Professor Mohammed Arkoun (Berber: Mu岣mmed Arkun, Arabic: 賲丨賲丿 兀乇賰賵賳鈥�), was an Algerian scholar and thinker of Berber descent. He was considered to have been one of the most influential secular scholars in Islamic studies contributing to contemporary intellectual Islamic reform. In a career of more than 30 years, he had been a critic of the tensions embedded in his field of study, advocating Islamic modernism, secularism, and humanism. During his academic career, he wrote his numerous books mostly in French, and occasionally in English and Arabic. he studied at the Faculty of Literature of the University of Algiers and at the Sorbonne in Paris (Agr茅g茅 in Arabic language and Literature, 1956 and Ph.D., 1968). He established his academic reputation with his studies of the history and philosophy of Ibn Miskawayh. As he began to consider how one might rethink Islam in the contemporary world, his questioning provided a counterpoint to the predominant interpretations of both the Muslim world and the non-Muslim West. As the editor of Arabica, he broadened the journal's scope, and played a "significant" role in shaping Western-language scholarship on Islam (source?). He is the author of numerous books in French, English and Arabic, including most recently: Rethinking Islam (Boulder, Colorado, 1994), L'immigration: d茅fis et richesses (Paris, 1998) and The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought (London, 2002).[2] His shorter studies have appeared in many academic journals and his works have been translated into several languages. He was decorated as an Officer of the French L茅gion d'honneur in July 1996. In 2001, Professor Arkoun was asked to deliver the Gifford Lectures, which enable a notable scholar to contribute to the advancement of theological and philosophical thought and was announced as the recipient of the Seventeenth Georgio Levi Della Vida Award for his lifelong contribution to the field of Islamic Studies. Arkoun taught at the Lyon 2 University (1969鈥�1972), as a professor at the Paris 8 University, and at the New Sorbonne University of Paris (1972鈥�1992). He was a Fellow at Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin (1986鈥�1987 and 1990) and at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A (1992鈥�1993), visiting professor at University of California, Los Angeles (1969), Princeton University (1985), Temple University, the University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, (1977鈥�1979), the Pontifical Institute of Arabic Studies in Rome and the University of Amsterdam (1991鈥�1993) and served as a jury member for the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. At the time of his death he was Emeritus Professor at La Sorbonne as well as Senior Research Fellow and member of the Board of Governors of The Institute of Ismaili Studies (IIS), At IIS, he has taught various graduate courses including unthought in contemporary Islamic thought, rethinking Islam, contemporary challenges of Muslim world and traditions for almost a decade. Arkoun died on the evening of September 14, 2010, in Paris. 亘丕丨孬 賵賲丐乇禺 賵賲賮賰乇 噩夭丕卅乇賷貙 賵賱丿 毓丕賲 1928 賮賷 亘賱丿丞 鬲丕賵乇賷乇鬲 賳 賲賷賲賵賳(丌孬 賷賳賷) 亘賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱賰亘乇賶 丕賱兀賲丕夭賷睾賷丞 亘丕賱噩夭丕卅乇貙 ;賵 丕賳鬲賯賱 賲毓 毓丕卅賱鬲賴 廿賱賶 亘賱丿丞 毓賷賳 丕賱兀乇亘毓丕亍(賵賱丕賷丞 毓賷賳 鬲賲賵卮賳鬲) 丨賷孬 丿乇爻 丿乇丕爻鬲賴 丕賱廿亘鬲丿丕卅賷丞 亘賴丕. 賵兀賰賲賱 丿乇丕爻鬲賴 丕賱孬丕賳賵賷丞 賮賷 賵賴乇丕賳貙 廿亘鬲丿兀 丿乇丕爻鬲賴 丕賱噩丕賲毓賷丞 亘賰賱賷丞 丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賮賷 丕賱噩夭丕卅乇 孬賲 兀鬲賲 丿乇丕爻鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱爻賵乇亘賵賳 賮賷 亘丕乇賷爻.