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乇丨賱丞 睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇
賴夭鬲 乇兀爻賴丕 賵乇丿丿鬲 噩賲賱鬲賴丕 "亘毓乇賮 兀賳賴 乇丕丨 賵乇丕丨 亘亘賱丕卮". 兀匕賰乇 賰賱賲丕鬲 兀賱賷爻 賵兀丨丕賵賱 兀賳 兀鬲禺賷賱 賲丕 丨丿孬貙 賮兀賰鬲卮賮 孬賯賵亘丕賸 賮賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丞. 賰賱 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 亘賴丕 賲賱丌賳丞 亘丕賱孬賯賵亘. 賱賲 賳毓丿 賳毓乇賮 兀賳 賳乇賵賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲貙 賱賲 賳毓丿 賳毓乇賮 卮賷卅丕賸. 賵丨賰丕賷丞 睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇 丕賳鬲賴鬲. 丕賱乇丨賱丞 丕賳鬲賴鬲 賵丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賳鬲賴鬲.
賴賰匕丕 丕賳鬲賴鬲 丨賰丕賷丞 毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 丨氐賳 丕賱兀丨賲丿賷 丕賱賲睾丕賷乇賷貙 丕賱賲賱賯亘 亘睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇.
賴賰匕丕 丕賳鬲賴鬲 丨賰丕賷丞 毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 丨氐賳 丕賱兀丨賲丿賷 丕賱賲睾丕賷乇賷貙 丕賱賲賱賯亘 亘睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇.
208 pages, Paperback
First published July 1, 1994
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About the author
廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷
28听books594听followersEnglish: .
丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賴賵 賯丕氐 賵乇賵丕卅賷 賵賳丕賯丿 賵賰丕鬲亘 賲爻乇丨賷 賱亘賳丕賳賷貙 賵賱丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕氐賲丞 丕賱賱亘賳丕賳賷丞 亘賷乇賵鬲 毓丕賲 1948. 賰鬲亘 毓卮乇 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 鬲乇噩賲鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賵孬賱丕孬 賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 賵賱賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕鬲 丕賱賳賯丿賷丞.
卮睾賱 賲賳氐亘 乇卅賷爻 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱賲賱丨賯 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓賷 賱噩乇賷丿丞 丕賱賳賴丕乇 賲賳匕 丕賱毓丕賲 1993 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 2009.
賵賰丕賳 賲爻丐賵賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賮賷 噩乇賷丿丞 丕賱爻賮賷乇 賲賳 毓丕賲 1983 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 1990. 賵毓賲賱 賲丿賷乇丕賸 賮賳賷丕賸 賱賲爻乇丨 亘賷乇賵鬲 亘賷賳 毓丕賲賷 1992 賵1998. 賵丿乇爻 賮賷 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 丕賱賱亘賳丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞 賮賷 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵噩丕賲毓丞 賰賵賱賵賲亘賷丕 賮賷 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰貙 賵賷丿乇爻 丨丕賱賷丕賸 賮賷 噩丕賲毓丞 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰 賲丕丿丞 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賯 兀賵爻胤賷丞 賵丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞.
丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賴賵 賯丕氐 賵乇賵丕卅賷 賵賳丕賯丿 賵賰丕鬲亘 賲爻乇丨賷 賱亘賳丕賳賷貙 賵賱丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕氐賲丞 丕賱賱亘賳丕賳賷丞 亘賷乇賵鬲 毓丕賲 1948. 賰鬲亘 毓卮乇 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 鬲乇噩賲鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 賵孬賱丕孬 賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 賵賱賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕鬲 丕賱賳賯丿賷丞.
卮睾賱 賲賳氐亘 乇卅賷爻 鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱賲賱丨賯 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓賷 賱噩乇賷丿丞 丕賱賳賴丕乇 賲賳匕 丕賱毓丕賲 1993 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 2009.
賵賰丕賳 賲爻丐賵賱丕賸 毓賳 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賮賷 噩乇賷丿丞 丕賱爻賮賷乇 賲賳 毓丕賲 1983 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 1990. 賵毓賲賱 賲丿賷乇丕賸 賮賳賷丕賸 賱賲爻乇丨 亘賷乇賵鬲 亘賷賳 毓丕賲賷 1992 賵1998. 賵丿乇爻 賮賷 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 丕賱賱亘賳丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞 賮賷 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵噩丕賲毓丞 賰賵賱賵賲亘賷丕 賮賷 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰貙 賵賷丿乇爻 丨丕賱賷丕賸 賮賷 噩丕賲毓丞 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰 賲丕丿丞 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賯 兀賵爻胤賷丞 賵丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞.
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Displaying 1 - 26 of 26 reviews
October 16, 2024
A singular novel by a Lebanese writer who recently died, this is more about story telling than it is the telling of stories themselves, although there鈥檚 certainly a lot of that, too. What appears to be absurd or surreal is actually an attempt to capture the truth about story telling, to present story telling from the story teller鈥檚 point of view, without regard for the audience. How slippery stories are, and memories, and names. But the stories don鈥檛 have an order. Death is often told at the beginning. There are a lot of deaths. This is Beirut.
One of the things that most distinguishes this novel is that it is written mostly in the 3rd person, not the usual 1st person of storytelling. Everything in the novel is second-hand, although it often feels first-hand. And there is a great deal of repetition, which is what living in Beirut must feel like, one civil war or invasion after another. But this novel is about people much more than about war, at least directly. Its only weakness is that, although short, it does go on too long (I started to skim toward the end) and is often more confusing than it needs to be.
One of the things that most distinguishes this novel is that it is written mostly in the 3rd person, not the usual 1st person of storytelling. Everything in the novel is second-hand, although it often feels first-hand. And there is a great deal of repetition, which is what living in Beirut must feel like, one civil war or invasion after another. But this novel is about people much more than about war, at least directly. Its only weakness is that, although short, it does go on too long (I started to skim toward the end) and is often more confusing than it needs to be.
February 12, 2011
So, the left-wing, public radio devotee in me is supposed to give this book 4 or 5 stars, because it portrays a non-European culture in a good light and has a prostitute for a main character. Yoohoo. That is, unfortunately, not enough to constitute good literature. Sorry, Mr. Khoury.
Khoury asserts that Little Gandhi is a well traveled man, although he never leaves Beirut, because the city undergoes so many changes during Little Gandhi's life. I read to the very last page looking for any evidence to support this thesis. There was none to be found.
The Journey of Little Gandhi is a rambling book that nearly touches upon big issues like truth and war. Instead, it spends all its time endlessly spiraling around a cast of boring, prototypical characters.
Khoury asserts that Little Gandhi is a well traveled man, although he never leaves Beirut, because the city undergoes so many changes during Little Gandhi's life. I read to the very last page looking for any evidence to support this thesis. There was none to be found.
The Journey of Little Gandhi is a rambling book that nearly touches upon big issues like truth and war. Instead, it spends all its time endlessly spiraling around a cast of boring, prototypical characters.
September 3, 2017
乇丕卅毓 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 亘賯氐氐賴 丕賱賲賲鬲毓丞..
賷兀禺匕賰 賱毓賲賯 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞 賰兀賳賰 鬲毓賷卮 賯氐氐 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賷賳賴賲..
賯氐氐 賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 亘賷乇賵鬲 賱賰賳賴 賷爻丕毓丿賰 賱賱爻賮乇 賱賯乇丕賴賲 賵賲丿賳賴賲 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 毓賰丕乇貙 胤乇丕亘賱爻貙 毓丕賱賷賴貙 兀賵 氐賷丿丕..
睾乇賯鬲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 禺賱丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賷丿賵乇 噩夭亍 賲賳賴 賮賷 丕賱丨賲乇丕 賵卮丕乇毓 亘賱爻..
賱丕 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳賳賷 爻兀乇賶 亘賱爻 賵丕賱丨賲乇丕 亘賳賮爻 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 亘毓丿 丕賱丌賳 賮賴賳丕賰 毓賵丕賱賲 賰孬賷乇丞 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳賷 鬲噩丕賴賱賴丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賷賵賲..
賷兀禺匕賰 賱毓賲賯 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞 賰兀賳賰 鬲毓賷卮 賯氐氐 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賷賳賴賲..
賯氐氐 賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 亘賷乇賵鬲 賱賰賳賴 賷爻丕毓丿賰 賱賱爻賮乇 賱賯乇丕賴賲 賵賲丿賳賴賲 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 毓賰丕乇貙 胤乇丕亘賱爻貙 毓丕賱賷賴貙 兀賵 氐賷丿丕..
睾乇賯鬲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 禺賱丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱兀爻亘賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賷丿賵乇 噩夭亍 賲賳賴 賮賷 丕賱丨賲乇丕 賵卮丕乇毓 亘賱爻..
賱丕 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳賳賷 爻兀乇賶 亘賱爻 賵丕賱丨賲乇丕 亘賳賮爻 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 亘毓丿 丕賱丌賳 賮賴賳丕賰 毓賵丕賱賲 賰孬賷乇丞 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳賷 鬲噩丕賴賱賴丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賷賵賲..
August 3, 2016
乇丕卅毓 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷, 乇丕卅毓 賵噩賲賷賱..
賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 噩毓賱鬲賳賷 亘賲賰丕賳 賲毓賷賾賳 兀乇賶 丕賱賮乇賯 亘賷賳 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賵乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 賰賵賳 丕賱丕孬賳賷賳 賷賱噩兀賳 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賷 乇賵丕賷鬲賴賲..氐丨賷丨 兀賳賳賷 賱賲 兀賯乇兀 賱乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賵孬賱丕孬賷丞 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵賱賰賳 亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賲丕 賯乇兀鬲賴 賱賴 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵 賱賳賯賱 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 兀賷賾 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱賯乇賷亘 賵丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱兀亘毓丿 賵鬲賯丕乇賳賴賲丕 亘乇賵丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 丕賳 賰丕賳 賮賷 賰兀賳賴丕 賳丕卅賲丞 兀賵 亘丕亘 丕賱卮賲爻 兀賵 爻賷賳丕賱賰賵賱 鬲噩丿 丕賱賮乇賯 賵丕囟丨賸丕 亘賷賳賴賲丕, 丕賱賮乇賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賷賾夭 禺賵乇賷 賵賷乇賮毓賴 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇 毓賳 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 -睾賷乇 睾賳賶 兀爻賱賵亘 禺賵乇賷 賵孬乇丕亍 賱睾鬲賴 賵鬲胤賵賾乇 亘賳丕亍賴 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丞 廿賱賶 丌禺乇賶 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 噩丕亘乇 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲禺匕 賲賳丨賶 鬲噩乇賷亘賷賸丕 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷亍 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴 賵賱丕 賷毓鬲賳賷 亘賱睾鬲賴 丕賱爻乇丿賷丞 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇- 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賷鬲匕賰乇 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵賱丕 賷賳賯賱賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賰賲丕 賷賮毓賱 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 丕賷賾 兀賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賷賳囟丨 亘丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵亘丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賱賱兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱毓丕丿賷賷賳 賱丕 丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 賰賲丕 賷賮毓賱 噩丕亘乇.
亘賲毓賳賶 丌禺乇 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賴賵 匕丕賰乇丞 賵丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賴 禺賷丕賱 賮賲丕 賷丨賰賶 賴賵 禺賱賷胤 賲賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賮賷 丨丕賱 賵噩賵丿賴丕 廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱禺賷丕賱 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 丕賱匕賷 丨鬲賶 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 賮乇丿賷丞 賵卮禺氐賷丞 噩丿賸丕 賰丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 鬲卮毓乇 賰兀賳 賰賱 卮賷亍 丨賯賷賯丞 賯丕卅賲丞 賱丕 賲噩丕賱 賱賳賯囟賴丕 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱兀賲乇 賮賷 丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 亘賱 賵兀賰孬乇 賮賮賷 丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賱賷爻 賱賴丕 賲丕 賷賲賷賾夭賴丕, 賱賷爻 賴賳丕賰 賲丕 賷毓胤賷賰 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘兀賳賴丕 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 丨賯賷賯賷丞 賵噩丿鬲 賷賵賲賸丕 賲丕, 賱丕 鬲毓乇賮 賲丕匕丕 鬲丨亘 賵賲丕匕丕 鬲賰乇賴 賱丕 鬲丿禺賱 賱賷賵賲賷丕鬲賴丕 賵賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丨賷丕鬲賴丕 賵丕賳 賲乇賾鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 賮賴賷 鬲賲乇 賮賷 爻賷丕賯 丕賱爻乇丿 賵賱丕 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賱賴 亘賷賳賲丕 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 禺賵乇賷 賱賴匕賴 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賮賷 亘賳丕亍 卮禺氐賷丕鬲賴 賵賮賷 禺賱賯 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘賵噩賵丿 賴丐賱丕亍 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 夭賲賳賺 賲丕 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱兀乇囟...賱丕 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳賳賷 毓亘乇鬲 毓賳 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賰賲丕 兀乇賷丿..
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丕賱賲賴賲 賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 噩毓賱鬲賳賷 兀鬲兀賰丿 賲賳 賴賵爻 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 亘毓丿賾丞 兀卮賷丕亍: 亘丕賱卮毓乇 丕賱毓乇亘賷 丕賱賯丿賷賲,亘丕賱毓乇賯, 亘丕賱賲賵賲爻丕鬲 賵兀賰孬乇 卮賷亍 亘亘賷乇賵鬲..
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賴賳丕賰 賳賯胤丞 賱賮鬲鬲賳賷 亘丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賱賲 兀乇賶 兀丨丿賸丕 鬲賰賱賲 毓賳賴丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 毓賳 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賵賴賵 乇睾亘丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘廿馗賴丕乇 丕賱賮乇賯 亘賷賳 亘賷乇賵鬲 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 賵亘賷乇賵鬲 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘 賵匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 卮禺氐賷丞 兀賱賷爻 丕賱乇丕賵賷丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賮賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨賰賷 賰賷賮 丕禺鬲賱賮 賱賷賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 毓賳 賱賷賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 亘毓丿賴丕 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱兀禺乇賶 丕賱鬲賷 鬲馗賴乇 鬲丨賵賾賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 賲賳 夭賲賳 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 廿賱賶 丕賱丨乇亘 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賳賮鬲丕丨 丕賱丕賮賯 毓賱賶 賰丕賮丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵丕噩鬲賷丕丨賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱丕爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賵賱賰賳 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲 賷毓胤賷 丕丨爻丕爻賸丕 賰亘賷乇賸丕 亘丕賱兀賲賱 亘丕賱賲賯胤毓 丕賱乇丕卅毓 賵丕賱爻賷賳賲丕卅賷 亘卮丿賾丞 賵丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴 毓賳 賲賵鬲 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賵睾丕賳丿賷 賵鬲賰亘賷乇 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 丕賱賲賳賱丕:
賮賷 卮丕乇毓 賲丿丨鬲 亘丕卮丕, 毓賱賶 亘毓丿 兀賲鬲丕乇 賯賱賷賱丞 賲賳 卮丕乇毓 丕賱氐賷丿丕賳賷, 賷乇賰囟 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰. 賵噩丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賮賵賯 鬲賱丞 賲賳 丕賱賳賮丕賷丕鬲 賱亘丕爻賸丕 毓爻賰乇賷賸丕 賲乇賲賷賸丕 賵賲噩毓賱賰賸丕.丕賱鬲賯胤賴, 賱亘爻 丕賱亘賳胤賱賵賳 丕賱賰丕賰賷 賮賵賯 亘賳胤賱賵賳賴 丕賱兀夭乇賯, 賵賱亘爻 丕賱賯賲賷氐 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷 丕賱兀禺囟乇 賮賵賯 賯賲賷氐賴 丕賱兀禺囟乇. 禺賱毓 丨匕丕亍賴 丕賱亘賳賷賾, 賵賱亘爻 丕賱亘賵胤 丕賱賲胤丕胤賷 丕賱兀爻賵丿, 賵囟毓 胤賳噩乇丞 毓賱賶 乇兀爻賴 賵氐丕乇 賷乇賰囟 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓.
賰丕賳 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賷鬲賱賮賾鬲 賷賲賷賳賸丕 賵卮賲丕賱賸丕, 賵賷囟丨賰 賮鬲馗賴乇 兀爻賳丕賳賴 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 丕賱賲賰爻賵乇丞, 賵賷乇賰囟 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓. 丕賳丨賳賶, 丕賱鬲賯胤 賯胤毓丞 賲賳 丕賱禺卮亘, 賵囟毓賴丕 鬲丨鬲 丕亘胤賴 賰兀賳賴丕 亘賳丿賯賷丞 乇卮丕卮丞, 氐賵亘賴丕 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賵亘丿兀 賷胤賱賯 丕賱賳丕乇. 氐丕乇 賷乇賰囟 賵賷乇賾卮 亘賴丕 賲丨丿孬賸丕 氐賵鬲賸丕 氐丕禺亘賸丕 賲賳 卮賮鬲賷賴. 賷賯賮夭 賮賵賯 丕賱賳賮丕賷丕鬲, 賵亘乇賰 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲噩賲毓鬲 賮賷 丨賮乇 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓, 賷賯賮夭 賷爻賯胤 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟, 賷賳賴囟 賵賷鬲丕亘毓 賲毓乇賰鬲賴.
毓賱賶 賲丿禺賱 卮丕乇毓 丕賱氐賷丿丕賳賷 兀氐賷賱 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 亘禺賲爻 胤賱賯丕鬲. 賳夭賮 丕賱丿賲 賲賳 馗賴乇賴, 賱賰賳賴 鬲丕亘毓 丕賱乇賰囟. 兀賱賷爻 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賯賮 兀賲丕賲 噩孬丞 睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲賮禺丞 亘丕賱賲丕亍, 鬲乇賵賷 兀賳賴 鬲丕亘毓 丕賱乇賰囟 賰兀賳賴 賱賲 賷氐亘. 賰丕賳 賷乇賰囟 賵丨賳賮賷丞 丕賱丿賲 鬲鬲丿賮賾賯 賲賳 馗賴乇賴 賵賴賵 賱丕 賷賱鬲賮鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕亍 . 乇賰囟賴 賷鬲亘丕胤兀, 氐丕乇 賷賲卮賷 賵賴賵 賷乇賰囟, 孬賲 爻賯胤 賰兀賳賴 賷賲孬賾賱, 賵賯毓 毓賱賶 乇賰亘鬲賷賴 賵爻賯胤 乇兀爻賴 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賮, 賵丕乇鬲賮毓 氐乇丕禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇.
兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 丕賱賲賳賱丕 賴賵 丕賱匕賷 氐乇禺. 禺乇噩 廿賱賶 丕賱卮乇賮丞 賵氐乇禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇. 賰丕賳 氐賵鬲賴 毓丕賱賷賸丕 賵賲亘丨賵丨賸丕 賰兀賳賴 丨卮乇噩丞. 賵丕乇鬲賮毓 氐乇丕禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 丕賱賲丌匕賳 賵丕賱卮乇賮丕鬲. 賮噩兀丞 丕乇鬲 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱賲賴噩賵乇丞 丕賱賲丿賲賾乇丞 , 鬲氐乇禺 賲賳 賲丌匕賳賴丕 亘氐賵鬲 賵丕丨丿. 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱丕爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賵賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賰丕賳賵丕 賷丨鬲賱賾賵賳 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賵賷胤賱賯賵賳 丕賱賳丕乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 卮賷亍, 氐賵賾亘賵丕 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲 亘丕鬲噩丕賴 卮乇賮丞 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 賵兀胤賱賯賵丕 丕賱鬲丕乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 卮賷亍, 氐賵亘賵丕 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲 亘丕鬲噩丕賴 睾乇賮丞 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿, 賵兀胤賱賯賵丕.兀氐賷亘 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿, 氐丕乇 丕賱丿賲 賷禺乇噩 賲賳 氐丿乇賴, 賰兀賳賴 賳丕賮賵乇丞, 爻賯胤 毓賱賶 兀乇囟 丕賱卮乇賮丞 賲鬲禺亘賾胤賸丕, 賵丕乇鬲賮毓鬲 兀氐賵丕鬲 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 賰賱 丕賱賲丌匕賳. 爻賲毓 丕賱噩賳賵丿, 兀胤賱賯賵丕 丕賱賳丕乇 孬賲 爻賰鬲鬲 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲夭 賮噩兀丞 亘丿兀賵丕 賷鬲乇丕噩毓賵賳 賰丕賱禺丕卅賮賷賳. 丕賳丨賳賵丕 兀賲丕賲 丕賱卮乇賮丕鬲, 賵丕爻鬲賳丿鬲 兀噩爻丕丿賴賲 丕賱賲鬲毓亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丨賷胤丕賳, 賵賯乇賮氐賵丕 兀乇囟賸丕. 賵兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 亘賯賷 賮賷 賲賰丕賳賴 乇丕賰毓賸丕, 賵乇兀爻賴 賲乇賲賷賾 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賮 賰兀賳賴 賷氐賱賾賷.
賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 噩毓賱鬲賳賷 亘賲賰丕賳 賲毓賷賾賳 兀乇賶 丕賱賮乇賯 亘賷賳 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賵乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 賰賵賳 丕賱丕孬賳賷賳 賷賱噩兀賳 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賮賷 乇賵丕賷鬲賴賲..氐丨賷丨 兀賳賳賷 賱賲 兀賯乇兀 賱乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賵孬賱丕孬賷丞 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵賱賰賳 亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賲丕 賯乇兀鬲賴 賱賴 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 兀賵 賱賳賯賱 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 兀賷賾 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱賯乇賷亘 賵丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱兀亘毓丿 賵鬲賯丕乇賳賴賲丕 亘乇賵丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 丕賳 賰丕賳 賮賷 賰兀賳賴丕 賳丕卅賲丞 兀賵 亘丕亘 丕賱卮賲爻 兀賵 爻賷賳丕賱賰賵賱 鬲噩丿 丕賱賮乇賯 賵丕囟丨賸丕 亘賷賳賴賲丕, 丕賱賮乇賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賷賾夭 禺賵乇賷 賵賷乇賮毓賴 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇 毓賳 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 -睾賷乇 睾賳賶 兀爻賱賵亘 禺賵乇賷 賵孬乇丕亍 賱睾鬲賴 賵鬲胤賵賾乇 亘賳丕亍賴 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丞 廿賱賶 丌禺乇賶 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 噩丕亘乇 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲禺匕 賲賳丨賶 鬲噩乇賷亘賷賸丕 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷亍 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴 賵賱丕 賷毓鬲賳賷 亘賱睾鬲賴 丕賱爻乇丿賷丞 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇- 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賷鬲匕賰乇 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵賱丕 賷賳賯賱賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賰賲丕 賷賮毓賱 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 丕賷賾 兀賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賷賳囟丨 亘丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵亘丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賱賱兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱毓丕丿賷賷賳 賱丕 丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 賰賲丕 賷賮毓賱 噩丕亘乇.
亘賲毓賳賶 丌禺乇 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 賴賵 匕丕賰乇丞 賵丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賴 禺賷丕賱 賮賲丕 賷丨賰賶 賴賵 禺賱賷胤 賲賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賮賷 丨丕賱 賵噩賵丿賴丕 廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱禺賷丕賱 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 乇亘賷毓 噩丕亘乇 丕賱匕賷 丨鬲賶 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 賮乇丿賷丞 賵卮禺氐賷丞 噩丿賸丕 賰丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮丕鬲 鬲卮毓乇 賰兀賳 賰賱 卮賷亍 丨賯賷賯丞 賯丕卅賲丞 賱丕 賲噩丕賱 賱賳賯囟賴丕 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱兀賲乇 賮賷 丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 亘賱 賵兀賰孬乇 賮賮賷 丿乇賵夭 亘賱睾乇丕丿 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賱賷爻 賱賴丕 賲丕 賷賲賷賾夭賴丕, 賱賷爻 賴賳丕賰 賲丕 賷毓胤賷賰 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘兀賳賴丕 卮禺氐賷丕鬲 丨賯賷賯賷丞 賵噩丿鬲 賷賵賲賸丕 賲丕, 賱丕 鬲毓乇賮 賲丕匕丕 鬲丨亘 賵賲丕匕丕 鬲賰乇賴 賱丕 鬲丿禺賱 賱賷賵賲賷丕鬲賴丕 賵賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丨賷丕鬲賴丕 賵丕賳 賲乇賾鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 賮賴賷 鬲賲乇 賮賷 爻賷丕賯 丕賱爻乇丿 賵賱丕 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賱賴 亘賷賳賲丕 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丞 禺賵乇賷 賱賴匕賴 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賮賷 亘賳丕亍 卮禺氐賷丕鬲賴 賵賮賷 禺賱賯 賴匕丕 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘賵噩賵丿 賴丐賱丕亍 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 夭賲賳賺 賲丕 毓賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱兀乇囟...賱丕 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳賳賷 毓亘乇鬲 毓賳 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賰賲丕 兀乇賷丿..
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丕賱賲賴賲 賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 噩毓賱鬲賳賷 兀鬲兀賰丿 賲賳 賴賵爻 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 亘毓丿賾丞 兀卮賷丕亍: 亘丕賱卮毓乇 丕賱毓乇亘賷 丕賱賯丿賷賲,亘丕賱毓乇賯, 亘丕賱賲賵賲爻丕鬲 賵兀賰孬乇 卮賷亍 亘亘賷乇賵鬲..
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賴賳丕賰 賳賯胤丞 賱賮鬲鬲賳賷 亘丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賱賲 兀乇賶 兀丨丿賸丕 鬲賰賱賲 毓賳賴丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 毓賳 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賵賴賵 乇睾亘丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘廿馗賴丕乇 丕賱賮乇賯 亘賷賳 亘賷乇賵鬲 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 賵亘賷乇賵鬲 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘 賵匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 卮禺氐賷丞 兀賱賷爻 丕賱乇丕賵賷丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賮賷 丕賱丨賰丕賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨賰賷 賰賷賮 丕禺鬲賱賮 賱賷賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 毓賳 賱賷賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 亘毓丿賴丕 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱兀禺乇賶 丕賱鬲賷 鬲馗賴乇 鬲丨賵賾賱 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 賲賳 夭賲賳 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱丨乇亘 廿賱賶 丕賱丨乇亘 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賳賮鬲丕丨 丕賱丕賮賯 毓賱賶 賰丕賮丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕鬲 亘毓丿 爻賯賵胤 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵丕噩鬲賷丕丨賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱丕爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賵賱賰賳 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲 賷毓胤賷 丕丨爻丕爻賸丕 賰亘賷乇賸丕 亘丕賱兀賲賱 亘丕賱賲賯胤毓 丕賱乇丕卅毓 賵丕賱爻賷賳賲丕卅賷 亘卮丿賾丞 賵丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴 毓賳 賲賵鬲 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賵睾丕賳丿賷 賵鬲賰亘賷乇 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 丕賱賲賳賱丕:
賮賷 卮丕乇毓 賲丿丨鬲 亘丕卮丕, 毓賱賶 亘毓丿 兀賲鬲丕乇 賯賱賷賱丞 賲賳 卮丕乇毓 丕賱氐賷丿丕賳賷, 賷乇賰囟 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰. 賵噩丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賮賵賯 鬲賱丞 賲賳 丕賱賳賮丕賷丕鬲 賱亘丕爻賸丕 毓爻賰乇賷賸丕 賲乇賲賷賸丕 賵賲噩毓賱賰賸丕.丕賱鬲賯胤賴, 賱亘爻 丕賱亘賳胤賱賵賳 丕賱賰丕賰賷 賮賵賯 亘賳胤賱賵賳賴 丕賱兀夭乇賯, 賵賱亘爻 丕賱賯賲賷氐 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷 丕賱兀禺囟乇 賮賵賯 賯賲賷氐賴 丕賱兀禺囟乇. 禺賱毓 丨匕丕亍賴 丕賱亘賳賷賾, 賵賱亘爻 丕賱亘賵胤 丕賱賲胤丕胤賷 丕賱兀爻賵丿, 賵囟毓 胤賳噩乇丞 毓賱賶 乇兀爻賴 賵氐丕乇 賷乇賰囟 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓.
賰丕賳 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 賷鬲賱賮賾鬲 賷賲賷賳賸丕 賵卮賲丕賱賸丕, 賵賷囟丨賰 賮鬲馗賴乇 兀爻賳丕賳賴 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 丕賱賲賰爻賵乇丞, 賵賷乇賰囟 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓. 丕賳丨賳賶, 丕賱鬲賯胤 賯胤毓丞 賲賳 丕賱禺卮亘, 賵囟毓賴丕 鬲丨鬲 丕亘胤賴 賰兀賳賴丕 亘賳丿賯賷丞 乇卮丕卮丞, 氐賵亘賴丕 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賵亘丿兀 賷胤賱賯 丕賱賳丕乇. 氐丕乇 賷乇賰囟 賵賷乇賾卮 亘賴丕 賲丨丿孬賸丕 氐賵鬲賸丕 氐丕禺亘賸丕 賲賳 卮賮鬲賷賴. 賷賯賮夭 賮賵賯 丕賱賳賮丕賷丕鬲, 賵亘乇賰 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲噩賲毓鬲 賮賷 丨賮乇 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓, 賷賯賮夭 賷爻賯胤 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟, 賷賳賴囟 賵賷鬲丕亘毓 賲毓乇賰鬲賴.
毓賱賶 賲丿禺賱 卮丕乇毓 丕賱氐賷丿丕賳賷 兀氐賷賱 兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 亘禺賲爻 胤賱賯丕鬲. 賳夭賮 丕賱丿賲 賲賳 馗賴乇賴, 賱賰賳賴 鬲丕亘毓 丕賱乇賰囟. 兀賱賷爻 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賯賮 兀賲丕賲 噩孬丞 睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲賮禺丞 亘丕賱賲丕亍, 鬲乇賵賷 兀賳賴 鬲丕亘毓 丕賱乇賰囟 賰兀賳賴 賱賲 賷氐亘. 賰丕賳 賷乇賰囟 賵丨賳賮賷丞 丕賱丿賲 鬲鬲丿賮賾賯 賲賳 馗賴乇賴 賵賴賵 賱丕 賷賱鬲賮鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕亍 . 乇賰囟賴 賷鬲亘丕胤兀, 氐丕乇 賷賲卮賷 賵賴賵 賷乇賰囟, 孬賲 爻賯胤 賰兀賳賴 賷賲孬賾賱, 賵賯毓 毓賱賶 乇賰亘鬲賷賴 賵爻賯胤 乇兀爻賴 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賮, 賵丕乇鬲賮毓 氐乇丕禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇.
兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 丕賱賲賳賱丕 賴賵 丕賱匕賷 氐乇禺. 禺乇噩 廿賱賶 丕賱卮乇賮丞 賵氐乇禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇. 賰丕賳 氐賵鬲賴 毓丕賱賷賸丕 賵賲亘丨賵丨賸丕 賰兀賳賴 丨卮乇噩丞. 賵丕乇鬲賮毓 氐乇丕禺 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 丕賱賲丌匕賳 賵丕賱卮乇賮丕鬲. 賮噩兀丞 丕乇鬲 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱賲賴噩賵乇丞 丕賱賲丿賲賾乇丞 , 鬲氐乇禺 賲賳 賲丌匕賳賴丕 亘氐賵鬲 賵丕丨丿. 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱丕爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賵賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賰丕賳賵丕 賷丨鬲賱賾賵賳 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賵賷胤賱賯賵賳 丕賱賳丕乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 卮賷亍, 氐賵賾亘賵丕 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲 亘丕鬲噩丕賴 卮乇賮丞 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿 賵兀胤賱賯賵丕 丕賱鬲丕乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 卮賷亍, 氐賵亘賵丕 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲 亘丕鬲噩丕賴 睾乇賮丞 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿, 賵兀胤賱賯賵丕.兀氐賷亘 兀亘賵 爻毓賷丿, 氐丕乇 丕賱丿賲 賷禺乇噩 賲賳 氐丿乇賴, 賰兀賳賴 賳丕賮賵乇丞, 爻賯胤 毓賱賶 兀乇囟 丕賱卮乇賮丞 賲鬲禺亘賾胤賸丕, 賵丕乇鬲賮毓鬲 兀氐賵丕鬲 丕賱賱賴 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 賰賱 丕賱賲丌匕賳. 爻賲毓 丕賱噩賳賵丿, 兀胤賱賯賵丕 丕賱賳丕乇 孬賲 爻賰鬲鬲 亘賳丕丿賯賴賲夭 賮噩兀丞 亘丿兀賵丕 賷鬲乇丕噩毓賵賳 賰丕賱禺丕卅賮賷賳. 丕賳丨賳賵丕 兀賲丕賲 丕賱卮乇賮丕鬲, 賵丕爻鬲賳丿鬲 兀噩爻丕丿賴賲 丕賱賲鬲毓亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丨賷胤丕賳, 賵賯乇賮氐賵丕 兀乇囟賸丕. 賵兀丨賲丿 丕賱爻賳亘賰 亘賯賷 賮賷 賲賰丕賳賴 乇丕賰毓賸丕, 賵乇兀爻賴 賲乇賲賷賾 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賮 賰兀賳賴 賷氐賱賾賷.
September 14, 2013
I find the novel's use of repetition as a way to approximate the slipperiness of memory and its gaps in the context of the traumatic and confusing realities of war ingenious. Yet, far from saying anything new or remotely relevant about the Lebanese Civil War, Khoury ends up meandering back and forth prolifically around the mundane lives of flat characters.
Contrary to the claim of the protagonist Gandhi traveling through the profound changes imposed upon Beirut by the war, there is no real journey in the novel - be it spatially or temporally: only the endless rambling of banalities repeated over and over again in varying combinations.
Contrary to the claim of the protagonist Gandhi traveling through the profound changes imposed upon Beirut by the war, there is no real journey in the novel - be it spatially or temporally: only the endless rambling of banalities repeated over and over again in varying combinations.
June 5, 2021
脟ok karakterli, derin hikayelerle dolu kitaplar谋 severim. Hele Beyrut gibi ge莽mi艧inde ac谋, hasret, kan olan bir 艧ehir etraf谋nda d枚n眉yorsa. Fakat hikayelerin anlat谋l谋艧 艧ekli, kurgusal s谋ralama kitaba bir t眉rl眉 tam anlam谋yla ba臒lanamama sebebiydi benim i莽in.
January 13, 2021
It鈥檚 our own journey in Beirut. We are all little ghandi.
July 19, 2010
Normally, "fog of war" refers to the ambiguity and confusion encountered by military men, from commanders through ground soldiers, combatants during a war or battle. Yet the fog can envelop more than the military. There is also a fog of uncertainty and confusion in a city under siege or its inhabitants. Lebanese novelist Elias Khoury takes readers to that level in , a view of the life of average individuals in Beirut during the Lebanese civil war.
Khoury's style creates that fog of war sense. The pivot point of the story is Little Gandhi, or Abd Al-Karim, a shoe shine who is shot down in the street when the Israeli Army entered the city in September 1982. Much of his story -- and that of many others -- is relayed by Alice, an aging prostitute who is actually the main subject in which the narrator is interested. At least 30 different characters make an appearance, from an American University professor to an Episcopal priest to drug traffickers to Alice and Little Gandhi.
This melange means that regardless of whose particular story is being told at the moment and who may be relating it, we are presented a kaleidoscopic, multi-layered tale. One story flows into another story, akin to a person's thought process moving unconsciously from one topic to another to another. Likewise, these stories can be firsthand accounts or hearsay four times removed. Just as in war and its aftermath, the truth, such as it is, can be difficult to discern. Yet this also presents difficulty for many readers.
By necessity, Khoury's literary approach is confusing or labyrinthine, with no consistent linear narrative. To the contrary, The Journey of Little Gandhi is structured so as to render the narrative unstable and ambiguous. Yet that is the essence of the fog of war. Differing reports come from differing people. Motives and movements are confused. Uncertainty and confusion impact lives and decisions. That is exactly what is happening to the people of Beirut in Khoury's tale. It is a city split between and among factions. "Everything in it fell apart." So, rather than just wars and rumors of war, Khoury is telling us of lives and even rumors of life.
Originally published in Arabic in 1989, the book, translated by Paula Haydar, was published in the U.S. in 1994. Those familiar with Western categorizations of genres may call the book, now in newly released trade paper edition, so-called "magical realism." Khoury, however, rejects that classification. There is no need for magical realism in Lebanese literature, , because life in Lebanon was itself unreal and fantastic. In such circumstances, he says, literature "must put together two elements: seeing and inventing; it must tell the truth and lie; it must combine the real and the fantastic at the same level and at the same moment."
The Journey of Little Gandhi certainly does that as it takes us on journey through recent Lebanese history. The question is whether readers will take the time on the journey to peel back the layers and try to grasp both reality and unreality.
(Originally posted at .)
Khoury's style creates that fog of war sense. The pivot point of the story is Little Gandhi, or Abd Al-Karim, a shoe shine who is shot down in the street when the Israeli Army entered the city in September 1982. Much of his story -- and that of many others -- is relayed by Alice, an aging prostitute who is actually the main subject in which the narrator is interested. At least 30 different characters make an appearance, from an American University professor to an Episcopal priest to drug traffickers to Alice and Little Gandhi.
This melange means that regardless of whose particular story is being told at the moment and who may be relating it, we are presented a kaleidoscopic, multi-layered tale. One story flows into another story, akin to a person's thought process moving unconsciously from one topic to another to another. Likewise, these stories can be firsthand accounts or hearsay four times removed. Just as in war and its aftermath, the truth, such as it is, can be difficult to discern. Yet this also presents difficulty for many readers.
By necessity, Khoury's literary approach is confusing or labyrinthine, with no consistent linear narrative. To the contrary, The Journey of Little Gandhi is structured so as to render the narrative unstable and ambiguous. Yet that is the essence of the fog of war. Differing reports come from differing people. Motives and movements are confused. Uncertainty and confusion impact lives and decisions. That is exactly what is happening to the people of Beirut in Khoury's tale. It is a city split between and among factions. "Everything in it fell apart." So, rather than just wars and rumors of war, Khoury is telling us of lives and even rumors of life.
Originally published in Arabic in 1989, the book, translated by Paula Haydar, was published in the U.S. in 1994. Those familiar with Western categorizations of genres may call the book, now in newly released trade paper edition, so-called "magical realism." Khoury, however, rejects that classification. There is no need for magical realism in Lebanese literature, , because life in Lebanon was itself unreal and fantastic. In such circumstances, he says, literature "must put together two elements: seeing and inventing; it must tell the truth and lie; it must combine the real and the fantastic at the same level and at the same moment."
The Journey of Little Gandhi certainly does that as it takes us on journey through recent Lebanese history. The question is whether readers will take the time on the journey to peel back the layers and try to grasp both reality and unreality.
(Originally posted at .)
May 23, 2016
丕賱丿丕卅乇丞 貙丕賱賴賵爻 亘丕賱丿丕卅乇丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘丞 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 .. 賵 丕賱丕卮鬲睾丕賱 毓賱賷賴丕 爻乇丿賷丕 ..丕賱丨賰丕賷丞 鬲亘丿兀 孬賲 鬲毓賵丿 賱鬲亘丿兀 賲賳 噩丿賷丿 賵 鬲爻賱賰 丕賱丿乇賵亘 丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 鬲鬲賮乇毓 毓賳 丿丕卅乇丞 鬲鬲丨賵賱
廿賱賶 賲鬲丕賴丞 噩賲賷賱丞 貙賲鬲丕賴丞 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賴丿賲 賳賮爻賴丕 丿丕卅賲丕
毓賳 毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱丿丕卅乇丞 賰丕賳 毓賳賵丕賳 乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 禺賵乇賷 丕賱兀賵賱賶 貙賵 丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賱毓亘 丕賱丿丕卅乇賷 賮賷 賲噩賲毓 丕賱兀爻乇丕乇 賵 丨鬲賶 賮賷 賷丕賱賵
賲賳 賷乇賵賷責 兀賱賷爻 責兀賲 丕 賱乇丕賵賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲賮夭 匕丕賰乇鬲賴丕 責
丨賰丕賷丞 兀爻賲丕亍 噩賲毓賴丕 丕賱賲賰丕賳 貙 賵 丨賱賯鬲 爻丨丕亘丞 丕賱丨乇亘 賮賵賯 乇丐賵爻賴丕 ..毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 亘賳 丨氐賳 丕賱卮賴賷乇 亘睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇 貙賲丕爻丨 丕賱兀丨匕賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賲賱 氐賳丿賵賯賴 賵 丨賰丕賷鬲賴
賱賷賲賵鬲 賵 賷鬲乇賰 丨賰丕賷鬲賴 賮賷 賮賲 兀賱賷爻 貙乇丕賱賮 兀賵 丨氐賳 貙丕賱夭賷賱毓 貙丕賱賯爻賷爻 兀賲賷賳 貙噩賵賳 丿丕賷賮賷夭 ....
賵 丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱匕賷 賷噩毓賱賰 鬲鬲賵賯賮 賰賱 賱丨馗丞 賱鬲鬲匕賵賯 丕賱鬲毓丕乇賷賮 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 賱賱賰賱賲丕鬲 賵 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 貙賵 鬲亘丨孬 毓賳 賯賱賲 賵 賵乇賯丞 賱鬲賯鬲亘爻噩賲賱丕 賵 噩賲賱丕 賱賳 鬲賳鬲賴賷 廿賱丕 賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賱賴
''賯丕賱鬲 兀賱賷爻 兀賳賴 賲丕鬲
噩卅鬲 賵 睾胤賷鬲賴 亘丕賱噩乇丕卅丿 賵 賱賲 賷賰賳 兀丨丿貙夭賵噩賳賴 丕禺鬲賮鬲 貙賰賱賴賲 丕禺鬲賮賵丕 貙 賵 亘賯賷鬲 賵丨丿賷 '' 賯丕賱鬲 賾兀賱賷爻 廿賳賴丕 兀禺匕鬲賴 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賯亘乇丞 貙賵 乇兀鬲 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴. 氐丕乇 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴 賯丕賱鬲 賱賷.鬲賰賱賲鬲 賲毓賴賲 賵 賱賲 鬲爻賲毓 兀噩賵亘鬲賴賲 孬賲 鬲乇賰鬲賴賲 賵 乇丕丨鬲 . 賵 賴賰匕丕 丕賳鬲賴鬲 丕賱丨賰賷丞
兀賵 賴賰匕丕 亘丿兀鬲 丕賱丿丕卅乇丞
廿賱賶 賲鬲丕賴丞 噩賲賷賱丞 貙賲鬲丕賴丞 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賴丿賲 賳賮爻賴丕 丿丕卅賲丕
毓賳 毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱丿丕卅乇丞 賰丕賳 毓賳賵丕賳 乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 禺賵乇賷 丕賱兀賵賱賶 貙賵 丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱賱毓亘 丕賱丿丕卅乇賷 賮賷 賲噩賲毓 丕賱兀爻乇丕乇 賵 丨鬲賶 賮賷 賷丕賱賵
賲賳 賷乇賵賷責 兀賱賷爻 責兀賲 丕 賱乇丕賵賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲賮夭 匕丕賰乇鬲賴丕 責
丨賰丕賷丞 兀爻賲丕亍 噩賲毓賴丕 丕賱賲賰丕賳 貙 賵 丨賱賯鬲 爻丨丕亘丞 丕賱丨乇亘 賮賵賯 乇丐賵爻賴丕 ..毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 亘賳 丨氐賳 丕賱卮賴賷乇 亘睾丕賳丿賷 丕賱氐睾賷乇 貙賲丕爻丨 丕賱兀丨匕賷丞 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賲賱 氐賳丿賵賯賴 賵 丨賰丕賷鬲賴
賱賷賲賵鬲 賵 賷鬲乇賰 丨賰丕賷鬲賴 賮賷 賮賲 兀賱賷爻 貙乇丕賱賮 兀賵 丨氐賳 貙丕賱夭賷賱毓 貙丕賱賯爻賷爻 兀賲賷賳 貙噩賵賳 丿丕賷賮賷夭 ....
賵 丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱匕賷 賷噩毓賱賰 鬲鬲賵賯賮 賰賱 賱丨馗丞 賱鬲鬲匕賵賯 丕賱鬲毓丕乇賷賮 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 賱賱賰賱賲丕鬲 賵 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 貙賵 鬲亘丨孬 毓賳 賯賱賲 賵 賵乇賯丞 賱鬲賯鬲亘爻噩賲賱丕 賵 噩賲賱丕 賱賳 鬲賳鬲賴賷 廿賱丕 賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賱賴
''賯丕賱鬲 兀賱賷爻 兀賳賴 賲丕鬲
噩卅鬲 賵 睾胤賷鬲賴 亘丕賱噩乇丕卅丿 賵 賱賲 賷賰賳 兀丨丿貙夭賵噩賳賴 丕禺鬲賮鬲 貙賰賱賴賲 丕禺鬲賮賵丕 貙 賵 亘賯賷鬲 賵丨丿賷 '' 賯丕賱鬲 賾兀賱賷爻 廿賳賴丕 兀禺匕鬲賴 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賯亘乇丞 貙賵 乇兀鬲 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴. 氐丕乇 丕賱賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴 賯丕賱鬲 賱賷.鬲賰賱賲鬲 賲毓賴賲 賵 賱賲 鬲爻賲毓 兀噩賵亘鬲賴賲 孬賲 鬲乇賰鬲賴賲 賵 乇丕丨鬲 . 賵 賴賰匕丕 丕賳鬲賴鬲 丕賱丨賰賷丞
兀賵 賴賰匕丕 亘丿兀鬲 丕賱丿丕卅乇丞
December 2, 2015
廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 乇丕卅毓 賰毓丕丿鬲賴 賷丕禺匕賰 賲毓賴 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 廿賱賶 賯賱亘 亘賷乇賵鬲 丕賱賶 賵爻胤 丕賱賲丿賷賳賴 丕賱賰卅賷亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賲丿賷賳賴 丕賱賲馗賱賵賲丞 廿賱賶 毓乇賵爻 丕賱卮乇賯 賵 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞
賲賳 丕乇丿賴 賲毓乇賮鬲 賲毓丕賳丞 賱亘賳丕賳 賲毓 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱丕賴賱賷賴
丨乇亘 18 毓丕賲丕
毓賱賷賴 亘乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 廿賱賷丕爻
賲毓 丕賱丕卮丕乇賴 廿賱賶 兀賳 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 兀賮囟賱 賰丕鬲亘 毓乇亘賷 賱丿賷
賲賳 丕乇丿賴 賲毓乇賮鬲 賲毓丕賳丞 賱亘賳丕賳 賲毓 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱丕賴賱賷賴
丨乇亘 18 毓丕賲丕
毓賱賷賴 亘乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丕鬲 廿賱賷丕爻
賲毓 丕賱丕卮丕乇賴 廿賱賶 兀賳 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 兀賮囟賱 賰丕鬲亘 毓乇亘賷 賱丿賷
November 23, 2009
毓丕賴乇丕鬲貙 賲賴賲卮 賵廿丕賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 爻乇賷毓 賵噩賲賷賱 兀賵賱 賲丕 賯乇兀鬲 賱賴 賵亘丿兀鬲 賲毓賴 毓賱丕賯丞 賲丨亘丞 胤賵賷賱丞 亘丕賱賰丕鬲亘
March 13, 2019
丕鬲賷丨鬲 賱賷 毓丿丿 丕賱賮乇氐 賱兀賯乇兀 賱廿賱賷丕爻 丕賱禺賵乇賷 睾賷乇 丕賳賳賷 賱賲 兀鬲卮噩毓 賱廿賯鬲丨丕賲 毓賵丕賱賲賴.
賵噩丿鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 賮賷 乇賰賳賺 賲賳 兀乇賰丕賳 丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞 丕賱毓賲賵賲賷丞 貙睾賱丕賮賴 賷卮賷 亘兀賳賴 賲丕夭丕賱 噩丿賷丿丕賸 賵賱賲 鬲鬲賳丕賵賱賴 毓丿賷丿 丕賱兀賷丿賷 貙丕賱卮賷卅 丕賱匕賷 丕乇囟賷 睾乇賵乇賷 賵丿賮毓賳賷 賳丨賵賴 .
賲賳 兀賵賱 氐賮丨丞賺 睾乇賯鬲 賮賷 亘丨乇 鬲賮丕氐賷賱賴.賱賲 鬲賰鬲賲賱 丕賱賯氐丞 廿賱丕 賲毓 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 貙賲賱賱鬲 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 賲賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱兀爻賲丕亍貙 丕賱兀賲賰賳丞 貙賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賮丿賳賷 賮賷 卮賷亍賺 貙賱賰賳賳賷 鬲乇丕噩毓鬲 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱廿賳胤亘丕毓 兀禺賷乇丕賸 .
亘賷乇賵鬲貙貙貙賲丿賷賳丞 亘賲賱丕賲丨 噩賲賷賱丞 貙噩匕丕亘丞貙亘賯爻賲丕鬲 丿賯賷賯丞 賵丨賱賵丞 兀氐亘丨鬲 賲卮賵賴丞 .丕匕賴亘 廿賱賶 兀賳賴丕 兀氐亘丨鬲 毓丕賯乇丕賸 貙
禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賮毓賳賷 丕賱禺賵乇賷 毓賳賵丞賸 丿丕禺賱 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵噩毓賱賳賷 賲賳 爻賰丕賳賴丕 賵賲賱丕氐賯丕賸 賱毓亘丿丕賱賰乇賷賲 賵兀賱賷爻 貙兀賲賷賳 貙...
廿賳鬲賯賱 賲乇囟 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 廿賱賶 丿丕禺賱賷 丨鬲賶 賵氐賲賳賷 亘爻賵丿丕賵賷鬲賴 貙貙賰賲 兀賰乇賴 丕賱丨乇亘 貙賰賲 丕賱鬲賯夭夭 賲賳賴丕 ...
兀氐亘丨 毓丕賱賲賷 丕賱毓乇亘賷 賲卮賵賴丕賸 賮賷 兀睾賱亘賴 ..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 賴賱 睾囟亘賷 兀賵 亘賰丕卅賷 毓賱賶 丨丕賱鬲賳丕 爻賵賮 賷乇噩毓 亘賳丕亍 賲丕 鬲賴丿賲 兀賵 賴賱 爻賷毓賷丿 乇爻賲 賯爻賲丕鬲 兀賵胤丕賳賳丕 ...
賰鬲丕亘 噩賷丿 貙賷丿賹 賲賴乇丕鬲 鬲丨賷胤賰 亘丿賵丕鬲賴丕 丨鬲賶 鬲氐亘丨 卮禺氐賷丞賸 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賱.
兀丨亘亘鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 ...
****賯乇丕亍丞 胤賷亘丞 ***
賵噩丿鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 賮賷 乇賰賳賺 賲賳 兀乇賰丕賳 丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞 丕賱毓賲賵賲賷丞 貙睾賱丕賮賴 賷卮賷 亘兀賳賴 賲丕夭丕賱 噩丿賷丿丕賸 賵賱賲 鬲鬲賳丕賵賱賴 毓丿賷丿 丕賱兀賷丿賷 貙丕賱卮賷卅 丕賱匕賷 丕乇囟賷 睾乇賵乇賷 賵丿賮毓賳賷 賳丨賵賴 .
賲賳 兀賵賱 氐賮丨丞賺 睾乇賯鬲 賮賷 亘丨乇 鬲賮丕氐賷賱賴.賱賲 鬲賰鬲賲賱 丕賱賯氐丞 廿賱丕 賲毓 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 貙賲賱賱鬲 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 賲賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱兀爻賲丕亍貙 丕賱兀賲賰賳丞 貙賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賮丿賳賷 賮賷 卮賷亍賺 貙賱賰賳賳賷 鬲乇丕噩毓鬲 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱廿賳胤亘丕毓 兀禺賷乇丕賸 .
亘賷乇賵鬲貙貙貙賲丿賷賳丞 亘賲賱丕賲丨 噩賲賷賱丞 貙噩匕丕亘丞貙亘賯爻賲丕鬲 丿賯賷賯丞 賵丨賱賵丞 兀氐亘丨鬲 賲卮賵賴丞 .丕匕賴亘 廿賱賶 兀賳賴丕 兀氐亘丨鬲 毓丕賯乇丕賸 貙
禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賮毓賳賷 丕賱禺賵乇賷 毓賳賵丞賸 丿丕禺賱 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵噩毓賱賳賷 賲賳 爻賰丕賳賴丕 賵賲賱丕氐賯丕賸 賱毓亘丿丕賱賰乇賷賲 賵兀賱賷爻 貙兀賲賷賳 貙...
廿賳鬲賯賱 賲乇囟 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲丿賷賳丞 廿賱賶 丿丕禺賱賷 丨鬲賶 賵氐賲賳賷 亘爻賵丿丕賵賷鬲賴 貙貙賰賲 兀賰乇賴 丕賱丨乇亘 貙賰賲 丕賱鬲賯夭夭 賲賳賴丕 ...
兀氐亘丨 毓丕賱賲賷 丕賱毓乇亘賷 賲卮賵賴丕賸 賮賷 兀睾賱亘賴 ..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 賴賱 睾囟亘賷 兀賵 亘賰丕卅賷 毓賱賶 丨丕賱鬲賳丕 爻賵賮 賷乇噩毓 亘賳丕亍 賲丕 鬲賴丿賲 兀賵 賴賱 爻賷毓賷丿 乇爻賲 賯爻賲丕鬲 兀賵胤丕賳賳丕 ...
賰鬲丕亘 噩賷丿 貙賷丿賹 賲賴乇丕鬲 鬲丨賷胤賰 亘丿賵丕鬲賴丕 丨鬲賶 鬲氐亘丨 卮禺氐賷丞賸 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賱.
兀丨亘亘鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 ...
****賯乇丕亍丞 胤賷亘丞 ***
November 26, 2017
reading Khoury is always a struggle but it's worth it
January 16, 2018
Wonderful narration, poetic writing, and vivid depiction of post-civil war Beirut.
April 12, 2018
it was unique. very confusing at first but I enjoyed reading it nonetheless
June 26, 2022
.丕賱廿爻鬲胤乇丕丿 賵丕賱賲乇丕賵睾丞 賯鬲賱丕 賯丿乇鬲賷 毓賱賶 廿賰賲丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賾氐
November 7, 2023
Reading modernist Lebanese literature just means you鈥檒l be sad and confused at the same time
April 6, 2010
Set in Beirut during the Civil War, this book is both funny and immensely sad. It is, as so much of recent Lebanese literature/art has been, a study on memory and story-telling and history -- and the impossibility of all three. A man dies at the beginning of each chapter, and his story begins again. Each chapter is a different attempt to tell a version of his life and the lives of those around him.
I enjoyed it -- and I particularly enjoyed the references to a city and a landscape that I know -- but it wasn't gripping. And it certainly wasn't the poetic and powerful "Gate of the Sun" that I read a few years ago.
I enjoyed it -- and I particularly enjoyed the references to a city and a landscape that I know -- but it wasn't gripping. And it certainly wasn't the poetic and powerful "Gate of the Sun" that I read a few years ago.
December 10, 2014
A view of the life of average individuals during 1982 Lebanon War and Siege of Beirut. A multitude of characters present a kaleidoscopic, multi-layered tale where one story flows into another, almost like stream of consciousness, moving from one topic to another. Also, these stories are sometimes firsthand accounts, other times hearsay many times removed; just as in war and its aftermath, the truth can be difficult to discern.
December 19, 2015
A fast paced interweb of stories within stories, this journey doesn't cater to every person's taste. Read it if you like to listen to those unsaid little stories of people, of the different perspectives to a single story, to imbibe the wisdom from every facet of life. I am in love with this book.
Want to read
October 19, 2009賱丕夭賲 兀卮鬲乇賷賴
January 11, 2010
Got to page 68 and still have no idea what's really going on. I'm giving up on this one.
July 24, 2011
丕爻鬲睾乇賯鬲賳賷 胤賵賷賱丕 賱丕賳賴丕亍賴丕 -乇亘賲丕 賱丕賳賴丕 賲賲賱丞 賯賱賷賱丕- 賵賮賴賲 賰賱賲丞 亘賵賷丕 :)
毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 丨氐賳 貙 亘賷乇賵鬲 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱爻亘毓賷賳丕鬲 賵丕賱孬賲丕賳賷賳丕鬲 .
卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賵 " 賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴 "
毓亘丿 丕賱賰乇賷賲 丨氐賳 貙 亘賷乇賵鬲 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 丕賱爻亘毓賷賳丕鬲 賵丕賱孬賲丕賳賷賳丕鬲 .
卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賵 " 賳丕爻 亘賱丕 賵噩賵賴 "
July 29, 2011
丨鬲賶 兀丨丿丕孬購賴 貙 賰丕賳鬲 兀卮亘賴 亘丕賱賲賵丕賯賮 丕賱賲鬲賰乇乇丞 !
December 27, 2013
乇賵丕賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞貙 賰鬲丕亘丞 廿賱賷丕爻 禺賵乇賷 噩賲賷賱丞 賵毓賲賷賯丞.
賷賵噩丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿 丕賱賯賵賷丞 賵丕賱賲丐孬乇丞.
鬲禺賷賱鬲 亘賷乇賵鬲 賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲貙 賵賳丕爻賴丕貙 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賯賷賴丕.
賷賵噩丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿 丕賱賯賵賷丞 賵丕賱賲丐孬乇丞.
鬲禺賷賱鬲 亘賷乇賵鬲 賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲貙 賵賳丕爻賴丕貙 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賯賷賴丕.
April 30, 2017
爻賱丕賲賹 賱亘賷乇賵鬲
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