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乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 : 爻賷乇丞

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賯氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 噩賱亘 (賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻) 丕賱卮賴乇丞 賵兀賱賴賲 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賮賷 兀乇噩丕亍 丕賱毓丕賱賲貙 亘賯賱賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱匕賷 賵囟毓 爻賷乇丞賸 賱賭 (賲丕乇賰爻) 亘賷毓 賲賳賴丕 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 100000 賳爻禺丞.
"賰鬲賭賭丕亘 賷亘毓孬 毓賱賶 丕賱亘賴噩丞... 賵賷氐賵賾亘 兀賵賱卅賰 丕賱匕賷賳 賳卮賭賭賭丐賵丕 毓賱賶 丕賱丕毓鬲賯賭賭丕丿 亘兀賳賾賻 毓賲賱 (賲丕乇賰爻) 噩丕賲丿 賵賲鬲夭賲鬲 毓賯丕卅丿賷丕賸... 賲丕 賷賯丿賾賲賴 (賵賷賳) 賴賵 氐賵乇丞 賱賱乇噩賱 賳丕亘囟丞 亘丕賱丨賷丕丞". 丕賱氐賳丿丕賷 鬲賱睾乇丕賮貙 丕賱賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞.
"賱賯丿 丕賰鬲賮賶 丕賱賮賱丕爻賮丞 亘鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱毓丕賱賲貙 亘卮鬲賾賶 丕賱胤乇賯貨 賵丕賱賲賴賲 賴賵 鬲睾賷賷乇賴"貙 賴賰匕丕 賰鬲亘 (賲丕乇賰爻) 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 1845貨 賵賲賳 賴賳丕 賰丕賳 賰卮賮賴 丕賱賲賱鬲賴亘 賱匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 丕賱噩丿賷丿 丕賱匕賷 毓乇賮鬲賴 (丕賱丨賯亘丞 丕賱賮賷賰鬲賵乇賷丞) 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱) 丕賱匕賷 兀孬賾乇鬲 兀賮賰丕乇賴 毓賱賶 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱亘卮乇 賵睾賷賾乇鬲 賲噩乇賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷.
賷乇爻賲 (賵賷賳) 賱賵丨丞 (丿賷賰賳夭賷丞) 賱賱賰賮丕丨 丕賱匕賷 禺丕囟賴 (賲丕乇賰爻) 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 毓卮乇賷賳 毓丕賲丕賸 亘睾賷丞 廿鬲賲丕賲 乇丕卅毓鬲賴. 賵賯丿 賰丕賳 賱賭 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱)貙 丕賱匕賷 丨購賲賽賱賻 亘賴 賮賷 卮賯賾丞 賲賳 睾乇賮鬲賷賳 賮賷 賱賳丿賳 賵爻胤 丕賱卮噩丕乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丕賱賲丌爻賷 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞貙 兀賳 賷鬲乇賰 兀孬乇賴 毓賱賶 毓丿丿 賱丕 賷購丨賿氐賻賶 賲賳 丕賱賲賮賰賾乇賷賳 賵丕賱賰鬲賾丕亘 賵丕賱孬賵乇賷賷賳. 賵賲丕 丿丕賲鬲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 亘丕賯賷丞賸 亘賲賳睾賾氐丕鬲賴丕 爻鬲亘賯賶 丕賱丨丕噩丞 賯丕卅賲丞 廿賱賶 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 賵賮賴賲賴.

160 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2006

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About the author

Francis Wheen

23books86followers
Francis James Baird Wheen (born 22 January 1957) is a British journalist, writer and broadcaster.

Wheen was educated at Copthorne Prep School, Harrow School and Royal Holloway College, University of London. At Harrow he was a contemporary of Mark Thatcher who has been a recurring subject of his journalism.[citation needed] He is a member of the 'soap' side of the Wheen family, whose family business was the long-established "Wheen & Sons", soap-makers, as was revealed in the gossip column of the Daily Mail on 26 March 2007. He was married to the writer Joan Smith between 1985 and 1993.

He is the author of several books including a biography of Karl Marx, which won the Isaac Deutscher prize. A column for The Guardian ran for several years. He writes for Private Eye and is the magazine's deputy editor. His collected journalism 鈥� Hoo-hahs and Passing Frenzies won him the George Orwell Prize in 2003. He has also been a regular columnist for the London Evening Standard.

Wheen broadcasts regularly (mainly on BBC Radio 4) and is a regular panellist on The News Quiz, in which he often referred to the fact that he resembles the former Tory party leader Iain Duncan Smith. He is also one of the more frequently recruited guests for Have I Got News For You.

Wheen wrote a docudrama, The Lavender List, for BBC Four on the final period of Harold Wilson's premiership, concentrating on his relationship with Marcia Williams, which was first screened in March 2006. It starred Kenneth Cranham as former Prime Minister Wilson and Gina McKee as Williams. In April 2007 the BBC paid 拢75,000 to Williams (Baroness Falkender) in an out-of-court settlement over claims made in the programme.

Francis Wheen is a signatory to the Euston Manifesto and a close friend of Christopher Hitchens. In late-2005 Wheen was co-author, with journalist David Aaronovitch and blogger Oliver Kamm, of a complaint to The Guardian after it published a correction and apology for an interview with Noam Chomsky by Emma Brockes. Chomsky complained that the article suggested he denied the Srebrenica massacre of 1995. The writer Diana Johnstone also complained about references to her in the interview. The Guardian's then readers' editor Ian Mayes found that this had misrepresented Chomsky's position, and his judgement was upheld in May 2006 by an external ombudsman, John Willis. In his report for the Guardian, Willis detailed his reasons for rejecting the argument.

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Profile Image for Raya 乇丕賷丞.
836 reviews1,599 followers
October 24, 2017
"賱丕 兀丨爻亘 兀賳 兀丨丿賸丕 賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賳賯賵丿 賵噩賷賵亘賴 禺丕賵賷丞 廿賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱丨丿."

賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻



乇亘賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 噩賷賵亘 賲丕乇賰爻 丕賱禺丕賵賷丞 賵丨丕賱鬲賴 丕賱賲丕丿賷丞 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞 胤賷賱丞 丨賷丕鬲賴 賴賷 賲丕 丨乇賾賰鬲 毓賯賱賴 丕賱毓亘賯乇賷丞 賱賲賱丕丨馗丞 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵賮囟丨 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 賵賲賲丕乇爻丕鬲賴丕 丕賱賵丨卮賷丞 丕賱賱丕廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 賵賵囟毓賴丕 賮賷 兀賴賲 賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賵賴賵 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱".

賰賳鬲 丕賯乇兀 賮賷 丕賱賲丿乇爻丞 賵丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 毓賳 丕賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞貙 賵丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 廿丨丿丕賴丕貙 賵賱賲 兀賰賳 兀毓乇賮 毓賳賴丕 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賴匕丕. 賵丨賷賳 毓賲賱鬲 賮賷 丕賱賯胤丕毓 丕賱禺丕氐 賱賲丿丞 爻賳鬲賷賳 鬲賯乇賷亘賸丕貙 亘丿兀鬲 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 鬲鬲賵囟賾丨 賱丿賷貙 賮賰賳賾丕 賳毓賲賱 丨賵丕賱賷 8 爻丕毓丕鬲 賷賵賲賷賸丕貙 賵賯丿 鬲鬲噩丕賵夭 匕賱賰 廿賱賶 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賱賷賱 丿賵賳 賲賯丕亘賱 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲兀禺賷乇貙 賵兀賳鬲 賲胤丕賱亘 賮賷 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱鬲丕賱賷 兀賳 鬲丨囟乇 亘丕賰乇賸丕 賵廿賱賾丕 鬲毓乇囟鬲 賱賱賲爻丕卅賱丞 賲賳 丕賱廿丿丕乇丞. 賵賮賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賷丕賲 賰丕賳 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱賮毓賱賷 賱丕 賷鬲噩丕賵夭 丕賱爻丕毓鬲賷賳 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賰賳丕 賳毓賲賱 丨鬲賶 賵賯鬲 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱乇爻賲賷. 賰賳鬲 兀乇噩毓 廿賱賶 丕賱亘賷鬲 賱賷賱賸丕 賰賱 賷賵賲貙 賮兀氐亘丨 乇賵鬲賷賳 丨賷丕鬲賷: 賳賵賲貙 兀賰賱貙 毓賲賱 賵賴賰匕丕 丿賵丕賱賷賰! 兀氐亘丨鬲 兀賮賯丿 丕賱廿丨爻丕爻 亘賰賷賳賵賳鬲賷貙 賱賲 兀毓丿 兀乇 兀賴賱賷 丕賱匕賷賳 兀毓賷卮 賲毓賴賲 賮賷 亘賷鬲 賵丕丨丿! 賱丕 兀禺乇噩 廿賱賶 兀賷 賲賰丕賳 睾賷乇 丕賱毓賲賱! 賱丕 兀賮賰乇 爻賵賶 亘丕賱毓賲賱! 卮毓乇鬲 賵賰兀賳賳賷 兀鬲丨賵賾賱 廿賱賶 丌賱丞! 賵賰賱 賴匕丕 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀賳 賳夭賷丿 兀賲賵丕賱 賴匕丕 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 氐丕丨亘 丕賱毓賲賱! 賲丕 兀爻賵兀 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 賵賲丕 兀丨賯乇賴丕! 賵賮賷 馗賱 鬲賲丿丿 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵鬲賵丨賾卮賴丕 兀賰孬乇 賮兀賰孬乇貙 賷噩丿乇 亘賳丕 賵亘丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷賷賳 禺丕氐丞 廿毓丕丿丞 賯乇丕亍丞 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱"貙 賵廿賷噩丕丿 丨賱賵賱 鬲賳氐賮 丕賱毓賲丕賱 賵鬲賰亘丨 噩卮毓 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷賷賳.

賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿賸丕 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 爻賷乇丞 賰鬲丕亘 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱".

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Profile Image for Kevin (the Conspiracy is Capitalism).
367 reviews2,031 followers
June 13, 2024
Surprisingly useful intro to Marx, both in popularizing the revelations and (sometimes unintentionally) demonstrating the controversies鈥�

Preamble on Marx:
--Having experienced numerous summaries by much more credible authors (see the end), it was a surprise to read such an accessible and concise introduction to Marx by a British journalist who supported the imperialist invasion of Iraq.

The Good:
--Wheen鈥檚 book is divided into 3 parts: 鈥淕estation鈥� (the formative years), 鈥淏irth鈥� (of Capital Volume 1), and 鈥淎fterlife鈥� (history since).

--鈥淕estation鈥� really brings Marx to life, weaving together key concepts in his development:
1) Historical Materialism: flipping Hegel鈥檚 idealism and extending Feuerbach鈥檚 materialism with 鈥淧hilosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.鈥� 鈥his was later to become: 鈥渕en make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past.鈥�
2) Roots in German philosophy, French politics, and English economics.
3) 1858 plan for 6 volumes on political economy (* emphasizes the last 3 were not completed, hence much confusion regarding the state's role and geopolitics, esp. imperialism):
i) Capital (intro)
ii) Landed property
iii) Wage labour
iv) State*
v) International trade*
vi) World market*

--鈥淏irth鈥� dives into Capital Volume 1:
1) The conceptualization of capitalism starts with a world of commodities, interrogating this abstraction to find use-value vs. exchange-value, the Labour Theory of Value (LTV) via socially-necessary labour-time, 2 natures of labour to match the 2 types of values, and the abstraction of labour social relations into exchangeable things (commodity fetishism). Wheen describes this Frankenstein nature of commodification: 鈥淗owever glorious its apparent economic triumphs, capitalism remains a disaster since it turns people into commodities, exchangeable for other commodities. Until humans can assert themselves as the subjects of history rather than its objects, there is no escape from this tyranny.鈥�
2) C-M-C (commodity-money-commodity) commodity exchange where money is spent to obtain another commodity鈥檚 use-value (money is a means to an end) actually resembles petty producers (market fundamentalists focus on this, since the exchange looks equal). The rising Industrial Capitalism becomes 惭-颁-惭鈥�, where money is invested, i.e. 鈥渁dvanced鈥� instead of spent, where the return of more money M鈥� is the end in itself. This process of advancing money for more money creates 鈥渃补辫颈迟补濒鈥�.
3) Surplus value (the more money M鈥�) cannot routinely come from unequal exchange, since buyers are also sellers (of course, Michael Hudson would stress that Marx here is assuming a rent-free market where commodities are exchanged at their value, whereas the real world is consumed by economic rent via Finance and imperialism: The Bubble and Beyond). Surplus value comes from labour power, which itself is a unique commodity (labour market). Capitalists only need to pay enough for labour鈥檚 social reproduction (in fact, much of this is externalized to the State), and the remaining unpaid labour generates surplus value.
4) Immiseration thesis: rise in productivity leads to rise in relative size of the Industrial Reserve Army (relative surplus population). Workers are displaced by automation (structural unemployment), refuting a Supply/Demand equilibrium. It鈥檚 important to consider the entire scope of capitalism (i.e. global) to see the 2 poles, although immiseration has now spread to the Western white-collar middle class (hence the rise of the Far Right: )
5) Business cycles: commercial crisis of overproduction, where the only counter is to destroy some capital and/or expand markets (thus greater future crises).

6) Dialectics鈥� or having it both ways? Elaborating on Wheen鈥檚 piecemeal discussion here:
a) Real-world capitalism is full of contradictions; thus, analyses must be flexible enough to both accurately describe micro events and synthesize them with macro phenomenon. Also, Wheen provides useful context for Marx鈥檚 rich but inaccessible presentation style.
b) Theoretical 鈥渓aw鈥� does not mean there are no exceptions. Wheen then considers the Tendency for the Rate of Profit to Fall (TRPF), where mechanization (constant capital) replaces labour power (variable capital) and the decrease in labour power (according to Labour Theory of Value) means decreased surplus value. Fundamentalist Marxists (e.g. Robert Brenner, Andrew Kliman) seem to make this their central 鈥淐risis theory鈥�, whereas heterodox Marxists (e.g. aforementioned Hudson/Harvey/Patnaik) tend to emphasize moving beyond Capital Volume 1 assumptions and into Volumes II/III and beyond on overproduction, asymmetrical capitalist development i.e. imperialism, economic rent esp. debt crisis).
c) Having it both ways? While Marx does change as he evolves with his research/real world conditions (thus, certain ideas are bound to contradict over time), Wheen also points to specific movements where Marx seems to hedge his bets, particularly around predicting future crises and theorizing a final crisis.

The Questionable:
--鈥淎fterlife鈥�: all my mentions of 鈥渋mperialism鈥� should foreshadow issues with the final section:
1) While Marxism dwindled into reformism in the advanced capitalist countries (ex. Germany SPD鈥檚 Erfurt Program), it blossomed in backward Russia. The Narodniks theorized that since Russia already had an embryonic agrarian communal system, they should challenge rigid historical law and leapfrog over the privatization/capitalist industrialization stage. When the 鈥�Agrarian Question鈥� was posed to Marx in 1881, he replied with difficulty that the bourgeoisie phase 鈥溾€榠s expressly limited to the countries of Western Europe鈥欌€�, i.e. transitioning from one type of private property (feudalism) to another (capitalism). 鈥溾€楬ence the analysis provided in Das Kapital does not adduce reasons either for or against the viability of the rural commune.鈥欌€�...So far, so good...

2) Wheen further shows Marx鈥檚 struggles with his long-held belief in revolution through collective action under conditions of sufficient material productivity versus the clandestine operations taking place in backward Russia, framing it as Marx鈥檚 growing impatience.
...Of course, Wheen then frames the Russian Revolution and the rest of real-world socialism as a regression to rigid dogma in contrast to Marx鈥檚 continuous dialectical arguments, going so far as to say 鈥淥ne could even argue that the most truly Marxist achievement of the Soviet Union was its collapse: a centralized, secretive and bureaucratic command economy proved incompatible with new forces of production, thus precipitating a change in the relations of production.鈥� before citing traitor Gorbachev.
鈥or someone who stresses real-world contradictions, Wheen seems rigidly set on not even giving one mention to imperialism and its overwhelming layers of violence and strangulation, adopting the economized version of Marxism conveniently popular in the imperialist Western Left. For recent, diluted versions of this bias (i.e. omission of geopolitics), see Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future and The Socialist Manifesto: The Case for Radical Politics in an Era of Extreme Inequality.

3) On the domestic level, Wheen does manage to consider the limitations of the academic Western Left, and finishes with the relevance of Marx in the uneven geographies of 21st century globalization and financialization.

Next reads:
1) Varoufakis鈥� Talking to My Daughter About the Economy: or, How Capitalism Works鈥攁nd How It Fails is one of my all-time favorite intros, but it is meant to flow without jargon and names (of which Marx is but one key luminary, as Varoufakis is a self-described 鈥渆rratic Marxist鈥�: )
2) Varoufakis' synthesis of micro and macro alternatives: Another Now: Dispatches from an Alternative Present
3) Reading capital:
i) Utsa Patnaik鈥檚 on the unfinished scope of Marx's political economy, esp. regarding the imperialism (geopolitical economy): and Marx's Capital: An Introductory Reader
ii) David Harvey teaching Capital: A Companion to Marx's Capital
iii) The source: Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 1
4) Imperialism:
i) Intro to real-world conditions: The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions
ii) Applying theory to real-world: Capital and Imperialism: Theory, History, and the Present
Profile Image for Ahmed Hussein Shaheen.
Author听4 books195 followers
October 22, 2017

"賵賱賰賳 賲丕 賴賵 毓丿丿 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 丕賱匕賷賳 禺胤乇 賱賴賲 兀賳 賷丿乇噩賵丕 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賮賷 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵丕賱賮賳丕賳賷賳 丕賱毓馗賲丕亍責.... 賵丕賱賴丿賮 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷 賱賰鬲丕亘賷 賴匕丕 賴賵 兀賳 賷賯賳毓 亘毓囟 賴丐賱丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 亘兀賳 賷毓賷丿賵丕 丕賱賳馗乇...." 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳

賰賳鬲 賯丿 鬲丕亘毓鬲 賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲 丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇 丿賷賮賷丿 賴丕乇賮賷 毓賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱/ 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀賵賱 賵賯丿 乇兀賷鬲 賰賷賮 賯丿賲 賳馗乇丞 兀賰孬乇 毓賲賯丕賸 賲賲丕 毓乇賮鬲賴 賵爻賲毓鬲賴 毓賳 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賵禺氐賵氐丕賸 兀賳賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賵毓賷 丕賱噩賲毓賷 丕賱毓乇亘賷 賲乇鬲亘胤丞 丿丕卅賲丕賸 亘丕賱丕鬲丨丕丿 丕賱爻賵賮賷鬲賷 賵賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賱賷賳賷賳.
"亘賱 廿賳 亘賲賯丿賵乇 丕賱賲乇亍 兀賳 賷乇賶 兀賳 兀丨賯 廿賳噩丕夭 賲丕乇賰爻賷 兀賳噩夭賴 丕賱丕鬲丨丕丿 丕賱爻賵賮賷鬲賷 賰丕賳 丕賳賴賷丕乇賴." 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳

賵賴丕 賴賵 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳 賷毓胤賷 賲丕乇賰爻 亘毓丿丕賸 兀丿亘賷丕賸 賵賮賳賷丕賸 毓賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱" 丨賷孬 匕賰乇 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳貙 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱爻賷乇丞 毓賳 丨賷丕丞 賲丕乇賰爻貙 丕賱兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱兀丿亘賷丞 賵丕賱賮賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀賴丕 賲丕乇賰爻 賵馗賴乇鬲 賲賱丕賲丨賴丕 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱.

賷亘丿賵 賱賷 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賳 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賷丨鬲丕噩 賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 賵丕賱賳賯丿 賵丕賱鬲毓賲賯 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 兀賷 賵賯鬲 賲囟賶 "...賱兀賳 賰孬賷乇丕賸 賲賳 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賳 鬲毓丕賲賱賵丕 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賰兀賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賯丿爻貙 賵丕孬賯賷賳 賲賳 氐丨丞 賰賱 賲丕 賯丕賱賴 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賲賳 禺胤兀 賰賱 賲丕 賱賲 賷賯賱賴責" 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳

兀賲丕 兀賰孬乇 噩夭亍 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賮賰丕賳 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱匕賷 鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴 毓賳 兀賳 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷賳 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賰丕賳賵丕 賷馗賴乇賵賳 丕賱毓丿丕亍 丕賱丿丕卅賲 賱賲丕乇賰爻 賵賷賯丿賲賵賳 賮乇賵囟 丕賱賵賱丕亍 賱賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 賰丕賳賵丕 賮賷 丨賯賷賯丞 丕賱兀賲乇 賷賯鬲亘爻賵賳 賵賷鬲丨丿孬賵賳 亘賲賳胤賯 賲丕乇賰爻 丿賵賳 賵毓賷 賲賳賴賲 賲氐丿賯賷賳 亘匕賱賰 賰賱丕賲 賲丕乇賰爻 兀賳 賵噩賵丿賴賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賷丨丿丿 賵毓賷賴賲.

"鬲鬲丨丿丿 丕賱兀噩賵乇 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱氐乇丕毓 丕賱囟丕乇賷 亘賷賳 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕锟斤拷賷 賵丕賱毓丕賲賱. 賵丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賷乇亘丨 丨鬲賲丕賸貙 賮丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賷賲賰賳賴 兀賳 賷毓賷卮 賲賳 丿賵賳 丕賱毓丕賲賱 兀胤賵賱 賲賲丕 賷賲賰賳 賱賱毓丕賲賱 兀賳 賷毓賷卮 賲賳 丿賵賳 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷." 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻

" 兀賳賴 亘丕賱鬲賳丕爻亘 賲毓 鬲乇丕賰賲 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱貙 賱丕亘丿 兀賳 賷夭丿丕丿 丨丕賱 丕賱毓丕賲賱 爻賵亍丕賸貙 爻賵丕亍 兀賰丕賳 兀噩乇賴 賲乇鬲賮毓丕賸 兀賲 賰丕賳 賲鬲丿賳賷丕賸."

"賮廿賳 賲丕乇賰爻 賷賵囟丨 亘兀卮丿 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賵囟賵丨 兀賳 鬲毓乇賷賮賴 (卮兀賳 鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲爻賷丨) 賷賲囟賷 兀亘毓丿 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賱賷乇丕鬲 賵丕賱賯乇賵卮貨 廿賱賶 爻丨賯 丕賱乇賵丨 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞. 兀賷 兀賳 亘丐爻 丕賱亘毓囟 賷睾丿賵 卮乇胤丕賸 囟乇賵乇賷丕賸 賱孬乇丕亍 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 賵亘賰賱賲丕鬲 賲丕乇賰爻: 廿賳 鬲乇丕賰賲 丕賱孬乇賵丞 賮賷 胤乇賮 賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 匕丕鬲賴 鬲乇丕賰賲 賱賱亘丐爻貙 賵毓匕丕亘 丕賱毓賲賱貙 賵丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞貙 賵丕賱噩賴賱貙 賵丕賱鬲賵丨卮貙 賵丕賱丕賳丨胤丕胤 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 賮賷 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱." 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳

" 賮丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷 丕賱毓丕丿賷 亘丕鬲 賷毓賲賱 丕賱丌賳侉贍佗佗伽 爻丕毓丞 夭賷丕丿丞 毓賱賶 賲丿丞 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賷毓賲賱賴丕 胤賵丕賱 毓賲乇賴貙 賲賯丕亘賱 佴侃贍贍贍 爻丕毓丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 佟侃侉佟"

Profile Image for Makis Dionis.
544 reviews153 followers
November 23, 2017
螚 喂蟽蟿慰蟻喂魏萎 未喂伪未蟻慰渭萎 蟿慰蠀 螝蔚蠁伪位伪委慰蠀, 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 纬苇谓谓畏蟽畏 蟽蟿慰 渭蠀伪位蠈 蟿慰蠀 螠伪蟻尉, 蠅蟼 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰未慰蠂萎 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠉纬蠂蟻慰谓慰蠀 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀 魏 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻伪纬渭维蟿蠅蟽畏 蠅蟼 蠁慰蟻苇伪 蟿畏蟼 渭蔚纬伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻畏蟼 蟽蠉纬蠂蟻慰谓畏蟼 蔚蟺伪谓维蟽蟿伪蟽畏蟼. 螣 渭伪蟻尉喂蟽渭蠈蟼, 未蔚谓 萎蟿伪谓 蟿蠈蟽慰 喂未蔚慰位慰纬委伪 蠈蟽慰 未喂伪未喂魏伪蟽委伪 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎蟼, 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂萎蟼 未喂伪位蔚魏蟿喂魏萎 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰位慰纬委伪
Profile Image for Kriegslok.
461 reviews1 follower
April 17, 2013
This is a book about the book that probably directly and indirectly influenced the 20th Century more than any other. While a thin volume (especially when compare to the great work that it explores) it does some valuable work and sets a few important records straight. Perhaps key amongst these is to underscore that Das Kapital cannot and should not be seen as a "Marxist bible of eternally codified canons" - although such a religious cult soon developed around the book, a book which is probably as deeply read and understood by is adherents as the Bible is to many Christians or the Koran to many Muslims. In his lifetime Marx himself,as he despaired at those who were busy even then building his cult, Wheen notes stated "all I know is that I am not a Marxist". Part of the book is concerned with the basic contents of Marx's philosophy and the apparant contradictions and how Marx either refuted these or was happy to leave confusion in place so as to hedge his bets in areas of uncertainty. Wheen also emphasises that Marx did not explain how, why or when the system would destroy itself. Critically he notes that Marx saw Capitalism as a powerful and successful economic system that while depending on exploitation had constructed a resilliant society in which economics was the driving force of human development. Another valuable contribution made by Wheen's book is his illustration of the litary nature of Marx's work which is steeped in cultural and literary references which demonstrate his huge reading, understanding and love for literature (Wheen notes that there is a 450 page book devoted just to Marx's literary references). It is unlikely that I will ever sit down and try to read Das Kapital itself (I've tried in the past to tackle the first volume but have settled for abridged versions designed for people like me who lack a broad literary or economic knowledge and that was tough enough going) but I would recomend this book as a good one for clearing up some common misconceptions, for revealing some suprises and in its closing pages placing Marx in a modern context that finds his work still as relevant today as it was back then. I also like Marx's favourite motto "everything should be questioned" a lesson many of those who follow/followed him would do to learn for starters.
Profile Image for Antti Sorri.
123 reviews2 followers
September 8, 2015
Karl Marxin (1818 鈥� 1883) vaikutus modernille maailmalle on ollut suunnaton. H盲nen teoksiaan on painettu ja ajatuksiaan levitetty ymp盲ri maailmaa 鈥� eniten sitten Jeesuksen. Pitk盲n 1900-luvun aikana (termi Eric Hobsbawmin) h盲nen filosofiansa innoitti ns. sosialistista leiri盲, jonka alaisuudessa eli parhaimmillaan puolet maailman v盲est枚st盲.

Marx oli kapitalismina tunnetun talousj盲rjestelm盲n suurin kriitikko. Noin 1850-luvun vaihteesta l盲htien h盲n tuotti valtavan m盲盲r盲n erilaista tutkimustietoa ja artikkeleita, joissa pohdiskeli kapitalismin olemusta. Julkaistuista teoksista merkitt盲vin on tietenkin kolmiosainen P盲盲oma (Das Kapital), jonka ensimm盲isen osan Marx julkaisi vuonna 1867. Kaksi j盲lkimm盲ist盲 osaa l盲htiv盲t painosta vasta filosofin kuoleman j盲lkeen. Ne toimitti julkaisukuntoon pitk盲ik盲inen yst盲v盲 ja ty枚toveri Friedrich Engels (1820 鈥� 1895). Jo ensimm盲isen osan kirjoitusty枚 kesti vuosikymmeni盲. Tutustumisen kapitalismiin h盲n teki sellaisella pedanttisella pieteetill盲, ett盲 lopputulosta on pidetty viimeisen盲 filosofisena systeemin盲. T盲rke盲n盲 innoittajana toimi G.W.F. Hegel (1770 鈥� 1831), jonka ajattelun keski枚ss盲 olleen dialektiikan Marx k盲盲nsi nurinp盲in henkisest盲 materialistiseksi. Lopputulos johti filosofian, sosiologian ja taloustieteiden uudelleenarviontiin 鈥� joka jatkuu edelleen. Marx on siin盲 mieless盲 mielenkiintoinen klassikko, ett盲 h盲n on aina ajankohtainen.

Marxin ajattelua on tutkittu valtavasti. Pelk盲st盲盲n Suomeksi h盲nest盲 on julkaistu mittava m盲盲r盲 erilaisia ja eritasoisia tutkimuksia. Vuonna 2007 alkanut yleismaailmallinen taloustaantuma (lama?) nosti h盲net taas parrasvaloihin. Suomessa t盲m盲 n盲kyi piikkin盲 julkaistujen Marx-teosten m盲盲r盲ss盲. Mieleen nousevat kuin itsest盲盲n intialaissyntyisen taloustieteilij盲n, Meghnad Desain (s.1940) vuonna 2008 Gaudeamuksen kautta suomennettu erinomainen Marxin kosto sek盲 brittil盲isen kirjallisuuskriitikko Terry Eagletonin (s. 1943) vuonna 2010 Like kustantamon toimesta julkaisema Miksi Marx oli oikeassa?

Gummeruksen Ajatuskirjat oli selv盲sti samoilla apajilla julkaistessaan vuonna 2009 englantilaisen journalistin Francis Wheenin (s. 1957) pitk盲n esseen Marxin P盲盲oma. Se tarttuu h盲rk盲盲 sarvista ja pyrkii reilun 150 sivun tiivistelm盲ll盲盲n osoittamaan, mik盲 P盲盲oman merkitys on ollut maailmanhistoriassa. Tavoite on sivum盲盲r盲 huomioon ottaen kunnianhimoinen, joten luonnollisesti mieleen hiipii ep盲ilys, miten tuhansiin sivuihin paisuneesta j盲rk盲leest盲 saa j盲rkev盲n tiivistelm盲n.

Ei kovin hyvin, jos ei huonostikaan.

Wheen k盲y lyhyesti l盲vitse Marxin el盲m盲n p盲盲kohdat: syntym盲n Trieriss盲; opiskelut Berliinin hegelil盲isess盲 yliopistossa; avioitumisen Jenny von Westphalenin (1814 鈥� 1881) kanssa; sanomalehtimieskauden sek盲 maanpakolaisuuden Ranskassa, Belgiassa ja viimein, vuodesta 1851, Lontoossa, jossa h盲n eli el盲m盲ns盲 loppuun. Ty枚t盲 British Museumissa riitti, mutta perhe joutui el盲m盲盲n jatkuvasti n盲lk盲rajalla. My枚s t盲t盲 filosofin yksityisel盲m盲n kurjuutta, lapsikuolemineen, Wheen valoittaa.

Itse kohde, P盲盲oma, pidet盲盲n keski枚ss盲, ja kirjoitusprosessin eri vaiheita esitell盲盲n mutta loppujen lopuksi teoksen sis盲lt枚 j盲盲 pintapuoliseksi. T盲rkeit盲 k盲sitteit盲, kuten lis盲-arvoteoria, avataan muutama kappale, mutta muutoin P盲盲oman verraton kapitalismin analyysi 鈥� kuinka kapitalismin dynamiikka toimii 鈥� j盲盲 marginaaliseksi. Edell盲 mainittua materialistista dialektiikkaa ja Marxin ennustamaa vallankumousta sivutaan kyll盲, mutta vain ohimennen. Lukijan on syyt盲 olla selvill盲 niiden merkityksest盲 Marxin filosofialle ja 1900-luvun historialle muutenkin.

Mysteeriksi j盲盲 my枚s P盲盲oman valtava merkitys j盲lkimaailmalle. Eurooppalainen ty枚v盲enliike mainitaan sivulauseessa, samoin merkitt盲v盲t sosialistijohtajat, kuten Karl Kautsky (1854 鈥� 1938) ja V.I. Lenin (1870 鈥� 1922), jotka kehitteliv盲t Marxin n盲kemyksi盲 paremmin massoille sopiviksi, mutta ellei j盲lleen ole paremmin selvill盲 n盲iden ilmi枚iden ja henkil枚iden historiallisesta merkityksest盲, lukija on helposti ymm盲ll盲盲n. Marxin ajatusten politisoiminen ja Neuvostoliiton syntyminen johtivat verrattoman ajattelijan julkisuuskuvan tuhriutumiseen. H盲nen ajatuksiaan on v盲盲ristelty ja h盲nen nimiss盲盲n on tehty rikoksia, jotka olisivat saaneet t盲lt盲 rauhaa rakastavalta filosofilta jyrk盲n tuomion. Kuinka monelle tulee esimerkiksi yll盲tyksen盲 se, ett盲 h盲n olisi ollut kauhuissaan Neuvostoliitossa harjoitetusta valtiokapitalismista tai gulakeista? Marxilaisuuden erilaisia virtauksia sivutaan muutamalla esimerkill盲, mutta ensi kertaa asiaan perehtyv盲lle lukijalle ne menev盲t ohitse. Postmodernia marxilaisuutta k盲sitell盲盲n sent盲盲n kiinnostavin kommentein.

Teosta voi suositella aihepiiriin vasta tutustuvalle tietyin varauksin: Historiantuntemuksen perusl盲ht枚kohdat tulee olla hyvin hallussa. Kokeneemmille lukijoille se ei tarjoa juuri uutta, mutta ehk盲 virkist盲v盲n kertauksen. Kirjaa lukiessa her盲sikin monta kertaa kysymys: Kenelle se on oikein suunnattu? Ajatus tuntuu puuttuvan.
Profile Image for DoctorM.
838 reviews2 followers
September 17, 2012
A lovely small essay on "Das Kapital" not as a classic of political economy, but as a literary effort. However odd it may sound to ferret out elements of Gothic romance in Marx, the metaphors are there, and are quite likely things Karl-Heinrich himself would've understood: the creation (capitalism) that turns on and ensnares its creators, the creation that lives by draining out the life and soul of its creator. Wheen is having a good time here, but he's serious enough about "Kapital" as more than just a text in economics and politics. Marx was always a philosopher first, and "Kapital"--- huge, sprawling, endlessly re-written, never completed ---is not just an analysis of economic trends or a program for political action. "Kapital" in spirit (whatever Althusser may have thought) goes back to the ideas of the young Marx, to the idea that capitalism, however powerful its productive forces may be, is an process that destroys its creators and labourers both, and destroys human value even while creating an array of goods.
Profile Image for Carlos Martinez.
410 reviews403 followers
November 30, 2020
A useful and concise book, worth reading as a preliminary for The Big One, ie .

The first two chapters (containing a potted history of Capital and its author, along with a basic sketch of its contents) are great, almost overflowing with useful insights. The third and final chapter is frankly dreadful, condemning all Marxism after Marx and going full throttle on the eurocentrism and cynicism. If you discard the last chapter, you'll have an overall far more enriching and enjoyable experience, and you'll have saved yourself an hour or so. You're welcome.
Profile Image for Paul.
804 reviews78 followers
September 28, 2019
If reading Marx's Capital seems like a daunting task, but you still want to know what it says and why it's so important, Francis Wheen's brief "biography" of it is pretty much perfect for you. Along with the expected inclusions 鈥� the influences, the process, the basic arguments 鈥� Wheen argues that Capital is as much a literary work as an economic one, and discusses the various literary allusions with which Marx sprinkled his opus.

This is an exceptionally quick read, and very well done, a terrific introduction to one of modern history's most important works.
Profile Image for Michael Weinraub.
152 reviews9 followers
March 21, 2024
Loved this book and frankly, love the genre of relatively short books about seminal books (apparently a kind of innovation from Atlantic Books). Briefly, you get a good feel not only for Marx's approach and priorities, but an organic appreciation for the context in which he wrote. This book certainly whetted my appetite for more on Marx, his writings, and his legacy.
Profile Image for Fathy Sroor.
328 reviews146 followers
June 30, 2018
賲賰丕賮卅 賲賳丕爻亘 賱賰鬲丕亘"丿丕乇賵賷賳 賲鬲乇丿丿丕賸" 兀匕 賷丨賰賷 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 亘丨賲賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賵囟毓賴 賱兀賷賯賵賳鬲賴 賵賲丕 賷賰卮賮賴 賰賱 匕賱賰 毓賳 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賲賳鬲噩賴 賵睾賷乇賴 賲毓 毓乇囟 賲禺鬲氐乇(賵賱賰賳 賲禺賱 賱賱兀爻賮) 賱兀孬乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷.
Profile Image for Jonathan Haesaerts.
90 reviews4 followers
May 27, 2023
Binnen de boekenreeks 'Boeken die de wereld veranderden' is Das Kapital van Karl Marx niet alleen chronologisch het laatste maar ook wellicht het meest chaotische. Francis Wheen doet zijn best om de invloed van deze chaos te verklaren en daar waar de uitleg rond de invloed van Das Kapital prima is, net als de interpretaties achteraf (bv. Lenin), blijft m.i. de lezer wat op zijn honger betreffende de inhoud van het meesterwerk.
Profile Image for sayed.azam.
109 reviews18 followers
August 15, 2018
賯乇丕亍丞 賲賯丕賱 賮賷 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 賲丨鬲賵賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
Profile Image for Mark Desrosiers.
601 reviews155 followers
April 14, 2008
Wheen's brief, enthusiastic treatment of one of the Western canon's most forbidding volumes doesn't exactly make you want to read it, but does generate new respect for its eccentricity and prophetic power. Early on, Wheen argues that Das Kapital should be seen as a work of art, and not as a mind-numbing economics text:

"By the time he wrote Das Kapital, he was pushing out beyond conventional prose into radical literary collage -- juxtaposing voices and quotations from mythology and literature, from factory inspectors' reports and fairy tales, in the manner of Ezra Pound's Cantos or Eliot's The Waste Land. Das Kapital is as discordant as Schoenberg, as nightmarish as Kafka."

I'm still unconvinced, but then again I find both The Waste Land and the Cantos (not to mention Schoenberg) dull as dishrags. Wheen goes on to talk about the hilarious gestation and birth of Kapital, featuring dilatory Marx lying to his publishers for twelve years (talk about a missed deadline), and having to write standing up toward the end (due to some painful warts on his ass).

The chapter on the book's "afterlife" was most fascinating to me, especially as Wheen outs Louis Althusser as a wife-murdering charlatan, and then quotes several recent free-market capitalists (including George Soros) as Marx enthusiasts.



Profile Image for Jessica.
31 reviews
September 9, 2012
Very engrossing and well written. And just as the reviewer Bill Ward said, "Wheen shows that Marx's work is something like a vast Gothic novel, whose heroes are enslaved by the monster they created: capitalism." I can't believe I'm saying this but after reading this, I want to read Capital from cover to cover.

This small book is broken down into only three chapters in which the author describes some biographical history about Marx and the circumstances of his life leading up to the first submission, summarizes many of the basic ideas in Capital including inconsistencies and Marx's unique (sometimes bombastic other times couched) writing style, and lastly discusses some of the important the political and polemic effects of his work until now.
Profile Image for Najmuddin.
Author听5 books46 followers
January 17, 2015
#DasKapital adalah karya fragmenter yang tak lengkap. Marx sendiri merancang 6 jilid, sedangkan yang terbit semasa hidupnya hanya jilid pertama. Jilid ke-2 dan ke-3 adalah hasil kompilasi Engels. Maka ini penting diketahui terutamanya oleh penganut komunisme yang berkeras bahawa apa yang diucap Marx benar, dan yang tidak diucapnya salah.



Kata ekonomis Michael Lebowitz, benar bahawa Marx dengan bijaksana telah menemukan satu benua baru, tapi itu tidak berarti Marx telah memetakan benua itu semuanya dengan benar.
Profile Image for Christine.
264 reviews2 followers
August 2, 2016
Really, a person with any sense of history has to read Capital. It's a vitally important work to understanding economy from the 19th century forward. But why not, before plunging into what Wheen describes as a gothic horror novel without reading a history of Capital's history? So glad I did. His enthusiasm for Capital is infectious and makes the reader EXCITED to have at Marx's classic.

I also took his suggestion and purchased McLellan's abridgment of Capital. While one day I'd love to read all three volumes, for my scholarly work, the abridgment will do nicely.
Profile Image for Mohammed.
33 reviews13 followers
February 8, 2012
賮賷 孬賱丕孬 賮氐賵賱 賷賱禺氐 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賷丕丞 賰鬲丕亘 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱- 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻" . 賷亘丿兀 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘丨賷丕丞 賲丕乇賰爻 丕賱氐丨賮賷丞 賵 賲毓丕賳丕鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱賲賳賮賶. 孬賲 賷亘丿兀 亘賵氐賮 丕賱賲毓丕賳丕丞 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 賲賵賱丿 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賱丿賶 賲丕乇賰爻.
孬賲 賷賳鬲賯賱 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱賶 賲乇丕丨賱 賰鬲丕亘丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵 丕賱鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱丕賵賱 賱賰鬲丕亘賴. 賵 賷禺鬲鬲賲賴 亘乇丿賵丿 丕賱賮毓賱 亘毓丿 馗賴賵乇 丕賱賲噩賱丿 丕賱丕賵賱 賵 賯氐丞 馗賴賵乇 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賲噩賱丿丕鬲 賵 賰賷賮 丕賳鬲卮乇 賮賷 丕賳丨丕亍 丕賵乇亘丕. 丕賷囟丕 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕毓丿鬲 毓賱賶 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴 賵 賲賳 賯丕賲 亘丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞 賮賷 匕賱賰.

亘丕賱賲噩賲賱 賴賵 賰鬲丕亘 卮賷賯 賱賲賳 賱丿賷賴 丕賴鬲賲丕賲 亘賲丕乇賰爻 丕賵 亘兀賮賰丕乇賴 .
Profile Image for Jer Clarke.
35 reviews4 followers
April 18, 2019
Loved this short audiobook! I really didn鈥檛 know much about Marx or Das Kapital it turns out. This book shared the background and story of how the book was written, the key points of the book, and it鈥檚 legacy from the 19th century up to the present.

I can hardly believe how efficient it was. Now I want to read the full Das Kapital!
Profile Image for F谩bio Shecaira.
37 reviews3 followers
December 5, 2020
Succinct and elegant. This book provides a very good introduction to Marx鈥檚 life and work (with a particular focus on Capital, vol. 1).
Profile Image for Wouter Zwemmer.
652 reviews39 followers
March 23, 2022
Volgens dit boek zag Marx zichzelf als denker en als creatief kunstenaar. De schrijver vraagt zich af of lezers in onze tijd het onsamenhangende en de 鈥済ebroken verteltrant鈥� zouden duiden als artistiek, of eerder als vormloos en ondoorgrondelijk. Hij nodigt lezers uit om Marx te lezen zoals je luistert naar Beethoven of kijkt naar Goya鈥� Schijnbaar heeft Marx Das Kapital niet zelf voltooid; het is een onaffe verzameling notities en concepten dat later door anderen is aangevuld. Alleen het eerste deel is van Marx zelf.

Omkering
In 1843, kort na zijn trouwen, schrijft Marx een inzicht in zijn aantekeningen. Volgens Hegel maakte 鈥榙e idee van de staat鈥� de maatschappij, maar volgens Marx vanaf dat moment is het andersom. Religie maakt niet de mens, maar de mens maakt religie; de constitutie cre毛ert niet de natie, maar andersom. Marx neemt dit fundamentele idee van omkering over van Ludwig Feuerbach. In een boek over Feuerbach betoogt Marx dat de mens zichzelf onderwerp van de geschiedenis moet maken ipv andersom. Later vertaalt hij dat naar het kapitalisme waarover het vindt dat het ondanks de evidente economische triomfen mensen reduceert tot uitwisselbare waar. Of dit waar is, is maar ten dele het geval zou ik zeggen: mogelijk wel bij herhaalbaar uitwisselbaar werk, maar duidelijk niet of deels bij ondernemerschap en werk waarvoor hoogwaardige kennis en expertise is vereist.

Communistische bijbel
Volgens de schrijver kan Das Kapital niet het heilige boek van het communisme zijn dat veel communisten er wel van maken: 鈥�Das Kapital is een incompleet, fragmentarisch werk.鈥� Naast omissies bevat het ook fouten; veel voorspellingen zijn nooit uitgekomen. Het vernieuwende is dat Marx een tot dan toe onontgonnen terrein in kaart bracht: het industri毛le kapitalisme. Marx gaat uit van destijds geldende bepaling van de waarde van een goed, namelijk de hoeveelheid arbeid die erin zit. Hij behandelt zelf 茅茅n van de problemen hiervan: hij gaat uit van een soort maatschappelijk gemiddelde, omdat anders producten van luie of slecht opgeleide arbeiders waardevoller zouden zijn dan andere. Dit noemen we tegenwoordig productiviteit. Een ander probleem is dat het met deze interpretatie van waarde niet mogelijk moet zijn dat een eenvoudig product veel geld (of een andere ruilwaarde) kost. Inmiddels weten we dat mensen uit schaarste of om emotionele of andere redenen wel degelijk veel geld betalen voor eenvoudige producten, zie edelstenen.

Revolutie
Een centrale stelling van Marx is dat mechanisering leidt tot hogere productiviteit en daarmee afname van behoefte aan arbeid. Werkloosheid groeit en daarmee de verpaupering van arbeiders. Eventuele overproductie van goederen bij stijgende productiviteit in combinatie met verarmende bevolking zou worden vernietigd, volgens Marx. Uiteindelijk leidt dit proces tot revolutie, tot onteigening van hen die onteigenden.

Ontvangst
Een ironische situatie is dat Das Kapital in het westen lauw werd ontvangen maar in Rusland goed. Marx zelf schreef erover dat hij het ironie van het lot vond omdat hij zelf de Russen 25 jaar had bevochten. Degenen die het boek volgens Marx nodig hadden, waren het minst in staat om het te begrijpen, terwijl de elite er geen behoefte aan had. Lenin baseerde zijn idee毛n op Das Kapital maar paste ze pragmatisch toe in zijn eigenbelang: 鈥淒e moderne socialistische beweging kan alleen maar ontstaan op de basis van een diepgaande wetenschappelijke kennis (鈥�). De drager van deze wetenschap is niet het proletariaat maar de burgerlijke intelligentsia.鈥� Misschien zien we hier het begin van wat later tirannie werd? Marx adagium was niet een ideologie maar een kritisch dialectisch proces; Lenin en Stalin maakten het tot een star dogma. Na Rusland omarmde China het Marxisme, maar Mao richtte zich op de boeren ipv op de steden en industrie (Rusland). Twee jaar na invoering, in 1960, was er hongersnood in China en stapte dat land er alweer vanaf. Sinds de dood van Mao is China de kapitalistische weg opgegaan: marktleninistisch ipv marxistisch-leninistisch.

Afsluiting
Bizar om een heel boek te lezen over mislukte op Marx gebaseerde politiek-economische experimenten en fouten in Marx denkwijze, en vervolgens de auteur te horen verzuchten dat in onze tijd de 鈥渨erkelijke betekenis鈥� van Marx鈥� werk duidelijk zal worden en dat hij alsnog de meest invloedrijke denker van de eenentwintigste eeuw zou kunnen worden. Klinkt haast religieus; die mensen houden ook maar vast aan verouderde idee毛n tegen beter weten in.
Profile Image for Jim Cook.
96 reviews2 followers
May 24, 2022
(Jim Cook鈥檚 review) Francis Wheen鈥檚 book is a short (130 pages), lucid, and very engaging account of the development, reception, and 鈥渁fterlife鈥� of one of the world鈥檚 鈥済reat鈥� books: Marx鈥檚 Capital.

It鈥檚 divided into three well-labeled chapters: Genesis, Birth, and Afterlife. The first chapter relates the story of the very long gestation of Marx鈥檚 Capital. As Marx was a perfectionist who wanted to complete a study that was both 鈥渟cientific鈥� and a work of art, coupled with his inability to finish a job once started, his projected 6 volumes of Capital materialized into only one volume that he was able to publish during his lifetime. The other volumes of Capital (volume 2, 3, and the three volumes of Theories of Surplus Value) were published after his death, edited by others. The posthumous volumes, based as they are on Marx鈥檚 sometimes chaotic notebooks, are a much more difficult read than volume 1, first published in 1867.

The first chapter of Wheen鈥檚 book also provides captivating glimpses of many of Marx鈥檚 earlier writings, some of which were not published until the twentieth century (e.g., the Paris Manuscripts of 1844, and the Grundrisse).

The second chapter is a brief overview of some of the key concepts in Capital. Overall, Wheen鈥檚 exposition is balanced and lucid, although I did not agree with all of his interpretation. For example, on page 44, Wheen advances a rather idiosyncratic interpretation of Marx鈥檚 notion of commodity fetishism; and, he also seems to confuse the concept of 鈥渟urplus value鈥� with 鈥減rice鈥�, two very different things. That said, most readers will find that Wheen鈥檚 brief analysis is a model of clarity.

The final chapter examines the fate of Capital following its initial publication 155 years ago. Wheen鈥檚 observations about Lenin are particularly interesting; he also briefly covers several of the key intellectual controversies inspired by Capital over the past century and a half.

Overall, this little 鈥渂iography鈥� of Capital is an excellent introduction to both the book and its impact on the modern world. The only quibble I have with it is that Wheen (or his editors) chose not to include footnotes; consequently, none of the many quotations throughout the book are referenced, a cardinal error in my view.

What did I like the most? I alluded earlier to the artistic merits of volume one of Capital. It is a great work of literature as well as an interesting take on social formation and history. Marx was a voracious reader and Capital includes a huge number of allusions to great works of literature. Wheen鈥檚 book tends to focus on this aspect of Capital and I especially liked his account of the influence of Dante鈥檚 Inferno on the structure and content of Capital (see pp. 70-2, especially). I wonder if this influenced the Canadian political scientist, William Clare Roberts who wrote one of the most interesting studies of Capital I have ever read (Marx鈥檚 Inferno: The Political Theory of Capital (2013)?

Wheen鈥檚 little book is highly recommended and I give it five stars.
Profile Image for Rizgar Haji.
126 reviews18 followers
June 24, 2022
兀匕賰乇 兀賳賷 賯亘賱 15 毓丕賲丕 賵賮賷 匕乇賵丞 丕賳亘賴丕乇賷 亘丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 賵丕賱卮賷賵毓賷丞 賵亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱兀賷賯賵賳丕鬲 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷丞 賰丕賱亘賷丕賳 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷 賵丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵丕賱孬賵乇丞 賵丿乇賵爻 孬賵乇丞 兀賰鬲賵亘乇 貙 丕毓鬲夭賲鬲 賯乇丕亍丞 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 匕丕賰 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱囟禺賲 丕賱匕賷 賷毓鬲亘乇 賱丿賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇賷賳 "廿賳噩賷賱 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賷賳". 賱賰賳 賵賱賱兀賲丕賳丞 賵亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 兀賵賱 100氐賮丨丞 賱兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲乇丞 兀氐亘鬲 亘廿丨亘丕胤 卮丿賷丿 賱毓丿賲 賲賯丿乇鬲賷 毓賱賶 賲噩丕乇丕丞 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 賵丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賲毓賯丿賷賳 賵兀賳丕 丕賱睾賷乇 賲禺鬲氐 賵丕賱卮亘賴 噩丕賴賱 亘丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷.
賲乇鬲 丕賱兀賷丕賲 賵賰賮乇鬲 亘丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷 亘乇賲鬲賴 賵賱賰賳賷 賱丕 夭賱鬲 丕毓鬲亘乇 賲丕乇賰爻 兀丨丿 丕賰亘乇 毓馗賲丕亍 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱匕賷賳 丕爻鬲胤丕毓賵丕 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賱丕夭賱鬲 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 兀賯乇兀 賴匕丕 丕賱賲丕賳賮賷爻鬲賵 丕賱毓賲賱丕賯.
賲丐禺乇丕 賵賯毓 賰鬲丕亘 Francis Wheen 鬲丨鬲 賷丿賷 賮丕毓鬲賯丿鬲 兀賳賳賷 廿賳 賯乇兀鬲 賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 "乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱" 賷賯丿賲賴 賵賷卮乇丨 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱鬲賷 賰鬲亘 亘賴丕 賵賷亘爻胤 廿胤乇賵丨丕鬲賴 爻賷毓胤賷賳賷 丕賱丿丕賮毓 賱賯乇丕亍丞 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賲噩丿丿丕. 亘丕賱賮毓賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 乇丕卅毓 賵鬲乇噩賲丞 孬丕卅乇 丿賷亘 夭丕丿鬲賴 乇賵毓丞.

丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷賯毓 賮賷 孬賱丕孬 賮氐賵賱 賷賱禺氐 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷賴丕 賲乇丕丨賱 賵馗乇賵賮 賰鬲丕亘丞 賲丕乇賰爻 賱"乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱" .
賷亘丿兀 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘賳卮兀丞 賲丕乇賰爻 孬賲 賳賮賷賴 賵 賲毓丕賳丕鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱賲賳賮賶. 孬賲 賷亘丿兀 亘賵氐賮 丕賱賲毓丕賳丕丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賱賲丕乇賰爻 賵毓丕卅賱鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 爻丕賴賲鬲 賮賷 賲賵賱丿 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賱丿賶 賲丕乇賰爻." 賱丕 兀丨爻亘 兀丨丿丕 賸 賯胤 賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賳賯賵丿 賵噩賷賵亘賴 禺丕賵賷丞 廿賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱丨丿". 賵賷乇賵賷 兀賷囟丕 氐丿丕賯丞 賲丕乇賰爻 賵廿賳噩賱夭 賵 賲爻丕毓丿丞 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賱賴.

孬賲 賷賳鬲賯賱 丕賱賶 賲乇丕丨賱 賰鬲丕亘丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵 丕賱鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱兀賵賱 賱賰鬲丕亘賴 賵乇丿賵丿 丕賱賮毓賱 亘毓丿 馗賴賵乇 丕賱賲噩賱丿 丕賱兀賵賱 (賵丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 爻鬲丞 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 丕毓鬲夭賲 賲丕乇賰爻 鬲丿賵賷賳賴丕 賱賰賳 賵丕賮鬲賴 丕賱賲賳賷丞 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賴 賲賳 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀賵賱 賮賯胤) 賰賲丕 賷賯丿賲 丕賱禺胤賵胤 丕賱毓乇賷囟丞 賱乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 亘卮乇丨 賲亘爻胤.

丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賷乇賵賷 亘賵丕丿乇 孬賵乇丞 丕賱亘乇賵賱賷鬲丕乇賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 賳亘兀 亘賴丕 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賱賰賳賴丕 氐丿賲鬲賴 兀賳賴丕 兀鬲鬲 賲賳 乇賵爻賷丕 丕賱夭乇丕毓賷丞 丕賱睾賷乇 乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕氐賱丕 賵賱丕 鬲丨賵賷 毓賱賶 賰亘賯丞 亘乇賵賱賷鬲丕乇賷丕. 賵賷禺鬲賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘賯氐丞 馗賴賵乇 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賲噩賱丿丕鬲 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩賲毓賴丕 廿賳噩賱夭 賵賳爻賯賴丕 賵賳賯丨賴丕 賲賳 亘賷賳 兀賰賵丕賲 賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 賲丕乇賰爻 丕賱睾賷乇 賲賰鬲賲賱丞 賵 賰賷賮 丕賳鬲卮乇鬲 賮賷 丕賳丨丕亍 丕賵乇亘丕.


賲賯鬲胤賮丕鬲 兀毓噩亘鬲賳賷:

"賷亘丿賵 賱賷 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賳 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賷丨鬲丕噩 賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 賵丕賱賳賯丿 賵丕賱鬲毓賲賯 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 兀賷 賵賯鬲 賲囟賶 .賱兀賳 賰孬賷乇丕賸 賲賳 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賷賳 鬲毓丕賲賱賵丕 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賰兀賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賯丿爻貙 賵丕孬賯賷賳 賲賳 氐丨丞 賰賱 賲丕 賯丕賱賴 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賲賳 禺胤兀 賰賱 賲丕 賱賲 賷賯賱賴責"

"廿賳 賲丕乇賰爻 賷賵囟丨 亘兀卮丿 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賵囟賵丨 兀賳 鬲毓乇賷賮賴 (卮兀賳 鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲爻賷丨) 賷賲囟賷 兀亘毓丿 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賱賷乇丕鬲 賵丕賱賯乇賵卮貨 廿賱賶 爻丨賯 丕賱乇賵丨 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞. 兀賷 兀賳 亘丐爻 丕賱亘毓囟 賷睾丿賵 卮乇胤丕賸 囟乇賵乇賷丕賸 賱孬乇丕亍 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 賵亘賰賱賲丕鬲 賲丕乇賰爻: 廿賳 鬲乇丕賰賲 丕賱孬乇賵丞 賮賷 胤乇賮 賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 匕丕鬲賴 鬲乇丕賰賲 賱賱亘丐爻貙 賵毓匕丕亘 丕賱毓賲賱貙 賵丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞貙 賵丕賱噩賴賱貙 賵丕賱鬲賵丨卮貙 賵丕賱丕賳丨胤丕胤 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 賮賷 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱."

"賷鬲賲賷夭 賰鬲丕亘 ( 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱) 亘兀賳賴 賳賯丿 丨賷 賵賱賲丕丨 賱賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞貙 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳賴 爻賷毓賵丿 廿賱賶 丕賱賵丕噩賴丞 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱兀夭賲丞 丕賱賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀孬亘鬲鬲 兀賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 毓賷賵亘 禺胤賷乇丞 噩丿丕 賸貙 鬲賴丿丿賴 賲賳 丨賷賳 廿賱賶 丨賷賳貙 賮賷賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘丿賵乇丕鬲 丕賱丕夭丿賴丕乇 賵丕賱賰爻丕丿".
Profile Image for Joseph Awad.
65 reviews11 followers
December 22, 2021
毓賳賵丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲乇亘賰貙 賮賴賵 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻) 兀賵 賮賷 鬲乇噩賲丞 兀禺乇賶 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻: 爻賷乇丞) 賵賮賷 兀禺乇賶 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱: 爻賷乇丞 賰鬲丕亘) 賮賷 賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱鬲乇噩賲丞 丕爻賲賴 賮賷 丕賱兀氐賱 丕賱廿賳賰賱賷夭賷 Marx's Das Kapital: A Biography 賱賰賳賴 -賰賲丕 兀丨丕賵賱 兀賳 兀賵囟丨- 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賳賮爻賴貙 亘賱 賴賵 賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賴賵 賲賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱廿賳賰賱賷夭賷 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳.

賷乇丕賴賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 賳馗乇丞 賲丨丿丿丞 賱賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 鬲鬲丨丿賶 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱毓丕賲丞. 賮賴賵 賱賷爻 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賲賯丿爻 丕賱賲賰鬲賲賱 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 鬲卮賵亘賴 卮丕卅亘丞貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賴 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘丕賸 禺丕乇噩 丕賱爻賷丕賯 賵鬲噩丕賵夭賴 丕賱夭賲賳. 賷丨丕噩 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘兀賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賴賵 賮賷 丕賱兀爻丕爻 賵亘爻亘亘 胤亘賷毓丞 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賳賮爻賴 賵丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰鬲亘 亘賴丕 賰鬲丕亘 睾賷乇 賲賰鬲賲賱貙 賵賱賲 賷賰賳 賱賴 兀賳 賷賰鬲賲賱貙 賱賰賳賴 賮賷 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱 賰鬲丕亘 賲賱賷亍 亘丕賱鬲亘氐乇丕鬲 丕賱賮匕丞 賵丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮丕鬲 丕賱賲賴賲丞.

賮賰鬲丕亘 賮乇丕賳爻賷爻 賵賷賳 賴賵 爻賷乇丞 賵賱賰賳 賱賷爻 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賳賮爻賴 亘賱 賱賰鬲丕亘賴 (乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱). 賵亘賲丕 兀賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲丿丕禺賱 丨賰賲丕賸 賲毓 鬲丕乇賷禺 賰丕鬲亘賴 賮賰鬲丕亘 (賵賷賳) 賷毓胤賷 氐賵乇丞 睾賳賷丞 毓賳 卮禺氐 兀孬乇鬲 兀賮賰丕乇賴 毓賱賶 賲爻丕乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵賷囟毓賴 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱賲賰丕賳 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賱卮禺氐 丕賲鬲賱賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱毓亘賯乇賷丞 賵賱賰賳 兀賷囟丕賸 丕賱毓賷賵亘 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲毓丕賳丕丞.

賷鬲賵夭毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 賲丨賵乇賷賳貙 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 丨賷丕丞 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 禺賱丕賱 賰鬲丕亘丞 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賵丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀賲囟丕賴丕 賵鬲胤賵乇 兀賮賰丕乇賴 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賲賲鬲丿丞 賱賯乇丕亘丞 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 毓丕賲丕賸.

兀賲丕 丕賱賲丨賵乇 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賮賲鬲毓賱賯 亘兀孬乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵兀賮賰丕乇賴 賯亘賱 賵亘毓丿 賵賮丕丞 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻. 賵賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賲丨賵乇 賷睾胤賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘廿賷噩丕夭 毓丿丿丕賸 賱丕 亘兀爻 亘賴 賲賳 丕賱鬲丿丕毓賷丕鬲 丕賱賮賰乇賷丞 賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻 賵丕賱鬲賷丕乇丕鬲 賵賳馗賲 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱鬲賷 賳鬲噩鬲 亘鬲兀孬賷乇 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱. 賰賲丕 賷丨丕賵賱 賲賳丕賯卮丞 亘毓囟 丕賱丕爻鬲亘氐丕乇丕鬲 丨賵賱 毓丕賱賲賳丕 丕賱賲毓丕氐乇.

丕賱賰鬲丕亘 卮賷賯 賵賷賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賱賰賳 賱丕 賷賳氐丨 亘爻賲丕毓賴貙 賮丕賱鬲爻噩賷賱 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿 毓賱賶 爻鬲賵乇賷 鬲賱 睾賷乇 賲賳賯丨 賵賷卮鬲賲賱 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱廿毓丕丿丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賷賮鬲乇囟 亘賴丕 兀賳 鬲丨匕賮貙 廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺賱 兀丨賷丕賳丕 亘賲毓賳賶 丕賱賳氐 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賮毓賰 廿賱賶 丕賱丕爻鬲賲丕毓 亘丨丕賱丞 賲賳 丕賱鬲卮賰賰 丕賱丿丕卅賲貙 兀賵 乇亘賲丕 -廿匕丕 賲丕 丕爻鬲賵丨賷賳丕 賲丕乇賰爻- 丕賱丿賷丕賱賰鬲賷賰.
Profile Image for 賮賴丿 丕賱賮賴丿.
Author听1 book5,522 followers
June 19, 2011
乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱 賱賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 鈥� 爻賷乇丞

賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賲孬賷乇貙 賯氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱兀卮賴乇貙 賵丨賰丕賷丞 賲丐賱賮賴 丕賱匕賷 鬲丨賵賱 丕爻賲賴 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 賲賳 丕賱夭賲賳 廿賱賶 賲賮乇丿丞 丨賷丕鬲賷丞 賷賵賲賷丞貙 賵鬲丨賵賱鬲 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 廿賱賶 丿爻鬲賵乇 賱毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱貙 亘賱 廿賳賴丕 丨丿丿鬲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱卮賴賷乇 賵丕賱匕丕卅毓 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳貙 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱兀賵賱 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷貙 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱孬丕賳賷 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷貙 賵丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱孬丕賱孬.

亘丿兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賮賰乇丞 亘賷賳 丕賱氐丿賷賯賷賳 丕賱噩丿賷丿賷賳 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賮乇賷丿賷乇賷賰 廿賳噩賱夭貙 兀孬賳丕亍 賱賯丕亍賴賲丕 丕賱兀賵賱 1844 賲貙 丨賷孬 鬲丨賵賱鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱賮賰乇丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賷卮亘賴 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰貙 丨賷孬 廿賳噩賱夭 亘氐賱丕鬲賴 賵毓賲賱賴 賮賷 亘賵乇氐丞 丕賱賯胤賳 賵廿胤賱丕毓賴 毓賱賶 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞貙 賷夭賵丿 賲丕乇賰爻 亘丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賲賳 賯賱亘 丕賱毓丿賵貙 賰賲丕 賷爻丕毓丿 氐丿賷賯賴 丕賱亘丕卅爻 賵丕賱賮賯賷乇 賮賷 亘毓囟 賳賮賯丕鬲賴 賵丕賱鬲賷 賷賵乇丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳鬲賮丕 賸 賲賳賴丕貙 賱賳毓乇賮 廿賱賶 兀賷 丨丿 賵氐賱鬲 丨丕賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賵賱賳賮賴賲 賯賵賱賴 丕賱爻丕禺乇 " 賱丕 兀丨爻亘 兀丨丿丕 賸 賯胤 賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賳賯賵丿 賵噩賷賵亘賴 禺丕賵賷丞 廿賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱丨丿"貙 賵賰丕賳 毓賱賶 賲丕乇賰爻 丕賱丨賲賱 丕賱兀賰亘乇 賮賷 丕賱鬲賮乇睾 賱賱鬲賳馗賷乇 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞貙 賵賴賷 賲賴賲丞 鬲亘丿賵 賱賲賳 賷賯乇兀 賵賷胤賱毓 毓賱賶 鬲賮丕氐賷賱賴丕 賲孬賷乇丞 賱賱囟丨賰 賵丕賱卮賮賯丞貙 丨賷孬 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賲賯丿乇丕 賸 賱賴 兀賳 賷賳鬲賴賷 賮賷 爻賳丞 1845 賲貙 賷胤賵賱 毓賲乇賴 亘賲賲丕胤賱丕鬲 賲丕乇賰爻貙 賵丕賳氐乇丕賮賴 毓賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱毓乇丕賰 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷貙 賵賲卮丕賰賱賴 丕賱毓丕卅賱賷丞 賵丕賱賲丕賱賷丞 鈥� 鬲賵賮賷 孬賱丕孬丞 賲賳 兀胤賮丕賱賴 亘丕賱賲乇囟 -貙 賱賷氐丿乇 爻賳丞 1867 賲.

丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀賵賱 丕賮鬲乇丕囟賷丕 賸 賱乇亘丕毓賷丞 鬲賳賯丿 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞貙 賵鬲亘賷賳 廿丨氐丕卅賷丕 賸 賰賷賮 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲丨賮乇 賯亘乇賴丕 亘賳賮爻賴丕貙 賵賱賰賳 賲丕乇賰爻 賱賲 賷賳噩夭 廿賱丕 丕賱噩夭亍 丕賱兀賵賱 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賲爻賲賶 ( 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱)貙 賵噩賲毓 廿賳噩賱夭 亘賯賷鬲賴丕 亘毓丿 賵賮丕鬲賴 毓賱賶 卮丕賰賱丞 賳氐賵氐 賵賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 睾賷乇 賲賰鬲賲賱丞.

賷鬲賲賷夭 賰鬲丕亘 ( 乇兀爻 丕賱賲丕賱) 亘兀賳賴 賳賯丿 丨賷 賵賱賲丕丨 賱賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞貙 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳賴 爻賷毓賵丿 廿賱賶 丕賱賵丕噩賴丞 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱兀夭賲丞 丕賱賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱丨丕賱賷丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀孬亘鬲鬲 兀賳 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 毓賷賵亘 禺胤賷乇丞 噩丿丕 賸貙 鬲賴丿丿賴 賲賳 丨賷賳 廿賱賶 丨賷賳貙 賮賷賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘丿賵乇丕鬲 丕賱丕夭丿賴丕乇 賵丕賱賰爻丕丿.

74 reviews
November 13, 2019
Very captivating and well written short book about the history of probably the most important book written in last 3 centuries. This small book, only 128 pages with only three chapters in which the author, in addition to some biographical history about Marx, summarizes many of the basic ideas in Capital including Marx's unique writing style. It is amazing that the book that altered the course of history; even today after some 150 years, finds its readers. I was surprised to learn that the first volume of Capital quickly sold through its print run in, of all places, Russia, while the French could never quite get a translation to Marx鈥檚 satisfaction and the Germans ignored him. No English edition was available in his lifetime.
An excellent book that puts Marx's "Das Kapital" in more context, both in what came prior and what came since. A great read. As Wheen said it in the book "Far from being buried under the rubble of the Berlin Wall, Marx may only now be emerging in his true significance."
Profile Image for Kai Mustakoski.
122 reviews37 followers
January 8, 2020
I'd recommend this to anyone who would like to know something about Marx and his masterpiece. The book is pretty decent, entertaining, short and easy to read; I wanted to go through it again in order to gather my thoughs because I'm currently reading the whole of Das Kapital.

Only negative thing to say about the book is that Francis Wheen cannot sometimes be without stating his own opinion as a fact - extremely annoying habit if not stated clearly. Otherwise a pretty good start delving into Marx's thinking.

4/5
Profile Image for David Buchmann.
37 reviews
May 9, 2019
A great introduction to Marx's work and the historical moment in which he carried it out. Wish I could have read this when studying Marx in college. At the same time, I wish this book had been written yesterday, so that the "Afterlife" section could cover the 2008 Financial Crisis and the debate over neoliberalism and inequality. Alternatively, the "Afterlife" section could have been much abbreviated or left off altogether.
Profile Image for Ahmed Ramadan.
162 reviews64 followers
July 29, 2013
廿賷賴 亘賯賶 丕賱賱賶 兀賳丕 賯乇賷鬲賴 丿丕 :D
賰鬲丕亘 賳馗乇賶 亘賲賮丕賴賷賲 賵賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 賱賲丨亘賶 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賲毓 匕賰乇 賲卮丕賴丿 賲賳 丨賷丕丞 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賵 馗乇賵賮賴 丕賱賲毓賷卮賷丞 賵 賰賷賮賷丞 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 賱賲丕 爻賲賶 亘毓丿 賮賰乇賷賿丕 (( 丕賱賲丕乇賰爻賷丞 ))
賱丕 賷賮囟賱 賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賰鬲賱禺賷氐 賱賲賳賴噩賷丞 賰丕乇賱 賲丕乇賰爻 賵 鬲賮賰賷乇賴
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