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賮賱爻賮賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲蹖
丕賲丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賮丕蹖丿賴鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇丿. 丿賵爻鬲蹖 毓卮賯蹖 乇丕 丿乇 丿賱 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌藏� 讴賴 亘賴 夭賳丿诏蹖賽 丌丿賲蹖 乇賳诏 賵 毓賲賯 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖鈥屫й� 乇丕 賲賵噩亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丨氐丕乇賴丕蹖 禺賵丿禺賵丕賴蹖 乇丕 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫藏� 賵賯鬲蹖 亘賴 丿乇丿爻乇 賲蹖鈥屫з佖屬� 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 賲胤賲卅賳 賵 丨乇蹖賲蹖 丕賲賳 亘乇丕蹖鈥屬呚з� 賲賴蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 鬲爻賱丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 亘乇丕蹖 賲氐丕卅亘賲丕賳貙 爻賳诏 氐亘賵乇蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇丕夭賴丕蹖賲丕賳貙 賵 丕賳诏蹖夭賴鈥屫й� 亘乇丕蹖 噩丿賵噩賴丿賴丕蹖賲丕賳. 賴賲踿 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮鈥屬囏� 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲鈥� 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 賴賲趩賵賳 丿蹖诏乇 诏賵賳賴鈥屬囏й� 毓卮賯貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 賲賵噩亘 乇賳噩 賵 爻蹖賴鈥屫辟堌槽� 賴賲 亘卮賵丿 丕夭 丿乇丿 亘蹖鈥屬聚屫� 賵 毓賱蹖鈥屫з勜堌з呝� 鬲乇讴鈥屫簇� 诏乇賮鬲賴 鬲丕 夭禺賲 毓賲蹖賯 禺蹖丕賳鬲貙 蹖丕 賲禺賲氐賴鈥屬囏й� 毓匕丕亘鈥屫①堌辟� 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖鈥ωй屬� 讴鬲丕亘 鄱 賮氐賱 丿丕乇丿貙 郾) 芦丿賵爻鬲 賲賳賽 丿蹖诏乇 丕爻鬲禄: 亘賳蹖丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丕乇爻胤賵蹖蹖 鄄) 芦蹖讴鈥屫堌� 噩丿丕蹖蹖禄: 倬丿蹖丿丕乇 卮丿賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲丿乇賳 鄢) 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖 乇賵丨蹖: 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 賴賳乇 鄞) 芦賵 賯爻 毓賱蹖 賴匕丕禄: 趩乇丕 亘賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 毓卮賯 賲蹖鈥屬堌必槽屬呚� 鄣) 芦诏賵卮鬲鈥屫勜屄�: 诏爻爻鬲賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鄱) 睾丕蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖
248 pages, Paperback
First published May 3, 2016
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About the author
Alexander Nehamas
26听books76听followersAlexander Nehamas (Greek: 螒位苇尉伪谓未蟻慰蟼 螡蔚蠂伪渭维蟼; born 1946) is Professor of philosophy and Edmund N. Carpenter, II Class of 1943 Professor in the Humanities at Princeton University and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He works on Greek philosophy, aesthetics, Nietzsche, Foucault, and literary theory.
He was born in Athens, Greece in 1946. In 1964, he enrolled to Swarthmore College. He graduated in 1967 and completed his doctorate on Predication in Plato's Phaedo under the direction of Gregory Vlastos at Princeton in 1971. He taught at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pennsylvania before joining the Princeton faculty in 1990.
His early work was on Platonic metaphysics and aesthetics as well as the philosophy of Socrates, but he gained a wider audience with his 1985 book Nietzsche: Life as Literature, which argued that Nietzsche thought of life and the world on the model of a literary text. Nehamas has said, "The virtues of life are comparable to the virtues of good writing鈥攕tyle, connectedness, grace, elegance鈥攁nd also, we must not forget, sometimes getting it right." More recently, he has become well known for his view that philosophy should provide a form of life, as well as for his endorsement of the artistic value of television. In 2008, he delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh.
He was born in Athens, Greece in 1946. In 1964, he enrolled to Swarthmore College. He graduated in 1967 and completed his doctorate on Predication in Plato's Phaedo under the direction of Gregory Vlastos at Princeton in 1971. He taught at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pennsylvania before joining the Princeton faculty in 1990.
His early work was on Platonic metaphysics and aesthetics as well as the philosophy of Socrates, but he gained a wider audience with his 1985 book Nietzsche: Life as Literature, which argued that Nietzsche thought of life and the world on the model of a literary text. Nehamas has said, "The virtues of life are comparable to the virtues of good writing鈥攕tyle, connectedness, grace, elegance鈥攁nd also, we must not forget, sometimes getting it right." More recently, he has become well known for his view that philosophy should provide a form of life, as well as for his endorsement of the artistic value of television. In 2008, he delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh.
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June 20, 2021
丿賵爻鬲蹖 賮丕蹖丿賴鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇丿. 丿賵爻鬲蹖 毓卮賯蹖 乇丕 丿乇 丿賱 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌藏� 讴賴 亘賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 丌丿賲蹖 乇賳诏 賵 毓賲賯 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 乇丕 賲賵噩亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丨氐丕乇賴丕蹖 禺賵丿禺賵丕賴蹖 乇丕 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫藏�. 賵賯鬲蹖 亘賴 丿乇丿爻乇 賲蹖鈥屫з佖屬呚� 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 賲胤賲卅賳 賵 丨乇蹖賲蹖 丕賲賳 亘乇丕蹖賲丕賳 賲賴蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 鬲爻賱丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 亘乇丕蹖 賲氐丕卅亘賲丕賳貙 爻賳诏 氐亘賵乇蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇丕夭賴丕蹖賲丕賳 賵 丕賳诏蹖夭賴鈥屫й� 亘乇丕蹖 噩丿 賵 噩賴丿賴丕蹖賲丕賳.
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賮賱爻賮賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲丿鬲 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 丨賮馗 乇賵丕亘胤 賵 丿诏乇丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 賴賲蹖賳鈥屫焚堌� 丨賮馗 賵 倬丕蹖丿丕卮鬲 乇賵丕亘胤 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿乇 丨蹖胤賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴鈥屸€屫臂� 禺賵丕賳丿賲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲賵噩賴 賲丕 噩賱亘 卮賳丕禺鬲 噩賳亘賴鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賮乇丕丿 丿乇 賲讴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲蹖卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 賮賱爻賮賴 賵 賴賳乇 趩诏賵賳賴 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 賳诏乇卮賲賵賳 乇丕 亘賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 讴賳賴 賵 丿乇 亘禺卮 丿賵賲 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 亘賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 禺胤乇丕鬲 賵 賳丕賲賱丕蹖賲丕鬲卮. 丕蹖賳讴賴 毓賱鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏� 趩蹖爻鬲 賵 丌蹖丕 賲賳賮毓鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 賮賵丕蹖丿蹖 讴賴 賲丕 丕夭 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屬囏� 賲蹖诏蹖乇蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁嗀� 毓賱鬲 噩匕亘 卮丿賳 亘賴 丕賮乇丕丿 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘丕卮賳丿 蹖丕 賳賴責 趩乇丕 亘丕 亘乇禺蹖 氐賲蹖賲蹖鈥屫� 賴爻鬲蹖賲 賵 丌蹖丕 毓賱丕蹖賯 賲卮鬲乇讴 丿丕卮鬲賳 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 亘丕毓孬 丨賮馗 賵 丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 亘丕卮丿責
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丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賴丿蹖賴鈥屰� 鬲賵賱丿賲 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 禺賵亘賲 亘賵丿 賵 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賲 賵 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賲. 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 蹖丕丿賲賵賳 亘丕卮賴 丨賮馗 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲蹖賲賵賳 賳蹖丕夭 亘賴 賲乇丕賯亘鬲 丿丕乇賴 賵 丕诏乇 丨賵丕爻賲賵賳 賳亘丕卮賴 賵 爻賴賱鈥屫з嗂ж臂� 讴賳蹖賲 賲賲讴賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 丕夭 丿爻鬲卮賵賳 亘丿蹖賲.
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賮賱爻賮賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲丿鬲 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 丨賮馗 乇賵丕亘胤 賵 丿诏乇丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 賴賲蹖賳鈥屫焚堌� 丨賮馗 賵 倬丕蹖丿丕卮鬲 乇賵丕亘胤 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿乇 丨蹖胤賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴鈥屸€屫臂� 禺賵丕賳丿賲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲賵噩賴 賲丕 噩賱亘 卮賳丕禺鬲 噩賳亘賴鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賮乇丕丿 丿乇 賲讴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲蹖卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 賮賱爻賮賴 賵 賴賳乇 趩诏賵賳賴 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 賳诏乇卮賲賵賳 乇丕 亘賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 讴賳賴 賵 丿乇 亘禺卮 丿賵賲 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 亘賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 禺胤乇丕鬲 賵 賳丕賲賱丕蹖賲丕鬲卮. 丕蹖賳讴賴 毓賱鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏� 趩蹖爻鬲 賵 丌蹖丕 賲賳賮毓鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 賮賵丕蹖丿蹖 讴賴 賲丕 丕夭 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屬囏� 賲蹖诏蹖乇蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁嗀� 毓賱鬲 噩匕亘 卮丿賳 亘賴 丕賮乇丕丿 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘丕卮賳丿 蹖丕 賳賴責 趩乇丕 亘丕 亘乇禺蹖 氐賲蹖賲蹖鈥屫� 賴爻鬲蹖賲 賵 丌蹖丕 毓賱丕蹖賯 賲卮鬲乇讴 丿丕卮鬲賳 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 亘丕毓孬 丨賮馗 賵 丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 亘丕卮丿責
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丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賴丿蹖賴鈥屰� 鬲賵賱丿賲 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 禺賵亘賲 亘賵丿 賵 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賲 賵 丿乇爻 诏乇賮鬲賲. 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 蹖丕丿賲賵賳 亘丕卮賴 丨賮馗 乇賵丕亘胤 丿賵爻鬲蹖賲賵賳 賳蹖丕夭 亘賴 賲乇丕賯亘鬲 丿丕乇賴 賵 丕诏乇 丨賵丕爻賲賵賳 賳亘丕卮賴 賵 爻賴賱鈥屫з嗂ж臂� 讴賳蹖賲 賲賲讴賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 丕夭 丿爻鬲卮賵賳 亘丿蹖賲.
September 6, 2023
賮賱爻賮賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳丕賲 讴鬲丕亘蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 丕夭 丕賱讴爻丕賳丿乇 賳賴丕賲丕爻 貙 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 貙 丕爻鬲丕丿 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賵 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賵 倬跇賵賴卮诏乇 蹖賵賳丕賳蹖 鈥� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 . 丕賵 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賵卮蹖丿賴 亘丕 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 賵 賯丕亘賱 賮賴賲 賲賮賴賵賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕夭 丕亘毓丕丿 賲禺鬲賱賮 賵 丿乇 丨賵夭賴 賴丕蹖 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴賳丿 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賵 亘丕 丕爻鬲賳丕丿 亘賴 賮賱爻賮賴 亘丕爻鬲丕賳貙 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賵 鬲噩乇亘蹖丕鬲 卮禺氐蹖 貙 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥� 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 蹖丕丿 丌賵乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 .
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘丕 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 賮乇丕賵丕賳 亘賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵丕跇賴 賴丕 賵 噩丕蹖诏丕賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 賮賱爻賮賴 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 貙 丕蹖賳 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 诏乇趩賴 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 爻禺鬲 讴乇丿賴 丕賲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 賳爻亘鬲丕 讴丕賲賱 丕夭 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲乇爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 亘乇丕蹖 蹖丕賮鬲賳 賲賮賴賵賲 賵 賲毓賳丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 丕乇爻胤賵 賵 鬲毓乇蹖賮 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 卮乇賵毓 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 丕賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 乇丕 亘賴 爻賴 丿爻鬲賴 : 乇丕亘胤賴 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賳蹖丕夭 貙 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賱匕鬲 賵 丕夭 乇賵蹖 讴賲丕賱 賵 賱匕鬲 鬲賯爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 乇丕亘胤賴 蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賲丨蹖胤 讴丕乇 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 丕夭 賳賵毓 乇丕亘胤賴 丕賵賱 貙 乇丕亘胤賴 毓卮賯蹖 丕夭 賳賵毓 丿賵賲 蹖毓賳蹖 賱匕鬲 丕爻鬲 丕乇爻胤賵 丕賲丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賮囟蹖賱鬲 乇丕 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 乇丕亘胤賴 賵 蹖丕 賴賲丕賳 禺蹖乇 讴丕賲賱 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
賮蹖賱蹖丕 貙 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 賵 賮蹖賱賵爻 :
亘禺卮 賲賴賲蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賮蹖賱蹖丕 賵 爻倬爻 賮蹖賱賵爻 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕乇丿 貙 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘乇丕蹖 卮乇丨 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 卮丕禺氐 丕乇爻胤賵 蹖毓賳蹖 丕禺賱丕賯 賳蹖讴賵賲丕禺賵爻蹖 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿賴 . 丕賵 丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 賮蹖賱蹖丕 丕卮丕乇賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賮蹖賱蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 丕氐賱 讴賱蹖丿蹖 丿乇 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕乇爻胤賵 亘爻胤 丿賴丿 . 丕賵 賮蹖賱蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 賲乇丕鬲亘 賲賴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖丕 毓賱丕賯賴 賵 氐賲蹖賲蹖鬲 亘賱讴賴 蹖讴 賳賵毓 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賲賴賲 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 讴賴 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 毓卮賯貙 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 賵 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 卮讴賱 诏乇賮鬲賴 賵 賳賯卮 賲賴賲蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 卮丕丿丕亘蹖 丕賵 丕蹖賮丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� . 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 賴賲 丕氐胤賱丕丨蹖 毓丕賲 賵 噩丕賲毓 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏爻鬲乇賴 賵爻蹖毓蹖 丕夭 丕賳賵丕毓 丨丕賱鬲 賴丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲 鬲丕 卮賵乇 丌鬲卮蹖賳 卮賴賵鬲 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮賵丿 蹖丕 亘賴 亘蹖丕賳 丿蹖诏乇 賴乇 趩賴 亘乇丕蹖賲丕賳 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 趩賴 讴賲 賵 趩賴 夭蹖丕丿 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 乇丕 丿乇 賲丕 亘乇 賲蹖 丕賳诏蹖夭丿 . 賮蹖賱賵爻 賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 亘賴 賲乇丕鬲亘 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 毓丕卮賯 蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賵 卮乇丕蹖胤 賮蹖賱蹖丕 丿丕賳爻鬲 . 丕乇爻胤賵丕夭 賳馗乇蹖賴 爻禺鬲 禺賵丿 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴 诏蹖乇蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵 胤乇賮賴 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘賴 匕丕鬲 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 賵 丿丕卮鬲賳 賮囟丕蹖賱蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 卮丨丕毓鬲 貙 賲蹖丕賳賴 乇賵蹖 貙 氐丿丕賯鬲 賵 毓丿丕賱鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 貙 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 賮蹖賱蹖丕 亘乇賯乇丕乇 卮丿賴 貙 賮蹖賱蹖爻蹖爻 亘乇丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 丿賵 胤乇賮 賮蹖賱賵爻 賴賲 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿 .
丕賲丕 賳賴丕賲丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 爻禺鬲 丕乇爻胤賵 乇丕 乇丿 賲蹖 讴賳丿 貙 丕賵 亘丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 毓賲蹖賯 亘賵丿賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 蹖丕 賴賲丕賳 賮蹖賱蹖丕 貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賲丨丿賵丿 賳賲蹖 讴賳丿 貙 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 乇囟蹖賱鬲 賴賲 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 倬丕蹖賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘丕卮丿 . 丕賵爻倬爻 賮賱爻賮賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賵 鬲賱丕卮 丕賵 亘乇丕蹖 诏賳噩丕賳丿賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 毓卮賯 亘賴 禺丿丕 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 爻倬爻 亘丕 倬卮鬲 爻乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賳 噩賴丕賳 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 賵丕乇丿 噩賴丕賳 賲丿乇賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿 .
賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賲賴賲 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賳賴丕賲丕爻 毓賯丕蹖丿 丕賵 乇丕 亘乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 貙 丕賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕夭 丨賵夭賴 毓賲賵賲蹖 亘賴 賯賱賲乇賵 禺氐賵氐蹖 亘乇丿 貙 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 賴蹖趩 乇亘胤蹖 亘賴 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 蹖丕 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲 賵 鬲賳賴丕 賵 鬲賳賴丕 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮丿 . 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賴蹖趩 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕賱诏賵 賳丿丕賳爻鬲賴 賵 賴乇 乇丕亘胤賴 賵 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 丌賳乇丕 賲賳丨氐乇 亘賴 賮乇丿 禺賵丕賳丿賴 . 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 趩賳丿丕賳 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 蹖丕賮鬲賳 倬丕爻禺 賵 蹖丕 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲 賵 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 賳亘賵丿賴 . 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 賴乇 倬丕爻禺蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賵丕賱 诏賳诏 賵 賳丕賯氐 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 .
賳賴丕賲丕爻 丕蹖丿賴 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 乇丕 亘爻胤 丿丕丿賴 貙 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 丕夭 丌賳 噩丕 讴賴 亘禺卮 賲賴賲蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳诏丕賴 亘賴 丌蹖賳丿賴 丿丕乇丿 賵 丌蹖賳丿賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳丕賲卮禺氐 丕爻鬲 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 倬丕爻禺 讴丕賲賱蹖 亘賴 爻賵丕賱 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖 趩蹖爻鬲 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丿丕丿 貙 趩賵賳 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿乇 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇賵卮賳 禺賵丕賴丿 卮丿 .
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘賴 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賵 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 丕賵 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕讴鬲賮丕 賳讴乇丿賴 賵 亘賴 丌乇丕蹖 丿蹖賵蹖丿 賴蹖賵賲 貙 丕賲丕賳賵卅賱 讴丕賳鬲 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 毓賯賱 诏乇丕蹖丕賳賴 賲亘鬲賳蹖 亘乇 毓賯賱 賵 賲蹖賱 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 乇賮丕賴 賵 丌丿丕賲 丕爻賲蹖鬲 ( 亘賴 毓賯蹖丿賴 丕爻賲蹖鬲 貙 丕賱賮鬲 賵 丿賱亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘乇 賴賲丿賱蹖 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 亘乇 卮丕賱賵丿賴 蹖 賴賲丿賱蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘賳丕 賲蹖 卮賵丿 ) 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲 賲賮氐賱 賳賴丕賲丕爻 丕蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖 跇丕讴 丿乇蹖丿丕 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲丿賱 賴丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘乇 倬丕蹖賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖鬲蹖 乇丕 賴賲 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮賵丿 .
賳賲丕蹖卮 丕賱诏賵賴丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇賮乇賲 賴丕蹖 賴賳乇蹖
賳賴丕賲丕爻 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 卮乇丨 賵 亘蹖丕賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賱丕爻賮賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕讴鬲賮丕 賳讴乇丿賴 貙 丕賵 亘賴 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 賴賳乇賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘丕 鬲丕亘賱賵賴丕蹖 賳賯丕卮蹖 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 鬲丕 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賳丿 . 賳诏丕賴 乇蹖夭亘蹖賳 賵 丿賯蹖賯 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賳賯丕卮蹖 乇丕趩賳丿丕賳 賲賳丕爻亘 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕賳诏蹖夭賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
丕賵爻倬爻 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賵 乇賲丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 亘賴 趩乇丕蹖蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘倬乇丿丕夭賳丿 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 丕孬乇蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕賳賵丕毓 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕賳丿 賳賴 趩乇丕蹖蹖 丌賳 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 卮毓乇 乇丕 賴賲 趩賳丿丕賳 賲賳丕爻亘 亘蹖丕賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 貙 丕賵 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 賳賲丕蹖卮 賵 鬲卅丕鬲乇 乇丕 亘爻鬲乇蹖 賲賳丕爻亘 亘乇丕蹖 亘蹖丕賳 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 . 丕賵 賮蹖賱賲 鬲賱賲丕 賵 賱賵蹖蹖夭乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賳 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 爻倬爻 亘賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴賳乇 蹖丕 丌乇鬲 賳賵卮鬲賴 蹖丕爻賲蹖賳丕 乇囟丕 貙 賳賲丕蹖卮 賳丕賲賴 賳賵蹖爻 賲毓乇賵賮 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賵 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 亘乇鬲乇蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 乇丕 亘乇 丿蹖诏乇 賮乇賲 賴丕蹖 賴賳乇 丕孬亘丕鬲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 .
貙 诏乇趩賴 讴賴 賳賴丕賲丕爻 亘丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲孬丕賱 賴丕蹖蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 讴賵卮蹖丿賴 鬲丕 丕夭 爻禺鬲蹖 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲 讴賳丿 貙 丕賲丕 賮賱爻賮賴 蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘賴 賵蹖跇賴 亘禺卮蹖 讴賴 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 丕乇爻胤賵 賵 丌乇丕蹖 丕賵爻鬲 乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 讴鬲丕亘 爻禺鬲 禺賵丕賳蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 鬲丕 亘毓丿鈥屬囏й� 賮賱爻賮蹖貙 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 賵 毓丕胤賮蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴賳丿 . 丕賵 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 乇丕 亘賴 鬲兀賲賱 丿乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏й� 禺賵丿 丿毓賵鬲 讴乇丿賴 賵丕賵 乇丕 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 鬲丕 卮賳丕禺鬲 丿賯蹖賯 鬲乇蹖 丕夭 鬲兀孬蹖乇 毓賲蹖賯蹖 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥� 丕賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿 .
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘丕 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 賮乇丕賵丕賳 亘賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵丕跇賴 賴丕 賵 噩丕蹖诏丕賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 賮賱爻賮賴 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 貙 丕蹖賳 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 诏乇趩賴 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 爻禺鬲 讴乇丿賴 丕賲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 賳爻亘鬲丕 讴丕賲賱 丕夭 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲乇爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 亘乇丕蹖 蹖丕賮鬲賳 賲賮賴賵賲 賵 賲毓賳丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 丕乇爻胤賵 賵 鬲毓乇蹖賮 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 卮乇賵毓 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 丕賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賴 乇丕 亘賴 爻賴 丿爻鬲賴 : 乇丕亘胤賴 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賳蹖丕夭 貙 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賱匕鬲 賵 丕夭 乇賵蹖 讴賲丕賱 賵 賱匕鬲 鬲賯爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 乇丕亘胤賴 蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賲丨蹖胤 讴丕乇 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 丕夭 賳賵毓 乇丕亘胤賴 丕賵賱 貙 乇丕亘胤賴 毓卮賯蹖 丕夭 賳賵毓 丿賵賲 蹖毓賳蹖 賱匕鬲 丕爻鬲 丕乇爻胤賵 丕賲丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賮囟蹖賱鬲 乇丕 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 乇丕亘胤賴 賵 蹖丕 賴賲丕賳 禺蹖乇 讴丕賲賱 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
賮蹖賱蹖丕 貙 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 賵 賮蹖賱賵爻 :
亘禺卮 賲賴賲蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賮蹖賱蹖丕 賵 爻倬爻 賮蹖賱賵爻 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕乇丿 貙 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘乇丕蹖 卮乇丨 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 卮丕禺氐 丕乇爻胤賵 蹖毓賳蹖 丕禺賱丕賯 賳蹖讴賵賲丕禺賵爻蹖 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿賴 . 丕賵 丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 賮蹖賱蹖丕 丕卮丕乇賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賮蹖賱蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 丕氐賱 讴賱蹖丿蹖 丿乇 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕乇爻胤賵 亘爻胤 丿賴丿 . 丕賵 賮蹖賱蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 賲乇丕鬲亘 賲賴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖丕 毓賱丕賯賴 賵 氐賲蹖賲蹖鬲 亘賱讴賴 蹖讴 賳賵毓 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賲賴賲 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 讴賴 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 毓卮賯貙 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 賵 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 卮讴賱 诏乇賮鬲賴 賵 賳賯卮 賲賴賲蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 卮丕丿丕亘蹖 丕賵 丕蹖賮丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� . 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 賴賲 丕氐胤賱丕丨蹖 毓丕賲 賵 噩丕賲毓 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏爻鬲乇賴 賵爻蹖毓蹖 丕夭 丕賳賵丕毓 丨丕賱鬲 賴丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲 鬲丕 卮賵乇 丌鬲卮蹖賳 卮賴賵鬲 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮賵丿 蹖丕 亘賴 亘蹖丕賳 丿蹖诏乇 賴乇 趩賴 亘乇丕蹖賲丕賳 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 趩賴 讴賲 賵 趩賴 夭蹖丕丿 賮蹖賱爻蹖爻 乇丕 丿乇 賲丕 亘乇 賲蹖 丕賳诏蹖夭丿 . 賮蹖賱賵爻 賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 亘賴 賲乇丕鬲亘 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 毓丕卮賯 蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賵 卮乇丕蹖胤 賮蹖賱蹖丕 丿丕賳爻鬲 . 丕乇爻胤賵丕夭 賳馗乇蹖賴 爻禺鬲 禺賵丿 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴 诏蹖乇蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵 胤乇賮賴 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘賴 匕丕鬲 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 賵 丿丕卮鬲賳 賮囟丕蹖賱蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 卮丨丕毓鬲 貙 賲蹖丕賳賴 乇賵蹖 貙 氐丿丕賯鬲 賵 毓丿丕賱鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 貙 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 賮蹖賱蹖丕 亘乇賯乇丕乇 卮丿賴 貙 賮蹖賱蹖爻蹖爻 亘乇丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 丿賵 胤乇賮 賮蹖賱賵爻 賴賲 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿 .
丕賲丕 賳賴丕賲丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 爻禺鬲 丕乇爻胤賵 乇丕 乇丿 賲蹖 讴賳丿 貙 丕賵 亘丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 毓賲蹖賯 亘賵丿賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 蹖丕 賴賲丕賳 賮蹖賱蹖丕 貙 丌賳 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賲丨丿賵丿 賳賲蹖 讴賳丿 貙 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 乇囟蹖賱鬲 賴賲 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 倬丕蹖賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘丕卮丿 . 丕賵爻倬爻 賮賱爻賮賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賵 鬲賱丕卮 丕賵 亘乇丕蹖 诏賳噩丕賳丿賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 毓卮賯 亘賴 禺丿丕 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 爻倬爻 亘丕 倬卮鬲 爻乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賳 噩賴丕賳 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 賵丕乇丿 噩賴丕賳 賲丿乇賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿 .
賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賲賴賲 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賳賴丕賲丕爻 毓賯丕蹖丿 丕賵 乇丕 亘乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 貙 丕賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕夭 丨賵夭賴 毓賲賵賲蹖 亘賴 賯賱賲乇賵 禺氐賵氐蹖 亘乇丿 貙 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 賴蹖趩 乇亘胤蹖 亘賴 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 蹖丕 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲 賵 鬲賳賴丕 賵 鬲賳賴丕 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮丿 . 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賴蹖趩 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕賱诏賵 賳丿丕賳爻鬲賴 賵 賴乇 乇丕亘胤賴 賵 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 丌賳乇丕 賲賳丨氐乇 亘賴 賮乇丿 禺賵丕賳丿賴 . 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 趩賳丿丕賳 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 蹖丕賮鬲賳 倬丕爻禺 賵 蹖丕 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲 賵 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 賳亘賵丿賴 . 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 賴乇 倬丕爻禺蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賵丕賱 诏賳诏 賵 賳丕賯氐 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿 .
賳賴丕賲丕爻 丕蹖丿賴 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 乇丕 亘爻胤 丿丕丿賴 貙 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 丕賵 丕夭 丌賳 噩丕 讴賴 亘禺卮 賲賴賲蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳诏丕賴 亘賴 丌蹖賳丿賴 丿丕乇丿 賵 丌蹖賳丿賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳丕賲卮禺氐 丕爻鬲 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 倬丕爻禺 讴丕賲賱蹖 亘賴 爻賵丕賱 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖 趩蹖爻鬲 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丿丕丿 貙 趩賵賳 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿乇 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇賵卮賳 禺賵丕賴丿 卮丿 .
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘賴 賲賵賳鬲賳蹖 賵 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 丕賵 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕讴鬲賮丕 賳讴乇丿賴 賵 亘賴 丌乇丕蹖 丿蹖賵蹖丿 賴蹖賵賲 貙 丕賲丕賳賵卅賱 讴丕賳鬲 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 毓賯賱 诏乇丕蹖丕賳賴 賲亘鬲賳蹖 亘乇 毓賯賱 賵 賲蹖賱 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 乇賮丕賴 賵 丌丿丕賲 丕爻賲蹖鬲 ( 亘賴 毓賯蹖丿賴 丕爻賲蹖鬲 貙 丕賱賮鬲 賵 丿賱亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘乇 賴賲丿賱蹖 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 亘乇 卮丕賱賵丿賴 蹖 賴賲丿賱蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘賳丕 賲蹖 卮賵丿 ) 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲 賲賮氐賱 賳賴丕賲丕爻 丕蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖 跇丕讴 丿乇蹖丿丕 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲丿賱 賴丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘乇 倬丕蹖賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖鬲蹖 乇丕 賴賲 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖 卮賵丿 .
賳賲丕蹖卮 丕賱诏賵賴丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇賮乇賲 賴丕蹖 賴賳乇蹖
賳賴丕賲丕爻 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 卮乇丨 賵 亘蹖丕賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賱丕爻賮賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕讴鬲賮丕 賳讴乇丿賴 貙 丕賵 亘賴 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿乇 賴賳乇賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘丕 鬲丕亘賱賵賴丕蹖 賳賯丕卮蹖 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 鬲丕 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賳丿 . 賳诏丕賴 乇蹖夭亘蹖賳 賵 丿賯蹖賯 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賳賯丕卮蹖 乇丕趩賳丿丕賳 賲賳丕爻亘 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕賳诏蹖夭賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
丕賵爻倬爻 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賵 乇賲丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 亘賴 趩乇丕蹖蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘倬乇丿丕夭賳丿 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 丕孬乇蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕賳賵丕毓 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕賳丿 賳賴 趩乇丕蹖蹖 丌賳 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 卮毓乇 乇丕 賴賲 趩賳丿丕賳 賲賳丕爻亘 亘蹖丕賳 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 貙 丕賵 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 賳賲丕蹖卮 賵 鬲卅丕鬲乇 乇丕 亘爻鬲乇蹖 賲賳丕爻亘 亘乇丕蹖 亘蹖丕賳 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 . 丕賵 賮蹖賱賲 鬲賱賲丕 賵 賱賵蹖蹖夭乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賳 乇丕亘胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 爻倬爻 亘賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴賳乇 蹖丕 丌乇鬲 賳賵卮鬲賴 蹖丕爻賲蹖賳丕 乇囟丕 貙 賳賲丕蹖卮 賳丕賲賴 賳賵蹖爻 賲毓乇賵賮 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賵 丕蹖賳 诏賵賳賴 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 亘乇鬲乇蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 乇丕 亘乇 丿蹖诏乇 賮乇賲 賴丕蹖 賴賳乇 丕孬亘丕鬲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 .
貙 诏乇趩賴 讴賴 賳賴丕賲丕爻 亘丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲孬丕賱 賴丕蹖蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 讴賵卮蹖丿賴 鬲丕 丕夭 爻禺鬲蹖 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲 讴賳丿 貙 丕賲丕 賮賱爻賮賴 蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘賴 賵蹖跇賴 亘禺卮蹖 讴賴 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 丕乇爻胤賵 賵 丌乇丕蹖 丕賵爻鬲 乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 讴鬲丕亘 爻禺鬲 禺賵丕賳蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲 . 賳賴丕賲丕爻 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 鬲丕 亘毓丿鈥屬囏й� 賮賱爻賮蹖貙 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 賵 毓丕胤賮蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴賳丿 . 丕賵 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 乇丕 亘賴 鬲兀賲賱 丿乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏й� 禺賵丿 丿毓賵鬲 讴乇丿賴 賵丕賵 乇丕 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 鬲丕 卮賳丕禺鬲 丿賯蹖賯 鬲乇蹖 丕夭 鬲兀孬蹖乇 毓賲蹖賯蹖 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥� 丕賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿 .
November 5, 2023
毓蹖亘蹖 讴賴 讴鬲丕亘 丿丕卮鬲 賵 讴賲蹖 禺賵丕賳丿賳卮 乇丕 爻禺鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 丨丿賵丿 鄞郯 氐賮丨賴 鬲丨鬲 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖丕丿丿丕卮鬲鈥屬囏� 丌禺乇 讴鬲丕亘 丌賲丿賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 倬丕賳賵蹖爻鈥屬囏й屰� 賲卮乇賵丨 亘賵丿賳丿 賵 趩賴 亘賴鬲乇 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 倬丕賳賵蹖爻鈥屬囏� 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 氐賮丨丕鬲 禺賵丿卮丕賳 匕讴乇 賲蹖鈥屫簇嗀�. 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 丕诏乇 賯亘賱 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屰� 賴賳乇 蹖丕爻賲蹖賳丕 乇囟丕 乇丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿 蹖丕 丕噩乇丕蹖蹖 丕夭 丌賳 亘亘蹖賳蹖丿 賵 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 賮蹖賱賲 鬲賱賲丕 賵 賱賵卅蹖夭 乇蹖丿賱蹖 丕爻讴丕鬲 乇丕 亘亘蹖賳蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴鬲乇 亘丕卮丿.
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丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲
鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵爻鬲 讴賴 爻賯賮 丌爻賲丕賳 亘乇倬丕爻鬲
鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵爻鬲 讴賴 诏賱 爻乇禺 爻乇禺 丕爻鬲
賴賲賴鈥� 趩蹖夭 亘丕 鬲賵 倬乇卮讴賵賴鈥屫� 丕爻鬲
賵 诏賵蹖蹖 丕夭 噩賴丕賳蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕爻鬲. 乇丕賱賮 賵丕賱丿賵 丕賲乇爻賵賳. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄹 讴鬲丕亘
丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲賲丕賲 賮乇氐鬲鈥屬囏й� 毓胤丕 卮丿賴 亘賴 丕賳爻丕賳 賮丕賳蹖
賵 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲賲丕賲 爻乇賳賵卮鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲賯丿乇貙
鬲丕 夭賲丕賳蹖鈥� 讴賴 丿蹖賵丕乇賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 夭賳丿丕賳 賲乇丕 鬲賳诏 丿乇 亘乇 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�
丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 賲蹖丕賳 賲賳 賵 鬲賵 賮丕氐賱賴 丕賳丿丕夭丿貙
鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 亘賳丿 亘賳丿 賵噩賵丿賲 賳诏丕賴 禺賵丕賴賲 丿丕卮鬲貙
賳賴 亘丕 賱亘鈥屬囏й� 禺丕賲賵卮 賵 賳賴 亘丕 乇賵蹖 亘乇诏乇賮鬲賴
鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 禺賵丿 賳诏丕賴 禺賵丕賴賲 丿丕卮鬲貙 丿乇 禺蹖丕賱賲 鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 丌睾賵卮 賲蹖鈥屭┴促呚�
賴乇 賱丨馗賴 賵 賴乇 噩丕 倬蹖卮賲 禺賵丕賴蹖 亘賵丿. 賯丿蹖爻 倬賱蹖賳賵爻. 氐賮丨賴 鄢酃 讴鬲丕亘
丕蹖賳 賳賴 賮賯胤 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲丕賳 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 賴賲 亘賴鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 讴賴 賴乇 讴爻蹖 賳賯胤賴鈥� 囟毓賮鈥屬囏й屰� 丿丕乇丿 賵 亘丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 賳賯胤賴 囟毓賮鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丨鬲蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 倬賳賴丕賳 讴賳蹖賲鈥� 鬲丕 亘賴鈥� 丕蹖賳鈥� 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 乇丕 丕夭 賱胤賲賴 賲氐賵賳 亘丿丕乇蹖賲. 匕丕鬲 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 丌賳鈥� 胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 丕賳丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 亘丿丕賳 丌诏丕賴蹖賲 丨鬲蹖 賳夭丿 賳夭丿蹖讴鈥屫臂屬� 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 賳蹖夭 賳亘丕蹖丿 乇賵蹖 丿丕蹖乇賴 亘乇蹖夭蹖賲: 讴丕乇蹖 亘爻 賳丕诏賵丕乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 讴丕賳鬲. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄄鄄 讴鬲丕亘
孬賲乇賴鈥屰� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲賳 趩蹖夭蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 噩夭 賴蹖趩貙 蹖讴 丨爻 賵 丨丕賱貙 蹖讴 鬲讴鈥屫辟嗂� 丕爻鬲. 孬賲乇賴鈥屰� 賲賳 賲丕賳賳丿 賳賯丕卮蹖 丌賳 賳賯丕卮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賳蹖鈥屫ж池必ж︑屬� 乇丕 丿乇 丨丕賱 毓亘賵乇 丕夭 丿乇蹖丕蹖 爻乇禺 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫�. 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗賵乇 丕賵 鬲賲丕賲 丿蹖賵丕乇 乇丕 賯乇賲夭 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨卮 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘賳蹖鈥屫ж池必ж︑屬� 倬蹖卮鈥屫� 丕夭 丿乇蹖丕 诏匕丕卮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賲氐乇蹖丕賳 睾乇賯 卮丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 讴蹖鈥屰屫� 讴诏賵乇. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄣鄹 讴鬲丕亘
賴賲丕賳鈥� 胤賵乇 讴賴 賯賴乇賲丕賳 乇賲丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 爻蹖鬲蹖 亘賱賵蹖 鬲蹖賲 賱丕鬲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲. 讴丕乇蹖 乇丕 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫囒屫� 爻倬爻 丿賵亘丕乇賴 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕賳噩丕賲卮 賲蹖鈥屫囒� 賵 賯亘賱鈥� 丕夭 丌賳鈥� 讴賴 亘賮賴賲蹖貙 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賴爻鬲蹖貙 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃� 鬲氐賵乇 讴賳蹖 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 睾蹖乇 丕夭 丌賳 亘丕卮蹖禄. 鬲賳賴丕 毓卮賯 賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賯鬲蹖 賳丕诏賴丕賳 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴爻蹖 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖卮 賲賲讴賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 趩蹖夭蹖 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘卮賵丿. 氐賮丨賴 郾酃郯 讴鬲丕亘
讴丕乇賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 亘丕賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 趩賳丿丕賳 賲賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌賳 讴丕乇 乇丕 亘丕 賴賲 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 賵 賵賯鬲蹖鈥� 讴賴 亘丕 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭柏必з嗁嗀� 賴乇诏夭 鬲賱賮 賳卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丕爻鬲賳賱蹖 讴丕賵賱. 氐賮丨賴 鄄郯郯 讴鬲丕亘
鈥�
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丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 丕蹖 丿賵爻鬲
鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵爻鬲 讴賴 爻賯賮 丌爻賲丕賳 亘乇倬丕爻鬲
鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵爻鬲 讴賴 诏賱 爻乇禺 爻乇禺 丕爻鬲
賴賲賴鈥� 趩蹖夭 亘丕 鬲賵 倬乇卮讴賵賴鈥屫� 丕爻鬲
賵 诏賵蹖蹖 丕夭 噩賴丕賳蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕爻鬲. 乇丕賱賮 賵丕賱丿賵 丕賲乇爻賵賳. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄹 讴鬲丕亘
丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲賲丕賲 賮乇氐鬲鈥屬囏й� 毓胤丕 卮丿賴 亘賴 丕賳爻丕賳 賮丕賳蹖
賵 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲賲丕賲 爻乇賳賵卮鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲賯丿乇貙
鬲丕 夭賲丕賳蹖鈥� 讴賴 丿蹖賵丕乇賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 夭賳丿丕賳 賲乇丕 鬲賳诏 丿乇 亘乇 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�
丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 賲蹖丕賳 賲賳 賵 鬲賵 賮丕氐賱賴 丕賳丿丕夭丿貙
鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 亘賳丿 亘賳丿 賵噩賵丿賲 賳诏丕賴 禺賵丕賴賲 丿丕卮鬲貙
賳賴 亘丕 賱亘鈥屬囏й� 禺丕賲賵卮 賵 賳賴 亘丕 乇賵蹖 亘乇诏乇賮鬲賴
鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 禺賵丿 賳诏丕賴 禺賵丕賴賲 丿丕卮鬲貙 丿乇 禺蹖丕賱賲 鬲賵 乇丕 丿乇 丌睾賵卮 賲蹖鈥屭┴促呚�
賴乇 賱丨馗賴 賵 賴乇 噩丕 倬蹖卮賲 禺賵丕賴蹖 亘賵丿. 賯丿蹖爻 倬賱蹖賳賵爻. 氐賮丨賴 鄢酃 讴鬲丕亘
丕蹖賳 賳賴 賮賯胤 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲丕賳 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 賴賲 亘賴鬲乇 丕爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 讴賴 賴乇 讴爻蹖 賳賯胤賴鈥� 囟毓賮鈥屬囏й屰� 丿丕乇丿 賵 亘丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 賳賯胤賴 囟毓賮鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丨鬲蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 倬賳賴丕賳 讴賳蹖賲鈥� 鬲丕 亘賴鈥� 丕蹖賳鈥� 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 乇丕 丕夭 賱胤賲賴 賲氐賵賳 亘丿丕乇蹖賲. 匕丕鬲 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 丌賳鈥� 胤賵乇 讴賴 丿乇 丕賳丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 亘丿丕賳 丌诏丕賴蹖賲 丨鬲蹖 賳夭丿 賳夭丿蹖讴鈥屫臂屬� 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 賳蹖夭 賳亘丕蹖丿 乇賵蹖 丿丕蹖乇賴 亘乇蹖夭蹖賲: 讴丕乇蹖 亘爻 賳丕诏賵丕乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 讴丕賳鬲. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄄鄄 讴鬲丕亘
孬賲乇賴鈥屰� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲賳 趩蹖夭蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 噩夭 賴蹖趩貙 蹖讴 丨爻 賵 丨丕賱貙 蹖讴 鬲讴鈥屫辟嗂� 丕爻鬲. 孬賲乇賴鈥屰� 賲賳 賲丕賳賳丿 賳賯丕卮蹖 丌賳 賳賯丕卮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賳蹖鈥屫ж池必ж︑屬� 乇丕 丿乇 丨丕賱 毓亘賵乇 丕夭 丿乇蹖丕蹖 爻乇禺 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫�. 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗賵乇 丕賵 鬲賲丕賲 丿蹖賵丕乇 乇丕 賯乇賲夭 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨卮 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘賳蹖鈥屫ж池必ж︑屬� 倬蹖卮鈥屫� 丕夭 丿乇蹖丕 诏匕丕卮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賲氐乇蹖丕賳 睾乇賯 卮丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 讴蹖鈥屰屫� 讴诏賵乇. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄣鄹 讴鬲丕亘
賴賲丕賳鈥� 胤賵乇 讴賴 賯賴乇賲丕賳 乇賲丕賳 賵丕蹖鬲 爻蹖鬲蹖 亘賱賵蹖 鬲蹖賲 賱丕鬲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲. 讴丕乇蹖 乇丕 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫囒屫� 爻倬爻 丿賵亘丕乇賴 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕賳噩丕賲卮 賲蹖鈥屫囒� 賵 賯亘賱鈥� 丕夭 丌賳鈥� 讴賴 亘賮賴賲蹖貙 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賴爻鬲蹖貙 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃� 鬲氐賵乇 讴賳蹖 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 睾蹖乇 丕夭 丌賳 亘丕卮蹖禄. 鬲賳賴丕 毓卮賯 賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賯鬲蹖 賳丕诏賴丕賳 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴爻蹖 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖卮 賲賲讴賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 趩蹖夭蹖 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘卮賵丿. 氐賮丨賴 郾酃郯 讴鬲丕亘
讴丕乇賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 亘丕賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 趩賳丿丕賳 賲賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌賳 讴丕乇 乇丕 亘丕 賴賲 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 賵 賵賯鬲蹖鈥� 讴賴 亘丕 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭柏必з嗁嗀� 賴乇诏夭 鬲賱賮 賳卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丕爻鬲賳賱蹖 讴丕賵賱. 氐賮丨賴 鄄郯郯 讴鬲丕亘
鈥�
May 1, 2022
丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 賵賯鬲賴 禺蹖賱蹖 亘賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏� 賵 乇賵丕亘胤蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丌丿賲鈥屬囏� 丿丕乇賲貙 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必�. 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賵 卮乇賵毓 讴乇丿賲 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳馗賲 亘丿賴 亘賴 丕賮讴丕乇賲. 讴賴 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿 禺蹖賱蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴賲蹖賳鈥屭┴ж辟� 讴乇丿. 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賱亘蹖 丿丕乇賴 亘丕 丕乇噩丕毓 亘賴 賮蹖賱爻賵賮鈥屬囏� 賵 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲. 禺賵賳丿賳卮賵 賵丕賯毓丕 鬲賵氐蹖賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 亘丕 丕蹖賳鈥� 丨丕賱 賮讴乇 賳讴賳賲 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 賵丕賯毓丕 亘賮賴賲蹖賲 趩乇丕 丕賳爻丕賳 丕氐乇丕乇 丿丕乇賴 亘賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘丕 丿蹖诏乇丕賳. 氐乇賮丕 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬� 亘丕 鬲賮丕爻蹖乇 賵 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏� 丿賱丕蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖 乇賵 卮賳丕爻丕蹖蹖 讴賳蹖賲. 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 趩賳丿蹖賳 丿乇賵賳賲丕蹖賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕卮丕乇賴 讴乇丿賴.
May 11, 2016
This is one of those rare philosophy books that's approachable for philosophers and non-philosophers alike, is incredibly insightful, and (the really hard part for academics these days) a delight to read.
Nehamas has a deceptively light touch, but he's doing nothing less than taking down Aristotle and the prevailing Western interpretation of friendship from Classical Antiquity to the 21st century, using a handful of carefully-selected personal anecdotes and incisive readings of artistic works. His two-fold thesis 鈥� that we love the ineffable essence of our friends, not any discrete set of qualities or benefits they possess, and that this love has the power to shape both our friends and ourselves in our never-ending quest to learn and grow into our respective unique personas 鈥� feels both startlingly eye-opening and deeply, timelessly true.
And for the philosophy nerds: I especially loved how the last chapter was imbued with the spirit of Nietzsche 鈥� not the two-dimensional philosophy-101 Nietzsche of "God is dead" lore, but the light, playful, aesthetically-minded Nietzsche who reminds us that all drives (not only the will to power, or goodness, or even happiness) seek to be master, and to become (not be) who we are.
Nehamas has a deceptively light touch, but he's doing nothing less than taking down Aristotle and the prevailing Western interpretation of friendship from Classical Antiquity to the 21st century, using a handful of carefully-selected personal anecdotes and incisive readings of artistic works. His two-fold thesis 鈥� that we love the ineffable essence of our friends, not any discrete set of qualities or benefits they possess, and that this love has the power to shape both our friends and ourselves in our never-ending quest to learn and grow into our respective unique personas 鈥� feels both startlingly eye-opening and deeply, timelessly true.
And for the philosophy nerds: I especially loved how the last chapter was imbued with the spirit of Nietzsche 鈥� not the two-dimensional philosophy-101 Nietzsche of "God is dead" lore, but the light, playful, aesthetically-minded Nietzsche who reminds us that all drives (not only the will to power, or goodness, or even happiness) seek to be master, and to become (not be) who we are.
May 6, 2022
讴鬲丕亘 賮賱爻賮賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 蹖讴 丿賵爻鬲 賲噩丕夭蹖 讴賴 丕賮鬲禺丕乇 丿蹖丿丕乇卮 乇賵 賳丿丕卮鬲賲 丿乇 乇賵夭 鬲賵賱丿賲 亘賴賲 賴丿蹖賴 丿丕丿賴 卮丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 噩賴鬲 亘乇丕賲 丕乇夭卮 賲毓賳賵蹖 亘丕賱丕蹖蹖 丿丕乇賴.
讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賲 讴賴 丕夭 诏賮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 爻丕蹖乇 丕爻丕胤蹖乇貙 賲卮丕賴蹖乇貙 丌孬丕乇 賴賳乇蹖 (賳賯丕卮蹖貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴貙 卮毓乇) 賵 ... 亘乇丕蹖 卮乇丨 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵 讴丕賵蹖丿賳 賯賱亘 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賲蹖丕賳 丌丿賲鈥屬囏� 丿乇 丕蹖賳 卮蹖賵賴鈥屰� 丕乇鬲亘丕胤蹖 賵 毓卮賯 賵乇夭蹖丿賳貙 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 氐乇賮丕 賲鬲卮讴賱 丕夭 賳馗乇 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賳亘賵丿.
丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 卮讴賱 禺丕氐 賵 賴賲趩賳丕賳 賲亘賴賲 賽 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 爻丕蹖乇 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳賴 丌賳鈥屭嗁嗀з� 賲孬賱 毓卮賯 賵乇夭蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲毓卮賵賯 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 賵 爻乇卮丕乇 丕夭 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲賴 賵 賳賴 賲孬賱 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 賴賲讴丕乇 賵 乇卅蹖爻 賵 丕賲孬丕賱賴賲 賯乇丕乇丿丕丿蹖賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳噩丕 禺賱丕氐賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 - 禺賵丿卮 亘賴 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 - 卮丕賲賱 丿爻鬲賴鈥屫ㄙ嗀屸€屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 卮賳丕禺鬲賴鈥屫簇団€屫臂屬� 賽丕賵賳鈥屬囏ж� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賽丕亘夭丕乇蹖賴: 賵賯鬲蹖 氐乇賮丕 讴爻蹖 乇賵 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺丿賲丕鬲蹖 讴賴 亘賴賲賵賳 丕乇丕卅賴 賲蹖鈥屫� 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 亘丕賴丕卮 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤蹖賲. 賵賯鬲蹖 丕乇丕卅賴 禺丿賲鬲 賯胤毓 亘卮賴貙 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賴賲 亘賴 倬丕蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫必迟囏� 亘蹖鈥屫嘿� 賵 睾氐賴.
丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕賵賳 賳賵毓蹖賴 讴賴 賳賲蹖鬲賵賳蹖 丿賱蹖賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖鬲 賵 毓卮賯鬲 亘賴 蹖讴 賳賮乇 禺丕氐 乇賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 亘丿蹖. 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 丿賵爻鬲蹖 - 讴賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 賵 诏賮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 丕乇爻胤賵 丕夭卮 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫促�- 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖鈥屫促� 丿賵爻鬲鬲 乇賵 禺賵丿賽 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫й� 賮乇囟 讴賳蹖 賵 賴乇 丌賳趩賴 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿鬲 丕夭 禺賵亘蹖鈥屬囏� 賵 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫堌й屫� 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵 賴賲 亘禺賵丕蹖.
丕賱亘鬲賴貙 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賴丕 賲賳卮丕 禺蹖乇 賵 賳蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲賳. 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賴賲賵賳 丕胤賲蹖賳丕賳 禺丕胤乇 讴丕賲賱 亘丿賳 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬� 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 賮乇丿 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫й� 賴賲賵賳鈥屬傌� 亘蹖鈥屬矩辟堌� 賵 毓乇蹖丕賳 亘丕卮蹖賲 讴賴 亘丕 禺賵丿賲賵賳.
丿賵爻鬲蹖 亘丕毓孬 乇卮丿 蹖丕 噩賱賵賴 丿丕丿賳 亘禺卮鈥屬囏й� 禺丕氐蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 亘賴賲賵賳 讴賲讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 鬲亘丿蹖賱 亘賴 丌丿賲 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫й� 亘卮蹖賲. 趩乇丕 讴賴 賴乇 丌丿賲蹖 丕夭 亘丿賵 鬲賵賱丿 爻乇卮鬲 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕夭鈥屬聚屫粹€� 鬲毓蹖蹖賳鈥屫簇団€屫й� 賳丿丕乇賴. 毓賵丕賲賱 賲鬲毓丿丿蹖 丿爻鬲 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫� 鬲丕 賴賵蹖鬲 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲 蹖讴 賮乇丿 乇賵 丿乇 亘爻鬲乇 夭賲丕賳 卮讴賱 亘丿賳 / 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 亘丿賳. 丿賵爻鬲蹖 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳鈥屬囏ж池�. 倬爻貙 丿賵爻鬲鬲 乇賵 賳卮賵賳賲 亘丿賴 鬲丕 亘诏賲 讴蹖 賴爻鬲蹖!
丕賳鬲賯丕丿賲 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 - 丕夭 丿蹖丿 卮禺氐蹖 禺賵丿賲 - 亘賴 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲讴乇乇丕鬲 亘乇賲蹖鈥屭必�. 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲孬丕賱貙 賲賵囟賵毓蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賮氐賱 丕賵賱 亘賴卮 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 丿丕禺賱 賴賲賵賳 賮氐賱 亘賴 亘蹖丕賳 丿蹖诏賴 賵 亘丕 噩賲賱丕鬲 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫й� 賲噩丿丿丕賸 丌賵乇丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賵 丿乇 蹖讴蹖 丿賵 賮氐賱 丿蹖诏賴 賴賲蹖賳 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 乇禺 賲蹖丿賴. 賴賲趩賳蹖賳貙 蹖讴 賲賵囟賵毓 丿乇 蹖讴 賮氐賱 丕賵賳鈥屬傌� 讴卮 丿丕丿賴 卮丿賴 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 乇賮鬲賳 亘賴 毓賲賯 賮賯胤 禺爻鬲賴鈥屫� 卮丿賲. 丕蹖賳 乇賵丕賱 乇賲賯 賲賳 乇賵 賲賵賯毓 禺賵賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖 诏乇賮鬲.
April 29, 2022
丕賲丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賮丕蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇丿. 丿賵爻鬲蹖 毓卮賯蹖 乇丕 丿乇 丿賱 賲蹖 丕賮乇賵夭丿 讴賴 亘賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 丌丿賲蹖 乇賳诏 賵 毓賲賯 賲蹖 丿賴丿貨 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 乇丕 賲賵噩亘 賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴賴 丨氐丕乇賴丕蹖 禺賵丿禺賵丕賴蹖 乇丕 賮乇賵 賲蹖 乇蹖夭丿貨 賵賯鬲蹖 亘賴 丿乇丿爻乇 賲蹖 丕賮鬲蹖賲 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 賲胤賲蹖賳 賵 丨乇蹖賲蹖 丕賲賳 亘乇丕蹖賲丕賳 賲賴蹖丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿貨 鬲爻賱丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 亘乇丕蹖 賲氐丕卅亘 賲丕賳貙 爻賳诏 氐亘賵乇蹖 亘乇丕蹖 乇丕夭賴丕蹖賲丕賳貙 賵 丕賳诏蹖夭賴 丕蹖 亘乇丕蹖 噩丿 賵 噩賴丿賴丕蹖賲丕賳. 賴賲賴 蹖 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮 賴丕 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲鈥�
丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 賴賲趩賵賳 丿蹖诏乇 诏賵賳賴 賴丕蹖 毓卮賯貙 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丕 賲賵噩亘 乇賳噩 賵 爻蹖賴 乇賵夭蹖 賴賲 亘卮賵丿- 丕夭 丿乇丿 亘蹖 倬蹖乇 毓賱蹖 丕賱丿賵丕賲 鬲乇讴 卮丿賳 诏乇賮鬲賴 鬲丕 夭禺賲 毓賲蹖賯 禺蹖丕賳鬲 蹖丕 賲禺賲氐賴 賴丕蹖 毓匕丕亘 丌賵乇 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖鈥�
丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賴 賴賲賴 噩賴丕賳 丕賲丕 趩賳丿 鬲賳 乇丕 賴賲 亘爻鬲賴 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 鬲賳 亘賴 賵丕爻胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 卮丕賳 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳賳丿 亘賴 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 亘诏賵蹖賳丿 芦 鬲賵 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 趩賵賳 鬲賵 鬲賵蹖蹖貙 趩賵賳 賲賳 賲賳賲禄. 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵丕丿丕乇賳丕賲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 亘倬乇爻蹖賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 賲賳 讴丿丕賲 賵 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲蹖責
丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 賴賲趩賵賳 丿蹖诏乇 诏賵賳賴 賴丕蹖 毓卮賯貙 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丕 賲賵噩亘 乇賳噩 賵 爻蹖賴 乇賵夭蹖 賴賲 亘卮賵丿- 丕夭 丿乇丿 亘蹖 倬蹖乇 毓賱蹖 丕賱丿賵丕賲 鬲乇讴 卮丿賳 诏乇賮鬲賴 鬲丕 夭禺賲 毓賲蹖賯 禺蹖丕賳鬲 蹖丕 賲禺賲氐賴 賴丕蹖 毓匕丕亘 丌賵乇 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖鈥�
丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賴 賴賲賴 噩賴丕賳 丕賲丕 趩賳丿 鬲賳 乇丕 賴賲 亘爻鬲賴 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 鬲賳 亘賴 賵丕爻胤賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 卮丕賳 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳賳丿 亘賴 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 亘诏賵蹖賳丿 芦 鬲賵 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 趩賵賳 鬲賵 鬲賵蹖蹖貙 趩賵賳 賲賳 賲賳賲禄. 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵丕丿丕乇賳丕賲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 亘倬乇爻蹖賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 賲賳 讴丿丕賲 賵 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲蹖責
August 10, 2023
禺賵賳丿賳卮 鬲噩乇亘賴 蹖 禺賵亘蹖 亘賵丿. 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘賴 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 蹖讴 亘丕乇 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭賴 賵 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖讴賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 禺爻鬲賴 讴賳賳丿賴 亘丕卮賴 賵賱蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 讴賴 賲胤丕賱亘 乇賵 夭賵丿 賮乇丕賲賵卮 賲蹖讴賳賲 丕蹖賳 鬲讴乇丕乇貙 讴賲讴 讴賳賳丿賴 賵 禺賵亘 亘賵丿. 亘賴 鬲賲丕賲 爻賵丕賱丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丿蹖丿賳 毓賳賵丕賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇丕賲 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 丕賵賲丿 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 卮丿. 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿卮 賲蹖讴賳賲.
November 22, 2017
Nehamas deserves credit for writing as well as he does on so many different philosophers and subjects, which is a rare thing among academic philosophers, but this book isn't about friendship.
This book is actually about how 'aesthetic' theories of life that move beyond morality, especially Aristotle's type of morality, better explain this subjective love called 'friendship.'
Nehamas hopes to take down Aristotle and larger the tradition that sees friendship as which Aristotle represents. This larger tradition is practically all of Greco-Roman philosophy. Big task.
To this end, Nehemas relies on Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne. The Montaigne famous for his inability to describe why he loved his friend: "If you press me to say why I loved him, I can say no more than because he was he, and I was I."
Nehemas argues that Montaigne's unwillingness to explain his love is good, it is actual the truest expression of love. Because, after all, all explanations of why we love something will always be unsatisfactory in the most complete sense.
I'm not convinced by this, perhaps because I lack the mystic inclination to see language as a prison from which we must escape in order to know the true Platonic forms of things, such as friendship. Why say, as Nehemas does, that a love like friendship is impossible to truly describe, but still go on to describe it anyway?
And so only the vigor, strength, and clarity of Nehemas's prose kept me reading as he strayed from what friendship is in practice into what art means in theory.
I have no interest in learning how to see my friends as art, only to then discover that neither art nor friendship are moral, but simply amoral. I intend to learn how to lead a good life with my friends, for my own sake, and for theirs.
Finally, what baffled me the most about Nehemas's work was he thinks we can ignore the love lives and friendships of philosophers when discussing their practical views on love and friendship.
I think Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne's love lives and friendships were something we should think about when we read their advice on love and friendship. And from what I've read about these men, by their own hand or others, they were abnormally individualistic, moody, and suspicious people. This matters.
But it doesn't mean we should ignore their views either. If you, like me, think what matters more are your actual friendships and social relationships, rather than your words and thoughts about them, then we must notice and seriously consider what the socially suspicious side of Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne means when we read them on love and friendship.
At the end of the day, I guess I just think an overpowering hermenetuics of suspicion is the wrong way to approach friendship if we actually want to say something constructive about friendship, or actually become a better friend. Suspicion is great, but unless counterbalanced with a hermeneutics of respect, you just end up a misanthrope with few good friends. Plato more or less say this himself.
To paraphrase part of Plato's Phaedo:
SOCRATES: We must not become haters of reason as people become haters of humanity. There is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse. A hatred of reason and a hatred of humanity arise in the same way.
A hatred of humanity comes when someone without knowledge or skill has placed great trust in someone else and believes him to be altogether truthful, sound and trustworthy.
Then a short time afterwards, they find him to be wicked and unreliable. Then this happens in another case. When this happens enough, especially with those you believed to be close friends, then in the end, after many such blows, people come to hate all humanity and to believe that no one is sound in any way at all.
Such a hatred of humanity comes most easily to those that have little experience and skill in social relationships. For great experience would lead one to believe -what is in fact true- that the very good and the very wicked are both quite rare, and that most people are between these two extremes
In conclusion, I am not convinced by much of what Nehemas says about friendship, though he does have many interesting things to say, particularly about art theory. For me at least, we can't ignore someone's conduct when we read them on the subject of friendship. Relying so heavily on Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne strikes me as mistaken. But a reader who, like Nehemas, is comfortable approving of or idealizing their social lives and relationships will likely disagree with me. And I have no rancor for such a reader, read whatever best suits your own growth as a friend and person. This work of Nehemas's just doesn't suit mine.
If I sound too uncharitable or suspicious myself, it's because I think this book just isn't about the everyday practice of becoming a better friend, or the lived experience of the social relationship. Nehemas' book is a kind of skeptical art theory repackaged as a book about friendship.
This book is actually about how 'aesthetic' theories of life that move beyond morality, especially Aristotle's type of morality, better explain this subjective love called 'friendship.'
Nehamas hopes to take down Aristotle and larger the tradition that sees friendship as which Aristotle represents. This larger tradition is practically all of Greco-Roman philosophy. Big task.
To this end, Nehemas relies on Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne. The Montaigne famous for his inability to describe why he loved his friend: "If you press me to say why I loved him, I can say no more than because he was he, and I was I."
Nehemas argues that Montaigne's unwillingness to explain his love is good, it is actual the truest expression of love. Because, after all, all explanations of why we love something will always be unsatisfactory in the most complete sense.
I'm not convinced by this, perhaps because I lack the mystic inclination to see language as a prison from which we must escape in order to know the true Platonic forms of things, such as friendship. Why say, as Nehemas does, that a love like friendship is impossible to truly describe, but still go on to describe it anyway?
And so only the vigor, strength, and clarity of Nehemas's prose kept me reading as he strayed from what friendship is in practice into what art means in theory.
I have no interest in learning how to see my friends as art, only to then discover that neither art nor friendship are moral, but simply amoral. I intend to learn how to lead a good life with my friends, for my own sake, and for theirs.
Finally, what baffled me the most about Nehemas's work was he thinks we can ignore the love lives and friendships of philosophers when discussing their practical views on love and friendship.
I think Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne's love lives and friendships were something we should think about when we read their advice on love and friendship. And from what I've read about these men, by their own hand or others, they were abnormally individualistic, moody, and suspicious people. This matters.
But it doesn't mean we should ignore their views either. If you, like me, think what matters more are your actual friendships and social relationships, rather than your words and thoughts about them, then we must notice and seriously consider what the socially suspicious side of Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne means when we read them on love and friendship.
At the end of the day, I guess I just think an overpowering hermenetuics of suspicion is the wrong way to approach friendship if we actually want to say something constructive about friendship, or actually become a better friend. Suspicion is great, but unless counterbalanced with a hermeneutics of respect, you just end up a misanthrope with few good friends. Plato more or less say this himself.
To paraphrase part of Plato's Phaedo:
SOCRATES: We must not become haters of reason as people become haters of humanity. There is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse. A hatred of reason and a hatred of humanity arise in the same way.
A hatred of humanity comes when someone without knowledge or skill has placed great trust in someone else and believes him to be altogether truthful, sound and trustworthy.
Then a short time afterwards, they find him to be wicked and unreliable. Then this happens in another case. When this happens enough, especially with those you believed to be close friends, then in the end, after many such blows, people come to hate all humanity and to believe that no one is sound in any way at all.
Such a hatred of humanity comes most easily to those that have little experience and skill in social relationships. For great experience would lead one to believe -what is in fact true- that the very good and the very wicked are both quite rare, and that most people are between these two extremes
In conclusion, I am not convinced by much of what Nehemas says about friendship, though he does have many interesting things to say, particularly about art theory. For me at least, we can't ignore someone's conduct when we read them on the subject of friendship. Relying so heavily on Nietzche, Foucault, and Montaigne strikes me as mistaken. But a reader who, like Nehemas, is comfortable approving of or idealizing their social lives and relationships will likely disagree with me. And I have no rancor for such a reader, read whatever best suits your own growth as a friend and person. This work of Nehemas's just doesn't suit mine.
If I sound too uncharitable or suspicious myself, it's because I think this book just isn't about the everyday practice of becoming a better friend, or the lived experience of the social relationship. Nehemas' book is a kind of skeptical art theory repackaged as a book about friendship.
February 8, 2022
This is a lovely read. It doesn't say anything new or particularly insightful, but it articulates important truths in vivid and powerful ways. Moreover, it is highly readable; it's not like an academic book, but reads as smoothly as a popular article. These truths include ideals we ought to strive towards in our friendships and perspectives for evaluating and navigating our friendships. As a whole I appreciate that a philosopher focuses on friendship and makes explicit its very special character. Friendship is underrated. So much hype is placed on romantic relationships. But friendships can perform all the same roles in our lives that we most cherish and desire that are typically thought of as distinctive of romantic relationships. Nehemas nicely shows this.
The main point Nehemas covers is the relationship between friendship and treating people as ends in themselves. When we relate to each other as friends, this essentially allows us to behold each other as individuals: we are each irreplaceable and unique, and we are loved for our individuality. So friendship is necessarily partial; this should not be seen as ethically wrong in itself, but in fact we desire and need to be recognized for our individuality, and doing this is ethically good in its own way.
(Nehemas doesn't explore this point in much detail; but I'm thinking that perhaps it's important to treat all people equally when it comes to general moral behavior, like recognizing human rights. But the dictum of equality doesn't itself say anything about how we should perceive and relate to people. Friendship does. It is incompatible with treating people instrumentally; and while it'd be ideal to be able to see every person as a beloved end in his/herself as it happens in friendship, this is impossible given our practical limitations).
Nehemas also covers that friends see certain features in each other and facilitate each other to develop in ways as to more fully realize those features. This can be ethically good or bad; friends can be bad influences, or they can liberate us in ethically good ways. We can't predict this fully beforehand, so friendship always comes with a risk.
Another point Nehemas discusses is how we relate to people in friendship may be usefully understood in analogy with how we relate to artworks. In both, we are partial; not all people resonate with us, and not all art does either. We love and admire friends, as we do with our favorite artworks. Friends and artworks both also transform our lives.
My favorite parts of this book might've been Nehemas's analyses of his favorite artworks which speak to friendship (e.g., Yasmina Reza鈥檚 play "Art," Thelma and Louise). He illustrates these commonsense points above by examining details in these narratives; this was especially interesting because understanding the characters in these narratives gives a deeper understanding of these commonsense points that could perhaps never be conveyed by theoretical argument and description alone. I wish more ethics-related philosophy books treated literature and art; it is powerful.
Some random thoughts reading this book helped spur: I liked thinking about the analogy Nehamas drew between our relationship to friends and our relationship to artworks. Nehamas discusses how some "friendships" might be more instrumental; we hang out with someone, for example, because they are cheerful and often make us feel happy. But if they stopped making us feel happy, we'd stop engaging with them. I realize that often my relationship with artwork can be instrumental in this way; I will listen to music and read novels that more instantaneously put me in desirable moods or states. I can contrast this with a relationship I know some of my friends have with art: they will put in so much work and effort to engage with very complex pieces, and go into it with faith that they'll ultimately be changed in some meaningful way in the process. That attitude seems analogous to having a non-instrumental, genuine friendship with someone. I'd like to import my attitude towards my closest friends into the domain of my engagement with art.
The main point Nehemas covers is the relationship between friendship and treating people as ends in themselves. When we relate to each other as friends, this essentially allows us to behold each other as individuals: we are each irreplaceable and unique, and we are loved for our individuality. So friendship is necessarily partial; this should not be seen as ethically wrong in itself, but in fact we desire and need to be recognized for our individuality, and doing this is ethically good in its own way.
(Nehemas doesn't explore this point in much detail; but I'm thinking that perhaps it's important to treat all people equally when it comes to general moral behavior, like recognizing human rights. But the dictum of equality doesn't itself say anything about how we should perceive and relate to people. Friendship does. It is incompatible with treating people instrumentally; and while it'd be ideal to be able to see every person as a beloved end in his/herself as it happens in friendship, this is impossible given our practical limitations).
Nehemas also covers that friends see certain features in each other and facilitate each other to develop in ways as to more fully realize those features. This can be ethically good or bad; friends can be bad influences, or they can liberate us in ethically good ways. We can't predict this fully beforehand, so friendship always comes with a risk.
Another point Nehemas discusses is how we relate to people in friendship may be usefully understood in analogy with how we relate to artworks. In both, we are partial; not all people resonate with us, and not all art does either. We love and admire friends, as we do with our favorite artworks. Friends and artworks both also transform our lives.
My favorite parts of this book might've been Nehemas's analyses of his favorite artworks which speak to friendship (e.g., Yasmina Reza鈥檚 play "Art," Thelma and Louise). He illustrates these commonsense points above by examining details in these narratives; this was especially interesting because understanding the characters in these narratives gives a deeper understanding of these commonsense points that could perhaps never be conveyed by theoretical argument and description alone. I wish more ethics-related philosophy books treated literature and art; it is powerful.
Some random thoughts reading this book helped spur: I liked thinking about the analogy Nehamas drew between our relationship to friends and our relationship to artworks. Nehamas discusses how some "friendships" might be more instrumental; we hang out with someone, for example, because they are cheerful and often make us feel happy. But if they stopped making us feel happy, we'd stop engaging with them. I realize that often my relationship with artwork can be instrumental in this way; I will listen to music and read novels that more instantaneously put me in desirable moods or states. I can contrast this with a relationship I know some of my friends have with art: they will put in so much work and effort to engage with very complex pieces, and go into it with faith that they'll ultimately be changed in some meaningful way in the process. That attitude seems analogous to having a non-instrumental, genuine friendship with someone. I'd like to import my attitude towards my closest friends into the domain of my engagement with art.
August 26, 2021
丿賵爻鬲蹖 賳賴 賴賲賴 蹖 噩賴丕賳 丕賲丕 趩賳丿 鬲賳 乇丕 賴賲 亘爻鬲賴 蹖 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 鬲賳 亘賴 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 蹖 丿賵爻鬲蹖 卮丕賳 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿丿 亘賴 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 亘诏賵蹖賳丿 :芦鬲賵乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 趩賵賳 鬲賵 鬲賵蹖蹖貙趩賵賳 賲賳 賲賳賲.禄
丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵丕丿丕乇賲丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 亘倬乇爻蹖賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 賲賳 讴丿丕賲 賵 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲蹖 責
丕賲丕 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵丕丿丕乇賲丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 亘倬乇爻蹖賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 賲賳 讴丿丕賲 賵 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲蹖 責
September 11, 2021
蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘貙 卮蹖乇蹖賳 賵 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 丿蹖诏乇 丕夭 賳卮乇 禺賵亘 诏賲丕賳. 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴貙 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏� 丕诏乇鈥� 毓賳賵丕賳 賵鈥� 賲賵囟賵毓卮 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賴 賵 丿睾丿睾賴鈥屫堎� 丕爻鬲貙 丨鬲賲丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿貙 囟乇乇 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屫�. 丕诏乇 亘賴 賲賯賵賱賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賵
賲胤丕賱毓賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 毓賱丕賯賴 丿丕乇蹖丿貙 丨鬲賲丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賱匕鬲 禺賵丕賴蹖丿 亘乇丿. 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賯蹖賯 賵 噩丕賱亘賴. 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賮賱爻賮賴 賲乇诏貙 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 噩匕丕亘鈥屫臂屬� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賴爻鬲賳丿.
賲胤丕賱毓賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 毓賱丕賯賴 丿丕乇蹖丿貙 丨鬲賲丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賱匕鬲 禺賵丕賴蹖丿 亘乇丿. 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賯蹖賯 賵 噩丕賱亘賴. 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賮賱爻賮賴 賲乇诏貙 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 噩匕丕亘鈥屫臂屬� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賴爻鬲賳丿.
December 13, 2024
A very interesting discussion on friendship. Personally found it a little hard to follow at times, as I lacked a lot of the knowledge you鈥檙e expected to already have.
May 25, 2020
A dry read. Not quite as described. Sections were insightful.
February 3, 2024
讴鬲丕亘 爻丕丿賴 賵 亘丿賵賳 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖鈥屫й� 亘賵丿.
丿乇賵丕賯毓 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 趩蹖夭 噩丿蹖丿蹖 亘賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲丕 丿乇 亘丕亘 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕囟丕賮賴 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.丨乇賮 毓賲蹖賯 賵 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屫й� 賴賲 賳賲蹖夭賳賴.丕賲丕 賯卮賳诏 丨乇賮 賲蹖夭賳賴.
卮丕蹖丿 賳賯胤賴鈥屰� 賯賵鬲 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴鈥屫� 丕夭 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘丕卮賴 讴賴 丿乇 毓蹖賳 爻丕丿诏蹖貙亘賴 噩賱賵 乇賮鬲賳 亘丨孬 賵 丿乇讴卮 讴賲讴 賲蹖讴賳賴.
丿乇 賴蹖趩 亘禺卮蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賱丕卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 毓賲蹖賯 亘卮賴.丕诏賴 丕夭 丕乇爻胤賵 賲蹖诏賴 爻毓蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 亘丕卮賴 賵 亘毓丿卮 賴賲 禺蹖賱蹖 趩丕賱卮蹖 亘丕 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 亘乇禺賵乇丿 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 賲蹖诏賴 亘賴" 诏賲丕賳 賲賳 丕蹖賳诏賵賳賴 賳蹖爻鬲" 賵 乇丿 賲蹖卮賴.
亘丿蹖毓 鬲乇蹖賳 亘禺卮 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丕賵賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賳乇 乇賵 亘丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲賯丕蹖爻賴 賲蹖讴賳賴.賲禺氐賵氐丕 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賳賯丕卮蹖 乇賵 賵 亘毓丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴賳乇.賴乇趩賳丿 讴賴 丕賵賳賯丿乇 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵 鬲卮乇蹖丨 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴賳乇 賵賯鬲 賲蹖匕丕乇賴(讴賴 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賵丕賯毓丕 賱匕鬲鈥屫ㄘ促�) 丕夭卮 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴鈥屰� 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屫й� 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 爻乇蹖毓 噩賲毓鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 丕夭卮 賲蹖诏匕乇賴.
丨鬲蹖 丕賵賳 賲孬丕賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲丿乇爻賴 讴賴 丿乇 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕賵賲丿賴 賴賲 丕賵賳賯丿 亘毓丿丕 亘賴卮 丕卮丕乇賴 賳賲蹖卮賴.
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丕賲丕 賮丕蹖丿賴鈥屰� 禺賵賳丿賳卮 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 爻丕丿诏蹖 夭亘丕賳卮 讴賲讴 賲蹖讴賳賴 賲丿丕賲 匕賴賳 倬乇賵丕夭 讴賳賴 賵 丿乇賲賵乇丿 禺賵丿賲賵賳 賵 丿賵爻鬲鈥屬囏з呝堎� 賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏з呝堎� 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 噩丿蹖丿 亘丿爻鬲 亘蹖丕乇賴 賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 亘丿賴.賲蹖卮賴 賴賲 丌乇丕亍 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 乇賵 丕乇夭蹖丕亘蹖 讴乇丿 賴賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏ж辟�.
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禺賵賳丿賳卮 噩匕丕亘賴.丕賱亘鬲賴 賲賳 丕蹖賳 乇賵夭丕 鬲賵 爻乇賲 禺蹖賱蹖 卮賱賵睾 倬賱賵睾賴 蹖讴賲 丕匕蹖鬲 卮丿賲 賵賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕丨鬲蹖賴 賵 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賲賮蹖丿賴
丿乇賵丕賯毓 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 趩蹖夭 噩丿蹖丿蹖 亘賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲丕 丿乇 亘丕亘 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕囟丕賮賴 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.丨乇賮 毓賲蹖賯 賵 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屫й� 賴賲 賳賲蹖夭賳賴.丕賲丕 賯卮賳诏 丨乇賮 賲蹖夭賳賴.
卮丕蹖丿 賳賯胤賴鈥屰� 賯賵鬲 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴鈥屫� 丕夭 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘丕卮賴 讴賴 丿乇 毓蹖賳 爻丕丿诏蹖貙亘賴 噩賱賵 乇賮鬲賳 亘丨孬 賵 丿乇讴卮 讴賲讴 賲蹖讴賳賴.
丿乇 賴蹖趩 亘禺卮蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賱丕卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 毓賲蹖賯 亘卮賴.丕诏賴 丕夭 丕乇爻胤賵 賲蹖诏賴 爻毓蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 亘丕卮賴 賵 亘毓丿卮 賴賲 禺蹖賱蹖 趩丕賱卮蹖 亘丕 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 亘乇禺賵乇丿 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 賲蹖诏賴 亘賴" 诏賲丕賳 賲賳 丕蹖賳诏賵賳賴 賳蹖爻鬲" 賵 乇丿 賲蹖卮賴.
亘丿蹖毓 鬲乇蹖賳 亘禺卮 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丕賵賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賳乇 乇賵 亘丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲賯丕蹖爻賴 賲蹖讴賳賴.賲禺氐賵氐丕 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賳賯丕卮蹖 乇賵 賵 亘毓丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴賳乇.賴乇趩賳丿 讴賴 丕賵賳賯丿乇 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵 鬲卮乇蹖丨 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴賳乇 賵賯鬲 賲蹖匕丕乇賴(讴賴 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賵丕賯毓丕 賱匕鬲鈥屫ㄘ促�) 丕夭卮 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴鈥屰� 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屫й� 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 爻乇蹖毓 噩賲毓鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 丕夭卮 賲蹖诏匕乇賴.
丨鬲蹖 丕賵賳 賲孬丕賱 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲丿乇爻賴 讴賴 丿乇 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕賵賲丿賴 賴賲 丕賵賳賯丿 亘毓丿丕 亘賴卮 丕卮丕乇賴 賳賲蹖卮賴.
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丕賲丕 賮丕蹖丿賴鈥屰� 禺賵賳丿賳卮 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 爻丕丿诏蹖 夭亘丕賳卮 讴賲讴 賲蹖讴賳賴 賲丿丕賲 匕賴賳 倬乇賵丕夭 讴賳賴 賵 丿乇賲賵乇丿 禺賵丿賲賵賳 賵 丿賵爻鬲鈥屬囏з呝堎� 賵 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏з呝堎� 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 噩丿蹖丿 亘丿爻鬲 亘蹖丕乇賴 賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 亘丿賴.賲蹖卮賴 賴賲 丌乇丕亍 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 乇賵 丕乇夭蹖丕亘蹖 讴乇丿 賴賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖鈥屬囏ж辟�.
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禺賵賳丿賳卮 噩匕丕亘賴.丕賱亘鬲賴 賲賳 丕蹖賳 乇賵夭丕 鬲賵 爻乇賲 禺蹖賱蹖 卮賱賵睾 倬賱賵睾賴 蹖讴賲 丕匕蹖鬲 卮丿賲 賵賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕丨鬲蹖賴 賵 禺賵賳丿賳卮 賲賮蹖丿賴
September 21, 2020
I鈥檝e had never considered all those things that a friendship is surrounded by. Even the tiniest difference makes every friendship one of its kind. This book is a beautiful journey -from Aristotle up to this date- in which the author places friendships and works of art in a same level, allowing the reader to understand the magic, happiness and love that they both bring to our lives.
June 21, 2017
A book that begs for a second and third read.
Lovely.
Lovely.
Read
July 25, 2023On the whole, I enjoyed this read: the subject is obviously one of my favorites and the book had some memorable passages. I liked the tangents taking us through various works of art and literature (even if I took issue with his blurring of male love/friendship) and the breadth of the examples given is quite impressive. I think it might have been better suited to an essay or talk, however, as it was a bit repetitive without packing any punches - it felt more like I was listening to a very well-educated person explore an interesting topic, but I鈥檓 not sure what specific conclusions or new insights I am left with.
September 4, 2018
He was easy to read and made the philosophy easy to understand. The chapter on why we love our friends cut right through me. I loved that! The remaining two chapters were a bit of a disappointment after that. I had hoped to read more about why friendships fall apart. The example he used was right on the head except, the friendship seemed to continue, which seemed to not be the point of the chapter. The first part of the book and most of the second part were fantastic.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
June 20, 2016
Princeton professor Alexander Nehamas gives perhaps the finest synopsis of the philosophical foundations of friendship that has ever been published. Beginning with Aristotle, Nehamas takes us on a chronological journey through the philosophical examinations of the various forms of friendship, taking us right up to the present, all the while interspersed with analyses of his own personal friendships. Nehamas himself sums up his thesis best: "Despite their double face, however, nonmoral values are and remain values - features without which life would be pointless, without variation, intricacy, intimacy, or joy. They provide a justification of friendship that is independent of both its benefits and its moral or immoral features, and despite the pains, disappointments, and dangers it brings with it."
October 15, 2016
I really liked a lot of what Nehamas had to say about friendship, and find myself agreeing with a large portion of the sort of phenomenological structure of friendship he describes. That said, I am uncertain whether I agree with him about all the phenomenological aspects of friendship; I suspect I have a less intimate or emotional feeling towards my friends than he does. However, I may certainly be wrong and will consider his arguments further. I will additionally note that this book was written extremely accessibly and was pleasant to read.
April 20, 2020
On Friendship was a good break from my typical reading. Being taken through the understandings of friendship through the centuries by philosophers and in the way friendships have been portrayed in art was a very interesting journey and provides a lot to think about. The ways that each individual relationship you have is different and how no friendship could ever be the same is something that made me take a step back and think, as did the idea as to the different values each friendship brings, both good and bad. Overall, this was a great book that I am glad I took a change of pace to read.
September 18, 2016
I really enjoyed this eminently readable book, the half dozen or so central ideas in which circle around enough times for them to stick. Nehamas did make me wonder, however, whether I actually have any friends! He partially rejects Aristotle's idealistic definition of friendship, but his own implicit understanding of how friendship works is also strikingly intimate and intense. Makes me want to think further about it, perhaps through writing...and to ask myself some hard questions.
June 28, 2018
I wanted to love this book. I heard an interview with him on NPR and did something I rarely do... Buy a book instead of waiting for the libry to get it. It took me over a year to slog thru this. If you love Greek philosophy more than current scientific studies- this book IS for you. It was not for me. It was dry, mundane and too haughty. There were a handful of decent takeaways in a sentence or two. The NPR interview was 1000 times more interesting in my opinion. Listen to that and skip this.
August 13, 2016
Too much reliance on literature, film, and art. But it gets a lot better when the focus turns to talking about the disintegration of friendships. Not a practical book on how to develop or maintain good friendships, but nevertheless a worthwhile read.
December 26, 2018
A simply written book for an easy read. Unlike most other philosophy books that requires you to read a sentence twice to figure out what exactly the author meant, Nehamas has made it light but insightful enough so that it does not become too watered down nor too heavy for an afternoon read.
December 17, 2016
Aristotle's conception of categories of friends
Idea that the reasons we care for closest friends can't be described accurately because it's an asthetic
Idea that the reasons we care for closest friends can't be described accurately because it's an asthetic
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
July 4, 2022
賴乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丨賯蹖賯蹖 賳賵毓蹖 噩丿丕蹖蹖 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賵 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 毓氐蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲!
賵丕賯毓丕 賴賲 賴賲蹖賳賴.
賵丕賯毓丕 賴賲 賴賲蹖賳賴.
July 14, 2023
亘丕乇 丕賵賱蹖 讴賴 丕賵 乇丕 丿蹖丿賲 賱禺鬲 亘賵丿. 賮賯胤 蹖讴 賲丕蹖賵 倬丕蹖卮 亘賵丿. 亘丿賳 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 丿丕卮鬲. 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 亘趩賴 賴丕 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿. 鬲乇賲 丕賵賱 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 亘賵丿賲 賵 亘丕 賴賲賴 睾乇蹖亘賴. 丕賲丕 鬲賳丿 鬲賳丿 丿賵爻鬲 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴乇丿賲. 賲讴丕賱賲賴 讴賵鬲丕賴蹖 丿丕卮鬲蹖賲 賵 亘毓丿卮 賴乇 讴丿丕賲賲丕賳 乇賮鬲蹖賲 爻乇丕睾 讴丕乇賲丕賳 丕賲丕 丕夭 賴賲丕賳噩丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲丕 卮乇賵毓 卮丿.
卮亘賴丕 丿丕禺賱 禺賵丕亘诏丕賴 賲丕賮蹖丕 亘丕夭蹖 賲蹖讴乇丿蹖賲. 鬲賵蹖 爻賱賮 亘丕 賴賲 睾匕丕 賲蹖禺賵乇丿蹖賲. 賴乇 讴丕乇蹖 乇卮鬲賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲丕 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賴賲 鬲賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖讴乇丿. 讴乇賵賳丕 讴賴 丌賲丿貙 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賴丕 賲噩丕夭蹖 卮丿 賵 丕夭 賴賲 丿賵乇 卮丿蹖賲. 賲賳 賴賲 丿蹖诏乇 爻乇丕睾蹖 丕夭 丕賵 賳诏乇賮鬲賲 丕賲丕 丕賵 賴乇 賲丕賴 亘賴 賲賳 夭賳诏 賲蹖夭丿 賵 丨丕賱賲 乇丕 賲蹖倬乇爻蹖丿.
丨丕賱丕 趩賴丕乇爻丕賱 丕夭 乇賮丕賯鬲賲丕賳 賲蹖诏匕乇丿. 賴乇噩丕 蹖讴 乇賮蹖賯 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 讴賳丕乇 乇賮蹖賯卮 亘丕卮丿貙 讴賳丕乇卮 亘賵丿賲 賵 亘丕 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 賵 鬲賱禺蹖 賴丕蹖卮 讴賳丕乇 丌賲丿賲. 賴乇趩賴 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳賲 氐賮丕鬲 亘丿 亘夭乇诏 賵 丕毓氐丕亘 禺賵乇丿 讴賳蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 蹖讴 鬲賳賮乇 鬲賲丕賲 毓蹖丕乇 讴丕賮蹖爻鬲 丕賲丕 亘丕夭賴賲 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇賲.
卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 賲孬賱 蹖讴 倬丕夭賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 賯胤毓賴 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 胤賵賱 爻丕賱蹖丕賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕夭 賲讴丕賳 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘乇丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲. 賳讴鬲賴 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯胤毓丕鬲貙 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 賲賳爻噩賲 賵 噩丿蹖丿 亘爻丕夭蹖賲. 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 亘丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丕蹖賳 禺賵亘蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯胤毓賴 賴丕 賲噩丕賱 亘乇賵夭 賲蹖丿賴蹖賲. 賲丕 亘丕 賴乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 亘賴 诏賵賳賴 禺丕氐蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖賲 賵 賵噩賴 禺丕氐蹖 丕夭 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 亘乇賵夭 賲蹖丿賴蹖賲. 賵賯鬲蹖 丌賳趩賴 丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 丕爻鬲 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賲蹖 丌蹖丿 賵 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿貙 丌賳 賯胤毓賴 倬丕夭賱 噩丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 丿乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 鬲毓丕乇囟卮 亘丕 爻丕蹖乇 賯胤毓賴 賴丕 乇丕 亘乇胤乇賮 賲蹖讴賳丿.
賲丕 丿賵爻鬲 賲蹖賲丕賳蹖賲 趩賵賳 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖賲 賴賳賵夭 丕亘毓丕丿蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 亘乇 賲丕 丌卮讴丕乇 賳卮丿賴 蹖丕 丕賵 賴賲趩賳丕賳 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 賳賯丕胤 噩丿蹖丿蹖 亘乇爻丕賳丿 丕賲丕 丕诏乇 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 讴賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賲丕 乇丕 丕夭 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 诏匕卮鬲賴 丕賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴丿 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 乇丕亘胤賴 賲丕賳 乇丕 亘丕 丕賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿賴蹖賲. 诏丕賴蹖 亘诏賵賲诏賵 賲蹖卮賵丿 賵 诏丕賴蹖 丿賵乇蹖. 丿乇 蹖讴 讴賱丕賲芦丿蹖诏乇 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲卮鬲乇讴蹖 亘丕 賴賲 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖賲.禄
賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵丿卮丕賳 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇蹖賲 賳賴 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖卮丕賳 趩乇丕讴賴 賲蹖卮賵丿 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 丌賳賴丕 丿賵爻鬲 賳亘賵丿 丕賲丕 丌賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 丿乇 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 賴爻鬲 賵 賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 丌賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖賲.
讴鬲丕亘 賮賱爻賮賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲丕賲賱蹖 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴卮賮 賵 卮賴賵丿 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賴丕 乇賵丿賴 丿乇丕夭蹖 讴乇丿賴. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 芦賲乇诏禄 賳卮乇 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖诏匕丕乇賲 讴賴 丌賳賴賲 氐乇賮丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳賵乇 賵 丌賳賵乇 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲賵囟賵毓 丕氐賱蹖 賲胤賱亘 爻乇 賴賲 讴乇丿賴 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳 賲胤丕賱亘 賳馗乇卮 乇丕 诏賮鬲賴.
卮亘賴丕 丿丕禺賱 禺賵丕亘诏丕賴 賲丕賮蹖丕 亘丕夭蹖 賲蹖讴乇丿蹖賲. 鬲賵蹖 爻賱賮 亘丕 賴賲 睾匕丕 賲蹖禺賵乇丿蹖賲. 賴乇 讴丕乇蹖 乇卮鬲賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賲丕 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賴賲 鬲賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖讴乇丿. 讴乇賵賳丕 讴賴 丌賲丿貙 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賴丕 賲噩丕夭蹖 卮丿 賵 丕夭 賴賲 丿賵乇 卮丿蹖賲. 賲賳 賴賲 丿蹖诏乇 爻乇丕睾蹖 丕夭 丕賵 賳诏乇賮鬲賲 丕賲丕 丕賵 賴乇 賲丕賴 亘賴 賲賳 夭賳诏 賲蹖夭丿 賵 丨丕賱賲 乇丕 賲蹖倬乇爻蹖丿.
丨丕賱丕 趩賴丕乇爻丕賱 丕夭 乇賮丕賯鬲賲丕賳 賲蹖诏匕乇丿. 賴乇噩丕 蹖讴 乇賮蹖賯 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 讴賳丕乇 乇賮蹖賯卮 亘丕卮丿貙 讴賳丕乇卮 亘賵丿賲 賵 亘丕 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 賵 鬲賱禺蹖 賴丕蹖卮 讴賳丕乇 丌賲丿賲. 賴乇趩賴 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳賲 氐賮丕鬲 亘丿 亘夭乇诏 賵 丕毓氐丕亘 禺賵乇丿 讴賳蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 蹖讴 鬲賳賮乇 鬲賲丕賲 毓蹖丕乇 讴丕賮蹖爻鬲 丕賲丕 亘丕夭賴賲 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇賲.
卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 賲孬賱 蹖讴 倬丕夭賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 賯胤毓賴 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 胤賵賱 爻丕賱蹖丕賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕夭 賲讴丕賳 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 亘乇丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲. 賳讴鬲賴 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯胤毓丕鬲貙 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 賲賳爻噩賲 賵 噩丿蹖丿 亘爻丕夭蹖賲. 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 亘丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丕蹖賳 禺賵亘蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯胤毓賴 賴丕 賲噩丕賱 亘乇賵夭 賲蹖丿賴蹖賲. 賲丕 亘丕 賴乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 亘賴 诏賵賳賴 禺丕氐蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖賲 賵 賵噩賴 禺丕氐蹖 丕夭 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 亘乇賵夭 賲蹖丿賴蹖賲. 賵賯鬲蹖 丌賳趩賴 丿乇賵賳賲丕賳 丕爻鬲 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賲蹖 丌蹖丿 賵 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖卮賵丿貙 丌賳 賯胤毓賴 倬丕夭賱 噩丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 丿乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿 賵 鬲毓丕乇囟卮 亘丕 爻丕蹖乇 賯胤毓賴 賴丕 乇丕 亘乇胤乇賮 賲蹖讴賳丿.
賲丕 丿賵爻鬲 賲蹖賲丕賳蹖賲 趩賵賳 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖賲 賴賳賵夭 丕亘毓丕丿蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 亘乇 賲丕 丌卮讴丕乇 賳卮丿賴 蹖丕 丕賵 賴賲趩賳丕賳 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 賳賯丕胤 噩丿蹖丿蹖 亘乇爻丕賳丿 丕賲丕 丕诏乇 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 讴賴 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賲丕 乇丕 丕夭 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 诏匕卮鬲賴 丕賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴丿 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 乇丕亘胤賴 賲丕賳 乇丕 亘丕 丕賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿賴蹖賲. 诏丕賴蹖 亘诏賵賲诏賵 賲蹖卮賵丿 賵 诏丕賴蹖 丿賵乇蹖. 丿乇 蹖讴 讴賱丕賲芦丿蹖诏乇 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲卮鬲乇讴蹖 亘丕 賴賲 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖賲.禄
賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵丿卮丕賳 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇蹖賲 賳賴 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖卮丕賳 趩乇丕讴賴 賲蹖卮賵丿 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 丌賳賴丕 丿賵爻鬲 賳亘賵丿 丕賲丕 丌賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 丿乇 丿賵爻鬲賲丕賳 賴爻鬲 賵 賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 丌賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖賲.
讴鬲丕亘 賮賱爻賮賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 鬲丕賲賱蹖 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丿賵爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴卮賮 賵 卮賴賵丿 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賴丕 乇賵丿賴 丿乇丕夭蹖 讴乇丿賴. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 芦賲乇诏禄 賳卮乇 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖诏匕丕乇賲 讴賴 丌賳賴賲 氐乇賮丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳賵乇 賵 丌賳賵乇 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲賵囟賵毓 丕氐賱蹖 賲胤賱亘 爻乇 賴賲 讴乇丿賴 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳 賲胤丕賱亘 賳馗乇卮 乇丕 诏賮鬲賴.
September 30, 2022
丕夭 噩賳亘賴 賮賱爻賮蹖-賳馗乇蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 夭蹖丕丿 蹖丕丿诏乇賮鬲賲. 賲孬賱丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 乇賵丕亘胤 亘賴 爻賴 丿賱蹖賱 卮讴賱 賲蹖诏蹖乇賳:
蹖丕 爻賵丿蹖 讴賴 丌丿賲丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲蹖乇爻賵賳賳 (賲賳賮毓鬲 毓賲賱蹖)
蹖丕 氐乇賮丕 丕夭 丨囟賵乇 賴賲 賱匕鬲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟�
賵 蹖丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 "噩匕亘 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥�"賴丕蹖 賴賲 卮丿賳
賳賲蹖卮賴 诏賮鬲 丨鬲賲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 蹖賴 乇丕亘胤賴 賴爻鬲 賴乇 丿賵 胤乇賮 亘賴卮 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 蹖讴爻丕賳蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 賵 賯胤毓丕 賲賲讴賳賴 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘丕卮賴 賵賱蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丨丕卅夭 丕賴賲蹖鬲賴 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 禺賵亘賴 丌丿賲 趩卮賲丕卮賵 亘丕夭 讴賳賴 丕诏賴 賲孬賱丕 倬丕蹖賴 乇丕亘胤賴 賲賳賮毓鬲 毓賲賱蹖 賴爻鬲 丌蹖丕 賲鬲毓丕丿賱 賵 賲鬲賯丕亘賱賴責 賵 賵丕賯毓丕 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 賲賳賵 亘賴 賮讴乇 賵丕 丿丕卮鬲.
賳讴鬲賴 賮賱爻賮蹖-賳馗乇蹖 亘毓丿蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 蹖賴 噩丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮 賲蹖夭賳賴 讴賴 趩乇丕 乇賵丕亘胤 鬲賲賵賲 賲蹖卮賳丿 賵 趩乇丕 爻賵鬲賮丕賴賲丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕賳丿. 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丕蹖賳噩丕 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 賮賴賲蹖丿賲 鬲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 賲丕 賲胤丕亘賯 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 乇賮鬲丕乇 讴賳蹖賲 賲蹖鬲賵賳蹖賲 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 亘卮蹖賲. 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲卮 蹖毓賳蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賲丕 丿丕乇賴. 賲孬賱丕 丕诏賴 賲賳 丌丿賲 卮賵禺蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 亘卮賲 賲蹖鬲賵賳賲 蹖賴 卮賵禺蹖鈥屫й� 亘讴賳賲 賵 丌丿賲丕 賲蹖诏匕乇賳 賵 丿賵爻鬲丕賲 賲蹖禺賳丿賳 趩賵賳 賲賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賲. 賵賱蹖 丕诏賴 丌丿賲 噩丿蹖鈥屫й� 亘丕卮賲 禺蹖賱蹖 乇丕丨鬲 爻乇 蹖賴 卮賵禺蹖 亘丿 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲賲 亘賴賲 亘禺賵乇賴. 趩乇丕責 趩賵賳 賴蹖趩讴爻 丕賳鬲馗丕乇卮賵 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賯亘賵賱卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.
賴乇 毓賲賱蹖 鬲賵 丿蹖丿 亘賯蹖賴 賲賲讴賳賴 亘賴 蹖賴 賳蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖丿賴 亘卮賴貙 賲孬賱丕 "禺賵亘蹖 讴乇丿賳" 蹖丕 "禺賵丿賳賲丕蹖蹖 讴乇丿賳" 蹖丕 "讴賲讴 讴乇丿賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵丿卮 賵 丨爻 禺賵亘蹖 讴賴 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳賴" 蹖丕 "讴賲讴 趩賵賳 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳賴 丿乇 賳賯卮 丿賵爻鬲 賵馗蹖賮賴鈥屫促�" 賵... 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲 丕賵賳 亘丨孬 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 讴賴 丌丿賲丕 丕夭 賲丕 丿丕乇賳 賲蹖丕丿 賵爻胤 賵 丕賵賳胤賵乇蹖 丕夭 丕毓賲丕賱 蹖丕 丨乇賮丕賲賵賳 亘乇丿丕卮鬲 賲蹖讴賳賳 賵 賴賲 丕蹖賳讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 丕诏賴 丿賵爻鬲鬲賵賳 蹖賴 趩蹖夭蹖 乇賵 禺賵亘 賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 賵丕賯毓丕 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 氐乇賮丕 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲鬲賵賳賴 亘丿蹖鬲賵賳 乇賵 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 蹖丕 卮亘蹖賴蹖丿 賵 丕蹖賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 丕匕蹖鬲卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 亘乇丕卮 亘丿 卮賲乇丿賴 賳賲蹖卮賴. 丕蹖賳賲 賳讴鬲賴 賲賴賲蹖賴貙 蹖毓賳蹖 賲賳 亘丕 蹖讴蹖 丿賵爻鬲賲 賵 賲丕 丿賵 鬲丕 蹖賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 賮賯胤 亘蹖賳 賲丕爻鬲 乇賵 丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 亘乇丿丕卮鬲丕蹖 禺賵丿賲賵賳 賵 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賴賲 賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖賲 賵 丕夭 賴賲 蹖丕丿賲蹖诏蹖乇蹖賲 賵... 賵 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳丕 亘蹖賳 噩賮鬲 賲丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賴爻鬲賳丿貙 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賲賲讴賳賴 賱夭賵賲丕 禺賵亘 蹖丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賳亘丕卮賳丿. (禺胤乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖 :")
賮丕乇睾 丕夭 亘丨孬 賮賱爻賮蹖-賳馗乇蹖貙 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 噩匕丕亘蹖鬲丕蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 趩賳丿 鬲丕 丕孬乇 賴賳乇蹖 (賳賯丕卮蹖 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賵 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲) 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 乇賵 賲蹖诏賴 蹖丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇 乇賵 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 亘毓丿卮 蹖賴 噩賵乇丕蹖蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴 讴賴 賴乇趩蹖夭蹖 丕蹖賳噩丕 蹖毓賳蹖 趩蹖 賵 趩賴 賲賮賴賵賲蹖 乇賵 賲蹖乇爻賵賳賴 賵 丕蹖賳 賵丕賯毓丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 禺蹖賱蹖 夭蹖亘丕 亘賵丿 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 賲毓賳蹖 囟賲賳蹖 趩蹖夭丕 乇賵 亘賮賴賲賲 :")
蹖丕 爻賵丿蹖 讴賴 丌丿賲丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲蹖乇爻賵賳賳 (賲賳賮毓鬲 毓賲賱蹖)
蹖丕 氐乇賮丕 丕夭 丨囟賵乇 賴賲 賱匕鬲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟�
賵 蹖丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 "噩匕亘 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥�"賴丕蹖 賴賲 卮丿賳
賳賲蹖卮賴 诏賮鬲 丨鬲賲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 蹖賴 乇丕亘胤賴 賴爻鬲 賴乇 丿賵 胤乇賮 亘賴卮 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 蹖讴爻丕賳蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 賵 賯胤毓丕 賲賲讴賳賴 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 亘丕卮賴 賵賱蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丨丕卅夭 丕賴賲蹖鬲賴 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 禺賵亘賴 丌丿賲 趩卮賲丕卮賵 亘丕夭 讴賳賴 丕诏賴 賲孬賱丕 倬丕蹖賴 乇丕亘胤賴 賲賳賮毓鬲 毓賲賱蹖 賴爻鬲 丌蹖丕 賲鬲毓丕丿賱 賵 賲鬲賯丕亘賱賴責 賵 賵丕賯毓丕 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 賲賳賵 亘賴 賮讴乇 賵丕 丿丕卮鬲.
賳讴鬲賴 賮賱爻賮蹖-賳馗乇蹖 亘毓丿蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 蹖賴 噩丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮 賲蹖夭賳賴 讴賴 趩乇丕 乇賵丕亘胤 鬲賲賵賲 賲蹖卮賳丿 賵 趩乇丕 爻賵鬲賮丕賴賲丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕賳丿. 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丕蹖賳噩丕 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 賮賴賲蹖丿賲 鬲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 賲丕 賲胤丕亘賯 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 乇賮鬲丕乇 讴賳蹖賲 賲蹖鬲賵賳蹖賲 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 亘卮蹖賲. 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲卮 蹖毓賳蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賲丕 丿丕乇賴. 賲孬賱丕 丕诏賴 賲賳 丌丿賲 卮賵禺蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 亘卮賲 賲蹖鬲賵賳賲 蹖賴 卮賵禺蹖鈥屫й� 亘讴賳賲 賵 丌丿賲丕 賲蹖诏匕乇賳 賵 丿賵爻鬲丕賲 賲蹖禺賳丿賳 趩賵賳 賲賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賲. 賵賱蹖 丕诏賴 丌丿賲 噩丿蹖鈥屫й� 亘丕卮賲 禺蹖賱蹖 乇丕丨鬲 爻乇 蹖賴 卮賵禺蹖 亘丿 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲賲 亘賴賲 亘禺賵乇賴. 趩乇丕責 趩賵賳 賴蹖趩讴爻 丕賳鬲馗丕乇卮賵 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賯亘賵賱卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴.
賴乇 毓賲賱蹖 鬲賵 丿蹖丿 亘賯蹖賴 賲賲讴賳賴 亘賴 蹖賴 賳蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖丿賴 亘卮賴貙 賲孬賱丕 "禺賵亘蹖 讴乇丿賳" 蹖丕 "禺賵丿賳賲丕蹖蹖 讴乇丿賳" 蹖丕 "讴賲讴 讴乇丿賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵丿卮 賵 丨爻 禺賵亘蹖 讴賴 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖讴賳賴" 蹖丕 "讴賲讴 趩賵賳 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳賴 丿乇 賳賯卮 丿賵爻鬲 賵馗蹖賮賴鈥屫促�" 賵... 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲 丕賵賳 亘丨孬 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 讴賴 丌丿賲丕 丕夭 賲丕 丿丕乇賳 賲蹖丕丿 賵爻胤 賵 丕賵賳胤賵乇蹖 丕夭 丕毓賲丕賱 蹖丕 丨乇賮丕賲賵賳 亘乇丿丕卮鬲 賲蹖讴賳賳 賵 賴賲 丕蹖賳讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 丕诏賴 丿賵爻鬲鬲賵賳 蹖賴 趩蹖夭蹖 乇賵 禺賵亘 賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 賵丕賯毓丕 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 氐乇賮丕 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲鬲賵賳賴 亘丿蹖鬲賵賳 乇賵 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 蹖丕 卮亘蹖賴蹖丿 賵 丕蹖賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖 丕匕蹖鬲卮 賳賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 亘乇丕卮 亘丿 卮賲乇丿賴 賳賲蹖卮賴. 丕蹖賳賲 賳讴鬲賴 賲賴賲蹖賴貙 蹖毓賳蹖 賲賳 亘丕 蹖讴蹖 丿賵爻鬲賲 賵 賲丕 丿賵 鬲丕 蹖賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 賮賯胤 亘蹖賳 賲丕爻鬲 乇賵 丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 亘乇丿丕卮鬲丕蹖 禺賵丿賲賵賳 賵 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賴賲 賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖賲 賵 丕夭 賴賲 蹖丕丿賲蹖诏蹖乇蹖賲 賵... 賵 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳丕 亘蹖賳 噩賮鬲 賲丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賴爻鬲賳丿貙 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賲賲讴賳賴 賱夭賵賲丕 禺賵亘 蹖丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賳亘丕卮賳丿. (禺胤乇 丿賵爻鬲蹖 :")
賮丕乇睾 丕夭 亘丨孬 賮賱爻賮蹖-賳馗乇蹖貙 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 噩匕丕亘蹖鬲丕蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 趩賳丿 鬲丕 丕孬乇 賴賳乇蹖 (賳賯丕卮蹖 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賵 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲) 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 乇賵 賲蹖诏賴 蹖丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇 乇賵 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 亘毓丿卮 蹖賴 噩賵乇丕蹖蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴 讴賴 賴乇趩蹖夭蹖 丕蹖賳噩丕 蹖毓賳蹖 趩蹖 賵 趩賴 賲賮賴賵賲蹖 乇賵 賲蹖乇爻賵賳賴 賵 丕蹖賳 賵丕賯毓丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 禺蹖賱蹖 夭蹖亘丕 亘賵丿 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 賲毓賳蹖 囟賲賳蹖 趩蹖夭丕 乇賵 亘賮賴賲賲 :")
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