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賲賯丕賵賲鬲 卮賰賳賳丿賴貨 鬲丕乇賷禺 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕賷乇丕賳
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘貙 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇丕 丕夭 乇賵賷 賰丕乇丌賲丿賳 禺丕賳丿丕賳 氐賮賵賷賴 鬲丕 噩賳亘卮賴丕賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賯乇賳 亘賷爻鬲賲 乇丿賷丕亘賷 賲賷 賰賳丿 賵 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賲亘丕丨孬 噩丕乇賷 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻賷 鬲賵爻毓賴貙 丕乇夭賷丕亘賷 噩丿賷丿賷 丕夭 乇賵賷丕乇賵賷賷 丕賷乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 胤賷賮賷 丕夭 賳馗乇賷賴 賴丕賷 毓賱賵賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賵 丕夭噩賲賱賴 賳馗丕賲賴丕賷 噩賴丕賳賷貙 賵丕亘爻鬲诏賷 賵 賮乇賴賳诏 爻賷丕爻賷 丕乇丕卅賴 賲賷 賳賲丕賷丿.
賮賵乇丕賳 賲賷 诏賵賷丿 丕賳賯賱丕亘 1357 丕賷乇丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳 賯丕亘賱 丿乇賰 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.
賮賵乇丕賳 賲賷 诏賵賷丿 丕賳賯賱丕亘 1357 丕賷乇丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳 賯丕亘賱 丿乇賰 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.
- GenresHistory
640 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1993
26 people are currently reading
217 people want to read
About the author
John Foran
13听books10听followersJohn Foran (born 1955) is an American sociologist with research interests in global climate justice; radical social movements, revolutions, and radical social change; Third World cultural studies; and Latin American and Middle Eastern studies. He has a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley and is a professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Selected publications
On the Edges of Development: Cultural Interventions (coeditor, Routledge, 2009)
Revolution in the Making of the Modern World: Social Identities, Globalization, and Modernity (coeditor, Routledge, 2008)
Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions (Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Feminist Futures: Re-imagining Women, Culture and Development (coeditor, Zed Press, 2003);
The Future of Revolutions: Re-thinking Radical Change in the Age of Globalization (ed., Zed Press, 2003);
Theorizing Revolutions (ed., Routledge, 1997);
Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran From 1500 to the Revolution (Westview Press, 1993).
Selected publications
On the Edges of Development: Cultural Interventions (coeditor, Routledge, 2009)
Revolution in the Making of the Modern World: Social Identities, Globalization, and Modernity (coeditor, Routledge, 2008)
Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions (Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Feminist Futures: Re-imagining Women, Culture and Development (coeditor, Zed Press, 2003);
The Future of Revolutions: Re-thinking Radical Change in the Age of Globalization (ed., Zed Press, 2003);
Theorizing Revolutions (ed., Routledge, 1997);
Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation in Iran From 1500 to the Revolution (Westview Press, 1993).
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February 25, 2018
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丕賵賱蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲爻蹖乇 禺賵賳丿賳卮 乇賵 丕蹖賳噩丕 孬亘鬲 讴乇丿賲 賵 丕丿丕賲賴 丿丕丿賲. 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 鬲丿丕賵賲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴.
亘賴賲賳 賲丕賴 郾鄢酃鄱
亘賴賲賳 賲丕賴 郾鄢酃鄱
October 9, 2019
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亘丨孬 賵 賲賳丕夭毓賴 賴丕蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕乇賴 丿乇诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 蹖讴 丕賳賯賱丕亘 "丕爻賱丕賲蹖" 亘賵丿 蹖丕 "丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖" 賵 "鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿"責 丌蹖丕 賮賯胤 丨讴賵賲鬲 诏乇丕賳 毓賵囟 卮丿賳丿責 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳賴丕貙 賲丕賴蹖鬲 賳賯卮 丕賳噩丕賲 卮丿賴 讴丕乇诏乇丕賳貙 賲丨乇賵賲丕賳 卮賴乇蹖貙 丿丕賳卮噩賵蹖丕賳 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 胤亘賯賴 賴丕蹖 賲鬲賵爻胤 賳賵 賵 讴賴賳賴 亘丕夭丕乇貙 賵 氐丕丨亘丕賳 賲卮丕睾賱 乇丿賴 賴丕蹖 亘丕賱丕 賵 乇賵爻鬲丕蹖蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賮賯乇 賵 賲丨乇賵賲蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖乇倬丕 乇賳噩 賲蹖 亘乇丿賳丿貙 趩诏賵賳賴 亘賵丿. 鬲丕孬蹖乇蹖 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 毓賵丕賲賱 禺丕乇噩蹖 賵 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 噩賳亘賴 賴丕蹖 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 賯丕卅賱 卮丿 ... 丿乇讴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿賴丕 賵 倬蹖卮亘乇丿 賲亘丕丨孬蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 丿爻鬲 蹖丕夭蹖丿賴 丕賳丿 丿乇 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丿 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱 丿賯蹖賯 賲賵丕乇丿 賯亘賱蹖 鬲丨賵賱 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕夭 賯乇賳 卮丕賳夭丿賴賲 亘賴 亘毓丿 噩丿丕 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿賱蹖賱卮 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇讴 讴丕賲賱 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 乇丕賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳 丕賳賯賱丕亘 倬丿蹖丿 丌賲丿賳丿 賵 賳蹖夭 丿乇讴 賮乇賴賳诏 賴丕蹖 賲鬲賳賵毓 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賳诏丕賴 丿丕乇賳丿賴 丌賳賴丕 亘丿賵賳 賲毓乇賮鬲 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 丕賱诏賵亘賳丿蹖 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 讴賴 亘丕乇賴丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 乇賵蹖 丿丕丿賴 丕賲讴丕賳 倬匕蹖乇 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿
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丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賴賲丕賳 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賯賵鬲 賵 鬲賵丕賳 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賴丕 乇丕 爻亘亘 卮丿賴貙 卮讴爻鬲 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 賴賲 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲... 丕賳賯賱丕亘賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 賳賵毓 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賲卮乇賵胤蹖鬲 丕蹖乇丕賳 蹖丕 賲賱蹖 讴乇丿賳 氐賳毓鬲 賳賮鬲 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 趩賳丿 胤亘賯賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿賳 賵 卮乇讴鬲 賴賲賴 賲乇丿賲 丿乇 丌賳賴丕 丕亘鬲丿丕 亘賴 孬賲乇 乇爻蹖丿賳丿 丕賲丕 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 丿乇 賳蹖賱 亘賴 賴丿賮賴丕 毓賯蹖賲 賲丕賳丿賳丿 賵 賲丕賱丕 亘賴 卮讴爻鬲 賲賳鬲賴蹖 卮丿賳丿. 夭蹖乇丕 賴賲賴 胤亘賯賴 亘賳丿蹖 賴丕蹖 卮乇讴鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 丿乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘 鬲丕 丌禺乇 亘丕 丌賳 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 賳讴乇丿賳丿 賵 丿乇 賳蹖賲賴 乇丕賴 蹖讴蹖 蹖讴蹖 噩丿丕 卮丿賳丿 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 卮讴爻鬲 禺賵乇丿. 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳貙 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇蹖賴 亘賴 亘毓丿 丿乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 噩賴丕賳蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賴賲蹖賳 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖卮丿賴 讴賴 丕诏乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖 賴賲 丿乇 丨丕賱 噩丕丕賮鬲丕丿賳 賵 亘賴 孬賲乇 賳卮爻鬲賳 亘賵丿賴 亘丕 賲丿丕禺賱賴 亘蹖诏丕賳诏丕賳 賳丕讴丕賲 亘賲丕賳丿
亘丨孬 賵 賲賳丕夭毓賴 賴丕蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕乇賴 丿乇诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 蹖讴 丕賳賯賱丕亘 "丕爻賱丕賲蹖" 亘賵丿 蹖丕 "丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖" 賵 "鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿"責 丌蹖丕 賮賯胤 丨讴賵賲鬲 诏乇丕賳 毓賵囟 卮丿賳丿責 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳賴丕貙 賲丕賴蹖鬲 賳賯卮 丕賳噩丕賲 卮丿賴 讴丕乇诏乇丕賳貙 賲丨乇賵賲丕賳 卮賴乇蹖貙 丿丕賳卮噩賵蹖丕賳 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 胤亘賯賴 賴丕蹖 賲鬲賵爻胤 賳賵 賵 讴賴賳賴 亘丕夭丕乇貙 賵 氐丕丨亘丕賳 賲卮丕睾賱 乇丿賴 賴丕蹖 亘丕賱丕 賵 乇賵爻鬲丕蹖蹖丕賳蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賮賯乇 賵 賲丨乇賵賲蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖乇倬丕 乇賳噩 賲蹖 亘乇丿賳丿貙 趩诏賵賳賴 亘賵丿. 鬲丕孬蹖乇蹖 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 毓賵丕賲賱 禺丕乇噩蹖 賵 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 噩賳亘賴 賴丕蹖 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 賯丕卅賱 卮丿 ... 丿乇讴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿賴丕 賵 倬蹖卮亘乇丿 賲亘丕丨孬蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丌賳賴丕 丿爻鬲 蹖丕夭蹖丿賴 丕賳丿 丿乇 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丿 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱 丿賯蹖賯 賲賵丕乇丿 賯亘賱蹖 鬲丨賵賱 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕夭 賯乇賳 卮丕賳夭丿賴賲 亘賴 亘毓丿 噩丿丕 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿賱蹖賱卮 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇讴 讴丕賲賱 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 乇丕賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳 丕賳賯賱丕亘 倬丿蹖丿 丌賲丿賳丿 賵 賳蹖夭 丿乇讴 賮乇賴賳诏 賴丕蹖 賲鬲賳賵毓 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賳诏丕賴 丿丕乇賳丿賴 丌賳賴丕 亘丿賵賳 賲毓乇賮鬲 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕禺鬲蹖 丕賱诏賵亘賳丿蹖 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 讴賴 亘丕乇賴丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 乇賵蹖 丿丕丿賴 丕賲讴丕賳 倬匕蹖乇 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿
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丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賴賲丕賳 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賯賵鬲 賵 鬲賵丕賳 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賴丕 乇丕 爻亘亘 卮丿賴貙 卮讴爻鬲 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 賴賲 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲... 丕賳賯賱丕亘賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 賳賵毓 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賲卮乇賵胤蹖鬲 丕蹖乇丕賳 蹖丕 賲賱蹖 讴乇丿賳 氐賳毓鬲 賳賮鬲 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 趩賳丿 胤亘賯賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿賳 賵 卮乇讴鬲 賴賲賴 賲乇丿賲 丿乇 丌賳賴丕 丕亘鬲丿丕 亘賴 孬賲乇 乇爻蹖丿賳丿 丕賲丕 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 丿乇 賳蹖賱 亘賴 賴丿賮賴丕 毓賯蹖賲 賲丕賳丿賳丿 賵 賲丕賱丕 亘賴 卮讴爻鬲 賲賳鬲賴蹖 卮丿賳丿. 夭蹖乇丕 賴賲賴 胤亘賯賴 亘賳丿蹖 賴丕蹖 卮乇讴鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 丿乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘 鬲丕 丌禺乇 亘丕 丌賳 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 賳讴乇丿賳丿 賵 丿乇 賳蹖賲賴 乇丕賴 蹖讴蹖 蹖讴蹖 噩丿丕 卮丿賳丿 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 卮讴爻鬲 禺賵乇丿. 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳貙 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇蹖賴 亘賴 亘毓丿 丿乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 噩賴丕賳蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賴賲蹖賳 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖卮丿賴 讴賴 丕诏乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖 賴賲 丿乇 丨丕賱 噩丕丕賮鬲丕丿賳 賵 亘賴 孬賲乇 賳卮爻鬲賳 亘賵丿賴 亘丕 賲丿丕禺賱賴 亘蹖诏丕賳诏丕賳 賳丕讴丕賲 亘賲丕賳丿
July 6, 2020
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丕睾賱亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺鈥屬嗂ж必з� 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲 亘賴 爻丕丿诏蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲丕賯亘賱 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 乇丕 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲禄 賵 诏丕賴 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 禺丕氐 丕蹖乇丕賳禄 賵 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖禄 蹖丕 芦氐賵乇鬲鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖-卮亘丕賳蹖禄 賳丕賲蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丕蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 亘丕 丿乇賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘禺卮 賯亘蹖賱賴鈥屫й� 賵 鬲賵賱蹖丿 氐賳丕蹖毓 丿爻鬲蹖 卮賴乇蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 亘禺卮 讴卮丕賵乇夭蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿貙 亘賴 賳丿乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賲卮禺氐賴鈥屬囏й� 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖 蹖丕賮鬲貙 蹖毓賳蹖 丕卮乇丕賮蹖鬲 賲賵乇賵孬蹖 亘賴 卮讴賱 丨賯賵賯蹖 賵 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 亘蹖诏丕乇蹖 丿乇 丨丿 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賲 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕夭 賳馗丕賲 丕乇亘丕亘 乇毓蹖鬲蹖 賴賲 禺亘乇蹖 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 賵丕讴賳卮 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丕卮讴丕賱丕鬲 趩賳丿蹖賳 賲丨賯賯 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲 賳馗丕賲 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 诏夭蹖賳賴 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 亘賴鬲乇 丕夭 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 蹖讴 卮蹖賵賴 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫ж簇�. 丕賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬� 讴賴 亘禺卮 賵爻蹖毓蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 卮亘丕賳讴丕乇丕賳 趩丕丿乇賳卮蹖賳 鬲卮讴蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屫ж嗀� 賵 亘禺卮 卮賴乇蹖 禺丕乇噩 丕夭 讴賳鬲乇賱 丿賵賱鬲 賳蹖夭 讴丕賲賱丕 亘蹖乇賵賳 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丕賱诏賵 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭辟佖� 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕賯鬲氐丕丿 夭乇丕毓蹖 賴賲 賲丕賱讴蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 禺氐賵氐蹖 賮乇丿蹖貙 丕賲賱丕讴 賵賯賮蹖 賵 讴卮丕賵乇夭丕賳 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 丕賲賱丕讴 禺丕氐賴 爻賱胤賳鬲蹖 丨囟賵乇 丿丕卮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�.
鬲乇讴蹖賴 亘丕 爻乇毓鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 亘賴 爻賲鬲 賲丿乇賳蹖鬲賴 丨乇讴鬲 讴乇丿 賵 鬲賵賮蹖賯丕鬲 賮乇丕賵丕賳蹖 讴爻亘 賳賲賵丿. 賴乇趩賳丿 丕蹖乇丕賳 毓氐乇 乇囟丕卮丕賴 丿乇 賲賯丕蹖爻賴 亘丕 丿賵乇丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇蹖賴 亘賴 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏蹖 賳丕蹖賱 丌賲丿 丕賲丕 亘丕夭 丕夭 爻丕蹖乇 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳賴 賳馗蹖乇 鬲乇讴蹖賴 賵 賲氐乇 丿乇 爻乇丕爻乇 丿賴賴 1930賲/1310卮 亘爻蹖丕乇 毓賯亘 亘賵丿.
乇賵卮賳賮讴乇丕賳 亘丕 丿賵賱鬲 乇囟丕禺丕賳貙 丕夭 丨丕賱鬲 賳禺亘诏丕賳蹖 丿乇 丌賲丿賴 賵 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 丕氐賱蹖 丨乇讴鬲 噩丕賲毓賴 亘賴 爻賲鬲 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇丕 卮讴賱 丿丕丿賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 毓亘丕乇鬲賳丿 丕夭 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖 讴賴 乇囟丕禺丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 蹖丕乇蹖 丿丕丿賳丿貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 亘賴鈥屫� 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 鈥� 丨夭亘 賲丨丕賮馗賴鈥屭┴ж必з� 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丨氐蹖賱鈥屭┴必� 睾乇亘 賵 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賲賱蹖鈥屭必� 賵 胤乇賮丿丕乇 丨丕讴賲蹖鬲 賯丿乇鬲貙 丨夭亘鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 賵 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲 賵 噩賳亘卮 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕乇诏乇蹖 鈥� 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘毓丿賴丕 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 爻賱胤賳鬲 禺賵蹖卮 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 蹖讴丕蹖讴 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 乇爻蹖丿.
趩賳丿 賲丕賴 亘毓丿 (丕夭 賲禺丕賱賮鬲 賲噩賱爻 亘丕 乇蹖丕爻鬲 噩賲賴賵乇蹖 乇囟丕禺丕賳) 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 讴卮鬲賴 卮丿賳 乇丕亘乇鬲 丕蹖賲亘乇蹖 讴賳爻賵賱 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘丕 丨囟賵乇 丿乇 賲乇丕爻賲 賵 氐丨賳賴鈥屫池ж槽� 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿 丨丿丕讴孬乇 亘賴乇賴鈥屫ㄘ必ж臂� 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 禺賵蹖卮 賵 鬲囟毓蹖賮 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 亘賴 毓賲賱 丌賵乇丿. 亘丕 丌賳 讴賴 賯乇丕蹖賳 丨丕讴蹖 丕夭 丿禺丕賱鬲 丕乇鬲卮 丿乇 賯鬲賱 丕蹖賲亘乇蹖 亘賵丿 丕賲丕 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲丕賵蹖夭 丕毓賱丕賲 丨讴賵賲鬲 賳馗丕賲蹖 讴乇丿貙 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖 乇丕 亘丕夭丿丕卮鬲 賳賲賵丿 賵 賲胤亘賵毓丕鬲 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 乇丕 丿乇 賲賵囟毓 丿賮丕毓蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 賳丕鬲賵丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇貙 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丿賲 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 丿賵賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 禺丕乇噩蹖貙 禺丕氐賴 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 蹖讴 诏夭蹖賳賴 賲乇噩丨 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 噩賳丕丨 趩倬 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲 蹖丕 噩賳丕丨 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 乇賴亘乇蹖 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 丿乇丌賲丿.
爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж必з� 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 鬲噩丕乇鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 氐賳毓鬲 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 亘賵丿賳丿 賵 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 丿賵賱鬲 賳丕趩丕乇 亘賵丿 禺賵丿 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳賴 氐賳丕蹖毓 亘夭乇诏 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 讴賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 丿乇爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 蹖讴 賲胤賱亘 丿蹖诏乇 賳蹖夭 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲: 丿乇 爻丕賱 1941賲/1320卮 丕讴孬乇 讴丕乇禺丕賳賴鈥屬囏� 賵 卮乇讴鬲鈥屬囏й� 氐賳毓鬲蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 亘禺卮 禺氐賵氐蹖 鬲毓賱賯 丿丕卮鬲. 趩賳蹖賳 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 讴賴 亘夭乇诏鬲乇蹖賳 讴丕乇禺丕賳賴鈥屫ж必з� 讴卮賵乇 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳 毓賲丿賴貙 亘賱賳丿倬丕蹖诏丕賳 丿賵賱鬲蹖 賵 卮丕蹖丿 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴鈥屬囏й� 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫ж� 亘乇禺丕爻鬲賳丿.
胤亘賯賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲卮讴蹖賱鈥屫囐嗀� 亘丿賳賴 噩賳亘卮鈥屬囏й� 鬲賵丿賴鈥屫й� 賳蹖夭 丿丕乇丕蹖 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕乇夭卮蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 賵 亘毓囟丕 賲鬲賳丕賯囟 亘賴 卮乇丨 夭蹖乇 亘賵丿賳丿: 鬲毓賴丿 倬蹖卮賴鈥屬堌必з� 亘賴 丕爻賱丕賲 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 亘賴 賳馗賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 亘乇丕亘乇蹖鈥屫堌з囏з嗁� 賵 丕卮鬲乇丕讴蹖貙 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 賲禺鬲賱胤 讴丕乇诏乇丕賳 讴賴 丌賲蹖夭賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 丕爻賱丕賲貙 爻賳丿蹖讴丕賱蹖爻賲 賵 賳丕爻蹖賵賳丕賱蹖爻賲 亘賵丿. 賵 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 賲禺鬲賱胤 毓卮丕蹖乇 賵 丕蹖賱丕鬲 亘賴 丕爻賱丕賲貙 爻賱胤賳鬲 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖鈥屫堌з囒� 睾乇蹖夭蹖. 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳鈥屬囏ж� 賳馗丕賲 丕乇夭卮蹖 賳禺亘诏丕賳 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫ж必� 丿蹖賵丕賳鈥屫池з勜ж臂屫� 丕蹖賱禺丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 爻乇丕賳 毓卮丕蹖乇 賵 禺賵丿 丿賵丿賲丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭辟佖� 讴賴 亘乇 乇丕亘胤賴 爻賱爻賱賴 賲乇丕鬲亘蹖 賵 爻賱胤賴 亘賳丕 卮丿賴 亘賵丿.
丌禺乇蹖賳 毓賱賱 卮丕蹖丕賳 匕讴乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 毓亘丕乇鬲賳丿 丕夭 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖 讴賴 乇囟丕禺丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 蹖丕乇蹖 丿丕丿賳丿貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 亘賴 噩丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 鈥� 丨夭亘 賲丨丕賮馗賴鈥屭┴ж必з� 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丨氐蹖賱鈥屭┴必� 睾乇亘 賵 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賲賱蹖鈥屭必� 賵 胤乇賮丿丕乇 丨丕讴賲蹖鬲 賯丿乇鬲貙 丨夭亘鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 賵 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲 賵 噩賳亘卮 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕乇诏乇蹖 鈥� 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘毓丿賴丕 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 爻賱胤賳鬲 禺賵蹖卮 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 蹖讴丕蹖讴 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 乇爻蹖丿.
丕賵 讴賴 亘賴 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 毓賱丕賯賴 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲 鬲賵噩賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 爻乇毓鬲 亘乇 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 賵 鬲賲乇讴夭 賳賴丕丿賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖丿蹖 賵 鬲兀賲蹖賳 賴夭蹖賳賴鈥屬囏й� 丕乇鬲卮 賲毓胤賵賮 讴乇丿. 亘丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖賱爻倬賵 丿乇 亘乇賯乇丕乇蹖 賲丕賱蹖丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 亘乇 鬲賵鬲賵賳 賵 鬲賳亘丕讴賵 賵 讴亘乇蹖鬲 賵 丕賳丨氐丕乇 丿賵賱鬲蹖 亘乇 趩丕蹖 賵 賯賳丿 賵 卮讴乇 賲賵丕賮賯鬲 賵 丕夭 丌賳 倬卮鬲蹖亘丕賳蹖 讴乇丿. 丕蹖賳賴丕 丿乇丌賲丿 讴丕賮蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿賵賱鬲 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 賵 (亘賴 夭蹖丕賳 鬲賴蹖鈥屫池з� 卮賴乇蹖 賵 爻丕蹖乇 賲氐乇賮鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 丕蹖賳 丕賯賱丕賲) 亘賵丿噩賴 賲鬲賵丕夭賳 賲蹖鈥屫簇�.
倬爻 丕夭 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳 乇囟丕禺丕賳貙 蹖讴 乇卮鬲賴 丨賯賵賯 丿蹖诏乇 禺丕乇噩蹖丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲賱睾蹖 诏乇丿蹖丿. 丕夭 丌賳 噩賲賱賴 丨賯 禺丕乇噩蹖丕賳 亘賴 鬲賲賱讴 夭賲蹖賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 乇丕賴鈥屫з嗀ж槽� 賲丿乇爻賴貙 夭賳丕卮賵蹖蹖 亘丕 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖丕賳貙 鬲氐丿蹖 賲賯丕賲鈥屬囏й� 丿賵賱鬲蹖 丿乇 賳馗丕賲 丕丿丕乇蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲爻丕賮乇鬲 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 丕夭 丌賳鈥屬囏� 爻賱亘 卮丿.
丕氐賱丕丨 亘賳蹖丕丿蹖賳 乇囟丕卮丕賴貙 丕蹖噩丕丿 丕乇鬲卮蹖 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 賯丿乇鬲 丿賵賱鬲 乇丕 丿乇 賴賲賴 噩丕 亘賴 丕噩乇丕 丿乇 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丌倬鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫�: 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丿蹖诏乇 乇囟丕卮丕賴蹖 丕夭 讴賵趩讴 鬲丕 亘夭乇诏 丿乇 賲丨丿賵丿賴 賴賲蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫必� 讴賴 亘賴 賳丨賵蹖 丕乇鬲卮 丿乇 丌賳 賳賯卮 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲... 卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 賳丕賲 丕蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲鈥屬囏� 乇丕 芦鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴蹖 賳馗丕賲蹖 亘賴 乇賴亘乇蹖 丿賵賱鬲禄 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲.
亘丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲 诏乇賮鬲賳 夭賲丕賲 丕賲賵乇 丕丿丕乇蹖 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 鬲爻賱胤 亘乇 讴丕亘蹖賳賴 丿賵賱鬲貙 丕賵 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲蹖 乇丕 丌睾丕夭 讴乇丿 讴賴 賲丕賴蹖鬲 丿賵賱鬲 乇丕 亘賴 讴賱蹖 丿诏乇诏賵賳 讴乇丿. 亘賴 噩丕蹖 趩賴丕乇 丕蹖丕賱鬲貙 蹖丕夭丿賴 丕爻鬲丕賳 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 丌賲丿 賵 丕爻鬲丕賳 賳蹖夭 亘賴 卮賴乇 賵 亘禺卮鈥屬囏й� 讴賵趩讴鬲乇 鬲賯爻蹖賲 卮丿. 丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 卮賴乇爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏� 丌夭丕丿蹖 毓賲賱 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿 趩賵賳 賵夭蹖乇 讴卮賵乇 丿乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 卮賴乇丿丕乇丕賳 賵 賲賯丕賲鈥屬囏й� 卮賴乇蹖 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 賴乇趩賳丿 亘賴 賲賵噩亘 賯丕賳賵賳 爻丕賱 1930賲/1309卮 卮賴乇丿丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池嗀� 丿乇丌賲丿賴丕蹖 賲丨賱蹖 乇丕 丿乇 賴賲丕賳噩丕 賴夭蹖賳賴 讴賳賳丿.
丌賳 賯丿乇 讴賴 讴卮賮 丨噩丕亘 丿乇 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲乇丿賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲貙 丿乇 亘蹖 丿蹖賳 讴乇丿賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳 賲賵孬乇 賳亘賵丿. 丕蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲丕鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵丕乇丿 讴賱蹖 禺賱丕氐賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 亘賱讴賴 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丕夭 賲毓賲丕乇蹖 卮賴乇蹖 鬲丕 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�. 賲亘丕乇夭賴 亘丕 胤亘 爻賳鬲蹖貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賱亘丕爻 賵 讴卮賮 丨噩丕亘貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 爻丕禺鬲 卮賴乇 鬲賴乇丕賳 賵 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 賲丨賱蹖 亘乇丕蹖 卮賴乇爻丕夭蹖 噩丿蹖丿貙 賳丕亘賵丿蹖 賲讴鬲亘鈥屫з嗁団€屬囏ж� 賲丨噩賵乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 丕賲丕夭丕丿賴鈥屬囏ж� 賲亘丕乇夭賴 亘丕 毓夭丕丿丕乇蹖 賵 丕賯丿丕賲丕鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿 丿蹖诏乇 賴賲賴 丿乇 乇丕爻鬲丕蹖 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賳 賳馗賲 毓賲賵賲蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 禺賱丕氐賴 丌賳 讴賴 丿賵賱鬲 丕賵 賳馗賲 賲賵噩賵丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 賮乇丕蹖 丨賵夭賴 丕賯鬲丿丕乇 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲孬丕賱 丿乇 丿賴賴 1920賲/1300卮 讴丕賳賵賳 賱賵胤蹖鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丿乇 賲賳丕胤賯 丕胤乇丕賮 鬲賴乇丕賳 丿乇 賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
丕睾賱亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺鈥屬嗂ж必з� 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲 亘賴 爻丕丿诏蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲丕賯亘賱 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 乇丕 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲禄 賵 诏丕賴 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 禺丕氐 丕蹖乇丕賳禄 賵 芦賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖禄 蹖丕 芦氐賵乇鬲鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖-卮亘丕賳蹖禄 賳丕賲蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丕蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 亘丕 丿乇賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘禺卮 賯亘蹖賱賴鈥屫й� 賵 鬲賵賱蹖丿 氐賳丕蹖毓 丿爻鬲蹖 卮賴乇蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 亘禺卮 讴卮丕賵乇夭蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿貙 亘賴 賳丿乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賲卮禺氐賴鈥屬囏й� 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖 蹖丕賮鬲貙 蹖毓賳蹖 丕卮乇丕賮蹖鬲 賲賵乇賵孬蹖 亘賴 卮讴賱 丨賯賵賯蹖 賵 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 亘蹖诏丕乇蹖 丿乇 丨丿 亘爻蹖丕乇 讴賲 亘賵丿賴 賵 丕夭 賳馗丕賲 丕乇亘丕亘 乇毓蹖鬲蹖 賴賲 禺亘乇蹖 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 賵丕讴賳卮 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丕卮讴丕賱丕鬲 趩賳丿蹖賳 賲丨賯賯 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲 賳馗丕賲 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 诏夭蹖賳賴 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丌爻蹖丕蹖蹖 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 亘賴鬲乇 丕夭 賮卅賵丿丕賱蹖爻賲 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 鬲賳賴丕 蹖讴 卮蹖賵賴 鬲賵賱蹖丿 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫ж簇�. 丕賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬� 讴賴 亘禺卮 賵爻蹖毓蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 卮亘丕賳讴丕乇丕賳 趩丕丿乇賳卮蹖賳 鬲卮讴蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屫ж嗀� 賵 亘禺卮 卮賴乇蹖 禺丕乇噩 丕夭 讴賳鬲乇賱 丿賵賱鬲 賳蹖夭 讴丕賲賱丕 亘蹖乇賵賳 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丕賱诏賵 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭辟佖� 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕賯鬲氐丕丿 夭乇丕毓蹖 賴賲 賲丕賱讴蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 禺氐賵氐蹖 賮乇丿蹖貙 丕賲賱丕讴 賵賯賮蹖 賵 讴卮丕賵乇夭丕賳 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 丕賲賱丕讴 禺丕氐賴 爻賱胤賳鬲蹖 丨囟賵乇 丿丕卮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�.
鬲乇讴蹖賴 亘丕 爻乇毓鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 亘賴 爻賲鬲 賲丿乇賳蹖鬲賴 丨乇讴鬲 讴乇丿 賵 鬲賵賮蹖賯丕鬲 賮乇丕賵丕賳蹖 讴爻亘 賳賲賵丿. 賴乇趩賳丿 丕蹖乇丕賳 毓氐乇 乇囟丕卮丕賴 丿乇 賲賯丕蹖爻賴 亘丕 丿賵乇丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇蹖賴 亘賴 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏蹖 賳丕蹖賱 丌賲丿 丕賲丕 亘丕夭 丕夭 爻丕蹖乇 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳賴 賳馗蹖乇 鬲乇讴蹖賴 賵 賲氐乇 丿乇 爻乇丕爻乇 丿賴賴 1930賲/1310卮 亘爻蹖丕乇 毓賯亘 亘賵丿.
乇賵卮賳賮讴乇丕賳 亘丕 丿賵賱鬲 乇囟丕禺丕賳貙 丕夭 丨丕賱鬲 賳禺亘诏丕賳蹖 丿乇 丌賲丿賴 賵 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 丕氐賱蹖 丨乇讴鬲 噩丕賲毓賴 亘賴 爻賲鬲 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇丕 卮讴賱 丿丕丿賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 毓亘丕乇鬲賳丿 丕夭 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖 讴賴 乇囟丕禺丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 蹖丕乇蹖 丿丕丿賳丿貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 亘賴鈥屫� 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 鈥� 丨夭亘 賲丨丕賮馗賴鈥屭┴ж必з� 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丨氐蹖賱鈥屭┴必� 睾乇亘 賵 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賲賱蹖鈥屭必� 賵 胤乇賮丿丕乇 丨丕讴賲蹖鬲 賯丿乇鬲貙 丨夭亘鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 賵 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲 賵 噩賳亘卮 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕乇诏乇蹖 鈥� 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘毓丿賴丕 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 爻賱胤賳鬲 禺賵蹖卮 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 蹖讴丕蹖讴 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 乇爻蹖丿.
趩賳丿 賲丕賴 亘毓丿 (丕夭 賲禺丕賱賮鬲 賲噩賱爻 亘丕 乇蹖丕爻鬲 噩賲賴賵乇蹖 乇囟丕禺丕賳) 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 讴卮鬲賴 卮丿賳 乇丕亘乇鬲 丕蹖賲亘乇蹖 讴賳爻賵賱 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘丕 丨囟賵乇 丿乇 賲乇丕爻賲 賵 氐丨賳賴鈥屫池ж槽� 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿 丨丿丕讴孬乇 亘賴乇賴鈥屫ㄘ必ж臂� 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 禺賵蹖卮 賵 鬲囟毓蹖賮 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 亘賴 毓賲賱 丌賵乇丿. 亘丕 丌賳 讴賴 賯乇丕蹖賳 丨丕讴蹖 丕夭 丿禺丕賱鬲 丕乇鬲卮 丿乇 賯鬲賱 丕蹖賲亘乇蹖 亘賵丿 丕賲丕 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲丕賵蹖夭 丕毓賱丕賲 丨讴賵賲鬲 賳馗丕賲蹖 讴乇丿貙 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖 乇丕 亘丕夭丿丕卮鬲 賳賲賵丿 賵 賲胤亘賵毓丕鬲 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 乇丕 丿乇 賲賵囟毓 丿賮丕毓蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 賳丕鬲賵丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇貙 乇囟丕禺丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丿賲 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 丿賵賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 禺丕乇噩蹖貙 禺丕氐賴 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 蹖讴 诏夭蹖賳賴 賲乇噩丨 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 噩賳丕丨 趩倬 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲 蹖丕 噩賳丕丨 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 乇賴亘乇蹖 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 丿乇丌賲丿.
爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж必з� 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 鬲噩丕乇鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 氐賳毓鬲 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 亘賵丿賳丿 賵 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 丿賵賱鬲 賳丕趩丕乇 亘賵丿 禺賵丿 丿乇 夭賲蹖賳賴 氐賳丕蹖毓 亘夭乇诏 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 讴賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 丿乇爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 蹖讴 賲胤賱亘 丿蹖诏乇 賳蹖夭 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲: 丿乇 爻丕賱 1941賲/1320卮 丕讴孬乇 讴丕乇禺丕賳賴鈥屬囏� 賵 卮乇讴鬲鈥屬囏й� 氐賳毓鬲蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 亘禺卮 禺氐賵氐蹖 鬲毓賱賯 丿丕卮鬲. 趩賳蹖賳 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 讴賴 亘夭乇诏鬲乇蹖賳 讴丕乇禺丕賳賴鈥屫ж必з� 讴卮賵乇 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳 毓賲丿賴貙 亘賱賳丿倬丕蹖诏丕賳 丿賵賱鬲蹖 賵 卮丕蹖丿 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴鈥屬囏й� 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫ж� 亘乇禺丕爻鬲賳丿.
胤亘賯賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲卮讴蹖賱鈥屫囐嗀� 亘丿賳賴 噩賳亘卮鈥屬囏й� 鬲賵丿賴鈥屫й� 賳蹖夭 丿丕乇丕蹖 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕乇夭卮蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 賵 亘毓囟丕 賲鬲賳丕賯囟 亘賴 卮乇丨 夭蹖乇 亘賵丿賳丿: 鬲毓賴丿 倬蹖卮賴鈥屬堌必з� 亘賴 丕爻賱丕賲 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 亘賴 賳馗賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 亘乇丕亘乇蹖鈥屫堌з囏з嗁� 賵 丕卮鬲乇丕讴蹖貙 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 賲禺鬲賱胤 讴丕乇诏乇丕賳 讴賴 丌賲蹖夭賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 丕爻賱丕賲貙 爻賳丿蹖讴丕賱蹖爻賲 賵 賳丕爻蹖賵賳丕賱蹖爻賲 亘賵丿. 賵 爻乇丕賳噩丕賲 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 賲禺鬲賱胤 毓卮丕蹖乇 賵 丕蹖賱丕鬲 亘賴 丕爻賱丕賲貙 爻賱胤賳鬲 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖鈥屫堌з囒� 睾乇蹖夭蹖. 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳鈥屬囏ж� 賳馗丕賲 丕乇夭卮蹖 賳禺亘诏丕賳 夭賲蹖賳鈥屫ж必� 丿蹖賵丕賳鈥屫池з勜ж臂屫� 丕蹖賱禺丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 爻乇丕賳 毓卮丕蹖乇 賵 禺賵丿 丿賵丿賲丕賳 賯丕噩丕乇 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭辟佖� 讴賴 亘乇 乇丕亘胤賴 爻賱爻賱賴 賲乇丕鬲亘蹖 賵 爻賱胤賴 亘賳丕 卮丿賴 亘賵丿.
丌禺乇蹖賳 毓賱賱 卮丕蹖丕賳 匕讴乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賮乇丌蹖賳丿 毓亘丕乇鬲賳丿 丕夭 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 丕夭 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖 讴賴 乇囟丕禺丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 蹖丕乇蹖 丿丕丿賳丿貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 亘賴 噩丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 鈥� 丨夭亘 賲丨丕賮馗賴鈥屭┴ж必з� 賵 乇賵丨丕賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 鬲丨氐蹖賱鈥屭┴必� 睾乇亘 賵 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賲賱蹖鈥屭必� 賵 胤乇賮丿丕乇 丨丕讴賲蹖鬲 賯丿乇鬲貙 丨夭亘鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 賵 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲 賵 噩賳亘卮 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕乇诏乇蹖 鈥� 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘毓丿賴丕 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 爻賱胤賳鬲 禺賵蹖卮 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 蹖讴丕蹖讴 丕蹖賳 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏� 乇爻蹖丿.
丕賵 讴賴 亘賴 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 毓賱丕賯賴 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲 鬲賵噩賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 爻乇毓鬲 亘乇 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 賵 鬲賲乇讴夭 賳賴丕丿賴丕蹖 讴賱蹖丿蹖 賵 鬲兀賲蹖賳 賴夭蹖賳賴鈥屬囏й� 丕乇鬲卮 賲毓胤賵賮 讴乇丿. 亘丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖賱爻倬賵 丿乇 亘乇賯乇丕乇蹖 賲丕賱蹖丕鬲鈥屬囏й� 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 亘乇 鬲賵鬲賵賳 賵 鬲賳亘丕讴賵 賵 讴亘乇蹖鬲 賵 丕賳丨氐丕乇 丿賵賱鬲蹖 亘乇 趩丕蹖 賵 賯賳丿 賵 卮讴乇 賲賵丕賮賯鬲 賵 丕夭 丌賳 倬卮鬲蹖亘丕賳蹖 讴乇丿. 丕蹖賳賴丕 丿乇丌賲丿 讴丕賮蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿賵賱鬲 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 賵 (亘賴 夭蹖丕賳 鬲賴蹖鈥屫池з� 卮賴乇蹖 賵 爻丕蹖乇 賲氐乇賮鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 丕蹖賳 丕賯賱丕賲) 亘賵丿噩賴 賲鬲賵丕夭賳 賲蹖鈥屫簇�.
倬爻 丕夭 乇賵蹖 讴丕乇 丌賲丿賳 乇囟丕禺丕賳貙 蹖讴 乇卮鬲賴 丨賯賵賯 丿蹖诏乇 禺丕乇噩蹖丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲賱睾蹖 诏乇丿蹖丿. 丕夭 丌賳 噩賲賱賴 丨賯 禺丕乇噩蹖丕賳 亘賴 鬲賲賱讴 夭賲蹖賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 乇丕賴鈥屫з嗀ж槽� 賲丿乇爻賴貙 夭賳丕卮賵蹖蹖 亘丕 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖丕賳貙 鬲氐丿蹖 賲賯丕賲鈥屬囏й� 丿賵賱鬲蹖 丿乇 賳馗丕賲 丕丿丕乇蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 丨鬲蹖 賲爻丕賮乇鬲 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 丕夭 丌賳鈥屬囏� 爻賱亘 卮丿.
丕氐賱丕丨 亘賳蹖丕丿蹖賳 乇囟丕卮丕賴貙 丕蹖噩丕丿 丕乇鬲卮蹖 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 賯丿乇鬲 丿賵賱鬲 乇丕 丿乇 賴賲賴 噩丕 亘賴 丕噩乇丕 丿乇 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�. 丌倬鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫�: 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲 丿蹖诏乇 乇囟丕卮丕賴蹖 丕夭 讴賵趩讴 鬲丕 亘夭乇诏 丿乇 賲丨丿賵丿賴 賴賲蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫必� 讴賴 亘賴 賳丨賵蹖 丕乇鬲卮 丿乇 丌賳 賳賯卮 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲... 卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 賳丕賲 丕蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲鈥屬囏� 乇丕 芦鬲噩丿丿禺賵丕賴蹖 賳馗丕賲蹖 亘賴 乇賴亘乇蹖 丿賵賱鬲禄 亘诏匕丕乇蹖賲.
亘丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲 诏乇賮鬲賳 夭賲丕賲 丕賲賵乇 丕丿丕乇蹖 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 鬲爻賱胤 亘乇 讴丕亘蹖賳賴 丿賵賱鬲貙 丕賵 丕氐賱丕丨丕鬲蹖 乇丕 丌睾丕夭 讴乇丿 讴賴 賲丕賴蹖鬲 丿賵賱鬲 乇丕 亘賴 讴賱蹖 丿诏乇诏賵賳 讴乇丿. 亘賴 噩丕蹖 趩賴丕乇 丕蹖丕賱鬲貙 蹖丕夭丿賴 丕爻鬲丕賳 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 丌賲丿 賵 丕爻鬲丕賳 賳蹖夭 亘賴 卮賴乇 賵 亘禺卮鈥屬囏й� 讴賵趩讴鬲乇 鬲賯爻蹖賲 卮丿. 丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 卮賴乇爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏� 丌夭丕丿蹖 毓賲賱 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿 趩賵賳 賵夭蹖乇 讴卮賵乇 丿乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 卮賴乇丿丕乇丕賳 賵 賲賯丕賲鈥屬囏й� 卮賴乇蹖 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 賴乇趩賳丿 亘賴 賲賵噩亘 賯丕賳賵賳 爻丕賱 1930賲/1309卮 卮賴乇丿丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池嗀� 丿乇丌賲丿賴丕蹖 賲丨賱蹖 乇丕 丿乇 賴賲丕賳噩丕 賴夭蹖賳賴 讴賳賳丿.
丌賳 賯丿乇 讴賴 讴卮賮 丨噩丕亘 丿乇 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲乇丿賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲貙 丿乇 亘蹖 丿蹖賳 讴乇丿賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳 賲賵孬乇 賳亘賵丿. 丕蹖賳 丕賯丿丕賲丕鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵丕乇丿 讴賱蹖 禺賱丕氐賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 亘賱讴賴 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 乇丕 卮丕賲賱 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丕夭 賲毓賲丕乇蹖 卮賴乇蹖 鬲丕 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�. 賲亘丕乇夭賴 亘丕 胤亘 爻賳鬲蹖貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賱亘丕爻 賵 讴卮賮 丨噩丕亘貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 爻丕禺鬲 卮賴乇 鬲賴乇丕賳 賵 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 賲丨賱蹖 亘乇丕蹖 卮賴乇爻丕夭蹖 噩丿蹖丿貙 賳丕亘賵丿蹖 賲讴鬲亘鈥屫з嗁団€屬囏ж� 賲丨噩賵乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 丕賲丕夭丕丿賴鈥屬囏ж� 賲亘丕乇夭賴 亘丕 毓夭丕丿丕乇蹖 賵 丕賯丿丕賲丕鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿 丿蹖诏乇 賴賲賴 丿乇 乇丕爻鬲丕蹖 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賳 賳馗賲 毓賲賵賲蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 禺賱丕氐賴 丌賳 讴賴 丿賵賱鬲 丕賵 賳馗賲 賲賵噩賵丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 賮乇丕蹖 丨賵夭賴 丕賯鬲丿丕乇 乇賵丨丕賳蹖鬲 亘乇 賴賲 夭丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲孬丕賱 丿乇 丿賴賴 1920賲/1300卮 讴丕賳賵賳 賱賵胤蹖鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丿乇 賲賳丕胤賯 丕胤乇丕賮 鬲賴乇丕賳 丿乇 賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
March 28, 2014
蹖讴蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕蹖 禺賵亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 讴賴 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲毓丕氐乇 亘毓丿 丕夭 氐賮賵蹖賴 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿.
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 爻賴 亘禺卮 鬲卮讴蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲:
1- 卮乇丨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵賯丕蹖毓貙 亘乇乇爻蹖 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 胤亘賯丕鬲 鬲卮讴蹖賱 丿賴賳丿賴 噩丕賲毓賴
2- 亘乇乇爻蹖 賳賯卮 丕蹖乇丕賳 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 賵 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕夭 賳馗乇 鬲噩丕乇蹖貙 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賳馗丕賲蹖
3- 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 賲賴賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲賯丕胤毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賳馗蹖乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賲卮乇賵胤賴貙 讴賵丿鬲丕蹖 32 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 賵 亘蹖丕賳 賳賯卮 胤亘賯丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮貙 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 丿賵賱鬲貙 賳禺亘诏丕賳 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 禺丕乇噩蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賵賯丕蹖毓
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 讴卮賵乇 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 讴賴 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴 賳馗丕賲 爻乇賲丕蹖賴 丿丕乇蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖貙 賴賲蹖卮賴 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 丿禺丕賱鬲 賵 賳賯卮 禺丕乇噩蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丨丕賱 丕蹖賳 賳賯卮 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 诏丕賴 鬲爻乇蹖毓 讴賳賳丿賴 賵 蹖丕 賲鬲賵賯賮 讴賳賳丿賴 亘丕卮丿.
丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賲賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕夭 賲賳馗乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲毓丕氐乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲蹖 賳诏乇丿.
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 爻賴 亘禺卮 鬲卮讴蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲:
1- 卮乇丨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵賯丕蹖毓貙 亘乇乇爻蹖 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 胤亘賯丕鬲 鬲卮讴蹖賱 丿賴賳丿賴 噩丕賲毓賴
2- 亘乇乇爻蹖 賳賯卮 丕蹖乇丕賳 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 賵 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕夭 賳馗乇 鬲噩丕乇蹖貙 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賳馗丕賲蹖
3- 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 賲賴賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲賯丕胤毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賳馗蹖乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘 賲卮乇賵胤賴貙 讴賵丿鬲丕蹖 32 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 賵 亘蹖丕賳 賳賯卮 胤亘賯丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮貙 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 丿賵賱鬲貙 賳禺亘诏丕賳 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 禺丕乇噩蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賵賯丕蹖毓
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 讴卮賵乇 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 讴賴 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴 賳馗丕賲 爻乇賲丕蹖賴 丿丕乇蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖貙 賴賲蹖卮賴 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 丿禺丕賱鬲 賵 賳賯卮 禺丕乇噩蹖 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丨丕賱 丕蹖賳 賳賯卮 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 诏丕賴 鬲爻乇蹖毓 讴賳賳丿賴 賵 蹖丕 賲鬲賵賯賮 讴賳賳丿賴 亘丕卮丿.
丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賲賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕夭 賲賳馗乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲毓丕氐乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲蹖 賳诏乇丿.
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March 20, 2012丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 亘丕 賳丕賲 賮丕乇爻賷 "賲賯丕賵賲鬲 卮賰賳賳丿賴: 鬲丕乇賷禺 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 丕夭 氐賮賵賷賴 鬲丕 倬爻 丕夭 丕賳賯賱丕亘" 丿乇 亘丕夭丕乇 丕賷乇丕賳 賲賵噩賵丿 賴爻鬲卮 賰賴 亘賴 鬲乇噩賲賴 丕丨賲丿 鬲丿賷賳 賵 亘賴 賵爻賷賱賴 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 乇爻丕 趩丕倬 卮丿賴
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇賵 丕夭 氐賮賵賷賴 鬲丕 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕爻賱丕賲賷 賲賵乇丿 亘乇乇爻賷 賯乇丕乇 賲賷丿賴賵 丕乇夭賷丕亘賷 噩丿賷丿賷 丕夭 乇賵賷乇賵賷賷 丕賷乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 亘賴 賳賲丕賷卮 賲賷匕丕乇賴 亘丕 禺賵賳丿賳 丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 賲賷鬲賵賳賷丿 禺賷賱賷 丕夭 賲卮賰賱丕鬲 賰賳賵賳賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇賵 乇賷卮賴 賷丕亘賷 賰賳賷丿 胤賵乇賷 賰賴 亘鬲賵賳賷丿 亘賴卮賵賳 乇丕賴 丨賱 賴賲 亘丿賷賳
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇賵 丕夭 氐賮賵賷賴 鬲丕 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕爻賱丕賲賷 賲賵乇丿 亘乇乇爻賷 賯乇丕乇 賲賷丿賴賵 丕乇夭賷丕亘賷 噩丿賷丿賷 丕夭 乇賵賷乇賵賷賷 丕賷乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 亘賴 賳賲丕賷卮 賲賷匕丕乇賴 亘丕 禺賵賳丿賳 丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 賲賷鬲賵賳賷丿 禺賷賱賷 丕夭 賲卮賰賱丕鬲 賰賳賵賳賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇賵 乇賷卮賴 賷丕亘賷 賰賳賷丿 胤賵乇賷 賰賴 亘鬲賵賳賷丿 亘賴卮賵賳 乇丕賴 丨賱 賴賲 亘丿賷賳
July 28, 2017
禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賲毓 鬲乇 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘丕蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕蹖 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賲 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賲爻丕蹖賱 丕蹖乇丕賳 乇賵 賵賱蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳賯丿乇 賲賵賯毓 禺賵賳丿賳卮賲 倬爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫藏�!
May 30, 2020
Dr. Foran鈥檚 book, unlike many others on this subject, contains a scientifically-developed analysis of sociopolitical changes in Iran. The recent historical changes have been described adequately using delicately-chosen literature, such as the 鈥渇ragile popular coalition鈥� phrase by which the author explains the nature and source of social movements of Iran over the past centuries. Moreover, regarding world systemic relations, political culture, and modes of production within the society, Dr. Foran has succeeded in establishing a comprehensive framework for future studies. Although the study鈥檚 quality subsides significantly in the 1979-revolution era, I believe this book is one of the best resources for understanding the dynamics of Iranian social movements.
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May 17, 2018丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 賵 賯丕亘賱 鬲丕賲賱 丕爻鬲
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 貙鬲禺賵賱丕鬲 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇丕 丕夭 乇賵賷 賰丕乇 丌賲丿賳 禺丕賳丿丕賳 氐賮賵賷賴 丿乇 佟鄣贍佟賲/侉侉贍卮 鬲丕 噩賳亘卮诰丕賷
丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賯乇賳 亘蹖爻鬲賲 乇丿賷丕亘賷 賲賷 賰賳丿 賵 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賲亘丕丨孬 噩丕乇賷 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻賷 鬲賵爻毓賴貙 丕乇夭 賷丕亘賷 噩丿賷丿賷 丕夭 乇賵賷丕乇賵賷賷
丕賷乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 胤蹖賮賷 丕夭 賳馗乇賷賴 诰丕賷 毓賱賵賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賵 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 賳馗丕賲 诰丕賷 噩诰丕賳賷貙賵丕亘爻鬲诏賷 賵 賮乇诰賳诏 爻蹖丕爻賷
丕乇丕卅賴 賲賷 賳賲丕賷丿.
噩丕賳 賮賵乇丕賳 丕爻鬲丕丿 賷丕乇 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻賷 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賰丕賱蹖賮乇賳蹖丕丿乇 爻丕賳鬲丕 亘丕乇亘丕乇丕 亘丕 毓乇囟賴 賷 鬲賱賮蹖賯 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳 貙 賲賷 诏賵賷丿
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 丨丕氐賱 鬲丕夭賷禺賷 倬賵賷卮诰丕賷 丿丕禺賱賷 賵 禺丕乇噩賷 丕爻鬲 賵 乇賵丕亘胤 賳馗丕賲賷貙 鬲噩丕乇賷 賵 爻蹖丕爻賷 亘丕 睾乇亘 亘賴
诏賵賳賴 丕賷 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 卮賰賱 丿丕丿賴 賰賴 乇卮鬲賴 賳诰囟鬲诰丕賷 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 ((賲乇丿賲賷))乇丕 亘賴 賳賲丕賷卮 诏匕丕乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.賮賵乇丕賳
賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 賰賴 丕賷賳 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 诰丕 亘丿丕賳 丿賱蹖賱 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賳爻亘賷 丿丕卮鬲賴 賰賴 亘乇 夭賷乇 亘賳丕诰丕賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 卮賰賳賳丿诰丕賷 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 卮丿賴
賵 賯丿乇鬲诰丕賷 禺丕乇噩賷 賲丿丕賲 丿乇 丕賲賵乇 丿丕禺賱賷 賲丿丕禺賱賴 賰乇丿賴 丕賳丿.賮賵乇丕賳 賲蹖诏賵賷丿 丕賳賯賱丕亘 佟伲鄣侑 丕賷乇丕賳 鬲賳诰丕 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳
賯丕亘賱 丿乇賰 禺賵丕诰丿 亘賵丿.
丕賷賳 賰鬲丕亘 貙鬲禺賵賱丕鬲 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 乇丕 丕夭 乇賵賷 賰丕乇 丌賲丿賳 禺丕賳丿丕賳 氐賮賵賷賴 丿乇 佟鄣贍佟賲/侉侉贍卮 鬲丕 噩賳亘卮诰丕賷
丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賯乇賳 亘蹖爻鬲賲 乇丿賷丕亘賷 賲賷 賰賳丿 賵 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賲亘丕丨孬 噩丕乇賷 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻賷 鬲賵爻毓賴貙 丕乇夭 賷丕亘賷 噩丿賷丿賷 丕夭 乇賵賷丕乇賵賷賷
丕賷乇丕賳 亘丕 睾乇亘 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 胤蹖賮賷 丕夭 賳馗乇賷賴 诰丕賷 毓賱賵賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賵 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 賳馗丕賲 诰丕賷 噩诰丕賳賷貙賵丕亘爻鬲诏賷 賵 賮乇诰賳诏 爻蹖丕爻賷
丕乇丕卅賴 賲賷 賳賲丕賷丿.
噩丕賳 賮賵乇丕賳 丕爻鬲丕丿 賷丕乇 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻賷 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賰丕賱蹖賮乇賳蹖丕丿乇 爻丕賳鬲丕 亘丕乇亘丕乇丕 亘丕 毓乇囟賴 賷 鬲賱賮蹖賯 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳 貙 賲賷 诏賵賷丿
爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 丕賷乇丕賳 丨丕氐賱 鬲丕夭賷禺賷 倬賵賷卮诰丕賷 丿丕禺賱賷 賵 禺丕乇噩賷 丕爻鬲 賵 乇賵丕亘胤 賳馗丕賲賷貙 鬲噩丕乇賷 賵 爻蹖丕爻賷 亘丕 睾乇亘 亘賴
诏賵賳賴 丕賷 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 卮賰賱 丿丕丿賴 賰賴 乇卮鬲賴 賳诰囟鬲诰丕賷 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 ((賲乇丿賲賷))乇丕 亘賴 賳賲丕賷卮 诏匕丕乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.賮賵乇丕賳
賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 賰賴 丕賷賳 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 诰丕 亘丿丕賳 丿賱蹖賱 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賳爻亘賷 丿丕卮鬲賴 賰賴 亘乇 夭賷乇 亘賳丕诰丕賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 卮賰賳賳丿诰丕賷 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 卮丿賴
賵 賯丿乇鬲诰丕賷 禺丕乇噩賷 賲丿丕賲 丿乇 丕賲賵乇 丿丕禺賱賷 賲丿丕禺賱賴 賰乇丿賴 丕賳丿.賮賵乇丕賳 賲蹖诏賵賷丿 丕賳賯賱丕亘 佟伲鄣侑 丕賷乇丕賳 鬲賳诰丕 丿乇 倬乇鬲賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賷乇丕賳
賯丕亘賱 丿乇賰 禺賵丕诰丿 亘賵丿.
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December 20, 2019賮氐賱 賳賴賲 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 卮讴賳賳丿賴
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
July 17, 2021
In this study, John Foran tried to manifest the transformation of Iran鈥檚 social structure form the rise of the Safavid dynasty in 1501 to the dramatic social movements of 20th century. The book has used five basic approaches to understand the social dynamics of Iran through this period鈥攖he dependency paradigm, world-system theory, modes of production analysis, the nature of the state, and political cultures of opposition and legitimation.
By employing these analytical tools then, Foran concludes that Iranian social structure is the historical product of both internal and external dynamics and that commercial, political, and military relations with the West shaped social arrangements in ways that activated a series of "populist" movements of resistance. He maintains that these movements have been only partially successful because they rested on fragile social bases and because foreign powers have continued to intervene in the country's affairs. In other word, Iranian history has been described as a sequence or series of fragile attempts at social change repeated mass movements which have ended either in foreign intervention, or, in the case of the 1978 revolution, in foreign war and internal repression.
Since the book has been established on a through scientific foundations, the critical analysis of its content requires enough sociological background which is beyond my knowledge. However, only to make some brainstorming, I have to mention that the concept of 鈥渄epended development鈥� was not clear enough. Especially, if you read the book from the perspective of modern economic development theories, you feel the ambiguity of the writer鈥檚 reference to role Iran鈥檚 trade with the West in the development process and despite his account of the existence of monopoly and the absolutist governance, it鈥檚 hard to find the illuminating mechanism through which these factors contribute to Iran鈥檚 underdevelopment. To sum it up, as a student of economics I was personally skeptic regarding the dependency paradigm and World-System Theory by Wallerstein which has been used by Foran in order to explain Iran鈥檚 development process and its relation with the West between 1500 till 1988.
Notwithstanding, I should praise the writer for his attempt to conduct a formal research with great historical information on societal structure of Iran. Surely, reading the 鈥淔ragile Resistance鈥� would deepen one鈥檚 knowledge about Iran鈥檚 history and also, provide profound insights regarding the social factors that shape the history of this great country.
By employing these analytical tools then, Foran concludes that Iranian social structure is the historical product of both internal and external dynamics and that commercial, political, and military relations with the West shaped social arrangements in ways that activated a series of "populist" movements of resistance. He maintains that these movements have been only partially successful because they rested on fragile social bases and because foreign powers have continued to intervene in the country's affairs. In other word, Iranian history has been described as a sequence or series of fragile attempts at social change repeated mass movements which have ended either in foreign intervention, or, in the case of the 1978 revolution, in foreign war and internal repression.
Since the book has been established on a through scientific foundations, the critical analysis of its content requires enough sociological background which is beyond my knowledge. However, only to make some brainstorming, I have to mention that the concept of 鈥渄epended development鈥� was not clear enough. Especially, if you read the book from the perspective of modern economic development theories, you feel the ambiguity of the writer鈥檚 reference to role Iran鈥檚 trade with the West in the development process and despite his account of the existence of monopoly and the absolutist governance, it鈥檚 hard to find the illuminating mechanism through which these factors contribute to Iran鈥檚 underdevelopment. To sum it up, as a student of economics I was personally skeptic regarding the dependency paradigm and World-System Theory by Wallerstein which has been used by Foran in order to explain Iran鈥檚 development process and its relation with the West between 1500 till 1988.
Notwithstanding, I should praise the writer for his attempt to conduct a formal research with great historical information on societal structure of Iran. Surely, reading the 鈥淔ragile Resistance鈥� would deepen one鈥檚 knowledge about Iran鈥檚 history and also, provide profound insights regarding the social factors that shape the history of this great country.
May 5, 2024
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 丕爻鬲鈥�. 倬乇 丕爻鬲 丕夭 丌賲丕乇 賵 丕乇賯丕賲 賵 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 丿乇亘丕乇賴 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳. 亘禺卮鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 乇丕蹖噩 賵 亘丕賵乇賴丕蹖 賲賳 乇丕 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 賵賯丕蹖毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳 丿诏乇诏賵賳 讴乇丿. 丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴鈥屭堎嗁団€屫й� 鬲丨賱蹖賱 賵 鬲胤亘蹖賯 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 丕賳丿蹖卮賲賳丿丕賳 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 噩賲毓鈥屫①堌臂� 賲賵賮賯 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.
April 29, 2024
丕夭 噩賲賱賴 丌孬丕乇蹖賴 讴賴 亘賴鈥屬嗀� 賲賮氐賱蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲毓丕氐乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 亘丕 亘乇禺蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏ж� 賲賵丕賮賯 賳蹖爻鬲賲 丕賲丕 丕夭 丿蹖丿 賲賳 讴丕賲賱鈥屫臂屬� 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丿賵乇賴贁 氐賮賵蹖賴 鬲丕 倬蹖乇賵夭蹖 丕賳賯賱丕亘 鄣鄯卅賴.
July 22, 2020
it was great for me as a person who didn't know anything about modern history of Iran.
actually Mrs.naghshband ,our social sience's teacher in 9th grade refered this book to me.
i get bored at the end of it and i didn't read the last 50 pages of it.i think they were most important ones:)))
i learned that relagion is one thing for power and money not anything else and also i learned that our relagious's leaders were normal people and a little more than a little cruel and dumb and ...
now i know that in my country's history was many modern and good events.i mean we didn't have just backward for example Mashroote revolution was great our women's exercises.
actually Mrs.naghshband ,our social sience's teacher in 9th grade refered this book to me.
i get bored at the end of it and i didn't read the last 50 pages of it.i think they were most important ones:)))
i learned that relagion is one thing for power and money not anything else and also i learned that our relagious's leaders were normal people and a little more than a little cruel and dumb and ...
now i know that in my country's history was many modern and good events.i mean we didn't have just backward for example Mashroote revolution was great our women's exercises.
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