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夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲
A box of Latin manuscripts comes to light in an Argentine flea market. An apocryphal invention by some 17th or 18th century scholar, or a transcript of what it appears to be - a hitherto unheard of letter to St. Augustine from a woman he renounced for chastity? Vita Brevis is both an entrancing human document and a fascinating insight into the life and philosophy of St. Augustine. Gaarder's interpretation of Floria's letter is as playful, inventive and questioning as Sophie's World.
131 pages
First published January 1, 1996
63 people are currently reading
1,892 people want to read
About the author
Jostein Gaarder
70听books7,434听followersJostein Gaarder is a Norwegian intellectual and author of several novels, short stories, and children's books. Gaarder often writes from the perspective of children, exploring their sense of wonder about the world. He often uses meta-fiction in his works, writing stories within stories.
Gaarder was born into a pedagogical family. His best known work is the novel Sophie's World, subtitled "A Novel about the History of Philosophy." This popular work has been translated into fifty-three languages; there are over thirty million copies in print, with three million copies sold in Germany alone.
In 1997, he established the Sophie Prize together with his wife Siri Dannevig. This prize is an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000 = 77,000 鈧�), awarded annually. It is named after the novel.
Gaarder was born into a pedagogical family. His best known work is the novel Sophie's World, subtitled "A Novel about the History of Philosophy." This popular work has been translated into fifty-three languages; there are over thirty million copies in print, with three million copies sold in Germany alone.
In 1997, he established the Sophie Prize together with his wife Siri Dannevig. This prize is an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000 = 77,000 鈧�), awarded annually. It is named after the novel.
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August 8, 2020
鈥嶸ita Brevis: a Letter to st. Augustine = Brief Life = That Same Flower, Jostein Gaarder
Vita Brevis: A Letter to St Augustine is a novel written by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and originally published in 1996.
Gaarder presents the text as written by Saint Augustine麓s lover (who is mentioned, but not named, in his Confessions).
In the introduction, Gaarder claims that he found the old manuscript at a bookshop in Buenos Aires and translated it. According to his plotline, it was written by Floria Aemilia, Augustine's concubine, who after being abandoned by him, got a thorough Classical education, read his Confessions (where she is mentioned but not named, unlike their son, Adeodatus) and felt compelled to write this text as an answer.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 乇賵夭 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 卮卮賲 賲丕賴 賲蹖 爻丕賱 2010 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲: 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 诏賱蹖 丕賲丕賲蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳卮乇 賮乇夭丕賳 乇賵夭貙 1377貙 趩丕倬 賳賴賲 1396貙 丿乇 138氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9789643214692貨 賲賵囟賵毓 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 賳乇賵跇蹖 - 爻丿賴 20賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 賲賴乇丿丕丿 亘丕夭蹖丕乇蹖貨 賲卮禺氐丕鬲 賳卮乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳卮乇 讴鬲丕亘貙 賴乇賲爻貙 讴蹖賲蹖丕貙 1389貙 丿乇 118氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9789646641167貨 趩丕倬 卮卮賲 1393貨
賳丕賲賴 芦賮賵賱乇蹖丕禄 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲貨 丌賯丕蹖 芦蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇禄 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖 賴賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿乇 丨丕賱 诏乇丿卮 丿乇 亘丕夭丕乇 亘賵丿賴貙 讴賴 丿乇 丕噩賳丕爻 丿爻鬲 賮乇賵卮蹖貙 氐賳丿賵賯趩賴 丕蹖 倬乇 丕夭 趩賳丿 氐賮丨賴 倬賵爻鬲 賲蹖亘蹖賳丿 讴賴 乇賵蹖 丌賳賴丕貙 亘丕 丨乇賵賮 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿賴貙 讴賳噩讴丕賵 賲蹖卮賵丿貙 趩賳丿 禺胤 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕蹖 乇丕 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿貙 賵 賲蹖賮賴賲丿 讴賴 賳丕賲賴 丕夭 爻賵蹖 夭賳蹖 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦賮賵賱乇蹖丕禄貙 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲.貨 噩毓亘賴 賵 賳丕賲賴 賴丕 乇丕 賲蹖禺乇丿貙 賵 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴賲丕賳 賳丕賲賴 賴丕爻鬲貨 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 賳丕賲丿丕乇 亘賵丿賴貙 丌賳 丿賵 爻丕賱賴丕貙 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 夭賳丿诏蹖貙 賵 氐丕丨亘 賮乇夭賳丿蹖 賳蹖夭 賲蹖卮賵賳丿.貨 賲丕丿乇 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄貙 芦賲賵賳蹖讴丕禄 賲禺丕賱賮 丌賳 乇丕亘胤賴 亘賵丿賴貙 賵 丕賵 亘丕毓孬 噩丿丕蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 夭賵噩 卮丿賴貙 賵 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄貙 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 鬲乇讴 诏賮鬲賴貙 賵 亘賴 賲匕賴亘 賲蹖诏乇丕蹖丿貙 賵 爻倬爻 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 芦丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲禄 禺賵丿貙 亘賴 诏賳丕賴丕賳卮貙 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 乇丕亘胤賴 丕卮 亘丕 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄貙 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖讴賳丿.貨 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴 乇丕 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 芦丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲禄 丕賵 賳賵卮鬲賴貙 賵 毓卮賯貙 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿蹖貙 賵 乇蹖丕囟鬲 賵 毓亘丕丿鬲 乇丕貙 亘丕 丿蹖丿 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賲賵乇丿 賳賯丿 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 17/05/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
Vita Brevis: A Letter to St Augustine is a novel written by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and originally published in 1996.
Gaarder presents the text as written by Saint Augustine麓s lover (who is mentioned, but not named, in his Confessions).
In the introduction, Gaarder claims that he found the old manuscript at a bookshop in Buenos Aires and translated it. According to his plotline, it was written by Floria Aemilia, Augustine's concubine, who after being abandoned by him, got a thorough Classical education, read his Confessions (where she is mentioned but not named, unlike their son, Adeodatus) and felt compelled to write this text as an answer.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 乇賵夭 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 卮卮賲 賲丕賴 賲蹖 爻丕賱 2010 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲: 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 诏賱蹖 丕賲丕賲蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳卮乇 賮乇夭丕賳 乇賵夭貙 1377貙 趩丕倬 賳賴賲 1396貙 丿乇 138氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9789643214692貨 賲賵囟賵毓 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 賳乇賵跇蹖 - 爻丿賴 20賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 賲賴乇丿丕丿 亘丕夭蹖丕乇蹖貨 賲卮禺氐丕鬲 賳卮乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳卮乇 讴鬲丕亘貙 賴乇賲爻貙 讴蹖賲蹖丕貙 1389貙 丿乇 118氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9789646641167貨 趩丕倬 卮卮賲 1393貨
賳丕賲賴 芦賮賵賱乇蹖丕禄 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲貨 丌賯丕蹖 芦蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇禄 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖 賴賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿乇 丨丕賱 诏乇丿卮 丿乇 亘丕夭丕乇 亘賵丿賴貙 讴賴 丿乇 丕噩賳丕爻 丿爻鬲 賮乇賵卮蹖貙 氐賳丿賵賯趩賴 丕蹖 倬乇 丕夭 趩賳丿 氐賮丨賴 倬賵爻鬲 賲蹖亘蹖賳丿 讴賴 乇賵蹖 丌賳賴丕貙 亘丕 丨乇賵賮 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿賴貙 讴賳噩讴丕賵 賲蹖卮賵丿貙 趩賳丿 禺胤 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕蹖 乇丕 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿貙 賵 賲蹖賮賴賲丿 讴賴 賳丕賲賴 丕夭 爻賵蹖 夭賳蹖 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦賮賵賱乇蹖丕禄貙 亘賴 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲.貨 噩毓亘賴 賵 賳丕賲賴 賴丕 乇丕 賲蹖禺乇丿貙 賵 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴賲丕賳 賳丕賲賴 賴丕爻鬲貨 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 賯丿蹖爻 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 賳丕賲丿丕乇 亘賵丿賴貙 丌賳 丿賵 爻丕賱賴丕貙 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 夭賳丿诏蹖貙 賵 氐丕丨亘 賮乇夭賳丿蹖 賳蹖夭 賲蹖卮賵賳丿.貨 賲丕丿乇 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄貙 芦賲賵賳蹖讴丕禄 賲禺丕賱賮 丌賳 乇丕亘胤賴 亘賵丿賴貙 賵 丕賵 亘丕毓孬 噩丿丕蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 夭賵噩 卮丿賴貙 賵 芦丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄貙 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 鬲乇讴 诏賮鬲賴貙 賵 亘賴 賲匕賴亘 賲蹖诏乇丕蹖丿貙 賵 爻倬爻 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 芦丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲禄 禺賵丿貙 亘賴 诏賳丕賴丕賳卮貙 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 乇丕亘胤賴 丕卮 亘丕 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄貙 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖讴賳丿.貨 芦賮賱賵乇蹖丕禄 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴 乇丕 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 芦丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲禄 丕賵 賳賵卮鬲賴貙 賵 毓卮賯貙 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿蹖貙 賵 乇蹖丕囟鬲 賵 毓亘丕丿鬲 乇丕貙 亘丕 丿蹖丿 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賲賵乇丿 賳賯丿 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 17/05/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
September 24, 2017
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賳賯丿 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賵爻胤 夭賳蹖 亘賴 賳丕賲 "賮賱賵乇蹖丕" 禺胤丕亘 亘賴 "丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻" 貙 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賵 賳馗乇蹖賴 倬乇丿丕夭 賯乇賳 趩賴丕乇賲 貙 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴. "賮賱賵乇蹖丕" 亘乇丕蹖 賲丿鬲 丿賵丕夭丿賴 爻丕賱 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 "丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳" 亘賵丿 鬲丕 乇賵夭蹖 讴賴 "丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳" 亘賴 賲匕賴亘 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賲蹖 倬蹖賵賳丿丿 賵 倬爻 丕夭 卮讴賱 诏蹖乇蹖 蹖讴 丕賳賯賱丕亘 乇賵丨蹖 丿乇 賵噩賵丿卮 貙 "賮賱賵乇蹖丕" 乇丕 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲蹖 乇丕賳丿 賵 趩賴 禺蹖丕賳鬲蹖 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 丕夭 丌賳讴賴 丌丿賲 賲毓卮賵賯賴 丕卮 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨卮 鬲乇讴 讴賳丿 !責
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 "丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳"貙 禺丿丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 乇賵丨 賲乇丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿... 乇丕爻鬲蹖 讴賴 趩賴 爻禺鬲 丕爻鬲 亘丕賵乇 亘賴 趩賳蹖賳 禺丿丕蹖蹖
賳賵讴 鬲蹖夭 丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 "賮賱賵乇蹖丕" 貙 賲匕賴亘蹖 乇丕 賳卮丕賳賴 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 噩賱賵賴 賴丕蹖 賲丕丿蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇丕 丕賳讴丕乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 倬蹖乇賵丕賳卮 乇丕 丕夭 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賳 丕夭 鬲賲丕賲蹖 夭蹖亘丕蹖 賴丕蹖 丿賳蹖賵蹖 賳賴蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿
讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇 诏匕丕乇 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 . 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘賴 夭蹖乇讴蹖 貙 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 鬲賮讴乇 卮禺氐 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻貙 讴賴 賲讴鬲亘 噩賲毓蹖 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 乇丕 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇�
亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘
趩賴 亘爻丕 乇賵夭蹖 賴賲 鬲賵 乇丕 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 丌賳讴賴 亘賴 鬲賲丕賲 賱匕鬲 賴丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 倬卮鬲 讴乇丿蹖 貙 丿丕賵乇蹖 讴賳賳丿. 鬲賵 毓卮賯 乇丕 丕賳讴丕乇 賲蹖 讴賳蹖 貙 卮丕蹖丿 亘卮賵丿 丌賳 乇丕 亘禺卮蹖丿 .丕賲丕 丕賳讴丕乇 毓卮賯 亘賴 賳丕賲 禺丿丕賵賳丿 !責 賴乇诏夭
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賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丌丿賲 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賲蹖 禺賵丕賴丿 亘丕賵乇 賳丿丕乇賲.賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 乇賵丨 賲乇丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲
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禺丿丕賵賳丿 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 丕夭 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 禺賵丕賴丕賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 倬丕乇爻丕蹖丕賳賴 亘賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 . 趩賴 爻禺鬲 丕爻鬲 亘丕賵乇 亘賴 趩賳蹖賳 禺丿丕蹖蹖
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賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳蹖賲 貙 "丕賵乇賱" . 賲丕 亘丕蹖丿 賳禺爻鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賳蹖賲 倬爻 丌賳诏丕賴 貙 亘賱賴 丌賳诏丕賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 賮賱爻賮赖 亘丕賮蹖 讴賳蹖賲
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亘賴 賯賵賱 爻蹖爻乇賵賳 : 賴蹖趩 讴賱丕賲 賲賴賲賱蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賮蹖賱爻賵賮蹖 丌賳 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳 賳讴乇丿賴 亘丕卮丿
March 12, 2018
丕爻賯賮 毓夭賷夭!
丕噩丕夭賴 賳賲賷丿賴賲 睾爻賱 鬲毓賲賷丿賲 丿賴賷丿! 丕賷賳 禺丿丕 賳賷爻鬲 賰賴 賲賳 丕夭 丌賳 賵丨卮鬲 丿丕乇賲. 丕丨爻丕爻 賲賷賰賳賲 賴賲 丕賰賳賵賳 亘丕 丕賵 夭賳丿诏賷 賲賷賰賳賲. 趩賵賳 賲诏乇 丕賵 賳亘賵丿賴 賰賴 賲乇丕 禺賱賯 賰乇丿賴 丕爻鬲責 丨鬲賷 丕夭 賳丕氐乇賷 賴丕 賴賲 禺賵丿賲 乇丕 丿賵乇 賳诏賴 賳賲賷丿丕乇賲.. 卮丕賷丿 賲爻賷丨 賲乇丿 禺丿丕 亘丕卮丿. 丕賵 丨鬲賷 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 夭賳丕賳貙 毓丕丿賱丕賳賴 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲賷賰乇丿. 賵丨卮鬲 亘夭乇诏 賲賳 丕夭 丕賱賴賷丕鬲 賵 倬賷乇賵丕賳 丌賳 丕爻鬲. 卮丕賷丿 禺丿丕賷 賳丕氐乇賷 賴丕貙 卮賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 鬲賲丕賲賷 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 賵 毓卮賯賷 賰賴 丿爻鬲 乇丿 亘賴 爻賷賳賴 卮丕賳 賲賷夭賳賷丿 賵 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 賲乇丿賵丿 賲賷丿丕賳賷丿貙 亘亘禺卮丕賷丿...
禺賷賱賷 丕鬲賮丕賯賷 丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇賵 禺賵賳丿賲.. 趩賷夭賷 丿乇賲賵乇丿卮 賳賲賷丿賵賳爻鬲賲... 賯丕亘賱 鬲丕賲賱 亘賵丿.. 賵 丌丿賲 乇賵 亘賴 賮賰乇 賲賷 亘乇丿...
丕噩丕夭賴 賳賲賷丿賴賲 睾爻賱 鬲毓賲賷丿賲 丿賴賷丿! 丕賷賳 禺丿丕 賳賷爻鬲 賰賴 賲賳 丕夭 丌賳 賵丨卮鬲 丿丕乇賲. 丕丨爻丕爻 賲賷賰賳賲 賴賲 丕賰賳賵賳 亘丕 丕賵 夭賳丿诏賷 賲賷賰賳賲. 趩賵賳 賲诏乇 丕賵 賳亘賵丿賴 賰賴 賲乇丕 禺賱賯 賰乇丿賴 丕爻鬲責 丨鬲賷 丕夭 賳丕氐乇賷 賴丕 賴賲 禺賵丿賲 乇丕 丿賵乇 賳诏賴 賳賲賷丿丕乇賲.. 卮丕賷丿 賲爻賷丨 賲乇丿 禺丿丕 亘丕卮丿. 丕賵 丨鬲賷 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 夭賳丕賳貙 毓丕丿賱丕賳賴 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲賷賰乇丿. 賵丨卮鬲 亘夭乇诏 賲賳 丕夭 丕賱賴賷丕鬲 賵 倬賷乇賵丕賳 丌賳 丕爻鬲. 卮丕賷丿 禺丿丕賷 賳丕氐乇賷 賴丕貙 卮賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 鬲賲丕賲賷 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 賵 毓卮賯賷 賰賴 丿爻鬲 乇丿 亘賴 爻賷賳賴 卮丕賳 賲賷夭賳賷丿 賵 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 賲乇丿賵丿 賲賷丿丕賳賷丿貙 亘亘禺卮丕賷丿...
禺賷賱賷 丕鬲賮丕賯賷 丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇賵 禺賵賳丿賲.. 趩賷夭賷 丿乇賲賵乇丿卮 賳賲賷丿賵賳爻鬲賲... 賯丕亘賱 鬲丕賲賱 亘賵丿.. 賵 丌丿賲 乇賵 亘賴 賮賰乇 賲賷 亘乇丿...
December 29, 2022
鉁ㄘ操� Top10 丕賲爻丕賱賲鉁ㄘй� 賲賳...毓噩亘 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屫й�!
趩蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯卮賳诏 鬲乇 讴賴 蹖讴 丿乇丕賲丕蹖 賲禺賮蹖 亘蹖賳 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賵 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇賵貙賴夭丕乇丕賳 賴夭丕乇 爻丕賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屬� 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 讴賴 鬲丕 賴賲蹖賳 趩賳丿爻丕賱 倬蹖卮 丕夭 趩卮賲 噩賴丕賳蹖丕賳 賲禺賮蹖 賲賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賴 賵 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 賴賲 賳賲蹖賮賴賲蹖賲 讴賴 丌蹖丕 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇爻蹖丿賴 蹖丕 賳賴 亘禺賵賳蹖賲 賵 亘賮賴賲蹖賲!
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘丿賵賳 丕蹖賳讴賴 乇賵丨卮賲 禺亘乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴 亘丕 丿爻鬲丕蹖 禺賵丿卮 鬲賵爻胤 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏� 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屬嗀з呝団€屰� 禺賵丿卮 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳 毓卮賯 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴 乇賵 賳賵卮鬲賴 賵 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌蹖賳丿诏丕賳 乇爻賵賳丿賴 賵 亘賳馗乇賲 丕蹖賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賯卮賳诏賴...丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賵 丕賳賯丿乇 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賲 賵 禺賵賳丿賲 丕丨爻丕爻 禺賵卮亘禺鬲蹖 賲蹖讴賳賲 賵 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 丿爻鬲 丕夭 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 丿乇賲賵乇丿卮 亘乇丿丕乇賲...
趩賵賳 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賳賲丕蹖卮蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺賴 賵 賴賲卮 賲鬲卮讴賱 丕夭 讴賱賲丕鬲 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屰� 丕爻賯賮 賲卮賴賵乇蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘賴 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱 賲賲讴賳賳賳賳 蹖讴 鬲賳賴 鬲賲丕賲 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 丿賱丕蹖賱 賲匕賴亘蹖鈥屫й� 讴賴 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘禺丕胤乇卮 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 毓卮賯卮 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 乇丕 夭賲蹖賳 賲蹖夭賳丿 賵 亘丕 賲賳胤賯蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 亘乇賴丕賳 賴丕蹖 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘賽 "丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲" 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 讴賴 賲孬賱丕 鬲賵亘賴鈥屬囏й屫� 亘賴 禺丿丕 亘賵丿 賵 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 鬲賮讴乇丕鬲 禺卮讴 賲匕賴亘蹖賽 睾蹖乇賲賳胤賯蹖 賵 讴卮賳丿賴鈥屰� 讴賱蹖爻丕 乇賵 亘賴 爻禺乇賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴!
丕蹖賳 夭賳 丿賴 亘乇丕亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻賯賮 賴丕 賮賴賲 賵 卮毓賵乇 丿丕乇賴 賵 禺丿丕卮賳丕爻賴 賵 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴鈥屰� 鬲賲丕賲 夭賳鈥屬囏й� 噩賴丕賳 丨賯 鬲乇蹖賳 丨乇賮鈥屬囏й� 賲賲讴賳 乇賵 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 賵 禺賱賯 夭賳 賵 賲乇丿 賵 丕賲蹖丕賱 賵 乇賵卮 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴乇丿賳 賵 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賳 丕夭 乇賵丨 賵 噩爻賳 賵 丕卮乇賮 賲禺賱賵賯丕鬲 亘賵丿賳 乇賵 賲蹖夭賳賴.
卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫� 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫� 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫�...
卮丕蹖丿 亘卮賴 诏賮鬲 丕賵賱蹖賳 鬲賮讴乇丕鬲 賲讴鬲賵亘賽 蹖讴 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 夭賳貙蹖讴 丕賱賴賴鈥屰� 毓卮賯 賵丕賯毓蹖貙蹖讴 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 毓丕賯賱 賵丕賯毓蹖 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 亘賵丿.
鬲丕 禺賵丿鬲賵賳 賳禺賵賳蹖丿 賳賲蹖賮賴賲蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 趩賴 丕亘賴鬲蹖 丿丕乇賴.
賵 丕賮鬲禺丕乇賽 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳卮 賴賲 毓噩亘 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丕賵乇丿賴!蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 爻丕夭 毓夭蹖夭...
丿乇 丕賵賱蹖賳 賮乇氐鬲 亘禺賵賳蹖賳卮.
趩蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯卮賳诏 鬲乇 讴賴 蹖讴 丿乇丕賲丕蹖 賲禺賮蹖 亘蹖賳 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賵 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇賵貙賴夭丕乇丕賳 賴夭丕乇 爻丕賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 乇賵蹖 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屬� 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 讴賴 鬲丕 賴賲蹖賳 趩賳丿爻丕賱 倬蹖卮 丕夭 趩卮賲 噩賴丕賳蹖丕賳 賲禺賮蹖 賲賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賴 賵 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 賴賲 賳賲蹖賮賴賲蹖賲 讴賴 丌蹖丕 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇爻蹖丿賴 蹖丕 賳賴 亘禺賵賳蹖賲 賵 亘賮賴賲蹖賲!
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘丿賵賳 丕蹖賳讴賴 乇賵丨卮賲 禺亘乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴 亘丕 丿爻鬲丕蹖 禺賵丿卮 鬲賵爻胤 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏� 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屬嗀з呝団€屰� 禺賵丿卮 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳 毓卮賯 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴 乇賵 賳賵卮鬲賴 賵 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌蹖賳丿诏丕賳 乇爻賵賳丿賴 賵 亘賳馗乇賲 丕蹖賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賯卮賳诏賴...丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賵 丕賳賯丿乇 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賲 賵 禺賵賳丿賲 丕丨爻丕爻 禺賵卮亘禺鬲蹖 賲蹖讴賳賲 賵 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 丿爻鬲 丕夭 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 丿乇賲賵乇丿卮 亘乇丿丕乇賲...
趩賵賳 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賳賲丕蹖卮蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺賴 賵 賴賲卮 賲鬲卮讴賱 丕夭 讴賱賲丕鬲 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屰� 丕爻賯賮 賲卮賴賵乇蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘賴 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 卮讴賱 賲賲讴賳賳賳賳 蹖讴 鬲賳賴 鬲賲丕賲 禺乇丕賮丕鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 丿賱丕蹖賱 賲匕賴亘蹖鈥屫й� 讴賴 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘禺丕胤乇卮 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 毓卮賯卮 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 乇丕 夭賲蹖賳 賲蹖夭賳丿 賵 亘丕 賲賳胤賯蹖 鬲乇蹖賳 亘乇賴丕賳 賴丕蹖 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘賽 "丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲" 爻賳鬲 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 讴賴 賲孬賱丕 鬲賵亘賴鈥屬囏й屫� 亘賴 禺丿丕 亘賵丿 賵 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 鬲賮讴乇丕鬲 禺卮讴 賲匕賴亘蹖賽 睾蹖乇賲賳胤賯蹖 賵 讴卮賳丿賴鈥屰� 讴賱蹖爻丕 乇賵 亘賴 爻禺乇賴 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴!
丕蹖賳 夭賳 丿賴 亘乇丕亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻賯賮 賴丕 賮賴賲 賵 卮毓賵乇 丿丕乇賴 賵 禺丿丕卮賳丕爻賴 賵 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴鈥屰� 鬲賲丕賲 夭賳鈥屬囏й� 噩賴丕賳 丨賯 鬲乇蹖賳 丨乇賮鈥屬囏й� 賲賲讴賳 乇賵 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 賵 禺賱賯 夭賳 賵 賲乇丿 賵 丕賲蹖丕賱 賵 乇賵卮 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴乇丿賳 賵 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賳 丕夭 乇賵丨 賵 噩爻賳 賵 丕卮乇賮 賲禺賱賵賯丕鬲 亘賵丿賳 乇賵 賲蹖夭賳賴.
卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫� 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫� 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫�...
卮丕蹖丿 亘卮賴 诏賮鬲 丕賵賱蹖賳 鬲賮讴乇丕鬲 賲讴鬲賵亘賽 蹖讴 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 夭賳貙蹖讴 丕賱賴賴鈥屰� 毓卮賯 賵丕賯毓蹖貙蹖讴 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 毓丕賯賱 賵丕賯毓蹖 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 亘賵丿.
鬲丕 禺賵丿鬲賵賳 賳禺賵賳蹖丿 賳賲蹖賮賴賲蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 趩賴 丕亘賴鬲蹖 丿丕乇賴.
賵 丕賮鬲禺丕乇賽 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳卮 賴賲 毓噩亘 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丕賵乇丿賴!蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 爻丕夭 毓夭蹖夭...
丿乇 丕賵賱蹖賳 賮乇氐鬲 亘禺賵賳蹖賳卮.
September 18, 2017
丕賲鬲蹖丕夭 亘蹖賳 3.5 鬲丕 4....賵賱蹖 賲賳 3 賲蹖丿賲...
"噩賲賱賴 蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲" 讴賴 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丕爻賲 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丕賵賲丿賴 噩賲賱賴 丕蹖賴 讴賴 趩賳丿 亘丕乇 丌賵诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 丿乇 丕賵噩 乇賵丕亘胤 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 賵 亘毓丿 趩賳丿 賲乇鬲亘賴 丕夭 爻賵蹖 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘丕 丿賱蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘蹖丕賳 卮丿賴.
賳丕賲賴 賱丨賳卮 禺氐賵氐蹖 賵 倬乇 丕夭 賲賱丕賲鬲 賵 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賵 噩賲賱丕鬲 賮賱爻賮蹖 賴爻鬲
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 讴鬲丕亘 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 丌賵诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇賵 賲蹖禺賵賳賴 丕賲丕 賳讴丕鬲 倬賳賴丕賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賵賳賵 賮丕卮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 賲蹖诏賴 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕夭 禺丕胤乇丕鬲 乇賵 亘賴 毓賲丿 丨匕賮 讴乇丿賴. 賲蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 賳蹖爻鬲!
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 夭賳蹖 丿賱 卮讴爻鬲賴 賵 亘丕 乇賵丨蹖 夭禺賲蹖貙 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳貙 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 丨讴賵賲鬲蹖賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 賲乇丿賲 賵 丨鬲蹖 禺丿丕 乇賵 亘賴 亘丕丿 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴.
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲孬賱 賴乇 夭賳 丿賱卮爻鬲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲毓卮賵賯卮 亘賴 亘賴丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖賴賵丿賴 丕賵賳賵 乇賴丕 賲蹖讴賳賴 卮乇賵毓 亘賴 賳賵卮鬲賳 賲蹖讴賳賴 丕賲丕 爻賵丕丿 賵 毓賱賲卮 乇賵 趩丕卮賳蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴丕卮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 爻胤丨蹖 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 丿丕乇賴...丕賱亘鬲賴 鬲賵蹖 賳賮乇蹖賳 賲賵賳蹖讴丕 讴賲蹖 丕睾乇丕賯 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 賲賵賳蹖讴丕 賴賲 亘蹖 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賳蹖爻鬲
丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲蹖丕賳 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 丕氐賱蹖 倬爻乇 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 12 爻丕賱诏蹖 賲蹖賲蹖乇賴. 亘丿蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘丕 蹖讴 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 丕夭 胤乇賮 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲蹖乇爻賴貙 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲孬賱 蹖賴 毓丕卮賯 卮蹖丿丕 乇丕賴 乇賲 乇賵 丿乇倬蹖卮 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴.賵賱蹖 倬爻乇卮賵 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 賵 丿爻鬲 丕禺乇 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕 讴鬲讴 夭丿賳 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 丕賵賳賵 丕夭 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖乇賵賳賴 賵 賴賲賵賳 爻丕賱 倬爻乇讴 亘蹖趩丕乇賴 賲蹖 賲蹖乇賴.
賳賯丿 賳蹖丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭丕賴丿丕賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 夭蹖亘丕 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丨丿賵丿 2000爻丕賱 倬蹖卮 蹖賴 讴賲 夭蹖丕丿賴!
賯亘賱丕 賴賲 丿乇賲賵乇丿 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭丕賴丿丕賳賴 丕蹖 丿乇倬蹖卮 賲蹖诏蹖乇賳丿 賵 禺賵丿卮賵賳賵 賵賮賯 禺丿丕 賲蹖讴賳賳丿 禺賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賲.倬卮鬲 倬丕 夭丿賳 亘賴 丿賳蹖丕 賵 鬲賮讴乇! 賴乇 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 鬲賵卮 丕賮乇丕胤 亘丕卮賴 賵丕賯毓丕 亘蹖賴賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.禺丿丕倬乇爻鬲蹖貙毓賱賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 丿賳蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳丕 夭蹖丕丿蹖卮 賵丕賯毓丕 倬賵趩 賵 亘丕毓孬 倬卮蹖賲丕賳蹖 賲蹖卮賴.
趩賳丿鬲丕 噩賲賱賴 夭蹖亘丕:
賳賵卮鬲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 爻賴賲 鬲賵 丕夭 倬爻乇讴 賴賲丕賳 诏賳丕賴 亘賵丿 賵 亘爻. 卮乇賲鬲 亘丕丿, 丕賵乇賱, 鬲賵蹖蹖 讴賴 禺賵丿 賳丕賲 丌丿卅賵丿丕鬲賵爻(禺丿丕丿丕丿) 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵 亘乇诏夭蹖丿蹖
賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 乇賵丨 賲乇丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲 .
禺蹖丕賳鬲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丌丿賲 賲毓卮賵賯賴 丕卮 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨卮 鬲乇讴 讴賳丿責
賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳蹖賲 貙 丕賵乇賱 . 賲丕 亘丕蹖丿 賳禺爻鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賳蹖賲 倬爻 丌賳诏丕賴 貙 亘賱賴 丌賳诏丕賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 賮賱爻賮赖 亘丕賮蹖 讴賳蹖賲 .
"噩賲賱賴 蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲" 讴賴 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丕爻賲 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丕賵賲丿賴 噩賲賱賴 丕蹖賴 讴賴 趩賳丿 亘丕乇 丌賵诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 丿乇 丕賵噩 乇賵丕亘胤 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 賵 亘毓丿 趩賳丿 賲乇鬲亘賴 丕夭 爻賵蹖 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘丕 丿賱蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘蹖丕賳 卮丿賴.
賳丕賲賴 賱丨賳卮 禺氐賵氐蹖 賵 倬乇 丕夭 賲賱丕賲鬲 賵 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賵 噩賲賱丕鬲 賮賱爻賮蹖 賴爻鬲
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 讴鬲丕亘 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 丌賵诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇賵 賲蹖禺賵賳賴 丕賲丕 賳讴丕鬲 倬賳賴丕賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賵賳賵 賮丕卮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 賲蹖诏賴 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕夭 禺丕胤乇丕鬲 乇賵 亘賴 毓賲丿 丨匕賮 讴乇丿賴. 賲蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 賳蹖爻鬲!
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 夭賳蹖 丿賱 卮讴爻鬲賴 賵 亘丕 乇賵丨蹖 夭禺賲蹖貙 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳貙 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 丨讴賵賲鬲蹖賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 賲乇丿賲 賵 丨鬲蹖 禺丿丕 乇賵 亘賴 亘丕丿 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴.
賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲孬賱 賴乇 夭賳 丿賱卮爻鬲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲毓卮賵賯卮 亘賴 亘賴丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖賴賵丿賴 丕賵賳賵 乇賴丕 賲蹖讴賳賴 卮乇賵毓 亘賴 賳賵卮鬲賳 賲蹖讴賳賴 丕賲丕 爻賵丕丿 賵 毓賱賲卮 乇賵 趩丕卮賳蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴丕卮 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 爻胤丨蹖 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 丿丕乇賴...丕賱亘鬲賴 鬲賵蹖 賳賮乇蹖賳 賲賵賳蹖讴丕 讴賲蹖 丕睾乇丕賯 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 賲賵賳蹖讴丕 賴賲 亘蹖 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賳蹖爻鬲
丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲蹖丕賳 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 丕氐賱蹖 倬爻乇 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 12 爻丕賱诏蹖 賲蹖賲蹖乇賴. 亘丿蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘丕 蹖讴 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 丕夭 胤乇賮 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲蹖乇爻賴貙 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲孬賱 蹖賴 毓丕卮賯 卮蹖丿丕 乇丕賴 乇賲 乇賵 丿乇倬蹖卮 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴.賵賱蹖 倬爻乇卮賵 賳賲蹖亘蹖賳賴 賵 丿爻鬲 丕禺乇 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕 讴鬲讴 夭丿賳 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 丕賵賳賵 丕夭 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖乇賵賳賴 賵 賴賲賵賳 爻丕賱 倬爻乇讴 亘蹖趩丕乇賴 賲蹖 賲蹖乇賴.
賳賯丿 賳蹖丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭丕賴丿丕賳賴 禺蹖賱蹖 夭蹖亘丕 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丨丿賵丿 2000爻丕賱 倬蹖卮 蹖賴 讴賲 夭蹖丕丿賴!
賯亘賱丕 賴賲 丿乇賲賵乇丿 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭丕賴丿丕賳賴 丕蹖 丿乇倬蹖卮 賲蹖诏蹖乇賳丿 賵 禺賵丿卮賵賳賵 賵賮賯 禺丿丕 賲蹖讴賳賳丿 禺賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賲.倬卮鬲 倬丕 夭丿賳 亘賴 丿賳蹖丕 賵 鬲賮讴乇! 賴乇 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 鬲賵卮 丕賮乇丕胤 亘丕卮賴 賵丕賯毓丕 亘蹖賴賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.禺丿丕倬乇爻鬲蹖貙毓賱賲 丿賵爻鬲蹖貙 丿賳蹖丕 丿賵爻鬲蹖 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳丕 夭蹖丕丿蹖卮 賵丕賯毓丕 倬賵趩 賵 亘丕毓孬 倬卮蹖賲丕賳蹖 賲蹖卮賴.
趩賳丿鬲丕 噩賲賱賴 夭蹖亘丕:
賳賵卮鬲賴 丕蹖 讴賴 爻賴賲 鬲賵 丕夭 倬爻乇讴 賴賲丕賳 诏賳丕賴 亘賵丿 賵 亘爻. 卮乇賲鬲 亘丕丿, 丕賵乇賱, 鬲賵蹖蹖 讴賴 禺賵丿 賳丕賲 丌丿卅賵丿丕鬲賵爻(禺丿丕丿丕丿) 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵 亘乇诏夭蹖丿蹖
賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 乇賵丨 賲乇丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲 .
禺蹖丕賳鬲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丌丿賲 賲毓卮賵賯賴 丕卮 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨卮 鬲乇讴 讴賳丿責
賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳蹖賲 貙 丕賵乇賱 . 賲丕 亘丕蹖丿 賳禺爻鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賳蹖賲 倬爻 丌賳诏丕賴 貙 亘賱賴 丌賳诏丕賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 賮賱爻賮赖 亘丕賮蹖 讴賳蹖賲 .
February 27, 2013
I re-read this yet again for about the third or fourth time - it's an easy book to keep coming back to - especially as I've read it at very different times in my life.
It's hard to comment without really knowing for certain whether this is Gaarder's creation (which I continue to believe it to be) or actually a discovered text (which is possible) - however it certainly raises interesting rhetorical points in response to St Augustine's "Confessions."
I chose to re-read this as I have recently read Alain de Botton's "How to think more about sex" and I realised that "Vita Brevis" actually fulfils an important gap in the philosophy of sex (or at least, of physical companionship, of which sex is just one part) that I didn't felt met by de Botton.
I'm looking forward to revisiting it yet again. And again. And again.
It's hard to comment without really knowing for certain whether this is Gaarder's creation (which I continue to believe it to be) or actually a discovered text (which is possible) - however it certainly raises interesting rhetorical points in response to St Augustine's "Confessions."
I chose to re-read this as I have recently read Alain de Botton's "How to think more about sex" and I realised that "Vita Brevis" actually fulfils an important gap in the philosophy of sex (or at least, of physical companionship, of which sex is just one part) that I didn't felt met by de Botton.
I'm looking forward to revisiting it yet again. And again. And again.
August 22, 2017
賲賷禺賵丕爻鬲賲 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 乇賷賵賷賵 亘禺卮賷 丕夭 賰鬲丕亘 賰賴 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 乇賵 亘賳賵賷爻賲 貙 賵賱賷 丕賱丕賳 賰賴 賮賰乇 賲賷賰賳賲 賲賷亘賷賳賲 賴賲賴 賷 亘禺卮 賴丕卮 夭賷亘丕爻鬲 .. 倬乇 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 賴丕賷 賯卮賳诏 貙 賳賯賱 賯賵賱 賴丕賷 毓賲賷賯 丕夭 賮賷賱爻賵賮 賴丕賷 亘夭乇诏 貙 賵 丕賳毓賰丕爻賷 丕夭 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 亘賴 丕爻胤賵乇賴 賴丕賷 賷賵賳丕賳 賵 乇賵賲( 賰賴 亘賴 卮丿鬲 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賲 賴爻鬲 )
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賮賱賵乇賷丕 賷賰 夭賳 賰丕賲賱 賵 爻鬲賵丿賳賷爻鬲 賰賴 賯乇亘丕賳賷 丕賷賳 鬲乇丕跇丿賷 丨爻丕亘 賲賷 卮賵丿 . 賷賰 夭賳 亘丕 爻賵丕丿 賵 鬲丨氐賷賱 賰乇丿賴 亘丕 毓賯丕賷丿 賲鬲毓丕丿賱 .. 丿乇爻鬲 亘乇禺賱丕賮 毓賯丕賷丿 丌诏賵爻鬲賷賳 .
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賷 賳丕賲賴 賴丕賷 賮賱賵乇賷丕 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲賷賳 貙 賲鬲賮賰乇 賵 丕爻賯賮 亘夭乇诏 賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰 丕爻鬲 . 丕賵 亘乇 丕賷賳 亘丕賵乇 丕爻鬲 賰賴 毓卮賯 賲乇丿 亘賴 夭賳 貙 賲乇丿賵丿 貙 賵 鬲賳賴丕 賷賰 丨爻 卮賴賵丕賳賷 賵 倬丿賷丿賴 賷 噩爻賲丕賳賷 丕爻鬲 . 賵 禺丿丕 鬲乇噩賷丨 賲賷丿賴丿 賰賴 賷賰 賲乇丿 亘丕 賴賷趩 夭賳賷 乇丕亘胤賴 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 . 丕賵 賴賲賴 賷 賱匕鬲 賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺丿丕賷卮 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲賷诏賷乇丿 丨鬲賷 睾匕丕 禺賵乇丿賳 賷丕 卮賳賷丿賳 氐丿丕賷 倬乇賳丿诏丕賳 . 丕賵 亘丕 丌睾賵卮 亘丕夭 乇賷丕囟鬲 乇丕 亘賴 賲毓卮賵賯賴 丕賷 賰賴 丿賵丕夭丿賴 爻丕賱 亘丕 丕賵 亘賵丿賴 鬲乇噩賷丨 賲賷丿賴丿. 賵 賮賱賵乇賷丕 乇丕 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲賷乇丕賳丿 .賮賯胤 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 乇爻鬲诏丕乇賷 乇賵丨 禺賵丿卮 ! 丕賵 丨鬲賷 倬爻乇卮 乇丕 賲賷賵賴 賷 诏賳丕賴丕賳卮 賲賷 賳丕賲丿 賵 賲乇诏 丕賵 乇丕 賱胤賮賷 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 倬乇賵乇丿诏丕乇 賲賴乇亘丕賳 鬲賱賯賷 賲賷賰賳丿 .
( 趩賴 賲睾夭賴丕賷賷 賵 趩賴 丕賮賰丕乇 賳賮乇鬲 丕賳诏賷夭賷 )
- 賮賱賵乇賷丕 : 趩賯丿乇 亘賷 賵賮丕賷賷 賵 趩賯丿乇 诏賳丕賴 ! 賳賴 ! 賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕賷賷 賰賴 胤丕賱亘 賯乇亘丕賳賷 賰乇丿賳 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 亘丕卮丿 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 賳丿丕乇賲 ... 賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕賷賷 賰賴 夭賳丿诏賷 夭賳賷 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨 賲乇丿賷 亘賴 鬲亘丕賴賷 賵 賵賷乇丕賳賷 亘賰卮丕賳丿 丕賷賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲 .
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賮賱賵乇賷丕 賷賰 夭賳 賰丕賲賱 賵 爻鬲賵丿賳賷爻鬲 賰賴 賯乇亘丕賳賷 丕賷賳 鬲乇丕跇丿賷 丨爻丕亘 賲賷 卮賵丿 . 賷賰 夭賳 亘丕 爻賵丕丿 賵 鬲丨氐賷賱 賰乇丿賴 亘丕 毓賯丕賷丿 賲鬲毓丕丿賱 .. 丿乇爻鬲 亘乇禺賱丕賮 毓賯丕賷丿 丌诏賵爻鬲賷賳 .
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賷 賳丕賲賴 賴丕賷 賮賱賵乇賷丕 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲賷賳 貙 賲鬲賮賰乇 賵 丕爻賯賮 亘夭乇诏 賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰 丕爻鬲 . 丕賵 亘乇 丕賷賳 亘丕賵乇 丕爻鬲 賰賴 毓卮賯 賲乇丿 亘賴 夭賳 貙 賲乇丿賵丿 貙 賵 鬲賳賴丕 賷賰 丨爻 卮賴賵丕賳賷 賵 倬丿賷丿賴 賷 噩爻賲丕賳賷 丕爻鬲 . 賵 禺丿丕 鬲乇噩賷丨 賲賷丿賴丿 賰賴 賷賰 賲乇丿 亘丕 賴賷趩 夭賳賷 乇丕亘胤賴 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 . 丕賵 賴賲賴 賷 賱匕鬲 賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺丿丕賷卮 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲賷诏賷乇丿 丨鬲賷 睾匕丕 禺賵乇丿賳 賷丕 卮賳賷丿賳 氐丿丕賷 倬乇賳丿诏丕賳 . 丕賵 亘丕 丌睾賵卮 亘丕夭 乇賷丕囟鬲 乇丕 亘賴 賲毓卮賵賯賴 丕賷 賰賴 丿賵丕夭丿賴 爻丕賱 亘丕 丕賵 亘賵丿賴 鬲乇噩賷丨 賲賷丿賴丿. 賵 賮賱賵乇賷丕 乇丕 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲賷乇丕賳丿 .賮賯胤 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 乇爻鬲诏丕乇賷 乇賵丨 禺賵丿卮 ! 丕賵 丨鬲賷 倬爻乇卮 乇丕 賲賷賵賴 賷 诏賳丕賴丕賳卮 賲賷 賳丕賲丿 賵 賲乇诏 丕賵 乇丕 賱胤賮賷 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 倬乇賵乇丿诏丕乇 賲賴乇亘丕賳 鬲賱賯賷 賲賷賰賳丿 .
( 趩賴 賲睾夭賴丕賷賷 賵 趩賴 丕賮賰丕乇 賳賮乇鬲 丕賳诏賷夭賷 )
- 賮賱賵乇賷丕 : 趩賯丿乇 亘賷 賵賮丕賷賷 賵 趩賯丿乇 诏賳丕賴 ! 賳賴 ! 賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕賷賷 賰賴 胤丕賱亘 賯乇亘丕賳賷 賰乇丿賳 丕賳爻丕賳賴丕 亘丕卮丿 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 賳丿丕乇賲 ... 賲賳 亘賴 禺丿丕賷賷 賰賴 夭賳丿诏賷 夭賳賷 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨 賲乇丿賷 亘賴 鬲亘丕賴賷 賵 賵賷乇丕賳賷 亘賰卮丕賳丿 丕賷賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲 .
June 4, 2016
Da prostite, ali ovako se jebe sve po spisku. You go, gurrrl.
December 3, 2020
鈥�.. exist膬 un Dumnezeu care ne cunoa葯te pe amandoi. Dac膬 e a葯a, sunt c芒t se poate de sigur膬 ca a pus la p膬strare toat膬 bun膬tatea pe care ne-am daruit-o amandoi".
"葰ine-m膬 aproape de tine. Via葲a este atat de scurt膬 si nu suntem siguri ca exista eternitate pentru sufletele noastre at芒t de fragile.鈥�
"葰ine-m膬 aproape de tine. Via葲a este atat de scurt膬 si nu suntem siguri ca exista eternitate pentru sufletele noastre at芒t de fragile.鈥�
December 23, 2010
This book (or letter) was quite beautiful in its sadness. Floria's response to Saint Augustine's abandonment of her was incredibly powerful and timeless. This ancient feminist manifesto is a must read to see how far we have come and still how far we have to go as women. Ultimately, very moving indeed.
November 21, 2011
Aurel Yang Malang
Praktisnya memang bisa dibilang buku ini bukanlah karya Jostein Gaarder, tapi dia hanya menerjemahkan surat panjang yang ia temukan pada sebuah pameran buku di Buenos Aires, Argentina pada 1995. Surat yang konon dibuat pada abad ke-5 ini berisi tanggapan seorang perempuan bernama Floria kepada kekasihnya yaitu Aurel (Santo Agustinus, salah seorang Bapak Gereja yang berpengaruh hingga kini) atas buku Pengakuan (Confessiones) yang ditulis Santo Agustinus.
Dan inilah cuplikan surat Floria yang menggambarkan pemikirannya yang kritis-brilian-dahsyat itu:
Kau menjauhkan aku karena kau terlalu mencintaiku, katamu. Wajar, tentu saja, untuk bertahan di sisi pasangan yang dicintai. Tetapi kau melakukan kebalikannya, karena kau sudah mulai menganggap remeh perasaan cinta antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Kau berpikir bahwa aku membelenggumu kepada dunia panca indra, tanpa menyisakan kedamaian dan kesunyian yang dapat membuatmu berkonsentrasi pada keselamatan jiwamu...Tuhan menginginkan di atas segalanya, agar manusia hidup dengan menahan nafsu, tulismu. Aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang demikian (h. 16-17)
Bukankah benar-benar tidak setia menelantarkan seseorang yang dicintai demi keselamatan jiwa sendiri? Bukankah akan lebih mudah bagi seorang perempuan untuk menanggung kenyataan bahwa seorang laki-laki meninggalkannya karena ia ingin menikah鈥攁tau dalam hal ini, bila ia menginginkan perempuan lain? TetapI tidak ada perempuan lain dalam hidupmu. Kau hanya lebih mencintai jiwamu sendiri daripada diriku. Jiwamu sendiri, Aurel, itulah yang ingin kau selamatkan, jiwa yang pernah kau temukan di dalam diriku. (h. 18)
Aku harus menemukan apa yang dikatakan ajaran-ajaran filsafat tentang hal-hal yang memisahkan pasangan yang saling mencinta. Kalau kau telah tertarik pada perempuan lain, aku mungkin saja ingin bertemu dengannya. Tetapi sainganku bukanlah perempuan yang dapat kulihat dengan mata telanjang, ia adalah sebuah prinsip filsafat. Maka, agar aku dapat mengerti dirimu dengan lebih baik, paling tidak aku harus berada pada jalan yang sama dengan yang telah kau tempuh. Aku harus membaca ajaran-ajaran filsafat鈥�Sainganku bukan hanya sainganku sendiri. Ia adalah saingan semua perempuan, ia adalah malaikat maut bagi cinta itu sendiri. Kau menyebutnya sebagai Pengendalian Diri. (h. 21-22)
Jika orang-orang bodoh ingin menghindar dari perbuatan yang salah, mereka biasanya malah melakukan hal yang sebaliknya (Horace, h. 23)
Ada satu hal khusus yang aku sukai dalam nasihat Cicero: ia memacuku untuk tidak mencari arah filosofis tertentu, melainkan untuk mencintai dan mencari serta memenangkan kebenaran itu sendiri鈥an kebenaran, Aurel, adalah hal yang telah mendorongku membaca tentang filsuf dan pujangga-pujangga terkenal. Sejak kita berpisah, aku telah mencurahkan seluruh hidupku untuk kebenaran鈥攕ama seperti kau dulu pergi untuk mencurahkan dirimu berkonsentrasi pada Pengendalian Diri. Aku masih mengasihimu, walapun harus kukatakan bahwa saat ini aku masih lebih mengasihi kebenaran (h. 23)
Kau merujuk pada kata-kata Paulus bahwa 鈥渂aik bagi seorang laki-laki untuk tidak menyentuh seorang perempuan鈥�. Dan Aurel sayang, mengapa kau hanya menuliskan ayat ini? Tidakkah kau belajar di sekolah retorika tentang bahayanya memisahkan sebuah kalimat dari konteksnya? (h. 39)
Aku ingat saat kita duduk di bawah sebuah pohon Ara. Sambil mengerdip pada matahari, aku memandangmu. Aku pasti melakukannya dengan cara yang begitu memikat, karena kau menahan tatapanku sambil memandang turun ke tanah dengan ragu sekali atau dua kali sebelum kau menatapku kembali. Rasanya nyaris seperti kita pernah hidup bersama. Aku langsung menyadari bahwa aku dapat mencintaimu dengan sepenuh hati dan jiwa. ..Kemudian kita berbicara tentang kehidupan dan cinta secara umum. Aku sepertinya ingat betapa kau sangat terkejut melihatku dengan begitu santai membela tindakan Dido yang memperjuangkan cinta. Seakan-akan kau bertanya padaku dengan tatapanmu, apakah seorang perempuan dapat benar-benar mencintai seorang laki-laki sehingga ia akan mengorbankan nyawanya sendiri bila ia dikhianati. (h. 45- 46)
Kau tidak menyembunyikan betapa dalam dan kuatnya kau membenci Venus. Dia, Aurel, adalah jembatan permata yang menghubungkan jiwa kita yang kesepian dan penuh ketakutan. Tetapi bukan itu saja. Kini kau juga membenci segala kesenangan seksual. Dan lebih lagi, kau tak henti menghina panca indra itu sendiri. Sungguh, kau telah berubah menjadi seorang kasim!
Saat ini kau memandang rendah segala indra serta semua buah dan minuman anggur yang mereka tawarkan pada jiwa kita. Tetapi bukan itu saja. Kau mulai membual kepada Tuhan tentang betapa kini kau sadar telahmemandang rendah seluruh ciptaan-Nya. Kau melakukan ini, katamu, karena kau melihat 鈥渃ahaya鈥� dengan mata hatimu.
Kulihat kau telahkehilangan arah hidupmu di tengah-tengah para teolog. Pekerjaan yang sangat menyedihkan! Bagaimana mungkin yang kecil memimpin yang besar? Bagaimana mungkin sebuah ciptaan mendefinisikan penciptanya? Juga, bagaimana mungkin sebuah ciptaan dapat menentukan bahwa dirinya akan berhenti berfungsi sebagai sebuah ciptaan?
Kita adalah manusia hasil ciptaan, Aurel. Dan kita diciptakan sebagai laki-laki dan perempuan. Kita tidak boleh berusaha untuk hidup sebagai sesuatu kecuali sebagai diri kita sendiri. Bukankah dengan demikian kita mengejek Tuhan? Kita adalah manusia, Aurel. Pertama-tama kita harus hidup, kemudian鈥攜a鈥攌emudian kita bisa berfilsafat.
Apakah aku tidak lebih dari tubuh seorang perempuan bagimu? Kau tahu bahwa hal itu tidak benar. Dan bagaimana pula kau dapat membedakan tubuh dengan jiwa? Bukankah dengan demikian kau berusaha mengacaukan proses penciptaan yang telah dilakukan Tuhan? Oh ya, tentu saja, macanku yang tak beriman. Ketika kau mencengkeramku dengan belaianmu yang tajam, kau juga mencabik jiwaku. (h. 51-53)
Masihkah kau dapat mengingat bagaimana kau bercinta denganku dan seolah-olah mengeratkan tiap kuncup sebelum ia terbuka? Betapa kau menikmati diriku di dalam dirimu! Bagaimana kau membiarkan dirimu diracuni oleh wewangianku! Bagaimana kau menyantap sari-sariku! Dan kemudian kau pergi dan menjualku, demi keselamatan jiwamu. Betapa tidak setia, Aurel, kau seharusnya merasa bersalah! Tidak, aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang menuntut korban manusia. Aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang menyia-nyiakan hidup seorang perempuan demi menyelamatkan nyawa seorang laki-laki. (h. 59)
Hidup sangatlah singkat, dan kita tak pernah benar-benar yakin akan adanya keabadian bagi jiwa kita yang rapuh. Mungkin kehidupan inilah kehidupan kita satu-satunya. Kau tidak akan mau mempercayai itu, Aurel. Kau akan mengobrak-abrik otakmu hingga kau menemukan keabadian bagi jiwamu sepertinya lebih penting bagimu untuk menyelamatkan jiwamu dari hukuman abadi, ketimbang untuk menyelamatkan hubungan kita. (h. 68)
Bagaimana bila ternyata tidak ada surga di atas sana, Aurel? Bayangkan bahwa hanya untuk hidup inilah kita diciptakan! (h.80)
Hidup ini singkat, terlalu singkat. Namun mungkin hanya kini dan di sinilah kita hidup. ..Kita tidak hidup selamanya, Aurel. Tapi itu tidak berarti bahwa kita harus membuat hari-hari yang telah diberikan kepada kita menjadi hampa. (h. 102)
Hidup begitu singkat, kita tidak punya waktu untuk menghakimi dan mengutuk cinta. Pertama-tama kita harus hidup, Aurel, kemudian baru kita bisa berfilsafat. (h. 121)
Keluarlah, Aurel! Keluar dan berbaringlah di bawah pohon ara. Gunakanlah indra-indramu鈥攇unakan untuk terakhir kalinya. Demi aku, Aurel, dan untuk segala yang pernah kita miliki bersama. Bernapaslah, dengarkanlah nyanyian-nyanyian burung, pandanglah kubah di langit dan hiruplah segala wewangian untukmu sendiri. Inilah dunia, Aurel, dan ia hadir di sini saat ini. Di sini, dan sekarang. Kau pernah terjebak ke dalam labirin para teolog dan para penganut Plato. Kini tidak lagi. Sekarang kau telah kembali ke dunia, ke tempat tinggal manusia. (h. 146)
Dan pada akhirnya memang kita tidak sekadar bicara tentang tanah, air dan udara, tapi kita juga berbincang tentang manusia, bumi manusia dengan segala persoalannya.
Kenapa selama ini orang praktis terlupa akan burung gereja, daun asam, harum tanah: benda-benda nyata yang, meskipun sepele, memberi getar pada hidup dengan tanpa cincong? Tidakkah itu juga sederet rahmat, sebuah bahan yang sah untuk percakapan, untuk pemikiran, untuk puisi鈥攕eperti kenyatan tentang cinta dan mati?
(Goenawan Mohamad, Caping 2,h. 72)
***
ripiu singkatnya kurang lebih begini:
buku ini hampir semua kalimatnya pingin saya kutip karna dahsyat kata2nya, menohok, menelanjangi, membongkar, menggeledah sejumlah aspek penting keimanan, filsafat, teologi, tuhan, sufi, cinta, indrawi, jasmani, rohani, dst..haha..:D mangstaabb lah
rangkaian kata2nya memukau sampai akhir:)
buat sebagian orang mungkin tema2 itu termasuk berat, tapi buku ini memaparkannya dalam bentuk surat yang cukup mudah dicerna orang awam.
percayalah..haha:D
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keren sekaleh buku ini
komentar dan kutipan segera menyusul
kalo inget;p
***
baru ampe setengah buku dlm sekali baca..udah terasa ini buku keren banged isinya, terjemahannya juga okeh, enak bacanya..
Praktisnya memang bisa dibilang buku ini bukanlah karya Jostein Gaarder, tapi dia hanya menerjemahkan surat panjang yang ia temukan pada sebuah pameran buku di Buenos Aires, Argentina pada 1995. Surat yang konon dibuat pada abad ke-5 ini berisi tanggapan seorang perempuan bernama Floria kepada kekasihnya yaitu Aurel (Santo Agustinus, salah seorang Bapak Gereja yang berpengaruh hingga kini) atas buku Pengakuan (Confessiones) yang ditulis Santo Agustinus.
Dan inilah cuplikan surat Floria yang menggambarkan pemikirannya yang kritis-brilian-dahsyat itu:
Kau menjauhkan aku karena kau terlalu mencintaiku, katamu. Wajar, tentu saja, untuk bertahan di sisi pasangan yang dicintai. Tetapi kau melakukan kebalikannya, karena kau sudah mulai menganggap remeh perasaan cinta antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Kau berpikir bahwa aku membelenggumu kepada dunia panca indra, tanpa menyisakan kedamaian dan kesunyian yang dapat membuatmu berkonsentrasi pada keselamatan jiwamu...Tuhan menginginkan di atas segalanya, agar manusia hidup dengan menahan nafsu, tulismu. Aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang demikian (h. 16-17)
Bukankah benar-benar tidak setia menelantarkan seseorang yang dicintai demi keselamatan jiwa sendiri? Bukankah akan lebih mudah bagi seorang perempuan untuk menanggung kenyataan bahwa seorang laki-laki meninggalkannya karena ia ingin menikah鈥攁tau dalam hal ini, bila ia menginginkan perempuan lain? TetapI tidak ada perempuan lain dalam hidupmu. Kau hanya lebih mencintai jiwamu sendiri daripada diriku. Jiwamu sendiri, Aurel, itulah yang ingin kau selamatkan, jiwa yang pernah kau temukan di dalam diriku. (h. 18)
Aku harus menemukan apa yang dikatakan ajaran-ajaran filsafat tentang hal-hal yang memisahkan pasangan yang saling mencinta. Kalau kau telah tertarik pada perempuan lain, aku mungkin saja ingin bertemu dengannya. Tetapi sainganku bukanlah perempuan yang dapat kulihat dengan mata telanjang, ia adalah sebuah prinsip filsafat. Maka, agar aku dapat mengerti dirimu dengan lebih baik, paling tidak aku harus berada pada jalan yang sama dengan yang telah kau tempuh. Aku harus membaca ajaran-ajaran filsafat鈥�Sainganku bukan hanya sainganku sendiri. Ia adalah saingan semua perempuan, ia adalah malaikat maut bagi cinta itu sendiri. Kau menyebutnya sebagai Pengendalian Diri. (h. 21-22)
Jika orang-orang bodoh ingin menghindar dari perbuatan yang salah, mereka biasanya malah melakukan hal yang sebaliknya (Horace, h. 23)
Ada satu hal khusus yang aku sukai dalam nasihat Cicero: ia memacuku untuk tidak mencari arah filosofis tertentu, melainkan untuk mencintai dan mencari serta memenangkan kebenaran itu sendiri鈥an kebenaran, Aurel, adalah hal yang telah mendorongku membaca tentang filsuf dan pujangga-pujangga terkenal. Sejak kita berpisah, aku telah mencurahkan seluruh hidupku untuk kebenaran鈥攕ama seperti kau dulu pergi untuk mencurahkan dirimu berkonsentrasi pada Pengendalian Diri. Aku masih mengasihimu, walapun harus kukatakan bahwa saat ini aku masih lebih mengasihi kebenaran (h. 23)
Kau merujuk pada kata-kata Paulus bahwa 鈥渂aik bagi seorang laki-laki untuk tidak menyentuh seorang perempuan鈥�. Dan Aurel sayang, mengapa kau hanya menuliskan ayat ini? Tidakkah kau belajar di sekolah retorika tentang bahayanya memisahkan sebuah kalimat dari konteksnya? (h. 39)
Aku ingat saat kita duduk di bawah sebuah pohon Ara. Sambil mengerdip pada matahari, aku memandangmu. Aku pasti melakukannya dengan cara yang begitu memikat, karena kau menahan tatapanku sambil memandang turun ke tanah dengan ragu sekali atau dua kali sebelum kau menatapku kembali. Rasanya nyaris seperti kita pernah hidup bersama. Aku langsung menyadari bahwa aku dapat mencintaimu dengan sepenuh hati dan jiwa. ..Kemudian kita berbicara tentang kehidupan dan cinta secara umum. Aku sepertinya ingat betapa kau sangat terkejut melihatku dengan begitu santai membela tindakan Dido yang memperjuangkan cinta. Seakan-akan kau bertanya padaku dengan tatapanmu, apakah seorang perempuan dapat benar-benar mencintai seorang laki-laki sehingga ia akan mengorbankan nyawanya sendiri bila ia dikhianati. (h. 45- 46)
Kau tidak menyembunyikan betapa dalam dan kuatnya kau membenci Venus. Dia, Aurel, adalah jembatan permata yang menghubungkan jiwa kita yang kesepian dan penuh ketakutan. Tetapi bukan itu saja. Kini kau juga membenci segala kesenangan seksual. Dan lebih lagi, kau tak henti menghina panca indra itu sendiri. Sungguh, kau telah berubah menjadi seorang kasim!
Saat ini kau memandang rendah segala indra serta semua buah dan minuman anggur yang mereka tawarkan pada jiwa kita. Tetapi bukan itu saja. Kau mulai membual kepada Tuhan tentang betapa kini kau sadar telahmemandang rendah seluruh ciptaan-Nya. Kau melakukan ini, katamu, karena kau melihat 鈥渃ahaya鈥� dengan mata hatimu.
Kulihat kau telahkehilangan arah hidupmu di tengah-tengah para teolog. Pekerjaan yang sangat menyedihkan! Bagaimana mungkin yang kecil memimpin yang besar? Bagaimana mungkin sebuah ciptaan mendefinisikan penciptanya? Juga, bagaimana mungkin sebuah ciptaan dapat menentukan bahwa dirinya akan berhenti berfungsi sebagai sebuah ciptaan?
Kita adalah manusia hasil ciptaan, Aurel. Dan kita diciptakan sebagai laki-laki dan perempuan. Kita tidak boleh berusaha untuk hidup sebagai sesuatu kecuali sebagai diri kita sendiri. Bukankah dengan demikian kita mengejek Tuhan? Kita adalah manusia, Aurel. Pertama-tama kita harus hidup, kemudian鈥攜a鈥攌emudian kita bisa berfilsafat.
Apakah aku tidak lebih dari tubuh seorang perempuan bagimu? Kau tahu bahwa hal itu tidak benar. Dan bagaimana pula kau dapat membedakan tubuh dengan jiwa? Bukankah dengan demikian kau berusaha mengacaukan proses penciptaan yang telah dilakukan Tuhan? Oh ya, tentu saja, macanku yang tak beriman. Ketika kau mencengkeramku dengan belaianmu yang tajam, kau juga mencabik jiwaku. (h. 51-53)
Masihkah kau dapat mengingat bagaimana kau bercinta denganku dan seolah-olah mengeratkan tiap kuncup sebelum ia terbuka? Betapa kau menikmati diriku di dalam dirimu! Bagaimana kau membiarkan dirimu diracuni oleh wewangianku! Bagaimana kau menyantap sari-sariku! Dan kemudian kau pergi dan menjualku, demi keselamatan jiwamu. Betapa tidak setia, Aurel, kau seharusnya merasa bersalah! Tidak, aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang menuntut korban manusia. Aku tidak percaya pada Tuhan yang menyia-nyiakan hidup seorang perempuan demi menyelamatkan nyawa seorang laki-laki. (h. 59)
Hidup sangatlah singkat, dan kita tak pernah benar-benar yakin akan adanya keabadian bagi jiwa kita yang rapuh. Mungkin kehidupan inilah kehidupan kita satu-satunya. Kau tidak akan mau mempercayai itu, Aurel. Kau akan mengobrak-abrik otakmu hingga kau menemukan keabadian bagi jiwamu sepertinya lebih penting bagimu untuk menyelamatkan jiwamu dari hukuman abadi, ketimbang untuk menyelamatkan hubungan kita. (h. 68)
Bagaimana bila ternyata tidak ada surga di atas sana, Aurel? Bayangkan bahwa hanya untuk hidup inilah kita diciptakan! (h.80)
Hidup ini singkat, terlalu singkat. Namun mungkin hanya kini dan di sinilah kita hidup. ..Kita tidak hidup selamanya, Aurel. Tapi itu tidak berarti bahwa kita harus membuat hari-hari yang telah diberikan kepada kita menjadi hampa. (h. 102)
Hidup begitu singkat, kita tidak punya waktu untuk menghakimi dan mengutuk cinta. Pertama-tama kita harus hidup, Aurel, kemudian baru kita bisa berfilsafat. (h. 121)
Keluarlah, Aurel! Keluar dan berbaringlah di bawah pohon ara. Gunakanlah indra-indramu鈥攇unakan untuk terakhir kalinya. Demi aku, Aurel, dan untuk segala yang pernah kita miliki bersama. Bernapaslah, dengarkanlah nyanyian-nyanyian burung, pandanglah kubah di langit dan hiruplah segala wewangian untukmu sendiri. Inilah dunia, Aurel, dan ia hadir di sini saat ini. Di sini, dan sekarang. Kau pernah terjebak ke dalam labirin para teolog dan para penganut Plato. Kini tidak lagi. Sekarang kau telah kembali ke dunia, ke tempat tinggal manusia. (h. 146)
Dan pada akhirnya memang kita tidak sekadar bicara tentang tanah, air dan udara, tapi kita juga berbincang tentang manusia, bumi manusia dengan segala persoalannya.
Kenapa selama ini orang praktis terlupa akan burung gereja, daun asam, harum tanah: benda-benda nyata yang, meskipun sepele, memberi getar pada hidup dengan tanpa cincong? Tidakkah itu juga sederet rahmat, sebuah bahan yang sah untuk percakapan, untuk pemikiran, untuk puisi鈥攕eperti kenyatan tentang cinta dan mati?
(Goenawan Mohamad, Caping 2,h. 72)
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ripiu singkatnya kurang lebih begini:
buku ini hampir semua kalimatnya pingin saya kutip karna dahsyat kata2nya, menohok, menelanjangi, membongkar, menggeledah sejumlah aspek penting keimanan, filsafat, teologi, tuhan, sufi, cinta, indrawi, jasmani, rohani, dst..haha..:D mangstaabb lah
rangkaian kata2nya memukau sampai akhir:)
buat sebagian orang mungkin tema2 itu termasuk berat, tapi buku ini memaparkannya dalam bentuk surat yang cukup mudah dicerna orang awam.
percayalah..haha:D
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keren sekaleh buku ini
komentar dan kutipan segera menyusul
kalo inget;p
***
baru ampe setengah buku dlm sekali baca..udah terasa ini buku keren banged isinya, terjemahannya juga okeh, enak bacanya..
June 19, 2017
亘毓丿 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳 趩賳丿鬲丕 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 蹖丕爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 丕蹖賳 丨爻 鬲賵蹖 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖鈥屰屫ж� 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 蹖賴 賳賮乇 丿丕乇賴 丌丿賲 購 鬲毓賯蹖亘 賲蹖鈥屸€屭┵嗁� 賵 丌丿賲 蹖賴賵 亘乇賲蹖鈥屭必� 鬲丕 賲孬賱丕賸 賲趩 丕賵賳蹖 讴賴 鬲毓賯蹖亘鈥屫� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 乇賵 亘诏蹖乇賴.
亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屰� 丕賵賱 讴鬲丕亘佻 賲丿丕賲 丕蹖賳 丨爻 購 丿丕卮鬲賲 讴賴 丕賱丕賳賴 讴賴 诏賵乇丿乇 亘倬乇賴 賵爻胤 讴鬲丕亘 賵 亘诏賴 賴賲賴鈥屫� 夭丕丿賴鈥屰� 鬲禺蹖賱鈥屬� 亘賵丿 賵 賲賳賲 亘诏賲 禺賵丿賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 賵 丕賱禺. 賵賱蹖 鬲丕 丌禺乇 讴鬲丕亘佻 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 賳蹖賮鬲丕丿.
讴鬲丕亘 丨丕賵蹖 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 [丕夭 亘夭乇诏丕賳 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲] 亘賵丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫� 讴賴 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖 亘賴 毓賯丕蹖丿 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丕賳爻丕賳佻 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖卮鈥� 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵丕乇丿 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿.
丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 丌诏丕賴蹖鈥屫� 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 夭賳 丿乇 丌賳 丿賵乇丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵卮賲 丌賲丿佻 賵賱蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 趩賳丿丕賳 賳賴.
賵 禺蹖賱蹖 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘賴 丕賮讴丕乇 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 噩匕賾丕亘 亘賵丿.
亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屰� 丕賵賱 讴鬲丕亘佻 賲丿丕賲 丕蹖賳 丨爻 購 丿丕卮鬲賲 讴賴 丕賱丕賳賴 讴賴 诏賵乇丿乇 亘倬乇賴 賵爻胤 讴鬲丕亘 賵 亘诏賴 賴賲賴鈥屫� 夭丕丿賴鈥屰� 鬲禺蹖賱鈥屬� 亘賵丿 賵 賲賳賲 亘诏賲 禺賵丿賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 賵 丕賱禺. 賵賱蹖 鬲丕 丌禺乇 讴鬲丕亘佻 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 賳蹖賮鬲丕丿.
讴鬲丕亘 丨丕賵蹖 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 [丕夭 亘夭乇诏丕賳 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲] 亘賵丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫� 讴賴 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖 亘賴 毓賯丕蹖丿 讴賱蹖爻丕 賵 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丕賳爻丕賳佻 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖卮鈥� 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵丕乇丿 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿.
丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賵 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 丌诏丕賴蹖鈥屫� 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 夭賳 丿乇 丌賳 丿賵乇丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵卮賲 丌賲丿佻 賵賱蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 趩賳丿丕賳 賳賴.
賵 禺蹖賱蹖 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 亘賴 丕賮讴丕乇 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 噩匕賾丕亘 亘賵丿.
October 16, 2008
The idea of this book is so seductive, along the lines of Yourcenor's "Hadrian's Memoirs', of bringing to life history with a glimpse into the thoughts and private life of a 4th century woman. It seems to me somehow that the ideas she espouses are thoroughly modern however much I agree with them - I wonder if her arguments could conceivably have been argued by one of her situation and epoch. I am not particularly familiar with the era but enjoyed the glimpse of the cusp between the classical and the medieval - the author seems more classical in her thinking whilst Augustine, with his extreme hatred of the flesh and the 'impermanent' seems to embrace the coming dark ages where the church held sway over the minds of men in such a limiting and impermeable fog for so long. All in all a very enjoyable read - with quotations of classical authors and philosophers brought to life. There's something about philosophy and mythology used in this way that makes it a living breathing thing.
September 11, 2015
丕賮乇丕胤 賵 鬲賮乇蹖胤 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賴賲锟斤拷锟截臂屬� 賲爻丕卅賱蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 倬蹖乇賵丕賳 賴賲賴 丕丿蹖丕賳 丿乇 丿丕賲 丌賳 丕賮鬲丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫з佖嗀�.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 丿乇 賯丕賱亘 蹖讴 賳丕賲賴 亘賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 丕賮乇丕胤蹖賵賳 賲爻蹖丨蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 丿賱蹖賱 賵 亘乇賴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 禺賵亘蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丌丿賲 乇賵 亘賴 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀ж藏�. 爻賵丕賱鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿乇 匕賴賳 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴丿賮 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 趩蹖爻鬲 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 趩胤賵乇 賵 鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 賱匕鬲 亘亘乇丿. 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 趩蹖爻鬲. 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 賵 噩亘乇 趩賴 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇丿.賵 ...
噩賲賱丕鬲 鬲丕賲賱鈥屫ㄘ必з嗂屫� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丿丕卮鬲 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 賴乇丕夭诏丕賴蹖 亘乇诏乇丿賲 賵 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘禺賵賳賲 賵 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲 賲乇賵乇 讴賳賲.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 丿乇 賯丕賱亘 蹖讴 賳丕賲賴 亘賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 丕賮乇丕胤蹖賵賳 賲爻蹖丨蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 丿賱蹖賱 賵 亘乇賴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 禺賵亘蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丌丿賲 乇賵 亘賴 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀ж藏�. 爻賵丕賱鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿乇 匕賴賳 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴丿賮 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 趩蹖爻鬲 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 趩胤賵乇 賵 鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 賱匕鬲 亘亘乇丿. 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 趩蹖爻鬲. 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 賵 噩亘乇 趩賴 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇丿.賵 ...
噩賲賱丕鬲 鬲丕賲賱鈥屫ㄘ必з嗂屫� 夭蹖丕丿蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丿丕卮鬲 讴賴 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲 賴乇丕夭诏丕賴蹖 亘乇诏乇丿賲 賵 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘禺賵賳賲 賵 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲 賲乇賵乇 讴賳賲.
August 16, 2022
VITA BREVIS (1996) (translated into English as Vita Brevis: A letter to St. Augustine) is a strange little novel. The author, Jostein Gaarder, claims that he came across a box of Latin manuscripts in an Argentine flea market (Argentina, of all places!). He had traveled to Argentina for business reasons in 1995 and decided to spend some free time in San Telmo, a renowned flea market in Buenos Aires. He found these astounding documents: they could be an apocryphal invention by some 17th or 18th century scholar, or they could be a transcript of what it appears to be - a hitherto unheard of letter to St. Augustine from Floria Aemilia, his former concubine and mother of his child, who Augustine abandoned for chastity's sake.
St. Augustine is, in many respects, the most important theologian in the Christian tradition. In his Confessions, he describes himself as a sinner, remarkable for his transgressions. Then he had a conversion experience, a major turning point in his life. His Confessions tell us his story to show us a path from original sin towards sanctification and towards God's grace.
Floria had been his lover for several years. She was a bright, intellectual woman who met Augustine when they were both pupils in a school of rhetoric in Carthage. They became lovers in 372 and their son Adeodatus was born in 373. When he was a professor of rhetoric in Milan, his mother, a rather unscrupulous and cunning lady, persuades Augustine to marry a rich Milanese heiress. Augustine, always eager to please his mom, abandons poor Floria and is engaged to the heiress. He never marries the heiress, though. He will reject lust and sin after his conversion. The Confessions were written between 397-398.
Floria's letter was written, allegedly, right after her reading his Confessions, the most important text written by Augustine, who was then the Bishop of Hippo. Floria criticizes Augustine for abandoning her for God, for rejecting a true, human love in exchange for a love of the divine, an uncertain kind of love. She defends sensuality and criticizes furiously religious repression of passions and human feelings. Sounds rather modern, doesn't it?
Gaarder says he consulted the Vatican Library and they told him this letter never existed. Naturally, what else could he expect from the Catholic Church?
I don't know if the story of the found manuscripts is true, to me it sounds like a rather farfetched idea. If it is true, I believe these documents must be an apocryphal invention written by some scholar. Floria, or rather, the author of this letter, seems to be missing the point of Augustine's Confessions. Augustine is putting together his Confessions to outline his theory of the Christian sense of the self. This book is historically important because Augustine is defining new standards by which to identify the self, he is laying the foundations for the Middle Ages, for the next 1000 years. The Confessions is not a book about his rejection of love, or lust, or sin. Of the 13 books of the Confessions, only one of them deals with his sins. Augustine narrates not his life but the concerns of his soul. I suspect the real Floria would have understood this, she was Augustine's peer, she understood theology and philosophy. She could quote Cicero and Horace. However, this letter seems written by an enraged, jealous woman over a romantic problem.
This is Gaarder's first novel written for an adult readership. His interest in philosophical issues is present as always but for me this novel is not even satisfying as fiction.
St. Augustine is, in many respects, the most important theologian in the Christian tradition. In his Confessions, he describes himself as a sinner, remarkable for his transgressions. Then he had a conversion experience, a major turning point in his life. His Confessions tell us his story to show us a path from original sin towards sanctification and towards God's grace.
Floria had been his lover for several years. She was a bright, intellectual woman who met Augustine when they were both pupils in a school of rhetoric in Carthage. They became lovers in 372 and their son Adeodatus was born in 373. When he was a professor of rhetoric in Milan, his mother, a rather unscrupulous and cunning lady, persuades Augustine to marry a rich Milanese heiress. Augustine, always eager to please his mom, abandons poor Floria and is engaged to the heiress. He never marries the heiress, though. He will reject lust and sin after his conversion. The Confessions were written between 397-398.
Floria's letter was written, allegedly, right after her reading his Confessions, the most important text written by Augustine, who was then the Bishop of Hippo. Floria criticizes Augustine for abandoning her for God, for rejecting a true, human love in exchange for a love of the divine, an uncertain kind of love. She defends sensuality and criticizes furiously religious repression of passions and human feelings. Sounds rather modern, doesn't it?
Gaarder says he consulted the Vatican Library and they told him this letter never existed. Naturally, what else could he expect from the Catholic Church?
I don't know if the story of the found manuscripts is true, to me it sounds like a rather farfetched idea. If it is true, I believe these documents must be an apocryphal invention written by some scholar. Floria, or rather, the author of this letter, seems to be missing the point of Augustine's Confessions. Augustine is putting together his Confessions to outline his theory of the Christian sense of the self. This book is historically important because Augustine is defining new standards by which to identify the self, he is laying the foundations for the Middle Ages, for the next 1000 years. The Confessions is not a book about his rejection of love, or lust, or sin. Of the 13 books of the Confessions, only one of them deals with his sins. Augustine narrates not his life but the concerns of his soul. I suspect the real Floria would have understood this, she was Augustine's peer, she understood theology and philosophy. She could quote Cicero and Horace. However, this letter seems written by an enraged, jealous woman over a romantic problem.
This is Gaarder's first novel written for an adult readership. His interest in philosophical issues is present as always but for me this novel is not even satisfying as fiction.
August 8, 2022
I haven't read Augustine of Hippo's Confessions and I am not sure that I might do it in the nearer future in order to write a fairer review of Gaardner Vita Brevis, regardless of its inventive wiseness of bringing about a series of letters written by the unnamed concumbine of the saint, in here given the name Fl贸ria Em铆lia. Yet, it is clear that its goal is to confront eros and philia in the face of agape. The former, human, thus dispensable; the latter, heavenly necessary).
Notwithstanding Augustine's thesis to the benefit of the Christian church, the truth is that as many other doctors of the church, they are holier-than-thou to a point that most probably even Jesus Christ would be considered a sinner in their visions of sanctitude. Augustine's thesis on the original sin is a great disservice to the position of women in most Christian societies through the centuries, whereas, why not see both Adam and Eve picking the fruit of the tree of wisdom together? Blaming someone else for our own errors is much easier, not? And if it were for Eve to have picked it alone, why then men condemned women to a life without knowledge, without wisdom? At the same time the Church sanctifies women as mothers, thus closer to Our Lady, the mother of Jesus, it proclaims the female sex is not able to achieve many statuses only given to men. There is also the contestation of the body as a sinful work of God, male or female. If God created beings, it created them for a reason. Everything that turns out to be excessive is bad. And Augustine's biggest mistake seems to have been one to blame on other what he thought as his own errors or sins. This is what Fl贸ria most claims about in her long and interesting letters to Augustine. And in this, Gaardene provided us with such interesting work.
Implicit in the book is also the fact that the search for sanctitude for its own sake is the worst of the seven deadly sins: superbia (pride).
Notwithstanding Augustine's thesis to the benefit of the Christian church, the truth is that as many other doctors of the church, they are holier-than-thou to a point that most probably even Jesus Christ would be considered a sinner in their visions of sanctitude. Augustine's thesis on the original sin is a great disservice to the position of women in most Christian societies through the centuries, whereas, why not see both Adam and Eve picking the fruit of the tree of wisdom together? Blaming someone else for our own errors is much easier, not? And if it were for Eve to have picked it alone, why then men condemned women to a life without knowledge, without wisdom? At the same time the Church sanctifies women as mothers, thus closer to Our Lady, the mother of Jesus, it proclaims the female sex is not able to achieve many statuses only given to men. There is also the contestation of the body as a sinful work of God, male or female. If God created beings, it created them for a reason. Everything that turns out to be excessive is bad. And Augustine's biggest mistake seems to have been one to blame on other what he thought as his own errors or sins. This is what Fl贸ria most claims about in her long and interesting letters to Augustine. And in this, Gaardene provided us with such interesting work.
Implicit in the book is also the fact that the search for sanctitude for its own sake is the worst of the seven deadly sins: superbia (pride).
June 13, 2018
Okudu臒um en nadide eserlerden birisi. "Felsefe ve a艧k谋n bir araya gelmesiyle nas谋l bir bak谋艧 a莽谋s谋 olu艧ur, bir kad谋n bunu nas谋l aktar谋r"谋 g枚rmek harikayd谋. Bu kadar eski bir eserin sanki bizim 莽a臒谋m谋zdaki bir kad谋n konu艧uyormu艧 gibi olmas谋 harika. K谋y谋da k枚艧ede kalm谋艧 olabilir, k枚艧esine gidip bulunuz ve okuyunuz. Ben de tekrar okumay谋 umuyorum.
February 10, 2017
诏丕乇丿乇 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 亘丕 丕賮讴丕乇 賲匕賴亘蹖 賲鬲毓氐亘丕賳賴 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏�.
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賯丕賱亘 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲毓卮賵賯 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丕賵 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕賮讴丕乇 賵 毓賯丕蹖丿蹖 讴賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘卮 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屭柏必�.
噩賲賱賴 倬丕蹖丕賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘 鬲讴丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲賳 賴賲蹖賳 蹖讴 噩賲賱賴 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿:
芦锖楋划 锘嬶焊锘� 乇丕 丕锘э粶锖庁� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃�. 锖凤簬锘筹邯 锖戯焊锘� 丌賳 乇丕 锖戯酣锖革淮锖�. 丕賲丕 丕賳讴丕乇 锘嬶焊锘� 锖戯华 锘э簬賲 锖э邯丕賵锘э邯責禄
丕蹖賳 丿賵賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀�. 賯丿乇鬲 禺賱丕賯蹖鬲 诏丕乇丿乇 乇丕 鬲丨爻蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 賲賳 乇丕 亘賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 胤乇賮丿丕乇丕賳 禺賵丿卮 鬲亘丿蹖賱 讴賳丿.
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噩賲賱丕鬲 賲丕賳丿诏丕乇 讴鬲丕亘:
丌蹖丕 禺蹖丕賳鬲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丌丿賲 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨卮 鬲乇讴 讴賳丿責
...
丕锂旓寒 锖ｏ捍锖庁ㄛ� 锂旓寒锘筹华 锘э粶锘淮锘⒇� 丌賳 锘忥虎 锘护锃斤划賳 锖戯簬乇蹖 锖筹花锂曪淮锘� 锖戯寒 丿锘燂护锖庂� 賲蹖锘ｏ簬锘э邯.
...
趩賴 丌乇丕賲亘禺卮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賴鈥屭з� 禺賵丿 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴賳蹖賲.
...
锘ｏ簬 锘э簰锖庯怀锖� 锖戯粶锘悍锘达虎 丌賳 锃硷淮锖佰� 乇丕 锘涳华 锘э淮锖达簶锘达虎 夭锘э邯诏蹖 锘涳花锘达虎. 锃硷划賳 丿乇 丌賳 锖伙划乇鬲 丌锘筹簬 锖э邯丕 乇丕 锖戀€锘� 锖筹酣锖� 锘э畷锖佖団€屫э怀锘⒇� 锘ｏ簬 丕锘э捍锖庯户锘达虎貙 丕賵乇賱. 锘ｏ簬 锖戯簬锘筹邯 锘э酣賭锖达簴 夭锘э邯诏蹖 锘涳花锘达虎貙 锃橈翰 丌賳锂旓簬賴貙 锖戯粻锘� 丌賳锂旓簬賴 賲蹖锖楋划丕賳蹖賲 賮賱爻賮赖锖戯簬賮蹖 锘涳花锘达虎.
...
锃硷畷锘户锘� 賲蹖锖楋划丕賳蹖 锘ｏ淮锖庂� 锖燂捍锘� 賵 乇賵丨 锖楋粩锖庂堌� 锘楋簬锖嬶粸 卮賵蹖責 丌锘筹簬 丕锘筹沪 丿锖э簬锘燂簴 丿乇 锘涳簬乇 丌锘擄寒锘筹花锖� 丌锘擄寒蹖丿锂旓簬乇 锘ｏ氦锖达划亘 賳賲蹖锖凤划丿責
...
锘ｏ沪 锖戯华 锖э邯丕蹖蹖 锘涳华 丕夭 丌丿賲 锘楋寒锖戯簬賳蹖 賲蹖锖э划丕锘邯 锖戯簬賵乇 锘э邯丕乇賲. 锘ｏ沪 锖戯华 锖э邯丕蹖蹖 锘涳华 夭锘э邯诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 锖戯华 锖戯簬丿 賲蹖鈥屫猾锖� 锖楋簬 乇賵丨 锘ｏ寒丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲.
...
诏賵蹖蹖 讴賴 噩丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賵噩賵丿 鬲賵 亘賵丿.
...
锖戯花锖庯簯锖� 锘楋簬锘嬶邯賴貙 锘寒 锖燂簬 锘嬶粯锘� 賵 锖э寒丿 亘蹖卮鬲乇 锖戯簬锖凤邯貙 锘嬶焊锘� 锘ｏ氦锘� 讴賲鬲乇蹖 丕夭 丕锘嬶寒丕亘 丿丕乇丿.
...
锖楋划 锘嬶焊锘� 乇丕 丕锘э粶锖庁� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃�. 锖凤簬锘筹邯 锖戯焊锘� 丌賳 乇丕 锖戯酣锖革淮锖�. 丕賲丕 丕賳讴丕乇 锘嬶焊锘� 锖戯华 锘э簬賲 锖э邯丕賵锘э邯責
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賯丕賱亘 賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲毓卮賵賯 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丕賵 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕賮讴丕乇 賵 毓賯丕蹖丿蹖 讴賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘卮 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屭柏必�.
噩賲賱賴 倬丕蹖丕賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘 鬲讴丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲賳 賴賲蹖賳 蹖讴 噩賲賱賴 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿:
芦锖楋划 锘嬶焊锘� 乇丕 丕锘э粶锖庁� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃�. 锖凤簬锘筹邯 锖戯焊锘� 丌賳 乇丕 锖戯酣锖革淮锖�. 丕賲丕 丕賳讴丕乇 锘嬶焊锘� 锖戯华 锘э簬賲 锖э邯丕賵锘э邯責禄
丕蹖賳 丿賵賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀�. 賯丿乇鬲 禺賱丕賯蹖鬲 诏丕乇丿乇 乇丕 鬲丨爻蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 賲賳 乇丕 亘賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 胤乇賮丿丕乇丕賳 禺賵丿卮 鬲亘丿蹖賱 讴賳丿.
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噩賲賱丕鬲 賲丕賳丿诏丕乇 讴鬲丕亘:
丌蹖丕 禺蹖丕賳鬲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 亘丕賱丕鬲乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丌丿賲 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳噩丕鬲 乇賵丨卮 鬲乇讴 讴賳丿責
...
丕锂旓寒 锖ｏ捍锖庁ㄛ� 锂旓寒锘筹华 锘э粶锘淮锘⒇� 丌賳 锘忥虎 锘护锃斤划賳 锖戯簬乇蹖 锖筹花锂曪淮锘� 锖戯寒 丿锘燂护锖庂� 賲蹖锘ｏ簬锘э邯.
...
趩賴 丌乇丕賲亘禺卮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賴鈥屭з� 禺賵丿 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴賳蹖賲.
...
锘ｏ簬 锘э簰锖庯怀锖� 锖戯粶锘悍锘达虎 丌賳 锃硷淮锖佰� 乇丕 锘涳华 锘э淮锖达簶锘达虎 夭锘э邯诏蹖 锘涳花锘达虎. 锃硷划賳 丿乇 丌賳 锖伙划乇鬲 丌锘筹簬 锖э邯丕 乇丕 锖戀€锘� 锖筹酣锖� 锘э畷锖佖団€屫э怀锘⒇� 锘ｏ簬 丕锘э捍锖庯户锘达虎貙 丕賵乇賱. 锘ｏ簬 锖戯簬锘筹邯 锘э酣賭锖达簴 夭锘э邯诏蹖 锘涳花锘达虎貙 锃橈翰 丌賳锂旓簬賴貙 锖戯粻锘� 丌賳锂旓簬賴 賲蹖锖楋划丕賳蹖賲 賮賱爻賮赖锖戯簬賮蹖 锘涳花锘达虎.
...
锃硷畷锘户锘� 賲蹖锖楋划丕賳蹖 锘ｏ淮锖庂� 锖燂捍锘� 賵 乇賵丨 锖楋粩锖庂堌� 锘楋簬锖嬶粸 卮賵蹖責 丌锘筹簬 丕锘筹沪 丿锖э簬锘燂簴 丿乇 锘涳簬乇 丌锘擄寒锘筹花锖� 丌锘擄寒蹖丿锂旓簬乇 锘ｏ氦锖达划亘 賳賲蹖锖凤划丿責
...
锘ｏ沪 锖戯华 锖э邯丕蹖蹖 锘涳华 丕夭 丌丿賲 锘楋寒锖戯簬賳蹖 賲蹖锖э划丕锘邯 锖戯簬賵乇 锘э邯丕乇賲. 锘ｏ沪 锖戯华 锖э邯丕蹖蹖 锘涳华 夭锘э邯诏蹖 夭賳蹖 乇丕 锖戯华 锖戯簬丿 賲蹖鈥屫猾锖� 锖楋簬 乇賵丨 锘ｏ寒丿蹖 乇丕 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 讴賳丿 丕蹖賲丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲.
...
诏賵蹖蹖 讴賴 噩丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賵噩賵丿 鬲賵 亘賵丿.
...
锖戯花锖庯簯锖� 锘楋簬锘嬶邯賴貙 锘寒 锖燂簬 锘嬶粯锘� 賵 锖э寒丿 亘蹖卮鬲乇 锖戯簬锖凤邯貙 锘嬶焊锘� 锘ｏ氦锘� 讴賲鬲乇蹖 丕夭 丕锘嬶寒丕亘 丿丕乇丿.
...
锖楋划 锘嬶焊锘� 乇丕 丕锘э粶锖庁� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃�. 锖凤簬锘筹邯 锖戯焊锘� 丌賳 乇丕 锖戯酣锖革淮锖�. 丕賲丕 丕賳讴丕乇 锘嬶焊锘� 锖戯华 锘э簬賲 锖э邯丕賵锘э邯責
June 22, 2011
Well life is short indeed! I really liked the book. Looking forward to reading another book by Jostein Gaarder.
August 3, 2018
趩賴 賵丨卮鬲賳丕讴 亘賵丿.
July 28, 2019
艩turo i neinformativno pismo Florije Emilije biv拧e dru啪benice 膷oveka koji je postao Sveti Augustin. Tekst se oslanja na citate iz Augutinovih Confesija, dela poznatog u filozofskom svetu kao autobiografija ali i meditacija o 啪ivotu, odricanju, religiji i vremenu. Gaarder kopira ponekad i po pola stranice iz Confesija potom komentari拧u膰i izkopirani deo u par re膷enica. Lik Florije je neobi膷an utoliko 拧to je ona postala u膷ena 啪ena u to vreme, ali to je bio neophodni preduslov pri膷e da bi autor kroz nju mogao da izka啪e svoje filozofske misli. Sve u svemu, ve啪ba u selektivnom 膷itanju jednog dela iz odre膽ene perspektive鈥攑ro膰erdan potencijal za mnogo dublju analizu.
June 12, 2014
This book has more than one title. The version I read was titled That Same Flower. I'm wondering if it has one title in English, and another title for all other languages. I have recently written a book on the same topic as this book: the relationship between Saint Augustine and his beloved mistress (). So, when I found out about this earlier book, I was very eager to read it. Please indulge me: this review is long and consists mostly of comparing my book to Mr. Gaarder's.
It is interesting to me to see how two different authors treat the same topic. One author is a seasoned novelist and former Philosophy professor (Gaarder). The other is a first-time novelist with only a BA鈥檚 worth of background in Philosophy and Church history (that would be me).
First, the name of Augustine鈥檚 mistress has not come down to us through history. In his excellent biography of , Garry Wills names her Una. I named her Leona. Gaarder gives her the lovely name Floria. Since this is a review of Gaarder鈥檚 book, I will use the name Floria throughout this review.
Gaarder鈥檚 book is written in a different style from mine. His is an epistolary novel, in the form of a letter from Floria to Augustine, upon the publication of his , many years after they have parted. My book is written as a traditional narrative novel with some elements of historical romance 鈥� although it is not a genre romance since we know from the outset that the boy and girl will not end up together happily ever after.
It is not surprising, though, that both of us wrote in first person. Floria is a character who cries out for her own voice. Both of us gave her a very strong personality. Again, this isn鈥檛 surprising. History tells us almost nothing about her, but she surely must have been an extraordinary woman to have been beloved for many years by the great Augustine. I was pleased to find that Gaarder put her in an intellectual role with Augustine very similar to what I did: she is a critic. She has a sharp intellect of her own and frequently challenges him.
Where the history is uncertain, Gaarder and I took Floria in slightly different directions. In the Confessions, Augustine claims that he put her aside, and Gaarder鈥檚 version of the story accepts this claim. For this reason, Floria鈥檚 tone in her letter is understandably somewhat bitter and regretful. I took the position that maybe Augustine was indulging in a little literary license. I had her end the relationship in my version of the story. I was struggling very hard to make sure she had agency. Since I was telling her story, I wanted her in charge of her fate as much as possible, so I took a little license there.
In Gaarder鈥檚 letter, Floria is apparently not a Christian. This allows her to deliver a sharper criticism of the Confessions. Again, nobody knows, but the assumption of most historians is that Floria entered some version of a convent, which would imply that she accepted Christianity. I took her that route.
I love the arguments that Gaarder gives to Floria. First, he has her argue strongly for the pleasures of this world, against Augustine鈥檚 severe late-life asceticism. Second, the letter is strongly feminist. She attacks the anti-woman position of the patriarchal Abrahamic religions, the identification of all women with Eve and sin. In one powerful scene from the letter, which I will not give away, she demonstrates the practical effects on both women and men of this notion that men鈥檚 sins are women鈥檚 fault.
I similarly made Floria a feminist and more of a sensualist than Augustine, but because mine is a narrative novel, she makes her arguments more through her actions in my telling. Even once she joins the church, she is the kind of Christian who places priority on Christ鈥檚 command to 鈥渄o unto others,鈥� to live her faith rather than 鈥渨alk with the theologians鈥� as she criticizes Augustine for doing in Gaarder鈥檚 telling.
It was an absolute delight for me to read this book, and to see how someone else, with more background and experience than I have, treated a subject about which I am very passionate.
It is interesting to me to see how two different authors treat the same topic. One author is a seasoned novelist and former Philosophy professor (Gaarder). The other is a first-time novelist with only a BA鈥檚 worth of background in Philosophy and Church history (that would be me).
First, the name of Augustine鈥檚 mistress has not come down to us through history. In his excellent biography of , Garry Wills names her Una. I named her Leona. Gaarder gives her the lovely name Floria. Since this is a review of Gaarder鈥檚 book, I will use the name Floria throughout this review.
Gaarder鈥檚 book is written in a different style from mine. His is an epistolary novel, in the form of a letter from Floria to Augustine, upon the publication of his , many years after they have parted. My book is written as a traditional narrative novel with some elements of historical romance 鈥� although it is not a genre romance since we know from the outset that the boy and girl will not end up together happily ever after.
It is not surprising, though, that both of us wrote in first person. Floria is a character who cries out for her own voice. Both of us gave her a very strong personality. Again, this isn鈥檛 surprising. History tells us almost nothing about her, but she surely must have been an extraordinary woman to have been beloved for many years by the great Augustine. I was pleased to find that Gaarder put her in an intellectual role with Augustine very similar to what I did: she is a critic. She has a sharp intellect of her own and frequently challenges him.
Where the history is uncertain, Gaarder and I took Floria in slightly different directions. In the Confessions, Augustine claims that he put her aside, and Gaarder鈥檚 version of the story accepts this claim. For this reason, Floria鈥檚 tone in her letter is understandably somewhat bitter and regretful. I took the position that maybe Augustine was indulging in a little literary license. I had her end the relationship in my version of the story. I was struggling very hard to make sure she had agency. Since I was telling her story, I wanted her in charge of her fate as much as possible, so I took a little license there.
In Gaarder鈥檚 letter, Floria is apparently not a Christian. This allows her to deliver a sharper criticism of the Confessions. Again, nobody knows, but the assumption of most historians is that Floria entered some version of a convent, which would imply that she accepted Christianity. I took her that route.
I love the arguments that Gaarder gives to Floria. First, he has her argue strongly for the pleasures of this world, against Augustine鈥檚 severe late-life asceticism. Second, the letter is strongly feminist. She attacks the anti-woman position of the patriarchal Abrahamic religions, the identification of all women with Eve and sin. In one powerful scene from the letter, which I will not give away, she demonstrates the practical effects on both women and men of this notion that men鈥檚 sins are women鈥檚 fault.
I similarly made Floria a feminist and more of a sensualist than Augustine, but because mine is a narrative novel, she makes her arguments more through her actions in my telling. Even once she joins the church, she is the kind of Christian who places priority on Christ鈥檚 command to 鈥渄o unto others,鈥� to live her faith rather than 鈥渨alk with the theologians鈥� as she criticizes Augustine for doing in Gaarder鈥檚 telling.
It was an absolute delight for me to read this book, and to see how someone else, with more background and experience than I have, treated a subject about which I am very passionate.
May 18, 2015
鬲丕 丨丿賵丿賽 賳氐賮賴鈥屬囏ж� 亘賴鈥屬嗀肛辟� 賲賱丕賱鈥屫①堌� 丕賵賲丿貨 賵賱蹖 亘賴 禺賵賳丿賳 丕丿丕賲賴 丿丕丿賲. 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 诏賮鬲 禺賵卮鈥屬� 丕賵賲丿貨 丕賲丕 亘丿賲 賴賲 賳蹖賵賲丿. 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 賽 丿丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屫促� 鬲丨爻蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁呚� 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 賽 賳丕賲賴 亘卮賴 賯氐賴鈥屫й� 乇賵 賲胤乇丨 讴乇丿 賵 禺賵亘 賴賲 賲胤乇丨 讴乇丿. 丕賲丕 亘丕 賲丨鬲賵丕卮 趩賳丿丕賳 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘乇賯乇丕乇 賳讴乇丿賲. 卮丕蹖丿 趩賵賳 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 丕賱丕賴蹖丕鬲賽 賲爻蹖丨蹖 賵 讴賱蹖爻丕爻鬲貨 賵 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘賴 禺卮讴賽鈥屬呝傌斥€屫ㄘж槽屸€屬囏� 賵 乇賴亘丕賳蹖鬲 賵 夭賴丿賽 賲爻蹖丨蹖 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 丿丕乇賴.鈥� 丕诏賴 丕夭 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲賽 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 趩蹖夭蹖 禺賵賳丿蹖丿 蹖丕 卮賳蹖丿蹖丿貙 卮丕蹖丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮鈥屫堎� 亘蹖丕丿.
亘賴鈥屬嗀肛辟� 丕诏賴 讴爻蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯氐賴 禺賵卮卮 亘蹖丕丿貙 亘賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱 賽 夭蹖丕丿 丕夭 乇賲丕賳 賽 芦丿乇 丌賮丕賯 賽 賳賮爻禄賽 芦賲丨賲賵丿 讴蹖丕賳賵卮禄 賴賲 禺賵卮卮 禺賵丕賴丿 丕賵賲丿.鈥�
丕蹖賳 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 賳賵蹖爻賳丿踿 噩丕賱亘蹖鈥屰屬囏� 丕夭卮 禺賵卮鈥屬� 丕賵賲丿賴 賵 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賴賲踿 讴鬲丕亘丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭卮 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 乇賵 亘禺賵賳賲. 鬲毓賱蹖賯 乇賵 禺賵亘 亘賱丿賴貨 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賵 賲氐蹖亘鬲 乇賵 禺賵亘 賲睾夭倬禺鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 鬲丨賵蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵 禺賵亘 亘賱丿賴 毓丕卮賯賵賳賴 亘賳賵蹖爻賴. 賲賴賲鈥屫� 丕夭 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏� 賵 鬲氐賵乇丕鬲賽 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 賲匕賴亘蹖鈥屫促� 鬲丨鬲賽 倬賵卮卮 賽 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 乇賲丕賳 賲胤乇丨 讴賳賴貨 賵 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴賲 賲賵賮賯 毓賲賱 讴乇丿賴貨 丕蹖賳 乇蹖禺鬲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賽 乇賲丕賳鈥屭堎嗁� 亘賴 賲爻丕卅賱 賽 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 乇賵 禺蹖賱蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩迟嗀�. 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 乇賵夭蹖 亘鬲賵賳賲 鬲賵 丕蹖賳 賵丕丿蹖鈥屬囏� 賯賱賲 亘夭賳賲 賵 禺蹖賱蹖 倬禺鬲賴貙 丌乇賲丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖鈥屬呝� 亘賴鈥屫蒂堌必� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賲胤乇丨 讴賳賲.鈥� 禺丿丕蹖丕 蹖毓賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促囏�
亘賴鈥屬嗀肛辟� 丕诏賴 讴爻蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯氐賴 禺賵卮卮 亘蹖丕丿貙 亘賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱 賽 夭蹖丕丿 丕夭 乇賲丕賳 賽 芦丿乇 丌賮丕賯 賽 賳賮爻禄賽 芦賲丨賲賵丿 讴蹖丕賳賵卮禄 賴賲 禺賵卮卮 禺賵丕賴丿 丕賵賲丿.鈥�
丕蹖賳 蹖賵爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 賳賵蹖爻賳丿踿 噩丕賱亘蹖鈥屰屬囏� 丕夭卮 禺賵卮鈥屬� 丕賵賲丿賴 賵 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賴賲踿 讴鬲丕亘丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕夭卮 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 乇賵 亘禺賵賳賲. 鬲毓賱蹖賯 乇賵 禺賵亘 亘賱丿賴貨 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賵 賲氐蹖亘鬲 乇賵 禺賵亘 賲睾夭倬禺鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 鬲丨賵蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵 禺賵亘 亘賱丿賴 毓丕卮賯賵賳賴 亘賳賵蹖爻賴. 賲賴賲鈥屫� 丕夭 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏� 賵 鬲氐賵乇丕鬲賽 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 賲匕賴亘蹖鈥屫促� 鬲丨鬲賽 倬賵卮卮 賽 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 乇賲丕賳 賲胤乇丨 讴賳賴貨 賵 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴賲 賲賵賮賯 毓賲賱 讴乇丿賴貨 丕蹖賳 乇蹖禺鬲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賽 乇賲丕賳鈥屭堎嗁� 亘賴 賲爻丕卅賱 賽 賮賱爻賮蹖 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 乇賵 禺蹖賱蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩迟嗀�. 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 乇賵夭蹖 亘鬲賵賳賲 鬲賵 丕蹖賳 賵丕丿蹖鈥屬囏� 賯賱賲 亘夭賳賲 賵 禺蹖賱蹖 倬禺鬲賴貙 丌乇賲丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖鈥屬呝� 亘賴鈥屫蒂堌必� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賲胤乇丨 讴賳賲.鈥� 禺丿丕蹖丕 蹖毓賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促囏�
January 10, 2018
鈥濧rs longa, vita brevis鈥� 鈥� 袠蟹泻褍褋褌胁芯褌芯 械 胁械褔薪芯, 卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻!, 泻邪蟹胁邪 啸懈锌芯泻褉邪褌.
袥褞斜芯胁褌邪 械 胁械褔薪邪, 卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 - 斜懈 泻邪蟹邪谢 胁褋械泻懈, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉芯褔械褌械 锌褉芯褔褍胁褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯 锌懈褋屑芯 薪邪 肖谢芯褉懈褟 袝屑懈谢懈褟 写芯 薪械泄薪懈褟 胁褗蟹谢褞斜械薪 袗胁谐褍褋褌懈薪. 袦邪泻邪褉 邪胁褌械薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 锌懈褋屑芯 写邪 械 锌芯写 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 鈥淰ita brevis鈥� 薪邪 挟褋褌邪泄薪 袚芯褉写械褉 薪懈 锌芯褌邪锌褟 胁 械写懈薪 褋胁褟褌 薪邪 斜械蟹谐褉邪薪懈褔薪邪 谢褞斜芯胁, 褉邪蟹芯褔邪褉芯胁邪薪懈械, 斜芯谢泻邪 懈 锌褉懈屑懈褉械薪懈械.
孝芯胁邪 械 懈蟹谢懈褟薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 械写薪邪 写褗谢斜芯泻芯 薪邪褉邪薪械薪邪 卸械薪邪 懈 屑邪泄泻邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯褌褏胁褗褉谢械薪邪 芯褌 褋胁芯褟 谢褞斜懈屑, 薪芯 薪械 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写褉褍谐邪 卸械薪邪, 邪 蟹邪褉邪写懈 械写懈薪 鈥炑勑感恍狙佇狙勓佇盒� 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌鈥�- 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪! 袠 胁 泻褉邪泄薪邪 褋屑械褌泻邪 褋械 锌懈褌邪褕: 袣芯泄 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋械 械 褋锌邪褋懈谢 - 袗胁谐褍褋褌懈薪 袘谢邪卸械薪懈泄, 泻芯泄褌芯 胁 懈屑械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪 芯褌褉懈褔邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褔芯胁械褕泻芯, 懈谢懈 肖谢芯褉懈褟, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 锌褉懈械谢邪 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 胁 褋械斜械 褋懈? 袟邪褖芯褌芯, 泻邪蟹胁邪 褌褟: 鈥炐澬感� 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄.鈥�
袠褋褌懈薪薪芯 懈谢懈 薪械, 褌芯胁邪 锌懈褋屑芯 械 薪械 褋邪屑芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 薪邪 写胁邪屑邪 写褍褕懈, 芯斜懈褔邪褖懈 褋械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 屑薪芯谐芯, 薪芯 褉邪蟹写械谢械薪懈 芯褌 谐谢褍锌邪胁懈 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 褋褌褉械屑械卸懈. 孝芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 斜褗写械 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 薪邪 胁褋械泻懈 械写懈薪 芯褌 薪邪褋. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 薪邪 芯薪蟹懈, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉芯锌褍褋泻邪 褋屑懈褋褗谢邪!
Vita brevis 鈥� 薪械褋锌懈褉薪芯 锌芯胁褌邪褉褟 肖谢芯褉懈褟! 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 写芯泻邪褌芯 褋懈 褌褍泻, 薪邪 蟹械屑褟褌邪, 薪械 斜褟谐邪泄 芯褌 锌褗褌褟 薪邪 褔芯胁械泻邪! 袨斜懈褔邪泄! 袦芯卸械褕 写邪 褋械 写芯泻芯褋薪械褕 写芯 斜芯卸械褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯, 泻邪褌芯 锌褉械写懈 胁褋懈褔泻芯 斜褗写械褕 效芯胁械泻!
袨褌斜谢褗褋薪邪 屑械 芯褌 褋械斜械 褋懈, 锌芯薪械卸械 屑械 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 锌褉械泻邪谢械薪芯 屑薪芯谐芯, 褌邪泻邪 泻邪蟹邪. 袨斜懈褔邪泄薪芯 械 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 蟹邪写褗褉卸邪 芯薪蟹懈, 泻芯谐芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪, 薪芯 褌懈 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈 芯斜褉邪褌薪芯褌芯. 袩褉懈褔懈薪邪褌邪 斜械褕械, 褔械 胁械褔械 斜械 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢 写邪 谐谢械写邪褕 褋 锌褉械蟹褉械薪懈械 薪邪 锌谢褗褌褋泻邪褌邪 谢褞斜芯胁 屑械卸写褍 屑褗卸邪 懈 卸械薪邪褌邪. 小屑褟褌邪褕械, 褔械 邪蟹 褌械 芯斜胁褗褉蟹胁邪屑 褋褗褋 褋胁械褌邪 薪邪 褔褍胁褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯 懈 锌芯 褌芯蟹懈 薪邪褔懈薪 薪褟屑邪褕 胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌 写邪 褋械 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉懈褉邪褕 胁褗褉褏褍 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪 褋懈. 袠 褌邪泻邪, 芯褌 褌芯蟹懈 褌胁芯泄 斜褉邪泻 薪械 懈蟹谢械蟹械 薪懈褖芯. 袘芯谐 懈褋泻邪 锌褉械写懈 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 卸懈胁械械 胁褗胁 胁褗蟹写褗褉卸邪薪懈械, 锌懈褕械褕 褌懈. 袧邪 褌邪泻褗胁 袘芯谐 邪蟹 薪褟屑邪屑 薪懈泻邪泻胁邪 胁褟褉邪...
袧芯 蟹邪褖芯? 袟邪褖芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪 锌芯-褋懈谢薪芯, 芯褌泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 屑械薪... 袧芯 薪械 械 谢懈 胁懈褋褕邪 褎芯褉屑邪 薪邪 懈蟹屑褟薪邪 写邪 懈蟹芯褋褌邪胁懈褕 谢褞斜懈屑邪褌邪 褋懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪?
袧懈械 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄. 袠 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 屑褗卸 懈 卸械薪邪... 袧械 褌褉褟斜胁邪 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪屑械 写邪 卸懈胁械械屑 泻邪褌芯 薪械褖芯 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪芯 芯褌 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 褋屑械...
袗蟹 泻邪蟹邪褏: " 袛褉褗卸 褋械 蟹写褉邪胁芯 蟹邪 屑械薪. 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 薪械 械 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 薪褟泻邪泻胁邪 胁械褔薪芯褋褌 蟹邪 薪邪褕懈褌械 泻褉械褏泻懈 写褍褕懈. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 卸懈胁械械屑 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪芯 褌褍泻."
袟邪 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪 褌懈 卸械谢邪褟 褋邪屑芯 写芯斜褉芯. 袧芯 卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 邪 邪蟹 蟹薪邪屑 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 屑邪谢泻芯...
袧邪懈褋褌懈薪邪, 锌懈褌邪屑 褋械 蟹邪褖芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈屑 薪械褖芯 写褉褍谐芯? 袠屑邪屑 锌褉械写胁懈写: 袟邪褖芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈屑 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 胁械褉芯褟褌薪芯 薪械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪?
袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 褔械 薪褟屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 锌褉芯懈蟹薪邪褋褟屑械 锌褉懈褋褗写邪 薪邪写 谢褞斜芯胁褌邪. 孝褉褟斜胁邪 锌褗褉胁芯 写邪 卸懈胁械械屑, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄, 懈 褔邪泻 褋谢械 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械屑 写邪 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋褌胁邪屑械... 小屑褟褌邪屑, 褔械 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 胁懈褋芯泻芯屑械褉懈械 写邪 褋械 芯褌褏胁褗褉谢褟 褌芯蟹懈 卸懈胁芯褌 - 褋 胁褋懈褔泻懈 薪械谐芯胁懈 蟹械屑薪懈 褉邪写芯褋褌懈 - 蟹邪褉邪写懈 械写薪芯 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪薪懈械, 泻芯械褌芯 械 屑芯卸械 斜懈 褋邪屑芯 邪斜褋褌褉邪泻褑懈褟... 袞懈胁芯褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄. 袧懈械 懈屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 褋械 薪邪写褟胁邪屑械 薪邪 写褉褍谐 卸懈胁芯褌 褋谢械写 褌芯蟹懈. 袧芯 薪褟屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 褋械 芯褌薪邪褋褟屑械 泻褗屑 写褉褍谐懈褌械 懈 泻褗屑 褋邪屑懈褌械 褋械斜械 褋懈 蟹谢械, 泻邪褌芯 泻褗屑 薪褟泻邪泻胁芯 褋褉械写褋褌胁芯 蟹邪 锌芯褋褌懈谐邪薪械 薪邪 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪薪懈械, 蟹邪 泻芯械褌芯 薪懈褖芯 薪械 蟹薪邪械屑...
袗泻芯 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 袘芯谐, 斜懈 褌褉褟斜胁邪谢芯 写邪 胁懈 锌褉芯褋褌懈. 袧芯 屑芯卸械 斜懈 械写懈薪 写械薪 褖械 斜褗写械褌械 褋褗写械薪懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 胁褋懈褔泻懈 芯薪械蟹懈 卸懈褌械泄褋泻懈 褉邪写芯褋褌懈, 薪邪 泻芯懈褌芯 褋褌械 芯斜褗褉薪邪谢懈 谐褉褗斜? 袙懈械 芯褌褉懈褔邪褌械 谢褞斜芯胁褌邪 屑械卸写褍 屑褗卸邪 懈 卸械薪邪褌邪. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋械 锌褉芯褋褌懈. 袧芯 胁懈械 谐芯 锌褉邪胁懈褌械 胁 懈屑械褌芯 薪邪 袘芯谐邪.
袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 薪懈械 蟹薪邪械屑 锌褉械泻邪谢械薪芯 屑邪谢泻芯...袧械 芯褌 袘芯谐 褋械 褋褌褉邪褏褍胁邪屑. 效褍胁褋褌胁邪屑, 褔械 胁械褔械 卸懈胁械褟 褋 薪械谐芯, 邪 薪械 械 谢懈 褌芯泄 屑芯泄 褋褗蟹写邪褌械谢?
袠蟹 "Vita brevis" - 挟褋褌邪泄薪 袚芯褉写械褉
袩褉械胁芯写 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟 袚芯褋锌芯写懈薪芯胁邪
袥褞斜芯胁褌邪 械 胁械褔薪邪, 卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 - 斜懈 泻邪蟹邪谢 胁褋械泻懈, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉芯褔械褌械 锌褉芯褔褍胁褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯 锌懈褋屑芯 薪邪 肖谢芯褉懈褟 袝屑懈谢懈褟 写芯 薪械泄薪懈褟 胁褗蟹谢褞斜械薪 袗胁谐褍褋褌懈薪. 袦邪泻邪褉 邪胁褌械薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌褌邪 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 锌懈褋屑芯 写邪 械 锌芯写 胁褗锌褉芯褋, 鈥淰ita brevis鈥� 薪邪 挟褋褌邪泄薪 袚芯褉写械褉 薪懈 锌芯褌邪锌褟 胁 械写懈薪 褋胁褟褌 薪邪 斜械蟹谐褉邪薪懈褔薪邪 谢褞斜芯胁, 褉邪蟹芯褔邪褉芯胁邪薪懈械, 斜芯谢泻邪 懈 锌褉懈屑懈褉械薪懈械.
孝芯胁邪 械 懈蟹谢懈褟薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 械写薪邪 写褗谢斜芯泻芯 薪邪褉邪薪械薪邪 卸械薪邪 懈 屑邪泄泻邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯褌褏胁褗褉谢械薪邪 芯褌 褋胁芯褟 谢褞斜懈屑, 薪芯 薪械 蟹邪褉邪写懈 写褉褍谐邪 卸械薪邪, 邪 蟹邪褉邪写懈 械写懈薪 鈥炑勑感恍狙佇狙勓佇盒� 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌鈥�- 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪! 袠 胁 泻褉邪泄薪邪 褋屑械褌泻邪 褋械 锌懈褌邪褕: 袣芯泄 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋械 械 褋锌邪褋懈谢 - 袗胁谐褍褋褌懈薪 袘谢邪卸械薪懈泄, 泻芯泄褌芯 胁 懈屑械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪 芯褌褉懈褔邪 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褔芯胁械褕泻芯, 懈谢懈 肖谢芯褉懈褟, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 锌褉懈械谢邪 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 胁 褋械斜械 褋懈? 袟邪褖芯褌芯, 泻邪蟹胁邪 褌褟: 鈥炐澬感� 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄.鈥�
袠褋褌懈薪薪芯 懈谢懈 薪械, 褌芯胁邪 锌懈褋屑芯 械 薪械 褋邪屑芯 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 薪邪 写胁邪屑邪 写褍褕懈, 芯斜懈褔邪褖懈 褋械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 屑薪芯谐芯, 薪芯 褉邪蟹写械谢械薪懈 芯褌 谐谢褍锌邪胁懈 褔芯胁械褕泻懈 褋褌褉械屑械卸懈. 孝芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 斜褗写械 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟褌邪 薪邪 胁褋械泻懈 械写懈薪 芯褌 薪邪褋. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褟 薪邪 芯薪蟹懈, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉芯锌褍褋泻邪 褋屑懈褋褗谢邪!
Vita brevis 鈥� 薪械褋锌懈褉薪芯 锌芯胁褌邪褉褟 肖谢芯褉懈褟! 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 写芯泻邪褌芯 褋懈 褌褍泻, 薪邪 蟹械屑褟褌邪, 薪械 斜褟谐邪泄 芯褌 锌褗褌褟 薪邪 褔芯胁械泻邪! 袨斜懈褔邪泄! 袦芯卸械褕 写邪 褋械 写芯泻芯褋薪械褕 写芯 斜芯卸械褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯, 泻邪褌芯 锌褉械写懈 胁褋懈褔泻芯 斜褗写械褕 效芯胁械泻!
袨褌斜谢褗褋薪邪 屑械 芯褌 褋械斜械 褋懈, 锌芯薪械卸械 屑械 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 锌褉械泻邪谢械薪芯 屑薪芯谐芯, 褌邪泻邪 泻邪蟹邪. 袨斜懈褔邪泄薪芯 械 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 蟹邪写褗褉卸邪 芯薪蟹懈, 泻芯谐芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪, 薪芯 褌懈 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈 芯斜褉邪褌薪芯褌芯. 袩褉懈褔懈薪邪褌邪 斜械褕械, 褔械 胁械褔械 斜械 蟹邪锌芯褔薪邪谢 写邪 谐谢械写邪褕 褋 锌褉械蟹褉械薪懈械 薪邪 锌谢褗褌褋泻邪褌邪 谢褞斜芯胁 屑械卸写褍 屑褗卸邪 懈 卸械薪邪褌邪. 小屑褟褌邪褕械, 褔械 邪蟹 褌械 芯斜胁褗褉蟹胁邪屑 褋褗褋 褋胁械褌邪 薪邪 褔褍胁褋褌胁械薪芯褌芯 懈 锌芯 褌芯蟹懈 薪邪褔懈薪 薪褟屑邪褕 胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌 写邪 褋械 泻芯薪褑械薪褌褉懈褉邪褕 胁褗褉褏褍 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪 褋懈. 袠 褌邪泻邪, 芯褌 褌芯蟹懈 褌胁芯泄 斜褉邪泻 薪械 懈蟹谢械蟹械 薪懈褖芯. 袘芯谐 懈褋泻邪 锌褉械写懈 胁褋懈褔泻芯 褔芯胁械泻 写邪 卸懈胁械械 胁褗胁 胁褗蟹写褗褉卸邪薪懈械, 锌懈褕械褕 褌懈. 袧邪 褌邪泻褗胁 袘芯谐 邪蟹 薪褟屑邪屑 薪懈泻邪泻胁邪 胁褟褉邪...
袧芯 蟹邪褖芯? 袟邪褖芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪 锌芯-褋懈谢薪芯, 芯褌泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 芯斜懈褔邪褕械 屑械薪... 袧芯 薪械 械 谢懈 胁懈褋褕邪 褎芯褉屑邪 薪邪 懈蟹屑褟薪邪 写邪 懈蟹芯褋褌邪胁懈褕 谢褞斜懈屑邪褌邪 褋懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 写褍褕邪?
袧懈械 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 褏芯褉邪, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄. 袠 褋屑械 褋褗蟹写邪写械薪懈 泻邪褌芯 屑褗卸 懈 卸械薪邪... 袧械 褌褉褟斜胁邪 写邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪屑械 写邪 卸懈胁械械屑 泻邪褌芯 薪械褖芯 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪芯 芯褌 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 褋屑械...
袗蟹 泻邪蟹邪褏: " 袛褉褗卸 褋械 蟹写褉邪胁芯 蟹邪 屑械薪. 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 薪械 械 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 薪褟泻邪泻胁邪 胁械褔薪芯褋褌 蟹邪 薪邪褕懈褌械 泻褉械褏泻懈 写褍褕懈. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 卸懈胁械械屑 械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪芯 褌褍泻."
袟邪 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 薪邪 写褍褕邪褌邪 褌懈 卸械谢邪褟 褋邪屑芯 写芯斜褉芯. 袧芯 卸懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 邪 邪蟹 蟹薪邪屑 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 屑邪谢泻芯...
袧邪懈褋褌懈薪邪, 锌懈褌邪屑 褋械 蟹邪褖芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈屑 薪械褖芯 写褉褍谐芯? 袠屑邪屑 锌褉械写胁懈写: 袟邪褖芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈屑 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 胁械褉芯褟褌薪芯 薪械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪?
袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 褔械 薪褟屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 锌褉芯懈蟹薪邪褋褟屑械 锌褉懈褋褗写邪 薪邪写 谢褞斜芯胁褌邪. 孝褉褟斜胁邪 锌褗褉胁芯 写邪 卸懈胁械械屑, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄, 懈 褔邪泻 褋谢械 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械屑 写邪 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋褌胁邪屑械... 小屑褟褌邪屑, 褔械 褔芯胁械褕泻芯褌芯 胁懈褋芯泻芯屑械褉懈械 写邪 褋械 芯褌褏胁褗褉谢褟 褌芯蟹懈 卸懈胁芯褌 - 褋 胁褋懈褔泻懈 薪械谐芯胁懈 蟹械屑薪懈 褉邪写芯褋褌懈 - 蟹邪褉邪写懈 械写薪芯 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪薪懈械, 泻芯械褌芯 械 屑芯卸械 斜懈 褋邪屑芯 邪斜褋褌褉邪泻褑懈褟... 袞懈胁芯褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻, 袗胁褉械谢懈泄. 袧懈械 懈屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 褋械 薪邪写褟胁邪屑械 薪邪 写褉褍谐 卸懈胁芯褌 褋谢械写 褌芯蟹懈. 袧芯 薪褟屑邪屑械 锌褉邪胁芯 写邪 褋械 芯褌薪邪褋褟屑械 泻褗屑 写褉褍谐懈褌械 懈 泻褗屑 褋邪屑懈褌械 褋械斜械 褋懈 蟹谢械, 泻邪褌芯 泻褗屑 薪褟泻邪泻胁芯 褋褉械写褋褌胁芯 蟹邪 锌芯褋褌懈谐邪薪械 薪邪 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪薪懈械, 蟹邪 泻芯械褌芯 薪懈褖芯 薪械 蟹薪邪械屑...
袗泻芯 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 袘芯谐, 斜懈 褌褉褟斜胁邪谢芯 写邪 胁懈 锌褉芯褋褌懈. 袧芯 屑芯卸械 斜懈 械写懈薪 写械薪 褖械 斜褗写械褌械 褋褗写械薪懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 胁褋懈褔泻懈 芯薪械蟹懈 卸懈褌械泄褋泻懈 褉邪写芯褋褌懈, 薪邪 泻芯懈褌芯 褋褌械 芯斜褗褉薪邪谢懈 谐褉褗斜? 袙懈械 芯褌褉懈褔邪褌械 谢褞斜芯胁褌邪 屑械卸写褍 屑褗卸邪 懈 卸械薪邪褌邪. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 褌芯胁邪 屑芯卸械 写邪 褋械 锌褉芯褋褌懈. 袧芯 胁懈械 谐芯 锌褉邪胁懈褌械 胁 懈屑械褌芯 薪邪 袘芯谐邪.
袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 泻褉邪褌褗泻 懈 薪懈械 蟹薪邪械屑 锌褉械泻邪谢械薪芯 屑邪谢泻芯...袧械 芯褌 袘芯谐 褋械 褋褌褉邪褏褍胁邪屑. 效褍胁褋褌胁邪屑, 褔械 胁械褔械 卸懈胁械褟 褋 薪械谐芯, 邪 薪械 械 谢懈 褌芯泄 屑芯泄 褋褗蟹写邪褌械谢?
袠蟹 "Vita brevis" - 挟褋褌邪泄薪 袚芯褉写械褉
袩褉械胁芯写 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟 袚芯褋锌芯写懈薪芯胁邪
April 5, 2017
丕賲乇賵夭 賯氐丿 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴鬲丕亘 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲 丕夭 蹖丕爻鬲蹖賳 诏賵乇丿乇 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賳乇賵跇蹖 賵 丕爻鬲丕丿 賮賱爻賮赖 乇丕 讴賴 賲鬲丕爻賮丕賳賴 丌孬丕乇 亘丕 丕乇夭卮卮 丿乇丕蹖乇丕賳 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 賳蹖爻鬲 亘倬乇丿丕夭賲貙 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘丕 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 讴卮蹖丿賳 賲讴鬲亘 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴貙 賳賯丿蹖 亘乇 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賲毓乇賵賮 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 賯丕賱亘 賳丕賲賴鈥屫й� 讴賵鬲丕賴 賵 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屰� 丿賵乇丕賳 噩賵丕賳蹖 丕賵 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴. 讴鬲丕亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 佟贍贍 氐賮丨賴 丕蹖 亘丕 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 賵 鬲兀孬蹖乇 诏匕丕乇 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 爻蹖乇蹖 乇賵丕賳貙 丿乇 賳賯丿 鬲賲丕蹖賱丕鬲 賲鬲氐亘丕賳賴 賵 禺卮讴 賯丿蹖爻 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賳鬲賳賴丕 夭賲丕賳 夭蹖丕丿蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲胤丕賱毓賴 丕夭 卮賲丕 賳禺賵丕賴丿 诏乇賮鬲貙 丿乇爻賴丕蹖蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賳蹖夭 亘賴 卮賲丕 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲賵禺鬲.丿乇 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖 禺賵丕賳蹖賲:
鬲賲丕賲蹖 丕賲賵乇 蹖丕賵賴 賵 倬賵趩 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲 賵 亘诏匕乇蹖賲 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 蹖讴爻乇賴 賵賯賮 噩爻鬲賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 讴賳蹖賲.夭賳丿诏蹖 丨賯蹖乇 丕爻鬲 賵 爻丕毓鬲 賲乇诏 賳丕賲毓賱賵賲貨 趩賵賳 亘賴 賳丕诏丕賴 丿乇 乇爻丿貙 丿乇 趩賴 丨丕賱蹖 丕夭 丿賳蹖丕 乇禺鬲 亘乇 禺賵丕賴賲 亘爻鬲責 賵 丌賳趩賴 乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 丌賲賵禺鬲賳卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕 爻賴賱鈥屫з嗂ж臂� 讴乇丿賲貙 讴噩丕 禺賵丕賴賲 丌賲賵禺鬲責
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 芦 賲丕乇讴賵爻 丕賵乇賱蹖賵爻 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 賲毓乇賵賮 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻貙 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賵 賳馗乇蹖賴 倬乇丿丕夭 賯乇賳 鄞 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲丕乇讴賵爻 丿乇 噩賵丕賳蹖 毓丕卮賯 丿禺鬲乇蹖 賴賲爻賳 禺賵丿 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 丌賲賱蹖丕禄 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 丿賵丕夭丿賴 爻丕賱 丕夭 毓賲乇卮 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 睾蹖乇乇爻賲蹖 亘丕 丕賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 亘賴 毓賱賲 賵 丨讴賲鬲 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 爻賳蹖賳 讴賲貙 賲賯丕賲 賲丿乇爻 賵 禺胤蹖亘 爻賱胤賳鬲蹖 乇丕 讴爻亘 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 倬爻 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴鈥屰� 丌孬丕乇 爻蹖爻乇賵賳 ( 禺胤蹖亘 賵 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屰� 乇賵賲蹖) 亘賴 賮賱爻賮赖 賵 鬲噩乇蹖丿 乇賵蹖 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖 乇賵丨丕賳蹖 丿乇 賵噩賵丿 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 卮讴賱 賲蹖鈥屭屫必� 賵 噩賱賵賴鈥屬囏й� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲丕丿蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇卮 乇賳诏 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘж藏�. 倬爻 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 讴賴 蹖丕丿诏丕乇 丕蹖丕賲 睾賮賱鬲 賵 賳賲丕丿 賵爻賵爻賴 賵 賲毓氐蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫必з嗀� 賵 鬲賵賾丕亘丕賳賴 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 乇賴亘丕賳蹖鬲 讴賱蹖爻丕 賲蹖鈥屬聚屬堎嗀�. 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 亘毓丿 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 丕爻賯賮 亘夭乇诏 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 賴蹖倬賵乇诏蹖賵爻 卮丿 賲噩賱賾丿 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賲卮賴賵乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫池�.
亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 :
丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丿賴賲貙 丕賳夭噩丕乇鬲 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 丨賵丕爻 賵 賱丕噩乇賲 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 丕賱賴蹖 鬲丕讴蹖丿 丿丕乇丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 禺賵丿 丨爻鈥屬囏� 賴賲 賲賳夭噩乇蹖鈥� 诏賵蹖丕 丨鬲蹖 卮乇賲鬲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 亘禺賵乇蹖貙 趩賵賳 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 禺賵卮鬲 亘蹖丕蹖丿. 丕賲丕 丨丕賱丕 禺丿丕賵賳丿 亘賴 鬲賵 丌賲賵禺鬲賴 讴賴 芦 睾匕丕 乇丕 賴賲丕賳 诏賵賳賴 賲氐乇賮 讴賳賲 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 丿丕乇賵 乇丕 亘賴 讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必�. 賲亘丕乇讴鬲 亘丕卮丿! 丨鬲蹖 鬲氐賵乇卮 賴賲 丨丕賱 賲乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屫й�: 芦 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賳 丕蹖賳 讴賴 亘丿丕賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 睾匕丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕丿丕賲賴鈥屰� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賱丕夭賲 丕爻鬲貙 蹖丕 賱匕鬲蹖 倬賳賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲丕 胤賱亘 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丌爻丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲禄. 賳賴貙 丕蹖 賵丕蹖 賲賳貙 丕爻賯賮鈥� 賲賳 卮禺氐丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲丕鬲 爻丕丿賴 丕夭 賴賵乇丕爻 丕乇噩丕毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�: 芦 趩賴 丌乇丕賲卮鈥屫ㄘ� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賴鈥屭з� 禺賵丿 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴賳蹖賲.禄
丿乇 丕賳鬲賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 噩賳爻 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 丨丕賱 賵 賴賵丕蹖 丕賳 亘丕 賮乇賴賳诏 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖 讴賳賲
鬲賲丕賲蹖 丕賲賵乇 蹖丕賵賴 賵 倬賵趩 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲 賵 亘诏匕乇蹖賲 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 蹖讴爻乇賴 賵賯賮 噩爻鬲賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 讴賳蹖賲.夭賳丿诏蹖 丨賯蹖乇 丕爻鬲 賵 爻丕毓鬲 賲乇诏 賳丕賲毓賱賵賲貨 趩賵賳 亘賴 賳丕诏丕賴 丿乇 乇爻丿貙 丿乇 趩賴 丨丕賱蹖 丕夭 丿賳蹖丕 乇禺鬲 亘乇 禺賵丕賴賲 亘爻鬲責 賵 丌賳趩賴 乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 丌賲賵禺鬲賳卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕 爻賴賱鈥屫з嗂ж臂� 讴乇丿賲貙 讴噩丕 禺賵丕賴賲 丌賲賵禺鬲責
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 芦 賲丕乇讴賵爻 丕賵乇賱蹖賵爻 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳禄 賲毓乇賵賮 亘賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻貙 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 賵 賳馗乇蹖賴 倬乇丿丕夭 賯乇賳 鄞 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲丕乇讴賵爻 丿乇 噩賵丕賳蹖 毓丕卮賯 丿禺鬲乇蹖 賴賲爻賳 禺賵丿 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 丌賲賱蹖丕禄 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 丿賵丕夭丿賴 爻丕賱 丕夭 毓賲乇卮 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 睾蹖乇乇爻賲蹖 亘丕 丕賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 亘賴 毓賱賲 賵 丨讴賲鬲 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 爻賳蹖賳 讴賲貙 賲賯丕賲 賲丿乇爻 賵 禺胤蹖亘 爻賱胤賳鬲蹖 乇丕 讴爻亘 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 倬爻 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴鈥屰� 丌孬丕乇 爻蹖爻乇賵賳 ( 禺胤蹖亘 賵 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屰� 乇賵賲蹖) 亘賴 賮賱爻賮赖 賵 鬲噩乇蹖丿 乇賵蹖 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖 乇賵丨丕賳蹖 丿乇 賵噩賵丿 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 卮讴賱 賲蹖鈥屭屫必� 賵 噩賱賵賴鈥屬囏й� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲丕丿蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇卮 乇賳诏 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘж藏�. 倬爻 賲毓卮賵賯賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 讴賴 蹖丕丿诏丕乇 丕蹖丕賲 睾賮賱鬲 賵 賳賲丕丿 賵爻賵爻賴 賵 賲毓氐蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 丕夭 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫必з嗀� 賵 鬲賵賾丕亘丕賳賴 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 乇賴亘丕賳蹖鬲 讴賱蹖爻丕 賲蹖鈥屬聚屬堎嗀�. 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 亘毓丿 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 丕爻賯賮 亘夭乇诏 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 賴蹖倬賵乇诏蹖賵爻 卮丿 賲噩賱賾丿 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賲卮賴賵乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫池�.
亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 :
丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丿賴賲貙 丕賳夭噩丕乇鬲 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 丨賵丕爻 賵 賱丕噩乇賲 丌賮乇蹖賳卮 丕賱賴蹖 鬲丕讴蹖丿 丿丕乇丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 禺賵丿 丨爻鈥屬囏� 賴賲 賲賳夭噩乇蹖鈥� 诏賵蹖丕 丨鬲蹖 卮乇賲鬲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 亘禺賵乇蹖貙 趩賵賳 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 禺賵卮鬲 亘蹖丕蹖丿. 丕賲丕 丨丕賱丕 禺丿丕賵賳丿 亘賴 鬲賵 丌賲賵禺鬲賴 讴賴 芦 睾匕丕 乇丕 賴賲丕賳 诏賵賳賴 賲氐乇賮 讴賳賲 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 丿丕乇賵 乇丕 亘賴 讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必�. 賲亘丕乇讴鬲 亘丕卮丿! 丨鬲蹖 鬲氐賵乇卮 賴賲 丨丕賱 賲乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屫й�: 芦 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賳 丕蹖賳 讴賴 亘丿丕賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 睾匕丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕丿丕賲賴鈥屰� 夭賳丿诏蹖 賱丕夭賲 丕爻鬲貙 蹖丕 賱匕鬲蹖 倬賳賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲丕 胤賱亘 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丌爻丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲禄. 賳賴貙 丕蹖 賵丕蹖 賲賳貙 丕爻賯賮鈥� 賲賳 卮禺氐丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲丕鬲 爻丕丿賴 丕夭 賴賵乇丕爻 丕乇噩丕毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�: 芦 趩賴 丌乇丕賲卮鈥屫ㄘ� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賴鈥屭з� 禺賵丿 乇丕 乇賴丕 讴賳蹖賲.禄
丿乇 丕賳鬲賴丕 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 噩賳爻 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 丨丕賱 賵 賴賵丕蹖 丕賳 亘丕 賮乇賴賳诏 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖 讴賳賲
February 15, 2012
You can find my review of by following this link to .
This book is presented like it's simply a translation of an antique manuscript discovered moldering in an antique shop. Rather in the way that Memoirs of a Geisha is presented as a true autobiography of a pre-war Kyoto geisha. However, in the latter case, we know for a fact that Arthur Golden was exercising his imagination (and his research talents). Jostein Gaarder refuses to confirm or deny whether he has done the same, leaving the decision to the reader.
I rather imagine that the tale of the missing Codex Floriae is invented, but I like to think it wasn't. Mostly because I like to think of the sanctimonious Saint Augustine being on the receiving end of such a wonderful epistle. I also wouldn't put it past the Vatican Library to swallow up such a document without a trace. However, I think Mr. Gaarder would have had more brains than to send it to them...
Either way, this short book is a wonderful amalgamation of philosophy, theology, romance and tragedy, all seamlessly blended together. A touching and thought-provoking read.
This book is presented like it's simply a translation of an antique manuscript discovered moldering in an antique shop. Rather in the way that Memoirs of a Geisha is presented as a true autobiography of a pre-war Kyoto geisha. However, in the latter case, we know for a fact that Arthur Golden was exercising his imagination (and his research talents). Jostein Gaarder refuses to confirm or deny whether he has done the same, leaving the decision to the reader.
I rather imagine that the tale of the missing Codex Floriae is invented, but I like to think it wasn't. Mostly because I like to think of the sanctimonious Saint Augustine being on the receiving end of such a wonderful epistle. I also wouldn't put it past the Vatican Library to swallow up such a document without a trace. However, I think Mr. Gaarder would have had more brains than to send it to them...
Either way, this short book is a wonderful amalgamation of philosophy, theology, romance and tragedy, all seamlessly blended together. A touching and thought-provoking read.
December 11, 2016
丿乇 賵丕賯毓 讴鬲丕亘 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 賴爻鬲 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丕丿毓丕 賲蹖讴賳賴 丿乇 蹖讴 毓鬲蹖賯賴 賮乇賵卮蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賴.賳丕賲賴 蹖 賲毓卮賵賯賴 蹖 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳貙賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 賵 賲丨讴賵賲 讴賳賳丿賴 蹖 丕诏賵爻鬲蹖賳.賲賳 讴鬲丕亘 丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 乇賵 賳禺賵賳丿賲 賵賱蹖 丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴 賯爻賲鬲 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 亘賴 丕賳鬲賯丕丿卮賵賳 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 亘賵丿.噩乇蹖丕賳 夭賳丿诏蹖卮賵賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲 亘賵丿賴 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 毓丕卮賯丕賳賴 賵 禺賵亘蹖 丿丕卮鬲賳 賵賱蹖 賲乇丿 亘丕 蹖讴 诏匕丕乇 丕夭 賮賱爻賮赖 蹖 蹖賵賳丕賳蹖 賵 爻賯乇丕胤蹖 賵 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳蹖 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賴 亘賴 賲匕賴亘 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 丕賳賯丿乇 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 賲蹖卮賴 讴賴 丕夭 夭賳卮 噩丿丕 賲蹖卮賴 賵 丕夭 鬲賲丕賲 賱匕鬲 賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕 賮乇丕乇蹖 賲蹖卮賴 賵 亘賴 乇蹖丕囟鬲 乇賵丨卮 賲蹖倬乇丿丕夭賴.丕蹖賳 賳丕賲賴 賴賲 丕賳鬲賯丕丿 賴丕蹖 賲毓卮賵賯卮賴 亘賴 乇賵丕賱蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賲乇丿 倬蹖 诏乇賮鬲.
December 18, 2017
n茫o cheguei a ler as "Confiss玫es" de Aur茅lio Agostinho (o Santo Agostinho) e, honestamente, depois de ler este livro, nem fa莽o quest茫o... digamos que a autora da carta foi extremamente convincente e sapateou em cima da Verdade crist茫 que Agostinho defendia.
a autora: Fl贸ria Em铆lia, mulher com quem Agostinho manteve uma rela莽茫o marital (e, ao que parece, muito intensa e apaixonada) durante 12 anos antes de se converter integralmente ao cristianismo e come莽ar a professar uns rol锚s a铆 de que at茅 deus duvidaria.
a autora: Fl贸ria Em铆lia, mulher com quem Agostinho manteve uma rela莽茫o marital (e, ao que parece, muito intensa e apaixonada) durante 12 anos antes de se converter integralmente ao cristianismo e come莽ar a professar uns rol锚s a铆 de que at茅 deus duvidaria.
May 28, 2015
"賲乇丿 賲賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 蹖讴 毓卮賯 丌爻賲丕賳蹖 亘賴 賲賳 禺蹖丕賳鬲 讴乇丿. 亘賱賴 丕蹖乇賱蹖賵爻貙 賲丕噩乇丕 趩賳蹖賳 亘賵丿. 亘賱賴貙 賲丕噩乇丕 丿賯蹖賯丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿!"
丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賲 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 讴鬲丕亘 倬賵趩蹖 亘賵丿 趩賵賳 賳賴 爻賳鬲 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇賵 賲蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲賲 賵 賳賴 賲蹖 丿賵賳爻鬲賲 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮赖 丕卮 趩蹖賴貙 賵 丨鬲丕 賲胤賲卅賳 賳亘賵丿賲 讴賴 賳丕賲賴 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲爻鬲賳丿賴 蹖丕 夭丕蹖蹖丿賴 鬲禺蹖賱 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴貨 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳诏丕賴蹖 丿賯蹖賯 鬲乇 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲乇賵乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賮賱爻賮赖貙 禺賵賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 禺丕賱蹖 丕夭 賱胤賮 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 賳讴丕鬲 噩丕賱亘 鬲賵噩賴蹖 丕夭 倬卮鬲 倬乇丿賴 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 毓賯蹖丿賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 賲蹖丿賴
丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賲 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 讴鬲丕亘 倬賵趩蹖 亘賵丿 趩賵賳 賳賴 爻賳鬲 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 乇賵 賲蹖 卮賳丕禺鬲賲 賵 賳賴 賲蹖 丿賵賳爻鬲賲 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮赖 丕卮 趩蹖賴貙 賵 丨鬲丕 賲胤賲卅賳 賳亘賵丿賲 讴賴 賳丕賲賴 賮賱賵乇蹖丕 賲爻鬲賳丿賴 蹖丕 夭丕蹖蹖丿賴 鬲禺蹖賱 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴貨 丕賲丕 丿乇 賳诏丕賴蹖 丿賯蹖賯 鬲乇 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲乇賵乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賮賱爻賮赖貙 禺賵賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 禺丕賱蹖 丕夭 賱胤賮 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 賳讴丕鬲 噩丕賱亘 鬲賵噩賴蹖 丕夭 倬卮鬲 倬乇丿賴 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 毓賯蹖丿賴 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 賲蹖丿賴
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June 1, 2014A "testimony" of the life of St. Augustine's companion, the one he dearly loved for many years and who bore him his son, but whom he abandoned for religion. A statement of love and of cherishing life, something the Saint seems to have forgotten.
Maria Carmo,
Lisbon 01 June 2014.
Maria Carmo,
Lisbon 01 June 2014.
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