An Egyptian historian. He dedicated his life to the study of the roles of the national movement in the history of modern Egypt. His most prominent work was 15 volumes in which he documented the state of Egypt from the late 18th century to the mid 19th century. He was born in Cairo even though his family was from the Levant countries.He graduated from the Khadawia school of law in 1908. He spent most of his life in Cairo but moved to Alexandria for high school.immediately after his graduation he practiced law for less than a month until Mohammad Farid 賲丨賲丿 賮乇賷丿 (a prominent lawyer and historian) asked him to become the editor of the Major General Al-San newspaper 亘噩乇賷丿丞 丕賱賱賵丕亍 賱爻丕賳 and this proved to be the first step in his life as a historian and a politician.