欧宝娱乐

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丕賱睾乇賮丞 丕賱賲囟賷卅丞: 鬲兀賲賱丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕

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賴賵 "兀賳丕" 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷鬲胤丕亘賯 兀亘丿丕 賲毓 氐賵乇鬲賷貨 賱兀賳 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲亘丿賵 孬賯賷賱丞貙 爻丕賰賳丞貙 毓賳賷丿丞 (賵賱賴匕丕 賷丿毓賲賴丕 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓)貙 賵賴賵 "兀賳丕" 丕賱匕賷 兀亘丿賵 禺賮賷賮丕貙 賲賳賯爻賲丕貙 賲卮鬲鬲丕貙 賰毓賮乇賷鬲 丕賱毓賱亘丞貙 賱丕 兀亘賯賶 爻丕賰賳丕貙 亘賱 賲賴鬲丕噩丕 賮賷 廿賳丕卅賷...

鬲賯丿賲 丕賱氐賵乇丞 毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 鬲禺賷賱賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賱丨馗丞 卮丿賷丿丞 丕賱睾賲賵囟貙 丨賷孬 賱賱丨賯 兀賯賵賱 賱丕 兀賰賵賳 匕丕鬲丕 賵賱丕 賲賵囟賵毓丕貙 賵賱賰賳 亘丕賱兀丨乇賶 匕丕鬲丕 鬲卮毓乇 亘兀賳賴丕 鬲氐賷乇 賲賵囟賵毓丕: 兀毓賷卮 賲賳 孬賲 鬲噩乇亘丞 賲氐睾乇丞 賱賱賲賵鬲...

丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 賴賷 賲孬賱 賲爻乇丨 亘丿丕卅賷貙 賲孬賱 賱賵丨丞 丨賷丞貙 賲孬賱 賲噩丕夭賷丞 丕賱賵噩賴 丕賱爻丕賰賳 丕賱賲禺囟亘 丕賱匕賷 賳乇賶 丕賱賲賵鬲賶 鬲丨鬲賴.

賷賱夭賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 氐丕賲鬲丞 (鬲賵噩丿 氐賵乇丞 氐丕禺亘丞 賱丕 兀丨亘賴丕): 賴賷 賱賷爻鬲 賲爻兀賱丞 "乇氐丕賳丞"貙 賵賱賰賳 賲爻兀賱丞 賲賵爻賷賯賶. 賱丕 賷賲賰賳 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丕賱匕丕鬲賷丞 丕賱賲胤賱賯丞 爻賵賶 賮賷 丨丕賱丞 賲丕貙 賮賷 賲丨丕賵賱丞 噩丕賴丿丞 賱賱氐賲鬲 (廿睾賲丕囟 毓賷賳賰 賴賵 噩毓賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 鬲賳胤賯 賮賷 丕賱氐賲鬲).

賱丕 賷亘丨孬 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱鬲丕卅賴 賲胤賱賯丕 毓賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞貙 賵賱賰賳 賮賯胤 毓賳 賱丨賳賴...

乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲

118 pages, Paperback

First published February 21, 1980

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About the author

Roland Barthes

380books2,476followers
Roland Barthes of France applied semiology, the study of signs and symbols, to literary and social criticism.

Ideas of Roland G茅rard Barthes, a theorist, philosopher, and linguist, explored a diverse range of fields. He influenced the development of schools of theory, including design, anthropology, and poststructuralism.


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Profile Image for Ahmad Sharabiani.
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February 20, 2022
La Chambre Caire: Note sur la photographie = Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography, Roland Barthes

Camera Lucida is a short book published in 1980 by the French literary theorist and philosopher Roland Barthes. It is simultaneously an inquiry into the nature and essence of photography and a eulogy to Barthes' late mother. The book investigates the effects of photography on the spectator (as distinct from the photographer, and also from the object photographed, which Barthes calls the "spectrum").

毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳: 鬲丕賲丕賱丕鬲蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥� 毓讴丕爻蹖禄貨 芦丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳: 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥� 賴丕蹖蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥� 蹖 毓讴丕爻蹖禄貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲貨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮 賵 賳诏乇卮 賲丕賴 丕讴鬲亘乇 爻丕賱2001賲蹖賱丕丿蹖

毓賳賵丕賳: 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳: 鬲丕賲丕賱丕鬲蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥� 毓讴丕爻蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 賮乇卮蹖丿 丌丿乇賳诏貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賲丕賴 乇蹖夭貙 爻丕賱1379貨 丿乇175氐貙 賲氐賵乇貨 卮丕亘讴9647049404貨 賲賵囟賵毓 毓讴丕爻蹖 賴賳乇蹖 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 賮乇丕賳爻賴貨 - 爻丿賴20賲

毓賳賵丕賳: 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳: 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥� 賴丕蹖蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥� 蹖 毓讴丕爻蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳賴: 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 賲毓鬲乇賮貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 趩卮賲賴貙 爻丕賱1380貨 丿乇144氐貙 賲氐賵乇貨 卮丕亘讴9643620077貨

乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲貙 丿乇 倬爻 毓賱丕賯賴鈥� 丕卮 亘賴 毓讴爻 賵 毓讴丕爻蹖貙 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥� 賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕貙 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 芦丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳禄貙 亘賴 乇卮鬲賴鈥� 蹖 賳诏丕乇卮 丿乇丌賵乇丿賴 丕賳丿貨 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿丕乇丕蹖 丿賵 亘禺卮 噩丿丕诏丕賳賴 丕爻鬲貨 丿乇 亘禺卮 丌睾丕夭蹖賳貙 芦亘丕乇鬲禄 讴賵卮卮 丿丕乇丿: 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 毓讴丕爻蹖 乇丕 亘賴 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 亘蹖丕賳貙 賵 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賴乇诏賵賳賴 乇丿賴鈥� 亘賳丿蹖貙 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 賴賳乇 乇丕貙 賳賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 賵 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 丕蹖賳 賳馗賲鈥� 賳丕倬匕蹖乇蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿貨 丿乇 亘禺卮 丿賵賲 芦乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲禄貙 丿乇 倬蹖 丕蹖賳 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴: 亘賴 禺賵蹖卮鬲賳 禺賵蹖卮貙 乇噩賵毓 讴賳賳丿貨 亘賴 賴賲丕賳噩丕蹖蹖 讴賴 爻乇趩卮賲賴鈥� 蹖 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖卮丕賳 丕夭 毓讴爻鈥屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕爻鬲貨

鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 08/12/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 30/11/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
Profile Image for 賴丿賶 賷丨賷賶.
Author听12 books17.7k followers
August 18, 2021

賲丕 賷乇賮毓 賲賳 卮兀賳 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賴賵 丕賱丨亘 .. 丕賱丨亘 丕賱賲賮乇胤
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乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 丕賱賮賷賱爻賵賮 丕賱賮乇賷丿 賲賳 賳賵毓賴
賮賷 睾乇賮鬲賴 丕賱賲囟賷卅丞 卮丿賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賲賷夭
賴賳丕 爻賳乇賶 丕賱氐賵乇丞 鬲丨鬲 丕賱兀囟賵丕亍 丕賱賰丕卮賮丞
兀囟賵丕亍 亘丕乇鬲 .. 賵賱賷爻 爻賵丕賴

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賴賵 "兀賳丕 " 丕賱匕賶 賱丕 賷鬲胤丕亘賯 兀亘丿丕 賲毓 氐賵乇鬲賶
賱兀賳 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲亘丿賵 孬賯賷賱丞..爻丕賰賳丞..毓賳賷丿丞
賵賴賵 "兀賳丕" 丕賱匕賶 兀亘丿賵 禺賮賷賮丕 賲賳賯爻賲丕 賲卮鬲鬲丕
賱丕 兀亘賯賶 爻丕賰賳丕
亘賱 賲賴鬲丕噩丕 賮賷 廿賳丕卅賷 賰毓賮乇賷鬲 丕賱毓賱亘丞
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廿賳賴丕 賲囟丕鬲 賮賰乇賷丞 兀丿亘賷丞 鬲兀賲賱賷丞
匕丕鬲賷丞 鬲賲丕賲丕
賷鬲兀賲賱 亘丕乇鬲 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賵賲丕 鬲卮毓賱賴 亘丿丕禺賱賴 賲賳 丿賴卮丞
賷睾賵氐 廿賱賶 毓丕賱賲 兀亘毓丿 賲賳 賲賰丕賳 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賲賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺
亘丕丨孬丕 毓賳 噩賵賴乇賴丕
賵毓賳 賲睾夭丕賴丕 賮賷 賳賮爻賴

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賯丿 賷丨丿孬 兀賳 兀賰賵賳 賲購乇丕賯亘丕 丿賵賳 兀賳 兀丿乇賷
賵賱賰賳賷 賮賷 兀丨賷丕賳 賰孬賷乇丞 賵亘賲卮賷卅鬲賷 賷鬲賲 鬲氐賵賷乇賷 毓賱賶 丿乇丕賷丞 賲賳賷
亘賷丿 兀賳賷 賲鬲賶 兀卮毓乇 兀賳賳賷 賲購乇丕賯賻亘 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱毓丿爻丞貙 丨鬲賶 賷鬲睾賷乇 賰賱賾 卮賷亍
兀鬲卮賰賾賱 賲賳卮睾賱丕 亘丕鬲禺丕匕 賵囟毓丕 兀賲丕賲 丕賱賰丕賲賷乇丕 貙 兀氐賳毓 賱賳賮爻賷 賮賷 丕賱丨丕賱 噩爻丿丕 丌禺乇
兀鬲丨賵賱 爻賱賮丕 廿賱賶 氐賵乇丞貙 賵兀卮毓乇 兀賳 丕賱氐賵乇丞 鬲賵噩賽丿 噩爻丿賷 賵鬲購賲賷鬲賴貙 賵賮賯丕 廿乇丕丿鬲賴丕 丕賱禺丕氐丞.

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毓賱賶 賲丿丕乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳噩丿 賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 丕禺鬲乇毓賴丕 亘丕乇鬲
賲丕 賷丐賰丿 賲噩丿丿 毓賱賶 匕丕鬲賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵丕賱賰丕鬲亘
賲孬賱 "丕賱亘賵賰賳鬲賵賲" 賵丕賱匕賷 賷胤賱賯賴 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱丞 丕賱賲毓賷賳丞 賮賷 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲孬賷乇 賮賷 賳賮爻賴 卮毓賵乇丕 賲毓賷賳丕
賷丨孬賴 毓賱賶 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 丕賱賲丕孬賱丞 兀賲丕賲賴
"兀賵 亘丿丕禺賱賴 賱賵 鬲丨乇賷賳丕 丕賱丿賯丞"

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賵賱賰賳 賲丕 兀乇賷丿賴 兀賳 賷丿乇賰 賴賵 丕賱賳爻賷噩 丕賱賲毓賳賵賷 丕賱乇賯賷賯貙 賵賱賷爻鬲 丕賱賲丨丕賰丕丞
賮兀賳丕 賱丕 兀毓乇賮 賰賷賮 兀噩爻丿 賲丕 賷噩賷卮 賮賷 賳賮爻賷
兀賯乇乇 兀賳 兀丿毓 丕亘鬲爻丕賲丞 禺賮賷賮丞 鬲胤賮賵 毓賱賶 卮賮鬲賷 賵賮賷 毓賷賳賷 兀乇賷丿 賱賴丕 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 睾丕賲囟丞
亘丨賷孬 兀毓亘乇 賮賷 丌賳 賵丕丨丿 毓賳 禺氐丕卅氐 胤亘賷毓鬲賷 賵丿乇丕賷鬲賷 丕賱爻丕禺乇丞 亘賰賱 胤賯賵爻 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕
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賷乇賶 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 兀賳 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 兀賯乇亘 賱賱賲爻乇丨
賱丕 賱賱乇爻賲
賵丕賱乇丕亘胤 亘賷賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賵丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 賴賵 丕賱賲賵鬲 賮賷 賳馗乇賴貙 丨賷孬 賷乇賶 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕
賲鬲氐賱丞 亘賮賰乇丞 丕賱亘毓孬 ...
鬲亘賯賶 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丨賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱兀亘丿

賲賳 丕賱賲賯丕胤毓 丕賱鬲賷 賱賮鬲鬲 賳馗乇賷 氐賵乇丞 賱卮丕亘 賷賳鬲馗乇 廿毓丿丕賲賴 卮賳賯丕 賵鬲毓賱賷賯 亘丕乇鬲 毓賱賷賴丕
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爻賵賮 賷賲賵鬲貙 賴賰匕丕 兀賯乇兀 賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱賵賯鬲: 賴匕丕 賲丕 爻賵賮 賷賰賵賳 賵賴匕丕 賲丕 賰丕賳
兀賱丕丨馗 亘乇毓亘 賲爻鬲賯亘賱 爻丕亘賯 丨賷孬 丕賱賲賵鬲 賴賵 丕賱乇賴丕賳貙 亘廿毓胤丕卅賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 丕賱賲胤賱賯 賱賱賵囟毓 丕賱賲亘賴賲
鬲乇賵賷 賱賷 丕賱氐賵乇丞 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲 賮賷 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱
賲丕 賷丐賱賲賳賷 賴賵 丕賰鬲卮丕賮賷 賱賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賰丕賮丐貙 兀賲丕賲 氐賵乇丞 兀賲賷 賵賴賷 胤賮賱丞
賯賱鬲 賱賳賮爻賷: 爻賵賮 鬲賲賵鬲貙 丕乇鬲毓丿鬲 賲孬賱 丕賱賲乇賷囟 丕賱毓賯賱賷 賲賳 丕賱賮丕噩毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿孬鬲 亘丕賱賮毓賱
爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳 丕賱卮禺氐 賮賷 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賲丕鬲 亘丕賱賮毓賱 兀賲 賱丕貙 賰賱 氐賵乇丞 賴賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賮丕噩毓丞
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兀禺鬲鬲賲 亘賴匕丕 丕賱丕賯鬲亘丕爻 丕賱賮乇賷丿

賱乇丐賷丞 夭噩丕噩丞 賲氐賵乇丞 .. 賮乇毓 爻賵爻賳丞 .. 丿噩丕噩丞 兀賵 賯氐乇
賱丕 賷賱夭賲 廿賱丕 丕賱賵丕賯毓貙 賵賱賰賳 兀賳 鬲乇賶 噩爻丿丕貙 賵噩賴丕貙 賵賱丕 爻賷賲丕 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘 賱卮禺氐 賲丨亘賵亘責
賮亘賲丕 兀賳 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 (賮賷 噩賵賴乇賴丕) 鬲賵孬賯 賵噩賵丿 卮禺氐 賲丕貙 賮兀乇賷丿 兀賳 兀毓孬乇 毓賱賷賴 亘丕賱賰丕賲賱
兀毓賳賷 兀爻鬲毓賷丿賴 賮賷 噩賵賴乇賴 "賲孬賱賲丕 賴賵 賮賷 匕丕鬲賴"貙 兀亘毓丿 賲賳 賲噩乇丿 丕賱卮亘賴貙 賴賳丕 鬲氐亘丨 爻胤丨賷丞 丕賱氐賵乇丞 兀賰孬乇 廿賷賱丕賲丕
賱兀賳賴 賱賷爻 亘賲賯丿賵乇賴丕 兀賳 鬲爻鬲噩賷亘 賱乇睾亘鬲賷 丕賱丨賲賯丕亍 廿賱丕 亘卮賷亍 賱丕 賷賵氐賮
噩賱丕亍 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賴賵 賯丕賳賵賳賴丕 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賷賰賵賳 亘毓賷丿 丕賱丕丨鬲賲丕賱貙 賱丕 兀爻鬲胤賷毓 廿孬亘丕鬲賴
賴匕丕 丕賱卮賷亍 賴賵 "丕賱爻賷賲丕亍"

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August 9, 2017
丿乇 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 倬賳噩 賮賵乇蹖賴 爻丕賱 賴夭丕乇 賵 賳賴氐丿 賵 賴卮鬲丕丿貙 囟蹖丕賮鬲 賳丕賴丕乇 亘賴 丿毓賵鬲 噩讴 賱丕賳诏貙 賵夭蹖乇 賮乇賴賳诏 賮乇丕賳爻賴 丿乇 倬丕乇蹖爻 亘乇诏夭丕乇 卮丿賴 亘賵丿. 丕蹖賳 囟蹖丕賮鬲貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 讴賲倬蹖賳蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丨賲丕蹖鬲 丕夭 丨夭亘 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 賮乇丕賳爻賴 亘乇丕蹖 卮乇讴鬲 丿乇 丕賳鬲禺丕亘丕鬲 爻丕賱 倬蹖卮鈥屫辟� 亘賵丿 讴賴 鬲毓丿丕丿 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 賵 乇賵卮賳賮讴乇丕賳 賲胤乇丨 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 丌賳 丨囟賵乇 丿丕卮鬲賳丿鈥�.

亘毓丿 丕夭 倬丕蹖丕賳 賲乇丕爻賲貙 丿乇 丨丿賵丿 爻丕毓鬲 倬賳噩 毓氐乇貙 亘丕乇鬲 讴賴 丿乇氐丿丿 毓亘賵乇 丕夭 禺蹖丕亘丕賳 亘賵丿貙 丕亘鬲丿丕 亘賴 爻賲鬲 趩倬 賵 亘丕 丕賳丿讴蹖 賲讴孬 亘賴 爻賲鬲 乇丕爻鬲 禺蹖丕亘丕賳 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿貙 賴乇 趩賳丿 丕蹖賳 丿乇賳诏貙 賲丕賳毓 丕夭 丌賳 賳卮丿 讴賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 賳鬲賵丕賳丿 禺賵丿乇賵 賵賳 乇丕 亘亘蹖賳丿 賵 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 亘毓丿貙 亘丕 亘蹖賳蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 賵 禺賵賳鈥屫①勝堌� 乇賵蹖 禺蹖丕亘丕賳 丕賮鬲丕丿. 爻丕毓丕鬲蹖 亘毓丿 賳丕卮乇 丌孬丕乇 亘丕乇鬲 丕毓賱丕賲 讴乇丿 讴賴 丕賵 丿乇 賵囟毓蹖鬲 倬丕蹖丿丕乇 賵 賲賳丕爻亘蹖 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿 賵 噩丕蹖蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 賳蹖爻鬲鈥�.

亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 丿賵賲丕賴賽 賲賳鬲賴蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 鬲氐丕丿賮貙 亘賴 鬲讴賲蹖賱 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏й屫� 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 亘賵丿 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 讴賴 丕夭 鬲丕夭賴鈥屫臂屬� 丕孬乇卮 "丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳" 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 丿乇 丨丕賱鬲蹖 丕夭 禺卮賲 賵 賳丕丕賲蹖丿蹖 亘賴 爻乇 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必�. 丕蹖賳 鬲丕夭賴鈥屫臂屬� 丕孬乇 讴賴 丕賱亘鬲賴 丌禺乇蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘丕乇鬲 亘賵丿貙 蹖讴 丕孬乇 賳爻亘鬲丕 丕毓鬲乇丕囟蹖 賴賲 亘賵丿貙 夭蹖乇丕 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賳賵卮鬲賴 亘賵丿 賳賴 蹖讴 亘丨孬 鬲卅賵乇蹖讴賽 氐乇賮 賵 賳賴 蹖讴 丕孬乇 丌賵丕賳诏丕乇丿賽 倬爻鬲鈥屬呚辟� 亘賵丿 賵 賳賴 丨鬲蹖 亘賴 鬲丕乇蹖禺趩賴 蹖丕 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屫促嗀ж驰屬� 毓讴丕爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж�. 丿乇 毓賵囟 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 蹖讴 丕孬乇 卮禺氐蹖 賵 卮丕蹖丿 爻丕賳鬲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀з� 賵 丕丨爻丕爻蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕夭 趩賴賱 賵 賴卮鬲 賯胤毓賴 睾賲鈥屫з嗂屫� 鬲卮讴蹖賱 卮丿賴 亘賵丿鈥�.

賴乇趩賳丿 乇賵蹖讴乇丿 爻賵亘跇讴鬲蹖賵 亘丕乇鬲貙 爻丕賱賴丕 賯亘賱 亘丕 趩丕倬 讴鬲丕亘 "乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 亘賴 乇賵丕蹖鬲 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲" 丿乇 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏� 賵 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й� 賵蹖 賯丕亘賱 乇賵蹖鬲 亘賵丿貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇賵蹖讴乇丿 爻賵亘跇讴鬲蹖賵 賮丕氐賱賴 丿丕卮鬲. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 賳卮丕賳 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丕夭 乇賵蹖讴乇丿 爻丕禺鬲丕乇诏乇丕蹖丕賳賴 賵 賳卮丕賳賴鈥屫促嗀ж驰� 亘丕乇鬲 賴賲 亘賴 趩卮賲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌必�. 亘賱讴賴 讴鬲丕亘貙 丌賲蹖夭賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 丕賳丿賵賴 賵 毓卮賯 賵 睾賲 亘賵丿 讴賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 蹖丕丿亘賵丿 賲丕丿乇卮 讴賴 亘賴 鬲丕夭诏蹖 丕夭 丿賳蹖丕 乇賮鬲賴 亘賵丿 賳賵卮鬲賴 亘賵丿鈥�.

丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 蹖讴 丕孬乇 毓噩蹖亘 賵 睾乇蹖亘 賵 禺丕乇賯鈥屫з勜关ж� 丕爻鬲 丿乇 丿乇 胤蹖 趩賴賱 爻丕賱 丕夭 丕賵賱蹖賳 趩丕倬卮 鬲賵丕賳爻鬲賴 亘賴 丕孬乇蹖 賲乇讴夭蹖 丿乇 丨賵夭賴 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 毓讴丕爻蹖 亘丿賱 卮賵丿. 賴蹖趩 讴鬲丕亘蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 夭賲蹖賳賴貙 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 丕孬乇诏匕丕乇 賵 賳丕賮匕 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 賲丕賴蹖鬲 丕蹖賳 鬲丕孬蹖乇诏匕丕乇蹖 丿乇 趩蹖爻鬲責 趩賴 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭屫臂屬呚� 讴鬲丕亘 蹖賯蹖賳丕 亘丨孬 噩丕賲毓蹖 丿乇 亘丕亘 毓讴丕爻蹖 丕乇丕卅賴 賳賲蹖丿賴丿. 亘丕乇鬲 賴蹖趩 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 鬲讴賳蹖讴鈥屬囏й� 毓讴丕爻蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 丨鬲蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 毓讴丕爻 丌賲丕鬲賵乇 賴賲 丿乇 賳馗乇 賳賲蹖鈥屭屫必�. 丨鬲蹖 丌賳鈥屭堎嗁� 讴賴 賴賳乇 倬爻鬲鈥屬呚辟� 丿乇 倬蹖 丌賳 丕爻鬲貙 亘丕乇鬲 亘賴 乇賳诏鈥屬囏� 賵 夭賵丕蹖丕蹖 鬲丕亘卮 賳賵乇 賴蹖趩 鬲賵噩賴蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 丕蹖賳 賵馗蹖賮賴 乇丕 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屫促嗀ж驰� 賲丨賵賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丿乇 噩賲賱賴鈥屫й� 爻禺鬲 讴賳丕蹖蹖 丕蹖賳趩賳蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 "亘乇丕蹖 禺賵亘 丿蹖丿賳 毓讴爻 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 丌賳 乇賵 亘诏乇丿丕賳蹖 蹖丕 趩卮賲丕賳 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘乇 丌賳 亘亘賳丿蹖.鈥�"

倬爻 亘丕乇鬲 賵賯鬲蹖 亘賴 毓讴爻 賳诏丕賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 趩蹖爻鬲責 丕賵 丕夭 丿賵 賲賮賴賵賲 丕爻丕爻蹖 丿乇 賴乇 毓讴爻 爻禺賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫�. 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賵賱 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 丕爻鬲. 蹖毓賳蹖 夭賲蹖賳賴 毓讴爻 讴賴 卮丕賲賱 賴乇 趩蹖夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖貙 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賵 賴賳乇蹖 丿乇 毓讴爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 賲賮賴賵賲 丿賵賲 丌賳 夭禺賲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 毓讴爻 亘賴 亘蹖賳賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀� 賵 亘丕乇鬲 丌賳 乇丕 倬賵賳讴鬲蹖賵賲 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呚�. 丕蹖賳 賴賲丕賳 毓賳氐乇蹖 丿乇 毓讴爻 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 乇丕 噩匕亘 蹖讴 毓讴爻 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賵 亘丕乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 毓讴爻鈥屬囏ж� 賮丕賯丿 毓賳氐乇 倬賵賳讴鬲蹖賵賲 賴爻鬲賳丿鈥�.

亘丕乇鬲 賳賵卮鬲賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 倬爻 丕夭 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賳 賲丕丿乇卮 讴賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丕 丕賵 爻倬乇蹖 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 丌睾丕夭 讴乇丿. 丕賵 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 賲丕丿乇 禺賵丿 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 毓讴爻鈥屬囏й� 賯丿蹖賲蹖 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 賲噩賲賵毓賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 毓讴爻鈥屬囏� 賲賵賮賯 卮丿 毓讴爻 丿乇爻鬲 乇丕 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳丿. 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲丕丿乇卮 丿乇 爻賳 倬賳噩 爻丕賱鈥屭� 丿乇 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 讴賵丿讴蹖 禺乇丿爻丕賱 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇 亘丕睾蹖 夭賲爻鬲丕賳蹖 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿. 亘賴 鬲毓亘蹖乇蹖 倬乇賵爻鬲鈥屬堌ж必� 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 蹖丕丿亘賵丿蹖 丕夭 賲丕丿乇卮 丿乇 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 诏匕卮鬲賴 亘賵丿. 丕夭 丌賳噩丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘丕乇鬲 乇丕賵蹖 賴賵卮賲賳丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 乇丕 亘賴 賲丕 賳卮丕賳 賳賲蹖丿賴丿 "丕蹖賳 賮賯胤 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貙 亘乇丕蹖 卮賲丕 賮賯胤 蹖讴 毓讴爻 賲孬賱 丿蹖诏乇 毓讴爻鈥屬囏ж池�.鈥�"

丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 丕賱亘鬲賴 亘丕 毓讴爻 亘丕睾 夭賲爻鬲丕賳蹖 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 賳丕诏賴丕賳 賴乇 毓讴爻 亘乇丕蹖 亘丕乇鬲 亘賴 蹖讴 蹖丕丿亘賵丿 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕賵 丿乇 鬲毓亘蹖乇蹖 鬲乇爻賳丕讴 趩賳蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� "賴乇 毓讴丕爻 讴丕乇诏夭丕乇 賲乇诏 丕爻鬲." 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丿乇 賴乇 毓讴爻 爻讴賵賳蹖 蹖丕賮鬲 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 賳爻亘鬲蹖 毓賲蹖賯 亘丕 賲乇诏 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲孬丕賱 毓讴爻蹖 丕夭 蹖讴 噩賵丕賳 夭蹖亘丕蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖丿賴丿 讴賴 亘賴 噩乇賲 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 鬲乇賵乇 賵夭蹖乇 丕賲賵乇 禺丕乇噩賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕貙 丿乇 夭賳丿丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 爻丕毓鬲蹖 亘毓丿 丕毓丿丕賲 卮賵丿. 亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿 丿乇 丕蹖賳鈥屫� 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲貙 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 趩賴乇賴 噩賵丕賳 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 倬賵賳讴鬲蹖賵賲 蹖丕 賴賲丕賳 毓賳氐乇 夭禺賲蹖 丕孬乇貙 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 噩賵丕賳 禺賵丕賴丿 賲乇丿. 丕賵 賲乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘丕乇鬲 丕蹖賳 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻 夭賲丕賳蹖 乇丕 賴乇丕爻賳丕讴 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�. 讴鬲丕亘 丕賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 噩丕 亘賴 亘毓丿貙 氐丿丕蹖蹖 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫� 賲蹖鈥屫囏�. 亘丕乇鬲 亘丕 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇蹖 丕賳丿賵賴 亘丕乇 賲丨丕氐乇賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇蹖 讴賴 丕夭 乇丕賴賴丕蹖蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇貙 爻讴賵賳蹖 亘賴 爻賲鬲 賲乇诏 乇丕 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀€�.

丕賲丕 丿乇賳賴丕蹖鬲 丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 趩诏賵賳賴 亘乇 賲禺丕胤亘 丕孬乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必� 賳賮賵匕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇 賲禺丕胤亘 賯胤毓丕 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 倬蹖賵賳丿 毓讴丕爻蹖 亘丕 賲乇诏 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 丕賳丿賵賴 賵 爻讴賵賳 賵 賲乇诏 蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賴乇 毓讴爻蹖 讴賴 夭禺賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀� 賳爻亘鬲蹖 亘丕 賴賲丿乇丿蹖 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賴賲丿乇丿蹖貙 賴賲丕賳 丨丕賱鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳蹖趩賴 乇丕 倬爻 丕夭 賲卮丕賴丿賴 乇賳噩 蹖讴 丕爻亘貙 亘賴 噩賳賵賳 乇賴賳賲賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌€�.

亘丕乇鬲貙 丨丿賵丿 蹖讴 賲丕賴 倬爻 丕夭 丕蹖賳 鬲氐丕丿賮貙 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿. 丕賵 讴賴 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 賮卮丕乇 禺賵賳 亘丕賱丕 丿乇 亘蹖賲丕乇爻鬲丕賳 亘爻鬲锟斤拷蹖 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 丿乇 噩賲毓 丿丕賳卮噩賵蹖丕賳 禺賵丿貙 氐丨亘鬲蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 丿丕卮鬲 賵 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳 賵囟毓蹖鬲 噩爻賲蹖 丕賵 乇賵 亘賴 賵禺丕賲鬲 诏匕丕卮鬲 賵 爻丕毓丕鬲蹖 亘毓丿 丕夭 丿賳蹖丕 乇賮鬲. 丌禺乇蹖賳 丿爻鬲賳賵卮鬲賴 丕賵 乇賵蹖 賲蹖夭 讴丕乇卮貙 賲賯丕賱賴鈥屫й� 丿乇 亘丕乇賴 丕爻鬲丕賳丿丕賱 亘賵丿 鬲丨鬲 丕蹖賳 毓賳賵丕賳 讴賴 "蹖讴蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 丕夭 丌賳賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 毓丕卮賯鈥屫簇з� 亘賵丿賴 丨乇賮 亘夭賳丿.鈥�"

讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘丕 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 夭蹖亘丕蹖 禺丕賳賲 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 賲毓鬲乇賮 禺賵丕賳丿賲. 爻倬丕爻 丕夭 鬲賱丕卮 丕蹖卮丕鈥�.

Profile Image for Steven Godin.
2,749 reviews3,170 followers
June 14, 2023

In Camera Lucida, literary theorist, philosopher, and linguist Roland Barthes attempts to find the essence of photography and how photography affects him as the spectator of photographs. It also serves as a poignant eulogy to his mother, who passed away in 1977, and he shows a grieving pain that is reflected throughout Camera Lucida. Barthes himself lost his life three years later, after being knocked down by a van whilst walking to his Parisian home.

Barthes approaches his analysis of photography in two parts - he first focuses on defining a structuralist approach to finding the essence of photography before he evaluates the photographic referent, and how photography is somehow representative of death - the 'past reality'. He even describes photographers as agents of death, and whilst looking for his mother in old photos he always reminds the reader that this essay carries with it a more personal evaluation.

In short - it is a book about photography, but one linked with the subjects of love and grief.

Although Camera Lucida is seen as a highly influential book on the subject. it's overall nature remains somewhat obscure, just what exactly does one learn from reading it? Barthes certainly shrinks from being comprehensive, with no interest in the actual techniques of photography, in arguments over its status as art, nor really in its role in contemporary media or culture.

What, then, was Barthes looking for when he studied certain photographs? he goes about elaborating a distinction between two planes of the image. The first, which he calls the studium, is the manifest subject, meaning and context of the photograph: everything that belongs to history,
culture, and even to art. The second he calls the punctum: that aspect, often a small detail, of a photograph that holds our gaze without condescending to mere meaning or beauty.

For all his dense philosophizing, he does embrace the subject matter with much heartache, making Camera Lucida a deeply moving read. The old photographs that are appear every so often, gives the sense that for Barthes its like a memorial, the very essence of the medium is its spectral conjuring of death-in-life. In fiction, the late WG Sebald owed a profound debt to Camera Lucida; in Austerlitz, the protagonist's search for an image of his lost mother is clearly modelled on Barthes's desire for a glimpse of 'the unique being'.

Ultimately, Camera Lucida is not the definitive reappraisal of photography that was probably expected by many a reader. It doesn't reveal itself to be the long-sought grammar of photographs. It is though intimate and soul-stirring, not just academic and theoretical, as Barthes bites into photography like Proust into a madeleine, and the result is an intricate, quirky, and affecting meditation, fusing together photography and death.
Profile Image for 尝耻铆蝉.
2,277 reviews1,179 followers
July 28, 2023
Thanks to Roland Barthes!
He made me understand what photography is in its natural dimension, beyond technique. It is a state of mind. The device only extends the eye. The important thing is to learn to SEE before handling the lens, affirm a REGARD that arises on the mundane things of life, and feel a framing that questions! Dig a surprising subject! Watch intelligence and build a deep, self-evident image. The unique one!
Instinct turns out to be a visual set-top box, creativity a sensor of every moment, living a natural photographic trance! The "film" or digital photo? It's constant apnea for all the senses.
Profile Image for David.
200 reviews625 followers
August 21, 2013
For Barthes, every photograph, rather than being a representation, is an expression of loss. The photograph, like all art which precedes it, attempts to eternalize its subject, to imbue it with life-forever, to blend the beautiful with the infinite; but it fails, it reminds us only of mortality (death is the mother of beauty). Try though it may, and despite its resemblance to life, the photo can never extend a life which is lost, or a life which is passing.
I had understood that henceforth I must interrogate the evidence of Photography, not from the viewpoint of pleasure, but in relation to what we romantically call love and death.

I think of the vain art of aesthetic preservation at the end of Lolita: "I am thinking of aurochs and angels, the secret of durable pigments, prophetic sonnets, the refuge of art. And this is the only immortality you and I may share, my Lolita." Humbert has failed to give his Lolita immortality, she is dead and gone from him forever, even when her life remains throbbing in her veins, Humbert's Lolita is dead to him, passed, and that is the effect of photography: a vain snatch at passing beauty. For Barthes, the photograph is irrevocably the servant of Time, the momentary click of the photographic instrument is the shuddering tick of time, as the photograph-frozen object dies away - the object that-has-been (莽补-补-茅迟茅) dies away every indivisible moment and is born over in what-is-now. Barthesian Time, for the photograph, is instant death. What has been photographed can never occur exactly the same way, for that momentary coincidence is past, but in the photograph it is falsely repeated infinitely. Every photograph is an epitaph.

For Walter Benjamin too, as with his successor Barthes, the clicking-photo and the ticking-time are inseparable melodies of the same fugue. He tells us: "...image is dialectics at a standstill. For while the relation of the present to the past is a purely temporal, continuous one, the relation of what-has-been to the now is dialectical..." The image exists extemporally, but it is helplessly pinioned to the edifice of time. Every momentary photo has a following moment which is unphotographed, and another and another through infinite moments until Now. From the singular snap of the camera, there is an infinity of moments, a constant constellation across time, bridging the distance between what-is and what-was. And as Barthes notes, that distance is immeasurable, it is infinite: you can never retrieve, never relive, that which has passed, that which is gone, that which is dead. The shock, the punctum of a photo, is a "posthumous shock" as indentified by Benjamin:
Of the countless movements of switching, inserting, pressing and the like, the 'snapping' of the photographer has had the greatest consequences. A touch of the finger now sufficed to fix an event for an unlimited period of time. The camera gave the moment a posthumous shock, as it were.

Throughout, Barthes provides us with a number of photographs which touch, or fail to touch, him. No matter the photographic subject: political, journalistic, personal, professional or amateur: Barthes approaches each with a reverence and solemnity, like a man walking through a cemetery: head downcast, hands intertwined, heart in his throat. Despite the many provided photographic examples, the photo which moves Barthes, and which most moves the reader, is not included, and it exists to us only in Barthes' words: the photo of his mother as a child. This photograph belongs to a history which excludes him, which is totally unfamiliar to his image-repertoire because it is outside of Time as he knows it. This image is a private history, but a privacy which is removed from his own, irremediably by time and space. And he sees in her image that-which-was and simultaneously that which has died and that which is going to die. The girl in the photo is gone, but the woman she has become has a limited mortality of her own, and the photo is a death-knell calling her to the grave, calling her back to the history which she has left behind her.
In front of the photograph of my mother as a child, I tell myself: she is going to die: I shudder, like Winnicott鈥檚 psychotic patient, over a catastrophe which has already occurred. Whether or not the subject is already dead, every photograph is this catastrophe.
Every photo is a commingling of love and death, a realm of life lost and life left for losing. There is a beauty in life which is lost when it pinned down in art, art of any kind, but especially Photography. While literature, painting, drawing, music, all take life and attempt to pin it down, they also add something that life hadn't had before. In photography, nothing is added, it is frozen life, it is death, there is nothing which supports it, nothing which adorn it, we see nothing added, we are only reminded of what has been removed.
When we define the Photograph as a motionless image, this does not mean only that the figures it represents do not move; it means that they do not emerge, do not leave: they are anesthetized and fastened down, like butterflies.

Calvino warns us that "memory's images, once they are fixed in words, are erased" and that is the operation of photography: to erase memory, to anesthetize it, kill it. The photograph is a conscious attempt to remember, but it cozens us, it tricks us, and it makes us forget. I defer again to Benjamin, in his essay on memory in Proust:
When we awake each morning, we hold in our hands, usually weakly and loosely, but a few fringes of the tapestry of a lived life, as loomed for us by forgetting. However, with our purposeful activity and, even more, our purposive remembering each day unravels the web and the ornaments of forgetting.
Our purposive remembering, our memories which we force-fit into words, into images, die - they are no longer what they were, they have been forced to change mediums, and something is lost: the beauty of life. The photograph only appears a representation of reality, it is only, rather, an expression of loss, of what can never be again. It is often in art that the afflatus of creation is to exorcise, to kill away, that which burns inside the artist, to cleanse the spirit of the past. But there is a danger in this, in the abundance of photography, that our memories will become extinct.
Ultimately 鈥� or at the limit 鈥� in order to see a photograph well, it is best to look away or close your eyes. 鈥楾he necessary condition for an image is sight,鈥� Janouch told Kafka; and Kafka smiled and replied: 鈥榃e photograph things in order to drive them out of our minds. My stories are a way of shutting my eyes.
Photographs, unlike other arts, are too immediate, seem too real (though they are unreal): the kill memory forever. Photographs do not shut the eyes, but gouge them out: we become Oedipus fleeing reality as it is, in a vain blindness which forces us to remember only what we hoped to lose, and lose only what we hoped to remember.
Here is where the madness is, for until this day no representation could assure me of the past of a thing except by intermediaries; but with the Photograph, my certainty is immediate: no on in the world can undeceive me. The Photograph then becomes a bizarre medium, a new form of hallucination: false on the level of perception, true on the level of time: a temporal hallucination, so to speak, a modest, shared hallucination (on the one hand 鈥渋t is not there,鈥� on the other 鈥渂ut it has indeed been鈥�): a mad image, chafed by reality.

Profile Image for Prerna.
223 reviews1,952 followers
November 8, 2021
What has always terrified me about photography is, as Barthes puts it (since I never could, not before this book anyway,) the infinite reproduction of a singular event. Evanescent instances that would have normally escaped my own memories, are now confined within a frame. A part of my existence that eludes my comprehension is now externalised, solidified and made to appear more real than the event itself was. In this sense, the etymology behind 'capturing' moments in photographs interests me a lot. 'Capturing' is always an act against a will.

'The look, the see, the here it is' that Barthes talks about only ever makes me scrutinize a photograph and then avert my gaze - sometimes in embarassment and sometimes in terror. Because Here It Is. Is it? If so, what is the true nature of the essence captured by the photograph that insists on being looked at, that marks its presence? The appearance does not coincide with the essence, no. It goes even deeper, into those niches of my consciousness that essence could never reach. 'I' is reduced to a reference.

I avert my gaze, close my eyes and walk away, only to know myself better and to feel that I am hollow. All of the world's photographs form a labyrinth, all of the photographs I view form a labyrinth of echo-less chambers that converge at me.

So yes, with each photograph captured I experience a micro version of death. It is exhilarating and numbing all at once.
Profile Image for Michael.
1,094 reviews1,927 followers
May 8, 2016
This was the last book written by the renowned French master of linguistic semiotics and literary criticism before he died in 1980. It is a short (120 page) exploration of the unique qualities of photography compared to other forms of representation. The book was a rewarding book for me to think about photography in unfamiliar ways. I ended up making friends with the paradoxical concept that photographs do their magic by authentically capturing 鈥渨hat has been鈥� while at the same time demonstrating in a sense the death of their subject. Photographers often work hard to make their subject 鈥渓ifelike鈥�, yet with the snap of the shutter whatever was real is frozen in its moment, pinned immobile, and present becomes irrevocably past.

This was most poignant by his search among his family pictures for one of his dead mother that might evoke her presence for him (he lived with her his whole life). Time after time shots he found of her failed to do the trick:

I recognized her differentially, not essentially. Photography therefore compelled me to perform a painful labor; straining toward the essence of her identity, I was struggling among images partially true, and therefore totally false. 鈥�
The almost: love鈥檚 dreadful regime, but also the dream鈥檚 disappointing status鈥攚hich is why I hate dreams. For I often dream about her (I dream only about her), but it is never quite my mother 鈥� I dream about her, I do not dream her.


Finally, he finds a shot of his mother as a girl in the garden, which bears somehow in her eyes an assertion of innocence, as in 鈥淚 do no harm鈥�:
In this little girl鈥檚 image I saw the kindness which had formed her being immediately and forever, without her having inherited it from anyone 鈥ust an image, a just image.

Barthes never does share the picture of his mother (he valued his privacy too much). He does show a picture of the photographer Felix Nadar鈥檚 mother from 1890 that might have done the trick for that pioneer.



Personally, I tend to shoot only landscapes. But I can appreciate the power and impact of an evocative portrait. Arnold Newman is a favorite for capturing something of the accomplishment or character of a person. Among the 20 or so photos Barthes includes in the book is one by Richard Avedon, 鈥淏orn a Slave鈥�, which for him becomes 鈥渢he essence of slavery laid bare鈥� and illustrates how the concrete can stimulate larger meanings:

description

Since every photograph is contingent (and thereby outside of meaning), Photography cannot signify (aim at a generality) except by assuming a mask. It is this word that Calvino correctly uses to designate what makes a face into the product of a society and of its history.

In his own empirical journey in looking at photos to discover something of the 鈥渆ssence鈥� of Photography with a capital 鈥淧鈥�, he finds a dynamic between generic meanings (which he often finds 鈥漛anal鈥�) and a more idiosyncratic element. He came to appreciate a division between an 鈥渁verage affect鈥� for a general field of cultural meaning associated with a photo, to which he applies the Latin word stadium, and a second element he terms punctum, 鈥渨hich rises from the scene, shoots out of it like an arrow, and pierces me.鈥� For example, a 1920s portrait of a family of blacks in their Sunday best clothes speaks to him of various sociological aspects of moderate interest, but for some reason the high belt and Mary Jane shoes of one of the women arouses a special sympathy and tenderness in him. In another example a shot of a blind gypsy with a violin being led across a road by a small boy 鈥減unctures鈥� Barthes through a background element, the texture of the road reminding him powerfully of all his own past experiences traveling through rural villages of Hungary and Romania.

For the most part Barthes coverage of photography is personal and accessible, not abstruse and academic. Because of the importance of individual emotional response to photographs, Barthes did not feel subjecting the art form to a formal analysis with his methods of phenomenology or dissection of its place in aesthetic philosophy would be fruitful. He puts you at ease by admitting naivete about theories of photography and steers you clear of high-flown discussions and criticism of photography as art. Thus, for me the book has the pleasing quality of exploration with me as a reader in hand, and it pays off with a sense of discovery rather than persuasion and erection of a new dogma. His writing style includes lots of parenthetical insertions that have the feel of hypertext. He also uses colons and semicolons in nearly every sentence, which carries a sense of a logical unfolding of ideas like Russian nesting dolls.

I was moved most when Bathes marvels at the world-changing novelty of photography when it was invented by Niepce in the 1820 and reaches for poetic metaphors. I leave you with some choice quotes:
The first photographs a man contemplated 鈥ust have seemed to him to resemble certain paintings 鈥�; he knew, however, he was nose-to-nose with a mutant (a Martian can resemble a man); his consciousness posited the object encountered outside any analogy, like the ectoplasm of 鈥渨hat-had-been鈥�: neither image nor reality, a new being really: a reality one can no longer touch.
鈥�
The Photograph 鈥� becomes a bizarre medium, a new form of hallucination: false on the level of perception, true on the level of time: a temporal hallucination, so to speak, a modest shared hallucination (on the one hand 鈥渋t is not there,鈥� on the other 鈥渂ut it indeed has been鈥�): a mad image, chafed by reality.
鈥�
It seems to me that in Latin 鈥減hotograph鈥� would be said 鈥渋mago lucis opera expressa鈥�; which is to say: image revealed, 鈥渆xtracted鈥�, 鈥渕ounted,鈥� 鈥渆xpressed鈥� (like the juice of a lemon) by the action of light. And if Photography belonged to a world with some residual sensitivity to myth, we should exult over the richness of the symbol: the loved body is immortalized by the mediation of a precious metal, silver (monument and luxury); to which we might add the notion that this metal, like all metals of Alchemy, is alive.

Profile Image for Zanna.
676 reviews1,058 followers
January 10, 2019
I'd never thought much about Barthes method until I read Sara Ahmed's book Queer Phenomenology in which she draws attention to the labour that enables Husserl to sit and think at his table; the work of childcare and table clearing performed, probably, by women. Ahmed has inspired me to ask what Barthes is doing here, and Barthes has helpfully told me; he is forthright; perhaps that is why I find his writing appealing; I am engaged by honesty and directness. He looks at photographs; he thinks about photographs, and he writes whatever occurs to him that seems worthy of sharing. Strange to think that this text, famous, influential as it is, has such a personal origin, that a single standpoint can be taken as universal. I was awake to this when I read Barthes' reflections on being photographed 'I play the social game... [preserve my] essence of individuality'. I felt the contrast with images of fashion models, who are anonymous matter, utile bodies. And female celebrities: their 'essence of individuality', for the public, is built through repetition, the ubiquity of their images eventually persuades us of their reality beyond the image. The more beautiful the woman is judged to be, I think, the less individual she is, the more anodyne her image, her expressionless face... He says, parenthetically, discontinuously 'it is my political right to be a subject that I must protect'. I want to follow this thought - but he drops the trail, leaves it to others (feminists?) to pick up and consider the costs, the consequences...

Barthes considers what constitutes his interest in, his feelings about photographs, and distinguishes two classes of effect (or affect) they produce - a 'slippery, irresponsible' sort of general interest produced by the image's relation to fields of knowledge, culture, experience, curiosity, which he calls studium, and a piercing, emotional jolt that he calls punctum, a kind of realisation that there is life beyond the frame, but more than this, maybe even 'Pity' because the photograph speaks always of death (but for other reasons, because Barthes chooses photographs like Richard Avedon's devastating photo of William Casby 'Born a Slave', and one of a Black family whose trappings of 'respectability' induce 'Pity' in Barthes because he reads, reductively, a hopeless aspiration to Whiteness. Race thus becomes a painful emotion felt and mediated by the White viewer - Barthes describes it variously as wound, madness, ecstasy - he remembers Nietszche's 'pity' for a horse.)

After reflecting at length on a photograph of his mother as a child, he reflects at length on photography's defining feature, the 'this-has-been' it offers that is incontrovertible. He predicts that the astonishment at this will vanish, and I think he is right, but for more reasons than he anticipates, because hasn't the cultural status or the location of the photograph changed with the advent of social media? In this context great numbers of people quite habitually make photographs, and while we perhaps still mainly look at photographs while alone, we do not do so in the same kind of privacy as Barthes speaks of, and we very often look at photographs that are not our own. Perhaps all this belongs to the sociological fluff that Barthes is not interested in (the assertion he makes that there are few books on photography is no longer true!), but it seems to me that updates are in order. The transition from private to public, the arrival of celebrity culture, that the photograph attended, have passed into new stages in the digital age. Nonetheless, I think Barthes makes an enduring point about the photograph as a document impinging on time, on the sense of time, as the photograph as measurement and memento mori. 'Death must be somewhere in a society', Barthes insists, and yes, I think it is still in our personal photographs, little piping voices telling us life is precious...
Profile Image for Narjes Dorzade.
284 reviews294 followers
October 30, 2019
. 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵亘 丿蹖丿賳 蹖讴 毓讴爻 貙 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 讴丕乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丌賳 乇賵亘乇诏乇丿丕賳蹖 蹖丕 趩卮賲丕賳鬲 乇丕 亘乇 丌賳 賮乇賵亘賳丿蹖 .
" 卮乇胤 賱丕夭賲 蹖讴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 貙 蹖讴 賳馗乇 丕爻鬲 ." 丕蹖賳 乇丕 蹖丕賳賵卮 亘賴 讴丕賮讴丕 诏賮鬲 貙 賵 讴丕賮讴丕 賱亘禺賳丿蹖 夭丿 賵 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿 : 賲丕 丕夭 趩蹖夭賴丕 毓讴爻 賲蹖 诏蹖乇蹖賲 鬲丕 丕夭 賮讴乇賲丕賳 亘蹖乇賵賳 卮丕賳 讴賳蹖賲 . 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賴丕蹖 賲賳 乇丕賴蹖 亘乇 亘爻鬲賳 趩卮賲丕賳賲 賴爻鬲賳丿 . 毓讴爻 亘丕蹖丿 爻丕讴鬲 亘丕卮丿 . ( 毓讴爻 賴丕蹖蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 乇噩夭 禺賵丕賳 貙 讴賴 賲賳 賴蹖趩 丿賵爻鬲 卮丕賳 賳丿丕乇賲 ) .
丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 賳賴 亘賴 倬賳賴丕賳 讴丕乇蹖 貙 亘賱 亘賴 賲賵爻蹖賯蹖 亘乇賲蹖 诏乇丿丿 . 匕賴賳蹖鬲 賲胤賱賯 貙 氐乇賮丕 丿乇 蹖讴 丨丕賱鬲 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賲丿賳蹖 丕爻鬲 貙 丿乇 爻毓蹖 亘賴 爻讴賵鬲 貙 ( 亘爻鬲賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賳 鬲丕賳 貙 亘賴 爻禺賳 丿乇丌賵乇丿賳 鬲氐賵蹖乇 丿乇 爻讴賵鬲 丕爻鬲 ) . 毓讴爻 賲噩匕賵亘賲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 賲賳 丌賳 乇丕 丕夭 趩乇鬲 賵 倬乇鬲 賴丕蹖 乇賵夭賲乇賴 丕卮 亘蹖乇賵賳 亘讴卮丕賳賲 : 丕夭 " 鬲讴賳蹖讴 " 貙 丕夭 " 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 " 貙 丕夭 " 诏夭丕乇卮 " 貙 丕夭 " 賴賳乇 " 貙 賵 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲 : 賴蹖趩 賳诏賮鬲賳 貙 亘爻鬲賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賳賲 貙 賵丕诏匕丕卮鬲賳 賳讴鬲賴 蹖 噩夭卅蹖 亘賴 禺蹖夭卮蹖 丿乇 禺賵丿 貙 賴賲賳賵丕 亘丕 卮毓賵乇 毓丕胤賮蹖 .
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" 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 "
Profile Image for 乇蹘亘賵丕乇.
176 reviews60 followers
February 15, 2019
"丕賵 賲乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丕賵 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 亘賲蹖乇丿"

鈻犡� 爻賵诏 賲丕丿乇鈻�

蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓噩蹖亘 鬲乇蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賲 賵 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓噩蹖亘 鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿蹖丿賲(禺賵賳丿賲卮)
丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賲乇孬蹖賴 丕蹖賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 倬乇丿丕夭 亘乇丕蹖 賮賵鬲 賲丕丿乇卮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丨丕賵蹖 鬲卅賵乇蹖 賴丕 賵 賳馗乇丕鬲卮 丿乇 亘丕亘 毓讴丕爻蹖 丕爻鬲.亘丕乇鬲 亘賴 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 賴乇趩賴 鬲賲丕賲 鬲乇 "毓讴爻" 乇丕 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 禺賵丿 賵 丕夭 夭賵丕蹖丕蹖 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 卮賳丕爻蹖 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 亘毓囟丕 賮賱爻賮蹖 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳丿.
丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 丿賵 賲賮賴賵賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賴賲 丕爻賲 亘乇丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿.
郾.丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲
鄄.倬賵賳讴鬲賵賲
賳丨賵賴 蹖 鬲卮乇蹖丨 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 毓讴爻賴丕 鬲賵爻胤 亘丕乇鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賳丨氐乇 亘賮乇丿 賴爻鬲卮.
噩丕蹖蹖 丿乇 鬲毓乇蹖賮 丕蹖賳 丿賵 賱睾鬲 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿:
芦丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲貨 亘賴 賲毓賳蹖 鬲賯丕囟丕蹖 趩蹖夭蹖貙 賲蹖賱 亘賴 讴爻蹖 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 诏賵賳賴鈥屫й� 爻乇爻倬丕乇蹖 讴賱蹖 賵 倬乇卮賵乇 賵 卮賵賯貙 丕賲丕 亘丿賵賳 賴蹖趩 丨爻 鬲蹖夭 賵 禺丕氐蹖 丕爻鬲. 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳噩蹖 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲賳 亘賴 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 毓讴爻鈥屬囏� 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 賲蹖鈥屫促堎呚� 禺賵丕賴 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 亘賴 賲賳夭賱賴鈥屰� 卮丕賴丿 賵 賲丿乇讴 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 讴賳賲 禺賵丕賴 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏й� 噩丕賱亘 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賱匕鬲 亘亘乇賲: 夭蹖乇丕 賲卮丕乇讴鬲 賲賳 亘丕 丕賳丿丕賲鈥屬囏ж� 趩賴乇賴鈥屬囏ж� 跇爻鬲鈥屬囏ж� 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏� 賵 讴賳卮鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賵丕爻胤賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴賳诏 (丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕蹖 囟賲賳蹖 丿乇 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿) 賲賲讴賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�.

毓賳氐乇 丿賵賲 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫蹿┵嗀� (蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄙ徹必�). 丕蹖賳 亘丕乇 賲賳 賳蹖爻鬲賲 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫堐屬� (丌賳鈥屭堎嗁� 讴賴 賲賳 賲蹖丿丕賳 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 乇丕 亘丕 丌诏丕賴蹖 賲胤賱賯賲 賲丨丕氐乇賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�)貙 亘賱讴賴 禺賵丿賽 丌賳 毓賳氐乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丌賳 氐丨賳賴 亘蹖乇賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 賴賲趩賵賳 鬲蹖乇蹖 倬乇鬲丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 丿乇 賲賳 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌�. 丿乇 夭亘丕賳 賱丕鬲蹖賳 亘乇丕蹖 賳丕賲蹖丿賳 丕蹖賳 夭禺賲貙 丕蹖賳 賮乇賵乇賮鬲诏蹖 賵 丕蹖賳 毓賱丕賲鬲蹖 讴賴 鬲賵爻胤 丕亘夭丕乇蹖 鬲蹖夭 賵 亘乇賳丿賴 倬丿蹖丿 丌賲丿賴貙 賵丕跇賴鈥屫й� 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿: 丕蹖賳 賵丕跇賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賳丕爻亘 讴丕乇 賲賳 丕爻鬲 夭蹖乇丕 賴賲 賲賮賴賵賲 賳賯胤賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 丕卮丕乇賴 丿丕乇丿 賵 賴賲 丕蹖賳 讴賴 毓讴爻鈥屬囏й� 賲賵乇丿 亘丨孬 賲賳 丿乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賳賯胤賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 卮丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 賵 诏丕賴蹖 丨鬲丕 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賳賯丕胤 丨爻丕爻貙 禺丕賱 禺丕賱 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 丿賯蹖賯丕賸 丕蹖賳 毓賱丕賲鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 丕蹖賳 夭禺賲鈥屬囏ж� 賳賯丕胤 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖鈥屫з嗀�. 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 丕蹖賳 毓賳氐乇 丿賵賲 乇丕 讴賴 丕爻鬲賵丿蹖賵賲 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫藏� 倬賵賳讴鬲賵賲 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呝呚� 夭蹖乇丕 倬賵賳讴鬲賵賲 亘賴 賲毓賳蹖 賳蹖卮貙 禺丕賱貙 亘乇蹖丿诏蹖貙 爻賵乇丕禺 讴賵趩讴 賵 賳賵毓蹖 鬲丕爻 賴賲 丕爻鬲.
倬賵賳讴鬲賵賲 蹖讴 毓讴爻貙 丨丕丿孬賴鈥屫й� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 賲賳 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賵 夭禺賲蹖鈥屫з� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賴賲 讴亘賵丿賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賴賲 丿乇丿賳丕讴 丕爻鬲禄.

賳賲蹖丿丕賳賲 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 毓讴丕爻 賴丕 賵 鬲卅賵乇蹖爻蹖賳 賴丕 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 趩蹖爻鬲.賵賱蹖 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 丌賲丕鬲賵乇 賵 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賲卮鬲丕賯 毓讴丕爻蹖 賵 爻蹖賳賲丕 丕爻鬲 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳賲 亘诏賵蹖賲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿蹖丿 賲乇丕 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 毓讴爻 亘賴 讴賱蹖 毓賵囟 讴乇丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 亘賴 亘毓丿 爻毓蹖 賲蹖讴賳賲 丕夭 夭賵丕蹖丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賴賲 讴賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 鬲賱賵蹖丨丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖讴賳丿 蹖讴 丕孬乇 乇丕 賲卮丕賴丿賴 讴賳賲.
Profile Image for Trevor.
1,472 reviews24.1k followers
September 29, 2014
This is a curious little book, and it really is a little book 鈥� only 119 pages. It is curious because it is two books. The first is a kind of philosophical discussion on the nature of photography. He says many very interesting things here 鈥� interesting in a philosophical kind of way. He starts with the basics and works his way up from there. For example, he says we can have three relationships to photographs: we can take them (he doesn鈥檛 take them so he has virtually nothing to say about this), we can be in them (and this is interesting, as having our picture taken means to pose 鈥� so what is it that we are seeing when we see a photo of ourselves?) and finally we can look at photographs (even if we are a super model this is surely our most frequent experience of photography). This last relationship of us to the photograph is what most of both parts of this book is about.

Rather than summarising this book I鈥檓 going to talk about some of the things that stopped me while reading it, that is, the things that made me think and then where those thought took me.

Firstly, I have to say that I鈥檓 not sure I fully agree with him 鈥� it is hard to say because some of the things he says I didn鈥檛 quite follow and so my criticisms may just be due to my not reading him closely enough. He repeatedly says that there is a kind of banality to photography. A photograph shows what was there. There is a lovely bit where he says that a photograph is like Cassandra 鈥� the woman Apollo gave the gift of prophesy to, but when she still wouldn鈥檛 have him as her lover he twisted the gift so that no one would ever believe her prophesies. We know photographs speak the truth, but often we are dumbfounded by the truths they say 鈥� photographs are Cassandras with their gaze fixed on the past. I really like that image. How often have we seen a photograph of ourselves or of a loved one years after it was taken only to realise our memories are out of joint? That some sequence of events must be wrong? 鈥楬ow can she be wearing that necklace then?鈥�

The problem I have with his view is that I don鈥檛 believe photographs are simply the slices of time he makes them out to be. He sees photographs as graveyards for light. Open the shutter and the light that is reflected from a surface (the apple in a bowl of fruit or the half-turned smile of a loved one) reacts (chemically or electrically) with the mechanism so as to effectively freeze that light in time. We literally have the power to stop time, we new gods. Images, as he says, are a kind of death 鈥� and in a sense photographs are always about death, even within the minute they are taken, they immediately become about 鈥榯hen鈥�. There is a sense in which the truest thing that can be said about a photograph is 鈥榯his is what was鈥�. But this view is only partly true. Photography is also about selection 鈥� it is always a chosen truth. Photography is also about artifice 鈥� it is about adjustments to lighting and focus that manipulate the truth of the image. And today, with photoshop, it is hard to know what we are looking at when we look at a photograph.

I have never been to New York. My only knowledge of the city comes from books and photographs and motion film. Could it be that the city itself does not exist? That the Twin Towers collapsing was really a huge fabrication in an international scale version of the Truman Show? Probably not. But then, I鈥檝e also seen photographs of nuclear and biological war facilities in Iraq, with their storage tanks and their reinforced concrete walls, and what was black and white before the war was somehow to become shades of grey after, so who is to say? It is not just that we get to choose what to point the camera toward that is an ideological decision, but how we go about reading photographs is also deeply ideological.

I quite like the idea of the USA being a hugely expensive version of the Truman Show 鈥� let鈥檚 face it, it does offer the most satisfactory explanation for Rick Perry I can come up with, so I think I鈥檓 going to just go with it.

Barthes says that photographs can鈥檛 really be categorised and that there is a kind of surface meaning to photos that he refers to as studium, as a kind of study. This is our cultural understanding of photographs, what we feel when we see an image of nuns walking behind a group of soldiers on patrol. He doesn鈥檛 say this, but it is almost our rational brain that processes these images. But then there is what he calls punctum. This is something about the image that stops us. An example might help. There is a photo here of a young boy and in the photo an adult is playfully pointing a pistol at this young boy鈥檚 head. But Barthes says when he sees this photograph all he really sees is the boy鈥檚 bad teeth. The studium is basically 鈥榮taged鈥� 鈥� the punctum is a kind of truth that just is. The punctum stops us, but it is rarely the key 鈥榤essage鈥� of the photograph.

The second half of this book is about him considering photographs of his mother and is quite moving. Looking for a photograph that has a dual impact on him 鈥� one that makes him feel it shows his mother as she was and also brings her back to life again. Obviously, such photographs are rare. I think this is because we aren鈥檛 quite ourselves when we pose for a photograph. Such photographs are self-conscious and so can never be essentially us. But there is a lovely line I read somewhere 鈥� that great photographs are never taken, but are given. Given, that is, by the subject. As someone who has often been the subject of photographs, a particularly self-conscious subject too, I find I鈥檓 rarely happy with the images taken of me 鈥� or even of the ones I try to 鈥榞ive鈥�. So few of them look anything like I think I look like. I believe this is because I mostly only see myself straight-on. When photos are not taken as direct mirror shots they stop looking like me 鈥� the me I generally see is the face-to-mirror angle me 鈥� no other. But then, our self-image has a lot in common with photographs 鈥� neither age well with time. I suspect the image we carry of ourselves in our heads is a kind of photo taken at about 20. Comparisons between this image the person in photos and mirrors and in other people鈥檚 appraisals of us never fails to surprise us (well, if we are lucky surprise is the right word).

I enjoyed this a lot. But the best of this was my confusion over this photo.
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I still find it hard to believe this guy lived in 1865 rather than 1965.

Oh, and his line that to understand great photographs you need to close your eyes really should be where this review ends.
Profile Image for Lauren .
1,832 reviews2,536 followers
January 6, 2024
"The portrait-photograph is a closed field of forces. Four image-repertoires intersect here, oppose and distort each other. In front of the lens, I am at the same time:
the one others think I am,
the one I want others to think I am,
the one the photographer thinks I am,
and the one he makes use of to exhibit his art.
In other words, a strange action: I do not stop imitating myself, and because of this, each time I am (or let myself be) photographed, I invariably suffer from a sensation of inauthenticity, sometimes of imposture..."
(pg 13)

Barthes essay collection is a deep study of looking and observation, through the lens of the camera. Written in 1979, this was a later work for the French philosopher, but may be his best known. Perhaps the subject matter lends to that - images, photographs, history, gaze.

At the center of the essay is Barthes discussion of studium and punctum when looking at a photograph:
Studium relates to the observation and a general commitment to, sometimes a brief value judgement (like/dislike), "sort of vague, slippery, irresponsible interest one takes in all people, entertainments... one finds 'all right'".(pg 27) Maybe best describes as a passing glance, or more modern parlance, scrolling through.
Punctum relates to the object, item, or air that an observer sees right away. What "pierces, pricks, or punctuates". This may be different for each observer, in a portrait, a noticeable physical feature or piece of clothing, a facial expression, or body language. It could be something happening in the background or out of focus. It can be what "pricks" the mind to remember after you are no longer looking at the photograph. "...the punctum should be revealed only after the fact, when the photograph is no longer in front of me, and I think back on it..." (pg 53)

Barthes uses a number of images as reference, ranging from portraiture by well-known photographers like Richard Avedon and Robert Mapplethorpe, to historical and journalistic photographs of events, landscapes or architecture, to war photography.

While Part 1 is largely theoretical, referencing random photographs, Part 2 is highly personal. Barthes is writing this collection of essays shortly after his mother's death. He is in the apartment where she died and is going through her old photographs. He finds one particular photograph of his mother as a young girl that he calls the "Winter Garden Photograph", and uses this reference through several essays, discussing the imminence of Death as it relates to photography, the frozen moment, the sentimental/ordinary nature of photographs, and how every observer frames the photograph in terms of themselves as they view it.

"The date belongs to the photograph: not because it denotes style... but because it makes me lift my head, allows me to compute life, death, the inexorable extinction of the generations. I am the reference for every photograph, and this is what generates my astonishment in addressing myself to the fundamental question: why is is that I am alive here and now?" (pg 84)

All the more interesting to read CAMERA LUCIDA at a time of super-charged image saturation, applying the studium and punctum techniques to each item that we see - too numerous to count. What would Barthes say about DALL-E image creation? Photoshop? How would Barthes fathom reels, TikToks?

"One might say that the photograph separates attention from perception, and yields up only the former, even if it is impossible without the latter, this is that aberrant thing, an action of thought without thought, an aim without a target. Yet this is the scandalous movement which produces the rarest quality of an 'air'. This is the paradox: how can one have an intelligent 'air' without thinking anything intelligent, just by looking into this piece of black plastic?" (pg 111-112)
Profile Image for Jon Anzalone.
Author听2 books8 followers
December 30, 2011
Patronizing and solipsistic as a discussion of photography. Barthes spends ample time assigning Latin names to elements of what is, essentially, irony, identifies their interaction as either clever or lame, and then abandons them. Other elements of photography are not considered, and instead he marvels at the possibility that the subject of an old photo may still be alive. He so much as admits he knows not much about photography, and goes on to talk at great length about himself instead.

I've been looking for an intellectual discourse on the nature of photography as an art; things that are found in the moment of the place, or of the artist, or of the viewer, use of aesthetic elements as a means of expressive language, style, approach, impact, intent, unintent, application of technical approach, so on. This book is none of those things and is not recommended under any circumstances in a meaningful study of the art.
50 reviews16 followers
July 10, 2008
Along with Susan Sontag's On Photography, Camera Lucida is one of the earliest and still most frequently cited analyses of the medium. This might seem strange considering how personal and 'literary' it is, but, whether for or against, academics continue to use this little book to make all sorts of exaggerated claims about visual culture.

As he acknowledges, Barthes' take on photography is determined by a phenomenological reduction. "...I decided to take myself as a mediator for all Photography. Starting from a few personal impulses, I would try to formulate the fundamental feature, the universal without which there would be no Photography" (8-9). He splits the photograph into punctum -- a 'point of interest' within the photo that is both responsible for its aesthetic quality and unique for each individual observer -- and studium, or more or less everything else: the signs of the photographer's intention and technical skill, the use of stereotypes, the setting, organization, the style of composition, everything to do with the photograph's 'themes' and culturally determined meanings.

How does one justify leaving out so much? Barthes does it by associating several features of photography with the studium while never associating any of them with each other. So 'taste' in the banal sense, technical knowledge (Barthes doesn't actually know anything about photography), knowledge of the thing photographed, and empathy with the photographic subject are all acknowledged separately, but declined on the same grounds: they don't pertain to photography's 'essence.' They are rather functions, 'myths,' involved merely in "reconciling the photograph with society" (28). So for Barthes the really radical thing is to relegate historical, political, biographical, personal, or whatever content of a given photograph to the realm of dull convention. It is 'unfortunate,' Barthes writes, though apparently necessary, that he finds Koen Wessing's photos of Nicaragua "banal." (23).

I think the problem is that, like photography, Barthes never goes beyond surface impressions. In a sense Barthes' analysis just repeats what he says photography does: "by leading me to believe...that I have found what Calvino calls 'the true total photograph,' it accomplishes the unheard-of identification of reality ('that has been') with truth ('there-she-is!'); it becomes at once evidential and exclamative; it bears the effigy to that crazy point where affect (love, compassion, grief, enthusiasm, desire) is a guarantee of Being" (113). Recognizing the ease with which photography confuses experiential fact with Truth, Barthes accepts the confusion as necessary, leading to the paradoxical claim that the Real Truth of a photo is more visible the more it is 'liberated' from all explanatory context. Its false impression of immediacy can then be reflexively experienced in idiosyncratic ways by the observer (who, for instance, can go on to write about photography by writing about his mom).

Another good line, again relevant to both photography and Barthes' method of analysis: "photography, in order to surprise, photographs the notable; but soon, by a familiar reversal, it decrees notable whatever it photographs" (34).
Profile Image for Asl谋 Can.
760 reviews281 followers
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August 7, 2019
Barthes foto臒raf 眉zerine d眉艧眉n眉rken asl谋nda 莽ok daha geni艧, 莽ok 枚z bir kavrama odaklan谋yor: bak谋艧. Barthes'e g枚re foto臒raf谋 foto臒raf yapan ve di臒er disiplinlerden ay谋ran 艧ey bir t眉r zamansal e艧de臒erlilik. Foto臒raf谋n 莽ekildi臒i zaman ve foto臒rafa bakan谋n zaman谋 aras谋nda bir kesi艧me. Foto臒raf谋n nesnesi olan ki艧inin bak谋艧谋, foto臒raf莽谋n谋n o anda bulunu艧u -Barthes'e g枚re foto臒raf莽谋n谋n temel organ谋 g枚z de臒il, el- ve foto臒rafa bakan谋n bak谋艧谋. Foto臒raf t眉m bunlar谋 bir araya getirerek, ge莽mi艧teki bir bak谋艧谋 uzat谋p, 艧imdiye ta艧谋yarak foto臒rafa bakan Barthes'i delip ge莽iyor.

''Foto臒raf谋n 枚z眉, temsil etti臒i nesneyi onaylamas谋d谋r.'' diyor Barthes.

Oysa yaz谋n谋n bu kesinlikten yoksun oldu臒unu s枚yl眉yor.

''Hi莽bir yaz谋 bana bu kesinli臒i veremez. Dilin talihsizli臒i (belki de ayn谋 zamanda 艧ehvetli zevki), do臒rulu臒unu kan谋tlayamamas谋d谋r. Dilin noema's谋 (枚z眉) belki de bu g眉莽s眉zl眉kt眉r; ya da daha olumlu konu艧ursak: dil do臒as谋 gere臒i kurgusald谋r; dili kurgusall谋ktan 莽谋karmaya giri艧mek i莽in dev bir 枚l莽眉m ayg谋t谋 gerekir: ya mant谋臒谋 莽a臒谋r谋r, ya da onun yoklu臒una yemin ederiz. Oysa foto臒raf b眉t眉n arac谋lardan farkl谋d谋r: o icad etmez; onun kendisi do臒rulamad谋r zaten; arada s谋rada izin verdi臒i h眉nerler de pek bir kan谋t olu艧turmaz; bunlar tam tersine aldatmaca resimlerdir.''

Ama hayranl谋kla kar艧谋 莽谋k谋yorum. Barthes'in malzemesi bir zamanlar oturdu臒u yerden bir araya getirdi臒i kelimeler olan foto臒raf谋; bana onun varl谋臒谋n谋, zamanda kendine 枚zg眉 bulunu艧unu 莽ekip getiriyor. Bana kal谋rsa bir kitap da zaman谋n bamba艧ka bir yerinde bulunan bamba艧ka birini; Barthes'ci anlamda delip ge莽ebiliyor. Barthes bir zamanlar ya艧谋yordu, 艧imdi 枚l眉, ama benimle konu艧abiliyor.
Profile Image for Ezgi.
Author听1 book130 followers
March 25, 2018
Foto臒raf konusunun 枚l眉m ve zaman konular谋n谋 i莽ine alacak 艧ekilde yorumlanm谋艧 ve felsefile艧tirilmi艧 hali.
s. 69:
"G枚r眉nt眉 i莽in gerekli ko艧ul, g枚rmedir" demi艧 Janouch, Kafka'ya; Kafka da g眉l眉mseyerek yan谋tlam谋艧: "Biz nesneleri akl谋m谋zdan 莽谋karmak i莽in foto臒raflar谋z. 脰yk眉lerim, g枚zlerimi kapamam谋n bir yoludur."
Profile Image for Lulli.
37 reviews
September 18, 2024
"Uno dei segni distintivi del nostro tempo 猫 forse questo rovesciamento: noi viviamo conformemente a un immaginario generalizzato. [...] Un simile rovesciamento mette necessariamente in ballo la questione etica: non perch茅 l'immagine sia immorale, irreligiosa o diabolica (...), ma perch茅, se generalizzata, essa derealizza completamente il mondo umano dei conflitti e dei desideri, mentre invece vuole illustrarlo. Ci貌 che caratterizza le societ脿 cosiddette avanzate, 猫 che oggi tali societ脿 consumano immagini e non pi霉, come quelle del passato, credenze; esse sono dunque pi霉 liberali, meno fanatiche, ma anche pi霉 芦false禄 (meno 芦autentiche禄) - cosa che, nella coscienza comune, noi traduciamo con l'ammissione di un'impressione di noia nauseante, come se, universalizzandosi, l'immagine producesse un mondo senza differenze (indifferente), da cui pu貌 quindi levarsi qui e l脿 solo il grido di anarchismi, marginalismi e individualismi: aboliamo le immagini, salviamo il Desiderio immediato (senza mediazione)."

Nota sulla fotografia, scritta tra il 15 aprile e il 3 giugno 1979, pochi mesi prima della sua scomparsa da Roland Barthes, che analizza in maniera approfondita e sotto diverse prospettive la fotografia. Testo sicuramente non di facile lettura, che bisognerebbe leggere forse pi霉 volte prima di cogliere in pieno i vari significati che l'autore ha seminato tra le righe. La distinzione tra lo studium che 猫 l'applicazione a una cosa, il gusto per qualcuno, una sorta d'interessamento (culturale), sollecito, certo, ma senza particolare intensit脿 e il punctum, ossia quella fatalit脿 (quel particolare) che, in essa, mi punge (ma anche mi ferisce, mi ghermisce) mi ha fatto aprire gli occhi verso un nuovo modo di guardare la fotografia, alla quale non avevo pensato prima d'ora, in cui quei certi particolari che potrebbero 鈥減ungerti鈥� non sono intenzionali n茅 voluti ma semplicemente si trovano nel campo dell'oggetto fotografato. Per ogni tesi vi 猫 una foto correlata che aiuta, chi legge, a capire a che cosa si riferisce l'autore e ad avvicinarlo di pi霉 alla sua spiegazione. Ora sono curiosa di leggere gli altri libri di Barthes.
Profile Image for 賲乇賷賲 丕賱爻賲丕賳.
96 reviews19 followers
November 2, 2021
丕賱睾乇賮丞 丕賱賲囟賷卅丞貙 賴賶 賲丨丕丿孬丞 賵丿賵丿丞 賵 賱胤賷賮丞 賲毓 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 賮賷 卮乇賮丞 卮丕乇毓 賴丕丿賷亍 賮賷 賵賯鬲 賲睾丕丿乇丞 丕賱卮賲爻 丨丿賷孬 賲賲鬲毓 賵 賮賱爻賮賷 賵 鬲兀賲賱賷 亘爻賷胤 賵 卮禺氐賷 賮賷賴 丕賱賮賰丕賴丞 賵 丕賱乇氐丕賳丞 毓賳 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 賱丕 賮賷 孬賵亘賴丕 丕賱囟賷賯 丕賱鬲賯賳賷 兀賵 賲賳 丨賷孬 賯賵丕毓丿賴丕 丕賱賮賳賷丞 丕賱噩丕賲丿丞 賱賰賳 賲賳 丨賷孬 鬲兀孬賷乇賴丕 丕賱卮禺氐賷 毓賱賷賴 賵 丕賱丕賳胤亘丕毓丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮噩乇賴丕 賵 丕賱噩乇丨 丕賱匕賷 鬲乇鬲賰亘賴 毓賱賶 丕爻鬲丨賷丕亍 賵 丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕賰 丕賱匕賶 鬲丨丿孬賴 丕賱氐賵乇丞 乇睾賲 毓卮賵丕卅賷鬲賴丕 賵 氐賲鬲賴丕.

鬲購丿乇賻爻 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 毓丕丿丞 賰兀賳賴丕 毓賱賲 乇賷丕囟賷 賯賵丕毓丿 賵 賲賮丕賴賷賲 兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞 氐丕乇賲丞 丿賵賳 丕賱鬲胤乇賯 賱乇賵丨 丕賱氐賵乇丞貙 丕賱賯賵丕毓丿 賱賱丿丕乇爻賷賳 丕賱乇賵丨 賵 丕賱毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 賱賱賴賵丕丞.

兀毓乇賮 亘賷賯賷賳 賲卮丨賵賳 亘丕賱賲爻乇賾丞 兀賳賷 爻兀乇噩毓 亘賷賳 丕賱丨賷賳 賵 丕賱丌禺乇 賱賯乇丕亍丞 兀噩夭丕亍 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賱丕 丨丕噩丞 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱鬲乇賮賷賴貙 賱賰賳 丨丕噩丞 賵丕毓賷丞 賵 丨賯賷賯賷丞 賵 囟乇賵乇賷丞貙 丨丕噩丞 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀乇囟丕亍 乇睾亘鬲賷 賮賷 丕賱賮賳 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 兀爻鬲胤賷毓 廿賳鬲丕噩賴 賵賱賰賳 兀毓乇賮 賰賷賮 兀賰鬲卮賮賴 賵 兀丨爻賾 亘賴貙 丕賱氐賵乇 丕賱毓丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱兀賱亘賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀毓乇賮賴丕 亘丿鬲 噩賲賷賱丞 賵 亘乇丕賯丞 噩丿賸丕 賮噩兀丞 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘.
Profile Image for 螞委谓伪 螛蠅渭维蟻蔚畏.
474 reviews32 followers
July 1, 2018
螠蔚蟿维 伪蟺蠈 2,5 蠂蟻蠈谓喂伪 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蠅 魏伪喂 蟿蔚位蔚喂蠋谓蠅 蟿慰谓 蠁蠅蟿蔚喂谓蠈 胃维位伪渭慰. 螆谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 魏伪位蠈 (蠈谓蟿蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂) 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿慰蠉蟼 蟺慰蠀 胃苇位慰蠀谓 谓伪 未慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蠁蠅蟿慰纬蟻伪蠁委伪 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 维位位慰 蔚蟺委蟺蔚未慰. 螡伪 渭维胃慰蠀谓 谓伪 未喂伪尾维味慰蠀谓 蟿喂蟼 蔚喂魏蠈谓蔚蟼 渭蔚 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 渭蟺慰蠀谓 蟽蟿慰 渭蠀伪位蠈 蟿慰蠀 蠁蠅蟿慰纬蟻维蠁慰蠀 魏伪喂 谓伪 尾蟻慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 伪喂蟿委伪 蟺慰蠀 蟿慰谓 苇魏伪谓蔚 谓伪 "魏位喂魏维蟻蔚喂" 蟿畏谓 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓畏 蔚喂魏蠈谓伪, 蟿畏谓 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓畏 纬蠅谓委伪 位萎蠄畏蟼.
螣蟺蟿喂魏萎 伪谓蟿委位畏蠄畏, 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏苇蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蔚纬纬委蟽蔚喂蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 Barthes 蟺慰蠀 蔚渭苇谓伪 渭蔚 维蠁畏蟽伪谓 位委纬慰 伪未喂维蠁慰蟻畏 伪位位维 魏伪胃蠈位慰蠀 伪蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓畏...
Profile Image for Raquel.
393 reviews
September 21, 2019
A fotografia democratizou-se. E, por isso, perdeu algum do seu encanto, espontaneidade e misticismo. Despertamos para a sua capacidade de contar a nossa hist贸ria sem delongas. Mas a fotografia tamb茅m mente: podemos agora ser aquele ou aquela que gostar铆amos de ser; gra莽as a um bom editor somos capazes de superar as nossas limita莽玫es gen茅ticas.

Ora, quando Barthes escreveu este magn铆fico livro, o paradigma fotogr谩fico ainda n茫o tinha sofrido uma viragem. Mais do que um livro sobre fotografia, este livro fala da nossa ambi莽茫o do perp茅tuo, da fotografia que nos apaixona porque 茅 imut谩vel, porque suprime o tempo at茅 ao infinito, porque nos revela.

O livro incluiu algumas fotografias que enriquecem muito o texto. Ficamos surpreendidos a cada p谩gina com o olhar (sempre) original de Barthes. Para ele "a Fotografia tem alguma coisa a ver com a ressurrei莽茫o", sendo que "atrav茅s de cada uma delas [imagens], infalivelmente eu passava para al茅m da irrealidade da coisa representada, entrava loucamente no espet谩culo, na imagem, envolvendo com os meus bra莽os o que est谩 morto, o que vai morrer, tal como fez Nietzche, quando a 3 de Janeiro de 1889 la莽ou-se a chorar ao pesco莽o de um cavalo martirizado: enlouquecido por causa da Piedade."

O livro revela-nos tamb茅m a crueldade da fotografia, dona de um tempo que jamais ser谩 o nosso. Como escreveu certa vez Paul Ricoeur (expressando muito bem este sentimento): "possuo uma fotografia dele (pai), tirada durante a sua 煤nica licen莽a, no in铆cio do ano de 1915; a minha irm茫 e eu estamos sentados ao seu colo. Depois, tal imagem nunca mais se mexeu; mas envelheci e, pouco a pouco, tive de habituar-me 脿 ideia de um pai mais jovem que eu, ao passo que no in铆cio tinha a imagem de um homem sem idade, situada abaixo de mim. Foi-me neces谩rio integr谩-la como sendo o rosto de um rapaz que eu ultrapasso na vida. Ainda hoje sou incapaz de negociar a rela莽茫o com essa imagem eternamente parada na imagem de um rapaz. 脡 tamb茅m o que sinto diante dos monumentos aos mortos, diante dos "脌s Nossas Crian莽as", questionando-me: mas quem s茫o as crian莽as? Estranhamente, o monumento fala de uma crian莽a que 茅 o meu pai, a outra crian莽a que n茫o vai parar de envelhecer".

鉂わ笍
Profile Image for wow_42.
123 reviews83 followers
January 30, 2024
薪械褌懈锌芯胁芯, 锌芯械褌懈褔薪芯, 褖懈褉芯, 褎褨谢芯褋芯褎褋褜泻懈, 斜邪谐邪褌芯褕邪褉芯胁芯.
屑械薪褨 褋锌芯写芯斜邪谢芯褋褟 褟泻 袘邪褉褌 褉械褎谢械泻褋褍褦 褋褌芯褋芯胁薪芯 泻芯卸薪芯谐芯 芯泻褉械屑芯谐芯 褎芯褌芯, 薪邪褋泻褨谢褜泻懈 胁褨薪 薪邪屑邪谐邪褦褌褜褋褟 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨褌懈 褋械斜械 蟹邪胁写褟泻懈 褎芯褌芯, 蟹褉芯蟹褍屑褨褌懈 褎芯褌芯 蟹邪胁写褟泻懈 褋芯斜褨, 褟泻 薪邪屑邪谐邪褦褌褜褋褟 褉芯蟹泻谢邪褋褌懈 械屑芯褑褨褩, 褋褍褌薪褨褋褌褜 胁褉邪卸械薪薪褟 褌邪 褋邪屑芯谐芯 蟹芯斜褉邪卸械薪薪褟 卸懈褌褌褟, 褋屑械褉褌褨, 褔邪褋褍.
褉芯蟹褍屑褨褞, 褖芯 锌褉芯泄写械 褋泻褨谢褜泻懈褋褜 褉芯泻褨胁 褨 褟 胁褨蟹褜屑褍褋褟 锌械褉械褔懈褌褍胁邪褌懈 泻薪懈谐褍 蟹薪芯胁褍.


(褉邪写卸褍 褔懈褌邪褌懈 褌懈屑, 褏褌芯 褎芯褌芯谐褉邪褎褍褦 褨 褏褌芯 褑褨泻邪胁懈褌褜褋褟 屑懈褋褌械褑褌胁芯屑).
Profile Image for Dmitry Berkut.
Author听5 books201 followers
May 1, 2025
Posted this on Twitter: Reading Roland Barthes鈥檚 Camera Lucida. He argues that photography is a kind of death-in-life 鈥� a medium that captures a moment of death and turns it into a permanent object. Moreover, Barthes calls photographers agents of death.
鈥� A heated discussion followed.

Which only means one thing: Camera Lucida still touches a nerve. It鈥檚 not a manual on photography or a philosophical treatise, but a deeply personal meditation on perception, memory, and loss.

Barthes isn鈥檛 writing about photography as technique or art, but as a trace of what鈥檚 gone. That provokes irritation, disagreement, debate 鈥� and that鈥檚 its strength. Even if you don鈥檛 agree with everything, the book makes you think.
Profile Image for hayatem.
786 reviews164 followers
November 14, 2014
賰鬲丕亘 噩賲賷賱 賷賯丿賲 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 丕賱賮鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 亘乇丐賷丞 賮賱爻賮賷丞 賮賲賳賵賱賵噩賷丞 禺丕氐丞. 亘賲毓賳賶 兀丿賯 氐賵乇丞 匕丕鬲賷丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲氐賵乇 賵丕賱賮賰乇 .

賲爻丕毓賷 亘丕乇鬲 賮賷 丕賱賮鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 丕賱禺乇賵噩 賵丕賱賵氐賵賱 丕賱賶 丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲 睾賷乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賰賵賳 賲鬲亘賵毓丞 丕賵 賲卮乇賵丨丞 亘賲賳馗賵乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷貙 賵匕賱賰 亘睾乇囟 賲賯丕賵賲丞 丕賷 賳馗丕賲 賲禺鬲夭賱!
賵賲賳 賲賳胤賱賯 禺亘乇丞 丕賱匕丕鬲 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿丞貙 賵禺亘乇丞 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿貙 毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱丿丕賱 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷 貙
爻賷賲賷丕亍 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞貙 賵丕賱賳馗乇 賵乇丕亍 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賰賱賷丞 賵賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賱賯亘囟 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 丕賱卮賷亍 丕賱禺賮賷 賵丕賱睾賷乇 馗丕賴乇.

( 丕賱亘賵賰賳鬲賵賲) 賵賴賵 賲氐胤賱丨 丕禺鬲乇毓賴 亘丕乇鬲貙 賵賷胤賱賯賴 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱丞 丕賱賲毓賷賳丞 賮賷 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲孬賷乇 兀賵 鬲禺賱賯 賴丕賱丞 賲丕 賮賷 賳賮爻賴貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴丕 賷爻毓賶 丕賱賶 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱賯亘囟 毓賱賶 賵丨賷賴丕 丕賱囟丕賲乇 賮賷 丕賱賱丕賷賯賷賳. 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱馗賱 賰賲丕 兀乇丕賴丕 .

( 丕賱賵噩丿 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷) 毓賱丕賯丞 丿丕賱丞 賵賲鬲兀孬乇丞 亘噩賵賴乇 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 亘丕賱賵丕賯毓.

賮丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 賰賲丕 賷鬲賱賲爻賴丕 亘丕乇鬲 鬲賯丿賲 毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 鬲禺賷賱賷 丕賱賱丨馗丞 卮丿賷丿丞 丕賱睾賲賵囟貙 丨賷孬 賱丕 賷賰賵賳 毓賳丿賴丕 匕丕鬲丕賸 賵賱丕 賲賵囟賵毓丕賸貨 亘賱 亘丕賱兀丨乇賶 匕丕鬲丕賸 鬲卮毓乇 亘兀賳賴丕 爻鬲氐賷乇 賲賵囟賵毓丕賸.

丕賳 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 賮賳 賷賮鬲賯乇 丕賱賶 丕賱賷賯賷賳.

賵賴賷 賮賷 丕賱兀睾賱亘 鬲賮氐賱 丕賱丕賳鬲亘丕賴 毓賳 丕賱廿丿乇丕賰 .

賷乇賶 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 兀賳 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 丕賯乇亘 賱賱賲爻乇丨貙 賵賱賲 鬲鬲賲丕爻 賲毓 丕賱賮賳 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱乇爻賲. 賰賲丕 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 乇丕亘胤 兀賵 賵爻賷胤 賷亘毓孬 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲兀賲賱 丨賯丕賸貙 亘賷賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賵丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 貙 兀賱丕 賵賴賵 丕賱賲賵鬲 ! 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕 賰賲丕 賷乇丕賴丕 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲貙 鬲鬲氐賱 賮賷 卮賷亍 賲丕 亘丕賱亘毓孬!

丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丕: 賴賷 賲賵囟賵毓 兀賳孬乇賵賵亘賵賱賵噩賷 噩丿賷丿. 賵賷胤乇丨 賴賳丕 亘丕乇鬲 毓丿丞 鬲爻丕丐賱丕鬲 賴賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 鬲賲丕孬賱賷丞 丕賲 賲卮賮乇丞責 賵賲丕 賴賷 賲丕賴賷丞 丕賱賴賵賷丞 丕賱賮賵鬲賵睾乇丕賮賷丞 責

丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷胤乇丨 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱鬲兀賲賱賷丞貙 丕賱亘丕毓孬丞 毓賱賶 丕賱卮賰 賵丕賱亘丨孬 賵丕賱鬲爻丕丐賱. 賵 賱丕 賷賯丿賲 丕賷噩丕亘丕鬲 丨丕爻賲丞 丕賵 賵丕囟丨丞 賮賷 氐賵乇鬲賴丕 丕賱賰賱賷丞貙 亘賱 賵賲囟丕鬲 賮賰乇賷丞 賳丕亘囟丞.

乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 賲賮賰乇 賲賲鬲毓 賱賱睾丕賷丞. 賵 賱丕 賷賲賱.
Profile Image for Jonfaith.
2,077 reviews1,705 followers
September 27, 2019
It is said that mourning, by its gradual labour, slowly erases pain; I could not, I cannot believe this; because for me, Time eliminates the emotion of loss (I do note weep), that is all.
[listening to Philip Jeck's 7 album as I write, appropriate, evocative.]

This treatment of photography appears grounded in a sense of time and thus in a sense of loss. Ephemeral beings contemplating moments which are lost--even if preserved in an image, the distillation of memory obscures and distorts. Barthes weaves a pair of concepts which illustrate how an image can inform us, or be informed by our recognition of its context or how a photograph can affect us, leave a wound, an impression, an unexpected response or feeling. Barthes cites Godard, who said there is no just image, there's just an image. There's much to ponder in a week when transparency becomes a debatable concept. Somehow this idea of photographic mourning becomes an almost atonement. Barthes notes, [t]he photograph is literally an emanation of the referent.
Profile Image for Alejandro.
49 reviews7 followers
March 8, 2007
while to many this book is another of barthes extended fragmentary ramblings on modern media, this is actually a touching novella about a solitary man's recognition of his own humanity upon the death of his mother. he so longs for transcendence, redemption, and eternal life and he prays it might come through the archives and the text. and yet he sadly worries it might not. and that his intellectual musings have somehow missed the point. if you ever wondered what in search of lost time was really about but didn't want to leaf through the 3000 pages (but i recommend you do that) then this a short treatise on what proust was doing in telling his story.
Profile Image for Mana Ravanbod.
383 reviews228 followers
December 1, 2016
亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 "丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳" 丕夭 毓讴爻賴丕蹖蹖 丨乇賮 賲蹖 夭賳丿 讴賴 亘賴 賴蹖噩丕賳卮 丌賵乇丿賴 丕賳丿 蹖丕 夭禺賲卮 夭丿賴 丕賳丿 -讴賴 丕賵 丕蹖賳 禺丕氐蹖鬲 夭禺賲 夭賳賳丿賴 乇丕 倬賳賴丕賳 丿乇 趩蹖夭蹖 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 讴賴 倬賵賳讴鬲賵賲卮 賲蹖 禺賵丕賳丿- 賵 丿乇 乇賵賳丿 倬丿蹖丿丕乇卮賳丕爻蹖 毓讴爻賴丕蹖 賲賴賲 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕卮貙 賲蹖 乇爻丿 亘賴 毓讴爻 亘丕睾 夭賲爻鬲丕賳蹖 讴賴 讴賵丿讴蹖 賲丕丿乇卮 乇丕 丿乇 禺賵丿 丿丕乇丿 鈥撠ㄘж必� 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 蹖讴蹖 丿賵 爻丕賱蹖 倬爻 丕夭 賲乇诏 賲丕丿乇 賳賵卮鬲- 亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲氐賵蹖乇 鬲賲丕賲 毓讴爻賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 卮丕賳 丨乇賮蹖 賲蹖 夭賳丿貙 蹖丕 匕讴乇蹖 賲蹖 乇賵丿 丕夭卮丕賳貙 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 亘丕 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲. 鈥撡呚敦� 丕蹖賳讴賴 丿乇 趩丕倬 噩丿蹖丿蹖 丕夭 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 讴賴 賲賳 丿丕乇賲貙 讴蹖賮蹖鬲 毓讴爻賴丕 丕蹖賳賯丿乇 亘丿 賵 賲囟丨讴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 賲賵乇丿 丕卮丕乇賴 蹖 亘丕乇鬲 亘賴 賴蹖趩 賵噩賴 倬丿蹖丿丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿貙 爻诏讴 讴賮卮蹖貙 诏乇丿賳亘賳丿 胤賱丕卅蹖貙 夭禺賲 丕賳诏卮鬲貙 亘賳丿 讴賮卮蹖 賵...鈥�
丕賲丕 亘丕乇鬲 賵賯鬲蹖 賲蹖 乇爻丿 亘賴 毓讴爻 "亘丕睾 夭賲爻鬲丕賳蹖" 丿乇 倬乇丕賳鬲夭 賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻丿 讴賴 賲賳 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳賲 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 乇丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳噩丕 趩丕倬 讴賳賲貙 趩賵賳 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 丿乇 爻丕丨鬲 丿乇讴 賵 丨爻 卮賲丕 毓讴爻蹖 毓丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 賴蹖趩 夭禺賲蹖 亘賴 卮賲丕 賳賲蹖 夭賳丿貙 丕蹖賳 毓讴爻 賮賯胤 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿. 亘丕乇鬲 毓讴爻 乇丕 賳卮丕賳賲丕賳 賳賲蹖 丿賴丿 賵 賲丿丕賲 丕夭 丌賳 丨乇賮 賲蹖 夭賳丿. 鈥�
毓讴爻 讴賵丿讴蹖 賲丕丿乇 亘丕乇鬲 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賲丕賲 禺賵丕賳賳丿诏丕賳 诏夭丕乇賴 丕蹖蹖 賲賲讴賳 賵 賲賳鬲馗乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 倬乇丕讴賳丿诏蹖 诏賮鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 亘丕乇鬲 卮讴賱蹖 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 賵 賱丨馗賴 丕蹖蹖 丿蹖诏乇 卮讴賱卮 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 賲蹖 丿賴丿. 賲孬賱 亘丕夭蹖丕亘蹖 趩賴乇賴 丕蹖蹖 丿乇 禺賵丕亘.鈥�
亘丕乇鬲 禺賵丿 丿乇 趩賳丿 氐賮丨賴 賯亘賱 鬲乇貙 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賲乇诏 賲丕丿乇卮 賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻丿 賵 禺賵丕亘 丿蹖丿賳卮 賵 毓讴丕爻蹖貙 賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻丿:鈥�
" 賵 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 毓讴爻 賵 禺賵丕亘 丿蹖丿賳 賴乇 丿賵 賲卮丕亘賴 賴賲 丕賳丿貙 賴賲丕賳 鬲賯賱丕蹖 爻蹖夭蹖賮 賴爻鬲賳丿: 亘丕夭 亘賴 亘丕賱丕 乇賮鬲賳 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賲丕賴蹖鬲貙 亘丕夭 倬丕蹖蹖賳 丌賲丿賳 亘丿賵賳 丿蹖丿賳卮 賵 亘丕夭 丕夭 爻乇诏乇賮鬲賳..."鈥�
鬲丕賰賷丿 賰賳賲 賰賴 丕賷賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 禺賵亘 丿乇丌賲丿賴 賵 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴丕賷 丿賷诏乇 趩賳賷賳 賰賷賮賷鬲賷 賳丿丕乇丿 賲胤賲卅賳 亘丕卮賷丿
丕鬲丕賯 乇賵卮賳 I 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲 I 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 賮乇卮蹖丿 丌匕乇賳诏 I 丨乇賮賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 I 1387鈥�
18 reviews19 followers
November 27, 2015
This is THE PHOTOGRAPHY ! This is THE real art. The photograph is literally an emanation of the referent. From a real body, which was there, proceed radiations which ultimately touch me, who am here; the duration of the transmission is insignificant; the photograph of the missing being, as Sontag says, will touch me like the delayed rays of a star.
I have found my soul on Photography. Thats it.
Profile Image for David.
311 reviews132 followers
August 2, 2010
I spent this afternoon looking through old black & white photos from the fifties taken by my father, of the extended family. My cousins, now dead or old, as they were when young, at birthday, Easter and Christmas parties, and my mother as an attractive young woman with her life before her. Of myself in one group photo, aged 1 year, somewhat annoyed at sliding off my cousin Janet鈥檚 8-year-old knee as I try to read my book, believe it or not!

I鈥檝e often thought this 鈥� that when you look into a camera the audience is unimaginable, and you are dead, along with all your friends and family and other loved ones that you take for granted so much, and indeed your whole world. Everything here as I glance out of the window, is already gone.

I read a diary of mine from 1984 a few years back and I鈥檇 written at one point, 鈥楢ll this, that seems to be happening now, happened many years ago, and I too am dead and gone.鈥� The first part of the sentence was true, and the second part will be fairly soon. All the more reason to tell people unreservedly how much they mean to you before it鈥檚 too late.
Profile Image for Hakan.
224 reviews189 followers
July 30, 2017
barthes'in 枚l眉m眉nden k谋sa s眉re 枚nce tamamlad谋臒谋 bu k眉莽眉k kitap 莽ok g眉zel ve de臒erli. barthes iki b枚l眉me ay谋rd谋臒谋 incelemesinin ilk b枚l眉m眉nde foto臒raf谋n ne oldu臒u ve nas谋l okundu臒u/anlamland谋r谋ld谋臒谋 眉zerine 诲眉艧眉苍肠别lerini sunarken ikinci b枚l眉mde foto臒raf谋n 枚z眉ne y枚neliyor ki fark yaratan b枚l眉m de bu.

foto臒raf谋n 枚z眉n眉 hepimiz biliriz asl谋nda: bir foto臒raf "bu vard谋" der ya da "o buradayd谋" ya da daha 莽arp谋c谋 olarak "i艧te o". barthes bu 枚z眉, muhtemelen di臒er kitaplar谋nda olmad谋臒谋 kadar ki艧iselle艧tirerek, kendi hayat谋ndan izlerle sunuyor. g眉n眉m眉zde foto臒raf谋n sanatsalla艧t谋r谋larak ya da genelle艧tirilip baya臒谋la艧t谋r谋larak yitirilen 枚z眉n眉, varl谋kla-枚l眉mle-hakikatle ili艧kisini g枚rmek ya da yeniden hissetmek i莽in okunmas谋 gereken bir kitap camera lucida.
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