亘賱讴賴 賴賳乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲賵丕賯毓 亘丕 鬲毓氐亘 賳诏丕卮鬲賴 卮丿賴鈥屫ж池�.
讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 趩賳丿蹖賳 賮氐賵賱 賲賳馗賲 賵 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賵賯丕蹖毓 禺胤蹖 賵 卮讴賱 丿賴賳丿賴 噩賴丕賳 鬲卮讴蹖賱 卮丿賴 讴賴 囟賲賳 丕毓賱丕賲 丿丕卮鬲賳 賲賵丕乇丿 賲賴賲 賵 卮讴賱 丿賴賳丿賴鈥屰� 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 賯賱賲蹖 噩匕丕亘 卮賲丕乇賵 亘丕 丨讴丕蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 賳賯丿 亘乇 賳賵毓 賲讴鬲賵亘 卮丿賳 丕賵賳 賴丕 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖讴賳賴.
賱丕夭賲 亘賴 匕讴乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨噩賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賲 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵 倬蹖卮鈥屫辟堐� 卮賲丕 賯乇丕乇 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳賴 毓賱賲 丕爻鬲 賵 賳賴 賮賱爻賮赖貙 亘賱讴賴 賴賳乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲賵丕賯毓 亘丕 鬲毓氐亘 賳诏丕卮鬲賴 卮丿賴鈥屫ж池�.
July 12, 2021
賷毓乇囟 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱毓丕賲丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵 鬲兀孬乇賴 亘亘毓囟 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 賰丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕 賵丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 賵丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱兀賯鬲氐丕丿
!! 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 賲毓馗賲賴丕 噩賷丿丞 賱賰賳 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 鬲毓賰爻 丕賳丨賷丕夭丕鬲賴 賮賴賵 賲孬賱丕 賷乇賶 兀賳 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 丿賵賱丞 丨囟丕乇賷丞 鬲睾賱亘鬲 毓賱賶 毓賵丕卅賯 賰孬賷乇丞 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵 亘卮乇賷丞
!! 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 賲毓馗賲賴丕 噩賷丿丞 賱賰賳 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 鬲毓賰爻 丕賳丨賷丕夭丕鬲賴 賮賴賵 賲孬賱丕 賷乇賶 兀賳 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 丿賵賱丞 丨囟丕乇賷丞 鬲睾賱亘鬲 毓賱賶 毓賵丕卅賯 賰孬賷乇丞 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵 亘卮乇賷丞
dnf
March 6, 2022Always difficult to say whether it makes sense to read such an old book about human history. I enjoyed it in the beginning, but soon some doubts crept in. At some point it became a back and forth between enjoying and disliking the text; nicely illustrated by the following paragraph:
What a rollercoaster. I think the main problem here is just that this is a book written by old people with a dated perspective.
I could look past this鈥� to some extent. But a book of merely 120 pages of course is not going to provide a comprehensive overview of human history. And this is also not what this book is about. It鈥檚 about what we have learned from all of it (hence the title). And I鈥檓 not sure it makes sense for me to read such a book when it was written by someone that, in my humble opinion, doesn鈥檛 understand human nature. This table here of positive and negative human instincts was the nail in the coffin:
DNF at 24%
I did read the last chapter, though, because a GR-friend of mine said it would be good; and it was. But I think I鈥檇 prefer to read a book written by someone with a more modern view on humanity and human history.
Intellect is therefore a vital force in history, but it can also be a dissolvent and destructive power. Out of every hundred new ideas ninety-nine or more will probably be inferior to the traditional responses which they propose to replace. No one man, however brilliant or well-informed, can come in one lifetime to such fullness of understanding as to safely judge and dismiss the customs or institutions of his society, for these are the wisdom of generations after centuries of experiment in the laboratory of history. A youth boiling with hormones will wonder why he should not give full freedom to his sexual desires; and if he is unchecked by custom, morals, or laws, he may ruin his life before he matures sufficiently to understand that sex is a river of fire that must be banked and cooled by a hundred restraints if it is not to consume in chaos both the individual and the group.
What a rollercoaster. I think the main problem here is just that this is a book written by old people with a dated perspective.
I could look past this鈥� to some extent. But a book of merely 120 pages of course is not going to provide a comprehensive overview of human history. And this is also not what this book is about. It鈥檚 about what we have learned from all of it (hence the title). And I鈥檓 not sure it makes sense for me to read such a book when it was written by someone that, in my humble opinion, doesn鈥檛 understand human nature. This table here of positive and negative human instincts was the nail in the coffin:
DNF at 24%
I did read the last chapter, though, because a GR-friend of mine said it would be good; and it was. But I think I鈥檇 prefer to read a book written by someone with a more modern view on humanity and human history.
May 18, 2018
馗丕賴乇丕 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 賴丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 丿乇 噩锟斤拷蹖丕賳 亘丕夭禺賵丕賳蹖 "鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳" 賳诏丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 倬蹖賵賳丿 亘丕 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲蹖 丕夭 賯亘蹖賱 夭賲蹖賳貙 丕禺賱丕賯貙 丿蹖賳貙 丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵 ... 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丕蹖賳 賲爻丕卅賱 亘乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 亘丕賱毓讴爻 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 乇卮丿 賵 夭賵丕賱 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 鬲賲丿賳 丿乇 诏匕乇诏丕賴 夭賲丕賳 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇丕 賵丕讴丕賵蹖 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿
丕诏乇 賲孬賱 賲賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 乇丕 賳禺賵丕賳丿賴 丕蹖丿 賵 賲胤賲卅賳 賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲蹖丿 讴賴 丕氐賵賱丕 乇賵夭蹖 丌賳 丕孬乇 乇丕 禺賵丕賴蹖丿 禺賵丕賳丿 蹖丕 禺蹖乇 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 倬蹖卮 丿乇丌賲丿 蹖丕 丿爻鬲 讴賲 趩讴蹖丿賴 丕蹖 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 賴丕蹖 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賮蹖賱爻賵賮丕賳 賵 賲丨賯賯丕賳 亘夭乇诏貙 诏夭蹖賳賴 賲賳丕爻亘蹖 亘丕卮丿
丕賱亘鬲賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇 丨讴賲 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 卮讴賵賴賲賳丿 賵 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 賳亘賵丿 丕賲丕 禺亘 噩賲賱丕鬲 賵 賲胤丕賱亘 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 賵 鬲丕賲賱 亘乇丕賳诏蹖夭蹖 丿乇 丌賳 賲胤乇丨 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 丨鬲賲丕 賵 丨鬲賲丕 丕乇夭卮 蹖讴亘丕乇 禺賵丕賳丿賴 卮丿賳 乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕卮鬲. [禺賵丿賲 賴賲 亘毓丿賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 蹖讴 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇 賲乇賵乇卮 讴賳賲] 丕賲丕 毓賳賵丕賳賽 讴鬲丕亘 卮丕蹖丿 噩丕賱亘 鬲乇 丕夭 賴乇 賲爻丕賱賴 丕蹖 亘丕卮丿 : "丿乇爻 賴丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺" 讴賴 賴賲夭賲丕賳 賲賵囟賵毓蹖 爻鬲 賴賲 噩丿蹖 賵 賴賲 亘賴 诏賲丕賳賲 卮賵禺蹖! 亘賴 乇丕爻鬲蹖 趩賯丿乇 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 賲蹖 卮賵丿責責責
亘賴 賯賵賱 禺賵丿 賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 賲賯蹖丕爻蹖 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿...
賵 丕氐賵賱丕 丕诏乇 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮丿 丌蹖丕 亘丕夭 賴賲 趩賳蹖賳 禺賵賳爻乇丿 賵 噩丿蹖 賵 亘蹖 乇丨賲 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮丿責
丕诏乇 賲孬賱 賲賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 乇丕 賳禺賵丕賳丿賴 丕蹖丿 賵 賲胤賲卅賳 賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲蹖丿 讴賴 丕氐賵賱丕 乇賵夭蹖 丌賳 丕孬乇 乇丕 禺賵丕賴蹖丿 禺賵丕賳丿 蹖丕 禺蹖乇 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 倬蹖卮 丿乇丌賲丿 蹖丕 丿爻鬲 讴賲 趩讴蹖丿賴 丕蹖 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 賴丕蹖 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賮蹖賱爻賵賮丕賳 賵 賲丨賯賯丕賳 亘夭乇诏貙 诏夭蹖賳賴 賲賳丕爻亘蹖 亘丕卮丿
丕賱亘鬲賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇 丨讴賲 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 卮讴賵賴賲賳丿 賵 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 賳亘賵丿 丕賲丕 禺亘 噩賲賱丕鬲 賵 賲胤丕賱亘 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 賵 鬲丕賲賱 亘乇丕賳诏蹖夭蹖 丿乇 丌賳 賲胤乇丨 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 丨鬲賲丕 賵 丨鬲賲丕 丕乇夭卮 蹖讴亘丕乇 禺賵丕賳丿賴 卮丿賳 乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕卮鬲. [禺賵丿賲 賴賲 亘毓丿賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 蹖讴 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇 賲乇賵乇卮 讴賳賲] 丕賲丕 毓賳賵丕賳賽 讴鬲丕亘 卮丕蹖丿 噩丕賱亘 鬲乇 丕夭 賴乇 賲爻丕賱賴 丕蹖 亘丕卮丿 : "丿乇爻 賴丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺" 讴賴 賴賲夭賲丕賳 賲賵囟賵毓蹖 爻鬲 賴賲 噩丿蹖 賵 賴賲 亘賴 诏賲丕賳賲 卮賵禺蹖! 亘賴 乇丕爻鬲蹖 趩賯丿乇 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 賲蹖 卮賵丿責責責
亘賴 賯賵賱 禺賵丿 賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 賲賯蹖丕爻蹖 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿...
賵 丕氐賵賱丕 丕诏乇 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮丿 丌蹖丕 亘丕夭 賴賲 趩賳蹖賳 禺賵賳爻乇丿 賵 噩丿蹖 賵 亘蹖 乇丨賲 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮丿責
October 14, 2016
鈥�History repeats itself鈥�, 鈥�Those who don鈥檛 learn from history are forced to repeat it鈥� 鈥� these are two of the quips about which I had been curious for so long. Is it possible that we humans are living a cycle all through our lives? Are we repeating the same things, events and experiences that our ancestors once went through? Are we humans, so-called most intelligent species of this planet, so inept at learning from our past that we go through the same pains and pleasures, events and experiences that keep staring at our face from the annals?
I was seeking answers to these questions and when Amazon 鈥榬ecommended鈥� this book to me, I gladly accepted. Will and Ariel Durant, the author couple, are renowned for their contribution to the field of History and 鈥楾he Story of Civilization鈥�, a series of eleven volumes in Western history, is their magnum opus. And, when they offer to summarize all their learning in a little book, you can鈥檛 help grabbing the same with both hands. I am glad I did.
In this book, Will and Ariel, categorize lessons of the past under various faculties. The evolution of mankind, the overcoming of geological obstacles, the biological evolution and multiplication into innumerable life forms, racial and ethnic diversities, the development of our ethics and morals, the loosening grip of religion on our conscience, growth of economics, socialism, wars and the various forms of governments. They end the book by discussing whether we have progressed by learning our lessons wisely from our past or are we running around in circles. The whole book makes not just an interesting read but worthy of some deep contemplation too.
The book is written in a plain, pragmatic and unostentatious manner. They don鈥檛 claim to know it all, but acknowledge that history is just a collection of varying perspectives, depending on our cultural, religious, social background and understanding. Also, they present a neutral stance on our past, without nurturing a tender nostalgia for our past while having bleak fears about the future, or going gaga about the modern times while dismissing the past as full of darkness and barbaric beings.
The past is full of lessons for those who want to learn, and the lessons are neither hard, nor bitter. We get what we seek from our past. If you鈥檙e looking for hope, it is full of it. If you are pessimistic about human history, then past offers an abundance of excuses for that too. It is all up to us to wisely choose lessons that suit us, learn from them, use the wisdom to sail through our present, while building a rich heritage for the future generations for whom we will soon be pages of history.
A lovely introduction into the various facets of human history and a book that no history-buff should miss!
I was seeking answers to these questions and when Amazon 鈥榬ecommended鈥� this book to me, I gladly accepted. Will and Ariel Durant, the author couple, are renowned for their contribution to the field of History and 鈥楾he Story of Civilization鈥�, a series of eleven volumes in Western history, is their magnum opus. And, when they offer to summarize all their learning in a little book, you can鈥檛 help grabbing the same with both hands. I am glad I did.
In this book, Will and Ariel, categorize lessons of the past under various faculties. The evolution of mankind, the overcoming of geological obstacles, the biological evolution and multiplication into innumerable life forms, racial and ethnic diversities, the development of our ethics and morals, the loosening grip of religion on our conscience, growth of economics, socialism, wars and the various forms of governments. They end the book by discussing whether we have progressed by learning our lessons wisely from our past or are we running around in circles. The whole book makes not just an interesting read but worthy of some deep contemplation too.
The book is written in a plain, pragmatic and unostentatious manner. They don鈥檛 claim to know it all, but acknowledge that history is just a collection of varying perspectives, depending on our cultural, religious, social background and understanding. Also, they present a neutral stance on our past, without nurturing a tender nostalgia for our past while having bleak fears about the future, or going gaga about the modern times while dismissing the past as full of darkness and barbaric beings.
The past is full of lessons for those who want to learn, and the lessons are neither hard, nor bitter. We get what we seek from our past. If you鈥檙e looking for hope, it is full of it. If you are pessimistic about human history, then past offers an abundance of excuses for that too. It is all up to us to wisely choose lessons that suit us, learn from them, use the wisdom to sail through our present, while building a rich heritage for the future generations for whom we will soon be pages of history.
A lovely introduction into the various facets of human history and a book that no history-buff should miss!
August 29, 2011
I'm giving this book a high rating no because I agree with it. But it is important to see where historiography was at in the 60's. Durants' main point is that the strong,tenacious, breeding society will win the day and that the world will only unite as one when aliens attack us. This is the antithesis of what Jesus taught. Also Gandhi. They also say the monarchy is the most stable successful form of government and that the church is important only because it serve as a personal behavior moderator and a societal babysitter. They put no importance in spirituality, forgiveness or hope. What a bleak picture they paint for the world. The frightening thing is that this is what history teaches. I do like the chapter they write explaining social Darwinism. They make the case for it pretty well and the person who read the book before me ate it up. Highlighted lines everywhere. Scary. But the Durants end the chapter with a short plea to treat each individual based on their merits. But since they seem so Darwinian in their view of humanity I don't see why they would try to distance themselves fromthe social application of his work. They do it weakly. Historiographers need to read this. It's part of our heritage as historians. I'm grateful I was not taught to think this way in graduate school although I got some of it growing up at home and in certain religious interpretations obsessed with knowing who could wield God's power and who could not based on inheritance. My educators (church and school) encouraged me to hold tightly to ideals of humane living, tolerance, and hope for a better future. If I had the Durants as teachers, I'd slit my wrists.
September 17, 2019
Pultizer Prize-winning historians Will and Ariel Durant spent their entire lives studying and writing about history. The Lessons of History is a distillation of all of their works and lessons learned in one, short 120-pages book. They presented a crux on how history events are affected/related by/with several factors/themes. The factors/themes include biology, race, morals, religion, economics, government and war and several examples were quoted to support their conclusion. It's short, concise, profound and poetic in parts. What follows is some of my favorite takeaways from the book:
1. So the conservative who resists change is as valuable as the radical who proposes it 鈥� perhaps as much more as the roots are more vital than grafts. It is good that new ideas should be heard, for the sake of the few that can be used; but it is also good that new ideas should be compelled to go through the mill of objection, opposition, and contumely; this is the trial heat which innovations must survive before being allowed to enter the human race. It is good that the old should resist the young, and that the young should prod the old; out of this tension, as out of the strife of the sexes and the classes, comes a creative tensile strength, a stimulated development, a secret and basic unity and movement of the whole.
2. Democracy is the most difficult of all forms of government, since it requires the widest spread of intelligence, and we forgot to make ourselves intelligent when we made ourselves sovereign. Education has spread, but intelligence is perpetually retarded by the fertility of the simple.听 A cynic remarked that "you mustn't enthrone ignorance just because there is so much of it."听 However, ignorance is not long enthroned, for it lends itself to the manipulation by the forces that mold public opinion.听 It may be true, as Lincoln supposed, that "you can't fool all the people all the time," but you can fool enough of them to rule a large country.
3. Since inequality grows in an expanding economy, a society may find itself divided between a cultured minority and a majority of men and women too unfortunate by nature or circumstance to inherit or develop standards of excellence and taste.听 As this majority grows it acts as a cultural drag upon the minority; its ways of speech, dress, recreation, feeling, judgment, and thought spread upward, and internal barbarization by the majority is part of the price that the minority pays for its control of educational and economic opportunity.
4. Our knowledge of any past event is always incomplete, probably inaccurate, beclouded by ambivalent evidence and biased historians, and perhaps distorted by our own patriotic or religious partisanship. Most history is guessing, and the rest is prejudice.
1. So the conservative who resists change is as valuable as the radical who proposes it 鈥� perhaps as much more as the roots are more vital than grafts. It is good that new ideas should be heard, for the sake of the few that can be used; but it is also good that new ideas should be compelled to go through the mill of objection, opposition, and contumely; this is the trial heat which innovations must survive before being allowed to enter the human race. It is good that the old should resist the young, and that the young should prod the old; out of this tension, as out of the strife of the sexes and the classes, comes a creative tensile strength, a stimulated development, a secret and basic unity and movement of the whole.
2. Democracy is the most difficult of all forms of government, since it requires the widest spread of intelligence, and we forgot to make ourselves intelligent when we made ourselves sovereign. Education has spread, but intelligence is perpetually retarded by the fertility of the simple.听 A cynic remarked that "you mustn't enthrone ignorance just because there is so much of it."听 However, ignorance is not long enthroned, for it lends itself to the manipulation by the forces that mold public opinion.听 It may be true, as Lincoln supposed, that "you can't fool all the people all the time," but you can fool enough of them to rule a large country.
3. Since inequality grows in an expanding economy, a society may find itself divided between a cultured minority and a majority of men and women too unfortunate by nature or circumstance to inherit or develop standards of excellence and taste.听 As this majority grows it acts as a cultural drag upon the minority; its ways of speech, dress, recreation, feeling, judgment, and thought spread upward, and internal barbarization by the majority is part of the price that the minority pays for its control of educational and economic opportunity.
4. Our knowledge of any past event is always incomplete, probably inaccurate, beclouded by ambivalent evidence and biased historians, and perhaps distorted by our own patriotic or religious partisanship. Most history is guessing, and the rest is prejudice.
July 11, 2009
A Curiosity.
I liked it, not because I agreed with it, but because
it is such a rarity and an oddity.
How often are historians brave enough or rash enough to
take on the job/challenge of offering "a survey of human experience"
as Will and Ariel Durant say in their preface.
Even if you disagree with or query their views, it makes you wonder what you yourself believe and think and whether you can justify it with facts and figures.
You may not agree with much of this book, or then you may.
But you will be stimulated by and alerted to everything it says because of the aims the authors have set themselves.
My copy is scrawled with notes and underlinings, exclamation marks and mini-essays. I am as curious to reread it for these as I am for the printed text.
How much have I changed???
I liked it, not because I agreed with it, but because
it is such a rarity and an oddity.
How often are historians brave enough or rash enough to
take on the job/challenge of offering "a survey of human experience"
as Will and Ariel Durant say in their preface.
Even if you disagree with or query their views, it makes you wonder what you yourself believe and think and whether you can justify it with facts and figures.
You may not agree with much of this book, or then you may.
But you will be stimulated by and alerted to everything it says because of the aims the authors have set themselves.
My copy is scrawled with notes and underlinings, exclamation marks and mini-essays. I am as curious to reread it for these as I am for the printed text.
How much have I changed???
October 7, 2020
Der Titel sagt eigentlich schon worauf das Buch hinaus will: Die Autoren fassen die 5000 Jahre Menschheitsgeschichte auf vergleichsweise wenigen Seiten zusammen und kategorisieren dabei die Geschichte in verschiedenen Bereichen wie "Rasse", Moral oder Krieg.
Ist es m枚glich, dass "Geschichte sinnlos ist", dass sie uns nichts lehrt und dass die unermessliche Vergangenheit nur das m眉hsame Einstudieren der Fehler war, die die Zukunft auf einer gr枚脽eren B眉hne und in gr枚脽erem Ma脽stab zu machen bestimmt ist?
Lustiger Weise hatte ich heute eine kurze Diskussion 眉ber Geschichte. Geschichte ist f眉r viele staubtrocken, unlustig und zu fad. Viele denken, dass es sich nur um Fakten handelt, dabei ist es noch so viel mehr! Es ist nicht nur so, dass man aus vergangenem lernen kann, sondern es gibt auch Hoffnung auf die Zukunft, auf eine bessere Welt. Ich liebe wie das Buch abschlie脽t und die Geschichte als Erbe und Wachstum, etwas worauf Mensch stolz sein kann, bezeichnet.
Ich w眉nschte mir wirklich sehr, dass man an der Schule Geschichte nicht mehr nach Chronologie unterrichten w眉rde, sondern nach anderen Kriterien wie in diesem Buch zusammengefasst. Das w眉rde so vieles im Unterricht 盲ndern und viel mehr Interesse wecken.
Unser Ziel ist nicht Originalit盲t, sondern Inklusivit盲t
Ich hatte richtig viel Spa脽 beim Lesen und habe das Buch in wenigen Stunden durchgelesen. Man muss im Kopf behalten, dass diese Version die Erstver枚ffentlichung von 1968 ist, somit nat眉rlich nicht mehr alles korrekt ist und manches sogar schon sehr altmodisch wirkt. Aber trotz allem kann man aus den verschiedenen Interpretationen und Sichtweisen einiges lernen.
Es war mehr wie eine Zusammenfassung der Geschichte mit Kommentaren von einem alten Professor, der vor Begeisterung der Geschichte strotzt und hier und da Anekdoten zu erz盲hlen hat.
F眉r professionelle Kenner der Menschheitsgeschichte mag dieses Buch nicht ausreichend sein, weil es einfach zu kurz ist um tiefer in die Materie einzudringen. Aber f眉r jemand wie mich, der von der Geschichte fasziniert ist, bereits einiges kennt, aber noch lange kein Profi ist, war das genau richtig. Ich konnte gerade noch dem roten Faden folgen und war sehr am眉siert von seiner literarischen Reise durch die Menschheit.
** Dieses Buch wurde mir 眉ber NetGalley als E-Book zur Verf眉gung gestellt **
Ist es m枚glich, dass "Geschichte sinnlos ist", dass sie uns nichts lehrt und dass die unermessliche Vergangenheit nur das m眉hsame Einstudieren der Fehler war, die die Zukunft auf einer gr枚脽eren B眉hne und in gr枚脽erem Ma脽stab zu machen bestimmt ist?
Lustiger Weise hatte ich heute eine kurze Diskussion 眉ber Geschichte. Geschichte ist f眉r viele staubtrocken, unlustig und zu fad. Viele denken, dass es sich nur um Fakten handelt, dabei ist es noch so viel mehr! Es ist nicht nur so, dass man aus vergangenem lernen kann, sondern es gibt auch Hoffnung auf die Zukunft, auf eine bessere Welt. Ich liebe wie das Buch abschlie脽t und die Geschichte als Erbe und Wachstum, etwas worauf Mensch stolz sein kann, bezeichnet.
Ich w眉nschte mir wirklich sehr, dass man an der Schule Geschichte nicht mehr nach Chronologie unterrichten w眉rde, sondern nach anderen Kriterien wie in diesem Buch zusammengefasst. Das w眉rde so vieles im Unterricht 盲ndern und viel mehr Interesse wecken.
Unser Ziel ist nicht Originalit盲t, sondern Inklusivit盲t
Ich hatte richtig viel Spa脽 beim Lesen und habe das Buch in wenigen Stunden durchgelesen. Man muss im Kopf behalten, dass diese Version die Erstver枚ffentlichung von 1968 ist, somit nat眉rlich nicht mehr alles korrekt ist und manches sogar schon sehr altmodisch wirkt. Aber trotz allem kann man aus den verschiedenen Interpretationen und Sichtweisen einiges lernen.
Es war mehr wie eine Zusammenfassung der Geschichte mit Kommentaren von einem alten Professor, der vor Begeisterung der Geschichte strotzt und hier und da Anekdoten zu erz盲hlen hat.
F眉r professionelle Kenner der Menschheitsgeschichte mag dieses Buch nicht ausreichend sein, weil es einfach zu kurz ist um tiefer in die Materie einzudringen. Aber f眉r jemand wie mich, der von der Geschichte fasziniert ist, bereits einiges kennt, aber noch lange kein Profi ist, war das genau richtig. Ich konnte gerade noch dem roten Faden folgen und war sehr am眉siert von seiner literarischen Reise durch die Menschheit.
** Dieses Buch wurde mir 眉ber NetGalley als E-Book zur Verf眉gung gestellt **
March 26, 2025
丿乇爻鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 讴鬲丕亘 賲禺鬲氐乇蹖賴 讴賴 賵蹖賱 賵 丌乇蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 亘毓丿 丕夭 鬲賲賵賲 讴乇丿賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴鈥屰� 毓馗蹖賲 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 賳賵卮鬲賳. 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿賳 賳讴丕鬲 讴賵鬲丕賴 賵 賲賴賲蹖 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 毓賵丕賲賱 丕孬乇诏匕丕乇 亘乇 丕賵賳 亘蹖丕賳 讴賳賳. 賲孬賱 乇丕亘胤賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 噩賳诏貙 丕賯鬲氐丕丿貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻賲貙 丕賯鬲氐丕丿貙 丿蹖賳貙 丕禺賱丕賯 賵...
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 噩賵乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴乇 噩賲賱賴鈥屰� 禺賵丿卮 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴賳賴 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 亘丿賴. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘賴 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲賴 讴賴 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 丿丕乇賳 賳鬲丕蹖噩 鬲丨賯蹖賯丕鬲 賵 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏� 賵 亘毓囟蹖 賵賯鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й� 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 賲鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屭嗀堎嗁�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 賳亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲賵賯毓 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 讴丕賲賱 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖丿. 丿乇爻鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賵卮鬲賴 賳卮丿賴 亘賱讴賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賳賯卮 蹖賴 丿乇賵丕夭賴 蹖丕 倬賱 乇賵 丿丕乇賴 讴賴 爻賵丕賱丕鬲蹖 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 匕賴賳 卮賲丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕乇賴 賵 卮賲丕 乇賵 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵賳丿賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 丌賲丕丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
讴鬲丕亘 蹖賴 賮氐賱蹖 丿丕乇賴 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦丌蹖丕 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿責禄 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賮氐賱 乇賵 賲蹖卮賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屰� 賲胤丕賱亘 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲. 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賮氐賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 爻賵丕賱蹖 乇賵 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丿賳蹖丕 噩丕蹖 亘賴鬲乇蹖 賳爻亘鬲 亘賴 賯亘賱 卮丿賴 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲蹖 丿乇 鬲賲丿賳 亘卮乇蹖 氐賵乇鬲 诏乇賮鬲賴 蹖丕 賳賴. 丕賵丕蹖賱 賮氐賱 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱蹖賴 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘诏賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 丿賳蹖丕 夭蹖丕丿 賴賲 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲 丕賲丕 丕夭 丕賵丕爻胤 賮氐賱 賵乇賯 乇賵 亘乇賲蹖鈥屭必堎嗁� 賵 丿乇 丿賮丕毓 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 氐丨亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩丕賱亘蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
"亘乇丕蹖 賳丕丌爻賵丿賴 亘賵丿賳 趩賳丕賳 馗乇賮蹖鬲蹖 丿丕乇蹖賲 讴賴 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賴賲 讴賴 亘乇 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 禺賵丿 睾賱亘賴 讴賳蹖賲貙 賵 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賴賲 讴賴 丌乇賲丕賳鈥屬囏й屬呚з� 鬲丨賯賯 倬匕蹖乇丿貙 亘丕夭 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 芦亘蹖趩丕乇賴鈥屫й� 亘夭乇诏禄 亘丕卮蹖賲 亘賴丕賳賴鈥岋拷锟桔� 倬蹖丿丕 禺賵丕賴蹖賲 讴乇丿."
丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 亘丕 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 亘毓丿 丕夭 亘蹖丕賳 賳馗乇丕鬲卮賵賳貙 亘賴 趩賳蹖賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屫й� 賲蹖鈥屫必迟�:
"賳蹖讴亘禺鬲 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴貙 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賲乇丿賳卮貙 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 讴賴 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 鬲賵卮賴 亘乇诏蹖乇丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 賲賳鬲賯賱 讴賳丿. 趩賳蹖賳 讴爻蹖貙 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲 夭賳丿诏蹖貙 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬丕蹖丕賳鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 讴賴 丿乇 丿爻鬲乇爻卮 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 爻倬丕爻诏夭丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丕蹖賳貙 爻乇趩卮賲賴鈥屰� 讴賲丕賱 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 噩丕賵丿丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲."
賲賳 賴賲 賳爻禺賴 賳卮乇 毓賱賲蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丿乇 丿爻鬲乇爻賲 亘賵丿 賴賲 賳爻禺賴 賳卮乇 賯賯賳賵爻 賵 鬲賵氐蹖賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 毓賱賲蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖丿.
亘乇蹖賲 賵丕爻賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳馃ジ
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 噩賵乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴乇 噩賲賱賴鈥屰� 禺賵丿卮 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴賳賴 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 亘丿賴. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘賴 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲賴 讴賴 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 丿丕乇賳 賳鬲丕蹖噩 鬲丨賯蹖賯丕鬲 賵 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏� 賵 亘毓囟蹖 賵賯鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й� 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 賲鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屭嗀堎嗁�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 賳亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲賵賯毓 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 讴丕賲賱 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖丿. 丿乇爻鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賵卮鬲賴 賳卮丿賴 亘賱讴賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賳賯卮 蹖賴 丿乇賵丕夭賴 蹖丕 倬賱 乇賵 丿丕乇賴 讴賴 爻賵丕賱丕鬲蹖 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 匕賴賳 卮賲丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕乇賴 賵 卮賲丕 乇賵 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵賳丿賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 丌賲丕丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
讴鬲丕亘 蹖賴 賮氐賱蹖 丿丕乇賴 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦丌蹖丕 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿責禄 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賮氐賱 乇賵 賲蹖卮賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屰� 賲胤丕賱亘 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲. 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賮氐賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 爻賵丕賱蹖 乇賵 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丿賳蹖丕 噩丕蹖 亘賴鬲乇蹖 賳爻亘鬲 亘賴 賯亘賱 卮丿賴 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲蹖 丿乇 鬲賲丿賳 亘卮乇蹖 氐賵乇鬲 诏乇賮鬲賴 蹖丕 賳賴. 丕賵丕蹖賱 賮氐賱 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱蹖賴 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘诏賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 丿賳蹖丕 夭蹖丕丿 賴賲 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲 丕賲丕 丕夭 丕賵丕爻胤 賮氐賱 賵乇賯 乇賵 亘乇賲蹖鈥屭必堎嗁� 賵 丿乇 丿賮丕毓 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 氐丨亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩丕賱亘蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
"亘乇丕蹖 賳丕丌爻賵丿賴 亘賵丿賳 趩賳丕賳 馗乇賮蹖鬲蹖 丿丕乇蹖賲 讴賴 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賴賲 讴賴 亘乇 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 禺賵丿 睾賱亘賴 讴賳蹖賲貙 賵 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賴賲 讴賴 丌乇賲丕賳鈥屬囏й屬呚з� 鬲丨賯賯 倬匕蹖乇丿貙 亘丕夭 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 芦亘蹖趩丕乇賴鈥屫й� 亘夭乇诏禄 亘丕卮蹖賲 亘賴丕賳賴鈥岋拷锟桔� 倬蹖丿丕 禺賵丕賴蹖賲 讴乇丿."
丿賵乇丕賳鬲鈥屬囏� 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 亘丕 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 亘毓丿 丕夭 亘蹖丕賳 賳馗乇丕鬲卮賵賳貙 亘賴 趩賳蹖賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屫й� 賲蹖鈥屫必迟�:
"賳蹖讴亘禺鬲 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴貙 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賲乇丿賳卮貙 賴乇 丕賳丿丕夭賴 讴賴 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 丕夭 賲蹖乇丕孬 鬲賲丿賳 鬲賵卮賴 亘乇诏蹖乇丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 賲賳鬲賯賱 讴賳丿. 趩賳蹖賳 讴爻蹖貙 鬲丕 賵丕倬爻蹖賳 丿賲 夭賳丿诏蹖貙 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲蹖乇丕孬 倬丕蹖丕賳鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 讴賴 丿乇 丿爻鬲乇爻卮 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 爻倬丕爻诏夭丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丕蹖賳貙 爻乇趩卮賲賴鈥屰� 讴賲丕賱 賵 丨蹖丕鬲 噩丕賵丿丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲."
賲賳 賴賲 賳爻禺賴 賳卮乇 毓賱賲蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丿乇 丿爻鬲乇爻賲 亘賵丿 賴賲 賳爻禺賴 賳卮乇 賯賯賳賵爻 賵 鬲賵氐蹖賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 毓賱賲蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖丿.
亘乇蹖賲 賵丕爻賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳馃ジ
September 25, 2024
(賴賱 賳毓賱賲 丨賯丕 賲丕匕丕 賲囟賶責 賲丕 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲賷 賵賯毓鬲 亘丕賱賮毓賱責 兀賲 兀賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳丕 丕賱廿鬲賮丕賯 毓賱賷賴丕 責 )
毓賽賱賲賳丕 毓賳 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞 丿丕卅賲丕賸 賳丕賯氐 賵睾賷乇 丿賯賷賯 賮賷 兀睾賱亘 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲.. 賵賲卮賵卮 亘丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱賲鬲囟丕乇亘丞 賵丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 丕賱賲鬲丨賷夭賷賳貙 賵乇亘賲丕 賷賰賵賳 賲卮賵賴丕賸 兀賷囟丕賸 亘賳丨賷丕夭丕鬲賳丕 賵鬲毓氐亘丕鬲賳丕 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賵胤賳賷丞..
賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲爻丕亍賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賲丕 賷賲賰賳 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 賷毓乇囟賴 賱賳丕 毓賳 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱亘卮乇 賵爻賱賵賰賴賲 賵丌賮丕賯 賲爻鬲賯亘賱賴賲 賵匕賱賰 鬲丨鬲 毓丿丞 毓賳丕賵賷賳 賲賳賴丕:
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱兀乇囟
(丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 禺丕囟毓 賱賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕)貙 賮賯丿 鬲購丿賮賳 丨囟丕乇丕鬲 鬲丨鬲 丕賱乇賲丕賱 賮賯胤 賱毓丿賲 賴胤賵賱 兀賲胤丕乇 賰丕賮賷丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 丌爻賷丕 兀賵 鬲賳睾賲乇 賵爻胤 丕賱睾丕亘丕鬲 廿匕丕 賴胤賱鬲 兀賲胤丕乇 睾夭賷乇丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 兀賲乇賷賰丕 ..賵賱賰賳 禺丕乇胤丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 鬲鬲睾賷乇 丕賱丌賳 賵賷囟毓賮 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賰賱賲丕 鬲胤賵乇鬲 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 ..賵 賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 "賵丨丿賴 禺賷丕賱 丕賱賯丕丿丞 賵賲亘丕丿乇丕鬲賴賲 賵丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱丿丐賵亘 丕賱匕賷 賷亘匕賱賴 丕鬲亘丕毓賴賲 賴賷 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賵丨賷丿賴 丕賱賯丕丿乇丞 毓賱賶 廿賯丕賲丞 丨囟丕乇丞 賮賷 賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丌賱丕賮 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 賵丕賱賲氐丕毓亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 .. 賮丕賱亘卮乇 賱丕 丕賱兀乇囟 賴賲 丕賱匕賷賳 賷禺賱賯賵賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕
賷毓賱賲賳丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 孬賱丕孬 丿乇賵爻 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賴賶:
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱兀賵賱: ( 兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賲賳丕賮爻丞) ..
賮賳丨賳 禺丕囟毓賵賳 賱毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 .. 禺丕囟毓賵賳 賱氐乇丕毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵賱氐賱丕丨賷丞 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨 .
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱孬丕賳賷: ( 兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賳鬲賯丕亍) ..
賮亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 鬲賳噩丨 賵亘毓囟賴丕 賷賮卮賱 賮賶 丕賱氐乇丕毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍貙 賮賳丨賳 噩賲賷毓丕賸 賱丕 賳賵賱丿 兀丨乇丕乇丕賸 賵賱丕 賲鬲爻丕賵賷賷賳 .. 賳丨賳 賲丨賰賵賲賵賳 亘賲賵乇賵孬賳丕 丕賱噩爻丿賷 賵丕賱賳賮爻賷 賵賲丨賰賵賲賵賳 亘毓丕丿丕鬲 賵鬲賯丕賱賷丿 噩賲丕毓鬲賳丕 ... 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賵賳 亘卮丿丞 賮賷 賲丕 賵賴亘賳丕 賲賳 氐丨丞 賵賯賵丞 噩爻丿賷丞 賵賲賳 賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕 丕賱匕賴賳賷丞 賵氐賮丕鬲賳丕 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賵賱賷爻 丕賱鬲賮丕賵鬲 胤亘賷毓賷丕賸 賵賮胤乇賷丕賸 賮丨爻亘 亘賱 廿賳賴 賷賳賲賵 賲毓 夭賷丕丿丞 鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲.. 賮丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 鬲爻禺乇 賲賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賱兀賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 丨鬲賲丕賸 賵丿丕卅賲丕賸 毓丿賵丕賳 賱丿賵丿丕賳 賲鬲賶 毓賲 兀丨丿賴賲丕 丕賳丨氐乇 丕賱丌禺乇 ..
丕鬲乇賰 丕賱賳丕爻 兀丨乇丕乇丕 賵 爻鬲鬲囟丕毓賮 鬲賮丕賵鬲丕鬲賴賲 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵賱鬲丨賯賷賯 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 賳賲賵 丕賱鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 賷噩亘 丕賱鬲囟丨賷丞 亘丕賱丨乇賷丞.
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱孬丕賱孬: (兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲鬲賰丕孬乇) 賮丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 賱丕 鬲毓亘兀 亘丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賶 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賴丕 兀賳 鬲鬲賰丕孬乇 亘賵賮乇丞... 賮賲毓丿賱丕鬲 丕賱賵賱丕丿丞 賷賲賰賳賴丕 兀賳 鬲賮毓賱 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賲賳 鬲丨丿賷丿 賲氐賷乇 丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲 賵丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱毓乇賯
賮賳丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱廿丿毓丕亍 亘兀賳 (丕賱噩賳爻 丕賱丌乇賷 亘胤亘賷毓鬲賴 賲鬲賮賵賯 毓賱賶 亘丕賯賷 丕賱兀噩賳丕爻) 賯丕卅賱丕賸:
廿賳 丿賵乇 丕賱毓乇賯 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丿賵乇 鬲賲賴賷丿賷 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 丿賵乇丕賸 禺賱丕賯丕賸 .. 賵兀賳 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 鬲毓賱賲賳丕 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賲賳鬲噩 賷丨鬲丕噩 廿賱賶 鬲毓丕賵賳 丕賱噩賲賷毓 賵兀賳 賰賱 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲賯乇賷亘丕賸 賯丿 兀爻賴賲賵丕 賮賷 鬲賰賵賷賳賴.
鈾� 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賱丕 鬲購亘賳賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱賮囟丕卅賱 賵丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱毓賱賷丕貙 賵賱賰賳 鬲購亘賳賷 毓賱賶 胤亘丕毓 丕賱亘卮乇 ..賮丕賱賲丨丕賮馗 丕賱匕賷 賷賯丕賵賲 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇 賲賴賲 賱賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲孬賱賴 賲孬賱 丕賱乇丕丿賷賰丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻毓賶 賱鬲睾賷賷乇賴貙 亘賱 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷丞 賲賳賴.. 賰賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱噩匕賵乇 兀賴賲 賱賱卮噩乇丞 賵兀賰孬乇 丨賷賵賷丞 賲賳 丕賱噩匕賵毓 賮賲賳 丕賱噩賷丿 兀賳 鬲爻賲毓 丕賱丌乇丕亍 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 丨鬲賶 鬲兀禺匕 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賵丕賱丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲貙 賵賲賳 丕賱噩賷丿 兀賷囟丕賸 兀賳 鬲鬲毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 賱胤賵丕丨賷賳 丕賱乇賮囟 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 賵丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賮賴匕賴 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 鬲賯賮 亘賲孬丕亘丞 廿禺鬲亘丕乇 丨乇丕乇賷 賱賱兀賮賰丕乇 賯亘賱 兀賳 賷購爻賲丨 賱賴丕 兀賳 鬲丿禺賱 毓賱賶 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱亘卮乇賷貙 賮賲賳 丕賱賲賮賷丿 賵丕賱噩賷丿 兀賳 賷賯丕賵賲 丕賱賰亘丕乇 丕賱氐睾丕乇 賵兀賳 賷賳丿賮毓 丕賱噩賷賱 丕賱兀氐睾乇 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱噩賷賱 丕賱兀賰亘乇 賲賳賴丕貙 賮亘賷賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮丿 賵丕賱噩匕亘 鬲禺乇噩 賯賵賴 禺賱丕賯丞 噩丕匕亘丞 .
鈾� 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 兀賳 賳鬲匕賰乇 兀賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賳賰鬲亘賴 賲禺鬲賱賮 廿賱賶 丨丿 賰亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賳毓賷卮賴貙 賮丕賱賲丐乇禺賵賳 賷賰鬲亘賵賳 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷賴 賱兀賳賴丕 賲孬賷乇丞.. 賱兀賳賴丕 丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷丞!.. 賵 賷丐賰丿 賱賳丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲 鬲囟賲丨賱 賮賷 丕賱毓丕丿丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 賷亘丿兀 丕賱丕囟賲丨賱丕賱 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 .
鈾� 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
丕賱鬲毓賳鬲 丕賱丿賷賳賶 賵廿賳賰丕乇 丕賱丿賷賳 賰賱賷丞 賷鬲亘丕丿賱丕賳 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 賮賷 鬲賮丕毓賱 賲卮鬲乇賰 丿丕卅賲 亘賷賳賴賲丕 毓賱賶 賲丿丕乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.. 賮毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賵賲 賷丨賰賲 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱鬲毓賳鬲 毓賳丿賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 囟毓賷賮丞 賵賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲鬲丨賲賱 毓亘亍 鬲賲丕爻賰 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵鬲乇丕亘胤賴.. 賵賷賳鬲卮乇 丕賱鬲卮賰賷賰 賵丕賱廿賱丨丕丿 賮賷 丕賱賮鬲乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷賰賵賳 賮賷賴丕 爻賷丕丿丞 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵賯賵丞 丕賱丨賰賵賲丞 鬲爻賲丨丕賳 亘鬲賴賲賷卮 丿賵乇 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 丿賵賳 兀賳 賷賴丿丿 匕賱賰 丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 賵孬亘丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 .. 賵賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 丕賱丿賷賳 囟乇賵乇賷 賱丨賮馗 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯貙 賵兀賳 丕賱丕禺賱丕賯 丕賱賮胤乇賷丞 賵丨丿賴丕 丿賵賳 賵丕夭毓 丿賷賳賷 兀囟毓賮 賲賳 兀賳 鬲賯丕賵賲
丕賱賵丨卮賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲乇亘氐 亘丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賵鬲馗賴乇 賮賷 兀丨賱丕賲賳丕 賵噩乇丕卅賲賳丕 賵 丨乇賵亘賳丕..
鈾� 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
鬲噩賲購賾毓 丕賱孬乇賵丕鬲 胤亘賷毓賷 賵丨鬲賲賶 賮賷 兀賷 賲噩鬲賲毓貙 賵賷鬲賲 賰爻乇賴 賲賳 賮鬲乇賴 廿賱賶 兀禺乇賶 亘廿毓丕丿賴 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱噩夭卅賷 賱賱孬乇賵丞 爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳 賮賷 廿胤丕乇 爻賱賲賶 兀賵 毓賳賷賮.
鈾� 賳馗賲 丕賱丨賰賲 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
(兀賵賱 卮乇賵胤 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賵 丨丿賵丿賴丕 ...丕噩毓賱賴丕 亘賱丕 丨丿賵丿 賵爻鬲睾乇賯 賮賷 丕賱賮賵囟賶) ...
賱匕丕 賮丕賱賵馗賷賮丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丨賰賲 賴賶 兀賳 賷丨丕賮馗 毓賱賶 丕賱賳馗丕賲 ..賵賷匕賰乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 (丕賱賲賱賰賷丞 賴賷 兀賰孬乇 氐賵乇丞 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賱賱丨賰賲 賮賴賷 鬲丨丕賰賶 賮賷 爻賱胤鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩賲賵毓丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱兀亘 毓賱賶 丕賱兀爻乇丞貙 賵賱賵 兀賳賳丕 爻賳丨賰賲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 亘胤賵賱 丕賱賲丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賮馗鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 賰賱 氐賵乇丞 賱賱丨賰賲 賵賲丿賶 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕 賮爻賳丨賰賲 賲乇賴 兀禺乇賶 賱賱賲賱賰賷丞... 賮丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賱賲 鬲賰賳 廿賱丕 賮鬲乇丕鬲 廿毓賷丕亍 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘賴丕) .
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丨乇亘
丕賱丨乇亘 孬丕亘鬲 賲賳 孬賵丕亘鬲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 ..賵 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱丨乇亘 賴賷 賳賮爻賴丕 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賳丕賮爻 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 : 賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲賲賱賰 賵丨亘 丕賱賯鬲丕賱 賵丕賱賰亘乇賷丕亍 賵丕賱乇睾亘丞 賮賷 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賵丕賲鬲賱丕賰 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 賵丕賱賲賵丕丿 丕賱禺丕賲 賵丕賱賵賯賵丿 賵丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 賵丕賱爻賷丕丿丞 .
賮丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 胤亘賷毓鬲賴 "鬲賳丕賮爻賷丞" 賵 丿購賵賻賾賱丞 賱丕 亘丿 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賲孬賱賴 .. 賮賮賵丕氐賱 丕賱爻賱丕賲 丕賱爻丕卅丿 賴匕丞 睾賷乇 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷丞 賵爻鬲賳鬲賴賶 賯乇賷亘丕賸 亘鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賮賶 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞貙 賵兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱丌賳 賷毓賲賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱丿賵賱賶 賵賱賳 鬲鬲丨丿 丕賱丿賵賱 賮賶 鬲毓丕賵賳 兀爻丕爻賶 廿賱丕 廿匕丕 鬲毓乇囟鬲 亘卮賰賱 賲卮鬲乇賰 賱賱賴噩賵賲 賲賳 丕賱禺丕乇噩 ..
賵 賮賶 丕賱禺鬲丕賲 賷賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 :
亘賲丕 廿賳賳丕 賱賲 賳賯乇 兀賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 噩賵賴乇賷 賮賷 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賮賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 賲丨賵 賰賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丞 亘丕毓鬲亘丕乇賴丕 賲噩乇丿 賵爻丕卅賱 噩丿賷丿丞 賱鬲丨賯賷賯 睾丕賷丕鬲 賯丿賷賲賴( 丕賯鬲賳丕亍 丕賱爻賱毓 賵爻毓賶 兀丨丿 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 賵乇丕亍 丕賱噩賳爻 丕賱丌禺乇 賵丕賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 賵禺賵囟 丕賱丨乇賵亘)... 賵廿賳 兀丨丿 丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮丕鬲 丕賱賲丨亘胤賴 賵 丕賱賲禺賷亘丞 賱賱丌賲丕賱 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱毓賱賲 賲丨丕賷丿: 爻賷賯鬲賱 賲賳 兀噩賱賳丕 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 爻賷毓丕賱噩 .. 賵爻賷丿賲乇 賲賳 兀噩賱賳丕 亘爻賴賵賱丞 兀賰亘乇 賲賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷亘賳賷.. 賮賱賯丿 丕賳胤賵賶 鬲賯丿賲賳丕 賮賶 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 毓賱賶 亘毓囟 賲賳 氐亘睾丞 丕賱卮乇 賲毓 丕賱禺賷乇 ..
賵 賯丿 賳乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賯丿賲丕亍 賷馗賮乇賵賳 亘丕賱噩丕卅夭丞 賮賶 丕賱賲賳丕馗乇丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵 丕賱丨丿賷孬貙 賵賱賰賳 賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 兀賳 賳囟毓 賮賶 丕賱丨爻亘丕賳 賲丕 鬲賲 丕賱賯囟丕亍 毓賱賷賴 賮賶 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賲賳 兀賲乇丕囟 賵兀賵亘卅丞 賵賲噩丕毓丕鬲 賵 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賵 .... 賵 賲丕 丨氐賱賳丕 毓賱賷賴 賲賳 乇賮丕賴賷丞 賵乇丕丨丞 賵鬲毓賱賷賲 賵 ... 賮丕賱賵囟毓 賱賷爻 亘丕賱爻賵亍 丕賱匕賶 賳馗賳賴 !
毓賽賱賲賳丕 毓賳 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞 丿丕卅賲丕賸 賳丕賯氐 賵睾賷乇 丿賯賷賯 賮賷 兀睾賱亘 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲.. 賵賲卮賵卮 亘丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱賲鬲囟丕乇亘丞 賵丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 丕賱賲鬲丨賷夭賷賳貙 賵乇亘賲丕 賷賰賵賳 賲卮賵賴丕賸 兀賷囟丕賸 亘賳丨賷丕夭丕鬲賳丕 賵鬲毓氐亘丕鬲賳丕 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賵胤賳賷丞..
賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲爻丕亍賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賲丕 賷賲賰賳 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 賷毓乇囟賴 賱賳丕 毓賳 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱亘卮乇 賵爻賱賵賰賴賲 賵丌賮丕賯 賲爻鬲賯亘賱賴賲 賵匕賱賰 鬲丨鬲 毓丿丞 毓賳丕賵賷賳 賲賳賴丕:
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱兀乇囟
(丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 禺丕囟毓 賱賱噩賷賵賱賵噩賷丕)貙 賮賯丿 鬲購丿賮賳 丨囟丕乇丕鬲 鬲丨鬲 丕賱乇賲丕賱 賮賯胤 賱毓丿賲 賴胤賵賱 兀賲胤丕乇 賰丕賮賷丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 丌爻賷丕 兀賵 鬲賳睾賲乇 賵爻胤 丕賱睾丕亘丕鬲 廿匕丕 賴胤賱鬲 兀賲胤丕乇 睾夭賷乇丞 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賵爻胤 兀賲乇賷賰丕 ..賵賱賰賳 禺丕乇胤丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 鬲鬲睾賷乇 丕賱丌賳 賵賷囟毓賮 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賰賱賲丕 鬲胤賵乇鬲 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 ..賵 賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 "賵丨丿賴 禺賷丕賱 丕賱賯丕丿丞 賵賲亘丕丿乇丕鬲賴賲 賵丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱丿丐賵亘 丕賱匕賷 賷亘匕賱賴 丕鬲亘丕毓賴賲 賴賷 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賵丨賷丿賴 丕賱賯丕丿乇丞 毓賱賶 廿賯丕賲丞 丨囟丕乇丞 賮賷 賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丌賱丕賮 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 賵丕賱賲氐丕毓亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 .. 賮丕賱亘卮乇 賱丕 丕賱兀乇囟 賴賲 丕賱匕賷賳 賷禺賱賯賵賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕
賷毓賱賲賳丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 孬賱丕孬 丿乇賵爻 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賴賶:
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱兀賵賱: ( 兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賲賳丕賮爻丞) ..
賮賳丨賳 禺丕囟毓賵賳 賱毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 .. 禺丕囟毓賵賳 賱氐乇丕毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵賱氐賱丕丨賷丞 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨 .
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱孬丕賳賷: ( 兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賳鬲賯丕亍) ..
賮亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 鬲賳噩丨 賵亘毓囟賴丕 賷賮卮賱 賮賶 丕賱氐乇丕毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍貙 賮賳丨賳 噩賲賷毓丕賸 賱丕 賳賵賱丿 兀丨乇丕乇丕賸 賵賱丕 賲鬲爻丕賵賷賷賳 .. 賳丨賳 賲丨賰賵賲賵賳 亘賲賵乇賵孬賳丕 丕賱噩爻丿賷 賵丕賱賳賮爻賷 賵賲丨賰賵賲賵賳 亘毓丕丿丕鬲 賵鬲賯丕賱賷丿 噩賲丕毓鬲賳丕 ... 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賵賳 亘卮丿丞 賮賷 賲丕 賵賴亘賳丕 賲賳 氐丨丞 賵賯賵丞 噩爻丿賷丞 賵賲賳 賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕 丕賱匕賴賳賷丞 賵氐賮丕鬲賳丕 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賵賱賷爻 丕賱鬲賮丕賵鬲 胤亘賷毓賷丕賸 賵賮胤乇賷丕賸 賮丨爻亘 亘賱 廿賳賴 賷賳賲賵 賲毓 夭賷丕丿丞 鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲.. 賮丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 鬲爻禺乇 賲賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 賱兀賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 丨鬲賲丕賸 賵丿丕卅賲丕賸 毓丿賵丕賳 賱丿賵丿丕賳 賲鬲賶 毓賲 兀丨丿賴賲丕 丕賳丨氐乇 丕賱丌禺乇 ..
丕鬲乇賰 丕賱賳丕爻 兀丨乇丕乇丕 賵 爻鬲鬲囟丕毓賮 鬲賮丕賵鬲丕鬲賴賲 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵賱鬲丨賯賷賯 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 賳賲賵 丕賱鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 賷噩亘 丕賱鬲囟丨賷丞 亘丕賱丨乇賷丞.
鈻笌丕賱丿乇爻 丕賱亘賷賵賱賵噩賷 丕賱孬丕賱孬: (兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲鬲賰丕孬乇) 賮丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 賱丕 鬲毓亘兀 亘丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賶 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賴丕 兀賳 鬲鬲賰丕孬乇 亘賵賮乇丞... 賮賲毓丿賱丕鬲 丕賱賵賱丕丿丞 賷賲賰賳賴丕 兀賳 鬲賮毓賱 賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賲賳 鬲丨丿賷丿 賲氐賷乇 丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲 賵丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱毓乇賯
賮賳丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱廿丿毓丕亍 亘兀賳 (丕賱噩賳爻 丕賱丌乇賷 亘胤亘賷毓鬲賴 賲鬲賮賵賯 毓賱賶 亘丕賯賷 丕賱兀噩賳丕爻) 賯丕卅賱丕賸:
廿賳 丿賵乇 丕賱毓乇賯 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丿賵乇 鬲賲賴賷丿賷 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 丿賵乇丕賸 禺賱丕賯丕賸 .. 賵兀賳 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 鬲毓賱賲賳丕 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賲賳鬲噩 賷丨鬲丕噩 廿賱賶 鬲毓丕賵賳 丕賱噩賲賷毓 賵兀賳 賰賱 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲賯乇賷亘丕賸 賯丿 兀爻賴賲賵丕 賮賷 鬲賰賵賷賳賴.
鈾� 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賱丕 鬲購亘賳賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱賮囟丕卅賱 賵丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱毓賱賷丕貙 賵賱賰賳 鬲購亘賳賷 毓賱賶 胤亘丕毓 丕賱亘卮乇 ..賮丕賱賲丨丕賮馗 丕賱匕賷 賷賯丕賵賲 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇 賲賴賲 賱賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲孬賱賴 賲孬賱 丕賱乇丕丿賷賰丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻毓賶 賱鬲睾賷賷乇賴貙 亘賱 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀賰孬乇 兀賴賲賷丞 賲賳賴.. 賰賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱噩匕賵乇 兀賴賲 賱賱卮噩乇丞 賵兀賰孬乇 丨賷賵賷丞 賲賳 丕賱噩匕賵毓 賮賲賳 丕賱噩賷丿 兀賳 鬲爻賲毓 丕賱丌乇丕亍 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 丨鬲賶 鬲兀禺匕 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賵丕賱丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲貙 賵賲賳 丕賱噩賷丿 兀賷囟丕賸 兀賳 鬲鬲毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 賱胤賵丕丨賷賳 丕賱乇賮囟 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 賵丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賮賴匕賴 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 鬲賯賮 亘賲孬丕亘丞 廿禺鬲亘丕乇 丨乇丕乇賷 賱賱兀賮賰丕乇 賯亘賱 兀賳 賷購爻賲丨 賱賴丕 兀賳 鬲丿禺賱 毓賱賶 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱亘卮乇賷貙 賮賲賳 丕賱賲賮賷丿 賵丕賱噩賷丿 兀賳 賷賯丕賵賲 丕賱賰亘丕乇 丕賱氐睾丕乇 賵兀賳 賷賳丿賮毓 丕賱噩賷賱 丕賱兀氐睾乇 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱噩賷賱 丕賱兀賰亘乇 賲賳賴丕貙 賮亘賷賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮丿 賵丕賱噩匕亘 鬲禺乇噩 賯賵賴 禺賱丕賯丞 噩丕匕亘丞 .
鈾� 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 兀賳 賳鬲匕賰乇 兀賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賳賰鬲亘賴 賲禺鬲賱賮 廿賱賶 丨丿 賰亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賳毓賷卮賴貙 賮丕賱賲丐乇禺賵賳 賷賰鬲亘賵賳 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷賴 賱兀賳賴丕 賲孬賷乇丞.. 賱兀賳賴丕 丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷丞!.. 賵 賷丐賰丿 賱賳丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 丕賱丨囟丕乇丕鬲 鬲囟賲丨賱 賮賷 丕賱毓丕丿丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 賷亘丿兀 丕賱丕囟賲丨賱丕賱 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 .
鈾� 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
丕賱鬲毓賳鬲 丕賱丿賷賳賶 賵廿賳賰丕乇 丕賱丿賷賳 賰賱賷丞 賷鬲亘丕丿賱丕賳 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 賮賷 鬲賮丕毓賱 賲卮鬲乇賰 丿丕卅賲 亘賷賳賴賲丕 毓賱賶 賲丿丕乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.. 賮毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賵賲 賷丨賰賲 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱鬲毓賳鬲 毓賳丿賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 囟毓賷賮丞 賵賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲鬲丨賲賱 毓亘亍 鬲賲丕爻賰 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵鬲乇丕亘胤賴.. 賵賷賳鬲卮乇 丕賱鬲卮賰賷賰 賵丕賱廿賱丨丕丿 賮賷 丕賱賮鬲乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷賰賵賳 賮賷賴丕 爻賷丕丿丞 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 賵賯賵丞 丕賱丨賰賵賲丞 鬲爻賲丨丕賳 亘鬲賴賲賷卮 丿賵乇 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 賵丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 丿賵賳 兀賳 賷賴丿丿 匕賱賰 丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 賵孬亘丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 .. 賵賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 丕賱丿賷賳 囟乇賵乇賷 賱丨賮馗 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯貙 賵兀賳 丕賱丕禺賱丕賯 丕賱賮胤乇賷丞 賵丨丿賴丕 丿賵賳 賵丕夭毓 丿賷賳賷 兀囟毓賮 賲賳 兀賳 鬲賯丕賵賲
丕賱賵丨卮賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲乇亘氐 亘丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 賵鬲馗賴乇 賮賷 兀丨賱丕賲賳丕 賵噩乇丕卅賲賳丕 賵 丨乇賵亘賳丕..
鈾� 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
鬲噩賲購賾毓 丕賱孬乇賵丕鬲 胤亘賷毓賷 賵丨鬲賲賶 賮賷 兀賷 賲噩鬲賲毓貙 賵賷鬲賲 賰爻乇賴 賲賳 賮鬲乇賴 廿賱賶 兀禺乇賶 亘廿毓丕丿賴 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱噩夭卅賷 賱賱孬乇賵丞 爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳 賮賷 廿胤丕乇 爻賱賲賶 兀賵 毓賳賷賮.
鈾� 賳馗賲 丕賱丨賰賲 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
(兀賵賱 卮乇賵胤 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賵 丨丿賵丿賴丕 ...丕噩毓賱賴丕 亘賱丕 丨丿賵丿 賵爻鬲睾乇賯 賮賷 丕賱賮賵囟賶) ...
賱匕丕 賮丕賱賵馗賷賮丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丨賰賲 賴賶 兀賳 賷丨丕賮馗 毓賱賶 丕賱賳馗丕賲 ..賵賷匕賰乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳 (丕賱賲賱賰賷丞 賴賷 兀賰孬乇 氐賵乇丞 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賱賱丨賰賲 賮賴賷 鬲丨丕賰賶 賮賷 爻賱胤鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩賲賵毓丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱兀亘 毓賱賶 丕賱兀爻乇丞貙 賵賱賵 兀賳賳丕 爻賳丨賰賲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 亘胤賵賱 丕賱賲丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賮馗鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 賰賱 氐賵乇丞 賱賱丨賰賲 賵賲丿賶 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕 賮爻賳丨賰賲 賲乇賴 兀禺乇賶 賱賱賲賱賰賷丞... 賮丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賱賲 鬲賰賳 廿賱丕 賮鬲乇丕鬲 廿毓賷丕亍 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘賴丕) .
鈾� 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱丨乇亘
丕賱丨乇亘 孬丕亘鬲 賲賳 孬賵丕亘鬲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 ..賵 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱丨乇亘 賴賷 賳賮爻賴丕 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賱鬲賳丕賮爻 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 : 賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲賲賱賰 賵丨亘 丕賱賯鬲丕賱 賵丕賱賰亘乇賷丕亍 賵丕賱乇睾亘丞 賮賷 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賵丕賲鬲賱丕賰 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 賵丕賱賲賵丕丿 丕賱禺丕賲 賵丕賱賵賯賵丿 賵丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 賵丕賱爻賷丕丿丞 .
賮丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 胤亘賷毓鬲賴 "鬲賳丕賮爻賷丞" 賵 丿購賵賻賾賱丞 賱丕 亘丿 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賲孬賱賴 .. 賮賮賵丕氐賱 丕賱爻賱丕賲 丕賱爻丕卅丿 賴匕丞 睾賷乇 胤亘賷毓賷丞 賵丕爻鬲孬賳丕卅賷丞 賵爻鬲賳鬲賴賶 賯乇賷亘丕賸 亘鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賮賶 鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞貙 賵兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱丌賳 賷毓賲賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱丿賵賱賶 賵賱賳 鬲鬲丨丿 丕賱丿賵賱 賮賶 鬲毓丕賵賳 兀爻丕爻賶 廿賱丕 廿匕丕 鬲毓乇囟鬲 亘卮賰賱 賲卮鬲乇賰 賱賱賴噩賵賲 賲賳 丕賱禺丕乇噩 ..
賵 賮賶 丕賱禺鬲丕賲 賷賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 :
亘賲丕 廿賳賳丕 賱賲 賳賯乇 兀賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 噩賵賴乇賷 賮賷 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賮賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 賲丨賵 賰賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丞 亘丕毓鬲亘丕乇賴丕 賲噩乇丿 賵爻丕卅賱 噩丿賷丿丞 賱鬲丨賯賷賯 睾丕賷丕鬲 賯丿賷賲賴( 丕賯鬲賳丕亍 丕賱爻賱毓 賵爻毓賶 兀丨丿 丕賱噩賳爻賷賳 賵乇丕亍 丕賱噩賳爻 丕賱丌禺乇 賵丕賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 賵禺賵囟 丕賱丨乇賵亘)... 賵廿賳 兀丨丿 丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮丕鬲 丕賱賲丨亘胤賴 賵 丕賱賲禺賷亘丞 賱賱丌賲丕賱 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱毓賱賲 賲丨丕賷丿: 爻賷賯鬲賱 賲賳 兀噩賱賳丕 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 爻賷毓丕賱噩 .. 賵爻賷丿賲乇 賲賳 兀噩賱賳丕 亘爻賴賵賱丞 兀賰亘乇 賲賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷亘賳賷.. 賮賱賯丿 丕賳胤賵賶 鬲賯丿賲賳丕 賮賶 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 毓賱賶 亘毓囟 賲賳 氐亘睾丞 丕賱卮乇 賲毓 丕賱禺賷乇 ..
賵 賯丿 賳乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賯丿賲丕亍 賷馗賮乇賵賳 亘丕賱噩丕卅夭丞 賮賶 丕賱賲賳丕馗乇丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵 丕賱丨丿賷孬貙 賵賱賰賳 賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 兀賳 賳囟毓 賮賶 丕賱丨爻亘丕賳 賲丕 鬲賲 丕賱賯囟丕亍 毓賱賷賴 賮賶 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賲賳 兀賲乇丕囟 賵兀賵亘卅丞 賵賲噩丕毓丕鬲 賵 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賵 .... 賵 賲丕 丨氐賱賳丕 毓賱賷賴 賲賳 乇賮丕賴賷丞 賵乇丕丨丞 賵鬲毓賱賷賲 賵 ... 賮丕賱賵囟毓 賱賷爻 亘丕賱爻賵亍 丕賱匕賶 賳馗賳賴 !
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October 21, 2024This is a very remarkable book. Will Durant, an American philosopher and historian, together with his wife Ariel wrote a world history in 11 volumes, published between 1935 and 1975. This booklet is an attempt to summarize what they learned from this experience.
In the introduction Durant warns that it is a very subjective view, and above all departing from the doubt whether we really can learn something from history: "only a fool would try to compress a hundred centuries into a hundred pages of hazardous conclusions. We proceed. ". This laconic way of writing is very typical of this work. The Durants, despite their doubts, do not hesitate to posit some very confident assertions, especially in his first chapter: "Life is selection. We are all born unfree and UNEQUAL"/" Heaven and utopia are buckets in a well: when one goes down the other goes up! When religion declines Communism grows". These are just a few examples, but they immediately make clear that the Durants also are children of their time: in many instances they state that the world in the year 1968 clearly is in moral decline (homosexuality is explicitly mentioned as an example), that the degradation of authority has become overpowering and that modern art is a total aberration. All very conservative-reactionary, indeed. But in other places they are very cautious and nuanced: they're not sure if war is always justified, or whether religion plays a useful role in society, etc.
In short, the Durants can not be pinned down to just one stance. They have a complex, quirky look on history, with sometimes really interesting views. For example, according to them, progress is not really measurable, because depending on what criterion or angle you choose. But progress lies for them in that you can build on previous generations and civilizations, and in that respect we are better off than ever. All in all, an interesting booklet, but you have to take into account the personal view of the authors.
(rating 2.5 stars)
In the introduction Durant warns that it is a very subjective view, and above all departing from the doubt whether we really can learn something from history: "only a fool would try to compress a hundred centuries into a hundred pages of hazardous conclusions. We proceed. ". This laconic way of writing is very typical of this work. The Durants, despite their doubts, do not hesitate to posit some very confident assertions, especially in his first chapter: "Life is selection. We are all born unfree and UNEQUAL"/" Heaven and utopia are buckets in a well: when one goes down the other goes up! When religion declines Communism grows". These are just a few examples, but they immediately make clear that the Durants also are children of their time: in many instances they state that the world in the year 1968 clearly is in moral decline (homosexuality is explicitly mentioned as an example), that the degradation of authority has become overpowering and that modern art is a total aberration. All very conservative-reactionary, indeed. But in other places they are very cautious and nuanced: they're not sure if war is always justified, or whether religion plays a useful role in society, etc.
In short, the Durants can not be pinned down to just one stance. They have a complex, quirky look on history, with sometimes really interesting views. For example, according to them, progress is not really measurable, because depending on what criterion or angle you choose. But progress lies for them in that you can build on previous generations and civilizations, and in that respect we are better off than ever. All in all, an interesting booklet, but you have to take into account the personal view of the authors.
(rating 2.5 stars)
January 23, 2025
January 2025 UPDATE:
Sometimes I feel like an old man yelling at the clouds (sigh):
The lessons of history summarized here include that a wide discrepancy in wealth distribution within a society results in perceptions of injustice, a breakdown of social order, generalized chaos and sometimes war. The combination of capitalism and liberal democracy generates increasing levels of income and wealth disparity until, if something is not done to rebalance the system (e.g., progressive taxes or other redistributive actions), extremist politics and extremist government inevitably result.
My fellow Americans, take due note! (Republicans, you need to tax more and invest more public money in the people; Democrats, you need to get back to your original game of standing up for the little guy, and stop cozying up to big business and identity politics). If we don鈥檛 get this right, there is only bad news for the coming years in America, and, unfortunately, by the infernal bonds of trade and communication (and osmosis), almost everywhere else.
Hello? Is this thing even on?
**
Original review:
If you don鈥檛 want to slog through the 11 volume tome of western history (from ancient Greece through Napoleon) by Will and Ariel Durant, you might pick up this slim brief, which in summary form addresses all of the lessons to be gleaned from those few thousand years of human struggle and folly. From all possible forms of government (i.e., that have ever been tried) through all possible forms of economy, everything is surveyed, weighed and general conclusions formed. There are some startling trends that (maddeningly) repeat.
I didn鈥檛 get much from the first three chapters on geology, biology and race (and, in each case, history) but the middle three chapters on character, morals and religion (and, of course, history) were keenly observed. The next three chapters, on economics, socialism and government, were essentially three versions of the same analysis; i.e., since economics and government are intertwined, each discussion includes both. The conclusions here were, in general, that the combination of capitalism and liberal democracy generates increasing levels of income and wealth disparity until, if something is not done to rebalance the system (e.g., progressive taxes), extreme (!) forms of politics/government inevitably result.
My fellow Americans, take due note! (Republicans, you need to tax more and invest more public money in the people; Democrats, you need to get back to your original game of standing up for the little guy, and stop cozying up to big business and identity politics). If we don鈥檛 get this right, there is only bad news for the coming years in America, and, unfortunately, by the infernal bonds of trade and communication (and osmosis), almost everywhere else.
So overall, the conclusion is that the immediate outlook is rather bleak, and even the concept of progress does not get much traction when looked at through the historian鈥檚 long, long lens. However, just when I was about to fall into my own slough of despair, there was this lovely concluding note, which was both unexpected and pleasantly gratifying:
鈥淭he historian will not mourn because he can see no meaning in human existence except that which man puts into it; let it be our pride that we ourselves may put meaning into our lives, and sometimes a significance that transcends death. If a man is fortunate he will, before he dies, gather up as much as he can of his civilized heritage and transmit it to his children. And to his final breath he will be grateful for this inexhaustible legacy, knowing that it is our nourishing mother and our lasting life.鈥� (Italics added)
Thanks, Will and Ariel. May you rest in peace.
Sometimes I feel like an old man yelling at the clouds (sigh):
The lessons of history summarized here include that a wide discrepancy in wealth distribution within a society results in perceptions of injustice, a breakdown of social order, generalized chaos and sometimes war. The combination of capitalism and liberal democracy generates increasing levels of income and wealth disparity until, if something is not done to rebalance the system (e.g., progressive taxes or other redistributive actions), extremist politics and extremist government inevitably result.
My fellow Americans, take due note! (Republicans, you need to tax more and invest more public money in the people; Democrats, you need to get back to your original game of standing up for the little guy, and stop cozying up to big business and identity politics). If we don鈥檛 get this right, there is only bad news for the coming years in America, and, unfortunately, by the infernal bonds of trade and communication (and osmosis), almost everywhere else.
Hello? Is this thing even on?
**
Original review:
If you don鈥檛 want to slog through the 11 volume tome of western history (from ancient Greece through Napoleon) by Will and Ariel Durant, you might pick up this slim brief, which in summary form addresses all of the lessons to be gleaned from those few thousand years of human struggle and folly. From all possible forms of government (i.e., that have ever been tried) through all possible forms of economy, everything is surveyed, weighed and general conclusions formed. There are some startling trends that (maddeningly) repeat.
I didn鈥檛 get much from the first three chapters on geology, biology and race (and, in each case, history) but the middle three chapters on character, morals and religion (and, of course, history) were keenly observed. The next three chapters, on economics, socialism and government, were essentially three versions of the same analysis; i.e., since economics and government are intertwined, each discussion includes both. The conclusions here were, in general, that the combination of capitalism and liberal democracy generates increasing levels of income and wealth disparity until, if something is not done to rebalance the system (e.g., progressive taxes), extreme (!) forms of politics/government inevitably result.
My fellow Americans, take due note! (Republicans, you need to tax more and invest more public money in the people; Democrats, you need to get back to your original game of standing up for the little guy, and stop cozying up to big business and identity politics). If we don鈥檛 get this right, there is only bad news for the coming years in America, and, unfortunately, by the infernal bonds of trade and communication (and osmosis), almost everywhere else.
So overall, the conclusion is that the immediate outlook is rather bleak, and even the concept of progress does not get much traction when looked at through the historian鈥檚 long, long lens. However, just when I was about to fall into my own slough of despair, there was this lovely concluding note, which was both unexpected and pleasantly gratifying:
鈥淭he historian will not mourn because he can see no meaning in human existence except that which man puts into it; let it be our pride that we ourselves may put meaning into our lives, and sometimes a significance that transcends death. If a man is fortunate he will, before he dies, gather up as much as he can of his civilized heritage and transmit it to his children. And to his final breath he will be grateful for this inexhaustible legacy, knowing that it is our nourishing mother and our lasting life.鈥� (Italics added)
Thanks, Will and Ariel. May you rest in peace.
May 17, 2020
O carte cum ar spune marele Gic膬 Hagi a葯a 葯i a葯a bun膬, de la doi oameni care au 葯i ei un Pulitzer 卯n saco葯膬. O carte despre istoria care se repet膬, dar doar 卯ntr-un mod general. 脦n sensul c膬 da, civiliza葲iile se nasc, cresc 葯i apoi apun, dispar, dar nu fac ca noi, ca rom芒nii, ci transmit mai departe experien葲a lor, cuno葯tin葲ele, 卯mbog膬葲indu-i astfel pe cei care vin din urm膬. O concluzie a autorilor care nu 卯mi place deloc ar fi aceea c膬 pacea e o stare nenatural膬 a omenirii. 葮i c膬 suntem f膬cu葲i pentru a concura unii cu al葲ii: pentru m芒ncare, pentru p膬m芒nt, pentru ad膬post 葯i a葯a mai departe. 葮i de-aia ne-am adunat 卯n triburi 葯i apoi 卯n state. 葮i c膬 putem s膬 ie葯im din starea asta de r膬zboi doar dac膬 ne vom trezi 卯n fa葲a unui inamic comun, care s膬 ne fac膬 s膬 ne unim. Cum este acest coronavirus, care, iat膬, reu葯e葯te s膬 ne aduc膬 卯mpreun膬, chiar dac膬 ne 葲ine izola葲i unii de al葲ii.
Dar c芒teva idei foarte mi葯to sunt de g膬sit 卯n cartea asta: de pild膬, c膬 democra葲ia este cea mai bun膬 form膬 de guvern膬m芒nt, dar e fragil膬 葯i cere o popula葲ie educat膬. Sau c膬 socialismul poate func葲iona dac膬 este 卯mperecheat cu capitalismul. Ori c膬 e cum nu se poate mai natural膬 concentrarea bog膬葲iei 卯n m芒inile c芒torva, de aceea e nevoie de interven葲ia statelor pentru o just膬 redistribuire. A, 葯i faptul c膬 valorile etice sunt un produs al condi葲iilor istorice 葯i se schimb膬 卯n timp. C膬 de-aia nu mai e ok acum s膬-i dai unei femei cu b芒ta 卯n cap 葯i s-o duci la tine 卯n pe葯ter膬, unde s膬-葲i faci treaba cu ea. De葯i unii mai 卯ncearc膬.
葮i sunt multe exemple faine din istorie 卯n carte. Cum ziceam, a葯a 葯i a葯a bun膬. Spre foarte bun膬.
Dar c芒teva idei foarte mi葯to sunt de g膬sit 卯n cartea asta: de pild膬, c膬 democra葲ia este cea mai bun膬 form膬 de guvern膬m芒nt, dar e fragil膬 葯i cere o popula葲ie educat膬. Sau c膬 socialismul poate func葲iona dac膬 este 卯mperecheat cu capitalismul. Ori c膬 e cum nu se poate mai natural膬 concentrarea bog膬葲iei 卯n m芒inile c芒torva, de aceea e nevoie de interven葲ia statelor pentru o just膬 redistribuire. A, 葯i faptul c膬 valorile etice sunt un produs al condi葲iilor istorice 葯i se schimb膬 卯n timp. C膬 de-aia nu mai e ok acum s膬-i dai unei femei cu b芒ta 卯n cap 葯i s-o duci la tine 卯n pe葯ter膬, unde s膬-葲i faci treaba cu ea. De葯i unii mai 卯ncearc膬.
葮i sunt multe exemple faine din istorie 卯n carte. Cum ziceam, a葯a 葯i a葯a bun膬. Spre foarte bun膬.
April 29, 2016
亘丕 丕乇賮丕賯 爻賴 爻鬲丕乇賴
賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 乇賵 氐丕丿賯丕賳賴 賵 亘丿賵賳 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲囟丕賲蹖賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘蹖丕賳 讴乇丿賴. 丕賲丕 丕賵賳 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丨丿丕賯賱 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 噩丕賱亘 鬲乇 亘賵丿 丕卮丕乇丕鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖卮賴. 胤亘蹖毓鬲丕 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丨乇賮 賴丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲胤賱毓 亘丕卮賴貙 讴鬲丕亘 趩蹖夭 禺丕氐蹖 賳丿丕乇賴 爻賵丕蹖 賴賲賵賳 噩丕賲毓蹖鬲 賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲蹖 賵 賯囟丕賵鬲 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 毓丕丿賱丕賳賴 - 丕蹖賳讴賴 爻毓蹖 賲蹖 讴賳賴 丿賵 胤乇賮 賯囟蹖賴 乇賵 亘丕夭 讴賳賴. 賵賱蹖 丕氐賱丕 賳亘丕蹖丿 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 蹖賴 丌丿賲 毓賲蹖賯 賵 賮賱爻賮蹖 乇賵 丕夭卮 丿丕卮鬲. 亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 賴賲蹖賳讴賴 匕賴賳 丌丿賲 亘丕 亘毓囟蹖 倬乇爻卮 賴丕 乇賵亘乇賵 亘卮賴 禺賵丿卮 蹖賴 賲夭蹖鬲賴
丿賵 賮氐賱 "爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻賲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺" 賵 "賳跇丕丿 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺" 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丕夭 賳馗乇 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖卮 噩丕賱亘 鬲乇 亘賵丿
丨丕卮蹖賴: 賲囟賲賵賳 芦 亘蹖 毓丿丕賱鬲蹖 賵丕賱丕* 禄 蹖 讴丕賱賵賳 賲賮賴賵賲 噩丕賱亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賱丕
丨丕卮蹖賴 蹖 丿賵: 噩賮丕 丕爻鬲 丕诏賴 賴賲賴 噩丕 氐乇賮丕 亘诏賲 賵蹖賱 丿賵乇丕賳鬲貙 賵 丕夭 丌乇蹖賱 丨乇賮蹖 賳夭賳賲. 賴賲賴 蹖 賵蹖賱 賴丕 乇賵 賴賲乇丕賴 丌乇蹖賱 賱丨丕馗 讴賳蹖丿
* Sublime Injustice
May 26, 2016
Brilliant! The Durant's offer a bird's-eye view of human civilization and distill for us the principles and common threads that bind different peoples separated chronologically by thousands of years yet whom differ little to none in the passions and desires that motivate them. I can't recall reading any other book that had such a low length-to-substance ratio. It weighs in at only around 120 pages, but nearly every sentence seems pregnant with deep insights and wisdom that is as relevant today as it was millennia ago. I believe that anyone with a high school education and an open mind will reap tremendous wisdom from their words, though the more preliminary knowledge of history and the sciences one possesses, the more they will benefit from it.
March 26, 2025
讴鬲丕亘 禺賵丕爻鬲賴 鬲賵 爻蹖夭丿賴 賮氐賱 讴賱 賳讴丕鬲 賲賴賲 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賴賲乇丕賴 亘丕 爻賵丕賱丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賲胤乇丨賴 蹖丕 亘賴鬲乇 亘诏賲 亘丕蹖丿 賲胤乇丨 亘丕卮賴 賴賳诏丕賲 禺賵賳丿賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵 亘诏賴.
亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 賯卮賳诏 诏乇賮鬲賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵 禺賱丕氐賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 賳讴丕鬲 賲賴賲 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇丕鬲 乇賵 亘蹖丕賳 讴乇丿賴. 丨鬲蹖 丕賵賳 賵爻胤 乇賵丕蹖丕鬲蹖 賴賲 噩丕 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿賳丿. 賵丕賯毓丕 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲 丨噩賲 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 乇賵 鬲賵 禺賵丿卮 噩丕 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 賳讴鬲賴 丕卮 丕蹖賳賴 趩賵賳 爻賵丕賱 噩賵丕亘蹖 亘賵丿賳 蹖讴賲 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 賲賲讴賳 亘賵丿 亘丕蹖丕爻 丿丕乇 亘丕卮賴 丕賲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲卮鬲丕賯 讴乇丿賳 噩賴鬲 禺賵賳丿賳 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 诏夭蹖賳賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲丕 賴賲 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 賯亘賱 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 丕蹖賳 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賲
亘噩夭 賮氐賱 丕賵賱卮 亘丕賯蹖 賮氐賱 賴丕 乇賵 丕夭 氐賵鬲蹖 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賲. 丿蹖丿 讴賱蹖 丕賵賱蹖賴 禺賵亘蹖 賲蹖丿賴. 賲丿賱 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 賲鬲賳蹖 丕蹖 讴賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 乇賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賲 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賱睾丕鬲 賵 毓亘丕乇丕鬲卮 賯卮賳诏鈥屫� 亘賵丿貨 丕賲丕 氐賵鬲蹖卮 亘賴 噩賴鬲 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 乇丕丨鬲 鬲乇 亘賵丿.
賮乇賵乇丿蹖賳 郾鄞郯鄞
亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 賯卮賳诏 诏乇賮鬲賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵 禺賱丕氐賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 賳讴丕鬲 賲賴賲 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇丕鬲 乇賵 亘蹖丕賳 讴乇丿賴. 丨鬲蹖 丕賵賳 賵爻胤 乇賵丕蹖丕鬲蹖 賴賲 噩丕 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿賳丿. 賵丕賯毓丕 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲 丨噩賲 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 乇賵 鬲賵 禺賵丿卮 噩丕 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 賳讴鬲賴 丕卮 丕蹖賳賴 趩賵賳 爻賵丕賱 噩賵丕亘蹖 亘賵丿賳 蹖讴賲 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 賲賲讴賳 亘賵丿 亘丕蹖丕爻 丿丕乇 亘丕卮賴 丕賲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲卮鬲丕賯 讴乇丿賳 噩賴鬲 禺賵賳丿賳 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 诏夭蹖賳賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲丕 賴賲 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 賯亘賱 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲賲丿賳 丕蹖賳 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賲
亘噩夭 賮氐賱 丕賵賱卮 亘丕賯蹖 賮氐賱 賴丕 乇賵 丕夭 氐賵鬲蹖 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賲. 丿蹖丿 讴賱蹖 丕賵賱蹖賴 禺賵亘蹖 賲蹖丿賴. 賲丿賱 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 賲鬲賳蹖 丕蹖 讴賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 乇賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賲 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賱睾丕鬲 賵 毓亘丕乇丕鬲卮 賯卮賳诏鈥屫� 亘賵丿貨 丕賲丕 氐賵鬲蹖卮 亘賴 噩賴鬲 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 乇丕丨鬲 鬲乇 亘賵丿.
賮乇賵乇丿蹖賳 郾鄞郯鄞
March 4, 2020
賲賳 賮鬲乇丞 賰賳鬲 賵囟毓鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 賱賰賳 賱賮賰乇鬲賷 毓賳賴 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 毓賲賱 賲鬲禺氐氐 賵氐毓亘 賵爻賷丨鬲丕噩 賵賯鬲丕賸 賱賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵鬲乇賰賷夭貨 賯乇乇鬲 鬲兀噩賷賱賴貙 亘卮賰賱 賲丕 丨丿孬 賯亘賱 兀賷丕賲 兀賳 丕賯鬲乇丨 亘毓囟 丕賱兀氐丿賯丕亍 兀賳 賳亘丿兀 賯乇丕亍丞 噩賲丕毓賷丞 賳賳丕賯卮 亘毓丿賴丕 賲丕 賳賯乇兀 賮丕賯鬲乇毓賳丕 賵賰丕賳鬲 賳鬲賷噩丞 丕賱賯乇毓丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賱鬲賳賯賱賴 賲賳 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕賱兀亘丿賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賮毓賱賷丞..
亘丿兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘鬲賯丿賷賲 禺賮賷賮 噩丿丕賸 賵毓丕賲 賲丕 卮賰賱 毓丕賲賱 噩匕亘 貙 孬賲 亘丿兀 賷鬲爻賱爻賱 賮賷 胤乇賵丨丕鬲賴貙 賵賴賵 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 兀賵 賯乇丕亍丕鬲 鬲乇亘胤 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賰丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱兀禺賱丕賯 賵丕賱爻賷丕爻丞 賵丕賱毓賱賲 賵睾賷乇賴丕貙 賰賱賴丕 賲賯丿賲丞 賮賷 廿胤丕乇 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 兀卮亘賴 亘賲賳丨賳賶 賲賲孬賱 賱賵噩賵丿賴丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賳賲丕匕噩 毓賲賱賷丞 賲賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱兀夭賲賳丞 賵丕賱兀賲丕賰賳.. 賱賳 賷爻毓賳賷 鬲氐賳賷賮賴 -廿囟丕賮丞 賱賮卮賱賷 丕賱卮禺氐賷 賮賷 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮- 賱鬲卮毓亘賴 賵卮賲賵賱賷鬲賴.. 賮賴賵 丕毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賵囟毓 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 賲賳 孬賲 丕賱鬲丿賱賷賱 毓賱賷賴丕 亘兀賲孬賱丞 賲賳 丕賱賵丕賯毓 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賵兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 丕賱丨丿賷孬 亘丕賱卮賰賱 丕賱匕賷 賷禺丿賲 丕賱胤乇丨 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 賵賷賵囟丨賴貙 賵丕鬲爻丕毓 賳胤丕賯 丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱賲胤乇賵丨丞 賷噩毓賱 丨氐乇賴 賮賷 賲爻賲賶 賵丕丨丿 氐毓亘.. 賮賷賴 毓賱賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賵賮賱爻賮丞 賵爻賷丕爻丞 賵丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲 丕賱賲胤乇賵賯丞..
丕賱睾乇賷亘 賰丕賳 -亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賮賰乇鬲賷 丕賱賲爻亘賯丞 毓賳賴- 丕賱爻禺乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲胤賱 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 賵廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 賰賱賲丕鬲 亘爻賷胤丞 賱賰賳賴丕 兀囟賮鬲 賲鬲毓丞 賵禺賮丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賳氐 賵禺丕氐丞 賮賷 賮賷 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 丕毓鬲賲丿 賮賷賴丕 兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞..兀賷囟丕賸 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲賳鬲噩鬲賴丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲毓 兀禺乇賶 兀賱賮鬲賴丕 賮賷 賳氐賵氐 丌禺乇賷賳 賲孬賱 賮乇賵賲 賵亘丕賵賲丕賳 賵爻丕乇丕賲丕噩賵 賮賷 賰賴賮賴 賰丕賳鬲 賰賲丕 丕賱毓丕丿丞 賲氐丿乇 噩匕亘 賵廿孬丕乇丞 賱賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲..
兀賳丕 卮禺氐賷丕賸 賲賯鬲賳毓丞 兀賳 噩夭亍丕賸 兀爻丕爻賷丕賸 賲賳 兀賮囟賱賷丞 賵毓馗賲丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賷賰賲賳 賮賷 丕賱賲鬲毓丞貙 丨鬲賶 賮賷 兀賰孬乇 丕賱賰鬲亘 孬賯賱丕賸 賵鬲禺氐氐丕賸貙 賮丕賱賲鬲毓丞 鬲賰賲賳 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 賮賷 賮賰乇丞 兀賵 賮賷 兀爻賱賵亘 胤乇丨賴丕 兀賵 賮賷 兀賷 卮賷亍 賷賲賳丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 廿丿賴丕卮 賯乇丕卅賴貙 賵賴匕丕 賰鬲丕亘 兀丿賴卮賳賷 賵丕爻鬲賲鬲毓鬲 亘賴 亘兀賰孬乇 賲賲丕 鬲賵賯毓鬲 亘賲乇丕丨賱貙 丨鬲賶 賮賷 兀賰孬乇 兀噩夭丕卅賴 鬲毓賯賷丿丕賸 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀毓丿鬲 賯乇丕亍鬲賴丕 賲乇鬲賷賳 賵孬賱丕孬丞.. 賵賷爻毓丿賳賷 噩丿丕賸 兀賳賷 禺乇噩鬲 賲賳賴 亘丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賴賵丕賲卮 賵丕賱禺胤賵胤 賵丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻丕鬲 賵毓賱丕賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲毓噩亘 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賮賴丕賲貙 賵賱賰賱 匕賱賰 兀賵 兀賰孬乇 亘賮乇丨 胤賮賵賱賷 毓馗賷賲..
賲賲鬲賳丞 賱賱胤賮 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賵賯丿乇鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 廿賷氐丕賱 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賯丿乇 賲賳 丕賱爻賱丕爻丞 丕賱賲丨亘亘丞 噩丿丕賸 噩丿丕賸..
July 29, 2021
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賵賷賱賷丕賲 噩賷賲爻 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 賱賲賳 賱丕 賷毓乇賮賴 賴賵 賮賷賱爻賵賮 賵賲丐乇禺 賵賰丕鬲亘 兀賲乇賷賰賷貙 丕卮鬲賴乇 亘賰鬲丕亘賴 芦賯氐丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞禄貙 賵賲賳 丕賱賲噩賱丿 丕賱丨丕丿賷 毓卮乇 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘芦賯氐丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞禄. 丕賳胤賱賯 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 賲毓 夭賵噩鬲賴 丕乇賷賷賱貙 亘鬲丿賵賷賳 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賵丕賰亘鬲 乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯 鬲賱賰貙 賮賳鬲噩 毓賳賴丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 亘賷賳 兀賷丿賷賳丕( 丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺) 賵丕賱匕賷 賷賯丿賲 亘賴 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 賵夭賵噩鬲賴 兀賴賲 賲丕 賵丕賰亘 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賷 佶贍贍贍 爻賳丞.
賯購爻賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 廿孬賳賶 毓卮乇 賮氐賱丕貙 鬲賳丕賵賱丕 丕賱夭賵噩丕賳 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴丕 鬲胤賵乇丕鬲 丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱噩賳爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷貙 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵丕賱丨乇賵亘貙 賵丕賱兀賵囟丕毓 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵鬲兀孬賷乇 賴匕丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賵丕賱兀毓乇丕賯 賵丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵丕賱兀禺賱丕賯貙 賰賲丕 鬲胤乇賯丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丿賷賳 亘賮氐賱賺 禺丕氐 賵賯丿 賰丕賳 賴匕丕 亘丕賱賮毓賱 兀賰孬乇 丕賱賮氐賵賱 鬲卮賵賷賯賸丕 賵賲鬲毓丞.
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲禺鬲賱賮 賰賵賳賴 賱丕 賷鬲亘賳賶 賮賰乇丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賰賲丕 丕毓鬲丿賳丕 毓賱賶 賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賳 鬲賮毓賱貙 賱賰賳賴 賲賳 兀乇賵毓 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱廿胤賱丕賯 賳馗乇賸丕 賱鬲毓丿丿 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷噩賲毓賴丕 爻賵賶 氐賮丞 丕賱亘丨孬 賵丕賱鬲賯氐賷 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賱丿賶 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲.
賲丕匕丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞責
毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 卮禺氐賷 鬲毓鬲亘乇 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲乇賴賯丞 賱賷貙賵賱丕 兀噩丿 賱賳賮爻賷 賲賷賱丕賸 賳丨賵賴丕 匕賱賰 賱兀賳賷 賲丐賲賳丞 -亘爻亘亘 賰賱 賲丕 賳乇丕賴 丕賱賷賵賲 賲賳 鬲卮賵賷賴 賱賱丨賯丕卅賯- 亘丕丨鬲賲丕賱賷丞 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 噩夭亍丕 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷 賳毓乇賮賴 囟乇亘 賲賳 丕賱賵賴賲 賵丕賱廿丿毓丕亍.
孬丕賲賳 兀賮囟賱 賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱賭top 10 賱賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 賲賳 兀氐賱 1257 賵賱賱賴 丕賱丨賲丿.
#兀亘噩丿賷丞_賮乇丨 5/5 馃尫馃摎
鈥�#肠补苍诲濒别蹿濒补尘别23产辞辞办谤别惫颈别飞蝉
#丿乇賵爻_賲賳_丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 #賵賷賱賷丕賲_噩賷賲爻_丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲
#爻鬲賵乇賷冲鬲賷賱
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December 25, 2014
賰鬲丕亘 噩賲賷賱 賵亘爻賷胤 .. 賵氐睾賷乇!
賵乇亘賲丕 兀賳 氐賽睾賻乇 丨噩賲賴 賴賵 賲丕 兀囟賮賶 毓賱賷賴 噩賲丕賱丕賸 夭丕卅丿丕賸 :)
賵賷賱 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 賵夭賵噩鬲賴 丌乇賷賷賱 賴賲丕貙 亘賱丕 卮賰貙 賲賳 丕賱毓賯賵賱 丕賱囟禺賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷賲賱賰 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賲賳丕 廿賱丕 兀賳 賷丨鬲乇賲賴丕 賵賷噩賱賾賴丕 鈥� 賵廿賳 丕禺鬲賱賮 賲毓賴丕 賮賷 賲賵丕囟毓 賷爻賷乇丞.
賱爻鬲 賴賳丕 賮賷 賲毓乇囟 鬲賯賷賷賲 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 .. 賮賴賵 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 廿賱賶 丨丿 賲丕 (賱丕 賷禺賱賵 賲賳 丕賱賲賱賱 賵丕賱乇鬲丕亘丞 ..!!) 賵賴賵 丕爻鬲禺賱丕氐 賱賱丿乇賵爻 賵丕賱毓賽亘乇 賲賳 乇丕卅毓丞 丿賷賵乇丕賳鬲 丕賱卮賴賷乇丞 "賯氐賾丞 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞" 鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 兀賯乇兀賴丕 禺賱丕賱 丕賱爻賳丞 丕賱賯丕丿賲丞 2015 :)
賴賳丕 爻兀賵乇丿 亘毓囟 賲丕 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賲賳 丕賯鬲亘丕爻丕鬲 鬲爻鬲丨賯 丕賱匕賰乇:
佟] 廿賳 丕賱毓賱賲 賲丨丕賷丿. 賮賴賵 賲爻鬲毓丿 賱賱賯鬲賱 賰賲丕 賴賵 賲爻鬲毓丿 賱賱卮賮丕亍. 賵賴賵 賲爻鬲毓丿 賱賱賴丿賲 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿賴 賱賱亘賳丕亍. 賵賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 兀購丨賽爻賾 兀賳 兀爻賱丕賮賳丕 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞貙 毓賳丿賲丕 丕賴鬲賲賾賵丕 亘丕賱兀丿亘 賵丕賱賮賳 賵丕賱兀爻胤賵乇丞 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱賯賵丞貙 賰丕賳賵丕 兀丨賰賲 賲賳賾丕. 賳丨賳 丕賱匕賷賳 丕賴鬲賲賲賳丕 亘丕賱丌賱賷丕鬲 毓賱賶 丨爻丕亘 丕賱兀賴丿丕賮 賵丕賱睾丕賷丕鬲.
佗] 賵賱賷爻鬲 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 丕賱丕 鬲賳賵賷乇 丕賱毓賯賱 賵鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞貙 賵賱賷爻 丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賵丨賷丿 丕賱丕 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱賮乇丿貙 賵賱賷爻 丕賱孬賵乇賷賵賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賵賳 廿賱丕 丕賱賮賱丕爻賮丞 賵丕賱賯丿賷爻賷賷賳.
伲] 賵賲毓馗賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 馗賳 賵鬲禺賲賷賳 賵丕賱亘賯賷丞 丕賱亘丕賯賷丞 鬲丨丕賲賱 賵賴賵賶
伽] 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳 賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵丕丨丿 賲賴賲丕 賰丕賳 毓亘賯乇賷丕賸 丕賵 毓丕賱賲丕賸 丕賳 賷氐賱 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賴 丕賱賶 丿乇噩丞 丕賰鬲賲丕賱 丕賱賮賴賲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲賷丨 賱賴 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱賲囟賲賵賳 毓賱賶 毓丕丿丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵賲丐爻爻丕鬲賴 賵乇賮囟賴丕 賱丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 鬲賲孬賱 丨賰賲丞 丕賱丕噩賷丕賱 亘毓丿 賯乇賵賳 賲賳 丕賱鬲噩乇賷亘 賮賷 賲毓賲賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺.
佶] 賵賯丿 鬲丿丕賵賷 丕賱丕亘丕丨賷丞 丕賱噩賳爻賷丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賮乇丕胤賴丕 匕丕鬲賴 貙 賵賯丿 賷毓賷卮 丕胤賮丕賱賳丕 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲丨乇乇賵丕 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕爻賷 丨鬲賶 賷乇賵丕 爻賷丕丿丞 丕賱賳馗丕賲 賵丕賱鬲賵丕囟毓 貙 賮丕乇鬲丿丕亍 丕賱賲賱丕亘爻 爻賷賰賵賳 丕賰孬乇 丕睾乇丕亍丕賸 賲賳 丕賱毓乇賷.
佴] 賵丕賳 丕賵賱 卮乇胤 賲賳 卮乇賵胤 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賵 鬲賯賷賷丿賴丕 貙 賵賱賵 噩毓賱賳丕賴丕 賲胤賱賯丞 賱賲丕鬲鬲 賲賳 丕賱賮賵囟賶
侑] 賵賱丕 卮賰 丕賳 丕賱丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷丞 鬲賳卮兀 賲賳 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 貙 賰賲丕 丕賳 丕禺胤乇 丕賳賵丕毓 丕賱胤睾賷丕賳 賵丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 賷賳卮兀 賲賳 丕卮丿 丕卮賰丕賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 鬲胤乇賮丕賸
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