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兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓: 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱賳卮賵亍 賵丕賱丕乇鬲賯丕亍
廿匕丕 賯賱賳丕 廿賳 賰鬲丕亘 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵賷賳 "兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓" 賴賵 丕賱兀賰孬乇 廿孬丕乇丞 賱賱噩丿賱貙 賮廿賳 匕賱賰 賱賷爻 賮賷 爻賷丕賯 丕賱丿毓丕賷丞. 賮賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨丕囟乇 賮賷 賰賱 賳賯丕卮 丨賵賱 兀氐賱 兀賵 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱丨賷丕丞. 賵賱賷爻 兀丿賱 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 賲賲丕 丨孬賱 賲丐禺乇丕賸 賮賷 兀賲賷乇賰丕貙 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱兀毓馗賲 賵丕賱兀賰孬乇 賱賷亘乇丕賱賷丞貙 廿匕 兀毓賷丿 賮鬲丨 丕賱賳賯丕卮 丨賵賱 氐丨丞 兀賵 禺胤兀 鬲丿乇賷爻 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱賲丿丕乇爻貙 賵馗賴乇鬲 賵賲丐禺乇丕賸 毓丿丞 賰鬲亘 鬲賴丿賮 廿賱賶 丿丨囟 賳馗乇賷丞 丿丕乇賵賷賳貙 亘丿毓賲 賲賳 丕賱賲丨丕賮馗賷賳 丕賱噩丿丿 丕賱匕賷賳 兀夭毓噩鬲賴賲 賳馗乇賷丞 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賱鬲毓丕乇囟賴丕 賲毓 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺賱賯 賰賲丕 噩丕亍鬲 賮賷 丕賱毓賴丿 丕賱賯丿賷賲.
廿賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱匕賷 賷丿丕賮毓 毓賳 賳馗乇賷丞 鬲賯賵賱 廿賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 鬲胤賵乇 亘爻亘亘 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賴貙 賵鬲睾賷乇 丿賲丕睾賴 卮賰賱賴 賵噩爻丿賴貙 丨丕囟乇丞 賵氐丕乇鬲 噩夭亍丕賸 賲賳 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 賵鬲胤賵乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 乇睾賲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱賵丕爻毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賳鬲賴丕 賵賱丕 鬲夭丕賱貙 毓賱賷賴丕 賵噩賴丞 丕賱賳馗乇 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賶 兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 禺賱賯 賵爻賷亘賯賶 毓賱賶 賲丕 賴賵 毓賱賷賴 丕賱丌賳.
亘賲毓夭賱 毓賲丕 賳鬲賵氐賱 廿賱賷賴 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩貙 賮廿賳 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲孬賷乇丞貙 賵鬲賮鬲丨 兀賲丕賲 賯丕乇卅賴 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶.
廿賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱匕賷 賷丿丕賮毓 毓賳 賳馗乇賷丞 鬲賯賵賱 廿賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 鬲胤賵乇 亘爻亘亘 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賴貙 賵鬲睾賷乇 丿賲丕睾賴 卮賰賱賴 賵噩爻丿賴貙 丨丕囟乇丞 賵氐丕乇鬲 噩夭亍丕賸 賲賳 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 賵鬲胤賵乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 乇睾賲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱賵丕爻毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賳鬲賴丕 賵賱丕 鬲夭丕賱貙 毓賱賷賴丕 賵噩賴丞 丕賱賳馗乇 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賶 兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 禺賱賯 賵爻賷亘賯賶 毓賱賶 賲丕 賴賵 毓賱賷賴 丕賱丌賳.
亘賲毓夭賱 毓賲丕 賳鬲賵氐賱 廿賱賷賴 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩貙 賮廿賳 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲孬賷乇丞貙 賵鬲賮鬲丨 兀賲丕賲 賯丕乇卅賴 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶.
514 pages, Hardcover
First published November 24, 1859
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About the author
Charles Darwin
2,247听books3,275听followersCharles Robert Darwin of Britain revolutionized the study of biology with his theory, based on natural selection; his most famous works include
On the Origin of Species
(1859) and
The Descent of Man
(1871).
Chiefly Asa Gray of America advocated his theories.
Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).
Charles Robert Darwin, an eminent English collector and geologist, proposed and provided scientific evidence of common ancestors for all life over time through the process that he called. The scientific community and the public in his lifetime accepted the facts that occur and then in the 1930s widely came to see the primary explanation of the process that now forms modernity. In modified form, the foundational scientific discovery of Darwin provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life.
Darwin developed his interest in history and medicine at Edinburgh University and then theology at Cambridge. His five-year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist, whose observations and supported uniformitarian ideas of Charles Lyell, and publication of his journal made him as a popular author. Darwin collected wildlife and fossils on the voyage, but their geographical distribution puzzled him, who investigated the transmutation and conceived idea in 1838. He discussed his ideas but needed time for extensive research despite priority of geology. He wrote in 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay, which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication.
His book of 1859 commonly established the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human sexuality in Selection in Relation to Sex , and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals followed. A series of books published his research on plants, and he finally examined effect of earthworms on soil.
A state funeral recognized Darwin in recognition of preeminence and only four other non-royal personages of the United Kingdom of the 19th century; people buried his body in Westminster abbey, close to those of John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
Her fathered Francis Darwin, astronomer George Darwin, and politician, economist and eugenicist Leonard Darwin.
(Arabic: 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵賷賳)
Chiefly Asa Gray of America advocated his theories.
Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).
Charles Robert Darwin, an eminent English collector and geologist, proposed and provided scientific evidence of common ancestors for all life over time through the process that he called. The scientific community and the public in his lifetime accepted the facts that occur and then in the 1930s widely came to see the primary explanation of the process that now forms modernity. In modified form, the foundational scientific discovery of Darwin provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life.
Darwin developed his interest in history and medicine at Edinburgh University and then theology at Cambridge. His five-year voyage on the Beagle established him as a geologist, whose observations and supported uniformitarian ideas of Charles Lyell, and publication of his journal made him as a popular author. Darwin collected wildlife and fossils on the voyage, but their geographical distribution puzzled him, who investigated the transmutation and conceived idea in 1838. He discussed his ideas but needed time for extensive research despite priority of geology. He wrote in 1858, when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay, which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication.
His book of 1859 commonly established the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human sexuality in Selection in Relation to Sex , and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals followed. A series of books published his research on plants, and he finally examined effect of earthworms on soil.
A state funeral recognized Darwin in recognition of preeminence and only four other non-royal personages of the United Kingdom of the 19th century; people buried his body in Westminster abbey, close to those of John Herschel and Isaac Newton.
Her fathered Francis Darwin, astronomer George Darwin, and politician, economist and eugenicist Leonard Darwin.
(Arabic: 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵賷賳)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 3,346 reviews
September 14, 2007
such a freakin' genius! and the sadest part is, that his "science" literally killed him. if you've read a lot in Darwin (as I have) you come to understand that as a religious man, his studies seriously conflicted with his beliefs. I hate it when I hear someone say that Darwin says, "we come from monkeys." because that is not the case.
his theory is on EVOLUTION, not monkeys. all he wanted people to understand was adaptation and survival of the fittest is really a simple concept, and daily life- proves just that.
his theories don't have to impede on your beliefs in God. he was a Christian man, himself, but could still see the science before his very eyes. give it a shot if you are intrigued by species changing, growing, dying, extinction, over time...
his theory is on EVOLUTION, not monkeys. all he wanted people to understand was adaptation and survival of the fittest is really a simple concept, and daily life- proves just that.
his theories don't have to impede on your beliefs in God. he was a Christian man, himself, but could still see the science before his very eyes. give it a shot if you are intrigued by species changing, growing, dying, extinction, over time...
September 9, 2024
A founding text of the thought of humanity. What a pleasure to immerse yourself in the world of a nineteenth-century naturalist. We touch on daily life by consulting a mass of documents on the insects of Central Asia and the beetles of Paraguay, observing the life of an anthill for days and days every year. Argue in front of a wall of perplexed scholars or conquered on the natural selection and evolution of species and then scrolls in our mind a list of plants and animal species ranging from cabbage, holly, oak, and Sylvester pine to the silk, the wolf, the cock of heather and the alligator. Like many men of his time, Charles Darwin is an observer who enjoys trying to try the results, observing them, and analyzing them to conclusions. So it is returning, through his work's reading, to the scientific methodology that has imposed itself as a rule in the nineteenth century. His tremendous observation capacity points out phenomena that he can not explain by his theory of evolution but that will be known a few years later, thanks to the appearance of genetics.
August 18, 2021
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life = On Natural selection = Natural selection = The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin
The Origin of Species is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.
Charles Darwin popularized the term "Natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 讴卮賲讴卮 賵 賳亘乇丿 亘乇丕蹖 夭蹖爻鬲賳貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖禄貨 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘賯丕 丿乇 毓丕賱賲 胤亘蹖毓鬲貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖禄貨 芦丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 爻乇讴丕乇 禺丕賳賲 賲乇囟蹖賴 禺爻乇賵蹖禄貨 芦鬲讴丕賲賱禄貨 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓禄貨 芦賲賳卮丕 丕賳賵丕毓貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 賳鈥嵸堌必з勨€嵷屸€嵸嗏€� 賮鈥嵷辟団€嵺屸€嵷€嵷€嵸嚶回� 芦禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 诏賵賳賴 賴丕貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 賳鈥嵸堌必з勨€嵷屸€嵸嗏€� 賮鈥嵷辟団€嵺屸€嵷€嵷€嵸嚶回� 芦丕氐賱 丕賳賵丕毓禄貨 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲蹖賴丕 (丕亘賳 爻蹖賳丕貨 卮亘诏蹖乇貨 丕乇賵賲蹖賴 賳卮乇 丕賳夭賱蹖貙 賳诏丕乇爻鬲丕賳貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賳賵)貨 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱 1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 讴卮賲讴卮 賵 賳亘乇丿 亘乇丕蹖 夭蹖爻鬲賳貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貨 丕亘賳 爻蹖賳丕貙 1351貙 丿乇536氐貨 毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 鬲讴丕賲賱貨 亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓貨 賲賵囟賵毓 夭蹖爻鬲 卮賳丕爻蹖貙 鬲讴丕賲賱貙 賵 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖貨 爻丿賴 19賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 賲賳卮丕 丕賳賵丕毓貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貙 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賳賵乇丕賱丿蹖賳 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貨 卮亘诏蹖乇貙 1359貙 丿乇 618氐貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 丕乇賵賲蹖賴貙 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 丕賳夭賱蹖貙 1363貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳诏丕乇爻鬲丕賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 1380貙 卮丕亘讴 9644072677貨 丿乇 618氐貨 趩丕倬 丿賵賲 1389貨 卮丕亘讴 9786005541877貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貙 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲乇囟蹖賴 禺爻乇賵蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賳賵貙 1394貨 丿乇 77氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9786007339534貨
賳賵卮鬲丕乇蹖 倬蹖乇丕賲賵賳 芦丌睾丕夭 诏賵賳賴鈥� 賴丕 亘賵爻蹖賱賴 蹖 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖禄貙 蹖丕 芦賳诏賴丿丕乇蹖 賳跇丕丿賴丕蹖 丕氐賱丨 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘賯丕禄貨 賲賴賲鈥屫臂屬� 丕孬乇 芦趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄貙 丿丕賳卮賲賳丿 賵 夭蹖爻鬲鈥� 卮賳丕爻 丕賴賱 芦亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕禄 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇 丿乇 爻丕賱 1859賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿貨 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 賳馗乇丕鬲 賳賵蹖賳蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 芦賮乇诏卮鬲禄貙 芦倬蹖丿丕蹖卮 丨蹖丕鬲禄貙 賵 芦丕賳賯乇丕囟 丕賳賵丕毓 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲禄 亘蹖丕賳 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿貙 讴賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 禺賵丿 噩賳噩丕賱鈥屬囏й� 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 乇丕 爻亘亘 卮丿貨 倬跇賵賴卮鈥屬囏й� 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 亘賴 丌乇丕賲蹖 倬蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟佖� 丿乇 爻丕賱 1842賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貙 丕蹖卮丕賳 賳賵卮鬲丕乇蹖 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 禺賵蹖卮 亘賳诏丕卮鬲賳丿貙 賵 丿乇 爻丕賱 1844賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 乇爻丕賱賴鈥� 丕蹖 丿賵蹖爻鬲 賵 趩賴賱 氐賮丨賴鈥� 丕蹖貙 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 芦诏夭蹖賳卮 胤亘蹖毓蹖禄 賳诏丕卮鬲賳丿貨 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 倬丕賮卮丕乇蹖 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮貙 丕蹖卮丕賳 賴賲趩賳丕賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 丿蹖丿诏丕賴賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 丿賵 丿賱 亘賵丿賳丿貙 賵 賳鬲丕蹖噩 倬跇賵賴卮鈥屬囏й� 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 亘乇禺蹖 賴賲讴丕乇丕賳 賳夭丿蹖讴 禺賵蹖卮貙 賴賲趩賵賳 芦趩丕乇賱夭 賱丕蹖賱禄貙 賵 芦噩賵夭賮 丿丕賱鬲賵賳 賴賵讴乇禄貙 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж簇嗀� 丕賲丕 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 賳丕賲賴鈥� 丕蹖貙 丿乇 賲丕賴 跇賵卅賳 爻丕賱1858賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 乇丕 賵丕丿丕卮鬲貙 鬲丕 鬲乇丿蹖丿賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮鬲賳 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 亘诏匕丕乇賳丿貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 蹖 丌賳 賳丕賲賴貙 夭蹖爻鬲鈥屫促嗀ж� 噩賵丕賳蹖貙 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦丌賱賮乇丿 乇丕爻賱 賵丕賱丕爻禄 亘賵丿賳丿貙 讴賴 丿乇 芦亘賵乇賳卅賵禄 讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必嗀� 丕賵 賳蹖夭 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 芦賮乇诏卮鬲禄 亘賴 賴賲丕賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥� 賴丕蹖 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 乇爻蹖丿賴 亘賵丿貨 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 丿乇 丿賵 賴賮鬲賴貙 賳賵卮鬲丕乇蹖 賳诏丕卮鬲賳丿貙 賵 賴賲乇丕賴 亘丕 賳賵卮鬲丕乇 芦賵丕賱丕爻禄貙 亘賴 芦丕賳噩賲賳 毓賱賲蹖 賱蹖賳蹖丕賳禄 賮乇爻鬲丕丿賳丿貨 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮 鬲乇鬲蹖亘蹖 丿丕丿賳丿貙 讴賴 賴乇 丿賵 賳賵卮鬲丕乇 亘丕 賴賲 丕乇丕卅賴 卮賵賳丿貙 丕賲丕 賴賲乇丕賴 亘丕 賲丿丕乇讴蹖貙 讴賴 丨賯 鬲賯丿賲 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 乇丕 丕孬亘丕鬲 讴賳丿貨 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄貙 讴賴 丕乇丕丿賴鈥� 丕卮 亘乇 丕孬乇 丌诏丕賴蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 乇賯丕亘鬲貙 亘乇丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿貙 倬爻 丕夭 丕乇丕卅賴 蹖 賳賵卮鬲丕乇貙 丌睾丕夭 亘賴 賳诏丕乇卮 讴鬲丕亘蹖 讴乇丿賳丿貙 亘丕 毓賳賵丕賳 芦倬蹖乇丕賲賵賳 丌睾丕夭 诏賵賳賴鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 亘賯丕蹖 賳跇丕丿賴丕蹖 丕氐賱丨 丿乇 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘乇丕蹖 亘賯丕禄貨 丿乇 丌賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 爻倬爻 亘丕 毓賳賵丕賳 芦丌睾丕夭 诏賵賳賴鈥屬囏� 賳丕賲丿丕乇 卮丿貙 丕蹖卮丕賳 讴賵卮蹖丿賳丿貙 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 芦賮乇诏卮鬲禄 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 蹖 芦诏夭蹖賳卮 胤亘蹖毓蹖禄 乇丕 卮乇丨 丿賴賳丿貙 賵 賲丿丕乇讴 毓賱賲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丌賳 丕乇丕卅賴 賳賲丕蹖賳丿
讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 賮氐賱 诏乇丿丌賵乇蹖 卮丿賴鈥� 丕爻鬲貨 趩賴丕乇 賮氐賱 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 丕爻丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲貨 趩賴丕乇 賮氐賱 亘毓丿蹖 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏� 讴賴 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 倬蹖卮鈥� 亘蹖賳蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 亘賴 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 丕賵 賵丕乇丿 卮賵丿貨 爻賴 賮氐賱 亘毓丿蹖 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 卮賵丕賴丿 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫促嗀ж驰屫� 賵 倬乇丕讴賳丿诏蹖 诏蹖丕賴丕賳貙 賵 噩丕賳賵乇丕賳貙 賵 乇丿賴鈥� 亘賳丿蹖貙 賵 乇蹖禺鬲鈥� 卮賳丕爻蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏ж池� 丿乇 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 鬲賲丕賲 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丌賲丿賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 趩讴蹖丿賴 亘丕夭诏賵 卮丿賴鈥� 丕賳丿
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 07/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 26/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
The Origin of Species is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.
Charles Darwin popularized the term "Natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 讴卮賲讴卮 賵 賳亘乇丿 亘乇丕蹖 夭蹖爻鬲賳貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖禄貨 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘賯丕 丿乇 毓丕賱賲 胤亘蹖毓鬲貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖禄貨 芦丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 爻乇讴丕乇 禺丕賳賲 賲乇囟蹖賴 禺爻乇賵蹖禄貨 芦鬲讴丕賲賱禄貨 芦亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓禄貨 芦賲賳卮丕 丕賳賵丕毓貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 賳鈥嵸堌必з勨€嵷屸€嵸嗏€� 賮鈥嵷辟団€嵺屸€嵷€嵷€嵸嚶回� 芦禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 诏賵賳賴 賴丕貙 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 噩賳丕亘 賳鈥嵸堌必з勨€嵷屸€嵸嗏€� 賮鈥嵷辟団€嵺屸€嵷€嵷€嵸嚶回� 芦丕氐賱 丕賳賵丕毓禄貨 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲蹖賴丕 (丕亘賳 爻蹖賳丕貨 卮亘诏蹖乇貨 丕乇賵賲蹖賴 賳卮乇 丕賳夭賱蹖貙 賳诏丕乇爻鬲丕賳貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賳賵)貨 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱 1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓: 亘賴 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖 蹖丕 讴卮賲讴卮 賵 賳亘乇丿 亘乇丕蹖 夭蹖爻鬲賳貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 毓亘丕爻 卮賵賯蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貨 丕亘賳 爻蹖賳丕貙 1351貙 丿乇536氐貨 毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 鬲讴丕賲賱貨 亘賳蹖丕丿 丕賳賵丕毓貨 賲賵囟賵毓 夭蹖爻鬲 卮賳丕爻蹖貙 鬲讴丕賲賱貙 賵 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貙 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖貨 爻丿賴 19賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 賲賳卮丕 丕賳賵丕毓貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貙 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賳賵乇丕賱丿蹖賳 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貨 卮亘诏蹖乇貙 1359貙 丿乇 618氐貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 丕乇賵賲蹖賴貙 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 丕賳夭賱蹖貙 1363貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳诏丕乇爻鬲丕賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 1380貙 卮丕亘讴 9644072677貨 丿乇 618氐貨 趩丕倬 丿賵賲 1389貨 卮丕亘讴 9786005541877貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 胤亘蹖毓蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 趩丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵蹖賳貙 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲乇囟蹖賴 禺爻乇賵蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賳賵貙 1394貨 丿乇 77氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9786007339534貨
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讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 賮氐賱 诏乇丿丌賵乇蹖 卮丿賴鈥� 丕爻鬲貨 趩賴丕乇 賮氐賱 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 丕爻丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 丕爻鬲貨 趩賴丕乇 賮氐賱 亘毓丿蹖 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏� 讴賴 芦丿丕乇賵蹖賳禄 倬蹖卮鈥� 亘蹖賳蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 亘賴 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 丕賵 賵丕乇丿 卮賵丿貨 爻賴 賮氐賱 亘毓丿蹖 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 卮賵丕賴丿 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫促嗀ж驰屫� 賵 倬乇丕讴賳丿诏蹖 诏蹖丕賴丕賳貙 賵 噩丕賳賵乇丕賳貙 賵 乇丿賴鈥� 亘賳丿蹖貙 賵 乇蹖禺鬲鈥� 卮賳丕爻蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏ж池� 丿乇 賮氐賱 丌禺乇 鬲賲丕賲 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丌賲丿賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 趩讴蹖丿賴 亘丕夭诏賵 卮丿賴鈥� 丕賳丿
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 07/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 26/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
March 4, 2017
Charles Darwin changed the world when he wrote this book.
I mean if you think about it logically, no other book has had such a powerful impact on the way humanity views the earth; yes, we have countless religious doctrine, but never before had there been a book that so drastically alternated our perceptions of the mechanisms that are behind our existence. I鈥檓 not talking about on a spiritual level, a level of ideas that cannot be scientifically proven or unproven, but on an actual physical level.
These ideas weren鈥檛 accepted overnight, few things are, but over time they began to be more and more accepted. Even today we still refer to Darwin鈥檚 ideas as 鈥渢he theory of Evolution鈥� despite the fact that it is now empirically proven as to how we got where we are. It is, generally speaking, a culturally accepted idea. The fact that we still refer to something most accept to be fact as a theory is a phenomenon. It鈥檚 unusual.
Contrary to popular belief, Darwin did not seek to debunk any religious beliefs. In fact, the research he carried out put him in constant confusion about his own Christianity. For a time he believed religion and science could work together; he believed that science helped to explain some of the ideas in creation stories, but eventually he stopped believing. He lost his faith and embraced the logical mind of the scientist; again, he didn鈥檛 seek to counter religion. It was just a simple case that over time he could no longer personally and logically believe in it: it could not be proved rationally. As a student of literature, as a lover of stories, history, nature and narrative, I find myself drawn to ideas of religion and science. For anybody to call religion groundless (I say this from my own agnostically driven perspective) is to divulge a massive lack of judgment. Without wanting to offend any atheists, or anybody of faith, we will never know either way which is ultimately right. But, I do most ardently think that we can only begin to understand what it is to be human by reading and exploring the ideas of both religion and science. They have both been perpetuated by man, so I think we owe it to ourselves to try and understand why.
Some of you may have noticed how eclectic my reading tastes have become. I pretty much read anything. I have many reading lists-both shortlists and longlists- but four works I simply need to read in my lifetime are The Qur'an (I have a beautiful edition I picked up from a used book store- a late 19th Century edition), The King James Bible (I鈥檝e recently finished genesis), Relativity: The Special and the General Theory by Einstein and A Brief History of Time by Hawkins. The point is, I think in today鈥檚 world we need to understand both religion and science. Both parts form a larger part of our society.
Well, anyway, that was a rather large digression. I read the origin of species back in 2013 for the first time. My second reading was more of a gloss over of certain key ideas, and a revisit of passages that I flagged down before. The ideas in the book are obviously ground-breaking, though not the first historical example of them. But, for me, this book is more of a slog than leisure driven reading. The writing isn鈥檛 great and it is terribly repetitive at times, but I suppose that鈥檚 what comes with observing the natural world in such scientific detail. From the findings here Darwin would eventually go on to lay down his full arguments in The Decent of Man, a read that sounds more compelling and all encompassing. So it鈥檚 another one to add to my list!
I mean if you think about it logically, no other book has had such a powerful impact on the way humanity views the earth; yes, we have countless religious doctrine, but never before had there been a book that so drastically alternated our perceptions of the mechanisms that are behind our existence. I鈥檓 not talking about on a spiritual level, a level of ideas that cannot be scientifically proven or unproven, but on an actual physical level.
These ideas weren鈥檛 accepted overnight, few things are, but over time they began to be more and more accepted. Even today we still refer to Darwin鈥檚 ideas as 鈥渢he theory of Evolution鈥� despite the fact that it is now empirically proven as to how we got where we are. It is, generally speaking, a culturally accepted idea. The fact that we still refer to something most accept to be fact as a theory is a phenomenon. It鈥檚 unusual.
Contrary to popular belief, Darwin did not seek to debunk any religious beliefs. In fact, the research he carried out put him in constant confusion about his own Christianity. For a time he believed religion and science could work together; he believed that science helped to explain some of the ideas in creation stories, but eventually he stopped believing. He lost his faith and embraced the logical mind of the scientist; again, he didn鈥檛 seek to counter religion. It was just a simple case that over time he could no longer personally and logically believe in it: it could not be proved rationally. As a student of literature, as a lover of stories, history, nature and narrative, I find myself drawn to ideas of religion and science. For anybody to call religion groundless (I say this from my own agnostically driven perspective) is to divulge a massive lack of judgment. Without wanting to offend any atheists, or anybody of faith, we will never know either way which is ultimately right. But, I do most ardently think that we can only begin to understand what it is to be human by reading and exploring the ideas of both religion and science. They have both been perpetuated by man, so I think we owe it to ourselves to try and understand why.
Some of you may have noticed how eclectic my reading tastes have become. I pretty much read anything. I have many reading lists-both shortlists and longlists- but four works I simply need to read in my lifetime are The Qur'an (I have a beautiful edition I picked up from a used book store- a late 19th Century edition), The King James Bible (I鈥檝e recently finished genesis), Relativity: The Special and the General Theory by Einstein and A Brief History of Time by Hawkins. The point is, I think in today鈥檚 world we need to understand both religion and science. Both parts form a larger part of our society.
Well, anyway, that was a rather large digression. I read the origin of species back in 2013 for the first time. My second reading was more of a gloss over of certain key ideas, and a revisit of passages that I flagged down before. The ideas in the book are obviously ground-breaking, though not the first historical example of them. But, for me, this book is more of a slog than leisure driven reading. The writing isn鈥檛 great and it is terribly repetitive at times, but I suppose that鈥檚 what comes with observing the natural world in such scientific detail. From the findings here Darwin would eventually go on to lay down his full arguments in The Decent of Man, a read that sounds more compelling and all encompassing. So it鈥檚 another one to add to my list!
October 14, 2012
Dear Carol,
Thank you for your mail, and of course I remember meeting you on the flight last month! It was a very interesting discussion and I'm still thinking about it. The semester has now started here at Creationist U and I am working hard, but I found time to read the book you recommended. And I'm glad I did, because it was really a lot better than I thought it would be.
I guess I was expecting Darwin to be like Richard Dawkins, but he was respectful of religious ideas. And it was great that he liked Paley's Natural Theology so much... he says he almost knew it by heart! We read Paley last year in History of Creation Science, and I also thought it was a terrific book. So I could see Darwin was an open-minded person who was prepared to look at both sides of the question. Richard Dawkins could learn a lot from that!
The way he sets up his argument is smart. He starts off talking about how stockbreeders can improve their breed - well, I'm a country boy, and I could see he knew his stuff. This is someone who's spent time down at the farm and understands how country people feel about livestock. And I liked that he'd done all that work raising pigeons. Not the kind of scientist who just hangs out at the lab all day.
After that, he introduces his Big Idea about the survival of the fittest and he almost made evolution sound sensible. He's a good writer. And then he was honest when he explained all the problems with the theory. He really got me - I was wondering if he was going to mention any of that stuff, and a page later he came out and said just what I was thinking! Nice work, Mr. Darwin. But I did wonder what he was doing, cutting out the ground from under his own feet. He said he could explain things like the eye and how bees could evolve to make honeycombs, but even if he was real good at making his case, I wasn't buying any.
So by the halfway mark, I figured he was done, but like ol' Dubya used to say, I misunderestimated him - he'd saved all his best stuff for last. He had some good shots! I got to admit, he made me think. Why does God put the species that look alike in the same place? Like he says, it is weird how you have a mountain range, and there's one kind of animals and plants on one side, and a different kind on the other side. God's ways are inscrutable to us, but why does He care about those mountains? And the islands, they were even worse. He says if you look at the species on a lot of islands, you don't have any mammals there, except you do have bats. Why? I could see where he was going with this one - the bats could blow in off the mainland and evolve, but other mammals couldn't do that. I admit it, I don't have an answer, except maybe God's testing our faith again. But I can see not everyone will like that. I'm still wondering about those bats! Okay Mr. Darwin, I said it already but I'll say it again, you were a smart guy.
So how's life at MIT? And I hope you read the book I recommended to you. A Canticle for Leibowitz will show you that faith and science have more in common than you might think!
Take care,
Bob
Thank you for your mail, and of course I remember meeting you on the flight last month! It was a very interesting discussion and I'm still thinking about it. The semester has now started here at Creationist U and I am working hard, but I found time to read the book you recommended. And I'm glad I did, because it was really a lot better than I thought it would be.
I guess I was expecting Darwin to be like Richard Dawkins, but he was respectful of religious ideas. And it was great that he liked Paley's Natural Theology so much... he says he almost knew it by heart! We read Paley last year in History of Creation Science, and I also thought it was a terrific book. So I could see Darwin was an open-minded person who was prepared to look at both sides of the question. Richard Dawkins could learn a lot from that!
The way he sets up his argument is smart. He starts off talking about how stockbreeders can improve their breed - well, I'm a country boy, and I could see he knew his stuff. This is someone who's spent time down at the farm and understands how country people feel about livestock. And I liked that he'd done all that work raising pigeons. Not the kind of scientist who just hangs out at the lab all day.
After that, he introduces his Big Idea about the survival of the fittest and he almost made evolution sound sensible. He's a good writer. And then he was honest when he explained all the problems with the theory. He really got me - I was wondering if he was going to mention any of that stuff, and a page later he came out and said just what I was thinking! Nice work, Mr. Darwin. But I did wonder what he was doing, cutting out the ground from under his own feet. He said he could explain things like the eye and how bees could evolve to make honeycombs, but even if he was real good at making his case, I wasn't buying any.
So by the halfway mark, I figured he was done, but like ol' Dubya used to say, I misunderestimated him - he'd saved all his best stuff for last. He had some good shots! I got to admit, he made me think. Why does God put the species that look alike in the same place? Like he says, it is weird how you have a mountain range, and there's one kind of animals and plants on one side, and a different kind on the other side. God's ways are inscrutable to us, but why does He care about those mountains? And the islands, they were even worse. He says if you look at the species on a lot of islands, you don't have any mammals there, except you do have bats. Why? I could see where he was going with this one - the bats could blow in off the mainland and evolve, but other mammals couldn't do that. I admit it, I don't have an answer, except maybe God's testing our faith again. But I can see not everyone will like that. I'm still wondering about those bats! Okay Mr. Darwin, I said it already but I'll say it again, you were a smart guy.
So how's life at MIT? And I hope you read the book I recommended to you. A Canticle for Leibowitz will show you that faith and science have more in common than you might think!
Take care,
Bob
August 4, 2023
Very hard book for me to get through - not really my background. This book really opened my eyes to how balanced everything is; how each form of life on this planet has had to fight to survive. As man'kind' we have shown little kindness to others, animals or Mother Earth...time for us to evolve in our souls. David Case does a wonderful job as reader.
January 22, 2016
鈥淥ne general law, leading to the advancement of all organic beings, namely, multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die.鈥�
鈥� Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
It is amazing to think that this mild, scientific book published a little less than 155 years ago caused (and is still causing) such a complete storm. I'm surprised at how adapted we have become (or at least the segment of those people on the planet who don't reject Darwin's theory of natural selection as counter to their own idea of the way God makes and shakes) to Darwin's revolutionary idea(s).
Like with many of the pantheon of scientific geniuses (Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, etc) there was a bit of random chance involved. The ground was ready for Darwin's adapted seed. There were enough scholars and scientists and rationalists around to carry his idea(s) hither and his theory thither. So while this book, and Darwin himself, were both stellar examples of scientific restraint, the force and momentum of OftS can't be under appreciated. It was just the right time and right place for a scientific revolution. Darwin and his little book walked by a labour of scientific mouldywarps who happened to find themselves on the chalk cliffs of science, pushed those sterile hybrids off, and never looked back. Evolve bitches!
鈥� Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
It is amazing to think that this mild, scientific book published a little less than 155 years ago caused (and is still causing) such a complete storm. I'm surprised at how adapted we have become (or at least the segment of those people on the planet who don't reject Darwin's theory of natural selection as counter to their own idea of the way God makes and shakes) to Darwin's revolutionary idea(s).
Like with many of the pantheon of scientific geniuses (Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, etc) there was a bit of random chance involved. The ground was ready for Darwin's adapted seed. There were enough scholars and scientists and rationalists around to carry his idea(s) hither and his theory thither. So while this book, and Darwin himself, were both stellar examples of scientific restraint, the force and momentum of OftS can't be under appreciated. It was just the right time and right place for a scientific revolution. Darwin and his little book walked by a labour of scientific mouldywarps who happened to find themselves on the chalk cliffs of science, pushed those sterile hybrids off, and never looked back. Evolve bitches!
December 19, 2016
Ah, you can't really review a book like this. It's almost complete transcended its role as a seminal scientific tome and become a legitimate historic artefact. You can't review a historic artefact.
This is a fantastic read, even viewed in a completely different way to how it would have been read at the time. It really is amazing how much evolutionary biology Darwin was able to formulate almost a century before Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA. It boggles the mind what Darwin could have been capable of if he'd had access to the last 150 years of genetic research.
This is a fantastic read, even viewed in a completely different way to how it would have been read at the time. It really is amazing how much evolutionary biology Darwin was able to formulate almost a century before Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA. It boggles the mind what Darwin could have been capable of if he'd had access to the last 150 years of genetic research.
January 12, 2013
Edits for NR because I love him that much.
This:
"This preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection. Variations neither useful not injurious would not be affected by natural selection, and would be left a fluctuating element, as perhaps we see in the species called polymorphic.
"We shall best understand the probable course of natural selection by taking the case of a country undergoing some physical change, for instance, of climate. The proportional numbers of its inhabitants would almost immediately undergo a change, and some species might become extinct. We may conclude, from what we have seen of the intimate and complex manner in which the inhabitants of each country are bound together, that any change in the numerical proportions of some of the inhabitants, independently of the change of climate itself, would most seriously affect many of the others. If the country were open on its borders, new forms would certainly immigrate, and this also would seriously disturb the relations of some of the former inhabitants. Let it be remembered how powerful the influence of a single introduced tree or mammal has been shown to be. But in the case of an island, or of a country partly surrounded by barriers, into which new and better adapted forms could not freely enter, we should then have places in the economy of nature which would assuredly be better filled up, if some of the original inhabitants were in some manner modified; for, had the area been open immigration, these same places would have been seized on by intruders. In such case, ever slight modification, which in the course of ages chanced to arise, and which in any way favoured the individuals of any of the species, by better adapting them to their altered conditions, would tend to be preserved and natural selection would thus have free scope for the work of improvement.
"We have reason to believe, as stated in the first chapter, that a change in the conditions of life, by specially acting on the reproductive systems, cause or increases variability; and in the foregoing case the conditions of life are supposed to have undergone a changes, and this would manifestly be favourable to natural selection, by giving a better chance of profitable variations occurring; and unless profitable variations do occur, natural selection can do nothing." (I DIDN'T WRITE THIS. DARWIN DID IN THIS BOOK.)
Or .
This:
"This preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection. Variations neither useful not injurious would not be affected by natural selection, and would be left a fluctuating element, as perhaps we see in the species called polymorphic.
"We shall best understand the probable course of natural selection by taking the case of a country undergoing some physical change, for instance, of climate. The proportional numbers of its inhabitants would almost immediately undergo a change, and some species might become extinct. We may conclude, from what we have seen of the intimate and complex manner in which the inhabitants of each country are bound together, that any change in the numerical proportions of some of the inhabitants, independently of the change of climate itself, would most seriously affect many of the others. If the country were open on its borders, new forms would certainly immigrate, and this also would seriously disturb the relations of some of the former inhabitants. Let it be remembered how powerful the influence of a single introduced tree or mammal has been shown to be. But in the case of an island, or of a country partly surrounded by barriers, into which new and better adapted forms could not freely enter, we should then have places in the economy of nature which would assuredly be better filled up, if some of the original inhabitants were in some manner modified; for, had the area been open immigration, these same places would have been seized on by intruders. In such case, ever slight modification, which in the course of ages chanced to arise, and which in any way favoured the individuals of any of the species, by better adapting them to their altered conditions, would tend to be preserved and natural selection would thus have free scope for the work of improvement.
"We have reason to believe, as stated in the first chapter, that a change in the conditions of life, by specially acting on the reproductive systems, cause or increases variability; and in the foregoing case the conditions of life are supposed to have undergone a changes, and this would manifestly be favourable to natural selection, by giving a better chance of profitable variations occurring; and unless profitable variations do occur, natural selection can do nothing." (I DIDN'T WRITE THIS. DARWIN DID IN THIS BOOK.)
Or .
March 30, 2023
"We are the one creature to whom natural selection has bequeathed a brain complex enough to comprehend the laws that govern the universe. And we should be proud that we are the only species that has figured out how we came to be." ~Jerry A. Coyne, Ph.D., University of Chicago
On the Origin of Species is Darwin laying out his theory of natural selection in precise, laborious detail. He knew quite well many of the objections and arguments this supposition would invoke and he counters every anticipated antagonism with a barrage of evidence gained from detailed observation and/or astute experimentation.
The idea that plant and animal species evolved from common ancestry was an affront to 1859 sensibilities and the courage required to challenge widespread, ingrained superstition and misinformation must have been enormous. And yet, here it is. The imperfect but substantial cornerstone of biology, biochemistry, psychology, genetics, anthropology, neurology, primatology, embryology... the list is immense.
"Whoever is led to believe that species are mutable will do good service by conscientiously expressing his conviction; for only thus can the load of prejudice by which this subject is overwhelmed be removed." ~Charles Darwin, 1859
On the Origin of Species is Darwin laying out his theory of natural selection in precise, laborious detail. He knew quite well many of the objections and arguments this supposition would invoke and he counters every anticipated antagonism with a barrage of evidence gained from detailed observation and/or astute experimentation.
The idea that plant and animal species evolved from common ancestry was an affront to 1859 sensibilities and the courage required to challenge widespread, ingrained superstition and misinformation must have been enormous. And yet, here it is. The imperfect but substantial cornerstone of biology, biochemistry, psychology, genetics, anthropology, neurology, primatology, embryology... the list is immense.
"Whoever is led to believe that species are mutable will do good service by conscientiously expressing his conviction; for only thus can the load of prejudice by which this subject is overwhelmed be removed." ~Charles Darwin, 1859
February 11, 2011
I swear I cannot figure what all the fuss is about. This is a science book. It was sometimes a bit tough to read because of the depth into detail. If I were an anthropologist I'm sure I would more appreciate that detail, but as a layman it did at times seem too thick.
If I were lost in an uncivilized world and had only two books, I would want a Webster's dictionary and this Origin of Species. The dictionary to learn word definitions and this book to learn about the flora and fauna around me. For all those people who get upset because you think this book may contradict another one you are so fond of, just be very careful not to fall off the edge of the flat 6,ooo year old earth......mgc
If I were lost in an uncivilized world and had only two books, I would want a Webster's dictionary and this Origin of Species. The dictionary to learn word definitions and this book to learn about the flora and fauna around me. For all those people who get upset because you think this book may contradict another one you are so fond of, just be very careful not to fall off the edge of the flat 6,ooo year old earth......mgc
April 23, 2018
Too much to unpack here and not an easy read as it was written 150 years ago.
Despite all of the knocks against reading Origin for enjoyment, I can only express extreme awe and state the obvious - how much of a genius Darwin was.
From his theory of natural selection to glacier theory, to hybrid plants, to fossil theory and a dozen other biological and geological theories that he developed or contributed to, it is remarkable to me how very little Darwin got wrong in a book that was 600 pages long.
We live in a science based world, or at least we like to think so, and this man manages to remain so relevant. It is the scientific method at its best, one part rigorous logic, one part observation, and one part intuition. The recipe works.
Despite all of the knocks against reading Origin for enjoyment, I can only express extreme awe and state the obvious - how much of a genius Darwin was.
From his theory of natural selection to glacier theory, to hybrid plants, to fossil theory and a dozen other biological and geological theories that he developed or contributed to, it is remarkable to me how very little Darwin got wrong in a book that was 600 pages long.
We live in a science based world, or at least we like to think so, and this man manages to remain so relevant. It is the scientific method at its best, one part rigorous logic, one part observation, and one part intuition. The recipe works.
May 11, 2012
Decry or applaud it, there's no question this work has had a profound effect not just on science, but the culture at large. What I wouldn't read this book for is the science, or in an effort to either defend or refute the argument for evolution. The core of Darwin's argument certainly is still what was taught in my Catholic high school biology class (taught by a nun). In a nutshell, the theory is that given there are wide-ranging subtle Variations among organisms, the Malthusian Struggle for Existence causes by means of Natural Selection of the inheritable traits that are the best Adaptations to the environment the Origin of Species or as Darwin calls it, the "theory of descent with modification."
But, after all, this book is now over 150 years old. Science is about explaining natural phenomenon and correcting mistakes through observation, experimentation and falsification--not dogma--and so is always a moving target. I know that. But I still raised an eyebrow when in the first chapter of the book Darwin said he believed the "most frequent cause of variability" was caused by the experiences of the parents before conception--such as cows' udders being larger in countries where they're milked because the habit of milking by itself alters in the reproductive organs what is inherited by the next generation. WTF Darwin? When Darwin first propounded his theory of evolution (a word never used in the book by the way) through natural selection, Mendel had yet to discover the basic principles of genetics in his experiments with peas and Watson and Crick had yet to unravel the structure of DNA. Nor was continental drift known and understood, so there were notable gaps in Darwin's reasoning that has since been filled. Stephen Jay Gould, one of the staunchest defenders and popularizers of evolution is famous within science particularly for where he differs from Darwin. Darwin thought changes in species were very gradual. Gould favors "punctuated equilibrium" where there are rapid changes followed by long periods of stability. That's why scientists today talk of the "theory of evolution," not of "Darwinism" as if a scientific principle is an unchanging creed and Origin of Species scripture.
So, the book is dated and filled with lots of details I'm sure are just plain wrong and might be onerous to unlearn. That does make me reluctant to give this book top marks despite its profound impact. Someone interested in modern evolutionary science would be better off picking up a copy of a book by Jared Diamond, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan (although by now I suppose his very readable Dragons of Eden is dated) or Stephen Jay Gould. So, was there no value in reading On the Origin of Species? I wouldn't say that. It's surprisingly readable--or at least understandable. There are definitely dry passages that were a slog to get through, my eyes glazing over as Darwin gave example after exhaustive example to make his points. However, I couldn't help but be impressed by the knowledge of nature shown by his wide-ranging examples from every continent from ants and bees and algae to pigeons to zebras. Given the way he cited various authorities and spoke about his own experiments, I definitely felt that here was a master generalist and enthusiast on nature. Moreover Darwin does have a gift for metaphor and illustrative examples. I was particularly taken by his explanation of "inter-crossing" and the function of sex in creating biological diversity. I also was struck by how cautious and civil in tone Darwin is in his arguments, devoting an entire chapter on what he saw could be the flaws and holes in his theory--particularly the issues of transitions between species and intermediate forms. Bottom line? Arguably this specific book had as much influence on the literature and politics of the next century as Freud or Marx, so I think there is historical value in reading this, preferably in the first edition (which is what I read) that exploded upon the world in 1859.
But, after all, this book is now over 150 years old. Science is about explaining natural phenomenon and correcting mistakes through observation, experimentation and falsification--not dogma--and so is always a moving target. I know that. But I still raised an eyebrow when in the first chapter of the book Darwin said he believed the "most frequent cause of variability" was caused by the experiences of the parents before conception--such as cows' udders being larger in countries where they're milked because the habit of milking by itself alters in the reproductive organs what is inherited by the next generation. WTF Darwin? When Darwin first propounded his theory of evolution (a word never used in the book by the way) through natural selection, Mendel had yet to discover the basic principles of genetics in his experiments with peas and Watson and Crick had yet to unravel the structure of DNA. Nor was continental drift known and understood, so there were notable gaps in Darwin's reasoning that has since been filled. Stephen Jay Gould, one of the staunchest defenders and popularizers of evolution is famous within science particularly for where he differs from Darwin. Darwin thought changes in species were very gradual. Gould favors "punctuated equilibrium" where there are rapid changes followed by long periods of stability. That's why scientists today talk of the "theory of evolution," not of "Darwinism" as if a scientific principle is an unchanging creed and Origin of Species scripture.
So, the book is dated and filled with lots of details I'm sure are just plain wrong and might be onerous to unlearn. That does make me reluctant to give this book top marks despite its profound impact. Someone interested in modern evolutionary science would be better off picking up a copy of a book by Jared Diamond, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan (although by now I suppose his very readable Dragons of Eden is dated) or Stephen Jay Gould. So, was there no value in reading On the Origin of Species? I wouldn't say that. It's surprisingly readable--or at least understandable. There are definitely dry passages that were a slog to get through, my eyes glazing over as Darwin gave example after exhaustive example to make his points. However, I couldn't help but be impressed by the knowledge of nature shown by his wide-ranging examples from every continent from ants and bees and algae to pigeons to zebras. Given the way he cited various authorities and spoke about his own experiments, I definitely felt that here was a master generalist and enthusiast on nature. Moreover Darwin does have a gift for metaphor and illustrative examples. I was particularly taken by his explanation of "inter-crossing" and the function of sex in creating biological diversity. I also was struck by how cautious and civil in tone Darwin is in his arguments, devoting an entire chapter on what he saw could be the flaws and holes in his theory--particularly the issues of transitions between species and intermediate forms. Bottom line? Arguably this specific book had as much influence on the literature and politics of the next century as Freud or Marx, so I think there is historical value in reading this, preferably in the first edition (which is what I read) that exploded upon the world in 1859.
April 4, 2017
My book group selected this book for discussion probably because of the historic impact it has had on the field of science. However, I found it to be very worthy of respect from a literary viewpoint. Charles Darwin's writing comes across as a methodical thinker and patient explainer to many recalcitrant readers who are determined not to believe a word he says. He had me convinced after only a couple dozen pages, but he kept doing what seemed to me to be piling on observation after observation, explanation after explanation, until after a while I felt like crying out, "Enough already, I believe!"
Frankly, I was impressed by the breadth of knowledge about the natural world already accumulated by the middle of the 19th century as demonstrated by this book. There are obvious things poor old Darwin didn't know about, one of them being the laws of genealogy discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel. Mendel was a contemporary of Darwin, and I have heard that a published copy of Mendel's study was on Darwin's book shelves but it hadn't been opened or read. Of course Darwin wasn't the only person who ignored Mendel. Mendel's work wasn't appreciated for its contribution to understanding of inherited traits until after his death. Meanwhile Darwin is writing this book giving many observations regarding the variability of crossings of various plants and animals, but doesn't understand why.
Also, Darwin was plagued with physicists of the time who calculated that earth couldn't be as old as needed for Darwin's theory of natural selection to accomplish all the required changes. The physicists were basing their calculations of the rate cooling of the core of the earth. Of course they were wrong; what they didn't know about was radioactive decay which gives off heat they weren't making allowances for. It turns out the earth is even older than Darwin would have guessed.
And of course the really big advance of science that Darwin didn't know about was the DNA double helix. Darwin insists that life forms need to be classed according to genealogy, and he speculates that in the future scientists will be able to classify life forms more accurately as more knowledge is obtained about them. Darwin would be amazed to know how precisely genealogy can be determined these days. For example, it can be determined that humans are more closely related to fungi than to photosynthetic plants.
I listened to the audio version of this book. This is an example of a book that is much easier to listen to than to read because of all the big Latin words used in describing species. Having the words read aloud made them fit into the context of the sentence much better than if I were trying to read (and probably skip over) those unfamiliar words.
There were six editions of "Origin of Species" in Darwin's life time. It could be argued that the 1859 edition is the second best version of this book with the 1860 British edition being slightly better in that it contains some insignificant, but non-substantive, corrections. The editions of 1861, 1866, 1869, and 1872 are all inferior. In them Darwin made changes and expansions in an effort to meet the objections that arose during those times. The modifications expanded the book and clouded the argument. Since most of the objections that were raised would be regarded as silly today, Darwin's arguments against them are of interest for social history, but not for Darwin's theory. I think that most published copies today are based on the 1872 edition. If you have an earlier edition you will find that it is shorter and, as indicated above, is probably better.
The following quotation is from the sixth edition and not in the earlier editions. It is from a section of the book on instincts and follows a couple paragraphs discussing the habit of some birds to lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species. Mr. Darwin has just sighted some of the observations of the nesting habits of a type of cowbird [] written by a naturalist colleague.
Frankly, I was impressed by the breadth of knowledge about the natural world already accumulated by the middle of the 19th century as demonstrated by this book. There are obvious things poor old Darwin didn't know about, one of them being the laws of genealogy discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel. Mendel was a contemporary of Darwin, and I have heard that a published copy of Mendel's study was on Darwin's book shelves but it hadn't been opened or read. Of course Darwin wasn't the only person who ignored Mendel. Mendel's work wasn't appreciated for its contribution to understanding of inherited traits until after his death. Meanwhile Darwin is writing this book giving many observations regarding the variability of crossings of various plants and animals, but doesn't understand why.
Also, Darwin was plagued with physicists of the time who calculated that earth couldn't be as old as needed for Darwin's theory of natural selection to accomplish all the required changes. The physicists were basing their calculations of the rate cooling of the core of the earth. Of course they were wrong; what they didn't know about was radioactive decay which gives off heat they weren't making allowances for. It turns out the earth is even older than Darwin would have guessed.
And of course the really big advance of science that Darwin didn't know about was the DNA double helix. Darwin insists that life forms need to be classed according to genealogy, and he speculates that in the future scientists will be able to classify life forms more accurately as more knowledge is obtained about them. Darwin would be amazed to know how precisely genealogy can be determined these days. For example, it can be determined that humans are more closely related to fungi than to photosynthetic plants.
I listened to the audio version of this book. This is an example of a book that is much easier to listen to than to read because of all the big Latin words used in describing species. Having the words read aloud made them fit into the context of the sentence much better than if I were trying to read (and probably skip over) those unfamiliar words.
There were six editions of "Origin of Species" in Darwin's life time. It could be argued that the 1859 edition is the second best version of this book with the 1860 British edition being slightly better in that it contains some insignificant, but non-substantive, corrections. The editions of 1861, 1866, 1869, and 1872 are all inferior. In them Darwin made changes and expansions in an effort to meet the objections that arose during those times. The modifications expanded the book and clouded the argument. Since most of the objections that were raised would be regarded as silly today, Darwin's arguments against them are of interest for social history, but not for Darwin's theory. I think that most published copies today are based on the 1872 edition. If you have an earlier edition you will find that it is shorter and, as indicated above, is probably better.
The following quotation is from the sixth edition and not in the earlier editions. It is from a section of the book on instincts and follows a couple paragraphs discussing the habit of some birds to lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species. Mr. Darwin has just sighted some of the observations of the nesting habits of a type of cowbird [] written by a naturalist colleague.
"Mr. Hudson is a strong disbeliever in evolution, but he appears to have been much struck by the imperfect instincts of the Molothrus Bonariensis that he quotes my words and asks, 'must we consider these habits not as an especially endowed or created instincts but as small consequences of one general law, namely transitions?' "I take from the above that Darwin was enjoying the irony of a naturalist from the creationist camp finding it difficult to attribute to God the endowment of the slothful nest making habits to the cowbird. Since the behavior is repugnant it must have been caused by that old nasty evolution stuff (i.e. the work of the devil).
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August 16, 2018
"If, however, a caterpillar were taken out of a hammock made up, for instance, to the third stage, and were put into one finished up to the sixth stage, so that much of its work was already done for it, far from feeling the benefit of this, it was much embarrassed, and, in order to complete its hammock, seemed forced to start from the third stage."
On the Origin of Species is one of the most important books ever written. Although a lot of people-scientists, naturalists and the like-were coming to the same kind of conclusions, Darwin was one of the first who wrote it all down in a profound and concise manner and used his influence and friends to make it a well-known theory: the theory of evolution.
There is only one thing you need to know before you read this, and that is that Charles Darwin was a very religious man. This is a five-star worthy book, but my ignorance of this fact caused me to be so infuriated by the end that I couldn't bring myself to rate it higher. It is written exquisitely: if you've read anything particularly science-related in this day and age you will notice how science-related it is. The words, the terms, they're all very much science-related and it can be so difficult to really understand and comprehend what you're reading because it's almost in another language.
This is written very much in the way any Victorian novel would have been written. There is a smattering of Latin terms, but for the most part it is easy to understand if you get in the right frame of mind as you would a Classic. It can be heavy going, however, as the paragraphs are long and often repetitive, but his thoughts on pigeons are the most endearing things I've come across: this is Victorian science and it's all about pigeons.
To go back to why I only rated it three stars: throughout at no point did Darwin mention God or the creation of the world, except perhaps in very subtle reference and the theory of evolution and instinct reigns supreme, until the very end when he concludes that God did not create the world 1859 years, but millions of years ago, instead, and that all current flora and fauna are descended from the original God-created animals. I should have expected something like this but I did not and that annoyed me more than it should have. Of course, it makes the entire thing that much more impressive, though the horrific experience Darwin must have gone through as he tried to make a religious-belief co-live with a scientific frame of mind would have been supremely agonising. It's wholly my fault for this ignorance, but I still can't bring myself to heighten it.
It's still one of the most important books ever written and its legacy will never become diminished, but it is often repetitive and sometimes out-dated with quite a lengthy part about geology which is fairly unremarkable, but his amusing and enjoyable experiments with flowers and his views on pigeons are just a delight.
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On the Origin of Species is one of the most important books ever written. Although a lot of people-scientists, naturalists and the like-were coming to the same kind of conclusions, Darwin was one of the first who wrote it all down in a profound and concise manner and used his influence and friends to make it a well-known theory: the theory of evolution.
There is only one thing you need to know before you read this, and that is that Charles Darwin was a very religious man. This is a five-star worthy book, but my ignorance of this fact caused me to be so infuriated by the end that I couldn't bring myself to rate it higher. It is written exquisitely: if you've read anything particularly science-related in this day and age you will notice how science-related it is. The words, the terms, they're all very much science-related and it can be so difficult to really understand and comprehend what you're reading because it's almost in another language.
This is written very much in the way any Victorian novel would have been written. There is a smattering of Latin terms, but for the most part it is easy to understand if you get in the right frame of mind as you would a Classic. It can be heavy going, however, as the paragraphs are long and often repetitive, but his thoughts on pigeons are the most endearing things I've come across: this is Victorian science and it's all about pigeons.
To go back to why I only rated it three stars: throughout at no point did Darwin mention God or the creation of the world, except perhaps in very subtle reference and the theory of evolution and instinct reigns supreme, until the very end when he concludes that God did not create the world 1859 years, but millions of years ago, instead, and that all current flora and fauna are descended from the original God-created animals. I should have expected something like this but I did not and that annoyed me more than it should have. Of course, it makes the entire thing that much more impressive, though the horrific experience Darwin must have gone through as he tried to make a religious-belief co-live with a scientific frame of mind would have been supremely agonising. It's wholly my fault for this ignorance, but I still can't bring myself to heighten it.
It's still one of the most important books ever written and its legacy will never become diminished, but it is often repetitive and sometimes out-dated with quite a lengthy part about geology which is fairly unremarkable, but his amusing and enjoyable experiments with flowers and his views on pigeons are just a delight.
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June 11, 2020
Highly recommend for the evolution enthusiast. Charles Darwin is the prophet of the natural selection theory and the Godfather of the struggle for survival.
Darwin's work "On The Origin of Species" gives you a feel at times that you're reading something between a textbook and a book.
This book is a short summary of his Voyage and 15 years of studying and researching organisms prior to writing this book. On the other hand, Darwin gives us an extensive detailed elaboration of his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
I wish he could have wrote more with regards to the humankind Species, but it was a different time, and writing this book was probably risky in itself.
He was such a humble gentleman that he dedicated big portions of his book to the possible difficulties with his theory.
I've read the Serbo-Croatian translation Postanak Vrsta autora 膶arlsa Darvina / Akademska Knjiga 2009 6th Edition Publishing / 573 pages / 158,662 words.
Darwin's work "On The Origin of Species" gives you a feel at times that you're reading something between a textbook and a book.
This book is a short summary of his Voyage and 15 years of studying and researching organisms prior to writing this book. On the other hand, Darwin gives us an extensive detailed elaboration of his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.
I wish he could have wrote more with regards to the humankind Species, but it was a different time, and writing this book was probably risky in itself.
He was such a humble gentleman that he dedicated big portions of his book to the possible difficulties with his theory.
I've read the Serbo-Croatian translation Postanak Vrsta autora 膶arlsa Darvina / Akademska Knjiga 2009 6th Edition Publishing / 573 pages / 158,662 words.
February 19, 2014
I can now truly say that, having read the Origin of Species, I find the theory of evolution to be complete and utter hogwash. Darwin never truly gives an explanation for how microevolution can realistically extrapolated into macroevolution. Also, when he brings up objections against his theory, he gives an elaborate excuse for why he cannot prove his point rather than proving it. I am still a firm believer in Creation. It is a lot more logical than evolution.
February 22, 2020
Read a long time ago but wouldn't have been able to review it anyway. Some have done a great job I see. But not me, I don't have the words for this one and GR doesn't have enough stars.
June 8, 2016
賰孬賷乇 賲賲賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳賳賷 賵賷毓賱賲賵賳 亘丕胤賱丕毓賷 毓賱賶 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 爻賷爻鬲睾乇亘賵賳 兀賳 賴匕賴 賴賷 丕賱賲乇丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶 丕賱鬲賷 兀賯乇兀 賮賷賴丕 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賱賱毓丕賱賲 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵賳. 亘賱 廿賳 爻亘亘 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 廿亘丿丕亍 廿丨丿賶 丕賱氐丿賷賯丕鬲 丕爻鬲睾乇丕亘賴丕 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 亘丕賱匕丕鬲貙 賮賴賷 賲賲賳 賷氐乇 毓賱賶 兀賳賳丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 賳賯乇兀 賱賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 丕賱卮禺氐 匕丕鬲賴 亘丿賱 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賱賲丕 賰鬲亘 毓賳賴 賱鬲賰賵賷賳 氐賵乇丞 賲爻鬲賯賱丞 賵賲丨丕賷丿丞 毓賳賴 賵毓賳 兀賮賰丕乇賴. 賰丕賳 匕賱賰 賮賷 亘丿丕賷丞 卮賴乇 賲丕賷賵貙 賵賯乇乇賳丕 兀賳 賳亘丿兀 亘賯乇丕亍丞 噩賲丕毓賷丞 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱卮賴乇貙 賵丕賳囟賲 賱賳丕 賲丕 賷賯丕乇亘 丕賱毓卮乇丞 賲賳 賲噩賲賵毓丞 丕賱賯乇丌亍 丕賱亘丨乇賷賳賷賵賳.
賯賲鬲 亘賵囟毓 禺胤丞 賱賯乇丕亍丞 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丐乇禺 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 匕丕鬲賴 賱賰賷 兀毓賷卮 丕賱兀噩賵丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賵賯鬲 賳卮乇賴 賵丕爻鬲胤賷毓 賮賴賲賴 亘氐賵乇丞 兀賰亘乇貙 賮賴賵 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 亘丿乇噩丞 兀爻丕爻賷丞 賵毓賱賲賷 亘丿乇噩丞 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賮賯胤 賱兀賳賳賷 兀毓賱賲 兀亘乇夭 丕賱賳賯丕胤 賱鬲賷 賮賷賴 賲爻亘賯賸丕貙 賮毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱丕 賷賰丕丿賵賳 賷賳賮賰賵賳 毓賳 賲丿丨 丿丕乇賵賳 賵丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 賰鬲亘賴貙 亘賱 廿賳 乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 丿賵賰賳夭 賯丕賲 亘鬲乇鬲賷亘 賰鬲丕亘賴 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 亘賳賮爻 鬲乇鬲賷亘 賮氐賵賱 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 賵賰丕賳 賮賷 賲賯丿賲丞 賰賱 賮氐賱 丕賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 丿丕乇賵賳. 賰匕賱賰 賮廿賳 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賯丿 賲乇鬲 亘賲乇丕丨賱 鬲睾賷乇鬲 賵鬲胤賵乇鬲 賮賷賴丕 賵鬲賲 丿賲噩賴丕 賲毓 毓賱賵賲 兀禺乇賶 賵賯丿 匕賰乇鬲 匕賱賰 亘卮賷亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 賮賷 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賵賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 - .
賲賳 卮丿丞 卮賵賯賷 賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘丿兀鬲 賯亘賱 丕賱賲賵毓丿 丕賱賲鬲賮賯 毓賱賷賴 亘賷賵賲貙 賵丕賳賴賷鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 匕賵 丕賱爻亘毓 賲丕卅丞 氐丨賮丞 賮賷 禺賲爻丞 兀賷丕賲. 賴賵 賲賯丕乇亘 賱賲丕 丨丿孬 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳丿 賳卮乇賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 佟侉佶侃貙 賮賯丿 賳賮匕鬲 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賳爻禺 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賷賵賲! 亘毓丿 丕鬲賲丕賲賷 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賲毓鬲 廿賱賶 爻賱爻賱鬲賷 賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞貙 毓賱賲賷丞貙 賮賱爻賮賷丞 丨賵賱 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 鬲賲 禺賱丕賱賴賲丕 丕賱鬲胤乇賯 賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵丕丨丿賸丕 賵丕丨丿賸丕貙 賮夭丕丿 賴匕丕 賮賷 賮賴賲賷 賱賴 賵賯丿乇鬲賷 毓賱賶 丕賳鬲賯丕丿賴 亘卮賰賱 賲賵囟賵毓賷. 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓丞 賱賷爻鬲 鬲賱禺賷氐賸丕 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賱匕賱賰 廿匕丕 兀乇丿鬲 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱丨噩噩 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 賮毓賱賷賰 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴 亘賳賮爻賰.
賱賯丿 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 亘賱丕 卮賰 毓亘賯乇賷賸丕 賵賲鬲賵丕囟毓賸丕 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲. 廿賳 鬲賲賰賳賴 賲賳 賵囟毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賰賲 丕賱賴丕卅賱 賲賳 丕賱賲丨丕噩噩丕鬲 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 賱鬲兀賷賷丿 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 兀賲乇 毓馗賷賲 噩丿賸丕 賵鬲胤賱亘 賲賳賴 噩賴丿賸丕 賰亘賷乇賸丕 丕爻鬲禺丿賲 賮賷賴 賰賱 丕賱禺亘乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賰賵賳賴丕 禺賱丕賱 丨賷丕鬲賴 賰毓丕賱賲. 賱賯丿 賰丕賳 氐乇賷丨賸丕 賵氐丕丿賯賸丕貙 賱丿乇噩丞 兀賳賴 匕賰乇 賳賯丕胤 囟毓賮 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賮賷 匕丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賴賷 賳賯胤丞 賱丕賲賴 毓賱賷賴丕 亘毓囟 賲丐賷丿賷賴. 廿賳 賯丿乇鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丞 賵丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賯賵賷丞 噩丿賸丕貙 賵匕賱賰 賵丕囟丨 賱賰賱 賲賳 賯乇兀 賰鬲丕亘賴 丨賵賱 乇丨賱丞 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱. 賵賱賰賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 賱賷爻鬲 兀賮囟賱 氐賮丕鬲賴貙 賱匕賱賰 賮廿賳 賰鬲亘賸丕 兀禺乇賶 丨賵賱 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賲孬賱 賰鬲丕亘賷 丿賵賰賳夭 賵噩賷乇賷 賰賵賷賳 賱賷爻鬲 賮賯胤 兀賰孬乇 廿賲鬲丕毓賸丕貙 亘賱 鬲毓乇囟 丕賱丨噩噩 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 亘氐賵乇丞 兀賯賵賶 賵兀賵囟丨 賵兀爻賴賱 賱賱賮賴賲貙 賵匕賱賰 賷丐丿賷 賱丕賰鬲賲丕賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 亘胤乇賷賯丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 丕賱賯亘賵賱 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞.
兀毓賱賲 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 睾賷乇 毓丕丿賱丞 禺氐賵氐賸丕 賵兀賳賳丕 丕賱丌賳 亘毓丿 賯乇賳 賵賳氐賮 賲賳 賳卮乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賮賴賲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 亘卮賰賱 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷爻賴賱 鬲賯丿賷賲賴 亘氐賵乇丞 賵丕囟丨丞貙 賵賰匕賱賰 賱丿賷賳丕 毓丿丿 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賵兀賳賵丕毓 噩丿賷丿丞 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賷乇 賱賷爻 賮賯胤 賱賵賯賵毓賴 亘丕賱賮毓賱 -賵賴賷 丨賯賷賯丞 賱丕 賷禺鬲賱賮 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍- 亘賱 賱賱丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賮毓 賵鬲丐丿賷 賱賴匕丕 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賴賷 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱兀氐毓亘 賮賷 丕賱廿孬亘丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷鬲賲賰賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賲賳 丕賯賳丕毓 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 亘氐丨鬲賴丕 賮賷 毓氐乇賴貙 賵賱賲 賷丨丿孬 匕賱賰 廿賱丕 賮賷 孬賱丕孬賷賳丕鬲 賵兀乇亘毓賷賳丕鬲 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 毓賳丿賲丕 馗賴乇 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 丕賱鬲胤賵乇賷 丕賱丨丿賷孬.
賷亘丿兀 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 亘丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘兀賳 賴賳丕賰 毓丿丿賸丕 賲賳 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 爻亘賯賵賴 賮賷 賲賵囟賵毓 胤乇丨 賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賷賯賵賲 亘丕賳鬲賯丕丿 亘毓囟賴丕 亘氐賵乇丞 爻乇賷毓丞. 賲賳 孬賲 賷匕賰乇 亘卮賰賱 賲禺鬲氐乇 賯氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賰賷賮 兀賳賴 爻丕賮乇 毓賱賶 賲鬲賳 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 賱賲丿丞 禺賲爻 爻賳賵丕鬲 賯锟斤拷賱 兀賳 鬲亘丿兀 兀賵賱賶 賱亘賳丕鬲 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 鬲鬲賰賵賳 賮賷 毓賯賱賴. 賷丐賰丿 賴賳丕 毓賱賶 丨乇氐賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩賴 賵毓丿賲 丕賱鬲爻乇毓貙 賮賯丿 丕爻鬲睾乇賯賴 丕賱亘丨孬 爻亘毓 爻賳賷賳 賰鬲亘 賮賷 賳賴丕賷鬲賴丕 賲爻賵丿丞 賲賳 賲卅鬲賷 氐賮丨丞貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲 賷賰鬲賲賱 賵賱賲 賷乇 丕賱賳賵乇 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 廿丨丿賶 賵毓卮乇賷賳 爻賳丞 賲賳 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷睾賱貙 賰丕賳 毓賲乇 丿丕乇賵賷賳 丨賷賳賴丕 禺賲爻賷賳 爻賳丞 賵賰丕賳 毓丕賱賲賸丕 賲毓乇賵賮賸丕 賵賲丨鬲乇賲賸丕貙
賲爻丕乇 乇丨賱丞 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱
亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴 賲賳 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 毓賳丿賲丕 禺胤乇鬲 賱賴 賮賰乇丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱兀賵賱 賲乇丞
賵賴匕賴 賯亘賱 賳卮乇 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 亘賮鬲乇丞 賵噩賷夭丞
廿賳 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲乇丿丿 賰丕賳 賱爻亘亘賷賳貙 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 禺賵賮賴 賲賳 乇賮囟 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 賱賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賰賲丕 鬲賲 乇賮囟 賳馗乇賷丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賲卮丕亘賴丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賱匕賱賰 兀乇丕丿 賱賴丕 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賲鬲賷賳丞 賵賲丨賰賲丞 毓賱賲賷賸丕 賯丿乇 丕賱廿賲賰丕賳. 兀賲丕 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賮賴賵 禺賵賮賴 賲賳 丕賱鬲丿丕毓賷丕鬲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮丿丕乇賵賳 亘丿兀 賷賮賯丿 廿賷賲丕賳賴 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賲賳匕 氐毓賵丿賴 毓賱賶 馗賴乇 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷睾賱 廿賱賶 兀賳 賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲禺賱賷 丕賱鬲丕賲 毓賳賴貙 賵賱賰賳賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲賱丨丿賸丕 賯胤貙 亘賱 賰丕賳 賱丕 兀丿乇賷賸丕. 賱賴匕丕 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷禺卮賶 兀賳 賷丐丿賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 廿賱賶 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賳 丕賱丿賷賳 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 賴賵貙 賵賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷丐丿賷 賴匕丕 廿賱賷賴 賲賳 丕賳賴賷丕乇 賱賱賯賷賲 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 賵丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇 廿賱賶 毓丕賱賲 丕賱睾丕亘 丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丕賱賯賵丞 賴賷 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 賵丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨 賴賷 丕賱賯丕毓丿丞 丕賱賲爻賷胤乇丞. 賵賴賵 賷卮亘賴 賮賷 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賮賰賷乇賴 丕賱賮賷賱爻賵賮 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷 賮賵賱鬲賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賱: 廿匕丕 賱賲 賷賵噩丿 丕賱乇亘 賮毓賱賷賳丕 廿賷噩丕丿賴. 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賳爻賲賷賴貙 丕賱廿賷賲丕賳 亘丕賱廿賷賲丕賳.
毓賱賶 毓賰爻 賲丕 賷毓鬲賯丿賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇賵賳貙 賮廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賲賵囟賵毓 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘賱 鬲噩丕賴賱賴 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲毓賲丿 賵賵毓丿 賮賷 爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 亘廿賱賯丕亍 丕賱囟賵亍 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓. 賵賴賵 賲丕 賯丕賲 亘賴 亘毓丿 廿孬賳鬲賷 毓卮乇 爻賳丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丨丿賾乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳. 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 毓丿賲 丕賱鬲胤乇賯 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賲賳匕 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賴賵 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 廿孬丕乇丞 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱噩丿賱貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 賲丕 丨丿孬 亘丕賱囟亘胤貙 賵鬲乇賰夭 丨丿賷孬 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賱賶 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賰匕賱賰 丨鬲賶 丕賱賷賵賲貙 亘賱 廿賳 賴匕賴 賴賷 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賮毓 丕賱賰孬賷乇賷賳 賱乇賮囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞.
丕爻鬲禺丿賲 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵禺丕氐丞 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 亘賲丕 賮賷賴丕 賴匕賴 丕賱胤亘毓丞 賰賱賲丞 丕賱禺丕賱賯 毓丿丞 賲乇丕鬲貙 賵賷購毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 賴匕丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 爻賵賶 賱賲乇丕囟丕丞 夭賵噩鬲賴 丕賱賲丐賲賳丞貙 賮賯丿 賰鬲亘 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 廿丨丿賶 乇爻丕卅賱賴 兀賳賴 賱丕 賷毓鬲賯丿 亘丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賲賵噩賴 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱禺丕賱賯貙 賵鬲爻丕亍賱 毓賳 胤亘賷毓丞 賴匕丕 丕賱禺丕賱賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賰賳 賱賴 兀賳 賷爻鬲禺丿賲 丌賱賷丞 賯丕爻賷丞 賵賲丐賱賲丞 賵賲爻乇賮丞 賲孬賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 丕賱賱兀氐賱丨 賲賳 兀噩賱 鬲胤賵賷乇 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲貙 賮賷 廿卮丕乇丞 賲丨鬲賲賱丞 賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱卮乇.
賷氐賮 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 賴匕丕 亘丕賱賲禺鬲氐乇貙 賵睾賷乇 丕賱賲賰鬲賲賱貙 賵丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賶 兀禺胤丕亍 賵賰匕賱賰 賷賯賵賱 兀賳賴 賱賷爻 爻賵賶 賲丨丕噩噩丞 賵丕丨丿丞 胤賵賷賱丞. 賷匕賰乇 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳賴 丿賮毓 廿賱賶 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 亘卮賰賱 賲爻鬲毓噩賱 亘毓丿 賵氐賵賱 毓丕賱賲 丌禺乇 賴賵 兀賱賮乇賷丿 賵丕賱丕爻 廿賱賶 賳賮爻 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞. 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷丞 賲氐丕丿乇 兀賵 賴賵丕賲卮 賵匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘 丕爻鬲毓噩丕賱賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 賵賳卮乇賴. 賵賯丿 賯丕賲 兀丨丿 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 佗贍贍侃 亘賳卮乇 賳爻禺丞 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲毓 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 賵丕賱卮乇丨.
兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘爻賷胤 噩丿賸丕貙 賮賴賵 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賲賷 亘丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱鬲賯賳賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賮賴賲 丕賱賷賵賲貙 亘賱 賴賵 兀賯乇亘 廿賱賶 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賰鬲亘 賱賱毓賵丕賲貙 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 匕賱賰 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 丨賷賳賴丕 賰丕賳 賲卮賰賱賸丕 賲賳 賲夭賷噩 賲賳 丕賱賴賵丕丞 賵兀賳氐丕賮 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賵賰丕賳 毓丿丿 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賯胤 (亘丨賷孬 賷卮賰賱 賲丿禺賱 乇夭賯賴賲) 賯賱賷賱賸丕 賳爻亘賷賸丕貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賳賮爻賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲鬲禺氐氐賸丕 賰毓丕賱賲. 賱匕賱賰 賳乇丕賴 賷禺丕胤亘 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賷丨丕賵賱 丕賯賳丕毓賴 亘胤乇賷賯丞 亘爻賷胤丞貙 賵廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳 丕賱兀賲賵乇 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丞 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰. 賱賲 鬲賰賳 氐賵乇丞 丕賱睾賱丕賮 賲賱賵賳丞 兀賵 鬲丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賶 乇爻賲丕鬲貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 毓丕丿賷丞 噩丿賸丕貙 賵賱賲 賷丨賵賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 乇爻賲丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賵賴賷 賲禺胤胤 賱卮噩乇丞 丕賱丨賷丕丞. 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 賰賱 賮氐賱 賷賯賵賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘鬲賱禺賷氐 兀賴賲 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 胤乇丨賴丕 亘卮賰賱 亘爻賷胤 賵爻賴賱 丕賱賮賴賲.
噩夭亍 賲賳 丕賱乇爻賲丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓
賮賷 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱兀賵賱 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷丨丕賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賯賳丕毓賳丕 亘丌賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賱丕 兀毓賱賲 丨賯賷賯丞 賱賲丕匕丕 丕禺鬲丕乇 丕賱亘丿亍 亘賴匕丕 亘丿賱 丕賯賳丕毓賳丕 亘丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 兀賵賱賸丕 賵賲賳 孬賲 丕賱丿禺賵賱 賮賷 丌賱賷丕鬲賴. 乇亘賲丕 賷毓賵丿 丕賱爻亘亘 廿賱賶 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丕賱賵丕爻毓 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷貙 賮賰丕賳 賱丕 亘丿 賱賴 兀賳 賷賯丿賲 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賷賾夭 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 毓賳 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賲胤乇賵丨丞. 乇亘賲丕 賷賰賵賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 兀囟毓賮 噩夭亍 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙 賮亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕賱卮乇丨 丕賱賵丕賮賷 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯賷 賱丌賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賵賰賷賮賷丞 毓賱賲賴丕貙 亘賱 賵鬲爻賴賷賱 匕賱賰 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 賲賯丕乇賳鬲賴丕 賲毓 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱賳爻賱 (丕賱鬲丿噩賷賳 兀賵 賰賲丕 賳毓乇賮賴丕 丕賱賷賵賲 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷) 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯賵賲 亘賴丕 丕賱亘卮乇 毓賱賶 丕賱禺賷賵賱 賵丕賱賰賱丕亘 賵丕賱丨賲丕賲 賵睾賷乇賴丕貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷丨鬲賵賽 兀丿賱丞 賲丕丿賷丞 兀賵 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 兀賵 鬲噩丕乇亘 鬲丐賷丿賴 賵鬲丐賰丿 氐丨鬲賴貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賰丕賳 賷乇賶 賮賷 廿孬亘丕鬲 匕賱賰 氐毓賵亘丞 亘丕賱睾丞 丨賷孬 兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 爻賳賷賳 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿賸丕 鬲賮賵賯 丕賱毓賲乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷貙 兀賵 賴匕丕 賲丕 賰丕賳 賴賵 賵兀亘賳丕亍 夭賲丕賳賴 賷毓鬲賯丿賵賳賴.
賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱匕賷 鬲賱丕 丿丕賵乇賳 兀噩乇賷鬲 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓丿賷丿丞 鬲賲賰賳鬲 賲賳 乇氐丿 丨丿賵孬 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 亘賱 鬲賲 毓賲賱 鬲噩丕乇亘 兀賰丿鬲 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 兀賷囟賸丕貙 賵賯丿 丨丿孬鬲 亘爻乇毓丞 兀賰亘乇 賲賲丕 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷毓鬲賯丿賴 亘賰孬賷乇. 亘賱 廿賳 亘毓囟 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱亘賰鬲賷乇賷丕 鬲賯賵賲 亘鬲胤賵賷乇 賲賳丕毓丞 賱賱賲囟丕丿丕鬲 丕賱丨賷賵賷丞 禺賱丕賱 毓丕賲 賵丕丨丿 賮賯胤. 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 兀賯乇丐賴 丨丕賱賷賸丕 亘毓賳賵丕賳 賲賳賯丕乇 丕賱毓氐賮賵乇 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱兀卮賴乇 賵兀胤賵賱 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲賲鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賰賲丕 兀賳賴 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賵丕毓 (賳卮賵亍 兀賳賵丕毓 噩丿賷丿丞)貙 賵賴賵 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賱賲 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賴 丿丕乇賵賳 廿賱丕 賲乇賵乇賸丕 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賰賵賳 毓賳賵丕賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓. 乇亘賲丕 賱賵 兀爻賲丕賴 兀氐賱 丕賱鬲賰賷賮丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇賷丞 賱賰丕賳 匕賱賰 兀丿賯.
賷丨爻亘 賱丿丕乇賵賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴 丕賱氐乇賷丨 賲賳匕 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賰乇乇 亘噩賴賱賴 賱兀氐賱 丕賱鬲賳賵毓丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 賵賰匕賱賰 胤乇賷賯丞 賳賯賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱賵乇丕孬賷丞. 賵賷毓鬲匕乇 毓丿丞 賲乇丕鬲 毓賳 毓丿賲 賯丿乇鬲賴 賵囟毓 噩丿丕賵賱 鬲丿賱賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賰賱丕賲 丕賱匕賷 賷匕賰乇賴 賱兀賳 賲爻丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱丕 鬲鬲爻毓 賱匕賱賰貙 賵賱賰賳賴 賷匕賰乇 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 毓賱賶 賰賱 賲賵囟賵毓 賷胤乇丨賴 賵賴匕丕 賷丿賱 毓賱賶 丕胤賱丕毓賴 丕賱賵丕爻毓 噩丿賸丕. 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮 丿丕乇賵賳 亘毓丿賲 賲毓乇賮鬲賴 賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱賵乇丕孬賷丞貙 丨賷孬 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 賷毓乇賮賵賳 賲丕 賴賵 丕賱噩賷賳貙 賮廿賳賴 鬲亘賳賶 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賱 亘鬲賵乇賷孬 丕賱氐賮丕丞 丕賱賲賰鬲爻亘丞 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 亘丕賱賵乇丕孬丞 丕賱賱丕賲丕乇賰賷丞貙 賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲 噩賵賳 亘丕鬲賷爻鬲 賱丕賲丕乇丕賰貙 氐丕丨亘 兀賵賱 賳馗乇賷丞 鬲胤賵乇 賰丕賲賱丞.
賷鬲丨丿孬 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓賳 氐毓賵亘丞 丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲貙 賵賵噩賵丿 鬲卮賷賰賱丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿貙 亘賱 賵賵噩賵丿 賮乇賵賯 賮乇丿賷丞 亘賷賳 丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲 匕丕鬲賴丕貙 賵賰賷賮 兀丿賶 賴匕丕 廿賱賶 賵噩賵丿 丌乇丕亍 賲鬲囟丕乇亘丞 賱賱毓賱賲丕亍貙 賵賷爻賴亘 賮賷 匕賱賰 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷亍. 賷禺賱氐 廿賱賶 兀賳 鬲毓賷賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲 賱賷爻 爻賵賶 毓賱賲賷丞 鬲毓爻賮賷丞 賱丕 鬲禺囟毓 賱賯賵丕毓丿 孬丕亘鬲丞. 賵賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賲賳 賷毓賵丿 賱賳賮爻 丕賱賳賯胤丞 賵賷囟賷賮 兀賳 丕賱鬲夭丕賵噩 賵丕賱禺賱胤 亘賷賳 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賲賲賰賳 賵亘賷賳 亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱丌禺乇 睾賷乇 賲賲賰賳貙 賵兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻賱 賯丕丿乇賸丕 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賵兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 兀禺乇賶 賱丕 賷賰賵賳 匕賱賰. 賱賲 兀賮賴賲 爻亘亘 丕爻鬲睾乇丕賯賴 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賳賯胤丞 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賷 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘. 賮賷 毓氐乇賴 賰丕賳 丕賱禺賱賯賷賵賳 賷賯賵賱賵賳 亘兀賳 丕賱乇亘 賯丿 禺賱賯 賰賱 賳賵毓 亘卮賰賱 賲爻鬲賯賱 賵賲賳賮乇丿 賵兀賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲鬲丨賵賱 賲賳 賳賵毓 賱賳賵毓 丌禺乇貙 賵賯丿 賵囟毓 囟賵丕亘胤 賵賲賵丕賳毓 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲禺鬲賱胤 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 亘亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱亘毓囟 賵賴賷 毓丿賲 廿賲賰丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲夭丕賵噩 亘賷賳賴丕 兀賵 賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻賱 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲賰丕孬乇貙 賰丕賱亘睾賱 賲孬賱賸丕. 賮賴丿賮 丿丕乇賵賳 賴賳丕 賰丕賳 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賲丕賳毓 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 睾賷乇 賲賵噩賵丿 賮賷 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲貙 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲貙 賮賰賷賮 鬲賯賵賱賵賳 亘孬亘丕鬲 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓責
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 賵丕賱乇丕亘毓 賷卮乇丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賵賷亘賷賳 毓丿賲 廿賲丕賰賳賷丞 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 鬲賵賮賷乇 丨丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 禺氐賵氐賸丕 賵兀賳 賲毓丿賱 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賷夭丿丕丿 亘卮賰賱 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷丐丿賷 賱賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賷賴丕 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇. 賱丕 賷賯鬲氐乇 賴匕丕 丕賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮丨爻亘 亘賱 廿賳賴 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀卮丿 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賴賲 賮賷 匕丕鬲 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿. 廿賳 兀亘爻胤 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賯丿 鬲毓胤賷賴丕 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞貙 賱匕賱賰 賷賯賵賲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 亘鬲賮囟賷賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷丐丿賷 賱賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇貙 賵賴賵 亘匕賱賰 賷賮賵賯 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賯賵賲 亘賴 丕賱亘卮乇貙 賮賴賵 賷毓賲賱 賮賷 賰丕賮丞 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賵毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賵賲賳匕 賲賱丕賷賷賳 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱爻賳賷賳貙 賱匕賱賰 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷 賷丐丿賷 賱賱賳鬲丕卅噩 丕賱賲賱賲賵爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳乇丕賴丕貙 賮亘丕賱鬲兀賰賷丿 賮廿賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 兀賯丿乇 賲賳賴 亘賰孬賷乇. 廿賳 鬲乇丕賰賲 賴匕賴 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍丕鬲 毓亘乇 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賴賵 賲丕 賷禺賱賯 賱賳丕 兀賳賵丕毓賸丕 噩丿賷丿丞 (廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 賱丕 賷賮氐賱 賮賷 賰賷賮賷丞 丨丿賵孬 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇). 賷匕賰乇 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 亘胤賷卅丞 賵鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 爻賳賷賳 胤賵賷賱丞 亘丨爻丕亘 丕賱亘卮乇貙 賵賱賰賳賴丕 賱賷爻鬲 賰匕賱賰 亘丨爻丕亘 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丕賱噩賷賵賱賵賷噩賷丞. 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賴匕丕 賮廿賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 賱丕 鬲氐賱 廿賱賶 丨丿 丕賱賰賲丕賱 賮賷 丕賱鬲賰賷賾賮貙 亘賱 鬲馗賱 賳丕賯氐丞貙 賮賴賷 鬲爻賷乇 賮賷 丕鬲噩丕賴 丕賱鬲賰賷賮 亘卮賰賱 賲胤丕亘賯 兀賵 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 賵賱賷爻 賮賷 丕鬲噩丕賴 丕賱賰賲丕賱. 廿賳 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 賵丕賱丨賷丕丞 廿匕賸丕 賴賷 爻丕丨丞 丨乇亘 毓馗賲賶 亘賷賳 丕賱賲禺賱賵賯丕鬲 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賱丕 鬲賰賱 賵賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯賮.
賷亘丿賵 賱賷 兀賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷賵賮賯 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賰賱賲丞貙 賮賴賷 鬲爻亘亘 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 爻賵亍 丕賱賮賴賲 賱丿賶 丕賱毓丕賲丞貙 丨賷孬 賷毓鬲賯丿賵賳 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 噩賴丞 賲丕 (丕賱胤亘賷毓丞) 鬲賯賵賲 賵亘卮賰賱 賵丕毓賷 亘丕賱鬲賮囟賷賱 賵丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨. 賮賲丕 鬲毓賳賷賴 賴匕賴 丕賱毓亘丕乇丞 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賴賵 丕賱丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻丕賴賲 賮賷 丕禺鬲賷丕乇 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲賰丕孬乇賵賳. 賵賴賷 毓賱賲賷丞 毓賲賷丕亍貙 胤亘賷毓賷丞貙 睾賷乇 毓丕賯賱丞 賵睾賷乇 賴丿賮賷丞. 賵賯丿 卮亘賴 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 亘丕賱卮噩乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲賮乇毓 兀睾氐丕賳賴丕貙 賮賴賷 鬲鬲賮乇毓 賵鬲鬲卮毓亘 賵賱丕 鬲爻賷乇 賮賷 胤賵賷賱 賵丕丨丿 賲乇爻賵賲 賳丨賵 丕賱兀毓賱賶貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷乇賮囟 賵噩賵丿 鬲爻賱爻賱 賴乇賲賷 兀賵 鬲乇丕鬲亘賷丞 賱賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞. 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲毓丕乇 丿丕乇賵賳 毓亘丕乇丞 "丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨" 賲賳 賴乇亘乇鬲 爻亘賷賳爻乇 賵丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲亘丕丿賱 賲毓 毓亘丕乇丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賵賴匕賴 丕賱毓亘丕乇丞 兀賷囟賸丕 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳 丕賳鬲賯丕丿貙 賮賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 賷囟賷賮 賱賴丕 賰賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱貙 賱鬲氐亘丨 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賱賱兀氐賱丨.
亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賲丕 爻亘賯 賷賯賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷爻鬲亘賯賷 氐賮丕鬲 鬲賰賵賳 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賯胤 賵賮賯胤 賱賮丕卅丿丞 賰丕卅賳 丌禺乇 丿賵賳 兀賷丞 賮丕卅丿丞 鬲胤賵乇賷丞 賱賱賰丕卅賳 丕賱兀氐賱賷貙 賵賷匕賰乇 兀賳賴 亘丨孬 賮賷 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱丨賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賵賱賲 賷噩丿賴丕 賱丿賶 兀賷 賲賳賴丕. 亘賱 廿賳賴 賷胤乇丨 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賰賵爻賷賱丞 賱鬲賮賳賷丿 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 廿賳 兀賲賰賳 廿孬亘丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴丕 賮賷 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞. 賵賷胤乇丨 賰匕賱賰 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱噩賳爻賷 亘卮賰賱 賲禺鬲氐乇 賵賷匕賰乇 兀賳賴丕 兀賯賱 卮丿丞 賲賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 丨賷孬 兀賳賴丕 氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賮丨爻亘 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿貙 賵賱丕 鬲丐丿賷 亘丕賱禺丕爻乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賵鬲貙 賵賱賰賳 鬲賯賱賱 賲賳 賮乇氐 鬲賰丕孬乇賴 賵毓丿丿 賳爻賱賴. 賷匕賰乇 賰匕賱賰 丿賵乇 丕賱丕賳毓夭丕賱 賵丕賱丕賳賯乇丕囟 賮賷 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賷丨丕賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱兀氐賱 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賮賷 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賵賴賵 兀賲乇 囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰賷 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱毓賲賱. 賷賰乇乇 賴賳丕 丕賱丕卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕孬丞 丕賱賱丕賲丕乇賰賷丞 賵賷匕賰乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賲孬賱 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 賮賷 丕賱賴賷丕賰賱 丕賱鬲卮乇賷丨賷丞貙 丕賱锟斤拷胤賵乇 亘丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲 賲鬲賯丕乇亘丞 賱丿賶 亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲貙 賵賵噩賵丿 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱囟丕賲乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賮賰乇丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 鬲賮爻賷乇賴丕.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕丿爻 賷賯賵賲 亘匕賰乇 丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵丕噩賴 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇 賲毓 丕賱鬲毓丿賷賱 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 賵賴賵 丕賱廿爻賲 丕賱匕賷 丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賱廿卮丕乇丞 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇. 賵賱丕 丕毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 賰賱賲丞 鬲胤賵乇 賯丿 賵乇丿鬲 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 賲乇丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賮賷 丕賱禺丕鬲賲丞. 賷胤乇丨 丿丕乇賵賳 賴賳丕 賳賯丕胤賸丕 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賯丿 賮賰乇 賮賷賴丕 賵胤乇丨賴丕 亘賳賮爻賴 賵賲賳 孬賲 賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賷賴丕. 廿噩丕亘丕鬲賴 噩賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱毓賱賲 賵賮賾乇 廿噩丕亘丕鬲 鬲丕賲丞 賱睾丕賱亘賷丞 丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲貙 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱兀賲賵乇 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲夭丕賱 賮賷賴丕 賲卮丕賰賱 氐睾賷乇丞 賯丿 丨丿孬 賮賷賴丕 鬲賯丿賲 賰亘賷乇 噩丿賸丕 亘賲丕 賷噩毓賱賴丕 睾賷乇 賳丕賯囟丞 賱賱賳馗乇賷丞貙 亘賱 丨鬲賶 睾賷乇 賲賴丿丿丞 賱氐丨鬲賴丕 賵賯亘賵賱 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 亘賴丕.
丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 賴賷 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 丕賱兀丨賮賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 毓丿賲 賲毓乇賮鬲賳丕 賱兀氐賱 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 兀賵 賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賵乇丕孬丞貙 氐毓賵亘丞 鬲氐賵賾乇 兀賳 毓囟賵 賲毓賯賾丿 賵丿賯賷賯 賲孬賱 丕賱毓賷賳 賯丿 鬲胤賵乇. 賵賴匕賴 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 賴丿賮 賲賮囟賾賱 賱丿賶 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賷乇賵賳 毓丿賲 丕爻鬲胤丕毓丞 鬲賮爻賷乇 鬲胤賵乇 兀毓囟丕亍 賲毓賯丿丞 賲賳 兀毓囟丕亍 兀亘爻胤 賱兀賳 匕賱賰 爻賷禺賱 亘毓賲賱賴丕貙 賮賴賷 廿匕賸丕 賲毓賯丿丞 亘卮賰賱 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲亘爻賷胤 賰賲丕 毓亘乇 毓賳賴 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷 丕賱卮賴賷乇 賲丕賷賰賱 亘賷賴賷. 賱丕 丿丕毓賷 兀賳 兀賰乇乇 賲噩丿丿賸丕 兀賳 丕賱毓賱賲 丕賱丨丿賷孬 鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲爻亘賷胤賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇 亘賴丕 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲禺丿锟斤拷賴丕 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賵賳 賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賰 賮賷 氐丨鬲賴丕 賵賲賳 囟賲賳賴丕 丕賱毓賷賳 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賵賴匕賴 丕賱兀賲賵乇 鬲噩丿賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲賰乇乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓乇囟 兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵鬲乇丿 毓賱賶 丨噩噩 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賷賳. 鬲亘丿賵 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 賱兀賵賱 賵賴賱丞 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱乇丿 賵賱賰賳賷 氐丿賲鬲 賵兀毓噩亘鬲 亘丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 丕賱毓賱賲 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賱賷賴丕 亘賲丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賲賰鬲賲賱丞 賵賷丐賰丿 氐丨丞 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕亘毓 賷胤乇丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱睾乇丕卅夭 賵賰賷賮 鬲胤賵乇鬲. 賵賷禺鬲丕乇 賴賳丕 孬賱丕孬 睾乇丕卅夭 睾乇賷亘丞 賵賲毓賯丿丞 賵賴賷 胤丕卅乇 丕賱賰賵賰賵 丕賱卮賴賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷囟毓 亘賷囟賴 賮賷 兀毓卮丕卮 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱胤賷賵乇貙 賵丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿 兀丨丿 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱賳賲賱 賱賳賵毓 丌禺乇貙 賵丕賱賳丨賱 賵賯丿乇鬲賴 丕賱賮丕卅賯丞 毓賱賶 鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱禺賱賷丞. 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賲孬賷乇 賱兀賳賴 賷馗賴乇 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丿丕乇賵賳 鬲氐賵賾乇 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇鬲 亘賴丕 賴匕賴 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賱鬲胤賵賾乇 賴匕賴 丕賱睾乇丕卅夭. 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賮廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷賵賮賯 賰孬賷乇賸丕 賴賳丕貙 禺丕氐丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賲卮賰賱丞 賵噩賵丿 兀賮乇丕丿 睾賷乇 賯丕丿乇賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳噩丕亘 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賷囟丨賵賳 亘兀賳賮爻賴賲 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱禺賱賷丞. 丕毓鬲亘乇 丿丕乇賵賷賳 兀賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 兀賯賵賶 鬲丨丿賷 賱賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賵胤乇丨 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓賷 賰丨賱 賲丨鬲賲賱 賱賴. 賵賯丕賱 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 賴賷 囟乇亘丞 賯丕囟賷丞 賱賳馗乇賷丞 賱丕賲丕乇賰 賮賷 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱賵乇丕孬丞. 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 胤乇丨 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賴丕賲賷賱鬲賵賳 丨賱賸丕 賲賲賷夭賸丕 賱賴丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱賳馗乇 賱賱鬲胤賵乇 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丕賱噩賷賳 亘丿賱 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丕賱賮乇丿貙 賵賯丿 丕賳鬲卮乇鬲 兀賮賰丕乇賴 亘卮賰賱 賵丕爻毓 噩丿賸丕 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 賰鬲丕亘丞 丿賵賰賳夭 賱賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱兀賵賱 丕賱噩賷賳丞 丕賱兀賳丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮乇丨 賮賷賴 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 亘氐賵乇丞 兀丿亘賷丞 賵毓賱賲賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賵亘丕毓 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲賱賷賵賳 賳爻禺丞.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱賷賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 賵丕賱毓丕卮乇 賷乇丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賶 賲卮賰賱丞 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 兀丨丕賮賷乇 賲乇丨賱賷丞 兀賵 賲鬲賵爻胤丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 賲孬賱賸丕 亘賷賳 丕賱夭賵丕丨賮 賵丕賱兀爻賲丕賰 兀賵 亘賷賳 丕賱胤賷賵乇 賵丕賱夭賵丕丨賮. 賵賷乇賶 兀賳賴 亘賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱亘丨孬 賮賱丕 亘丿 兀賳 鬲馗賴乇 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨丕賮賷乇 丕賱賲乇丨賱賷丞 賵廿賳 亘兀毓丿丕丿 賯賱賷賱丞 賵賴賵 賲丕 丨丿孬 賮毓賱賸丕貙 賵賱毓賱 廿丨丿賶 兀卮賴乇賴丕 賴賷 兀丨賮賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷賰鬲丕賱賷賰 丕賱鬲賷 毓孬乇 賮乇賷賯 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賳賷賱 卮賵亘賳 毓賱賷賴丕 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 兀賱賮賷賳 賵兀乇亘毓丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賰賱 兀丨賮賵乇丞 賲乇丨賱賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀爻賲丕賰 賵丕賱夭賵丕丨賮. 賵賯丿 兀賱賮 卮賵亘賳 賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賳賵丕賳 爻賲賰鬲賰 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 匕賰乇 賮賷賴 賯氐丞 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賵兀賴賲賷鬲賴.
賳氐賱 兀禺賷乇賸丕 賱賱賮氐賱 丕賱丨丕丿賷 毓卮乇 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴 毓賳 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賱賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 (亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 賱賱丨賮乇賷丕鬲) 賴賵 丕賱匕賷 丿賮毓賴 賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丨爻亘 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷 賮廿賳賴 兀賯賵賶 丿賱賷賱 賷賯丿賲賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮賱賲丕匕丕 鬲賵噩丿 賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 鬲賲丕賲賸丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲乇丕賱賷丕 賵兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賵兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱噩賳賵亘賷丞 亘丕賱乇睾賲 兀賳賴丕 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賲賳丕禺 賵丕賱亘賷卅丞 賵毓賳丿 賳賯賱 廿丨丿丕賴丕 賲賳 賯丕乇丞 賱兀禺乇賶 賮廿賳賴丕 鬲鬲兀賯賱賲 亘卮賰賱 賲賲鬲丕夭 賲毓 丕賱亘賷卅丞貙 賮賱賲 賱賲 鬲賵噩丿 賮賷賴丕 廿匕賸丕責 廿賳 丕賱亘賷卅丞 賵丕賱賲賳丕禺 賱丕 賷賮爻乇丕賳 匕賱賰貙 賮賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 賮丕賱賲賳丕禺 賵丕賱亘賷卅丞 賲鬲胤丕亘賯丕賳 鬲賯乇賷亘賸丕貙 亘賷賳賲丕 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賴丕卅賱丞 噩丿賸丕. 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱禺丕氐 鬲賮爻賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓貙 賵賲丕 丕賱賯賵賱 "亘丨賰賲丞 丕賱禺丕賱賯" 兀賵 "胤乇賯賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞 賵丕賱睾乇賷亘丞" 廿賱丕 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱毓噩夭 賵毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 廿噩丕亘丞貙 兀賲丕 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賮鬲胤乇丨 丕賱賴噩乇丞 賵賲賳 孬賲 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱賰賱 賳賵毓 亘卮賰賱 賲賳賮氐賱 毓賳 丕賱丌禺乇 賰廿噩丕亘丞.
賱匕賱賰 賱丕 賳乇賶 丕賱孬丿賷丕鬲 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 丕賱噩夭乇 丕賱亘乇賰丕賳賷丞貙 賵賴匕丕 賱毓丿賲 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲賴丕 賯胤毓 賲爻丕賮丞 丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賴丕卅賱丞貙 賵賷爻鬲孬賳賶 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱禺賮丕卮 賱賯丿乇鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱胤賷乇丕賳 賮賵賯 丕賱賲丨賷胤. 賵賰匕賱賰 兀爻賲丕賰 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱毓匕亘丞 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 賮賷 丕賱噩夭乇 丕賱亘乇賰丕賳賷丞. 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 丕賱夭賵丕丨賮 賵丕賱亘乇賲丕卅賷丕鬲 賵丕賱胤賷賵乇 賵丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賱賴丕. 賵賯丿 兀噩乇賶 丿丕乇賵賳 賵毓賱賲丕亍 丌禺乇賵賳 毓丿丿賸丕 賲賳 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓賱賶 亘匕賵乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲 賱賱鬲兀賰丿 賲賳 賯丿乇鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賲賵 亘毓丿 兀賷丕賲 賲賳 爻亘丕丨鬲賴丕 賮賷 賲賷丕賴 丕賱賲丨賷胤 兀賵 賵噩賵丿賴丕 丿丕禺賱 賲毓丿丞 丕賱胤賷賵乇. 賱賵 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷毓賱賲 亘賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱夭丨賮 丕賱賯丕乇賷 賱賰丕賳鬲 兀丿賱鬲賴 賴賳丕 兀賯賵賶 賲賲丕 賴賷 毓賱賷賴貙 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 亘丿丕 賱賷 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲丕亘賴 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 賵賴匕丕 賵賰兀賳賴 賯丕亘 賯賵爻賷賳 兀賵 兀丿賳賶 賲賳 丕賰鬲卮丕賮賴丕貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷禺胤賵丕 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞貙 乇亘賲丕 亘爻亘亘 丕賳卮睾丕賱賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇.
鬲賵夭毓 丕賱丨賮乇賷丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丨丿賵孬 丕賱夭丨賮 丕賱賯丕乇賷
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賷爻鬲毓乇囟 亘卮賰賱 賲賵爻毓 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲卮乇賷丨賷丞 賵禺氐賵氐賸丕 丕賱鬲賳丕丿丿 亘賷賳 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 賵賴賵 丕賱鬲胤丕亘賯 賮賷 丕賱毓馗丕賲 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 賮賷 毓囟賵 賲丕貙 亘賱 賵賮賷 鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕鬲氐丕賱 丕賱毓馗丕賲 賲毓 亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱亘毓囟貙 賵賱賰賳 賲毓 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賵馗賷賮丞 丕賱毓囟賵貙 賮毓馗丕賲 丕賱賷丿 賱丿賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賴賷 賳賮爻 丕賱毓馗丕賲 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 乇噩賱 丕賱丨氐丕賳 賵噩賳丕丨 丕賱禺賮丕卮 賵夭毓賳賮丞 丕賱丨賵鬲貙 亘賱 兀賳賴丕 賲鬲氐賱丞 亘賳賮爻 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘. 賵賷爻鬲毓乇囟 賰匕賱賰 丕賱兀丿賱丞 賲賳 毓賱賲 丕賱兀噩賳丞貙 丨賷孬 賷賰賵賳 賴賳丕賰 卮亘賴 鬲胤丕亘賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲賯丕乇亘丞貙 賮賲孬賱賸丕 賷賳賲賵 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 匕賳亘 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賳賲賵 丕賱噩賳賷賳賷 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賷禺鬲賮賷貙 賵賰匕賱賰 賷賳賲賵 賱噩賳賷賳 丕賱丨賵鬲 胤乇賮丕賳 禺賱賮賷丕賳 爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賷囟賲乇丕賳. 廿賳 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賲賵乇 鬲卮賷乇 賱賵噩賵丿 爻賱賮 爻丕亘賯 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賵噩丿 亘賴 賴匕賴 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 亘卮賰賱 賲賰鬲賲賱貙 賵賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 鬲賮爻賷乇賴丕. 賵賷鬲胤乇賯 賲噩丿丿賸丕 賱賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱囟丕賲乇丞 賰噩賳丕丨 丕賱賳毓丕賲丞 賵毓馗丕賲 丨賵囟 丕賱兀賮毓賶.
丕賱鬲賳丕丿丿
馗賴賵乇 孬賲 囟賲賵乇 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱禺賱賮賷 賱噩賳賷賳 丕賱丿賱賮賷賳
毓馗丕賲 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱禺賱賮賷 兀氐亘丨 毓馗丕賲 囟丕賲乇丞 賱丿賶 丕賱丨賷鬲丕賳 亘賮毓賱 鬲胤賵乇賴丕 賲賳 丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 乇亘丕毓賷丞 丕賱兀乇噩賱
賵賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 毓卮乇 賵丕賱兀禺賷乇 賷賱禺賾氐 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賴賲 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱鬲賷 匕賰乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丨噩噩賴 賵丕囟丨丞 賵賷囟毓賴丕 賰賱賴丕 賲毓賴丕 賱鬲賰鬲賲賱 丕賱兀丨噩賷丞 賵鬲鬲囟丨 丕賱氐賵乇丞貙 賰丕賳 賴匕丕 兀賮囟賱 賮氐賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 禺丕氐丞 賲毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賱睾丞 丕賱卮毓乇賷丞 賮賷 禺丕鬲賲鬲賴貙 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賷丨亘 賯乇丕亍丞 兀卮毓丕乇 噩賵賳 賲賷賱鬲賵賳. 賷賲賰賳賳丕 丕賱賯賵賱 兀賳 丿丕乇賵賳 禺亘賾兀 兀賯賵賶 兀爻賱丨鬲賴 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞 賵賴賷 兀爻賱丨丞 賯賵賷丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞 賱丕 鬲賮爻乇賴丕 廿賱丕 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇. 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 兀毓胤賷鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 孬賱丕孬 賳噩賵賲 賮賯胤 賱兀賳賳賷 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賱賲賱賱 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 亘毓囟 丕賱賮氐賵賱貙 賮兀賳丕 兀毓賱賲 賲爻亘賯賸丕 睾丕賱亘賷丞 賲丕 爻賷賯賵賱賴 賵賰賷賮 爻賷爻鬲丿賱 毓賱賷賴 亘爻亘亘 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賰鬲亘 毓丿賷丿丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賱賰賳 亘毓丿 鬲兀賲賱賷 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰氐賵乇丞 賰賱賷丞 兀乇丕賴 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱兀乇亘毓 賳噩賵賲貙 賵賱丕 睾乇丕亘丞 賮賷 賯丿乇丞 丿丕乇賵賳 毓賱賶 廿賯賳丕毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 亘氐丨丞 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵胤乇丨 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賰廿丨丿賶 兀賴賲 丌賱賷丕鬲賴. 賱賵 賰丕賳 鬲賯賷賷賲賷 賴匕丕 賲亘賳賷賸丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮賱賳 賷賯賱 毓賳 丕賱禺賲爻 賳噩賵賲 賱賲丕 賱賴 賲賳 丿賵乇 賮賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷.
廿賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿賸丕 賵賷鬲胤乇賯 賱廿丨丿賶 兀賴賲 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 睾賷乇鬲 賮賴賲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賱賲賵賯毓賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰賵賳 賵賱匕賱賰 兀賳氐丨 賰賱 賲賳 賱賲 賷賯乇兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴貙 賵賲丕 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓丞 廿賱丕 睾賷囟 賲賳 賮賷囟. 賰匕賱賰 兀賳氐丨 賲賳 賯乇兀 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲胤乇賯 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賲賳 兀噩賱 賮賴賲 兀亘乇夭 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 胤乇兀鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱賲爻鬲丨丿孬丞. 賵亘丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿 兀賳氐丨 亘賴匕賷賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘賷賳: 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 丿賵賰賳夭 賵 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 噩賷乇賷 賰賵賷賳.
丕禺鬲賲 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 賴匕賴 亘賳賮爻 丕賱賮賯乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 禺鬲賲 亘賴丕 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲丨賯 賲賳賰 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 廿賳 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鬲鬲賯賳賴丕 賱鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 鬲匕賵賯 噩賲丕賱賴丕 賵乇賵毓鬲賴丕:
賯賲鬲 亘賵囟毓 禺胤丞 賱賯乇丕亍丞 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丐乇禺 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 匕丕鬲賴 賱賰賷 兀毓賷卮 丕賱兀噩賵丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賵賯鬲 賳卮乇賴 賵丕爻鬲胤賷毓 賮賴賲賴 亘氐賵乇丞 兀賰亘乇貙 賮賴賵 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 亘丿乇噩丞 兀爻丕爻賷丞 賵毓賱賲賷 亘丿乇噩丞 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賮賯胤 賱兀賳賳賷 兀毓賱賲 兀亘乇夭 丕賱賳賯丕胤 賱鬲賷 賮賷賴 賲爻亘賯賸丕貙 賮毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱丕 賷賰丕丿賵賳 賷賳賮賰賵賳 毓賳 賲丿丨 丿丕乇賵賳 賵丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 賰鬲亘賴貙 亘賱 廿賳 乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 丿賵賰賳夭 賯丕賲 亘鬲乇鬲賷亘 賰鬲丕亘賴 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 亘賳賮爻 鬲乇鬲賷亘 賮氐賵賱 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 賵賰丕賳 賮賷 賲賯丿賲丞 賰賱 賮氐賱 丕賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘 丿丕乇賵賳. 賰匕賱賰 賮廿賳 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賯丿 賲乇鬲 亘賲乇丕丨賱 鬲睾賷乇鬲 賵鬲胤賵乇鬲 賮賷賴丕 賵鬲賲 丿賲噩賴丕 賲毓 毓賱賵賲 兀禺乇賶 賵賯丿 匕賰乇鬲 匕賱賰 亘卮賷亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 賮賷 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賵賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 - .
賲賳 卮丿丞 卮賵賯賷 賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘丿兀鬲 賯亘賱 丕賱賲賵毓丿 丕賱賲鬲賮賯 毓賱賷賴 亘賷賵賲貙 賵丕賳賴賷鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 匕賵 丕賱爻亘毓 賲丕卅丞 氐丨賮丞 賮賷 禺賲爻丞 兀賷丕賲. 賴賵 賲賯丕乇亘 賱賲丕 丨丿孬 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳丿 賳卮乇賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 佟侉佶侃貙 賮賯丿 賳賮匕鬲 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賳爻禺 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賷賵賲! 亘毓丿 丕鬲賲丕賲賷 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲賲毓鬲 廿賱賶 爻賱爻賱鬲賷 賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞貙 毓賱賲賷丞貙 賮賱爻賮賷丞 丨賵賱 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 鬲賲 禺賱丕賱賴賲丕 丕賱鬲胤乇賯 賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵丕丨丿賸丕 賵丕丨丿賸丕貙 賮夭丕丿 賴匕丕 賮賷 賮賴賲賷 賱賴 賵賯丿乇鬲賷 毓賱賶 丕賳鬲賯丕丿賴 亘卮賰賱 賲賵囟賵毓賷. 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓丞 賱賷爻鬲 鬲賱禺賷氐賸丕 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賱匕賱賰 廿匕丕 兀乇丿鬲 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱丨噩噩 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 賮毓賱賷賰 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴 亘賳賮爻賰.
賱賯丿 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 亘賱丕 卮賰 毓亘賯乇賷賸丕 賵賲鬲賵丕囟毓賸丕 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲. 廿賳 鬲賲賰賳賴 賲賳 賵囟毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賰賲 丕賱賴丕卅賱 賲賳 丕賱賲丨丕噩噩丕鬲 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 賱鬲兀賷賷丿 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 兀賲乇 毓馗賷賲 噩丿賸丕 賵鬲胤賱亘 賲賳賴 噩賴丿賸丕 賰亘賷乇賸丕 丕爻鬲禺丿賲 賮賷賴 賰賱 丕賱禺亘乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賰賵賳賴丕 禺賱丕賱 丨賷丕鬲賴 賰毓丕賱賲. 賱賯丿 賰丕賳 氐乇賷丨賸丕 賵氐丕丿賯賸丕貙 賱丿乇噩丞 兀賳賴 匕賰乇 賳賯丕胤 囟毓賮 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賮賷 匕丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賴賷 賳賯胤丞 賱丕賲賴 毓賱賷賴丕 亘毓囟 賲丐賷丿賷賴. 廿賳 賯丿乇鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丞 賵丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賯賵賷丞 噩丿賸丕貙 賵匕賱賰 賵丕囟丨 賱賰賱 賲賳 賯乇兀 賰鬲丕亘賴 丨賵賱 乇丨賱丞 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱. 賵賱賰賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 賱賷爻鬲 兀賮囟賱 氐賮丕鬲賴貙 賱匕賱賰 賮廿賳 賰鬲亘賸丕 兀禺乇賶 丨賵賱 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賲孬賱 賰鬲丕亘賷 丿賵賰賳夭 賵噩賷乇賷 賰賵賷賳 賱賷爻鬲 賮賯胤 兀賰孬乇 廿賲鬲丕毓賸丕貙 亘賱 鬲毓乇囟 丕賱丨噩噩 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 亘氐賵乇丞 兀賯賵賶 賵兀賵囟丨 賵兀爻賴賱 賱賱賮賴賲貙 賵匕賱賰 賷丐丿賷 賱丕賰鬲賲丕賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 亘胤乇賷賯丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 丕賱賯亘賵賱 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞.
兀毓賱賲 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 睾賷乇 毓丕丿賱丞 禺氐賵氐賸丕 賵兀賳賳丕 丕賱丌賳 亘毓丿 賯乇賳 賵賳氐賮 賲賳 賳卮乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賮賴賲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 亘卮賰賱 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷爻賴賱 鬲賯丿賷賲賴 亘氐賵乇丞 賵丕囟丨丞貙 賵賰匕賱賰 賱丿賷賳丕 毓丿丿 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賵兀賳賵丕毓 噩丿賷丿丞 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賷乇 賱賷爻 賮賯胤 賱賵賯賵毓賴 亘丕賱賮毓賱 -賵賴賷 丨賯賷賯丞 賱丕 賷禺鬲賱賮 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍- 亘賱 賱賱丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賮毓 賵鬲丐丿賷 賱賴匕丕 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賴賷 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱兀氐毓亘 賮賷 丕賱廿孬亘丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷鬲賲賰賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賲賳 丕賯賳丕毓 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 亘氐丨鬲賴丕 賮賷 毓氐乇賴貙 賵賱賲 賷丨丿孬 匕賱賰 廿賱丕 賮賷 孬賱丕孬賷賳丕鬲 賵兀乇亘毓賷賳丕鬲 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 毓賳丿賲丕 馗賴乇 丕賱賳賲賵匕噩 丕賱鬲胤賵乇賷 丕賱丨丿賷孬.
賷亘丿兀 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 亘丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘兀賳 賴賳丕賰 毓丿丿賸丕 賲賳 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 爻亘賯賵賴 賮賷 賲賵囟賵毓 胤乇丨 賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賷賯賵賲 亘丕賳鬲賯丕丿 亘毓囟賴丕 亘氐賵乇丞 爻乇賷毓丞. 賲賳 孬賲 賷匕賰乇 亘卮賰賱 賲禺鬲氐乇 賯氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賰賷賮 兀賳賴 爻丕賮乇 毓賱賶 賲鬲賳 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 賱賲丿丞 禺賲爻 爻賳賵丕鬲 賯锟斤拷賱 兀賳 鬲亘丿兀 兀賵賱賶 賱亘賳丕鬲 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 鬲鬲賰賵賳 賮賷 毓賯賱賴. 賷丐賰丿 賴賳丕 毓賱賶 丨乇氐賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩賴 賵毓丿賲 丕賱鬲爻乇毓貙 賮賯丿 丕爻鬲睾乇賯賴 丕賱亘丨孬 爻亘毓 爻賳賷賳 賰鬲亘 賮賷 賳賴丕賷鬲賴丕 賲爻賵丿丞 賲賳 賲卅鬲賷 氐賮丨丞貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲 賷賰鬲賲賱 賵賱賲 賷乇 丕賱賳賵乇 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 廿丨丿賶 賵毓卮乇賷賳 爻賳丞 賲賳 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷睾賱貙 賰丕賳 毓賲乇 丿丕乇賵賷賳 丨賷賳賴丕 禺賲爻賷賳 爻賳丞 賵賰丕賳 毓丕賱賲賸丕 賲毓乇賵賮賸丕 賵賲丨鬲乇賲賸丕貙
賲爻丕乇 乇丨賱丞 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱
亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴 賲賳 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 毓賳丿賲丕 禺胤乇鬲 賱賴 賮賰乇丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱兀賵賱 賲乇丞
賵賴匕賴 賯亘賱 賳卮乇 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 亘賮鬲乇丞 賵噩賷夭丞
廿賳 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲乇丿丿 賰丕賳 賱爻亘亘賷賳貙 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 禺賵賮賴 賲賳 乇賮囟 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 賱賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賰賲丕 鬲賲 乇賮囟 賳馗乇賷丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賲卮丕亘賴丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賱匕賱賰 兀乇丕丿 賱賴丕 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賲鬲賷賳丞 賵賲丨賰賲丞 毓賱賲賷賸丕 賯丿乇 丕賱廿賲賰丕賳. 兀賲丕 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賮賴賵 禺賵賮賴 賲賳 丕賱鬲丿丕毓賷丕鬲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮丿丕乇賵賳 亘丿兀 賷賮賯丿 廿賷賲丕賳賴 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賲賳匕 氐毓賵丿賴 毓賱賶 馗賴乇 爻賮賷賳丞 丕賱亘賷睾賱 廿賱賶 兀賳 賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丕賱鬲禺賱賷 丕賱鬲丕賲 毓賳賴貙 賵賱賰賳賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲賱丨丿賸丕 賯胤貙 亘賱 賰丕賳 賱丕 兀丿乇賷賸丕. 賱賴匕丕 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷禺卮賶 兀賳 賷丐丿賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 廿賱賶 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賳 丕賱丿賷賳 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 賴賵貙 賵賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷丐丿賷 賴匕丕 廿賱賷賴 賲賳 丕賳賴賷丕乇 賱賱賯賷賲 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 賵丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇 廿賱賶 毓丕賱賲 丕賱睾丕亘 丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丕賱賯賵丞 賴賷 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 賵丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨 賴賷 丕賱賯丕毓丿丞 丕賱賲爻賷胤乇丞. 賵賴賵 賷卮亘賴 賮賷 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賮賰賷乇賴 丕賱賮賷賱爻賵賮 丕賱賮乇賳爻賷 賮賵賱鬲賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賱: 廿匕丕 賱賲 賷賵噩丿 丕賱乇亘 賮毓賱賷賳丕 廿賷噩丕丿賴. 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賳爻賲賷賴貙 丕賱廿賷賲丕賳 亘丕賱廿賷賲丕賳.
毓賱賶 毓賰爻 賲丕 賷毓鬲賯丿賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇賵賳貙 賮廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賲賵囟賵毓 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘賱 鬲噩丕賴賱賴 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲毓賲丿 賵賵毓丿 賮賷 爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 亘廿賱賯丕亍 丕賱囟賵亍 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓. 賵賴賵 賲丕 賯丕賲 亘賴 亘毓丿 廿孬賳鬲賷 毓卮乇 爻賳丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丨丿賾乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳. 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 毓丿賲 丕賱鬲胤乇賯 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賲賳匕 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賴賵 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 廿孬丕乇丞 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱噩丿賱貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 賲丕 丨丿孬 亘丕賱囟亘胤貙 賵鬲乇賰夭 丨丿賷孬 丕賱賳丕爻 毓賱賶 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賰匕賱賰 丨鬲賶 丕賱賷賵賲貙 亘賱 廿賳 賴匕賴 賴賷 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賮毓 丕賱賰孬賷乇賷賳 賱乇賮囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞.
丕爻鬲禺丿賲 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵禺丕氐丞 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 亘賲丕 賮賷賴丕 賴匕賴 丕賱胤亘毓丞 賰賱賲丞 丕賱禺丕賱賯 毓丿丞 賲乇丕鬲貙 賵賷購毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 賴匕丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 爻賵賶 賱賲乇丕囟丕丞 夭賵噩鬲賴 丕賱賲丐賲賳丞貙 賮賯丿 賰鬲亘 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 廿丨丿賶 乇爻丕卅賱賴 兀賳賴 賱丕 賷毓鬲賯丿 亘丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賲賵噩賴 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱禺丕賱賯貙 賵鬲爻丕亍賱 毓賳 胤亘賷毓丞 賴匕丕 丕賱禺丕賱賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賰賳 賱賴 兀賳 賷爻鬲禺丿賲 丌賱賷丞 賯丕爻賷丞 賵賲丐賱賲丞 賵賲爻乇賮丞 賲孬賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 丕賱賱兀氐賱丨 賲賳 兀噩賱 鬲胤賵賷乇 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲貙 賮賷 廿卮丕乇丞 賲丨鬲賲賱丞 賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱卮乇.
賷氐賮 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 賴匕丕 亘丕賱賲禺鬲氐乇貙 賵睾賷乇 丕賱賲賰鬲賲賱貙 賵丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賶 兀禺胤丕亍 賵賰匕賱賰 賷賯賵賱 兀賳賴 賱賷爻 爻賵賶 賲丨丕噩噩丞 賵丕丨丿丞 胤賵賷賱丞. 賷匕賰乇 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳賴 丿賮毓 廿賱賶 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 亘卮賰賱 賲爻鬲毓噩賱 亘毓丿 賵氐賵賱 毓丕賱賲 丌禺乇 賴賵 兀賱賮乇賷丿 賵丕賱丕爻 廿賱賶 賳賮爻 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞. 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷丞 賲氐丕丿乇 兀賵 賴賵丕賲卮 賵匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘 丕爻鬲毓噩丕賱賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 賵賳卮乇賴. 賵賯丿 賯丕賲 兀丨丿 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 佗贍贍侃 亘賳卮乇 賳爻禺丞 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲毓 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 賵丕賱卮乇丨.
兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘爻賷胤 噩丿賸丕貙 賮賴賵 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賲賷 亘丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱鬲賯賳賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賮賴賲 丕賱賷賵賲貙 亘賱 賴賵 兀賯乇亘 廿賱賶 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賰鬲亘 賱賱毓賵丕賲貙 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 匕賱賰 賴賵 兀賳 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 丨賷賳賴丕 賰丕賳 賲卮賰賱賸丕 賲賳 賲夭賷噩 賲賳 丕賱賴賵丕丞 賵兀賳氐丕賮 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賵賰丕賳 毓丿丿 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賯胤 (亘丨賷孬 賷卮賰賱 賲丿禺賱 乇夭賯賴賲) 賯賱賷賱賸丕 賳爻亘賷賸丕貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賳賮爻賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲鬲禺氐氐賸丕 賰毓丕賱賲. 賱匕賱賰 賳乇丕賴 賷禺丕胤亘 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賷丨丕賵賱 丕賯賳丕毓賴 亘胤乇賷賯丞 亘爻賷胤丞貙 賵廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳 丕賱兀賲賵乇 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丞 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰. 賱賲 鬲賰賳 氐賵乇丞 丕賱睾賱丕賮 賲賱賵賳丞 兀賵 鬲丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賶 乇爻賲丕鬲貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 毓丕丿賷丞 噩丿賸丕貙 賵賱賲 賷丨賵賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 乇爻賲丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賵賴賷 賲禺胤胤 賱卮噩乇丞 丕賱丨賷丕丞. 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 賰賱 賮氐賱 賷賯賵賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘鬲賱禺賷氐 兀賴賲 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 胤乇丨賴丕 亘卮賰賱 亘爻賷胤 賵爻賴賱 丕賱賮賴賲.
噩夭亍 賲賳 丕賱乇爻賲丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓
賮賷 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱兀賵賱 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷丨丕賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賯賳丕毓賳丕 亘丌賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賱丕 兀毓賱賲 丨賯賷賯丞 賱賲丕匕丕 丕禺鬲丕乇 丕賱亘丿亍 亘賴匕丕 亘丿賱 丕賯賳丕毓賳丕 亘丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 兀賵賱賸丕 賵賲賳 孬賲 丕賱丿禺賵賱 賮賷 丌賱賷丕鬲賴. 乇亘賲丕 賷毓賵丿 丕賱爻亘亘 廿賱賶 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丕賱賵丕爻毓 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷貙 賮賰丕賳 賱丕 亘丿 賱賴 兀賳 賷賯丿賲 丕賱丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賲賷賾夭 賳馗乇賷鬲賴 毓賳 亘丕賯賷 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱賲胤乇賵丨丞. 乇亘賲丕 賷賰賵賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 兀囟毓賮 噩夭亍 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙 賮亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕賱卮乇丨 丕賱賵丕賮賷 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯賷 賱丌賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賵賰賷賮賷丞 毓賱賲賴丕貙 亘賱 賵鬲爻賴賷賱 匕賱賰 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 賲賯丕乇賳鬲賴丕 賲毓 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱賳爻賱 (丕賱鬲丿噩賷賳 兀賵 賰賲丕 賳毓乇賮賴丕 丕賱賷賵賲 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷) 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯賵賲 亘賴丕 丕賱亘卮乇 毓賱賶 丕賱禺賷賵賱 賵丕賱賰賱丕亘 賵丕賱丨賲丕賲 賵睾賷乇賴丕貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷丨鬲賵賽 兀丿賱丞 賲丕丿賷丞 兀賵 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 兀賵 鬲噩丕乇亘 鬲丐賷丿賴 賵鬲丐賰丿 氐丨鬲賴貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賰丕賳 賷乇賶 賮賷 廿孬亘丕鬲 匕賱賰 氐毓賵亘丞 亘丕賱睾丞 丨賷孬 兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 爻賳賷賳 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿賸丕 鬲賮賵賯 丕賱毓賲乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷貙 兀賵 賴匕丕 賲丕 賰丕賳 賴賵 賵兀亘賳丕亍 夭賲丕賳賴 賷毓鬲賯丿賵賳賴.
賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱匕賷 鬲賱丕 丿丕賵乇賳 兀噩乇賷鬲 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓丿賷丿丞 鬲賲賰賳鬲 賲賳 乇氐丿 丨丿賵孬 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 亘賱 鬲賲 毓賲賱 鬲噩丕乇亘 兀賰丿鬲 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 兀賷囟賸丕貙 賵賯丿 丨丿孬鬲 亘爻乇毓丞 兀賰亘乇 賲賲丕 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷毓鬲賯丿賴 亘賰孬賷乇. 亘賱 廿賳 亘毓囟 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱亘賰鬲賷乇賷丕 鬲賯賵賲 亘鬲胤賵賷乇 賲賳丕毓丞 賱賱賲囟丕丿丕鬲 丕賱丨賷賵賷丞 禺賱丕賱 毓丕賲 賵丕丨丿 賮賯胤. 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 兀賯乇丐賴 丨丕賱賷賸丕 亘毓賳賵丕賳 賲賳賯丕乇 丕賱毓氐賮賵乇 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱兀卮賴乇 賵兀胤賵賱 丿乇丕爻丞 鬲賲鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賰賲丕 兀賳賴 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賵丕毓 (賳卮賵亍 兀賳賵丕毓 噩丿賷丿丞)貙 賵賴賵 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賱賲 賷鬲胤乇賯 賱賴 丿丕乇賵賳 廿賱丕 賲乇賵乇賸丕 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賰賵賳 毓賳賵丕賳 賰鬲丕亘賴 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓. 乇亘賲丕 賱賵 兀爻賲丕賴 兀氐賱 丕賱鬲賰賷賮丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤賵乇賷丞 賱賰丕賳 匕賱賰 兀丿賯.
賷丨爻亘 賱丿丕乇賵賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴 丕賱氐乇賷丨 賲賳匕 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賰乇乇 亘噩賴賱賴 賱兀氐賱 丕賱鬲賳賵毓丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 賵賰匕賱賰 胤乇賷賯丞 賳賯賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱賵乇丕孬賷丞. 賵賷毓鬲匕乇 毓丿丞 賲乇丕鬲 毓賳 毓丿賲 賯丿乇鬲賴 賵囟毓 噩丿丕賵賱 鬲丿賱賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賰賱丕賲 丕賱匕賷 賷匕賰乇賴 賱兀賳 賲爻丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱丕 鬲鬲爻毓 賱匕賱賰貙 賵賱賰賳賴 賷匕賰乇 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 毓賱賶 賰賱 賲賵囟賵毓 賷胤乇丨賴 賵賴匕丕 賷丿賱 毓賱賶 丕胤賱丕毓賴 丕賱賵丕爻毓 噩丿賸丕. 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕毓鬲乇丕賮 丿丕乇賵賳 亘毓丿賲 賲毓乇賮鬲賴 賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱賵乇丕孬賷丞貙 丨賷孬 賱賲 賷賰賵賳賵丕 賷毓乇賮賵賳 賲丕 賴賵 丕賱噩賷賳貙 賮廿賳賴 鬲亘賳賶 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賱 亘鬲賵乇賷孬 丕賱氐賮丕丞 丕賱賲賰鬲爻亘丞 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲 亘丕賱賵乇丕孬丞 丕賱賱丕賲丕乇賰賷丞貙 賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲 噩賵賳 亘丕鬲賷爻鬲 賱丕賲丕乇丕賰貙 氐丕丨亘 兀賵賱 賳馗乇賷丞 鬲胤賵乇 賰丕賲賱丞.
賷鬲丨丿孬 丿丕乇賵賳 賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓賳 氐毓賵亘丞 丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲貙 賵賵噩賵丿 鬲卮賷賰賱丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿貙 亘賱 賵賵噩賵丿 賮乇賵賯 賮乇丿賷丞 亘賷賳 丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲 匕丕鬲賴丕貙 賵賰賷賮 兀丿賶 賴匕丕 廿賱賶 賵噩賵丿 丌乇丕亍 賲鬲囟丕乇亘丞 賱賱毓賱賲丕亍貙 賵賷爻賴亘 賮賷 匕賱賰 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷亍. 賷禺賱氐 廿賱賶 兀賳 鬲毓賷賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賱丕鬲 賱賷爻 爻賵賶 毓賱賲賷丞 鬲毓爻賮賷丞 賱丕 鬲禺囟毓 賱賯賵丕毓丿 孬丕亘鬲丞. 賵賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賲賳 賷毓賵丿 賱賳賮爻 丕賱賳賯胤丞 賵賷囟賷賮 兀賳 丕賱鬲夭丕賵噩 賵丕賱禺賱胤 亘賷賳 亘毓囟 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 賲賲賰賳 賵亘賷賳 亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱丌禺乇 睾賷乇 賲賲賰賳貙 賵兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻賱 賯丕丿乇賸丕 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賵兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 兀禺乇賶 賱丕 賷賰賵賳 匕賱賰. 賱賲 兀賮賴賲 爻亘亘 丕爻鬲睾乇丕賯賴 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賳賯胤丞 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賷 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘. 賮賷 毓氐乇賴 賰丕賳 丕賱禺賱賯賷賵賳 賷賯賵賱賵賳 亘兀賳 丕賱乇亘 賯丿 禺賱賯 賰賱 賳賵毓 亘卮賰賱 賲爻鬲賯賱 賵賲賳賮乇丿 賵兀賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲鬲丨賵賱 賲賳 賳賵毓 賱賳賵毓 丌禺乇貙 賵賯丿 賵囟毓 囟賵丕亘胤 賵賲賵丕賳毓 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲禺鬲賱胤 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 亘亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱亘毓囟 賵賴賷 毓丿賲 廿賲賰丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲夭丕賵噩 亘賷賳賴丕 兀賵 賰賵賳 丕賱賳爻賱 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲賰丕孬乇貙 賰丕賱亘睾賱 賲孬賱賸丕. 賮賴丿賮 丿丕乇賵賳 賴賳丕 賰丕賳 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賲丕賳毓 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 睾賷乇 賲賵噩賵丿 賮賷 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲貙 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲貙 賮賰賷賮 鬲賯賵賱賵賳 亘孬亘丕鬲 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓責
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 賵丕賱乇丕亘毓 賷卮乇丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賵賷亘賷賳 毓丿賲 廿賲丕賰賳賷丞 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 鬲賵賮賷乇 丨丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 禺氐賵氐賸丕 賵兀賳 賲毓丿賱 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賷夭丿丕丿 亘卮賰賱 兀賰亘乇 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 賵賴賵 賲丕 賷丐丿賷 賱賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賷賴丕 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇. 賱丕 賷賯鬲氐乇 賴匕丕 丕賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賮丨爻亘 亘賱 廿賳賴 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀卮丿 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賴賲 賮賷 匕丕鬲 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿. 廿賳 兀亘爻胤 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賯丿 鬲毓胤賷賴丕 丕賱兀賮囟賱賷丞貙 賱匕賱賰 賷賯賵賲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 亘鬲賮囟賷賱 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷丐丿賷 賱賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇貙 賵賴賵 亘匕賱賰 賷賮賵賯 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷 丕賱匕賷 賷賯賵賲 亘賴 丕賱亘卮乇貙 賮賴賵 賷毓賲賱 賮賷 賰丕賮丞 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲 賵毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賵賲賳匕 賲賱丕賷賷賳 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱爻賳賷賳貙 賱匕賱賰 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱丕氐胤賳丕毓賷 賷丐丿賷 賱賱賳鬲丕卅噩 丕賱賲賱賲賵爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳乇丕賴丕貙 賮亘丕賱鬲兀賰賷丿 賮廿賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 兀賯丿乇 賲賳賴 亘賰孬賷乇. 廿賳 鬲乇丕賰賲 賴匕賴 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍丕鬲 毓亘乇 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賴賵 賲丕 賷禺賱賯 賱賳丕 兀賳賵丕毓賸丕 噩丿賷丿丞 (廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 賱丕 賷賮氐賱 賮賷 賰賷賮賷丞 丨丿賵孬 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇). 賷匕賰乇 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 亘胤賷卅丞 賵鬲爻鬲睾乇賯 爻賳賷賳 胤賵賷賱丞 亘丨爻丕亘 丕賱亘卮乇貙 賵賱賰賳賴丕 賱賷爻鬲 賰匕賱賰 亘丨爻丕亘 丕賱爻賳賷賳 丕賱噩賷賵賱賵賷噩賷丞. 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賴匕丕 賮廿賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 賱丕 鬲氐賱 廿賱賶 丨丿 丕賱賰賲丕賱 賮賷 丕賱鬲賰賷賾賮貙 亘賱 鬲馗賱 賳丕賯氐丞貙 賮賴賷 鬲爻賷乇 賮賷 丕鬲噩丕賴 丕賱鬲賰賷賮 亘卮賰賱 賲胤丕亘賯 兀賵 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 賵賱賷爻 賮賷 丕鬲噩丕賴 丕賱賰賲丕賱. 廿賳 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞 賵丕賱丨賷丕丞 廿匕賸丕 賴賷 爻丕丨丞 丨乇亘 毓馗賲賶 亘賷賳 丕賱賲禺賱賵賯丕鬲 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賱丕 鬲賰賱 賵賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯賮.
賷亘丿賵 賱賷 兀賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷賵賮賯 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賰賱賲丞貙 賮賴賷 鬲爻亘亘 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 爻賵亍 丕賱賮賴賲 賱丿賶 丕賱毓丕賲丞貙 丨賷孬 賷毓鬲賯丿賵賳 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 噩賴丞 賲丕 (丕賱胤亘賷毓丞) 鬲賯賵賲 賵亘卮賰賱 賵丕毓賷 亘丕賱鬲賮囟賷賱 賵丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨. 賮賲丕 鬲毓賳賷賴 賴匕賴 丕賱毓亘丕乇丞 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賴賵 丕賱丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻丕賴賲 賮賷 丕禺鬲賷丕乇 丕賱兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲賰丕孬乇賵賳. 賵賴賷 毓賱賲賷丞 毓賲賷丕亍貙 胤亘賷毓賷丞貙 睾賷乇 毓丕賯賱丞 賵睾賷乇 賴丿賮賷丞. 賵賯丿 卮亘賴 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 亘丕賱卮噩乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲賮乇毓 兀睾氐丕賳賴丕貙 賮賴賷 鬲鬲賮乇毓 賵鬲鬲卮毓亘 賵賱丕 鬲爻賷乇 賮賷 胤賵賷賱 賵丕丨丿 賲乇爻賵賲 賳丨賵 丕賱兀毓賱賶貙 亘賱 廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷乇賮囟 賵噩賵丿 鬲爻賱爻賱 賴乇賲賷 兀賵 鬲乇丕鬲亘賷丞 賱賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞. 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲毓丕乇 丿丕乇賵賳 毓亘丕乇丞 "丕賱亘賯丕亍 賱賱兀氐賱丨" 賲賳 賴乇亘乇鬲 爻亘賷賳爻乇 賵丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲亘丕丿賱 賲毓 毓亘丕乇丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷. 賵賴匕賴 丕賱毓亘丕乇丞 兀賷囟賸丕 賱丕 鬲禺賱賵 賲賳 丕賳鬲賯丕丿貙 賮賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 賷囟賷賮 賱賴丕 賰賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱貙 賱鬲氐亘丨 丕賱亘賯丕亍 賵丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賱賱兀氐賱丨.
亘賳丕亍賸 毓賱賶 賲丕 爻亘賯 賷賯賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷爻鬲亘賯賷 氐賮丕鬲 鬲賰賵賳 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賯胤 賵賮賯胤 賱賮丕卅丿丞 賰丕卅賳 丌禺乇 丿賵賳 兀賷丞 賮丕卅丿丞 鬲胤賵乇賷丞 賱賱賰丕卅賳 丕賱兀氐賱賷貙 賵賷匕賰乇 兀賳賴 亘丨孬 賮賷 賲禺鬲賱賮 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱丨賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賵賱賲 賷噩丿賴丕 賱丿賶 兀賷 賲賳賴丕. 亘賱 廿賳賴 賷胤乇丨 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賰賵爻賷賱丞 賱鬲賮賳賷丿 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 廿賳 兀賲賰賳 廿孬亘丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴丕 賮賷 丕賱胤亘賷毓丞. 賵賷胤乇丨 賰匕賱賰 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱噩賳爻賷 亘卮賰賱 賲禺鬲氐乇 賵賷匕賰乇 兀賳賴丕 兀賯賱 卮丿丞 賲賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 丨賷孬 兀賳賴丕 氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賰丕孬乇 賮丨爻亘 亘賷賳 兀賮乇丕丿 丕賱賳賵毓 丕賱賵丕丨丿貙 賵賱丕 鬲丐丿賷 亘丕賱禺丕爻乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賵鬲貙 賵賱賰賳 鬲賯賱賱 賲賳 賮乇氐 鬲賰丕孬乇賴 賵毓丿丿 賳爻賱賴. 賷匕賰乇 賰匕賱賰 丿賵乇 丕賱丕賳毓夭丕賱 賵丕賱丕賳賯乇丕囟 賮賷 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱禺丕賲爻 賷丨丕賵賱 丿丕乇賵賳 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱兀氐賱 丕賱丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賮賷 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賵賴賵 兀賲乇 囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰賷 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 丕賱毓賲賱. 賷賰乇乇 賴賳丕 丕賱丕卮丕乇丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕孬丞 丕賱賱丕賲丕乇賰賷丞 賵賷匕賰乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賲孬賱 丕賱鬲卮丕亘賴 賮賷 丕賱賴賷丕賰賱 丕賱鬲卮乇賷丨賷丞貙 丕賱锟斤拷胤賵乇 亘丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲 賲鬲賯丕乇亘丞 賱丿賶 亘毓囟 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲貙 賵賵噩賵丿 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱囟丕賲乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賮賰乇丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 鬲賮爻賷乇賴丕.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕丿爻 賷賯賵賲 亘匕賰乇 丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵丕噩賴 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇 賲毓 丕賱鬲毓丿賷賱 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 賵賴賵 丕賱廿爻賲 丕賱匕賷 丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賱廿卮丕乇丞 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇. 賵賱丕 丕毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 賰賱賲丞 鬲胤賵乇 賯丿 賵乇丿鬲 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 賲乇丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賮賷 丕賱禺丕鬲賲丞. 賷胤乇丨 丿丕乇賵賳 賴賳丕 賳賯丕胤賸丕 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賯丿 賮賰乇 賮賷賴丕 賵胤乇丨賴丕 亘賳賮爻賴 賵賲賳 孬賲 賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賷賴丕. 廿噩丕亘丕鬲賴 噩賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘貙 廿賱丕 兀賳 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱毓賱賲 賵賮賾乇 廿噩丕亘丕鬲 鬲丕賲丞 賱睾丕賱亘賷丞 丕賱氐毓賵亘丕鬲貙 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱兀賲賵乇 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲夭丕賱 賮賷賴丕 賲卮丕賰賱 氐睾賷乇丞 賯丿 丨丿孬 賮賷賴丕 鬲賯丿賲 賰亘賷乇 噩丿賸丕 亘賲丕 賷噩毓賱賴丕 睾賷乇 賳丕賯囟丞 賱賱賳馗乇賷丞貙 亘賱 丨鬲賶 睾賷乇 賲賴丿丿丞 賱氐丨鬲賴丕 賵賯亘賵賱 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 亘賴丕.
丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 賴賷 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 丕賱兀丨賮賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 毓丿賲 賲毓乇賮鬲賳丕 賱兀氐賱 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 丕賱氐賮丕鬲 兀賵 賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱賵乇丕孬丞貙 氐毓賵亘丞 鬲氐賵賾乇 兀賳 毓囟賵 賲毓賯賾丿 賵丿賯賷賯 賲孬賱 丕賱毓賷賳 賯丿 鬲胤賵乇. 賵賴匕賴 丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 賴丿賮 賲賮囟賾賱 賱丿賶 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賷乇賵賳 毓丿賲 丕爻鬲胤丕毓丞 鬲賮爻賷乇 鬲胤賵乇 兀毓囟丕亍 賲毓賯丿丞 賲賳 兀毓囟丕亍 兀亘爻胤 賱兀賳 匕賱賰 爻賷禺賱 亘毓賲賱賴丕貙 賮賴賷 廿匕賸丕 賲毓賯丿丞 亘卮賰賱 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲亘爻賷胤 賰賲丕 毓亘乇 毓賳賴 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷 丕賱卮賴賷乇 賲丕賷賰賱 亘賷賴賷. 賱丕 丿丕毓賷 兀賳 兀賰乇乇 賲噩丿丿賸丕 兀賳 丕賱毓賱賲 丕賱丨丿賷孬 鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲爻亘賷胤賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇 亘賴丕 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲禺丿锟斤拷賴丕 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賵賳 賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賵丕賱鬲卮賰賷賰 賮賷 氐丨鬲賴丕 賵賲賳 囟賲賳賴丕 丕賱毓賷賳 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賵賴匕賴 丕賱兀賲賵乇 鬲噩丿賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲賰乇乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓乇囟 兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵鬲乇丿 毓賱賶 丨噩噩 丕賱禺賱賯賵賷賷賳. 鬲亘丿賵 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 賱兀賵賱 賵賴賱丞 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱乇丿 賵賱賰賳賷 氐丿賲鬲 賵兀毓噩亘鬲 亘丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 丕賱毓賱賲 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賱賷賴丕 亘賲丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賲賰鬲賲賱丞 賵賷丐賰丿 氐丨丞 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕亘毓 賷胤乇丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱睾乇丕卅夭 賵賰賷賮 鬲胤賵乇鬲. 賵賷禺鬲丕乇 賴賳丕 孬賱丕孬 睾乇丕卅夭 睾乇賷亘丞 賵賲毓賯丿丞 賵賴賷 胤丕卅乇 丕賱賰賵賰賵 丕賱卮賴賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷囟毓 亘賷囟賴 賮賷 兀毓卮丕卮 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱胤賷賵乇貙 賵丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿 兀丨丿 兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱賳賲賱 賱賳賵毓 丌禺乇貙 賵丕賱賳丨賱 賵賯丿乇鬲賴 丕賱賮丕卅賯丞 毓賱賶 鬲賳馗賷賲 丕賱禺賱賷丞. 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賲孬賷乇 賱兀賳賴 賷馗賴乇 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丿丕乇賵賳 鬲氐賵賾乇 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇鬲 亘賴丕 賴匕賴 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賱鬲胤賵賾乇 賴匕賴 丕賱睾乇丕卅夭. 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賮廿賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賲 賷賵賮賯 賰孬賷乇賸丕 賴賳丕貙 禺丕氐丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賲卮賰賱丞 賵噩賵丿 兀賮乇丕丿 睾賷乇 賯丕丿乇賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳噩丕亘 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賷囟丨賵賳 亘兀賳賮爻賴賲 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱禺賱賷丞. 丕毓鬲亘乇 丿丕乇賵賷賳 兀賳 賴匕丕 賴賵 兀賯賵賶 鬲丨丿賷 賱賳馗乇賷鬲賴 賵胤乇丨 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱噩賲丕毓賷 賰丨賱 賲丨鬲賲賱 賱賴. 賵賯丕賱 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 賴賷 囟乇亘丞 賯丕囟賷丞 賱賳馗乇賷丞 賱丕賲丕乇賰 賮賷 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丕賱賵乇丕孬丞. 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 胤乇丨 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賴丕賲賷賱鬲賵賳 丨賱賸丕 賲賲賷夭賸丕 賱賴丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱賳馗乇 賱賱鬲胤賵乇 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丕賱噩賷賳 亘丿賱 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丕賱賮乇丿貙 賵賯丿 丕賳鬲卮乇鬲 兀賮賰丕乇賴 亘卮賰賱 賵丕爻毓 噩丿賸丕 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 賰鬲丕亘丞 丿賵賰賳夭 賱賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱兀賵賱 丕賱噩賷賳丞 丕賱兀賳丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮乇丨 賮賷賴 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 亘氐賵乇丞 兀丿亘賷丞 賵毓賱賲賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賵亘丕毓 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲賱賷賵賳 賳爻禺丞.
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱賷賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 賵丕賱毓丕卮乇 賷乇丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賱賶 賲卮賰賱丞 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 兀丨丕賮賷乇 賲乇丨賱賷丞 兀賵 賲鬲賵爻胤丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓貙 賲孬賱賸丕 亘賷賳 丕賱夭賵丕丨賮 賵丕賱兀爻賲丕賰 兀賵 亘賷賳 丕賱胤賷賵乇 賵丕賱夭賵丕丨賮. 賵賷乇賶 兀賳賴 亘賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱亘丨孬 賮賱丕 亘丿 兀賳 鬲馗賴乇 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨丕賮賷乇 丕賱賲乇丨賱賷丞 賵廿賳 亘兀毓丿丕丿 賯賱賷賱丞 賵賴賵 賲丕 丨丿孬 賮毓賱賸丕貙 賵賱毓賱 廿丨丿賶 兀卮賴乇賴丕 賴賷 兀丨賮賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷賰鬲丕賱賷賰 丕賱鬲賷 毓孬乇 賮乇賷賯 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賳賷賱 卮賵亘賳 毓賱賷賴丕 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 兀賱賮賷賳 賵兀乇亘毓丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賰賱 兀丨賮賵乇丞 賲乇丨賱賷丞 乇丕卅毓丞 亘賷賳 丕賱兀爻賲丕賰 賵丕賱夭賵丕丨賮. 賵賯丿 兀賱賮 卮賵亘賳 賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賳賵丕賳 爻賲賰鬲賰 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 匕賰乇 賮賷賴 賯氐丞 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賵兀賴賲賷鬲賴.
賳氐賱 兀禺賷乇賸丕 賱賱賮氐賱 丕賱丨丕丿賷 毓卮乇 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴 毓賳 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賱賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 (亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 賱賱丨賮乇賷丕鬲) 賴賵 丕賱匕賷 丿賮毓賴 賱丕賰鬲卮丕賮 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵丨爻亘 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷 賮廿賳賴 兀賯賵賶 丿賱賷賱 賷賯丿賲賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮賱賲丕匕丕 鬲賵噩丿 賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 鬲賲丕賲賸丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲乇丕賱賷丕 賵兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賵兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱噩賳賵亘賷丞 亘丕賱乇睾賲 兀賳賴丕 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賲賳丕禺 賵丕賱亘賷卅丞 賵毓賳丿 賳賯賱 廿丨丿丕賴丕 賲賳 賯丕乇丞 賱兀禺乇賶 賮廿賳賴丕 鬲鬲兀賯賱賲 亘卮賰賱 賲賲鬲丕夭 賲毓 丕賱亘賷卅丞貙 賮賱賲 賱賲 鬲賵噩丿 賮賷賴丕 廿匕賸丕責 廿賳 丕賱亘賷卅丞 賵丕賱賲賳丕禺 賱丕 賷賮爻乇丕賳 匕賱賰貙 賮賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 賮丕賱賲賳丕禺 賵丕賱亘賷卅丞 賲鬲胤丕亘賯丕賳 鬲賯乇賷亘賸丕貙 亘賷賳賲丕 丕賱賮乇賵賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 賴丕卅賱丞 噩丿賸丕. 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱禺丕氐 鬲賮爻賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓貙 賵賲丕 丕賱賯賵賱 "亘丨賰賲丞 丕賱禺丕賱賯" 兀賵 "胤乇賯賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞 賵丕賱睾乇賷亘丞" 廿賱丕 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱毓噩夭 賵毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿 廿噩丕亘丞貙 兀賲丕 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賮鬲胤乇丨 丕賱賴噩乇丞 賵賲賳 孬賲 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賱賰賱 賳賵毓 亘卮賰賱 賲賳賮氐賱 毓賳 丕賱丌禺乇 賰廿噩丕亘丞.
賱匕賱賰 賱丕 賳乇賶 丕賱孬丿賷丕鬲 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 丕賱噩夭乇 丕賱亘乇賰丕賳賷丞貙 賵賴匕丕 賱毓丿賲 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲賴丕 賯胤毓 賲爻丕賮丞 丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賴丕卅賱丞貙 賵賷爻鬲孬賳賶 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱禺賮丕卮 賱賯丿乇鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱胤賷乇丕賳 賮賵賯 丕賱賲丨賷胤. 賵賰匕賱賰 兀爻賲丕賰 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱毓匕亘丞 賱丕 鬲賵噩丿 賮賷 丕賱噩夭乇 丕賱亘乇賰丕賳賷丞. 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 丕賱夭賵丕丨賮 賵丕賱亘乇賲丕卅賷丕鬲 賵丕賱胤賷賵乇 賵丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賱賴丕. 賵賯丿 兀噩乇賶 丿丕乇賵賳 賵毓賱賲丕亍 丌禺乇賵賳 毓丿丿賸丕 賲賳 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓賱賶 亘匕賵乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱賳亘丕鬲丕鬲 賱賱鬲兀賰丿 賲賳 賯丿乇鬲賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賳賲賵 亘毓丿 兀賷丕賲 賲賳 爻亘丕丨鬲賴丕 賮賷 賲賷丕賴 丕賱賲丨賷胤 兀賵 賵噩賵丿賴丕 丿丕禺賱 賲毓丿丞 丕賱胤賷賵乇. 賱賵 賰丕賳 丿丕乇賵賳 賷毓賱賲 亘賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱夭丨賮 丕賱賯丕乇賷 賱賰丕賳鬲 兀丿賱鬲賴 賴賳丕 兀賯賵賶 賲賲丕 賴賷 毓賱賷賴貙 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 亘丿丕 賱賷 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲丕亘賴 乇丨賱丞 丕賱亘賷賯賱 賵賴匕丕 賵賰兀賳賴 賯丕亘 賯賵爻賷賳 兀賵 兀丿賳賶 賲賳 丕賰鬲卮丕賮賴丕貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷禺胤賵丕 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞貙 乇亘賲丕 亘爻亘亘 丕賳卮睾丕賱賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇.
鬲賵夭毓 丕賱丨賮乇賷丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 毓賱賶 丨丿賵孬 丕賱夭丨賮 丕賱賯丕乇賷
賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賷爻鬲毓乇囟 亘卮賰賱 賲賵爻毓 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲卮乇賷丨賷丞 賵禺氐賵氐賸丕 丕賱鬲賳丕丿丿 亘賷賳 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 賵賴賵 丕賱鬲胤丕亘賯 賮賷 丕賱毓馗丕賲 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 賮賷 毓囟賵 賲丕貙 亘賱 賵賮賷 鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕鬲氐丕賱 丕賱毓馗丕賲 賲毓 亘毓囟賴丕 丕賱亘毓囟貙 賵賱賰賳 賲毓 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賵馗賷賮丞 丕賱毓囟賵貙 賮毓馗丕賲 丕賱賷丿 賱丿賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賴賷 賳賮爻 丕賱毓馗丕賲 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 乇噩賱 丕賱丨氐丕賳 賵噩賳丕丨 丕賱禺賮丕卮 賵夭毓賳賮丞 丕賱丨賵鬲貙 亘賱 兀賳賴丕 賲鬲氐賱丞 亘賳賮爻 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘. 賵賷爻鬲毓乇囟 賰匕賱賰 丕賱兀丿賱丞 賲賳 毓賱賲 丕賱兀噩賳丞貙 丨賷孬 賷賰賵賳 賴賳丕賰 卮亘賴 鬲胤丕亘賯 亘賷賳 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲賯丕乇亘丞貙 賮賲孬賱賸丕 賷賳賲賵 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 匕賳亘 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賳賲賵 丕賱噩賳賷賳賷 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賷禺鬲賮賷貙 賵賰匕賱賰 賷賳賲賵 賱噩賳賷賳 丕賱丨賵鬲 胤乇賮丕賳 禺賱賮賷丕賳 爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賷囟賲乇丕賳. 廿賳 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賲賵乇 鬲卮賷乇 賱賵噩賵丿 爻賱賮 爻丕亘賯 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賵噩丿 亘賴 賴匕賴 丕賱兀毓囟丕亍 亘卮賰賱 賲賰鬲賲賱貙 賵賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱禺賱賯 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇 鬲賮爻賷乇賴丕. 賵賷鬲胤乇賯 賲噩丿丿賸丕 賱賱兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱囟丕賲乇丞 賰噩賳丕丨 丕賱賳毓丕賲丞 賵毓馗丕賲 丨賵囟 丕賱兀賮毓賶.
丕賱鬲賳丕丿丿
馗賴賵乇 孬賲 囟賲賵乇 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱禺賱賮賷 賱噩賳賷賳 丕賱丿賱賮賷賳
毓馗丕賲 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱禺賱賮賷 兀氐亘丨 毓馗丕賲 囟丕賲乇丞 賱丿賶 丕賱丨賷鬲丕賳 亘賮毓賱 鬲胤賵乇賴丕 賲賳 丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 乇亘丕毓賷丞 丕賱兀乇噩賱
賵賮賷 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 毓卮乇 賵丕賱兀禺賷乇 賷賱禺賾氐 丿丕乇賵賳 兀賴賲 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱鬲賷 匕賰乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 亘丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丨噩噩賴 賵丕囟丨丞 賵賷囟毓賴丕 賰賱賴丕 賲毓賴丕 賱鬲賰鬲賲賱 丕賱兀丨噩賷丞 賵鬲鬲囟丨 丕賱氐賵乇丞貙 賰丕賳 賴匕丕 兀賮囟賱 賮氐賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 禺丕氐丞 賲毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丿丕乇賵賳 賱賱睾丞 丕賱卮毓乇賷丞 賮賷 禺丕鬲賲鬲賴貙 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賷丨亘 賯乇丕亍丞 兀卮毓丕乇 噩賵賳 賲賷賱鬲賵賳. 賷賲賰賳賳丕 丕賱賯賵賱 兀賳 丿丕乇賵賳 禺亘賾兀 兀賯賵賶 兀爻賱丨鬲賴 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞 賵賴賷 兀爻賱丨丞 賯賵賷丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞 賱丕 鬲賮爻乇賴丕 廿賱丕 賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇. 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 兀毓胤賷鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 孬賱丕孬 賳噩賵賲 賮賯胤 賱兀賳賳賷 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賱賲賱賱 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 亘毓囟 丕賱賮氐賵賱貙 賮兀賳丕 兀毓賱賲 賲爻亘賯賸丕 睾丕賱亘賷丞 賲丕 爻賷賯賵賱賴 賵賰賷賮 爻賷爻鬲丿賱 毓賱賷賴 亘爻亘亘 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賰鬲亘 毓丿賷丿丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲胤賵乇貙 賵賱賰賳 亘毓丿 鬲兀賲賱賷 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰氐賵乇丞 賰賱賷丞 兀乇丕賴 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱兀乇亘毓 賳噩賵賲貙 賵賱丕 睾乇丕亘丞 賮賷 賯丿乇丞 丿丕乇賵賳 毓賱賶 廿賯賳丕毓 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓賱賲賷 亘氐丨丞 丨丿賵孬 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賵胤乇丨 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷 賰廿丨丿賶 兀賴賲 丌賱賷丕鬲賴. 賱賵 賰丕賳 鬲賯賷賷賲賷 賴匕丕 賲亘賳賷賸丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮賱賳 賷賯賱 毓賳 丕賱禺賲爻 賳噩賵賲 賱賲丕 賱賴 賲賳 丿賵乇 賮賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱亘卮乇賷.
廿賳賴 賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿賸丕 賵賷鬲胤乇賯 賱廿丨丿賶 兀賴賲 丕賱賳馗乇賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 睾賷乇鬲 賮賴賲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 賱賲賵賯毓賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賰賵賳 賵賱匕賱賰 兀賳氐丨 賰賱 賲賳 賱賲 賷賯乇兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴貙 賵賲丕 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓丞 廿賱丕 睾賷囟 賲賳 賮賷囟. 賰匕賱賰 兀賳氐丨 賲賳 賯乇兀 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲胤乇賯 賱賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 賲賳 兀噩賱 賮賴賲 兀亘乇夭 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 胤乇兀鬲 毓賱賷賴丕 賵丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱賲爻鬲丨丿孬丞. 賵亘丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿 兀賳氐丨 亘賴匕賷賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘賷賳: 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 丿賵賰賳夭 賵 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 噩賷乇賷 賰賵賷賳.
丕禺鬲賲 賲乇丕噩毓鬲賷 賴匕賴 亘賳賮爻 丕賱賮賯乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 禺鬲賲 亘賴丕 丿丕乇賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賴貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻鬲丨賯 賲賳賰 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 廿賳 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鬲鬲賯賳賴丕 賱鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 鬲匕賵賯 噩賲丕賱賴丕 賵乇賵毓鬲賴丕:
Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.
March 12, 2024
On The Origin of Species
Darwin (1809-1882)
Darwin published this book in 1859.
It is his scientific treaty based on the idea that all organisms living on the earth are descendants of one or several original progenitors.
The work is mostly a transcription of the author鈥檚 notes throughout his years of study and his famous voyage on the HMS Beagle to the Southern Hemisphere.
It had likely been addressed to the quite skeptical scientific community of his time, to demonstrate his idea and to bring supporting material enough to convince and to prove its validity.
Apart from the excessively rich scientific vocabulary, the book is a pleasant read.
A few quotations will give some insight:
"This Abstract, which I now publish, must necessarily be imperfect. I cannot here give references and authorities for my several statements, and I must trust to the reader reposing some confidence in my accuracy. No doubt errors will have crept in, though I hope I have always been cautious in trusting to good authorities alone.
In considering the origin of species, it is quite conceivable that a naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic beings, their embryonic relations, their geographical distribution, geological successions, and other such facts, might conclude that species had not been independently created, but had descended, like varieties from other species.鈥�
The work is developed in chapters:
Variations under Domestications,
Variations in Nature,
Struggle for existence,
Natural selection; or Survival of the fittest,
Laws of variation,
Difficulties of the theory,
Miscellaneous objections to the theory of Natural Selection,
Instinct,
Hybridism,
On the imperfection of the Geological Record,
On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings
Geographical distribution,
Mutual affinities of organic beings, Embryology,
Quotations from Recapitulation and Conclusion:
"I see no good reason why the view given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of anyone. It could be just as noble a conception for a Deity to believe that He created a few original forms capable of self-development into other and needful forms, as to believe that He required a fresh act of creation to supply the voids caused by the action of His laws.
The belief that species were immutable productions was almost unavoidable as long as the history of the world was believed to be of short duration; and now that we have acquired some idea of the lapse of time, we are apt to assume, that the geological record would have afforded us plain evidence of the mutation of species.
Now, things have wholly changed, and almost every naturalist admits the great principle of evolution, over the old belief in the creation of species from the dust of the earth.
The laws of Nature, taken in the largest sense, are Growth with Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to the struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural selection, and the Extinction of less-improved forms.
There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or one.鈥�
I have much enjoyed reading this book and am glad not to have missed it.
I recommend it to anyone interested in Natural History or just in knowledge as such.
Darwin (1809-1882)
Darwin published this book in 1859.
It is his scientific treaty based on the idea that all organisms living on the earth are descendants of one or several original progenitors.
The work is mostly a transcription of the author鈥檚 notes throughout his years of study and his famous voyage on the HMS Beagle to the Southern Hemisphere.
It had likely been addressed to the quite skeptical scientific community of his time, to demonstrate his idea and to bring supporting material enough to convince and to prove its validity.
Apart from the excessively rich scientific vocabulary, the book is a pleasant read.
A few quotations will give some insight:
"This Abstract, which I now publish, must necessarily be imperfect. I cannot here give references and authorities for my several statements, and I must trust to the reader reposing some confidence in my accuracy. No doubt errors will have crept in, though I hope I have always been cautious in trusting to good authorities alone.
In considering the origin of species, it is quite conceivable that a naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic beings, their embryonic relations, their geographical distribution, geological successions, and other such facts, might conclude that species had not been independently created, but had descended, like varieties from other species.鈥�
The work is developed in chapters:
Variations under Domestications,
Variations in Nature,
Struggle for existence,
Natural selection; or Survival of the fittest,
Laws of variation,
Difficulties of the theory,
Miscellaneous objections to the theory of Natural Selection,
Instinct,
Hybridism,
On the imperfection of the Geological Record,
On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings
Geographical distribution,
Mutual affinities of organic beings, Embryology,
Quotations from Recapitulation and Conclusion:
"I see no good reason why the view given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of anyone. It could be just as noble a conception for a Deity to believe that He created a few original forms capable of self-development into other and needful forms, as to believe that He required a fresh act of creation to supply the voids caused by the action of His laws.
The belief that species were immutable productions was almost unavoidable as long as the history of the world was believed to be of short duration; and now that we have acquired some idea of the lapse of time, we are apt to assume, that the geological record would have afforded us plain evidence of the mutation of species.
Now, things have wholly changed, and almost every naturalist admits the great principle of evolution, over the old belief in the creation of species from the dust of the earth.
The laws of Nature, taken in the largest sense, are Growth with Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to the struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural selection, and the Extinction of less-improved forms.
There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or one.鈥�
I have much enjoyed reading this book and am glad not to have missed it.
I recommend it to anyone interested in Natural History or just in knowledge as such.
October 27, 2007
Are you an Evangelical Christian? Or, perhaps you are a student participating in one of nation's modern and progressive science classes, learning about the Origins of Man, but confused by the lack of scientifically observable studies missing from your text books. Fortunately for you, Darwin spent decades of his life documenting the observable changes in various species, hypothesizing about these changes and drawing some interesting conclusions about his life's work.
April 12, 2016
賱丕 丕毓鬲賯丿 兀賳賴 賷賵噩丿 賲賳 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賲賳 兀丨丿孬 兀孬乇賸丕 賮賷 丨賷丕丞 丕賱亘卮乇 賵賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲賴賲 賵孬賵丕亘鬲賴賲 賰賲丕 賮毓賱 丿丕乇賵賷賳貙 賵賮賷 丿乇丕爻鬲賴 鬲賱賰 賷賯丿賲 賱賳丕 禺賱丕氐丞 鬲噩丕乇亘賴 賵丿乇丕爻丕鬲賴貙 賵賱賲 兀噩丿 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丕 賷丐氐賱 賮賷賴 賱賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱卮丕卅毓丞 毓賳賴 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 丕賱兀氐賱 賯乇丿貙 亘賱 賰丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱賰丕賲賱 賷賳丕賯卮 賳馗乇賷丕鬲賴 賵鬲噩丕乇亘賴.
賵丕賱賲賱丕丨馗 鬲賵丕囟毓 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賰亘丕丨孬 丕賱賲孬賷乇 賱賱廿毓噩丕亘貙 賵賱丕 爻賷賲丕 亘乇噩賱 睾賷賾乇 賲噩乇賶 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賵乇睾賲 乇賷丕丿丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 廿賳賴 賮賷 鬲賳丕賵賱 兀賷 賯丕乇卅貙 賮賱丕 鬲噩丿 賮賷 孬賳丕賷丕賴 丕賱鬲毓賯賷丿 賵丕賱氐毓賵亘丞貙 賮賰賱 賲丕 賷丨鬲丕噩賴 賴賵 賳賵毓 賲鬲兀賳賷 賲賳 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賱丕爻鬲賷毓丕亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲賴.賵乇睾賲 丕賲鬲賱丕賰賳丕 賰賱賳丕 賯卮賵乇 賱賲丕 賷丨鬲賵賷賴 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱丕 兀賳 賯乇丕亍鬲賴丕 賲賳 賲氐丿乇賴丕 亘賷賰賵賳 賱賴 鬲噩賱賷丕鬲 禺丕氐丞 賰兀賳賰 鬲賯乇兀賴丕 賱兀賵賱 賲乇賾丞.
賵廿匕丕 兀乇丿賳丕 鬲賱禺賷氐 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賯丿 賳禺鬲氐乇賴丕 賮賷 賲賯賵賱丞: 兀賳 兀賷 賰丕卅賳 亘爻賷胤 賵亘兀賷 賵爻賷賱丞 賲賮賷丿丞 賱賴 鬲丨鬲 鬲兀孬賷乇 馗乇賵賮 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱賲毓賯丿丞 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇丞 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇貙賮爻賵賮 鬲賰賵賳 賱賴 賮乇氐丞 兀賮囟賱 賱賱丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 賮賷 丕賱丨賷丕丞貙 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 爻賵賮 賷鬲賲 丕賳鬲賯丕丐賴 胤亘賷毓賷丕貙 賵亘賳丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賲亘丿兀 丕賱賯賵賷 賱賱賵乇丕孬丞 賮廿賳 兀賷 囟乇亘 賲賳鬲賯賶 爻賷賲賷賱 廿賱賶 丕賱廿賰孬丕乇 賲賳 卮賰賱賴 丕賱噩丿賷丿 賵丕賱賲毓丿賱.
兀賷 兀賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻 賴賵 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕亍 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貙 賵賰賷賮 兀賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賱丕 鬲購賲賳丨 廿賱丕 賱賱賯丕丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲丨爻賳 賵賲賵丕賰亘鬲賴丕 賵兀賳 丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 丕賱兀賯賱 鬲胤賵乇丕 爻鬲賳丿孬乇貙
孬賲 賷賳胤賱賯 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賷丨丿孬賳丕 毓賳 賰賱 賲丕 賷禺氐 丕賱賰丕卅賳丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丞 賵兀爻丕賱賷亘 丨賷丕鬲賴丕貙 賵兀孬乇 丕賱睾乇賷夭丞 毓賱賶 鬲毓丕賲賱賴丕.
賮賷 丕賱賲噩賲賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓馗賷賲 賵爻賴賱 賵賲賲鬲毓 丨鬲賶 賱睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐貙 賵鬲亘賯賶 乇賷丕丿鬲賴 賱兀賲丿 亘毓賷丿貙 賵毓乇囟 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱爻賱丕爻丞 亘賲賰丕賳貙 賵胤亘毓丞 丕賱賲乇賰夭 丕賱賯賵賲賷 亘賲卮丕乇賰丞 賲賳 賲賰鬲亘丞 丕賱丕爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 噩賷丿丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞.
July 31, 2023
"Darwin gave us the explanation for why we exist"
Richard Dawkins
"O chimpanz茅 e os seres humanos compartilham cerca de 99,5% da sua hist贸ria evolutiva, no entanto a maioria dos pensadores humanos considera o chimpanz茅 uma excentricidade mal formada e irrelevante, enquanto se veem a si pr贸prios como degraus para o Todo-poderoso. Para um evolucionista isto n茫o pode acontecer. N茫o h谩 fundamento objectivo para elevar uma esp茅cie acima da outra. Chimpanz茅 e seres humanos, lagartixas e fungos, todos evolu铆mos durante aproximadamente 3 bili玫es de anos por um processo conhecido por SELE脟脙O NATURAL"
in "O Gene Ego铆sta"
OBJECTIONS BY...
鈥淚f life progressed by an accumulation of small changes as Darwin suggests 鈥he fossil record should reflect 鈥his鈥︹€�
鈥淏ut before the Cambrian era, a brief 600 million years ago, very little is inscribed in the fossil record, but then...an astonishing number of biological structures鈥ome into creation at once"
AND
"Stephen Meyer鈥檚 thoughtful and meticulous Darwin鈥檚 Doubt (2013) convinced me that Darwin has failed."
"There's no reason to doubt that Darwin successfully explained the small adjustments by which an organism adapts to local circumstances: changes to fur density or wing style or beak shape. Yet there are many reasons to doubt whether he can explain the big picture -not the fine-tuning of species but the emergence of new ones. The origin of species is exactly what Darwin CANNOT explain"
David Gelernter, Claremont Review of Books*.
AND
"Some biological systems at the molecular level strongly appear to be the result of deliberate intelligent design."
"Darwin's theory of evolution by random mutation and natural selection- the dominant view in the biological community- is utterly incompatible with a theory of purposeful, intelligent design."
Michael J. Behe (PhD)
UPDATE
"Finally"? Really?
*
UPDATE
UPDATE
UPDATE
"In the distant future I see open fields for far more important researches. Psychology will be based on a new foundation, that of the necessary acquirement of each mental power and capacity by gradation. Light will be thrown in the origin of man and his history."
Charles Darwin, 1859
COUNTER ARGUMENT
Conclusion
Despite all the wonderful knowledge (flora, fauna, geology etc) Darwin exhibited in/for his time and his daring hypotheses, I believe, like Stephen Meyer, that "intelligent design" and "the God Hypothesis" provide "superior explanatory power than other hypotheses*" (Darwin's included).
*in YouTube: Stephen Meyer on Intelligent Design and The Return of the God Hypothesis.
September 27, 2015
[ 兀賳丕 賱丕 兀乇賶 兀賷 爻亘亘 賵噩賷賴 賮賷 兀賳 鬲購爻亘亘 丕賱丌乇丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賯丿 鬲賲 鬲賯丿賷賲賴丕 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷 氐丿賲丞 賱賱賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘兀賷 賮乇丿.
賵賯丿 賯丕賲 賰丕鬲亘 賲乇賲賵賯 賵賱丕賴賵鬲賷 亘賲賰丕鬲亘鬲賷 亘禺氐賵氐 兀賳賴 賯丿 鬲毓賱賾賲 亘丕賱鬲丿乇賷噩 兀賳 賷乇賶 兀賳 丕賱鬲氐賵乇 丕賱乇丕賯賷 丕賱禺丕氐 亘丕賱兀賱賵賴賷丞 賴賵 毓賱賶 賳賮爻 丕賱丿乇噩丞 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賲賳 丕賱廿賷賲丕賳 亘兀賳賴 賯丿 賯丕賲 亘禺賱賯 丕賱毓丿丿 丕賱賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 丕賱丨賷丞 丕賱兀氐賱賷丞 丕賱賯丕丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱匕丕鬲賷 廿賱賶 兀卮賰丕賱 兀禺乇賶 賵囟乇賵乇賷丞 ]
[ 廿賳 賴賳丕賰 卮賷卅丕賸 賲賳 丕賱賮禺丕賲丞 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賳馗賵乇 賱賱丨賷丕丞貙 賮賷 兀賳賴 賯丿 鬲賲賾 賳賮禺賴丕 亘賵丕爻胤丞 丕賱禺丕賱賯 亘丿丕禺賱 丕賱毓丿丿 丕賱賯賱賷賱 賲賳 丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 兀賵 賮賷 卮賰賱 賵丕丨丿 ]
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賵乇睾賲 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 .. 賴賵 賰鬲丕亘 囟禺賲 賵賮禺賲 賵乇丕卅毓 亘賱丕 卮賰.
賵丕囟丨 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賰賱 賮氐賵賱賴 賵賰賱賲丕鬲賴 兀賳賴 賰購鬲賽亘 毓賱賶 賲賴賱 賵賰丕賳 賳鬲賷噩丞 乇丨賱丞 亘丨孬 賲囟賳賷丞 賵賲卮亘毓丞 亘丕賱廿禺賱丕氐 賵丕賱鬲賮丕賳賷.
賱賯丿 匕購賴賽賱鬲 賱賲毓乇賮丞 兀賳 睾丕賱亘賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賵噩賾賴鬲 賱賱賳馗乇賷丞 賯丿 鬲賲 鬲賵噩賷賴賴丕 賲賳 賯賽亘賻賱 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賳賮爻賴! 賵賰丕賳 賷毓鬲乇賮 賮賷 賰賱 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 亘氐毓賵亘鬲賴丕 賲丨丕賵賱丕賸 鬲賯丿賷賲 鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 賵乇丿賵丿 毓賱賷賴丕. 賵賱賰賳賴 賮賷 丨丕賱丕鬲 賰孬賷乇丞 賰丕賳 賷毓鬲乇賮 賱賱丕賲丕賳丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 亘兀賳賴 賱丕 賷賲賱賰 噩賵丕亘丕 賲乇囟賷丕 毓賳 亘毓囟 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 丕賱賯賵賷丞.
賲丕 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賵兀丿賴卮賳賷 賮賷 卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賰亘賷乇 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿丕乇賵賷賳 .. 賴賵 兀賳賴 賰丕賳 卮丿賷丿 丕賱鬲賵丕囟毓 賮賷 亘丨孬賴. 賮賮賷 賲賵丕囟毓 賰孬賷乇丞 賵毓丿賷丿丞 賰丕賳 賷毓鬲乇賮 亘毓噩夭賴 毓賳 乇丿 亘毓囟 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 .. 賰賲丕 丕賳賴 丨賷賳 賷匕賰乇 丕爻賲 兀丨丿 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱賲毓丕乇囟賷賳 賱賴 賰丕賳 賷匕賰乇賴 亘卮賷亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲賯丿賷乇 賵丕賱鬲亘噩賷賱 乇睾賲 丕禺鬲賱丕賮賴 賲毓賴. 賵丨賷賳 賷乇丿 毓賱賶 亘毓囟 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰 .. 賰丕賳 賷乇丿 亘卮賰賱 賲丨鬲乇賲 噩丿丕賸 賵賲鬲賵丕囟毓 噩丿丕賸 賵亘兀爻賱賵亘 禺丕賱賺 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賲賳 丕賱丕爻鬲丨賯丕乇 賵丕賱鬲氐睾賷乇. 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賰爻 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賲賲賳 賷丿賾毓賵賳 賮賷 毓氐乇賳丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丕賳賴賲 賲賳 兀鬲亘丕毓 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賵賲丨亘賷賴 丕賱匕賷賳 賷爻鬲氐睾乇賵賳 賵賷爻鬲丨賯乇賵賳 賰賱 賲賳 賷禺丕賱賮賴賲 賵賷毓鬲亘乇賵賳 兀賳賮爻賴賲 丌賱賴丞 賵睾賷乇賴賲 毓亘賷丿 賵 噩賴賱丞!
賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞貙 賰丕賳鬲 毓賳丿賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱爻丕匕噩丞 亘兀賳 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賯丕賱 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕氐賱賴 賯乇丿! 賵賱丕 兀賳賰乇 兀賳賳賷 賰賳鬲 賲賯鬲賳毓丕賸 亘氐丨賻賾丞 賳爻亘鬲賴丕 廿賱賶 丿丕乇賵賷賳 鬲賲丕賲丕賸. 賵賱賰賳 賵丕賱丨賲丿 賱賱賴 丕賳噩賱賶 賰匕亘 賴匕賴 丕賱賮賰乇丞 毓賳丿賷 丨鬲賶 賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 .. 賵賱賰賳賳賷 賲毓 匕賱賰 丨賷賳 亘丿兀鬲 賯乇丕亍鬲賴 毓夭賲鬲 毓賱賶 兀賳 兀賰鬲卮賮 兀氐賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱賲睾賱賵胤丞 賵賮賷賲丕 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賱賴丕 賵噩賵丿 賮賷 兀氐賱 丕賱兀賳賵丕毓 兀賲 賱丕. 賵賴丕 兀賳丕 匕丕 丕賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賱賲 兀噩丿 兀賷 廿卮丕乇丞 賱賮賰乇丞 " 兀氐賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賯乇丿 " 廿胤賱丕賯丕.
毓賱賶 賲丕 丕馗購賳賾 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丌孬丕乇賴丕 賲賵噩賵丿丞 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘 丿丕乇賵賷賳 丕賱丌禺乇 "賳卮兀丞 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳". 賵賲賳賴 賳卮兀鬲 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱賲睾賱賵胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿丕賵賱賴丕 丕賱賳丕爻 亘毓丿賴丕 亘卮賰賱 噩賳賵賳賷.
胤亘毓丕 賱丕 亘丿 兀賳 兀賯賵賱 亘兀賳 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賱賲 賷購毓胤賷 鬲賮爻賷乇丕賸 賲賯亘賵賱丕 賱亘毓囟 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 丕賱禺胤賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 賵賲丕 夭丕賱鬲 賲賵噩賴丞 賱賱賳馗乇賷丞 (賵賯丿 丕毓鬲乇賮 賴賵 亘匕賱賰 賰賲丕 兀爻賱賮鬲) .. 賵兀禺胤乇 賴匕賴 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 賴賵 賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 亘丕賱丕賳賮噩丕乇 丕賱賰賲亘乇賷.
兀賳丕 兀毓鬲亘乇 賳賮爻賷 賲賳 丕賱賲賯鬲賳毓賷賳 亘丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 亘賳爻亘丞 賰亘賷乇丞 .. 賵賱賰賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟丕鬲 賰亘賷乇丞 賵噩丿賷乇丞 亘丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲 .. 賮囟賱丕賸 毓賳 兀賳賴丕 賱賲 鬲賱賯 噩賵丕亘丕 賲乇囟賷丕 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳.
賵賱賰賳 毓賱賶 賰賱 丨丕賱貙 爻賵丕亍賸 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 氐丨賷丨丞 賲卅丞 亘丕賱賲卅丞 .. 兀賵 禺丕胤卅丞 賲卅丞 亘丕賱賲卅丞 .. 賮賴匕丕 賱丕 毓賱丕賯丞 賱賴 亘丕賱鬲兀孬賷乇 毓賱賶 賯囟賷丞 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱賵噩賵丿 丕賱廿賱賴賷. 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱亘毓囟 廿賱氐丕賯賴丕 亘丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賴賷 亘丕毓鬲賯丕丿賷 禺乇丕賮丞貙 鬲賲丕賲丕賸 賰賮賰乇丞 兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賯乇丿!! 賰賱丕賴賲丕 賳丕卮卅丕賳 毓賳 爻賵亍 賮賴賲 賵鬲賯丿賷乇. 賵賰賲丕 賯丕賱 氐丕丨亘 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 丕賱匕賷 兀賵乇丿鬲賴 賮賷 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賯 .. 兀賳 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 賱丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 鬲丐孬乇 毓賱賶 丕賱丕毓鬲賯丕丿 丕賱丿賷賳賷 .. 亘賱 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賰爻 賴賷 鬲毓賰爻 賲賳馗賵乇丕 兀賰孬乇 賮禺丕賲丞 賱賱丨賷丕丞 賵賱賱廿賱賴.
賵賱賰賳 毓賳丿賲丕 鬲鬲丿禺賱 丕賱鬲丨賷夭丕鬲 丕賱兀賷丿賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 鬲囟賷毓 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲锟斤拷丞. 兀賳丕 兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丿丕乇賵賷賳 賲孬賱 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲賮賰乇賷賳 丕賱毓馗賲丕亍 .. 鬲氐賷亘賴賲 丿丕卅賲丕賸 亘毓丿 賲賵鬲賴賲 賱毓賳丞 丕賱兀鬲亘丕毓 丕賱賲購丨乇賽賾賮賷賳!
兀賳氐丨 亘卮丿丞 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱囟禺賲貙 賱賰賱 賲賳 賷丨賲賱賵賳 氐賵乇丕賸 賳賲胤賷丞 爻賵丕亍賸 囟丿 兀賵 賲毓 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞. 賳毓賲貙 賮丕賱氐賵乇 丕賱賳賲胤賷丞 丕賱睾丕賱賽胤丞 賱賷爻鬲 賮賯胤 廿賱賶 噩丕賳亘 賲賳 賴賲 囟丿 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞 .. 亘賱 賴賳丕賰 氐賵乇 賳賲胤賷丞 睾丕賱賽胤丞 賱丕 亘兀爻 亘賴丕 賮賷 噩丕賳亘 賲賳 賴賲 賲毓 丕賱賳馗乇賷丞! 賵賰賲丕 賷賯賵賱賵賳 .. 丕賱丨購亘賾貙 賲孬賱 丕賱賰乇賴貙 兀毓賲賶!
July 21, 2015
This is not exactly what I would call "fun reading," but it's worth it. At times, it was hard getting through this book, mainly because it's dense and sometimes Darwin tended to drag and not get to the point, but I'm glad I finally read it. However, I think I should have read this at another point of my life - I mean, it was exasperating to read something I had just studied at a biology course I was taking. I still don't regret reading this. If you're considering on whether picking this book or not (yeah, I'm actually recommending it), I suggest you do it between your leisure reading because it can get tedious if you swallow it all at once.
June 14, 2022
Darwin鈥檚 origin of species is a 600 page argument. It is the synthesis of years of intense study and careful observation. It is also kaleidoscopic journey through Nature鈥檚 creatures: plants, domestic and wild animals, extinct and current forms of life, geological periods and violent climate changes. This very carefully and densely constructed argument needs a real determination and concentration from the reader. It requires an effort, just to appreciate the magnificence of what Charles Darwin devoted his life for.
Perhaps the first thing that one should keep in mind is that Darwin existed in a period when something we call genetics-he calls it inheritance- was in a rudimentary state, if not none existing. Now, we people of the XXI century only understand evolution through this genetic paradigm using key concepts such as genes and mutations. Darwin did not have this luxury. His work is based on observation; I must say a superhuman amount of observation of living creatures across an immense territory, combined with the work of other equally superhuman observers. The theory of evolution through natural selection was formulated through the examination of the patterns which Nature exhibits. It is going beyond the simplicity of the creationism which offered so much comfort for humans throughout the ages, and discovering the hidden law which governs and explains the wonders we see in the natural world.
The discovery of the New World and it鈥檚 life forms was also a decisive factor in the work of Darwin. This is a good illustration of how crucial is the exploration of the far and unfamiliar, and what it actually adds to human understanding. There were life forms observed in the new continent which were only slightly distinct from European ones, others fundamentally different. Climate and geographical conditions were also so variable that they offered the most puzzling scene to these naturalists. So many questions appeared and so many phenomena had to be explained. The fauna and flora of the new continent offered a sticking contrast to that of the old one, and pushed the naturalists outside of what they were familiar with.
Leaving the facts and the observations aside, a great wisdom is also to be learned from the way Darwin exposed his argument. Starting from what is the ordinary: domestic animals and the variation and selection they go through by man. One cannot imagine a better start. Then he expands to the wild life, supporting his case with a variety of cases and facts observed by his fellow naturalists. He also advances key parameters in the battle of life, mainly the adaptation to conditions of life, predators and food chains, characters transmitted because they give an advantage to those who have them over competitors. Natural selection can appear in the way lines are blurred between what is a species and what is a variety, it appears also when it comes to the geographical distribution of species according to natural barriers such as great seas and deserts. In the deep history of earth represented by the fossil records, change and adaptation can be seen across immeasurable time.
Darwin also anticipates every argument that his adversaries might think of. He addresses every one of them at great lengths. The infertility of certain forms such as working ants or bees, or that of hybrids is a complicated phenomenon to be explained by inheritance of the most advantageous characters. Darwin argues that this is not necessarily fatal to his theory because the development of such structures is after all beneficial to the whole species in the case of ants and bees. As for hybrids, the infertility can have other contributing factors, such as the failure of the combined reproductive system, or change in the conditions of life, similar to the hidden reasons of the infertility of our domestic animals when under confinement.
If we admit the evolution of species by natural selection, some naturalists wondered about the intermediate forms between the species we see today, at least in the fossil record. The fossil record was indeed a valuable insight into the history of the earth and its past inhabitants, an amazing discovery which fascinated naturalists of the XIX century. But Darwin asks for restraint and moderation when dealing with it. The fossil record is uncompleted and does not give us an accurate picture of Nature. Extinction of species and intermediate forms contributes greatly in making what we see today in the natural world.
By far, the greatest difficulty is why species change in the first place. Darwin is well aware of this. He knows that the change is somehow spontaneous, but cannot go beyond that. It is observed among domestic animals, as the domestication is based on breeding animals which for an unknown reason, acquired an advantageous character, a character which can also inherited by the offspring. We know better today how change occur, but Darwin did not. Yet in his great wisdom he stops right where he can go no further, and admits his inability to explain this fundamental matter without backing on his theory, which he nevertheless continues to support knowing this difficulty.
There is so much to learn from Darwin, even if today we no longer talk about evolution in the same terms as he did. One admires his penetrating insight, courage to eliminate illusions and seek truth. But by the end he knows that he knows nothing. The human mind is feeble and Nature is sublime. One must constantly remind himself with every supposition that nature is way bigger than what he supposes or believes.
Perhaps the first thing that one should keep in mind is that Darwin existed in a period when something we call genetics-he calls it inheritance- was in a rudimentary state, if not none existing. Now, we people of the XXI century only understand evolution through this genetic paradigm using key concepts such as genes and mutations. Darwin did not have this luxury. His work is based on observation; I must say a superhuman amount of observation of living creatures across an immense territory, combined with the work of other equally superhuman observers. The theory of evolution through natural selection was formulated through the examination of the patterns which Nature exhibits. It is going beyond the simplicity of the creationism which offered so much comfort for humans throughout the ages, and discovering the hidden law which governs and explains the wonders we see in the natural world.
The discovery of the New World and it鈥檚 life forms was also a decisive factor in the work of Darwin. This is a good illustration of how crucial is the exploration of the far and unfamiliar, and what it actually adds to human understanding. There were life forms observed in the new continent which were only slightly distinct from European ones, others fundamentally different. Climate and geographical conditions were also so variable that they offered the most puzzling scene to these naturalists. So many questions appeared and so many phenomena had to be explained. The fauna and flora of the new continent offered a sticking contrast to that of the old one, and pushed the naturalists outside of what they were familiar with.
Leaving the facts and the observations aside, a great wisdom is also to be learned from the way Darwin exposed his argument. Starting from what is the ordinary: domestic animals and the variation and selection they go through by man. One cannot imagine a better start. Then he expands to the wild life, supporting his case with a variety of cases and facts observed by his fellow naturalists. He also advances key parameters in the battle of life, mainly the adaptation to conditions of life, predators and food chains, characters transmitted because they give an advantage to those who have them over competitors. Natural selection can appear in the way lines are blurred between what is a species and what is a variety, it appears also when it comes to the geographical distribution of species according to natural barriers such as great seas and deserts. In the deep history of earth represented by the fossil records, change and adaptation can be seen across immeasurable time.
Darwin also anticipates every argument that his adversaries might think of. He addresses every one of them at great lengths. The infertility of certain forms such as working ants or bees, or that of hybrids is a complicated phenomenon to be explained by inheritance of the most advantageous characters. Darwin argues that this is not necessarily fatal to his theory because the development of such structures is after all beneficial to the whole species in the case of ants and bees. As for hybrids, the infertility can have other contributing factors, such as the failure of the combined reproductive system, or change in the conditions of life, similar to the hidden reasons of the infertility of our domestic animals when under confinement.
If we admit the evolution of species by natural selection, some naturalists wondered about the intermediate forms between the species we see today, at least in the fossil record. The fossil record was indeed a valuable insight into the history of the earth and its past inhabitants, an amazing discovery which fascinated naturalists of the XIX century. But Darwin asks for restraint and moderation when dealing with it. The fossil record is uncompleted and does not give us an accurate picture of Nature. Extinction of species and intermediate forms contributes greatly in making what we see today in the natural world.
By far, the greatest difficulty is why species change in the first place. Darwin is well aware of this. He knows that the change is somehow spontaneous, but cannot go beyond that. It is observed among domestic animals, as the domestication is based on breeding animals which for an unknown reason, acquired an advantageous character, a character which can also inherited by the offspring. We know better today how change occur, but Darwin did not. Yet in his great wisdom he stops right where he can go no further, and admits his inability to explain this fundamental matter without backing on his theory, which he nevertheless continues to support knowing this difficulty.
There is so much to learn from Darwin, even if today we no longer talk about evolution in the same terms as he did. One admires his penetrating insight, courage to eliminate illusions and seek truth. But by the end he knows that he knows nothing. The human mind is feeble and Nature is sublime. One must constantly remind himself with every supposition that nature is way bigger than what he supposes or believes.
May 2, 2012
My science education left a lot to be desired. I was never taught the Theory of Natural Selection in school but only heard it mentioned when some adults scoffed at it. Thankfully, my natural talents steered me away from a career in Biology or Genetics, so this lack of knowledge didn鈥檛 affect my career prospects. It just affected my understanding of the world.
I learned years later the basics of the theory but this just piqued my interest about reading the actual book. I always have problems with Victorian authors (very long sentences) so the print version gave me some difficulty. If it weren鈥檛 for Richard Dawkins' excellent narration, I don鈥檛 know that I could have enjoyed this book as much.
I鈥檓 almost shocked that I was able to follow the concepts herein as well as I did. I am amazed that Mr. Darwin could write this book (one of the most important in the history of science and the whole world) in such clear, concise way, that a person with minimal understanding of the topic in general could follow along so well. The concepts are explained logically with tons of examples so the reader is not left dangling wondering what he meant. Not only that, but he also writes beautifully and the prose is sometimes as poetic as it is instructive:
As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these, if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications.
From the beginning, I understood this wasn鈥檛 a book I could listen in one sitting or while doing other things. I took it slowly and that allowed me to think things through. It made me think a lot about our place in the world and how sometimes we think we are above the system when in fact, we are just one creature among millions and not the most important in the grand scheme of nature (if we were to go extinct, the planet will continue merrily along.) It made reflect in our attempts to control nature, to see change as a bad thing, and our hubris that we can keep in check a process that has moved relentlessly forward for millions of years.
Darwin was certainly cognizant that his theory wouldn鈥檛 be accepted immediately: 鈥淎ny one whose disposition leads him to attach more weight to unexplained difficulties than to the explanation of a certain number of facts will certainly reject my theory.鈥� But I think he would be surprised by how much discussion there is still going on about the subject, specially given that DNA evidence has already proven he was correct in thinking that every living being sprouted from a single progenitor (mind staggering as it seems.)
As I already mentioned, Richard Dawkins is the narrator for this audiobook and he did an amazing job - you could tell he's probably read this book a million times and knows it like the back of his hand. His diction was very precise and clear; and his enthusiasm for the subject was contagious. It almost feels like Darwin is the one speaking.
Overall, a must read for anybody with an interest in learning how we came into being.
I learned years later the basics of the theory but this just piqued my interest about reading the actual book. I always have problems with Victorian authors (very long sentences) so the print version gave me some difficulty. If it weren鈥檛 for Richard Dawkins' excellent narration, I don鈥檛 know that I could have enjoyed this book as much.
I鈥檓 almost shocked that I was able to follow the concepts herein as well as I did. I am amazed that Mr. Darwin could write this book (one of the most important in the history of science and the whole world) in such clear, concise way, that a person with minimal understanding of the topic in general could follow along so well. The concepts are explained logically with tons of examples so the reader is not left dangling wondering what he meant. Not only that, but he also writes beautifully and the prose is sometimes as poetic as it is instructive:
As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these, if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications.
From the beginning, I understood this wasn鈥檛 a book I could listen in one sitting or while doing other things. I took it slowly and that allowed me to think things through. It made me think a lot about our place in the world and how sometimes we think we are above the system when in fact, we are just one creature among millions and not the most important in the grand scheme of nature (if we were to go extinct, the planet will continue merrily along.) It made reflect in our attempts to control nature, to see change as a bad thing, and our hubris that we can keep in check a process that has moved relentlessly forward for millions of years.
Darwin was certainly cognizant that his theory wouldn鈥檛 be accepted immediately: 鈥淎ny one whose disposition leads him to attach more weight to unexplained difficulties than to the explanation of a certain number of facts will certainly reject my theory.鈥� But I think he would be surprised by how much discussion there is still going on about the subject, specially given that DNA evidence has already proven he was correct in thinking that every living being sprouted from a single progenitor (mind staggering as it seems.)
As I already mentioned, Richard Dawkins is the narrator for this audiobook and he did an amazing job - you could tell he's probably read this book a million times and knows it like the back of his hand. His diction was very precise and clear; and his enthusiasm for the subject was contagious. It almost feels like Darwin is the one speaking.
Overall, a must read for anybody with an interest in learning how we came into being.
June 21, 2017
Sometimes when I read books with ideas that changed the world, I notice they鈥檙e boring. Not because it鈥檚 poorly written, archaically worded, or just a boring topic- all untrue- but because the ideas were so influential that the entire book is just one big 鈥渄uh, yeah, I鈥檓 already on board with this, you don鈥檛 need to harp on so much, I see what you鈥檙e getting at and I agree it makes sense.鈥� (I remember a similar feeling with Singer鈥檚 Animal Liberation, for example.)
This is obviously one of those books. If you鈥檝e got a high school diploma, you already understand natural selection, and if you鈥檙e interested in biology at all, you probably also understand the evidentiary support/finer tunings of the theory.
Essentially this is like, 700 pages of Darwin giving evidence for his theory by listing out different animals or plants and discussing how the variations imply a common ancestor/his theory and how they disprove his opponents鈥� arguments. Pigeons with X number of tail feathers, horses with leg stripes, radishes versus rutabagas. Lots and lots and lots of details about things like this.
I鈥檓 glad I read it because Darwin is clearly anxious nobody will believe his wild new theory, since he throws so much evidence at the reader. This serves, to me, as a fantastic reminder that this was, in fact, a radical kooky theory at the time and nothing in science should be taken for granted as truth because there is always, always always, a shakeup on the horizon that will make us question everything. And no era is immune to that- every era has thought itself 鈥渇inally at the truth鈥� and every time we鈥檝e been wrong. As we are now, in ways we can鈥檛 even imagine yet.
This is obviously one of those books. If you鈥檝e got a high school diploma, you already understand natural selection, and if you鈥檙e interested in biology at all, you probably also understand the evidentiary support/finer tunings of the theory.
Essentially this is like, 700 pages of Darwin giving evidence for his theory by listing out different animals or plants and discussing how the variations imply a common ancestor/his theory and how they disprove his opponents鈥� arguments. Pigeons with X number of tail feathers, horses with leg stripes, radishes versus rutabagas. Lots and lots and lots of details about things like this.
I鈥檓 glad I read it because Darwin is clearly anxious nobody will believe his wild new theory, since he throws so much evidence at the reader. This serves, to me, as a fantastic reminder that this was, in fact, a radical kooky theory at the time and nothing in science should be taken for granted as truth because there is always, always always, a shakeup on the horizon that will make us question everything. And no era is immune to that- every era has thought itself 鈥渇inally at the truth鈥� and every time we鈥檝e been wrong. As we are now, in ways we can鈥檛 even imagine yet.
September 9, 2021
銉�(掳銆嚶�)锞�
Absolutely brilliant.
More personal notes:
-I tend towards the physical sciences, however even I was able to appreciate the scintillating profundities of this work. As such, I would sincerely recommend this to anyone in any of the sciences due to how it could help them. Though, this is one of the most impactful books of human history in general, so I would reaffirm that position and recommend this to anyone.
-I read this in order to better understand atheism after my exploration of religious texts. Mission accomplished. I now better understand why this work in particular, more so than other developments of science such as the heliocentric model of the solar system by Copernicus or gravity and the laws of motion by Newton, is considered important to the resistance to faith.
-I have learned biology multiple times at various levels growing up. As such, I was aware of Darwin and had considered his ideas enough to know they had much merit. However, reading this book was significantly better than any presentation of the ideas I have experienced in classes, textbooks, or other medium. This may be in large part due to 1. the step by step inductive construction of the ideas rather than the out of context and random deductive presentation in classes, 2. the "down to earth" first hand observations and experiments by Darwin and others are demonstrated and provide a story of sorts, and 3. the questions, issues, and considerations Darwin had in his time, which all lent itself by keeping focus to the fundamentals of his ideas rather than being conflated and mixed with genetics as done when taught today.
While reading, I was amazed by the scope of literature Darwin referenced ranging as far as farming and husbandry, anthropology, archaeology, geography, geology, and history in general. Darwin also did not refrain from going into surgical detail at times. This contributed to how the book, throughout, felt very "down to earth" and practical. As such, the subject matter was also very approachable.
It was interesting to observe Darwin repeatedly run up against modern developments namely surrounding genes. For example, the mechanisms of variability and specificities of inheritance. It is clear that Darwin was at the absolute cutting edge of sciences, and that he evidently set the course for much of 20th century biology through his recognition of the shortcomings and mysteries existent at the time.
Deconstructed: 1. the observations and experiments which led to pieces of evidence, 2. the pieces of evidence themselves, 3. the organization and putting together of all the evidence, 4. the claims made based upon the evidence, and 5. the implications and impact (predictive power) of the claims.
Simply put, this book is not only a masterclass of building up an argument or theory, however it also contains profound ideas beyond life itself.
Absolutely brilliant.
More personal notes:
-I tend towards the physical sciences, however even I was able to appreciate the scintillating profundities of this work. As such, I would sincerely recommend this to anyone in any of the sciences due to how it could help them. Though, this is one of the most impactful books of human history in general, so I would reaffirm that position and recommend this to anyone.
-I read this in order to better understand atheism after my exploration of religious texts. Mission accomplished. I now better understand why this work in particular, more so than other developments of science such as the heliocentric model of the solar system by Copernicus or gravity and the laws of motion by Newton, is considered important to the resistance to faith.
-I have learned biology multiple times at various levels growing up. As such, I was aware of Darwin and had considered his ideas enough to know they had much merit. However, reading this book was significantly better than any presentation of the ideas I have experienced in classes, textbooks, or other medium. This may be in large part due to 1. the step by step inductive construction of the ideas rather than the out of context and random deductive presentation in classes, 2. the "down to earth" first hand observations and experiments by Darwin and others are demonstrated and provide a story of sorts, and 3. the questions, issues, and considerations Darwin had in his time, which all lent itself by keeping focus to the fundamentals of his ideas rather than being conflated and mixed with genetics as done when taught today.
While reading, I was amazed by the scope of literature Darwin referenced ranging as far as farming and husbandry, anthropology, archaeology, geography, geology, and history in general. Darwin also did not refrain from going into surgical detail at times. This contributed to how the book, throughout, felt very "down to earth" and practical. As such, the subject matter was also very approachable.
It was interesting to observe Darwin repeatedly run up against modern developments namely surrounding genes. For example, the mechanisms of variability and specificities of inheritance. It is clear that Darwin was at the absolute cutting edge of sciences, and that he evidently set the course for much of 20th century biology through his recognition of the shortcomings and mysteries existent at the time.
Deconstructed: 1. the observations and experiments which led to pieces of evidence, 2. the pieces of evidence themselves, 3. the organization and putting together of all the evidence, 4. the claims made based upon the evidence, and 5. the implications and impact (predictive power) of the claims.
Simply put, this book is not only a masterclass of building up an argument or theory, however it also contains profound ideas beyond life itself.
Currently reading
January 18, 2025I did not expect to be reading this, but it is on my uni reading list, so here we go!
Only just started but it is accessible and engaging so far!
Only just started but it is accessible and engaging so far!
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