Works of Russian writer Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin include the verse novel Eugene Onegin (1831), the play Boris Godunov (1831), and many narrative and lyrical poems and short stories.
People consider this author the greatest poet and the founder of modern literature. Pushkin pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems, creating a style of storytelling鈥攎ixing drama, romance, and satire鈥攁ssociated ever with greatly influential later literature.
Pushkin published his first poem at the age of 15 years in 1814, and the literary establishment widely recognized him before the time of his graduation from the imperial lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo. Social reform gradually committed Pushkin, who emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals and in the early 1820s clashed with the government, which sent him into exile in southern Russia. Under the strict surveillance of government censors and unable to travel or publish at will, he wrote his most famous drama but ably published it not until years later. People published his verse serially from 1825 to 1832.
Pushkin and his wife Natalya Goncharova, whom he married in 1831, later became regulars of court society. In 1837, while falling into ever greater debt amidst rumors that his wife started conducting a scandalous affair, Pushkin challenged her alleged lover, Georges d'Anth猫s, to a duel. Pushkin was mortally wounded and died two days later.
Because of his liberal political views and influence on generations of Russian rebels, Pushkin was portrayed by Bolsheviks as an opponent to bourgeois literature and culture and a predecessor of Soviet literature and poetry. Tsarskoe Selo was renamed after him.
La contundencia de esta frase dicha por Alexandr Pushkin define qui茅n fue y qu茅 signific贸 para las letras rusas: ser nada m谩s y nada menos que su Padre. La literatura rusa era modesta y casi desconocida hasta que apareci贸 茅l. Le dio brillo, nivel literario, clase y la transform贸 en una poderosa corriente que contagi贸 a muchos de sus contempor谩neos y sucesores. Influenciado por el Romanticismo alem谩n y por poetas de la talla de Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley o Frederich Schiller le dio renombre a Rusia y la coloc贸 en un sitial de preferencia. A partir de 茅l ya nada ser铆a igual, puesto que logr贸 una verdadera revoluci贸n. Inspir贸 a su protegido Nikolai G贸gol a que escribiera gran parte de la obra que le dio modernidad a la literatura rusa y contagi贸 a los autores que aparecer谩n despu茅s, como Fi贸dor Dostoievski, Lev Tolst贸i o Ant贸n Chejov. Fue un exquisito poeta, escribi贸 narrativa cl谩sica y en verso libre, tal es el caso del impecable 鈥淓ugenio Oneguin鈥� y obras de teatro inmortales como 鈥淏oris Godunov鈥� y una vasta cantidad de cuentos incluidos aqu铆. Este volumen de Pushkin es esencial para todos los que aman la literatura rusa y su obra en particular. El libro es complet铆simo e incluye sus m谩s famosas novelas, como "La Dama de Piqu茅" y "La Hija del Capit谩n", ambas, verdaderas joyas de la literatura hasta su primera publicaci贸n de cuentos 鈥淗istorias del difunto Iv谩n Petr贸vich Belkin鈥� que a su vez incluye gemas como 鈥淟a nevasca鈥�, 鈥淯n disparo memorable鈥�, 鈥淓l fabricante de ata煤des鈥�, 鈥淓l maestro de postas鈥� y 鈥淟a muchacha campesina鈥�. Cierra el libro "Noches Egipcias" y una serie de borradores y cuentos a medio terminar junto con sus impresiones de viaje fechadas en 1829. En narraciones como 鈥淒ubrovsky鈥�, 鈥淜irdzhali鈥� o 鈥淩贸slavlev鈥� nos lleva a la acci贸n que desplegaron bandidos y cosacos, hombre recios preparados tanto para desenvainar la espada como para rendirse a los pies de una joven enamorada. El nivel de detalle y descripci贸n que logra Pushkin de las distintas clases sociales rusas es impecable, puesto que conoc铆a la idiosincrasia de su pueblo como nadie, tanto de campesinos como de nobles, de enamoradizas damiselas como de violentos cosacos. Se suma a todo esto su poder de revisionismo hist贸rico, puntualmente en "La Hija del Capit谩n". Dostoievski supo decir que Pushkin fue "el primero de los hombres rusos" y efectivamente se percibe esto en estas narraciones que resultan ser imprescindibles tanto para el amante de las letras rusas como para el de la literatura cl谩sica en general. Otra hubiera sido Rusia y su literatura si no hubiese aparecido Alexandr Pushkin. Nos hubi茅ramos privado de su talento insuperable.
This edition of Pushkin's writings contains all the stories from and from , both of which I've read in ebook form, so this volume is destined for my real life shelves as a reminder of how much I enjoyed reading Pushkin these last weeks.
But this book also contains a piece I hadn't already read, which was a nice surprise: the first twenty pages of 'A Novel in Letters', one of the writing projects Pushkin left unfinished when he died in 1836 from a wound sustained in a duel at the age of thirty seven.
This 'Novel in Letters' dates from 1829. There are four correspondents, two men and two women. Two of the correspondents live in St Petersburg, the other two have separately fled city life for the country, and find themselves in the same Pavlovskoye village since they both have relatives there. It's an interesting set-up, but what was really interesting for me was the portrait of a girl they both meet in the village, a slim melancholy girl of about seventeen, brought up on novels and fresh air. She spends her whole day in the garden or in the fields with a book in her hands, surrounded by yard dogs, talks about the weather in a singsong voice, and treats one to jam. Mashenka, as she is called, sounds very like Tatiana from , who was also melancholy, fond of solitary walks and known to offer visitors jam! And like Mashenka, her favourite novel was Richardson's . Knowing that Richardson's book is also an epistolatory novel about a young and innocent heroine, I wondered if Pushkin was aiming to parody it, and I briefly worried for young and innocent Mashenka.
Another aspect of this short novel I found interesting were some lines about the impressions a reader gets from reading books set before their time, in this case, specifically 'Clarissa': You cannot imagine how strange it is to read, in 1829, a novel written in 1775. writes one of Pushkin's correspondents to another. It seems as if, suddenly from our drawing-room, we enter an ancient hall, upholstered with damask, seat ourselves on satin-covered armchairs, see around us strange dresses but familiar faces, and recognise in them our uncles and grandmothers, but grown younger. In the main these novels have no other virtue.
If it feels strange to read a novel set fifty years before one's time, how much stranger should it be to read one set nearly two hundred years before, as Pushkin's work is for us today. But I don't share the letter writer's opinion, although I haven't yet read Richardson. I never find it strange to read novels from previous centuries, and rather feel that those that have remained in print over the intervening time must have virtues past counting. That has certainly been my experience reading Pushkin.
Eleg铆 este libro para empezar con el autor porque las traducciones y ediciones de la editorial son una apuesta segura y porque me permitir铆an tener m谩s lecturas disponibles del autor.
馃嚪馃嚭La cosa no ha salido como esperaba ...Pushkin y su pluma me han encantado y ya me he terminado el libro馃槀
馃嚪馃嚭Su prosa fue innovadora en la 茅poca rompe con unos predecesores obsoletos,incluso se atreve con la fusi贸n narrativa de la prosa y la poes铆a .Se le considera fundador de la literatura rusa moderna.
馃嚪馃嚭Su vida es muy interesante y merece un an谩lisis aparte ,dando un par de pinceladas decir que fue un lector incansable y que muri贸 como uno de sus rom谩nticos protagonistas:a causa de una herida de duelo .
馃嚪馃嚭El libro comienza con 鈥淓l negro de Pedro el Grande鈥�,su lectura atrapa y tiene un trasfondo hist贸rico importante.
馃嚪馃嚭Los cuentos del difunto Ivan Petrovich Belkin a煤n siendo los que menos me gustan,los disfrute. En ellos tenemos duelos,nevadas,maestros de postas,clasismos sociales .
鈥淓l sepulturero 鈥渁unque se que no ha sido del gusto de todos me pareci贸 una genialidad.
馃嚪馃嚭鈥滺istoria del pueblo de Goriujino tenemos un protagonista aficionado a la lectura con el que empatizamos r谩pidamente.
馃嚪馃嚭鈥漅贸salev鈥漀arrado por Una mujer:Polina .Es apasionado y apasionante tiene mucho de patriotismo.
馃嚪馃嚭鈥滵ubrousky鈥滶s de mis preferidos,aqu铆 tenemos aventuras ,intrigas y venganzas. El final te mantiene en vilo.
馃嚪馃嚭鈥滾a dama del pique 鈥�.Con el abre una puerta a la novela psicol贸gica. Ese final tan t茅trico como divertido .
馃嚪馃嚭鈥滾a hija del capit谩n 鈥�.Si solo pod茅is leer uno recomiendo que sea este.
Es una muestra de su narrativa con un argumento claro ,descripciones concisas .
En parte novela el mot铆n campesino acaudillado y las rebeliones rusas.Deja patente la investigaci贸n hist贸rica del autor.
Al principio me pareci贸 que tendr铆a que haberse titulado 鈥淟a mujer del capit谩n 鈥� !Que empuje tiene este personaje!.
Collection of Pushkin's powerful stories, including the novella "The Captain's Daughter"
A whole book could be, and likely has been, written on the fascinating story of how Pushkin's life cut short at 37 in an 1837 duel over the honor of his 25-year-old wife, and yet he had an undeniable impact on Russian literature, including on the two Russian giants of Western lit, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, and, to a lesser degree, on Russian music, including that of Tchaikovsky and Mussorgsky.
Pushkin was a poet, yet he thought in order to "deal with the affairs of society, he had to learn to speak its language" and thus had to "train himself to write in prose."
End of the Duel Resulting in Pushkin's Death
This is a splendid collection of all Pushkin's stories in prose, including the novella "The Captain's Daughter." His prose has been labeled "swift and economical." To Pushkin, the style of the prose was secondary to the story itself. I love reading his stories for a refreshing change from the over-stylized short stories (slice of nothingness) that come out of the MFA factories these days. In my opinion, this purchase is worth it for the masterful "History of Pugachev," which is Pushkin's story/history of the man who rebelled against Catherine the Great.
Pushkin's wife Natalia, for whose "Honor" He Died in Duel
陌lk Pu艧kin kitab谋m. Hatta uzun s眉redir Rus edebiyat谋 okumad谋臒谋m谋 hesaba katarsak, bu konuda da ilk oldu benim i莽in. Di臒er Rus yazarlara oranla olduk莽a yal谋n ve rahat bir 眉slubu var Pu艧kin'in. Bu a莽谋dan teredd眉tleri olan varsa hemen al谋p okusun derim. Bir asker k谋z谋 olarak kitaba adapte olma a莽谋s谋ndan hi莽bir sorun ya艧amad谋m. O ortama a艧ina olmakla beraber bunu tekrar deneyimlemek g眉zeldi. Kitab谋 asl谋nda son ana kadar 莽ok sevdim diyebilirim fakat nedense sonunu yeterli bulmad谋m, fazla y眉zeysel geldi. Ke艧ke daha farkl谋 bir 艧ekilde esere veda edebilseydim. Yal谋n bir 眉sluba kar艧谋n Pu艧kin kitap boyunca 莽e艧itli ele艧tirilerini hem a莽谋k hem de gizli yoldan biz okuyuculara hi莽bir 莽ekinme olmadan sunuyor. Bu arada kitab谋 陌leti艧im Yay谋nlar谋'n谋n 莽evirisinden okudum, 莽eviri a莽谋s谋ndan tavsiye ederim.
So. . .I've been fairly obsessed with the Russians lately; on a whim bought this book here, as well as a Collection of Tales by Gogol, Great Short Works of Dostoevsky, and also his The Idiot. And one by one I devoured them all, starting with the Idiot. I don't know what it is about those Russians that kills me (well, I do have an idea. . .but those reveries do not belong here), but during those weeks I was anticipating getting home from work like there was a fat steak waiting there for me (this analogy is no joke if you are a starving bachelor).
But anyways, Pushkin. I learned of Pushkin and Gogol from references to them in Dostoevsky and Solzhenitsyn. He's pretty much touted as the great Russian poet, and much of his material was absorbed into the Russian language and identity, even during his lifetime. This collection is all prose, however, with bits of poetry sprinkled in as plot vehicles here and there. It's hard to sum up his style of prose and short stories though, because he did a lot of experimentation with form, and some stories are simply incomplete. For instance, he has a story in there called Eugene Onegin which is actually a fictional narrator telling a few very clever and creative stories about people he knew in his life. I think it would be wise to suspend my judgment a bit on Pushkin until I have pored over his poetry as well, but suffice to say I enjoyed this collection very much, even though he was apparently more gifted as a poet. So as not to risk sounding like the book's forward, I'll just say that his success is in my opinion owing to the dynamic relationships and interactions between an array of endearing characters. As in Gogol and even Dostoevsky there are always there are beautiful images and descriptions of daily life in idyllic countryside peasant towns as well as historically fascinating depictions of Petersburg and Moscow.
The last and longest story in the book was an especially unexpected treat: the historical chronicles of a Cossack outlaw named Pugachev who posed as Peter III (despite the fact that Peter III was already dead at the time) and rampaged across the Ukrainian region, absorbing into his ranks tens of thousands of other discontented Cossacks as he stormed town after town. He sent many a weak-hearted military officer either to the gallows to or to shameful flight before his bloody guerrilla revolt was brought to a halt by a painstaking and complex counter-campaign. Pushkin, though affirming he was writing in the interest of history and record, cannot but make this story an engrossing narrative, including many anecdotal stories of the rebel's bold and unpredictable interactions with people of all class and stripe, and the eccentric, incorrigible charm that makes him such a fascinating figure in Russian lore.
Es lo primero que leo de Pushkin, y ahora me dedicar茅 a buscar m谩s cosas suyas. Me encant贸 por la sencillez que se ve que persigue. Aunque tengo algunas quejas de esta edici贸n, hay muchos cuentos inconclusos que es un poco extra帽o leer junto a otros buen铆simos evidentemente m谩s trabajados. Es una queja para la editorial. Empezar a leer a un autor con un cuento inconcluso, es como entrar a una casa bellisima por la puerta de atr谩s.
There is certainly a reason why Pushkin is the most celebrated author in Russia. His nuanced characterization of the Russian intelligentsia is way ahead of his time, foreshadowing many future philosophical analyses, like Habermas and the Vekhi. If you're interested in the unique way modernity developed in Russia, these stories are a must read.
Olaylar ve duygu de臒i艧imlerinin 莽ok h谋zl谋 cereyan etti臒i bir kitap oldu. Olaylar谋n i莽ine giremeden bitmi艧ti zaten. Karakterlerin duygular谋ndaki yenilikler 枚zellikle altyap谋s谋z buldu臒um noktalard谋. Al谋艧t谋臒谋m rus klasiklerindeki derinli臒i bulamad谋臒谋m bir kitapt谋 maalesef.
Rus edebiyat谋n谋n temel eserlerinden biri olan Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋 isimli roman谋 grup okumas谋 kapsam谋nda (21 y谋l sonra) tekrar okudum.
Ak谋c谋 anlat谋m hemen dikkat 莽ekiyor. Anlat谋mdaki yer yer kara mizaha kayan ince espri anlay谋艧谋n谋 莽ok sevdim. Jane Austen'i hat谋rlatt谋. 脟eviri olduk莽a yerelle艧tirilmi艧 fakat hikayeye uydu臒unu ve yapay olmad谋臒谋n谋 d眉艧眉n眉yorum.
Pu艧kin, Rus dilini geli艧tiren ve Rus edebiyat谋n谋n kurucusu kabul edilen yazarlardan. Goethe ve Schiller ile birlikte tarih bilimiyle u臒ra艧anlar谋n ad谋n谋 sayg谋 ve sevgiyle and谋臒谋 edebiyat莽谋lardan.
Anlatt谋臒谋 konu itibariyle 莽ok etkilendi臒imi s枚yleyemem. Fakat "bir halk ayaklanmas谋n谋 ele alarak anlat谋m bi莽imiyle 莽arl谋臒谋n kat谋 sans眉r眉n眉 y谋kmaya 莽al谋艧m谋艧 olmas谋yla" bile takdiri hak ediyor yazar. Ya艧ananlarla ilgili fikirlerini metne ba艧ar谋l谋 bir 艧ekilde yedirmi艧.
Bu eser bana, Rus edebiyat谋n谋 ne kadar sevdi臒imi hat谋rlatt谋. 2022 y谋l谋 okuma plan谋n谋 kabataslak 艧ekillendirmi艧tim ama de臒i艧iklikler yapabilirim gibime geliyor.
Ben Pu艧kin'in bu kitab谋 herkesten 枚nce yazd谋臒谋n谋 unutmu艧tum. 馃檲馃檲 Sonlara do臒ru bak谋n谋rken g枚rd眉m. 脰yle olunca kitap g枚z眉mde epey b眉y眉d眉. 脟眉nk眉 herkes var i莽inde. T眉m Rus Edebiyat谋 var. Gen莽 ya艧ta 枚lmesine de daha 莽ok 眉z眉ld眉m. B眉y眉k Ustalar谋n tu臒lalar谋ndan okuyup gelirseniz daha bir etkileyici olacakt谋r diye d眉艧眉n眉yorum. Kronolojik bir okuma ayn谋 etkiyi yaratmayacakt谋r gibi geldi. Bu 艧ekilde denk getirdi臒im ve deneyimledi臒imden son derece memnunum. Vay be. Ke艧ke olaylar谋n nerelere gitti臒ini g枚rebilseydin Pu艧kin 眉stat.
Bu arada i莽erik de臒il kesinlikle 眉slup benim i莽in buradaki konu. Bunu "sanat谋n 枚yk眉s眉"nde de g枚r眉r眉z. R枚nesans s眉recinin geli艧imi nas谋ld谋? Floransa bir g眉nde kurulmad谋. Brunelleschi, Giotto, Masaccio ile gelen bir s眉re莽ti bu. Sadece sanatla da k谋s谋tlamam ama 艧imdi k谋s谋tlayaca臒谋m. :P Bilim, felsefeye girersek toparlayamam. :) Biz sanattan devam edelim. Acaba kendisi hakk谋nda d枚neminde neler dendi? O da geldi akl谋ma. 脟眉nk眉 yeni bir in艧a s眉reci hep sanc谋l谋 olmu艧 malum. Yine "sanat谋n 枚yk眉s眉"nde d枚nem isimleri nas谋ld谋? Hep bir ezikleme vard谋. 脰yle kalm谋艧 akl谋mda. :) Barok, Empresyonizm filan hep 枚yle idi... Ama kim ne demi艧se de bug眉ne ismi gelenler belli. T眉m ustalara sayg谋lar谋mla diyerek laf谋m谋 da ba臒lad谋m.
Vay be. Vay be. Vay be... Ke艧ke olaylar谋n nerelere gitti臒ini g枚rebilseydin Pu艧kin 眉stat...
Not: Caravaggio'a da selam olsun. Onu da 莽ok severim. D眉ello laf谋 ge莽ince akl谋ma geldi.
Me hab铆a quedado atr谩s con las rese帽as y la actualizaci贸n de mis lecturas en 欧宝娱乐 por lo que tratar茅 de ser breve.
Este libro nos regala toda la narrativa de Pushkin, el escritor, poeta, que revolucion贸 las letras rusas y del cual emanan otros escritores como Gogol, Gorki, Dostoyevski, Tolstoi, etc. Relatos, novelas cortas donde se descubre una Rusia diferente, sintetizada, sin adornos excesivos ; pero con toda su esencia que no deja de enamorar a los lectores. La historia que sobresale por su construcci贸n y por sus personajes es "La hija del capit谩n" y mi cuento favorito "El disparo". Aquel que quiera conocer el origen de la gran literatura rusa debe conocer a Pushkin y este libro es esencial para comprender su magn铆fica obra.
Wow, such direct and vivid prose. Pushkin does not waste a single word on unessential information. 'The Captain's Daughter' was imsanely thrilling. I decided to skip 'A History Of Pugachev' for now, because it seems to be very very dense. Although probably interesting, I don't really understand why it's part of this collection.
By the way, i definitely understand why people state that Pushkin had a big influence on the writing of later Russian authors such as Tolstoy. Must read if one wants to get into Russian literature!
Pushkin's one of a number of authors whom I acknowledge are a Big Deal in spheres other than my Anglocentric US one and with whom I've had a generally favorable, if limited, relationship through their single most popular work. Such leaves me with a vague desire to read more of their works but little knowledge as to what to pick up next, which was exactly me after reading way back in 2015. Now, Pushkin stands out from the crowd due to his singular heritage that earns him a spot in the extremely small circle composed of and whoever else stands tall in the European canon but flies under the racial radar, so I was especially keen on revisiting him in a far more informed capacity. After years of failing to find a single edition variety of his most ethnographically interesting (if not quality literature speaking) short work , I figured guaranteeing my acquisition of it was worth the price of more reading material. Now, I'll admit, getting to this during the first couple of months of new work in a new community made the reading endeavor a tad over my head in a few areas, especially when the endnotes turned into multi page writeups in and of themselves. However, for the majority of the time, Pushkin was wonderfully engaging in a half romantic adventurous, half witty commentarious, and surprisingly half women are human beingness, to the point that when I read the story in the appendix that had been popularly attributed but was later revealed to not be by Pushkin himself, I could immediately pick up on why one author had risen and the other had, in a word, sunk. The fact that this work encompasses all (or at least nearly) of Pushkin's official experimentations with prose, finished or otherwise, means that there are some rough spots at the beginning, and the last section was a tad too brownnosing and/or a stark reminder of Pushkin's elevation of status in the Russian tsardom for my tastes. However, I don't often engage with an author's complete prose in a single cumulative reading experience, and Pushkin I can say was one of the more rewarding authors to take on in such a fashion.
Diving into this holistic collection as haphazardly as I did means I ended up reading a number of works that I had seen around here and there but hadn't realized I'd be encountering until I was a few pages past the individual title. , , , , , along with a number of other, less famous prose offerings, among which one finds "The Blackamoor of Peter the Great" at the very beginning, the original goal of my reading. Considering how Pushkin occupied an intensely interesting liminal space where translations of novels (largely French) were coming into Russia and little existed in the country (leastwise in the writer's opinion) that could match it, following his journey from decrying prose as inadequate to drawing up severable serviceable, sometimes even grand, examples of the art was more engaging than most artist's prose collections end up being. Out of the lot, I'd say "Dubrovsky" stood out the most in my mind in terms of the deft balance between adventure potential of the plot with credible characterization and enculturated setting. I also appreciated the strong vein of spook present in "The Queen of Spades" and a few others (especially when presented in that special breed of deadpan humor that sends me into absolute fits of glee). The section devoted to Pugachev, one of Russia's many bloody historical figures and who rose and fell a half century before Pushkin's research into him, in both fiction and nonfiction forms had its fascinations due to the historical nature of both the figure and his nation's reckoning with his aftermath (Catherine the Great decreed that all information relating to Pugachev and his rebellion be suppressed, and Pushkin had to get official approval from Nicholas I to access the information). By the end, though, I was rather fatigued by having navigated this wide variety and intensely end noted (40-50 pages worth) spread of writings, and I was glad to finish this piece that I hadn't entirely known I had been getting myself into when I started.
After having got through this, all I would need to do is read an edition that encompasses all of Pushkin's non 'Eugene Onegin' poetical works and, barring the most inaccessible of unpublished writings, be finished with the author's entire oeuvre. I'm not in the mood to commit to that, but it is a nice thought to have an author be so compactly encompassed (although the details for why that's the case makes for a rather tragic trade off, to say the least). In any case, the times being what they are, singling out Russian works for especial perusal calms me in a singular fashion, especially when they are older and are grounded in beginnings rather than swamped in a chain of conflicting consequences. I don't have any left in my remaining challenge reads for this year, but soon I'll be changing over to a far more modern reading track for the rest of 2022, and there are a number of Russian works I can pick up for Women in Translation Month, if nothing else. As such, this was another instance of, however chaotic life became on both the local and the international scale of things, I've established this hobby of mine in a strong enough manner to sink into when necessary and come out when needed. Pushkin happened to be the focus in a manner that at first intimidated but further on engaged, and whatever you say about his writing, you can never say that it, or the person himself, was ever boring.
Rus Edebiyat谋'n谋n babas谋 say谋lan Alexander Pushkin'in t眉m 枚yk眉 ve romanlar谋n谋 bar谋nd谋ran Hasan Ali Y眉cel Dizisinin "Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋 - B眉t眉n 脰yk眉ler, B眉t眉n Romanlar" toplamas谋 38 gibi gen莽 bir ya艧ta hayat谋n谋 kaybetmi艧 Pushkin'in ne kadar harika bir yazar oldu臒unu okuyucuya sunan fazlas谋yla de臒erli bir eser. Dostoyevski, Tolstoy ve 脟ehov gibi kendinden sonraki t眉m Rus yazarlara ilham kayna臒谋 olmu艧 Pushkin'in eselerini okuduk莽a bu kadar gen莽 ya艧ta 枚lm眉艧 olmas谋na ger莽ekten 眉z眉l眉yorsunuz. Baz谋 eserlerini bitirememi艧 olmas谋na ra臒men betimlemeleri ve anlat谋m谋yla Rus edebiyat谋n谋n temel ta艧谋 haline gelen Pushkin 枚yk眉lerinden 枚zellikle "Povesti pokoynogo Ivana Petrovicha Belkina / The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin / Merhum 陌van Petrovi莽 Byelkin'in 脰yk眉leri" (1831), "Dubrovsky / Dubrovski" (1841) ve "Su莽 ve Ceza"daki Raskolnikov karakterine 枚n ayak olan "Pikovaya Dama / The Queen of Spades / Ma莽a K谋z谋" (1834) 枚yk眉leri bir harika. Fakat bunlar谋n i莽inden en iyisi ku艧kusuz toplamaya da ad谋n谋 vermi艧 ger莽ek bir ba艧yap谋t olan "Kapitanskaya Dochka / The Captain's Daughter / Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋" (1836). 脰yk眉lerinde sanat 枚zg眉rl眉臒眉n眉 savunan, Rus sosyetesini ele艧tiren ve Rusya tarihi hakk谋nda 枚nemli bilgiler veren Pushkin'in t眉m 枚yk眉lerinin topland谋臒谋 bu muhte艧em eser her edebiyat severin kitapl谋臒谋nda mutlaka bulunmas谋 gereken kitaplardan. Kitab谋n i莽indeki hikayeler s谋ras谋yla:
鈥� Arap Petra Velikogo / Peter the Great's Negro / B眉y眉k Petro'nun Arab谋 (1828) 鈥� A Novel in Letters / Mektuplarla Roman (1829) 鈥� Povesti pokoynogo Ivana Petrovicha Belkina / The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin / Merhum 陌van Petrovi莽 Byelkin'in 脰yk眉leri (1831) 鈥� Vystrel / The Shot / At谋艧 鈥� Metel / The Blizzard / Tipi 鈥� Grobovschik / The Undertaker / Tabut莽u 鈥� Stanzionny Smotritel / The Stationmaster / Menzil Bek莽isi 鈥� Baryshnya-krestyanka / The Squire's Daughter / K枚yl眉 Gen莽 Bayan 鈥� Istoriya sela Goryuhina / The Story of the Village of Goryukhino / Goryuhino K枚y眉 Tarihi (1837) 鈥� Roslavlev (1936) 鈥� Dubrovsky / Dubrovski (1841) 鈥� Pikovaya Dama / The Queen of Spades / Ma莽a K谋z谋 (1834) 鈥� Kirdzhali / K谋rcali (1834) 鈥� Yegipetskie Nochi / Egyptian Nights / M谋s谋r Geceleri (1837) 鈥� Kapitanskaya Dochka / The Captain's Daughter / Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋 (1836) 鈥� Puteshestvie v Arzrum / A Journey to Arzrum / 1829 Seferi S谋ras谋nda Erzurum'a Yolculuk (1836)
Being the first Russian writer I've ever read, I have nothing to compare Pushkin to. But all the amazing things I've heard about him, ring true after reading these tails-especially his poetry. I am mostly more into Romanticism than Realism but, Pushkin's writing style is beautiful even in an English translation and his frequent delving into deep pathos, plot- turns and shocking climaxes makes his work shine with luster amidst the snowy settings. There's a haunting and romantic gloom that sets the tone for his story's and even though a lot of them were never completed, they still leave a satisfying ending. Story's and novels always go on after the book has been closed and we're always left musing the possibilities from our own imaginings. I'll be sure to remember these tales for a while to come.
Rus edebiyat谋nda naz谋m ve nesrin tam ayr谋lmad谋臒谋 d枚nemlere yeni bir soluk getirmi艧 Pu艧kin. 1828鈥檇e yazmaya ba艧lad谋臒谋 ancak bitirmedi臒i roman denemesi B眉y眉k Petro鈥檔un Arab谋 艧iir ve d眉z yaz谋 aras谋nda gidip geliyor. Pu艧kin鈥檌n tam anlam谋yla uygun bir bi莽imde olmasa da bu roman谋n谋 anne taraf谋ndan b眉y眉k b眉y眉kbabas谋 Abram Petrovich Gannibal鈥櫮眓 hayat hikayesine dayand谋rd谋臒谋 biliniyor. Vaftiz babas谋 B眉y眉k Petro taraf谋ndan yeti艧tirilen Gannibal, Voltaire taraf谋ndan Ayd谋nlanma鈥檔谋n karanl谋k y谋ld谋z谋 olarak adland谋r谋lm谋艧. Zeki oldu臒u bir莽ok ki艧i taraf谋ndan do臒rulanm谋艧, ancak ahlak谋 konusunda Pu艧kin鈥檌n yazd谋klar谋n谋n aksine bir anla艧maya var谋lamam谋艧. B眉y眉k Petro鈥檔un Arab谋鈥檔谋 莽evirirken 50 sayfal谋k bir not ekleyen Nabokov, Gannibal i莽in 鈥渋yi bir askeri m眉hendis, insanl谋臒谋 bak谋m谋ndan bir hi莽鈥� demi艧. Pu艧kin bu tart谋艧mal谋 atas谋n谋n hikayesini 40 sayfada b谋rakm谋艧.
Mektuplarla Roman, ad谋yla bir莽ok 艧eyi a莽谋kl谋臒a kavu艧turuyor. Liza ve Sa艧a鈥檔谋n mektupla艧malar谋yla ba艧lay谋p, Vladimir ve dostunun mektupla艧malar谋yla son buluyor. Karakterlerin mektupla anlat谋c谋l谋k g枚revini 眉stlenmesi kurgusu ve Balzac鈥檌n Eug茅nie Grandet鈥檚i Dostoyevski鈥檡i olduk莽a etkilemi艧 olacak ki i艧inden yeni istifa etmi艧 bu adam, 9 ay i莽erisinde ilk roman谋 陌nsanc谋klar鈥櫮� yazm谋艧.
陌nsanc谋klar demi艧ken; Fedora鈥檔谋n Varvara鈥檡a getirdi臒i, sevgili Varenka鈥檚谋ndan da Makar Devu艧kin鈥檈 枚d眉n莽 gelen Byelkin 脰yk眉leri (Merhum 陌van Petrovi莽 Byelkin鈥檌n 脰yk眉leri), Pu艧kin鈥檌n Rus halk谋n谋 ger莽ek莽i bir 莽izgide anlatt谋臒谋 be艧 枚yk眉den olu艧uyor: At谋艧, Tipi, Tabut莽u, Menzil Bek莽isi ve K枚yl眉 Gen莽 Bayan. Bu 枚yk眉lerden Tabut莽u (1830), Dickens鈥櫮眓 A Christmas Carol鈥櫮眓a (1843) benzerli臒iyle; Menzil Bek莽isi de tasvirleriyle dikkatimi 莽ekmi艧ti. 陌nsanc谋klar鈥櫮眓 Makar Devu艧kin鈥檌yse 鈥渒endi g枚nl眉nde ne varsa en ince ayr谋nt谋lar谋yla yazd谋臒谋鈥� i莽in sevmi艧 bu hik芒yeyi: 鈥淢enzil Bek莽isi鈥檔i de okudum; size 艧unu s枚yleyeyim can谋m, insan ya艧ay谋p gidiyor, ama hemen yan谋nda b枚yle bir kitab谋n varl谋臒谋n谋, b眉t眉n hayat谋n谋n i莽ine ilmek ilmek i艧lendi臒i bir kitab谋n varl谋臒谋n谋 bilmiyor.鈥� 鈥淕er莽ekten ben bile yazabilirdim bunu; neden yazmam谋艧谋m? Sonu莽ta ayn谋 hissediyorum, kesinlikle kitapta yazd谋臒谋 gibi hissediyorum, tam olarak ayn谋 durumday谋m 眉stelik, misal olarak s枚yl眉yorum, hikayedeki zavall谋 Samson Vyrin gibiyim. Kim bilir ka莽 Samson Vyrin dola艧谋yor aram谋zda, yaral谋 y眉re臒iyle!鈥� (脟ev. Sabri G眉rses, Can Klasik 2019 bask谋s谋)
Goryuhino K枚y眉 Tarihi鈥檔de bir tarih yaz谋c谋l谋臒谋 parodisi olu艧turuyor Pu艧kin. Romantik tarih anlay谋艧谋n谋 yazd谋臒谋 bu k谋sa 枚yk眉yle ele艧tiriyor.
Roslavlev鈥檇e bir kad谋n谋n a臒z谋ndan ba艧ka bir kad谋n谋, Prenses Polina鈥檡谋 anlat谋yor. Polina karakteri 眉zerinden sosyetenin iki y眉zl眉l眉臒眉n眉 ele al谋yor. Behramo臒lu 枚ns枚z眉nde Roslavlev鈥檌n Tolstoy鈥檜n Sava艧 ve Bar谋艧鈥櫮眓a ilham olmu艧 olabilece臒inden bahsediyor.
Pu艧kin zengin ve asil bir ailenin 莽ocu臒u olarak d眉nyaya gelmesiyle, kendini bu ele艧tirdi臒i sosyetenin i莽inde bulmu艧tu. Tabii bu sayede Frans谋zca e臒itim ald谋 ve d枚nemin 枚nemli 艧air ve yazarlar谋n谋 okudu. K枚yl眉 dad谋s谋 Arina鈥檔谋n anlatt谋臒谋 hikayeler ise sevgi ve bar谋艧a yatk谋n g枚rd眉臒眉, ahlakl谋 ve 艧erefli buldu臒u Rus halk谋na ilk ba臒谋yd谋. 陌lk 艧iirlerinde bile Rus edebiyat谋nda 枚nc眉lerinden olaca臒谋 ger莽ek莽ilik ak谋m谋n谋n izlerinin g枚r眉lebildi臒i s枚ylenir (Ben hen眉z okumad谋m, bilmiyorum). Pu艧kin her ne kadar ger莽ek莽i bir zemin yaratsa da romantik karakterler kulland谋臒谋 romanlar da yazd谋 (kimilerine g枚re bunlar roman de臒il, novella). Bitirilmemi艧 oldu臒u iddia edilen ve 枚l眉m眉nden sonra yay谋nlanan Dubrovski bunlardan biri. Biri zengin biri fakir iki derebeyi olan Troyekurov ve Dubrovski鈥檔in ili艧kisiyle ba艧layan bu roman, Pu艧kin鈥檌n bir halk isyan谋n谋 ele ald谋臒谋 ilk eseri. Paran谋n sat谋n alabildi臒i b眉rokrasi sistemi sonucunda neler olabilece臒ini inceliyor. Dubrovski鈥檔in bunun d谋艧谋nda ele alabilece臒imiz pek 莽ok y枚n眉 var, ama hi莽 keyif ka莽谋rmadan olduk莽a ilgimi 莽eken Ma莽a K谋z谋鈥檔a ge莽iyorum.
Ma莽a K谋z谋鈥檔da s谋ra d谋艧谋 bir karakteri ele al谋yor Pu艧kin: Hermann. Saf k枚t眉, Dostoyevski鈥檔in deyi艧iyle iblis bir ruhu var bu Hermann鈥櫮眓. Tabut莽u hikayesiyle baz谋 枚geleri payla艧谋yor olsa da, Rus yaz谋n d眉nyas谋n谋 daha 莽ok etkilemi艧, Raskalnikov ve 艦tolts karakterlerinin betonunu d枚km眉艧.
K谋rcali ve M谋s谋r Geceleri olduk莽a k谋sa iki hik芒ye. 脰zellikle K谋rcali di臒er eserlerin yan谋nda olduk莽a s枚n眉k kalm谋艧. M谋s谋r Geceleri, (anlat谋c谋ya g枚re) parag枚z bir emprovizat枚rle yollar谋 kesi艧en, 艧air unvan谋ndan hi莽 ho艧lanmayan bir 艧air olan 脟arski鈥檔in yar谋 manzum hikayesi.
Geldik Pu艧kin鈥檌n belki de en 眉nl眉 eserine: Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋. 鈥淜ahramanlar谋n ger莽ek ya艧amdan kopuk, sava艧tan ba艧ka bir 艧ey d眉艧眉nmeyen yapay ki艧iler olarak de臒il de, kendilerine 枚zg眉 ya艧amlar谋 ve aile ya艧ant谋lar谋yla birlikte verilmi艧 olmalar谋鈥� (Behramo臒lu) bu roman谋n en g眉zel yanlar谋ndan. Puga莽ev isyan谋 s谋ras谋nda ge莽en (evet yine d眉zmece) Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋, bu isyan谋 ve Marya鈥檡la Pyotr aras谋ndaki a艧k谋 merkeze al谋yor. Bu roman hakk谋nda sevdi臒im di臒er bir 艧ey ise bu a艧k谋n g枚kten d眉艧ercesine bir anda ortaya 莽谋kmamas谋. Sava艧ta s谋rf 鈥渒枚t眉鈥� taraf谋n da iyi y眉rekli olabilece臒inin, sava艧anlar谋n iyiliklerinden ya da k枚t眉l眉klerinden de臒il 眉slerine ba臒l谋l谋klar谋ndan sava艧t谋klar谋 anlat谋s谋, Pu艧kin鈥檌 k谋smen bar谋艧 yanl谋s谋 yap谋yor diyebilir miyiz?
Bu kitaptaki son eser, 1829 Seferi S谋ras谋nda Erzurum鈥檃 Yolculuk. Rus i艧gali alt谋nda gitti臒i Erzurum鈥檇a g枚rmek istedi臒i 鈥淩usya d谋艧谋鈥� hissiyat谋n谋 bulamam谋艧 Pu艧kin. Ald谋臒谋 gezi notlar谋n谋, sen sava艧 s谋ras谋nda epik bir 艧eyler yazars谋n diye beklemi艧tik diyenlere inat yay谋mlamam谋艧 ilk ba艧ta. Sava艧tan d枚n眉p Yevgeni Onegin鈥檌 yay谋mlamas谋 da tepki 莽ekmi艧. Sonra bu ele艧tiriler 眉zerine yay谋mlamad谋臒谋n谋 眉st眉ne basa basa yazd谋臒谋 bir 枚ns枚zle bas谋lm谋艧 bu yolculuk notlar谋. 脰len bir T眉rk askerinin betimlemesiyle, k谋smi h眉manist taraf谋n谋 az谋c谋k da olsa s谋zd谋rm谋艧. Erzurum鈥檃 Yolculuk鈥檛aki do臒a betimlemelerini ve tablolarla benze艧tirmelerini 莽ok be臒endim. Zihnimde hala canl谋 g枚r眉nt眉lerle kapa臒谋 kapatt谋m.
D眉nya edebiyat谋nda bir 莽ok esere ilham veren karakterleri hikayelerinde yaratan Pu艧kin鈥檌n t眉m 枚yk眉 ve romanlar谋 tek ciltte toplanm谋艧. Baz谋lar谋, daha kafamda olaylar谋 kahramanlar谋 oturtamadan bitiverdi. 脰zellikle Dubrovski son derece g眉zel bir kurgu, biraz Monte Kristo Kontu tad谋 bile veriyor. Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋 ve tamamlanamam谋艧 olmas谋na ra臒men B眉y眉k Petro鈥檔un Arab谋 da olduk莽a sa臒lam hikayeler. Pu艧kin bo艧una modern Rus edebiyat谋n谋n kurucusu olarak bilinmiyor.
From these fine paper leafs strung with needle and thread in a red binding sprung the brightest truths, and fiery words that ever a pen has splashed on the dawn of the warmest day in literary history.
Este libro contiene toda la prosa narrativa de Pushkin. No contiene sus obras teatrales (como Boris Godunov) ni sus poemas (como Eugene Onegin). Ya dicho eso, al leer este libro se est谩 ante la presencia de un genio. Algo que no se puede apreciar bien con una traducci贸n es c贸mo Pushkin b谩sicamente construy贸 un lenguaje de la nada. El ruso era una lengua hablada por la poblaci贸n m谩s pobre de forma precaria, lo que le daba una mala reputaci贸n como lengua. La aristocracia hablaba franc茅s y los campesinos eran analfabetos, de modo que los 煤nicos que realmente sab铆an leer y escribir bien el cir铆lico ruso eran los monjes. Pushkin tom贸 este lenguaje y fue agreg谩ndole palabras nuevas en base a otras ya existentes en su prosa, sus versos y sus obras a tal punto que lo termin贸 convirtiendo en un lenguaje con una nueva reputaci贸n y, si bien la nobleza a煤n segu铆a hablando franc茅s, empezaron a ver con mejores ojos a la lengua anteriormente desprestigiada. Lo que caracteriza a la narrativa de Pushkin es que va al punto. Nunca se larga en una descripci贸n detallada de nada, s贸lo da los puntos esenciales y que el lector haga el resto. Incluso cuando en verdad se da a describir algo, usa las palabras en forma concisa y simple. Tambi茅n tiene un tono muy juguet贸n a la hora de narrar, muy consciente de cuando est谩 narrando cosas extra帽as o divertidas. S贸lo por mencionar algunos de los textos incluidos, se puede mencionar que sus Cuentos de Iv谩n Petr贸vich Belkin usa un narrador ficticio para contar peque帽as historias de la "vida cotidiana" que no est谩n relacionadas entre s铆, La dama de pique incluye potenciales eventos sobrenaturales (o tal vez no...), La hija del capit谩n narra una trama en medio de un evento hist贸rico de forma mucho m谩s cre铆ble que otros libros de ficci贸n hist贸rica y Viaje a Arzrum durante la campa帽a de 1829 es una narrativa de viaje, acompa帽ando al ej茅rcito hacia el C谩ucaso durante la Guerra Ruso-Turca, actuando de hecho de forma ilegal (ya que cruz贸 la frontera a territorio otomano a煤n cuando el zar se lo ten铆a prohibido). Sus tramas son bien diversas, pero tienen en com煤n el concepto de un hombre com煤n y corriente al que s煤bitamente se le presenta una situaci贸n inusual ante el cual no sabe bien c贸mo debe actuar.
陌nce bir alay, zeka par谋lt谋s谋 ve yal谋n bir anlat谋m ile 11 枚yk眉. Arada bir 鈥極kuyucu! Sabret! Bir sonraki b枚l眉mde okuyacaks谋n!鈥� vb. seslenmeleriyle Pu艧kin鈥檌n varl谋臒谋m谋 fark etmesi sonucu anlams谋zca mutlu olmama neden olan; 鈥淕aliba, o da burada oldu臒umu biliyor鈥� fark谋ndal谋臒谋:) Rus derebeylik d眉zenini ve halk ayaklanmas谋n谋 romantik bir a艧k e艧li臒inde anlatan Dubrovski; Petersburg sosyetesini, ac谋mas谋z ve k枚t眉c眉l karakter 鈥楬ermann鈥� 莽evresinde anlatt谋臒谋 Ma莽a K谋z谋; Sava艧谋 t眉m ger莽ekli臒i, yal谋nl谋臒谋, karma艧谋kl谋臒谋 ile ikili ili艧kilerle abart谋s谋zca anlatan, Sava艧 ve Bar谋艧鈥檃 ilham olan Y眉zba艧谋n谋n K谋z谋; be艧 y谋ld谋zl谋k 3 枚yk眉. 38 ya艧谋nda bir d眉elloda hayat谋n谋 kaybetmeye g枚ze alan aptal cesaretinizi bir kenara b谋rak谋rsak soylu, aristokrat bir ailede do臒up da sistemi, halk谋, sava艧谋 irdeleme meziyetinizi hadsizce takdir etti臒im kitab谋n谋z谋n son sayfas谋n谋 鈥樏嚸寂� art谋k鈥� diyerek kapat谋yorum sevgili Pu艧kin;)
Roman谋 1980'lerin Oda Yay谋nlar谋 莽evirisinden okudum. T眉rk莽e deyimler, atas枚zleri hatta T眉rk莽e yerel a臒谋zlarla dolu diyaloglar mevcut. Bence s谋r谋tm谋yor adaptasyona yak谋n keyifli bir 莽eviri. Seyis Saveli莽 de臒il de S眉leyman emmi 艧ikayetleniyormu艧 gibi.
Lisede 枚臒rendi臒imiz romantizm edebiyat ak谋m谋n谋n 枚zelliklerini hat谋rlad谋m kitab谋 okurken. Y眉zba艧谋n谋n k谋z谋 ve ba艧karakter Pyotr'谋n temsil etti臒i mutlak iyiler ile 艦vabrin'in i艧gal etti臒i mutlak k枚t眉 noktalar谋. Yazar谋n yer yer kendi d眉艧眉ncesini de yaz谋yor olu艧u, olmaz tesad眉fler, kar艧谋la艧malar ve mutlu son.
Karakterlerin halktan ki艧iler aras谋ndan se莽ilmi艧 olmas谋 Rusya'da eseri realizmin 枚nc眉s眉 olarak de臒erlendirilmesinde 枚nemli rol oynuyor san谋r谋m.
Bu eser bir a艧k hikayesi. Eserin Puga莽ev'in 枚nderi oldu臒u Tatar isyan谋yla sosyolojik olarak hemen hemen hi莽 ilgisi yok. Puga莽ev'in isyan谋 neden patlad谋, bu isyanc谋lar谋n motivasyonlar谋 neydi; hatta bu bir ba臒谋ms谋zl谋k isyan谋 m谋 yoksa 脟arl谋k zulm眉ne kar艧谋 bir direni艧 mi... Hi莽bir 艧ey anlayam谋yoruz. Anlat谋lmak istenen bu olmayabilir ama 枚nemli karakterlerinden birinin isyan hareketinin lideri olan Puga莽ev oldu臒u bir romanda yazar谋n isyana da biraz dokunmas谋n谋 tercih ederdim.