欧宝娱乐

Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

丕賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱亘卮乇賷

Rate this book
賷丐賰賾丿 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀爻賵兀 賲禺丕賵賮賳丕: 賷賲賰賳 賱賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 兀賳 賷丨賰賲賵丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲.

賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱賲丐乇禺 賰丕乇賱賵 鬲卮賷亘賵賱丕 毓亘乇 賲丕 爻賲賾丕賴 芦丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳禄貙 丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賵賲毓乇賮丞貙 兀賵 乇亘賲丕 鬲丨賷賷丿貙 賵丕丨丿丞 賲賳 兀卮丿賾 丕賱賯賵賶 丕賱賲馗賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓賷賯 賳賲賵 乇賮丕賴賷丞 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵爻毓丕丿鬲賴.

廿匕丕 賵噩丿鬲 賳賮爻賰 賷賵賲丕賸 賷丕卅爻丕賸 賲賳 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱睾亘丕亍貙 賮賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賵丕賱賲囟丨賰 賵丕賱賲孬賷乇 賱賱賯賱賯 賮賷 丌賳賺 賴賵 賲賳 兀噩賱賰.

賵廿匕丕 孬亘鬲 兀賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賲爻鬲丨賷賱 廿賳賯丕匕 賳賮爻賰 賲賳 丕賱睾亘丕亍貙 賷賲賰賳賰 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賲 亘丕賱囟丨賰 賲賳賴!

112 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 1976

695 people are currently reading
8,984 people want to read

About the author

Carlo M. Cipolla

74books136followers
Carlo M. Cipolla (August 15, 1922 鈥� September 5, 2000) was an Italian economic historian. He was born in Pavia, where he got his academic degree in 1944.
As a young man, Cipolla wanted to teach history and philosophy in an Italian high school, and therefore enrolled at the political science faculty at Pavia University. Whilst a student there, thanks to professor Franco Borlandi, a specialist in Medieval economic history, he discovered his passion for economic history. Subsequently he studied at the Sorbonne and the London School of Economics.

Cipolla obtained his first teaching post in economic history in Catania at the age of 27. This was to be the first stop in a long academic career in Italy (Venice, Turin, Pavia, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Fiesole) and abroad. In 1953 Cipolla left for the United States as a Fulbright fellow and in 1957 became a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Two years later he obtained a full professorship.

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
3,278 (31%)
4 stars
3,636 (35%)
3 stars
2,400 (23%)
2 stars
764 (7%)
1 star
271 (2%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 1,223 reviews
Profile Image for Valeriu Gherghel.
Author听6 books1,959 followers
April 19, 2023
Nu-mi plac c膬r葲ile care vorbesc despre c卯t de pro葯ti s卯nt ceilal葲i 葯i c卯t de 鈥瀌膬葯tep葲i鈥� s卯nt autorii lor. Trebuie s膬 ai umorul 葯i inteligen葲a s膬 te incluzi 葯i pe tine 卯n masa celor sorti葲i dispre葲ului, massa damnata.

Cipolla formuleaz膬 5 legi fundamentale:

1. 脦n societate, num膬rul imbecililor e constant 葯i 卯ntotdeauna mai mare dec卯t cel estimat de speciali葯ti.
2. Prostia e un 鈥瀙rivilegiu aleatoriu鈥�, un dat al Providen葲ei inscrutabile. Nu poate fi remediat膬 prin educa葲ie 葯i cultur膬. Prostia e din n膬scare 葯i nu are leac.
3. O defini葲ie: imbecilul provoac膬 necontenit pierderi celorlal牛i, f膬r膬 s膬 c卯葯tige nimic 卯n schimb.
4. Capacitatea imbecilului de a face r膬u 卯ntrece orice 卯nchipuire.
5. Dintre toate tipurile umane, imbecilul e cel mai periculos.

脦n concluzie, imbecilul are un comportament haotic 葯i nu g卯nde葯te ra葲ional. Din acest motiv e imprevizibil.

Probabil c膬 eseul lui Cipolla este ironic. Cel mai mult mi-au pl膬cut graficele 葯i tonul pedant, sobru, obiectiv, 鈥炄檛iin葲ific鈥�. L-am citit 葯i nu 葯tiu dac膬 am dat dovad膬 de inteligen葲膬.

M膬car 卯n parte, opiniile mele difer膬 de cele ale istoricului italian. 脦ntre pro葯ti 葯i iste葲i v膬d o disjunc葲ie inclusiv膬 (sau/葯i). Consider c膬 inteligen葲a e intermitent膬, ca firul de ap膬 卯n de葯ert. Nimeni nu este iste葲 24 de ore din 24, 7 zile din 7. Omul e mai degrab膬 prost dec卯t iste葲 (23h din 24h). Prin urmare, prostia e regula, geniul - excep葲ia. Nu exist膬 geniu pur, nu exist膬 imbecil pur. Exist膬, din fericire pentru to葲i, grade, trepte, o suav膬 combina葲ie.

George Bernard Shaw: 鈥濷amenii g卯ndesc cam o dat膬 pe an. Faptul c膬 eu g卯ndesc de dou膬 ori pe s膬pt膬m卯n膬 mi-a adus o notorietate nemeritat膬鈥�.
Profile Image for Guille.
927 reviews2,869 followers
June 2, 2022

Divertida e interesante.

Aunque me gust贸 mucho m谩s el art铆culo de las leyes de la Estupidez, el m谩s famoso, desde que le铆 鈥淓l papel de las especias鈥︹€� he intentado sustituir en mi dieta la sal por la pimienta y no puedo quejarme de los resultados... y alguien m谩s tampoco.
April 11, 2021
Ok, this is not a book, precisely, but a pamphlet. Which doesn't preclude the book from being a classic, on par with and .

It's so tongue-in-cheek (and, ahem, true) that I can't find it in myself to be politically correct enough to get offended at the language or blunt phrasing.

Q:
Cultural trends now fashionable in the West favor an egalitarian approach to life. People like to think of human beings as the output of a perfectly engineered mass production machine. Geneticists and sociologists especially go out of their way to prove, with an impressive apparatus of scientific data and formulations, that all men are naturally equal and if some are more equal than the others, this is attributable to nurture and not to nature.
I take exception to this general view. It is my firm conviction, supported by years of observation and experimentation, that men are not equal, that some are stupid and others are not and that the difference is determined by nature and not by cultural forces or factors. One is stupid in the same way one is red-haired; one belongs to the stupid set as one belongs to a blood group. A stupid man is born a stupid man by an act of Providence. (c)
Q:
moving up the social ladder I found that the same ratio was prevalent among the white-collar employees and among the students. More impressive still were the results among the professors. Whether I considered a large university or a small college, a famous institution or an obscure one, I found that the same fraction 蟽 of the professors were stupid. So bewildered was I by the results that I made a special point to extend my research to a specially selected group, to a real elite, the Nobel laureates. The result confirmed Nature鈥檚 supreme powers: 蟽 fraction of the Nobel laureates were stupid. (c)
Q:
... whether you move in distinguished circles or you take refuge among the headhunters of Polynesia, whether you lock yourself in a monastery or decide to spend the rest of your life in the company of beautiful and lascivious women, you always have to face the same percentage of stupid people鈥攚hich percentage (in accordance with the First Law) will always surpass your expectations. (c)
Q:
We can recollect cases in which a fellow took an action by which both parties gained: he was intelligent. Such cases do indeed occur. But upon thoughtful reflection you must admit that these are not the events that punctuate most frequently our daily life. Our daily life is mostly made up of cases in which we lose money and/or time and/or energy and/or appetite, cheerfulness, and good health because of the improbable action of some preposterous creature who has nothing to gain and indeed gains nothing from causing us embarrassment, difficulties or harm. Nobody knows, understands, or can possibly explain why that preposterous creature does what he does. In fact there is no explanation鈥攐r better, there is only one explanation: the person in question is stupid. (c)
Q:
A stupid creature will harass you for no reason, for no advantage, without any plan or scheme and at the most improbable times and places. You have no rational way of telling if and when and how and why the stupid creature attacks. When confronted with a stupid individual you are completely at his mercy. (c)
Profile Image for Pakinam Mahmoud.
992 reviews4,760 followers
September 2, 2024
"丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱睾亘賷 賴賵 兀卮丿賾 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 禺胤乇丕賸.."

丕賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賰鬲丕亘 賱賱賲丐乇禺 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱廿賷胤丕賱賷 賰丕乇賱賵 鬲卮賷亘賵賱丕 賵賯丿 亘丕毓 賰鬲丕亘賴 賴匕丕 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賳氐賮 賲賱賷賵賳 賳爻禺丞 賵鬲購乇噩賲 廿賱賶 16 賱睾丞...

賲賳 禺賱丕賱 佶 賯賵丕賳賷賳 兀胤賱賯 毓賱賷賴賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賲毓乇賮丞 賵 丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賵丕丨丿丞 賲賳 兀卮丿賾 丕賱賯賵賶 丕賱賲馗賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓賷賯 賳賲賵 賵 乇賮丕賴賷丞 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵爻毓丕丿鬲賴 賵賴賷 丕賱睾亘丕亍...

"丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱睾亘賷 賴賵 卮禺氐 賷賰亘賾丿 卮禺氐丕賸 丌禺乇 兀賵 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 禺爻丕卅乇貙 賵賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 毓賷賳賴 賱丕 賷丨賯賾賯 賱賳賮爻賴 兀賷賾 賲賰爻亘貙 亘賱 賱毓賱賾賴 賷鬲賰亘賾丿 禺爻丕卅乇 兀賷囟丕賸.."

賷賵囟丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 廿賳 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 賲賵噩賵丿賷賳 丨賵賱賳丕 賵兀賳賴賲 賷鬲賵夭賾毓賵丕 鬲賵夭賾毓丕賸 賲鬲賲丕孬賱丕賸 賵賮賯 賳爻亘丞 孬丕亘鬲丞 賮賷 賰賱 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 賵丿丕禺賱 賰賱 丕賱賲賴賳..丨鬲賱丕賯賷賴賲 賲賵噩賵丿賷賳 爻賵丕亍 亘賷賳 丕賱胤賱丕亘 貙丕賱丕賰丕丿賲賷賷賳貙丕賱丨丕氐賱賷賳 毓賱賷 賳賵亘賱 賵 兀賰賷丿 賮賷 丕賱賯丕丿丞 賵 乇丐爻丕亍 丕賱丿賵賱 賵丨鬲賷 賮賷 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞:)

"賮丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲賷丞 鬲鬲賰賵賾賳 賲賳 丨丕賱丕鬲 賳賮賯丿 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賲丕賱 賵/ 兀賵 丕賱賵賯鬲 賵/ 兀賵 丕賱胤丕賯丞 賵/ 兀賵 丕賱卮賴賷丞 賵丕賱亘賴噩丞 賵丕賱毓丕賮賷丞貙 亘爻亘亘 鬲氐乇賾賮 睾賷乇 賲購丨鬲賲賻賱 丕賱賵賯賵毓 賷賯賵賲 亘賴 賰丕卅賳 兀禺乇賯 賱賷爻 賱丿賷賴 賲丕 賷賰爻亘賴貙 賵賱丕 賷賰爻亘 卮賷卅丕賸 賮賷 丕賱賵丕賯毓 賲賳 廿賱丨丕賯 丕賱賲鬲丕毓亘 兀賵 丕賱兀匕賷 賱賳丕"

賰賳鬲 兀鬲賲賳賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷鬲賰賱賲 毓賳 賳賲丕匕噩 賱兀卮禺丕氐 兀睾亘賷丕亍 爻賵丕亍 丨賰丕賲 丕賵 睾賷乇賴 賵丿丞 賱賱兀爻賮 賲丨氐賱卮 賵毓丕丿賷 賴賲 賲毓乇賵賮賷賳 賷毓賳賷 兀賵 賱賵 丿賵乇賳丕 丨賳賱丕賯賷賴賲 亘爻賴賵賱丞:)

丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賱賵 賵 賲賰鬲賵亘 亘廿爻賱賵亘 爻賱爻.. 氐丨賷丨 丨噩賲賴 氐睾賷乇 賵 賱賰賳賴 賲賴賲 賵 丨賷禺賱賷賰 鬲鬲毓賱賲 丨丕噩丞 賲賴賲丞 噩丿丕賸
兀賳 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 賮賷 賰賱 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 賵賮賷 馗賱賾 兀賷 馗乇賮貙 賴賵 禺胤兀 賮丕丿丨.. 賷毓賳賷 賲賳 丕賱丕禺乇 賱賵 鬲毓乇賮 丨丿 睾亘賷..丕亘毓丿 毓賳賴..丕賱丨賷丕丞 賲卮 賳丕賯氐丞:)

丕賱鬲賯賷賷賲 伲.佶..
Profile Image for 毓亘丿丕賱乇丨賲賳 毓賯丕亘.
776 reviews982 followers
December 3, 2018
賰丕賳 丕賴鬲丿丕卅賷 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賱賷賱賸丕 毓賱賶 兀賴賲賷丞 兀賳 賳鬲卮丕乇賰 賲丕 賳賯乇兀貙 賮賯丿 兀卮丕乇 廿賱賷賴 賯亘賱 兀賷丕賲賺 丕賱氐丿賷賯 鈥徹X池з呚� 賯賮丕賮 毓賱賶 氐賮丨鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賮賷爻 亘賵賰貙 賵賱賲 賷賴丿兀 賱賷 亘丕賱 丨鬲賶 丕爻鬲毓乇鬲賴 亘丨賲丿 丕賱賱賴 賵賯乇兀鬲賴 鈥徺勝嗁佖ж� 胤亘毓鬲賴 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞貙 賵爻賵亍 鬲氐賵賷乇 胤亘毓鬲賴 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳鬲乇賳鬲.
卮睾賱賳賷 禺賱丕賱 丕賱毓丕賲 丕賱賮丕卅鬲 賲賵囟賵毓 "丕賱睾亘丕亍" 亘賵氐賮賴 兀丨丿 兀賴賲賾 丕賱賲毓胤賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿禺賱 賮賷 鬲毓丕賲賱 鈥徹з勜ベ嗀池з� 亘丕賱廿賳爻丕賳. 賵賯賱賾賲丕 丕賱鬲賮鬲 廿賱賷賴 兀丨丿 兀賵 匕賰乇賴 賮賷 爻賷丕賯 丕賱鬲禺胤賷胤 兀賵 丕賱卮乇丕賰丞 兀賵 丕賱夭賵丕噩 賵睾賷乇 鈥徹百勝� 賲賳 兀賱賵丕賳 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞. 鈥�
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賷毓乇囟 賱賱賭睾亘丕亍 賰馗丕賴乇丞 鬲爻鬲丨賯賾 丕賱丕賳鬲亘丕賴 丕賱噩賷賾丿貙 賵丕賱賳馗乇 丕賱丿賯賷賯貙 賱兀賳賾賴丕 賲賰賱賮丞 鈥徹嬝� 毓賱賶 丕賱氐毓賷丿 丕賱賮乇丿賷 賵丕賱噩賲毓賷貙 賵賱兀賾賳賴丕 兀賰孬乇 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賸丕 賲賲丕 賳鬲賵賯毓貙 賵賱兀賳賾賴丕 賲毓胤賶賸 孬丕亘鬲賹 賮賷 賰賱賾 鈥徹з勝呚呚关ж� 賵毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲 賲賴賲丕 丕乇鬲賯鬲 賮賷 丕賱爻賱賾賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 兀賵 丕賱毓賱賲賷 賵丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷. 鈥�
賰賲丕 丨丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賳 賷乇爻賲 賱賱睾亘丕亍 氐賵乇丞 毓賲賱賷丞 "乇賷丕囟賷丞" 賲賲丕 賷賵賮賾乇 賱賱賯丕乇卅 丌賱賷丞賸 -毓賱賶 賯丿乇賺 賰亘賷乇賺 鈥徺呝� 丕賱丿賯賾丞- 賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮賴 賵鬲毓賷賷賳賴 賵鬲卮禺賷氐賴. 鈥�
賰鬲丕亘賹 氐睾賷乇 丕賱丨噩賲 賰購鬲亘 賮賷 毓丕賲 1976 賵丕卮鬲賴乇 氐丕丨亘賴 (爻賷亘賵賱丕) 亘賴貙 賵賳毓丕賷卮 賲賵囟賵毓賴 賷賵賲賷賸丕 鈥徺佡� 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱毓丕賲丞 賵丕賱禺丕氐賾丞貙 賵賷購賮爻賾乇 亘丿賯賾丞 賲丕 賳爻鬲賴噩賳賴 賵賳爻鬲睾乇亘賴 賲賳 賵噩賵丿 "丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍" 賮賷 兀賲丕賰賳 鈥徺冑嗁懾� 賳馗賳賾賴丕 賲賯氐賵乇丞賸 毓賱賶 丕賱丿賴丕丞 賵丕賱兀匕賰賷丕亍!! 鈥�
賷購賯乇兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 爻丕毓丞賺 賵丕丨丿丞! 賱賰賳賾賴 爻賷卮睾賱 匕賴賳 賯丕乇卅賴 亘賱匕賾丞 丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賵丕賱賮賴賲 賱賲丿賾丞 胤賵賷賱丞 鈥徺堌焚堎�.. 鈥�
Profile Image for Sub Sakoul.
31 reviews21 followers
August 22, 2016
螜未蔚伪位喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 蟺蟻慰蟽苇纬纬喂蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委伪 蟿蠅谓 谓蠈渭蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 慰未畏纬慰蠉谓 蟽蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪. 违蟺蔚蟻蟿慰谓委味蔚喂 蟿畏 蟽畏渭伪蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 魏位畏蟻慰谓慰渭喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 蟽蟿畏 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬委伪 畏位喂胃委蠅谓 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 未委谓蔚喂 蟿畏 未苇慰蠀蟽伪 蟽畏渭伪蟽委伪 蟽蟿慰谓 蟺蟻蠅蟿蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪 蟻蠈位慰 蟿蠅谓 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏慰慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏蠋谓 蟽蠀谓胃畏魏蠋谓 蟿畏蟼 魏维胃蔚 蔚蟺慰蠂萎蟼 蟺慰蠀 魏伪胃慰蟻委味蔚喂 蟿畏 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻喂蠁慰蟻维 蟿蠅谓 伪蟿蠈渭蠅谓 渭苇蟽伪 蟽蟿畏谓 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪. 危蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 " 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 畏位委胃喂慰蟼 伪魏蟻喂尾蠋蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 维位位慰蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 魏蠈魏魏喂谓伪 渭伪位位喂维" 魏伪喂 " 慰 畏位委胃喂慰蟼 纬蔚谓谓喂苇蟿伪喂 畏位委胃喂慰蟼 位蠈纬蠅 螛蔚委伪蟼 螤蟻蠈谓慰喂伪蟼". 螤伪蟻蠈蟿喂 未喂伪蠁蠋谓畏蟽伪 渭伪味委 蟿慰蠀 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 蟺蟻蠋蟿蔚蟼 魏喂蠈位伪蟼 蟺蟻慰蟿维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀, 未喂维尾伪蟽伪 渭蔚 蟺蟻慰蟽慰蠂萎 蟿喂蟼 伪蟺蠈蠄蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 魏伪蟿苇位畏尉伪 慰蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏维 蟽蟿畏谓 伪谓伪尉喂慰蟺喂蟽蟿委伪 蟿蠅谓 蔚蟻纬伪位蔚委蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰委畏蟽蔚 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 慰未萎纬畏蟽伪谓 蟽蔚 伪蠀胃伪委蟻蔚蟿伪 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻维蟽渭伪蟿伪.

螘蠉魏慰位伪 蔚谓蟿维蟽蟽蠅 蟿慰谓 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 蟽蟿畏谓 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻委伪 蟺慰蠀 慰蟻委味蔚喂 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 韦蟻委蟿慰 螔伪蟽喂魏蠈 螡蠈渭慰 蟿慰蠀 蠅蟼 "魏伪魏慰蟺慰喂蠈", 未喂蠈蟿喂 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺伪胃蔚委 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟺位伪谓萎蟽蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 魏维谓慰谓蟿维蟼 蟿慰谓 谓伪 蟺喂蟽蟿苇蠄蔚喂 蟽蟿畏谓 魏位畏蟻慰谓慰渭喂魏萎 渭蔚蟿伪尾委尾伪蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 - 渭蔚 '蠈蟿喂 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟽蠀谓蔚蟺维纬蔚蟿伪喂 蟺蔚蟻委 伪蟺蟻伪尉委伪蟼 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟺慰位慰委蟺蠅谓 苇谓伪谓蟿喂 蟿蠅谓 畏位喂胃委蠅谓 伪蠁慰蠉 蠈蟿喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 魏维谓慰蠀谓 慰喂 渭畏 畏位委胃喂慰喂 慰 伪蟻喂胃渭蠈蟼 蟿蠅谓 畏位喂胃委蠅谓 蟺维谓蟿伪 胃伪 蟺伪蟻伪渭苇谓蔚喂 蟽蟿伪胃蔚蟻蠈蟼 - 蟺蟻维纬渭伪 蟺慰蠀 蟿慰谓 蔚蠀谓蠈畏蟽蔚 蟽蟿慰 谓伪 魏维谓蔚喂 魏伪喂 伪魏伪未畏渭伪蠆魏萎 魏伪蟻喂苇蟻伪 蟽蔚 伪蟻魏蔚蟿维 蟺伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿萎渭喂伪.
螕喂伪 蟿慰 位蠈纬慰 伪蠀蟿蠈 胃伪 伪位位维尉蠅 蟿慰谓 螤苇渭蟺蟿慰 螔伪蟽喂魏蠈 蟿慰蠀 螡蠈渭慰 蟽蔚 " 慰 魏伪魏慰蟺慰喂蠈蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺喂慰 蔚蟺喂魏委谓未蠀谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 畏位委胃喂慰".

螘蟺委蟽畏蟼, 伪渭蠁喂尾维位位蠅 纬喂伪 蟿喂蟼 苇蟻蔚蠀谓蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟿伪 蟺蔚喂蟻维渭伪蟿伪 蟺慰蠀 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰委畏蟽蔚 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 蠁蟿维蟽蔚喂 蟽蟿慰 蟽蠀渭蟺苇蟻伪蟽渭伪 蟺蠅蟼 慰 伪蟻喂胃渭蠈蟼 蟿蠅谓 畏位喂胃委蠅谓 蟺伪蟻伪渭苇谓蔚喂 蟽蟿伪胃蔚蟻蠈蟼 伪谓维 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪喂蠋谓蔚蟼 蔚委蟿蔚 畏 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪 蟺蟻慰慰未蔚蠉蔚喂 蔚委蟿蔚 慰未畏纬蔚委蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蟺伪蟻伪魏渭萎.

螖蠉慰 伪蟽蟿苇蟻喂伪 纬喂伪蟿委 苇魏伪谓蔚 蟿慰谓 魏蠈蟺慰 - 苇蟽蟿蠅 - 谓伪 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚蠉蟽蔚喂 苇谓伪 伪蟻魏蔚蟿维 蟽慰尾伪蟻蠈 胃苇渭伪 蟺伪蟻蠈蟿喂 伪蟺苇蟿蠀蠂蔚 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿畏 未喂魏萎 渭慰蠀 魏蟻委蟽畏.

违螕
螕喂伪 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪谓慰萎蟽蔚蟿蔚 蟿喂蟼 苇谓谓慰喂蔚蟼 - 伪蠁慰蠉 未蔚 蟽伪蟼 蟽蠀谓喂蟽蟿蠋 谓伪 未喂伪尾维蟽蔚蟿蔚 蟿慰 蔚谓 位蠈纬蠅 尾喂尾位委慰- 蟿慰蠀 畏位委胃喂慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 魏伪魏慰蟺慰喂慰蠉 蟽伪蟼 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟿蠅 蟿慰蠀蟼 慰蟻喂蟽渭慰蠉蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 韦蟽喂蟺蠈位伪:

螚位委胃喂慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈蟼 蟺慰蠀 魏维谓慰谓蟿伪蟼 渭委伪 蔚谓苇蟻纬蔚喂伪 魏维谓蔚喂 魏伪魏蠈 魏伪喂 蟽蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 蠀蟺慰位慰委蟺慰蠀蟼.

螝伪魏慰蟺慰喂蠈蟼 蔚委谓伪锟斤拷 伪蠀蟿蠈蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰尾伪委谓蔚喂 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 蔚谓苇蟻纬蔚喂伪 萎 蟺蟻维尉畏 魏维谓慰谓蟿伪蟼 魏伪位蠈 蟽蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 蔚喂蟼 尾维蟻慰蟼 蠈位蠅谓 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟺慰位慰委蟺蠅谓.
Profile Image for Aventinus.
55 reviews15 followers
April 8, 2017
危蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰谓慰渭萎 蟿慰蠀 蟺蟿蠀蠂委慰蠀 渭慰蠀, 渭伪味委 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟺维蟺蠀蟻慰 渭慰蠀, 渭慰蠀 苇未蠅蟽伪谓 蟿畏谓 螝伪喂谓萎 螖喂伪胃萎魏畏. 螠苇蠂蟻喂 蟽萎渭蔚蟻伪 未蔚谓 苇蠂蠅 魏伪蟿伪位维尾蔚喂 纬喂伪蟿委 蟿慰 蟺蟿蠀蠂委慰 渭慰蠀 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 蟽蠀谓慰未蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 伪蟺蠈 苇谓伪 胃蟻畏蟽魏蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 魏蔚委渭蔚谓慰. 螒谓 萎蟿伪谓 蟽蟿慰 蠂苇蟻喂 渭慰蠀, 伪谓蟿委 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 螝伪喂谓萎 螖喂伪胃萎魏畏, 胃伪 苇未喂谓伪 蟽蔚 蠈位慰蠀蟼 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 苇蟺伪喂蟻谓伪谓 蟺蟿蠀蠂委慰 苇谓伪 伪谓蟿委蟿蠀蟺慰 蟿慰蠀 芦螣喂 尾伪蟽喂魏慰委 谓蠈渭慰喂 蟿畏蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼禄. 韦慰 委未喂慰 胃伪 苇魏伪谓伪 魏伪喂 蟽蔚 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 蟿蔚位蔚委蠅谓伪谓 蟿慰 位蠉魏蔚喂慰. 螝伪喂 蟽蔚 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 蟺伪谓蟿蟻蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪谓. 螝伪喂 蟽蔚 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 蟺萎纬伪喂谓伪谓 谓伪 蠄畏蠁委蟽慰蠀谓. 螝伪喂 纬蔚谓喂魏维, 胃伪 苇未喂谓伪 伪蟺蠈 苇谓伪 伪谓蟿委蟿蠀蟺慰 蟽蔚 蠈位慰蠀蟼 蠈蟽慰蠀蟼 苇蠁蟿伪谓伪谓 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 蟽畏渭蔚委慰 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 蔚委蟿蔚 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 蟺维蟻慰蠀谓 渭委伪 渭蔚纬维位畏 伪蟺蠈蠁伪蟽畏, 蔚委蟿蔚 蟺慰蠀 尾委蠅谓伪谓 渭委伪 伪位位伪纬萎 蟽蟿畏谓 蟺慰蟻蔚委伪 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼.

螕喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪魏蟻委尾蔚喂伪, 蟿慰 芦螣喂 尾伪蟽喂魏慰委 谓蠈渭慰喂 蟿畏蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼禄 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 未喂伪尾维蟽慰蠀谓 蠈位慰喂 蟿慰蠀位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰谓 渭委伪 蠁慰蟻维 蟽蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪位位维 魏蠀蟻委蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 尉伪谓伪未喂伪尾维味慰蠀渭蔚 魏维胃蔚 蠁慰蟻维 谓喂蠋胃慰蠀渭蔚 未蠀蟽蟿蠀蠂喂蟽渭苇谓慰喂. 螖喂蠈蟿喂, 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰喂蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蟿伪 未喂伪纬蟻维渭渭伪蟿伪 蟺慰蠀 渭伪蟼 蟺伪蟻苇蠂蔚喂 蟽蟿慰 蟿苇位慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀, 委蟽蠅蟼 伪谓伪魏伪位蠉蠄慰蠀渭蔚 蟽魏位畏蟻苇蟼 伪位萎胃蔚喂蔚蟼.

螘蟺蔚喂未萎 苇谓伪 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰 尾喂尾位委慰 未蔚 胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽蔚 蟺伪蟻维 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蔚蟺委魏伪喂蟻慰, 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟿蠅 蟿畏谓 蟿蔚位蔚蠀蟿伪委伪 蟺伪蟻维纬蟻伪蠁蠈 蟿慰蠀:

芦危蔚 渭委伪 蠂蠋蟻伪 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟺维蟻蔚喂 蟿畏谓 魏维蟿蠅 尾蠈位蟿伪, 蟿慰 蟺慰蟽慰蟽蟿蠈 蟿蠅谓 畏位喂胃委蠅谓 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺蠅谓 蔚尉伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蔚委 谓伪 喂蟽慰蠉蟿伪喂 渭蔚 , 蠅蟽蟿蠈蟽慰 蟽蟿慰 蠀蟺蠈位慰喂蟺慰 蟺位畏胃蠀蟽渭蠈 蟺伪蟻伪蟿畏蟻蔚委蟿伪喂 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 伪蠀蟿蠋谓 蟺慰蠀 魏伪蟿苇蠂慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 渭喂伪 未蟻伪渭伪蟿喂魏萎 蔚尉维蟺位蠅蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟺位畏胃蠀蟽渭慰蠉 蟿蠅谓 螝伪魏慰蟺慰喂蠋谓 渭蔚 魏伪位蟺维味慰蠀蟽伪 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蠈蟽蠅谓 未蔚谓 渭蔚蟿苇蠂慰蠀谓 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 渭委伪 蔚尉委蟽慰蠀 伪谓畏蟽蠀蠂畏蟿喂魏萎 伪蠉尉畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟺位畏胃蠀蟽渭慰蠉 蟿蠅谓 螒谓蠉渭蟺慰蟻蠅谓 伪蟿蠈渭蠅谓. 韦苇蟿慰喂蔚蟼 渭蔚蟿伪尾慰位苇蟼 蟽蟿畏 蟽蠉谓胃蔚蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 渭畏 螚位委胃喂慰蠀 蟺位畏胃蠀蟽渭慰蠉 伪谓伪蟺蠈蠁蔚蠀魏蟿伪 蔚谓喂蟽蠂蠉慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻慰蠁喂魏萎 未蠉谓伪渭畏 蟿慰蠀 蟺慰蟽慰蟽蟿慰蠉 魏伪喂 魏伪胃喂蟽蟿慰蠉谓 蟿畏谓 蟺伪蟻伪魏渭萎 伪谓伪蟺蠈蠁蔚蠀魏蟿畏. 螝伪喂 畏 蠂蠋蟻伪 蟺维蔚喂 魏伪蟿维 未喂伪蠈位慰蠀.禄
Profile Image for Mochama Nyamwega.
9 reviews1 follower
August 4, 2015
Funny but too brief, loved this part:
"Whether the Second Basic Law is liked or not, however, its implications are frightening: the Law implies that whether you move in distinguished circles or you take refuge among the head-hunters of Polynesia, whether you lock yourself into a monastery or decide to spend the rest of your life in the company of beautiful and lascivious women, you always have to face the same percentage of stupid people鈥攚hich percentage (in accordance with the First Law) will always surpass your expectations."
Profile Image for Agapi.
155 reviews105 followers
January 10, 2017
危伪蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟺苇渭蟺蠅 蟽蔚 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 蟽蠀渭蠁蠅谓蠋 100%:
螝蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 Sub Sakoul

螛伪 萎胃蔚位伪 谓伪 蟽蠀渭蟺位畏蟻蠋蟽蠅 魏喂 维位位伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪, 伪位位维 胃蔚蠅蟻蠋 蠂维蟽喂渭慰 蠂蟻蠈谓慰蠀 伪魏蠈渭畏 魏伪喂 蟿慰 谓伪 伪蟽蠂慰位畏胃蠋 蟽慰尾伪蟻维 纬蟻维蠁慰谓蟿伪蟼 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 渭蔚 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎渭伪蟿伪.
Profile Image for Natalie.
287 reviews29 followers
August 13, 2020
韦蠈蟽慰 蔚蠉蟽蟿慰蠂慰 魏伪喂 伪位畏胃喂谓蠈 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 蟿蟻慰渭维味蔚喂..... "螠蔚纬维位慰" 尾喂尾位委慰!
Profile Image for Julio Pino.
1,170 reviews110 followers
January 28, 2023
"Consider that the average person is stupid. Now, consider that most people are below average."---George Carlin

Carlo Cipolla came to exactly the same conclusion as George, only he has the scientific data to back it up. Carlo defines stupidity much as Barbara Tuchman defined folly: "The pursuit of goals contrary to self-interest". To wit: 1. Intelligent people vastly underestimate how many stupid people there are around them. This includes lawyers, doctors, and naturally politicians, inter alia. 2. Stupid people can cause vast amounts of damage even in small numbers, or as Napoleon once proclaimed, "In battle, one bad general is worth thirty good ones". 3. Cipolla's most astounding find: Human stupidity is not correlated to anything else. Nothing at all. He does not mean the obvious connections, such as gender, race, age, geography, or even economic status. No. Stupidity can be found everywhere among all peoples and places. There are stupid Noble Prize winners; how else do you explain James Watson, the co-discoverer of DNA, championing the idea that Blacks are genetically inferior to whites? There are stupid U.S. presidents (no surprise there), among whom both Carter and Reagan rate very high on the human stupidity scale; and there are stupid world-renowned authors, from T.S. Eliot's and Ezra Pound's anti-semitism to William Butler Yeat's belief in ghosts and fairies. This timely book is both hilarious and shocking. It does much to illuminate the decline of the West since 1945. The late American comedian Gallager used to do a routine before his audience that began, "one out of every third of Americans is stupid. Now, look to your right and left. If you think these people are intelligent, well, then guess what...".
Profile Image for Sophia.
450 reviews60 followers
October 17, 2016
韦慰 蟽畏渭伪谓蟿喂魏蠈 渭蔚 蟿苇蟿慰喂伪 尾喂尾位委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 谓伪 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委蟼 谓伪 "伪尉喂慰位慰纬萎蟽蔚喂蟼" 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟽慰蠀 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿慰谓 "魏蟻委谓蔚喂蟼" 纬喂伪 谓伪 未蔚喂蟼 蟺慰喂慰蟼 蔚委蟽伪喂.
Profile Image for Ryan Boissonneault.
219 reviews2,264 followers
July 30, 2021
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines stupid as 鈥済iven to unintelligent decisions or acts,鈥� or alternatively as 鈥渁cting in an unintelligent or careless manner.鈥� Stupid people cause both intentional and unintentional harm or loss to others, even while deriving no gains (or even suffering losses) themselves. While stupid individuals are not necessarily malevolent, they nevertheless cause damage and represent a threat to society.

Both a study of human history and reflection on one鈥檚 own personal experiences confirm that stupidity is not exactly in short supply鈥攂ut does stupidity鈥檚 prevalence across time and space indicate that it operates according to basic universal laws? According to Italian economic historian and professor Carlo M. Cipolla, the answer is yes.

In The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity, Cipolla condenses years of related research into five iron laws of stupidity, which he claims are universal and independent of time and place. All five laws ultimately lead to Cipolla鈥檚 primary, disheartening conclusion: Regardless of who you associate with, you will always encounter the same proportion of stupid individuals in every group.

Let鈥檚 work through the five laws to see if this is a reasonable conclusion.
Law #1: The number of stupid individuals in circulation is always underestimated

The first law simply states that you will always underestimate the number of stupid individuals in which you must deal with. Since Cipolla does not present a numerical measure or estimate at this point in the book, the reader more or less has to take his word for it. I鈥檓 sure, however, that you can recall numerous instances of dealing with stupid individuals, and further, that you can recall examples of stupidity coming from unexpected places or from those once judged to be rational or intelligent.

If the amount of stupidity in your life has ever surprised you, then you have experienced the first law directly.
Law #2: Stupidity is independent of any other personal or professional characteristic

The second law states that stupidity is independent of race, class, gender, nationality, or education, and that the same proportion of stupid individuals is found in both blue-collar and white collar professions, whether in a group of janitors or in a group of Nobel laureates. Cipolla writes:

鈥淲hether I considered a large university or a small college, a famous institution or an obscure one, I found that the same fraction of the professors were stupid. So bewildered was I by the results that I made a special point to extend my research to a specially selected group, to a real elite, the Nobel laureates. The result confirmed Nature鈥檚 supreme powers: [the same] fraction of the Nobel laureates were stupid.鈥�

The problem for Cipolla is that, at this point in the book, 鈥渟tupid鈥� has not even been defined, let alone demonstrated. So when Cipolla states that a fraction of Nobel laureates are 鈥渟tupid,鈥� we don鈥檛 really know what he means, and further, we don鈥檛 know how his research methods were able to distinguish between 鈥渟tupid Nobel laureates鈥� versus 鈥渘on-stupid Nobel laureates.鈥� The reader is simply left guessing.

Later in the book, Cipolla will define a stupid person as one who creates losses for others while deriving no gains themselves, but if this is the case, the reader can ask the following question: Wouldn鈥檛 a Nobel laureate presumably be creating value for others through their work, or at least deriving personal gains, thus directly refuting Cipolla鈥檚 argument based on his own definiton of stupidity? This is something to think about as you move on to the third law.

Cipolla also makes references to experiments and research that confirm the idea that the proportion of stupid individuals is constant in every group, but we鈥檙e never made aware of what those studies are. It seems as if we鈥檙e just supposed to take his word for it, which makes for a rather weak, if not intuitively appealing, argument.

The second law, like the first, seems to hold intuitively, but we鈥檙e not given any empirical reasons to accept the claim, beyond vague references to 鈥渟tudies鈥� conducted by the author that are never shared or elaborated on. So while I鈥檓 certain that Cipolla is correct in his assertion that stupidity is independent of race, gender, and nationality, his assertion that stupidity is genetic and uninfluenced by education is far more questionable.
Law #3: Stupid people cause losses for others while deriving no gains themselves

The following table outlines the four personality types to which you may, on average, belong:
Gains (You) Losses (You)
Gains (Others) Intelligent Helpless
Losses (Others) Bandit Stupid

According to the table, if your actions provide gains for yourself and for others, you are an intelligent and contributing member to society; if your actions provide gains to yourself and losses to others, you鈥檙e a bandit; if your actions provide losses to yourself and gains to others, you鈥檙e helpless (or altruistic); and if your actions produce losses to both yourself and others, you鈥檙e stupid.

We can all think of personal examples of individuals who go out of their way to cause us unnecessary difficulties, embarrassment, or harm, all while gaining nothing for themselves (other than perhaps psychological satisfaction). This person鈥檚 behavior is typically irrational and unpredictable, and can only be fairly described as stupid.

I see no problem in conceding to the truth of this law, but this does not in itself confirm the truth of the first or second laws, which ultimately make unsupported empirical claims, or, if they are supported, the reader is never told how.
Law #4: Non-stupid people always underestimate the damaging power of stupid individuals

The fourth law states that non-stupid people consistently underestimate the damage stupid people can cause and falsely assume that stupid people will only harm themselves (like the helpless person in the table above). However, unlike the helpless person, the stupid person will create harm and losses for others, in addition to themselves, through unpredictable and irrational behavior. It is best, therefore, to deal with stupid people with caution, if at all.

Once again, history is replete with examples of stupid individuals creating incalculable harm, and one鈥檚 personal life is filled with similar examples of unexpected harm caused by sheer stupidity. We can safely conclude, therefore, that this law probably holds.
Law #5: A stupid person is the most dangerous type of person

The final law states that the stupid person is the most dangerous type of person, even more dangerous than the bandit. Recall that the bandit derives gains from the losses of others, which results in a transfer of wealth but not in an overall loss to society. Further, the bandits actions are rational (even if reprehensible), and therefore predictable. We can defend against the actions of bandits.

The stupid person, however, due to the unpredictability of their actions, is harder to defend against. Further, because they are creating losses for themselves and for others, the stupid person鈥檚 actions impoversh society as a whole.

The reader may question the legitimacy of this law. One need only think about the totalitarian dictators of twentieth-century history. By Cipolla鈥檚 own definition, these individuals are not stupid, they鈥檙e bandits. They orchestrated obscene levels of harm and destruction to benefit themselves by accumulating power, resources, and land. Of course, whether one defines someone as stupid or as a bandit is a matter of definition, so it could be said that the dictator who creates disproportional harm to others, compared to what they receive in personal gains, is therefore stupid. With this more inclusive definition, we can agree to the legitimacy of the fifth law.
Is stupidity genetically determined?

It鈥檚 admittedly very difficult to determine how seriously to take this book. Are we simply dealing with a tongue-in-cheek polemic, or a serious academic essay? The fact that the laws are based on Cipolla鈥檚 own academic research and the research of others suggests that it should be taken seriously. Additionally, the laws have an intuitive appeal and seem to match personal experience.

On the other hand, not one specific study is referenced. No examples are provided. And, most importantly, no explanation is offered as to how groups were formally analyzed to differentiate 鈥渟tupid鈥� from 鈥渘on-stupid鈥� people.

This is specifically a problem for the first two laws, and for Cipolla鈥檚 assertion that the fraction of stupid people will always remain constant, as this is genetically determined. In other words, if you鈥檙e born stupid, Cipolla is telling you that there is no amount of education that can ever change that fact.

I think this is almost certainly false. It鈥檚 highly unlikely that no one has ever gone from stupid (creating losses for others without any corresponding personal gains) to non-stupid through the pursuit of higher education or other morally-formative experiences. I鈥檓 sure you can think of personal examples yourself, fairly easily.

It鈥檚 disappointing to see Cipolla fall for the false dichotomy that is the nature/nurture debate. One鈥檚 beliefs and actions result from a complex mixture of genetics, environment, culture, and learning, and therefore any statement that places the blame for one鈥檚 actions or personality on either nature or nurture exclusively is almost certainly wrong.

Overall, Cipolla makes a strong intuitive case for the prevalence of stupidity and for the fact that stupid people are often dangerous and underestimated, and that a certain proportion of individuals are predisposed to stupidity. But the idea that education and culture have no role whatsoever to play in reforming stupidity on a person-by-person basis is far less persuasive.
Profile Image for Stelios K.
4 reviews4 followers
August 24, 2018
TL;TR: 螝伪蟿维 蟿畏 纬谓蠋渭畏 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 胃伪 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚谓慰蠂位畏蟿喂魏蠈 纬喂伪 慰蟺慰喂慰谓未萎蟺慰蟿蔚 渭蔚 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚喂蠋未畏 伪谓伪位蠀蟿喂魏萎 蟽魏苇蠄畏. 螣蠉蟿蔚 蟿喂渭维 蟿慰谓 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 蟺慰蠀 蟿慰 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 苇蟿蟽喂, 慰蠉蟿蔚 魏伪喂 喂魏伪谓慰蟺慰喂蔚委 魏伪谓苇谓伪谓 畏位委胃喂慰 萎 渭畏. 螘委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 蠁喂维蟽魏慰 伪位伪味慰谓喂魏慰蠉 蠉蠁慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 伪谓 蟿慰 未喂维尾伪味蔚 苇谓伪蟼 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻慰蟼 蟺位畏胃蠀蟽渭蠈蟼, 畏 魏慰喂谓蠈蟿畏蟿伪 胃伪 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂味蠈蟿伪谓 蔚蠀胃苇蠅蟼 蠅蟼 蟿慰尉喂魏萎. 螕谓蠋渭畏 渭慰蠀.

螒谓 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿慰 魏蟻委谓蔚喂 蟽慰尾伪蟻维, 伪蠁喂蔚蟻蠋谓蔚喂 苇谓伪 40位蔚蟺蟿慰 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 味蠅萎 蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 魏蔚委渭蔚谓慰 渭蔚 尾伪蟻蠉纬未慰蠀蟺蔚蟼 未畏位蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蠈渭蠅蟼 谓伪 蟺伪蟻苇蠂蔚喂 蟺畏纬苇蟼 纬喂伪 魏维蟺慰喂伪 位蔚纬蠈渭蔚谓伪 萎 蟺伪蟻伪蟺慰渭蟺苇蟼 蟽蔚 维位位伪 尾喂尾位委伪, 蔚魏蟿蠈蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓 蔚蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿慰 纬喂伪 伪蟺慰蠁胃苇纬渭伪蟿伪, 纬喂伪 蟿伪 慰蟺慰委伪 蟺位萎蟻蠅蟼 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟿蔚喂 蟺位畏蟻慰蠁慰蟻委蔚蟼 蔚魏蟿蠈蟼 蟽蠋渭伪蟿慰蟼 魏蔚喂渭苇谓慰蠀, 位蔚蟼 魏伪喂 畏 蔚蟺委魏位畏蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 伪蠀胃蔚谓蟿委伪 苇蠂蔚喂 魏维蟺慰喂伪 伪尉委伪 纬喂伪 苇谓伪谓 渭畏 畏位委胃喂慰 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰. 螒位位维 委蟽蠅蟼 谓伪 渭畏谓 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蟿慰 魏蟻委谓蔚喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟽伪谓 渭喂伪 蟽慰尾伪蟻萎 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂慰位慰纬喂魏萎 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻维, 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎 蟺慰蠀 伪谓 魏伪喂 慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 苇谓伪谓-未蠉慰 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏慰蠉蟼 蠈蟻慰蠀蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 蟽蠀位位慰纬喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 魏伪蟿伪位伪尾伪委谓蔚喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蠈蟿喂 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 喂未苇伪 蟿喂 蔚蟽蟿委 伪魏蠈渭伪 魏伪喂 畏 位苇尉畏 "蟺慰蟽慰蟽蟿蠈".
螉蟽蠅蟼 谓伪 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蟿慰 魏蟻委谓慰蠀渭蔚 伪蟽蠈尾伪蟻伪, 蟽伪谓 苇谓伪 伪蟺位蠈 蠂喂慰蠀渭慰蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 魏蔚喂渭蔚谓维魏喂 纬喂伪 苇谓伪 未喂伪蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈 蟺蟻蠈尾位畏渭伪 蟿慰蠀 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 渭伪蟼. 韦蠈蟿蔚 畏 蔚喂魏蠈谓伪 蟺慰蠀 未委谓蔚喂 慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚魏蔚委谓畏 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 伪蠀胃伪委蟻蔚蟿伪 尉蔚蠂蠅蟻委味蔚喂 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蟻伪尾维蔚喂 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 渭伪味委 蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 蟺伪蟻蠅未委伪 蔚纬蠅蟺维胃蔚喂伪蟼 魏伪喂 蠀蟺慰尾喂尾伪蟽渭慰蠉 蔚谓蠈蟼 伪蠈蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠀 "维位位慰蠀" 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪. 韦喂 蔚谓谓慰蠋; 危蔚 蠈位慰 蟿慰 尾喂尾位喂伪蟻维魏喂 蠀蟺维蟻蠂蔚喂 渭喂伪 蠀蟺慰未蠈蟻喂伪 蔚喂蟻蠅谓蔚委伪, 苇谓伪 魏慰蟻慰蠆未蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 纬蔚位维魏喂 蟺慰蠀 尾位苇蟺蔚喂蟼 蟽蠀谓萎胃蠅蟼 蟽蔚 蠄蠋谓喂伪 蟺慰蠀 谓慰渭委味慰蠀谓 蠈蟿喂 蠀蟺蔚蟻苇蠂慰蠀谓 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 纬蠉蟻蠅 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螤蠈蟽慰 未喂伪蟽魏蔚未伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 蠂喂慰蠀渭慰蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 魏蔚喂渭蔚谓维魏喂 纬喂伪 苇谓伪谓 "位慰纬喂魏蠈 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰", 蠈蟿伪谓 蠁蠅谓维味蔚喂 蠈蟿喂 苇蠂蔚喂 纬蟻伪蠁蟿蔚委 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻蠁委伪位畏 魏慰渭蟺慰蟻蟻畏渭慰蟽蠉谓畏 蔚谓蠈蟼 渭维位位慰谓 畏位委胃喂慰蠀 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀; 螕喂伪蟿委 蟿慰谓 位苇蠅 畏位委胃喂慰; 螕喂伪蟿委 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏谓 纬谓蠋渭畏 渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚委蟿蔚 纬喂伪 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼 蔚委蟿蔚 纬喂伪 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 伪谓伪委蟽胃畏蟿慰蠀蟼 蔚委蟿蔚 纬喂伪 蠁伪谓蟿伪蟽渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 谓慰渭委味慰蠀谓 蠈蟿喂 未喂伪尾维味慰谓蟿伪蟼 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 "魏伪蟿伪位伪尾伪委谓慰蠀谓" 蟿慰蠀蟼 纬蠉蟻蠅 蟿慰蠀蟼 - 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼. 螤慰喂慰蟼 蔚委渭伪喂 蔚纬蠋 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 蟿慰谓 魏蟻委谓蠅; 螝维蟺慰喂慰蟼 慰 慰蟺慰委慰蟼 魏伪蟿伪位伪尾伪委谓蔚喂 蠈蟿喂 伪魏蠈渭伪 魏伪喂 蟿慰 魏伪位蠈 蠂喂慰蠉渭慰蟻 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 魏蟻蠉尾蔚喂 魏维蟺慰喂伪 蟿伪蟺蔚喂谓蠈蟿畏蟿伪.
螒位位维 伪蟼 蠁苇蟻蠅 蟿畏 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 渭慰蠀 蟽蟿伪 渭苇蟿蟻伪 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 伪蠀蟿慰蠉 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟺蔚蟻伪蟺位慰蠀蟽蟿蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠋谓 未喂伪纬蟻伪渭渭维蟿蠅谓 纬喂伪 蔚谓 纬苇谓蔚喂 蟺蔚蟻委蟺位慰魏蔚蟼 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委蔚蟼. 螣 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蟽魏喂伪纬蟻伪蠁蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 蠅胃蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 谓伪 蠄维蠂谓蔚喂 蟿畏谓 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟺伪谓蟿慰蠉 纬蠉蟻蠅 蟿慰蠀 (尾位苇蟺蔚 蟺伪蟻维蟻蟿畏渭伪) 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 渭苇蟽伪 蟿慰蠀, 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬蔚委 渭喂伪 "魏位委魏伪" 蟽蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 尾维味蔚喂 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈, 魏伪喂 渭喂伪 维位位畏 魏维蟽蟿伪 维蟽畏渭蠅谓 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺蠅谓 蟿慰蠀蟼 慰蟺慰委慰蠀蟼 蔚尉蔚蠀蟿蔚位委味蔚喂 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 伪谓伪未蔚喂魏谓蠉慰谓蟿伪蟼, 伪谓蟿喂蟽蟿蟻蠈蠁蠅蟼 伪谓维位慰纬伪, 蟿畏 魏位委魏伪 蟿慰蠀. 螒蠀蟿蠈蟼 慰 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼 胃伪 蟺蔚蟻喂纬蟻伪蠁蠈蟿伪谓 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 蟽蠀位位慰纬喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 渭蔚 尾维蟽畏 蟿慰 螖喂维纬蟻伪渭渭伪 1 蠅蟼 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蟽蠀谓伪喂蟽胃畏渭伪蟿喂魏维 "魏伪魏慰蟺慰喂蠈蟼". 螘蟺蔚喂未萎 蠈渭蠅蟼 蔚纬蠋 未蔚谓 蔚委渭伪喂 慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼, 魏伪喂 蔚委蟺伪 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 蔚委蟺伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟺维谓蠅, 胃伪 蟿慰谓 尾维位蠅 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 伪渭蠁喂尾慰位委伪 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蟽蠀谓伪喂蟽胃畏渭伪蟿喂魏维 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼 纬喂伪 蟿慰蠀蟼 蔚尉萎蟼, 蟺位苇慰谓 委蟽蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蠁伪谓蔚委蟼, 位蠈纬慰蠀蟼:
1) 魏维谓蔚喂 蟿慰蠀蟼 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼, 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪 魏伪蟿' 伪蠀蟿蠈谓 纬蔚渭维蟿畏 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰蠀蟼, 谓伪 谓慰渭委味慰蠀谓 蠈蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 慰喂 委未喂慰喂 苇尉蠀蟺谓慰喂
2) 蟽蟿伪 渭维蟿喂伪 蔚谓蠈蟼 苇蟽蟿蠅 魏伪喂 渭蔚蟿蟻委蠅蟼 蟽魏蔚蟺蟿蠈渭蔚谓慰蠀 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀 蟺伪蟻慰蠀蟽喂维味蔚蟿伪喂 伪位伪味蠈谓伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓伪蟽蠁伪位蠋蟼 蔚位喂蟿喂蟽蟿萎蟼.
螝慰喂谓蠋蟼, 未蔚 魏维谓蔚喂 魏伪位蠈 慰蠉蟿蔚 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚喂魏蠈谓伪 蟿慰蠀, 慰蠉蟿蔚 蟽蟿畏 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委伪.
螒蟼 渭畏谓 蔚委渭伪喂 维未喂魏慰蟼, 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 未蠉慰 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蠀蟺维蟻蠂慰蠀谓 魏维蟺慰喂蔚蟼 蔚蠉蟽蟿慰蠂蔚蟼 蠁蟻伪蟽慰蠉位蔚蟼. 螛伪 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蠅 渭喂伪, 畏 慰蟺慰委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪喂 蟿慰 渭蠈谓慰 蟺蟻维纬渭伪 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 萎胃蔚位伪 谓伪 渭慰蠀 渭蔚委谓蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 伪蠀蟿萎 蟿畏谓, 蔚蠀蟿蠀蠂蠋蟼 蟽蠀谓蟿慰渭蠈蟿伪蟿畏, 蔚魏谓蔚蠀蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏萎 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏. 螒蠀蟿萎 畏 渭喂伪 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 慰蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 畏位委胃喂慰蠀, 蟺慰蠀 未委谓蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蟿伪渭蟺苇位伪 蟿慰蠀 韦蟻委蟿慰蠀 螡蠈渭慰蠀. 螛蔚蠅蟻蠋 蠈蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蟻魏蔚蟿维 位伪魏蠅谓喂魏蠈蟼 魏伪喂 魏维位蠀蠄蔚 蟿畏谓 伪蟻蠂喂魏萎 伪蟺慰蟻委伪 蟺慰蠀 蔚委蠂伪, 蟺蠅蟼 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 慰 魏蠉蟻喂慰蟼 伪蠀蟿蠈蟼 谓伪 魏蟻委谓蔚喂 苇蟽蟿蠅 魏伪喂 伪蠈蟻喂蟽蟿伪 蟿喂 魏伪胃喂蟽蟿维 魏维蟺慰喂慰谓 畏位委胃喂慰.
螖蔚谓 蠀蟺慰蟽蟿畏蟻委味蠅 蟿畏谓 蟺伪蟺维蟿味伪 蟿慰蠀 "渭畏 魏蟻委谓蔚喂蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 渭畏 魏蟻喂胃蔚委蟼". 螌位慰喂 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 魏蟻委谓慰蠀渭蔚 纬喂伪蟿委 蠈位慰喂 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 魏蟻喂谓蠈渭伪蟽蟿蔚. 螒蠀蟿萎 畏 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 蠈渭蠅蟼 未蔚谓 伪尉委味蔚喂 渭喂伪 伪谓 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻蔚蟺蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 魏伪位慰蟺蟻慰伪委蟻蔚蟿畏. 螝伪喂 慰 位蠈纬慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蟺位蠈蟼. 螚 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻蔚蟺蟿喂魏萎 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 (蔚蟺委 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪蟻蠈谓蟿慰蟼, 伪蠀蟿萎 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 纬喂伪 蟿慰蠀蟼 畏位委胃喂慰蠀蟼) 蔚蟺喂蠁苇蟻蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿畏 蟽蔚喂蟻维 蟿畏蟼 魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿蟻蔚蟺蟿喂魏萎 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 (蔚蟺委 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪蟻蠈谓蟿慰蟼, 蟿畏 未喂魏萎 渭慰蠀 纬喂伪 蟿慰谓 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪). 螆蟿蟽喂 慰喂 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委蔚蟼 未蔚谓 蟺蟻慰蠂蠅蟻维谓蔚, 伪蟺位维 尉蔚魏伪蟿喂谓喂维味慰谓蟿伪喂 魏伪喂 纬蔚渭委味慰蠀谓 蔚纬蠅蟺伪胃蔚委蟼 魏伪喂 慰蟺伪未喂魏慰蠉蟼. 螝慰喂谓蠋蟼, 纬委谓慰谓蟿伪喂 魏慰喂谓蠅谓委蔚蟼 畏位喂胃委蠅谓.
Profile Image for Robert.
109 reviews26 followers
February 25, 2025
Una dintre cele mai scurte c膬r葲i citite vreodat膬,dar una dintre cele mai directe 葯i pline de adev膬r.
Cu o rigoare matematica 葯i cu o subtilitate ,dar mai ales cu o elegan葲膬 ie葯ite din comun ,Carlo Cipolla realizeaz膬 o hart膬-ghid al vie葲ii 葯i al oamenilor pe care to葲i ar trebui s膬 o citim 葯i purta 卯n permanen葲膬 cu noi.
Nu sunt prea multe de zis despre aceast膬 carte pentru c膬 ea trebuie citit膬 葯i povestit膬.
Profile Image for Christine Goudroupi.
143 reviews87 followers
July 11, 2016
韦伪 蟽蠀纬蠂伪蟻畏蟿萎蟻喂伪 渭慰蠀 蟽蟿慰谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺蠈蟻蔚蟽蔚 谓伪 慰蟻委蟽蔚喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪蟺位维, 渭伪胃畏渭伪蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽蟿喂魏维 蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪.

螒蟺蠈 蟿伪 位委纬伪 尾喂尾位委伪 蟺慰蠀 蔚魏 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟽蟿苇蟻蠅谓 蟽蠀谓蔚喂未畏蟿慰蟺慰喂蠋 蠈蟿喂 蟿伪 蔚委蠂伪 蠀蟺慰蟿喂渭萎蟽蔚喂. 韦慰 蔚蟺伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蠅 蟽蔚 蟽蠀味畏蟿萎蟽蔚喂蟼 魏维胃蔚 蠁慰蟻维 蟺慰蠀 渭慰蠀 未委谓蔚蟿伪喂 畏 蔚蠀魏伪喂蟻委伪. 螒蟺蠈位蠀蟿慰蟼 慰未畏纬蠈蟼 魏伪蟿伪谓蠈畏蟽畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 尾位伪魏蔚委伪蟼, 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蠂蟻萎蟽喂渭慰.
Profile Image for Nashelito.
248 reviews216 followers
November 1, 2024
鈥嬓ρ� 泻薪懈谐褍 胁邪褉褌芯 斜褍谢芯 斜 胁懈写邪褌懈 褍泻褉邪褩薪褋褜泻芯褞 屑芯胁芯褞 蟹薪邪褔薪芯 褉邪薪褨褕械 鈥� 褟泻褉邪蟹 薪邪锌械褉械写芯写薪褨 2019 褉芯泻褍, 锌械褉械写 褌懈屑 胁褨泻芯锌芯屑薪懈屑 邪谢械 褑褨谢泻芯胁懈褌芯 胁褋褉邪褌懈屑 械谢械泻褌芯褉邪谢褜薪懈屑 锌芯写胁懈谐芯屑 褍泻褉邪褩薪褑褨胁, 褟泻懈泄 褨 褋褌邪胁 薪械屑懈薪褍褔械 斜褍泻胁邪谢褜薪懈屑 胁褌褨谢械薪薪褟屑 褔械褌胁械褉褌芯谐芯 蟹邪泻芯薪褍 写褍褉芯褋褌褨 鈥� "袧械写褍褉薪褨 蟹邪胁卸写懈 薪械写芯芯褑褨薪褞褞褌褜 褉褍泄薪褨胁薪褍 褋懈谢褍 写褍褉薪褨胁. 袟芯泻褉械屑邪, 薪械写褍褉薪褨 褋褏懈谢褜薪褨 蟹邪斜褍胁邪褌懈, 褖芯 斜褍写褜-褟泻懈泄 蟹胁'褟蟹芯泻 蟹 写褍褉薪械屑 鈥� 薪械蟹邪谢械卸薪芯 胁褨写 屑褨褋褑褟, 褔邪褋褍 褌邪 芯斜褋褌邪胁懈薪 鈥� 褍 锌褨写褋褍屑泻褍 写芯褉芯谐芯 褩屑 芯斜褨泄写械褌褜褋褟".

孝械, 褖芯 褑械泄 胁懈斜褨褉 泻芯褕褌褍胁邪褌懈屑械 薪邪屑 写褍卸械 褨 写褍卸械 写芯褉芯谐芯 鈥� 薪械写褍褉薪懈屑 谢褞写褟屑 斜褍谢芯 芯褔械胁懈写薪芯 褨 锌械褉械写 胁懈斜芯褉邪屑懈, 褨 褔械褉械蟹 褋褌芯 写薪褨胁 褕邪锌褨褌芯谢褨褞, 邪 褔械褉械蟹 锌'褟褌褜 褉芯泻褨胁 锌褉邪泻褌懈褔薪芯 薪械 蟹邪谢懈褕懈谢芯褋褟 褕邪薪褋褨胁 薪邪 锌芯褉褟褌褍薪芯泻 鈥� 褍褌褨屑 褔懈屑邪谢芯 薪褨斜懈 薪械锌芯谐邪薪懈褏, 邪谢械 写褍褉薪懈褏 谢褞写械泄, 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褋褜芯谐芯写薪褨, 胁卸械 薪邪 锌芯褔邪褌泻褍 褕芯褋褌芯谐芯 褉芯泻褍 褑褨褦褩 "褕泻芯写懈 褨薪褕懈屑 薪械 谢懈褕械 斜械蟹 胁懈谐芯写懈 写谢褟 褋械斜械, 邪谢械 泄 褋芯斜褨 薪邪 褕泻芯写褍", 蟹邪谢懈褕邪褞褌褜褋褟 褋谢褨锌懈屑懈 褨 谐谢褍褏懈屑懈. 袧械胁卸械 褑械泄 啸褉械褋褌芯胁懈泄 锌芯褏褨写 写褨褌械泄 XX袉 褋褌. 屑褨谐 蟹邪泻褨薪褔懈褌懈褋褟 褟泻芯褋褜 泻褉邪褖械 蟹邪 褌芯泄, 泻芯褌褉懈泄 锌芯褔懈薪邪胁褋褟 薪邪 锌芯褔邪褌泻褍 谢褨褌邪 1212 褉芯泻褍?

袣薪懈谐邪 袣邪褉谢芯 效褨锌芯谢谢懈 "袟邪泻芯薪懈 写褍褉芯褋褌褨 谢褞写褋褜泻芯褩" 蟹褉芯斜谢械薪邪 泻褉邪褋懈胁芯褞, 褌邪泻褌懈谢褜薪芯褞 褨 褋褏芯卸芯褞 薪邪 邪褉褌械褎邪泻褌. 效懈褌邪褦褌褜褋褟 胁芯薪邪 屑械薪褕 薪褨卸 蟹邪 谐芯写懈薪褍 褨 胁锌褉芯写芯胁卸 褑褨褦褩 谐芯写懈薪懈 蟹写邪褦褌褜褋褟 褌邪泻懈屑 褋芯斜褨 薪械褋泻褨薪褔械薪薪懈屑 褕械褋褌懈写械褋褟褌懈褏胁懈谢懈薪薪懈屑 卸邪褉褌芯屑, 邪卸 写芯泻懈 薪械 锌芯屑褨褔邪褦褕, 褟泻 褨谢褞褋褌褉邪褑褨褩 蟹 泻薪懈谐懈 械泻褋褌褉邪锌芯谢褞褞褌褜褋褟 薪邪 写芯胁泻芯谢懈褕薪褨泄 褋胁褨褌 褨 褉芯蟹褍屑褨褦褕, 褖芯 胁卸械 薪褨泻芯谢懈 薪械 蟹屑芯卸械褕 褑褜芯谐芯 褉芯蟹斜邪褔懈褌懈.

袙卸械 锌褨褋谢褟 褌芯谐芯, 褟泻 褟 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪胁 褑褞 泻薪懈谐褍... 斜邪 薪褨 鈥� 褑械 泻薪懈卸械薪褟, 胁褋械薪褜泻懈泄 褋胁褨褌, 褋泻谢邪写械薪懈泄 蟹 锌褉芯褋褌邪泻褨胁, 褉芯蟹褍屑薪懈褏, 蟹谢芯写褨褩胁 褨 写褍褉薪褨胁, 蟹邪褌邪屑褍胁邪胁褕懈 锌芯写懈褏 褋谢褨写泻褍胁邪胁 蟹邪 写械斜邪褌邪屑懈 褌械锌械褉褨褕薪褜芯谐芯 褨 泻芯谢懈褕薪褜芯谐芯, 邪 褌邪泻芯卸, 薪邪 卸邪谢褜 褨 褕泻芯写褍 写谢褟 褑褨谢芯褩 薪邪褕芯褩 锌谢邪薪械褌懈, 薪邪泄褨屑芯胁褨褉薪褨褕芯谐芯 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯谐芯 袩褉械蟹懈写械薪褌邪 小楔袗, 屑芯卸薪邪 斜褍谢芯 锌芯褔褍褌懈, 褟泻 胁褋褨 锌'褟褌褜 蟹邪泻芯薪褨胁 谢褞写褋褜泻芯褩 写褍褉芯褋褌褨 泻邪褉斜褍褞褌褜褋褟 薪邪 褌胁械褉写褨 薪械斜械褋薪芯谐芯 褋泻谢械锌褨薪薪褟 褨 薪邪胁褨褌褜 褋邪屑邪 袟械屑谢褟, 蟹 泻芯卸薪懈屑 薪械褋褌褉懈屑薪懈屑 蟹褉褍褕械薪薪褟屑 胁邪卸械谢褨胁 械谢械泻褌芯褉邪谢褜薪懈褏 褋懈屑锌邪褌褨泄 褍 斜褨泻 蟹谢芯写褨褟 褌邪 写褍褉薪褟 鈥� 薪械屑懈薪褍褔械 锌谢邪褋泻褨褕邪褦, 邪 泻芯卸械薪, 褏褌芯 褋褌褍锌邪褌懈屑械 胁 谐褍褋褌褨 褌邪 薪械锌械胁薪褨 褌褨薪褨 薪邪褕芯谐芯 褋锌褨谢褜薪芯谐芯 屑邪泄斜褍褌薪褜芯谐芯, 薪械褏邪泄 谢懈褕邪褦 薪邪写褨褞 锌械褉械写 锌芯褉芯谐芯屑 鈥� 胁 薪芯胁芯屑褍 褔褍写械褋薪芯屑褍 褋胁褨褌褨 褩泄 薪械 斜褍写械 屑褨褋褑褟.
Profile Image for Wissal H.
1,076 reviews427 followers
March 14, 2024
賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賲丐乇禺 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱丕賷胤丕賱賷 賰丕乇賱賵 卮賷亘賵賱丕 毓賳 兀爻賵亍 賲禺丕賵賮賳丕: 賷賲賰賳 賱賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 兀賳 賷丨賰賲賵丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲
丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳

鉃� 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 丕賱兀賵賱:
丕賱丕睾亘賷丕亍 賱丕 丨氐乇 賱賴賲

鉃� 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 丕賱孬丕賳賷:
丕丨鬲賲丕賱賷丞 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 卮禺氐 賲丕 睾亘賷丕 賲爻鬲賯賱丞 毓賳 兀賷 爻賲丞 兀禺乇賶 賷鬲氐賮 亘賴丕 賴匕丕 丕賱卮禺氐.
丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 賴賷 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱 丕賱兀賵賱 毓賳 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 亘賷賳 丕賱亘卮乇 毓賱賶 賰賵賰亘 丕賱兀乇囟 賵 鬲丨丿賷丿丕 鬲賵丕乇孬 丕賱睾亘丕亍 噩賷賳賷丕 賵賱賷爻 賱兀賷丞 賯賵賶 兀賵 毓賵丕賲賱 孬賯丕賮賷丞 賷丿 賮賷 匕丕賱賰.

賵賴賵 賷鬲賵夭毓 鬲賵夭毓丕 賲鬲賲丕孬賱丕 賵賮賯 賳爻亘丞 孬丕亘鬲丞 賵毓賱賶 賲乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺. 賲賴賲丕 丕禺鬲賱賮 丕賱毓乇賯 兀賵 丕賱賱賵賳 兀賵 賵 賲賴賲丕 賰丕賳 丕賱兀夭賵丕噩 賲鬲胤賵乇賷賳 兀賵 賲鬲禺賱賮賷賳 賮賳爻亘丞 賵賱丕丿丞 丕賱廿賳丕孬 賵丕賱匕賰賵乇 孬丕亘鬲丞 賮賷 賰賱 兀賳丨丕亍 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賲毓 睾賱亘丞 胤賮賷賮丞 賱賱匕賰賵乇 (賵賴匕丕 賲丕 賮丕噩兀賳賷 亘賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱兀賳 丨爻亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲賷 賳爻亘丞 丕賱廿賳丕孬 賴賷 丕賱兀賰亘乇 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵 賱賷爻 丕賱匕賰賵乇 賱賰賳 丕賱賱賴 兀毓賱賲)

賰賲丕 爻賱胤 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱鬲噩丕乇亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀噩乇賷鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賮賷 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱噩丕賲毓丕鬲 兀賳 丨爻丕亘 賳爻亘丞 丕賱睾亘丕亍 賱賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱毓丕賲賱丞 賵 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 亘丕毓鬲亘丕乇賴丕 胤亘賯丞 賱賲 鬲鬲賱賯賶 鬲毓賱賷賲 匕丕 噩賵丿丞 兀賵 賱賲 鬲鬲賱賯丕賴 賲賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 賱毓丕賲賱 丕賱賮賯乇貙 賱賰賳 丕賱賲賮丕噩兀丞 兀賳 賳爻亘丞 丕賱睾亘丕亍 馗賱鬲 孬丕亘鬲丞 丨鬲賶 亘賷賳 丕賱賲賵馗賮賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲賱賯賵丕 鬲毓賱賷賲賴賲 丕賱噩丕賲毓賷 賮賷 丕賱噩丕賲毓丕鬲.

亘賱 卮賲賱鬲 丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱亘卮乇賷 毓丿丿丕 賲賳 兀爻丕鬲匕丞 丕賱噩丕賲毓丕鬲 丕賱賲賴賲丞 賵 爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 鬲賴鬲賲 亘噩丕賲毓丕鬲 賰亘賷乇丞 兀賵 氐睾賷乇丞 賵 爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賲毓丕賴丿 賲毓乇賵賮丞 兀賲 賱丕 賮賳賮爻 賳爻亘丞 丕賱睾亘丕亍 孬丕亘鬲丞 賱丕 鬲鬲睾賷乇 貙 亘賱 賵氐賱 噩賳賵賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘賯賷丕爻 丕賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賱賳禺亘丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵 賴賲 丕賱丨丕卅夭賷賳 毓賱賶 噩丕卅夭丞 賳賵亘賱 賮賷 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲 賵 賰丕賳鬲 賳爻亘丞 丕賱丕睾亘賷丕亍 賮賷賴賲 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賵孬丕亘鬲丞 兀賷囟丕 賰睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱賮卅丕鬲.

賮氐賱 賲賴賲 噩丿丕 賵賴賵 賮氐賱 禺丕氐 亘鬲毓乇賷賮 賲毓賳賶 丕賱睾亘丕亍 丕賱亘卮乇賷 兀氐賱丕 :
"賷丨賯賯 賰賱 賲賳丕 賮毓賱丕賸 賲丕 兀賵 丕賱丕賲鬲賳丕毓 毓賳 賮毓賱 賲丕 賲賰爻亘丕 兀賵 禺爻丕乇丞 賵賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 毓賷賳賴 賷鬲爻亘亘 亘鬲丨賯賷賯 賲賰爻亘 兀賵 禺爻丕乇丞 賱卮禺氐 丌禺乇 ".

鉃� 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 賵 丕賱匕賴亘賷 :
賴賳丕賰 兀乇亘毓 賮卅丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱亘卮乇

馃煝 丕賱兀匕賰賷丕亍 : Intelligent
鬲氐乇賮 丕賱卮禺氐 賷賰爻亘賴 賲賰爻亘 賱賴 賵賱賰
馃煚 賯胤丕毓 丕賱胤乇賯 : Bandit
鬲氐乇賮 丕賱卮禺氐 賷賰爻亘賴 賴賵 賵 賷爻亘亘 禺爻丕乇丞 賱賰.
馃數 丕賱賲睾賱賵亘賷賳 毓賱賶 兀賲乇賴賲: Helpless
丕賱鬲氐乇賮 丕賱卮禺氐 賷賰亘丿賴 禺爻丕乇丞 賵 賷丨賯賯 賲賰爻亘丕 賱丿賷賰.
馃敶丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍: Stupid
鬲氐乇賮 丕賱卮禺氐 賷賰亘丿賴 禺爻丕乇丞 賱賴 賵賱賰.

孬賲 禺氐氐 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮氐賱丕 賰丕賲賱丕 毓賳 丕賱鬲賵夭毓 丕賱鬲賰乇丕乇賷 賱賱兀乇亘毓 賮卅丕鬲 賮賲賳 丕賱賲賲賰賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 卮禺氐 賲丕 匕賰賷丕 賮賷 賲賵賯賮 賲毓賷賳 賵 賯丕胤毓 胤乇賯 兀賵 賲睾賱賵亘 毓賱賶 兀賲乇賴 賮賷 賲賵賯賮 丌禺乇.


馃挰 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 毓賳 丕賱睾亘丕亍 賵 丕賱爻賱胤丞

"毓賱賶 睾乇丕乇 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賷鬲亘丕賷賳 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 鬲亘丕賷賳丕 卮丿賷丿丕 賮賷 賯丿乇鬲賴賲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲兀孬賷乇 賮賷 廿禺賵丕賳賴賲 賲賳 丕賱亘卮乇."

廿賱丨丕賯 丕賱禺爻丕卅乇 賵 丕賱兀囟乇丕乇 賲乇賵毓丞 賵賵丕爻毓丞 丕賱賳胤丕賯 賶卮禺氐 賲毓賷賳 兀賵 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 兀賵 丨鬲賶 噩賲丕毓丕鬲 賵 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 亘兀爻乇賴丕 賴賷 丨賯賷賯丞 鬲賵賱賷 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 賰乇丕爻賷 丕賱爻賱胤丞.
丕賱毓丕賲賱 丕賱賵乇丕孬賷 賵 賯賵丞 賵兀賴賲賷丞 賲賳氐亘 丕賱爻賱胤丞 賱丿賶 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱睾亘賷 賴賲丕 丕賱毓丕賲賱丕賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丕賳 賱鬲賮卮賷 禺爻丕卅乇 噩爻賷賲丞 爻亘亘賴丕 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 匕賵賷 爻賱胤丞 賵 賳賮賵匕.

馃挰 爻賱胤丞 丕賱睾亘丕亍 :
"丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 禺胤乇賵賳 賵 賲囟乇賵賳 兀爻丕爻丕賸 賱兀賳 丕賱毓賯賱丕亍 賷噩丿賵賳 氐毓賵亘丞 賮賷 鬲氐賵乇 丕賱爻賱賵賰 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賯亘賵賱 賵賮賴賲賴."

鬲氐乇賮丕鬲 賲賳丿賮毓丞 賵 睾賷乇 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵 賲丐匕賷丞 丿賵賳 丿丕毓賷 兀賵 爻亘亘 兀賵 賲賰爻亘.

鉃� 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 丕賱乇丕亘毓:
"丿丕卅賲丕 賲丕 賷賯賱賱 睾賷乇 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 賲賳 卮兀賳 賯丿乇丞 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 毓賱賶 廿賱丨丕賯 丕賱兀匕賶. 賰賲丕 兀賳 睾賷乇 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 毓賱賶 賵噩賴 丕賱禺氐賵氐 賷賳爻賵賳 亘丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 丕賳 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍貙 賮賷 賰賱 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 賵賮賷 馗賱 兀賷 馗乇賮貙 賵/兀賵 賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴賲 賷鬲亘賷賳 賲賳 丿賵賳 兀賷 卮賰兀賳賴 禺胤兀 賮丕丿丨."

丕賱睾亘賷 賱賳 賷丐匕賷 廿賱丕 賳賮爻賴 賵賴匕賴 氐賵乇賴 禺丕胤卅丞 噩丿丕 賮賴賵 賷丐匕賷 賰賱 賲賳 賷鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓賴賲.

鉃� 丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱賰賱賷 賵 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 丕賱禺丕賲爻:
"丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱睾亘賷 賴賵 兀卮丿 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 禺胤乇丕賸."
賵丕賱賳鬲賷噩丞 丕賱賲賳胤賯賷丞 賴賷 :
"丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱睾亘賷 兀卮丿 禺胤乇丕賸 賲賳 賯丕胤毓 丕賱胤乇賷賯."

賰鬲丕亘 賲賮賷丿 賵賲賴賲 亘賴 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賮毓賱丕 賷噩亘 丕賱廿賳鬲亘丕賴 賱賴丕 賮賷 鬲毓丕賲賱丕鬲賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲賷丞.
Profile Image for Johnny Notte.
11 reviews3 followers
August 23, 2016
违蟺慰蟿委胃蔚蟿伪喂 胃伪 蟿慰 未喂维尾伪味伪 纬喂伪 谓伪 蟺蔚蟻维蟽蠅 蟿畏谓 蠋蟻伪 渭慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿蔚位喂魏维 谓伪 蟺慰蠀 苇渭伪胃伪 蟿慰蟽伪 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿伪 伪蟺慰 渭委伪 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿伪渭苇谓畏 蔚蟻蔚蠀谓伪 蔚蟺伪谓蠅 蟽蟿畏谓 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪. 螒尉委味蔚喂 谓伪 蟿慰 蟺维蟻蔚喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟽蟿伪 蟽慰尾伪蟻维!
Profile Image for Angie .
327 reviews64 followers
September 1, 2020
"螡蠈渭慰蟼 1. 螤维谓蟿伪 蠀蟺慰蟿喂渭慰蠉渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿喂魏蠈 伪蟻喂胃渭蠈 蟿蠅谓 畏位委胃喂蠅谓 纬蠉蟻蠅 渭伪蟼.

螁蟽蠂蔚蟿伪 渭蔚 蟿慰 蟺蠈蟽慰喂 畏位委胃喂慰喂 谓慰渭委味蔚蟿蔚 蠈蟿喂 蠀蟺维蟻蠂慰蠀谓 纬蠉蟻蠅 蟽伪蟼, 谓伪 尉苇蟻蔚蟿蔚 蠈蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺维谓蟿伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟺维谓蠅. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟺蟻慰魏蠉蟺蟿蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 纬蔚纬慰谓蠈蟼 蠈蟿喂 魏维蟺慰喂慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 胃蔚蠅蟻慰蠉渭蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈渭伪蟿伪 苇尉蠀蟺谓慰蠀蟼 位蠈纬蠅 蟽蟺慰蠀未蠋谓 萎 未慰蠀位蔚喂维蟼. 螖蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂. "

危蔚 伪蠀蟿畏 蟿畏 蟽蠉谓蟿慰渭畏 渭蔚位苇蟿畏 蟿慰蠀 1976, 慰 螝维蟻位慰 螠. 韦蟽喂蟺蠈位伪, 魏伪胃畏纬畏蟿萎蟼 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏萎蟼 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪蟼 蟽蟿慰 螤伪谓蔚蟺喂蟽蟿萎渭喂慰 蟿慰蠀 螠蟺苇蟻魏位蔚蠇, 蠀蟺慰蟽蟿畏蟻委味蔚喂 渭蔚 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎渭伪蟿伪 蠈蟿喂 畏 未蠉谓伪渭畏 蟺慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 蟿畏谓 渭蔚纬伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻畏 伪蟺蔚喂位萎 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蟻蠅蟺蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 螚位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪.

螤慰喂慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 慰 慰蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 螚位委胃喂慰蠀 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 韦蟽喂蟺蠈位伪: 螆谓伪蟼 畏位委胃喂慰蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰魏伪位蔚委 伪蟺蠋位蔚喂蔚蟼 蟽蔚 维位位慰蠀蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼, 蟺伪蟻蠈位慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚魏蔚委谓慰蟼 未蔚谓 伪蟺慰魏慰渭委味蔚喂 蟿委蟺慰蟿伪 萎 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 魏伪喂 慰 委未喂慰蟼 谓伪 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟺蠋位蔚喂蔚蟼.

螚 胃蔚蠅蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀谓慰蠄委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 5 螡蠈渭慰蠀蟼 蟿畏蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓畏蟼 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟽委纬慰蠀蟻伪 未喂伪尾维味慰谓蟿维蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 胃伪 未蔚喂蟼 谓伪 伪谓蟿喂魏伪蟿慰蟺蟿蟻委味蔚蟿伪喂 尉蔚魏维胃伪蟻伪 畏 蟽畏渭蔚蟻喂谓萎 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏萎 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪!
Profile Image for Pawarut Jongsirirag.
637 reviews132 followers
October 5, 2020
喔箞喔侧笝喔堗笟喙勦笡喔斷箟喔о涪喔勦抚喔侧浮喙勦抚喙€喙€喔竾 喙€喔炧福喔侧赴喔曕副喔о箑喔ム箞喔∴笟喔侧竾喙€喔夃傅喔⑧笟 喙€喙€喔ム赴喙€喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喔笝喔膏竵喙€喔府喔� 喔箞喔侧笝喔囙箞喔侧涪喔斷傅

喙勦浮喙堗福喔灌箟喔堗赴喔堗赋喔佮副喔斷竸喔о覆喔∴斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喙€喙€喔權抚喔權傅喙夃抚喙堗覆喔⑧副喔囙箘喔� 喙€喔ム涪喔曕副喙夃竾喙€喔竾喙€喔ム箞喔權箚喔о箞喔� Parody Science 喔勦阜喔斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喙€喙€喔氞笟喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喙€喔權阜喙夃腑喔覆喙€喙€喔氞笟喔嬥傅喙€喔`傅喔⑧釜喙嗋箑喔ム涪喔權赴 喔∴傅喔弗喔编竵喔佮覆喔`抚喔脆笚喔⑧覆喔ㄠ覆喔笗喔`箤喔`腑喔囙福喔编笟 喙€喙€喔曕箞喔堗福喔脆竾喙嗋竸喔粪腑 喔炧傅喙堗笀喔班箑喔傅喔⑧笖喔傅喔堗赴 Parody 喔赴喔勦福喔编笟 喔堗笝喙勦笡喙嗋浮喔� 喙勦腑喙夃斧喔ム副喔佮竵喔侧福喔椸傅喙堗笧喔掂箞喔笜喔脆笟喔侧涪喙€喔權傅喙堗涪喔堗福喔脆竾喔涏箞喔侧抚喔о箟喔� 555 (喔栢箟喔侧箖喔勦福喔權付喔佮箘喔∴箞喔腑喔佮弗喔竾喔權付喔佮笘喔多竾喔佮覆喔`腑喔樴复喔氞覆喔⑧抚喔脆笂喔侧笗喙堗腑喔腹喙夃箖喔權箑喔`阜喙堗腑喔� 喙傕福喔囙箑喔`傅喔⑧笝喔ム腹喔佮笢喔灌箟喔娻覆喔⑧腑喔班竸喔`副喔�)

喔曕副喔о箑喔ム箞喔∴竵喙囙笂喔编笖喙€喔堗笝喔勦福喔编笟 喔炧腹喔斷笘喔多竾喔勦笝喙傕竾喙� 喔勦笝喙傕竾喙堗箖喔權笚喔掂箞喔權傅喙夃箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙夃斧喔∴覆喔⑧笘喔多竾喔勦笝喙€喔`傅喔⑧笝喙勦浮喙堗箑喔佮箞喔囙笝喔班竸喔`副喔� 喙€喙€喔曕箞喔炧腹喔斷笘喔多竾喔勦笝喔椸傅喙堗笚喔赤腑喔班箘喔`箓喔囙箞喙� 喙傕笖喔⑧箑喙€喔笖喔囙箖喔箟喙€喔箛喔權笘喔多竾喔弗喔编竵喔佮覆喔� 5 喔傕箟喔笚喔掂箞喔勦抚喔`福喔灌箟喙€喔佮傅喙堗涪喔о竵喔编笟喔勦笝喙傕竾喙� 喔弗喔编竵喙冟斧喔嵿箞喙嗋箑喔ム涪喙€喔權傅喙堗涪喔勦阜喔競喙夃腑 3 喔椸傅喙堗笟喔竵喔о箞喔测€澿竸喔權箓喔囙箞喔勦阜喔竸喔權笚喔掂箞喔椸赋喔勦抚喔侧浮喙€喔傅喔⑧斧喔侧涪喙冟斧喙夃箑喙€喔佮箞喔勦笝喔阜喙堗笝 喙€喙€喔ム箟喔о笗喔编抚喙€喔竾喔佮箛喙勦浮喙堗箘喔斷箟喔涏福喔班箓喔⑧笂喔權箤 喙€喙€喔栢浮喙嗋笟喔侧竾喔勦福喔编箟喔囙笗喔编抚喙€喔竾喔堗赴喙€喔傅喔⑧笡喔`赴喙傕涪喔娻笝喙屶箘喔涏腑喔掂竵喙€喙€喔笝喔扳€� 喔嬥付喙堗竾喔炧腑喙€喔`覆喔副喔權浮喔竾喔嬥箟喔侧涪喔傕抚喔� 喔溹浮喔о箞喔侧箑喔`覆喔權覆喔堗赴喙€喔堗腑喔勦笝喙€喙€喔氞笟喔權傅喙夃笟喔侧竾喔嬥副喔佮竸喔權釜喔竾喔勦笝 喔福喔粪腑喔氞覆喔囙笚喔掂竵喙囙箑喔涏箛喔權笗喔编抚喙€喔`覆喙€喔竾喔權傅喙堗箑喙€喔弗喔班笚喔掂箞喔氞覆喔囙竸喔`副喙夃竾喔佮箛喔椸赋喔赴喙勦福喙€喙€喔氞笟喔權傅喙� (喔涪喙堗覆喔囙箑喔ㄠ福喙夃覆)

喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙夃笟喔竵喔о复喔樴傅喔`副喔氞浮喔粪腑 喔覆喙€喔笗喔膏竸喔о覆喔∴箑喔涏箛喔權浮喔侧箖喔斷箚喔椸副喙夃竾喔權副喙夃笝 喙€喙€喔曕箞喔堗赴喔∴覆喔斷箞喔侧竸喔權箓喔囙箞喔ム箟喔о笝喙� 喙€喙€喔曕箞喔斷箞喔侧笗喔`竾喙嗋浮喔编笝喙勦浮喙堗箑喙€喔權抚喔權赴 喔曕箟喔竾喔斷箞喔侧箑喙€喔氞笟喔о复喔椸涪喔侧辅喔侧釜喔曕福喙� 喔о复喔娻覆喔佮覆喔� 喔堗复喔佮竵喔编笖喙€喔堗箛喔氞箑喙€喔笟 喔嬥付喙堗竾喔椸赋喙冟斧喙夃浮喔编笝喔斷箞喔侧箑喙€喔氞笟喔笝喔膏竵 喔堗傅喙娻笖喙冟笀喙€喔ム涪

喔父喔斷笚喙夃覆喔⑧箑喙€喔ム箟喔о箖喔權斧喔權副喔囙釜喔粪腑喔勦腑喔⑧涪喙夃赋喙€喔`覆喔о箞喔� 喔勦笝喙傕竾喙堗浮喔掂腑喔⑧腹喙堗笚喔膏竵喔椸傅喙堗竸喔`副喔� 喙勦浮喙堗抚喙堗覆喔椸傅喙堗箘喔笝喙� 喔曕赋喙€喙€喔笝喙堗竾喔赴喙勦福喔佮箛喔曕覆喔� 喔夃赴喔權副喙夃笝喔弗喔掂竵喙€喔ム傅喙堗涪喔囙竸喔權笧喔о竵喔權傅喙夃箑喔涏箛喔權箑喔`阜喙堗腑喔囙笚喔掂箞喔⑧覆喔佮箑喔⑧箛喔� 喙傕笖喔⑧箑喔夃笧喔侧赴喔栢箟喔侧竸喔權箓喔囙箞喙嗋笝喔掂箞喔涪喔灌箞喔曕赋喙€喙€喔笝喙堗竾喔腹喔囙箚喙€喙€喔ム箟喔о弗喔班竵喙� 喔笝喔掂竵喙囙箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙� 喔涪喔灌箞喔`箞喔о浮喔佮副喔權竵喙囙箘喔∴箞喙勦斧喔� 喙€喔`覆喔堗赴喔椸赋喔⑧副喔囙箘喔囙笖喔掂弗喔班竸喔`副喔氞箑喔權傅喙堗涪...

Profile Image for Eirini Zazani.
350 reviews18 followers
September 12, 2020
韦蠈蟽蔚蟼 蟺蔚蟻纬伪渭畏谓苇蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 慰 韦蟽喂蟺慰位伪. 螤蠋蟼 苇纬蟻伪蠄蔚 魏维蟿喂 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰 魏伪喂 蟺蠋蟼 蟽蠀渭尾维位位蔚喂, 苇蟽蟿蠅 渭蔚 苇谓伪 位喂胃伪蟻维魏喂, 蟽蟿慰谓 魏蠈蟽渭慰; 螠蔚 渭委伪 蟺蟻蠈蟿伪蟽畏, 蠈蟺蠅蟼 苇魏伪谓蔚 慰 螒蠆谓蟽蟿维喂谓 纬喂伪 蟿畏 尾位伪魏蔚委伪, 胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽蔚 谓伪 蟺蔚喂 蟿畏谓 维蟺慰蠄萎 蟿慰蠀 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 畏位喂胃喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 蠂蟻蔚喂维味蔚蟿伪喂 蠈位蔚蟼 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 蟿喂蟼 蟽蔚位委未蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟿伪 未喂伪纬蟻维渭渭伪蟿伪. 螘蟺喂蟺位苇慰谓, 蟺慰蠉 蟽蟿畏蟻委味蔚蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 蟿喂蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟿畏蟻萎蟽蔚喂蟼;
Profile Image for Fabio Carlo-Stella.
165 reviews13 followers
December 28, 2020

- L'umorismo 猫 la capacit脿 intelligente e sottile di rilevare e rappresentare l'aspetto comico della realt脿. -


La pubblicazione di questi due scritti inizialmente composti per una ristretta cerchia di amici dell'autore comincia con una bella introduzione dedicata all'umorismo e alla sua funzione di aggregatore sociale, e sembra fornire al pubblico una ideale chiave di lettura. Una lettura che comunque il titolo suggerisce di prendere alla leggera, "ma non troppo".

Il primo scritto, del 1973, tratta della rinascita economica dell鈥橢uropa a seguito del crollo dell'impero romano, che passa dal commercio del pepe alle cinture di castit脿, dalle crociate alla guerra del vino, ed 猫 davvero molto intrigante... Ma quarant'anni fa forse ancora non era stato appurato che l'esistenza delle cinture di castit脿 nel medioevo 猫 un falso storico inventato nel Rinascimento, e quindi rimane un piacevole gioco intellettuale (ma chi sono mai io per contestare Carlo M. Cipolla?).

Il secondo scritto, del 1976, 猫 davvero qualcosa che vale la pena di leggere, anche se di questi tempi prevale decisamente l'aspetto tragico su quello comico. Le cinque Leggi fondamentali della stupidit脿 umana, corredate da un grafico sul quale ognuno pu貌 riportare i casi personali, hanno un potere illuminante proprio per la loro sintesi e il tono ironico. Sar脿 credo impossibile non pensare a certi leader politici e a chi li sostiene, oppure a chi (e qui dichiaro la mia posizione in merito) contesta ottusamente i vaccini e le disposizioni sanitarie utili a limitare la diffusione del virus. A titolo di esempio, riporto di seguito la Terza (ed aurea) Legge Fondamentale, perch茅 andrebbe copincollata compulsivamente nella maggior parte dei commenti sui popolari social network:
Una persona stupida 猫 una persona che causa un danno ad un'altra persona o gruppo di persone senza nel contempo realizzare alcun vantaggio per s茅 od addirittura subendo una perdita.

A proposito di stupidit脿 e potere, un interessante parallelo potrebbe esserci con , nel quale si d脿 alla componente narcisistica un ruolo cruciale.

Ma potrei aver preso il tutto con eccessiva gravitas e prendermi dal fantasma dell'autore giustamente dello stupido.
Profile Image for JohnnyBear.
172 reviews16 followers
January 14, 2022
8 out of 10

What a genius book and concept. This book tries to explain human behavior, (irrational human behavior) by dividing people up into four groups. The Helpless, The Intelligent, The Bandit, and of course, The Stupid. The author sets up a series of laws/rules on how people ought to be sorted out and explains misconceptions about the entire process, (and how many people don't realize how many stupid people are out there).

The genius of this book is that it is obviously a satire but also presents the concept as if it is completely legitimate, whilst also providing rational reasons as to why this concept could be applied in the real world. This book has you questioning whether it is satirical or not. The concept is out-there for sure, but the reasons presented in the book make sense.

I thought the book was enjoyable. I will admit that it took me a while to get into it, but it had me by the second half. I was surprised by the presentation of the book, and by how plausible this concept was, and I thought it was great. Could recommend.

The First Rule of Stupid People
Profile Image for Ian D.
600 reviews73 followers
August 29, 2019
螤蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蔚委蠂伪 未蔚喂 蟺蔚蟻喂位萎蠄蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 YouTube (未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪喂 未蠉蟽魏慰位慰, 5 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 位苇蔚喂 蠈位伪 魏喂 蠈位伪) 魏伪喂 蟿慰 尾蟻萎魏伪 未喂伪蟽魏蔚未伪蟽蟿喂魏维 蔚谓未喂伪蠁苇蟻慰谓 伪位位维 蟿委蟺慰蟿伪 蟺伪蟻伪蟺维谓蠅. 螚 渭蔚纬伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻畏 渭慰蠀 苇谓蟽蟿伪蟽畏 蠈蟽慰谓 伪蠁慰蟻维 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰蠀 蔚委未慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽渭伪蟿伪 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 畏 蔚尉蠀蟺谓伪魏委蟽蟿喂魏畏 未喂维胃蔚蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 蠈蟽慰 慰喂 渭苇胃慰未慰喂 蟺慰蠀 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿伪蟿蔚蠉蟿畏魏伪谓 纬喂伪 谓伪 蠁蟿维蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蟽蟿伪 蟽蟿伪蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏维 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 蟺慰蠀 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟿慰谓蟿伪喂 蠅蟼 伪尉喂蠈蟺喂蟽蟿伪, 蔚喂未喂魏维 伪谓 胃苇位蔚喂 谓伪 未蠋蟽蔚喂 蟽蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰 蟿慰蠀 苇谓伪 蟽蟿蟻蠋渭伪 "蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭慰谓喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼". 危蠀纬纬谓蠋渭畏, 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏维 未蔚谓 蟺蔚委蟽蟿畏魏伪.

2/5 纬喂伪蟿委 蟿慰蠀位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰谓 未喂伪尾维味蔚蟿伪喂 纬蟻萎纬慰蟻伪.
Profile Image for I. M贸nica del P Pinzon Verano.
227 reviews84 followers
May 16, 2017
Ten铆a este libro guardado desde el a帽o pasado, como una esperanza. Me gusta re铆r. Suelo prevenirme un poco cuando se define un libro o una pel铆cula como 鈥渉umor inteligente鈥�, porque por una desconocida raz贸n para m铆, se me traduce en 鈥済ags para intelectuales鈥� o 鈥渁puntes excluyentes鈥�; como si fueran obras escritas para el autor y sus amigos o para un grupo de eruditos, o que al menos creen serlo. 隆Qu茅 bueno fue no hacerme caso! 隆Qu茅 bueno fue equivocarme! Aprovechando el aguacero que se iba tirando la electricidad en Bogot谩 -y en s铆 a la ciudad- el domingo pasado, le铆 este libro, que en realidad son dos ensayos del calibre de 鈥淓l papel de las especias (y la pimienta en particular) en el desarrollo econ贸mico de la Edad Media鈥�; bueno, as铆 se titula el primer ensayo que es muy divertido. El segundo, que me pareci贸 una total genialidad es 鈥淟as Leyes Fundamentales de la Estupidez Humana鈥�, simplemente desternillante, campe贸n!. Definitivamente, el libro no es excluyente porque el autor (historiador de econom铆a) sabe hilar y llevar muy bien al lector por los acontecimientos y las hip贸tesis.

Un libro diferente dentro de lo que he le铆do y diferente dentro de los g茅neros y categor铆as en que pueda clasificarse. Alrededor de dos horas de risa y complicidad. Lo recomiendo!
Profile Image for Emanuela.
Author听4 books79 followers
January 18, 2012
Qualche prerequisito questo libro lo richiede: un po' di matematica e geometria, quella della scuola media pu貌 bastare, perch茅 le leggi sulla stupidit脿 umana ruotano intorno ad un piano cartesiano i cui assi x e y determinano quattro quadranti in cui l'autore colloca altrettante tipologie di soggetti.

Ciascuno di noi potrebbe disporre se stesso o altri in un punto dell'area all'interno di uno dei quadranti, ma si sappia che la posizione non 猫 determinata e permanente; ogni situazione vissuta o di relazione potrebbe creare migrazioni e, nel caso in cui ci si metta nell'area degli Intelligenti, non si pecchi di presunzione di fronte al suo opposto, la 厂迟耻辫颈诲颈迟脿, perch茅 questa colpisce all'insaputa, senza regole e in quantit脿, oserei dire, industriali.

Procedendo nell'enunciazione delle leggi, la questione sulla stupidit脿 si fa complessa, sia per la correlazione fra i "tipi", sia per la trasposizione per induzione dei casi individuali estesi all'intera societ脿.

Da leggere, un paio d'ore spese bene.

Profile Image for Jovi Ene.
Author听2 books273 followers
August 14, 2021
O carte sub葲iric膬.
Sigur, autorul are perfect膬 dreptate cu legile sale fundamentale, pe care le-a elaborat 卯n privin葲a imbecililor, care 卯mp芒nzesc P膬m芒ntul 葯i ne face via葲a mai complicat膬 (poate exagerez, sigur sunt 葯i eu unul dintre ei :D ). 脦n concep葲ia sa, imbecilii (sau pro葯tii) sunt acele persoane care fac n膬zb芒tii, provoac膬 daune altora, dar f膬r膬 s膬 ob葲in膬 niciun avantaj. Spre deosebire, de exemplu, de r膬uf膬c膬tori, care ob葲in 葯i avantaje. Pentru a-i 卯n葲elege mai bine pe imbecili, Cipolla 鈥瀉 inventat鈥� cinci legi fundamentale, explicate 卯n acest volum pe scurt, inclusiv cu grafice, plec芒nd de la 鈥瀍xist膬 pe lume mai mul葲i pro葯ti dec芒t crezi鈥�. Cea mai simpatic膬 葯i realist膬 pare 卯ns膬 aceea de a te asocia niciodat膬 cu ei, pentru c膬 vei avea sigur de suferit.
Un caz atipic 卯n care prefa葲a c膬r葲ii (semnat膬 de Radu Paraschivescu) e mai bun膬 dec芒t con葲inutul ei, sub葲irel, cum spuneam. P膬rerea mea.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 1,223 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.