?'s bookshelf: all en-US Fri, 28 Mar 2025 02:19:30 -0700 60 ?'s bookshelf: all 144 41 /images/layout/goodreads_logo_144.jpg Educated 35133922
Her father forbade hospitals, so Tara never saw a doctor or nurse. Gashes and concussions, even burns from explosions, were all treated at home with herbalism. The family was so isolated from mainstream society that there was no one to ensure the children received an education and no one to intervene when one of Tara's older brothers became violent.

Then, lacking any formal education, Tara began to educate herself. She taught herself enough mathematics and grammar to be admitted to Brigham Young University, where she studied history, learning for the first time about important world events like the Holocaust and the civil rights movement. Her quest for knowledge transformed her, taking her over oceans and across continents, to Harvard and to Cambridge. Only then would she wonder if she'd traveled too far, if there was still a way home.

Educated is an account of the struggle for self-invention. It is a tale of fierce family loyalty and of the grief that comes with severing the closest of ties. With the acute insight that distinguishes all great writers, Westover has crafted a universal coming-of-age story that gets to the heart of what an education is and what it offers: the perspective to see one's life through new eyes and the will to change it.]]> 352 Tara Westover 0399590501 ? 2 4.46 2018 Educated
author: Tara Westover
name: ?
average rating: 4.46
book published: 2018
rating: 2
read at: 2025/03/27
date added: 2025/03/28
shelves:
review:
?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ? ?? ??? ? ???? ????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ???.
]]> ?? ???: ???? ???? 228350561 284 ??? 8986868040 ? 2 historical-fiction ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? '?????'? ?? '?????'?? ?? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ???? '??? ??? ???? ? ??'??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.
??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??.
'?????? ???'? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???. 2? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???, ?? '???'? ???? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? '?? ??'?? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????. 2003? ??? ???:?? ??(Hitler: The Rise of evil)? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???, ? ?? ?? ??? '? ? ??'??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??. ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ???? '?? ??'??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???.
?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????. '?? ??'??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??. ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ? ? ??.
?????? ???? ???? ??? ???(‚÷Ó›Îï)? ????.]]> 2.00 1997 ?? ???: ???? ????
author: ???
name: ?
average rating: 2.00
book published: 1997
rating: 2
read at: 2025/02/24
date added: 2025/03/04
shelves: historical-fiction
review:
? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??(ÑÝÁx)?? ?? ? ???.
??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? '?????'? ?? '?????'?? ?? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ???? '??? ??? ???? ? ??'??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.
??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??.
'?????? ???'? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???. 2? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???, ?? '???'? ???? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? '?? ??'?? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????. 2003? ??? ???:?? ??(Hitler: The Rise of evil)? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???, ? ?? ?? ??? '? ? ??'??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??. ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ???? '?? ??'??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???.
?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????. '?? ??'??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??. ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ? ? ??.
?????? ???? ???? ??? ???(‚÷Ó›Îï)? ????.
]]> <![CDATA[Eye-Deep In Hell: Trench Warfare In World War I]]> 198272 224 John Ellis 0801839475 ? 5 ??? ??????? ??? ????? 1? ??????, ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ???, ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ? ???.
?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.
1? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???.]]> 4.01 1976 Eye-Deep In Hell: Trench Warfare In World War I
author: John Ellis
name: ?
average rating: 4.01
book published: 1976
rating: 5
read at: 2025/03/02
date added: 2025/03/02
shelves:
review:
?????? ??, ??, ??? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
??? ??????? ??? ????? 1? ??????, ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ???, ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ? ???.
?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.
1? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???.
]]> <![CDATA[The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had]]> 86145 The Well-Educated Mind, Susan Wise Bauer provides a welcome and encouraging antidote to the distractions of our age, electronic and otherwise. In her previous book, The Well-Trained Mind, the author provided a road map of classical education for parents wishing to home-school their children, and that book is now the premier resource for home-schoolers. In this new book, Bauer takes the same elements and techniques and adapts them to the use of adult readers who want both enjoyment and self-improvement from the time they spend reading.

The Well-Educated Mind offers brief, entertaining histories of five literary genres¡ªfiction, autobiography, history, drama, and poetry¡ªaccompanied by detailed instructions on how to read each type. The annotated lists at the end of each chapter¡ªranging from Cervantes to A. S. Byatt, Herodotus to Laurel Thatcher Ulrich¡ªpreview recommended reading and encourage readers to make vital connections between ancient traditions and contemporary writing.

The Well-Educated Mind reassures those readers who worry that they read too slowly or with below-average comprehension. If you can understand a daily newspaper, there's no reason you can't read and enjoy Shakespeare's Sonnets or Jane Eyre. But no one should attempt to read the "Great Books" without a guide and a plan. Susan Wise Bauer will show you how to allocate time to your reading on a regular basis; how to master a difficult argument; how to make personal and literary judgments about what you read; how to appreciate the resonant links among texts within a genre¡ªwhat does Anna Karenina owe to Madame Bovary?¡ªand also between genres. Followed carefully, the advice in The Well-Educated Mind will restore and expand the pleasure of the written word.]]> 432 Susan Wise Bauer 0393050947 ? 4 ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???.
?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ???.]]> 3.98 2003 The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had
author: Susan Wise Bauer
name: ?
average rating: 3.98
book published: 2003
rating: 4
read at: 2025/01/01
date added: 2025/02/26
shelves:
review:
??? ?? ??? ?? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???.
?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ???.
]]> <![CDATA[The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness]]> 171681821
A must-read for all parents: the generation-defining investigation into the collapse of youth mental health in the era of smartphones, social media, and big tech¡ªand a plan for a healthier, freer childhood.

¡°With tenacity and candor, Haidt lays out the consequences that have come with allowing kids to drift further into the virtual world . . . While also offering suggestions and solutions that could help protect a new generation of kids.¡± ¡ªShannon Carlin, ,i>TIME, 100 Must-Read Books of 2024

After more than a decade of stability or improvement, the mental health of adolescents plunged in the early 2010s. Rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide rose sharply, more than doubling on many measures. Why?

In The Anxious Generation, social psychologist Jonathan Haidt lays out the facts about the epidemic of teen mental illness that hit many countries at the same time. He then investigates the nature of childhood, including why children need play and independent exploration to mature into competent, thriving adults. Haidt shows how the ¡°play-based childhood¡± began to decline in the 1980s, and how it was finally wiped out by the arrival of the ¡°phone-based childhood¡± in the early 2010s. He presents more than a dozen mechanisms by which this ¡°great rewiring of childhood¡± has interfered with children¡¯s social and neurological development, covering everything from sleep deprivation to attention fragmentation, addiction, loneliness, social contagion, social comparison, and perfectionism. He explains why social media damages girls more than boys and why boys have been withdrawing from the real world into the virtual world, with disastrous consequences for themselves, their families, and their societies.

Most important, Haidt issues a clear call to action. He diagnoses the ¡°collective action problems¡± that trap us, and then proposes four simple rules that might set us free. He describes steps that parents, teachers, schools, tech companies, and governments can take to end the epidemic of mental illness and restore a more humane childhood.

Haidt has spent his career speaking truth backed by data in the most difficult landscapes¡ªcommunities polarized by politics and religion, campuses battling culture wars, and now the public health emergency faced by Gen Z. We cannot afford to ignore his findings about protecting our children¡ªand ourselves¡ªfrom the psychological damage of a phone-based life.]]> 400 Jonathan Haidt 0593655036 ? 0 favorites 4.36 2024 The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Caused an Epidemic of Mental Illness
author: Jonathan Haidt
name: ?
average rating: 4.36
book published: 2024
rating: 0
read at:
date added: 2025/02/25
shelves: favorites
review:

]]> <![CDATA[Gobineau: Selected Political Writings (Roots of the Right)]]> 655026 256 Arthur de Gobineau 0224617273 ? 5 4.08 Gobineau: Selected Political Writings (Roots of the Right)
author: Arthur de Gobineau
name: ?
average rating: 4.08
book published:
rating: 5
read at:
date added: 2025/02/25
shelves: political-philosophy, nietzshchean, to-read
review:

]]> <![CDATA[The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting up a Generation for Failure]]> 36556202
First Amendment expert Greg Lukianoff and social psychologist Jonathan Haidt show how the new problems on campus have their origins in three terrible ideas that have become increasingly woven into American childhood and what doesn¡¯t kill you makes you weaker; always trust your feelings; and life is a battle between good people and evil people. These three Great Untruths are incompatible with basic psychological principles, as well as ancient wisdom from many cultures. They interfere with healthy development. Anyone who embraces these untruths¡ªand the resulting culture of safetyism¡ªis less likely to become an autonomous adult able to navigate the bumpy road of life.

Lukianoff and Haidt investigate the many social trends that have intersected to produce these untruths. They situate the conflicts on campus in the context of America¡¯s rapidly rising political polarization, including a rise in hate crimes and off-campus provocation. They explore changes in childhood including the rise of fearful parenting, the decline of unsupervised play, and the new world of social media that has engulfed teenagers in the last decade.

This is a book for anyone who is confused by what is happening on college campuses today, or has children, or is concerned about the growing inability of Americans to live, work, and cooperate across party lines.]]> 352 Jonathan Haidt 0735224900 ? 0 favorites 4.23 2018 The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting up a Generation for Failure
author: Jonathan Haidt
name: ?
average rating: 4.23
book published: 2018
rating: 0
read at: 2024/08/01
date added: 2025/02/25
shelves: favorites
review:

]]> The Agricola and The Germania 25689 Agricola is both a portrait of Julius Agricola - the most famous governor of Roman Britain and Tacitus' well-loved and respected father-in-law - and the first detailed account of Britain that has come down to us. It offers fascinating descriptions of the geography, climate and peoples of the country, and a succinct account of the early stages of the Roman occupation, nearly fatally undermined by Boudicca's revolt in AD 61 but consolidated by campaigns that took Agricola as far as Anglesey and northern Scotland. The warlike German tribes are the focus of Tacitus' attention in the Germania, which, like the Agricola, often compares the behaviour of 'barbarian' peoples favourably with the decadence and corruption of Imperial Rome.]]> 174 Tacitus 0140442413 ? 3 ?? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ??(??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??)? ??? ????, ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.]]> 3.98 98 The Agricola and The Germania
author: Tacitus
name: ?
average rating: 3.98
book published: 98
rating: 3
read at: 2025/02/11
date added: 2025/02/11
shelves:
review:
?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ? ??? ?. ????? ??? ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ?????.
?? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ??(??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??)? ??? ????, ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.
]]> The Vegetarian 25489025
Celebrated by critics around the world, The Vegetarian is a darkly allegorical, Kafka-esque tale of power, obsession, and one woman¡¯s struggle to break free from the violence both without and within her.]]> 188 Han Kang 0553448188 ? 5 Yeong-Hye became a vegetarian after having abominable and gory dreams about bloody meat. That is a metaphor of the degeneration of the civilization. Ancient Greeks and the Romans venerated values like power, dominance and courage. But the propagation of Christianity in Europe weakened the traditional values. Egalitarianism in Christianity embraced weak and inferior and feminine values like love, voluntary poverty and forgiveness. While traditional Greco-Roman values said that human can become divine entity by self-overcoming and disciplining, but Christianity downgraded us humans to passive beings who only hopes for god's salvation, grace or blessing.
But traditional values were not completely perished. While the Romans were fallen, but the Germanic(Aryan) race in Northern Europe still venerated the traditional values. Medieval Chivalry which was made by them proved the superiority of traditional principles again. Medieval Chivalry is a great combination of Christianity and traditional values. That venerates conquerors over martyrs, and integrity and honour over love. Chivalry considers cowardice and dishonour as the worst sin, and that considers that is greater to fight and defeat the enemy than to love or forgive the enemy.
But secularisation, despiritation and pursuit of material things over honour in modernity completely destroyed our traditional values.
Yeong-Hye even started refusing to have sex with her husband. She can't even reproduce. That is a metaphor that means degenerate civilisations which discarded traditional values can't develop anymore.
Later, the protagonist was sent to psych ward. In there, she refused to eat entirely and declares herself as a tree. She died at the end. That is a metaphor for the fall of the degenerate civilisation.
A lot of people(surprisingly including several renowned literature critics) misinterpreted this book as a critique of our society or woke nonsense like eco-feminism. But off course, that is not what Han Kang wanted to say. The novel 'The Vegetarian' is a warning to our degenerate society.]]> 3.61 2007 The Vegetarian
author: Han Kang
name: ?
average rating: 3.61
book published: 2007
rating: 5
read at: 2024/01/01
date added: 2025/01/07
shelves: traditionalism, favorites, nietzshchean
review:
I think that a lot of people misinterpreted the book. This book is about the degeneration of our civilisation. Vegetarianism represents slave moral(Sklavenmoral) while carnivorism represents the master moral(Herrenmoral).
Yeong-Hye became a vegetarian after having abominable and gory dreams about bloody meat. That is a metaphor of the degeneration of the civilization. Ancient Greeks and the Romans venerated values like power, dominance and courage. But the propagation of Christianity in Europe weakened the traditional values. Egalitarianism in Christianity embraced weak and inferior and feminine values like love, voluntary poverty and forgiveness. While traditional Greco-Roman values said that human can become divine entity by self-overcoming and disciplining, but Christianity downgraded us humans to passive beings who only hopes for god's salvation, grace or blessing.
But traditional values were not completely perished. While the Romans were fallen, but the Germanic(Aryan) race in Northern Europe still venerated the traditional values. Medieval Chivalry which was made by them proved the superiority of traditional principles again. Medieval Chivalry is a great combination of Christianity and traditional values. That venerates conquerors over martyrs, and integrity and honour over love. Chivalry considers cowardice and dishonour as the worst sin, and that considers that is greater to fight and defeat the enemy than to love or forgive the enemy.
But secularisation, despiritation and pursuit of material things over honour in modernity completely destroyed our traditional values.
Yeong-Hye even started refusing to have sex with her husband. She can't even reproduce. That is a metaphor that means degenerate civilisations which discarded traditional values can't develop anymore.
Later, the protagonist was sent to psych ward. In there, she refused to eat entirely and declares herself as a tree. She died at the end. That is a metaphor for the fall of the degenerate civilisation.
A lot of people(surprisingly including several renowned literature critics) misinterpreted this book as a critique of our society or woke nonsense like eco-feminism. But off course, that is not what Han Kang wanted to say. The novel 'The Vegetarian' is a warning to our degenerate society.
]]> On the Geneology of Morals 654080 Friedrich Nietzsche ? 3 4.02 1887 On the Geneology of Morals
author: Friedrich Nietzsche
name: ?
average rating: 4.02
book published: 1887
rating: 3
read at: 2024/12/31
date added: 2024/12/31
shelves:
review:

]]> <![CDATA[Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family]]> 80890
As Mann charts the Buddenbrooks¡¯ decline from prosperity to bankruptcy, from moral and psychic soundness to sickly piety, artistic decadence, and madness, he ushers the reader into a world of stunning vitality, pieced together from births and funerals, weddings and divorces, recipes, gossip, and earthy humor.

First published in Germany in 1901, when Mann was only twenty-six, Buddenbrooks surpasses all other modern family chronicles in its immensity of scope, richness of detail, and fullness of humanity. With remarkable fidelity to the original German text, this superb translation emphasizes the magnificent scale of Mann¡¯s achievement in this riveting, tragic novel.]]> 731 Thomas Mann 0679417370 ? 5 This wonderful book is a great example of writing that gets us out of our own limited experience. Kind of like Garcia Marquez in that it is an epic saga about a family but the basic human values and vanities are all the same. A read that needs concentration but has humor and beautiful observations. Also this book contains interesting contrast of two psyches; bourgeois and artist. In a cast of many characters Mann always makes sure that we know who he is writing about by repeating their characteristics or appearance each time they appear. I actually don't know how I dare critique this epic but I loved it.]]> 4.17 1901 Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family
author: Thomas Mann
name: ?
average rating: 4.17
book published: 1901
rating: 5
read at: 2024/01/01
date added: 2024/11/25
shelves: german-literature, schopenhauer
review:
This book is an epic biography of a middle-class family in Lubeck, northern Germany.
This wonderful book is a great example of writing that gets us out of our own limited experience. Kind of like Garcia Marquez in that it is an epic saga about a family but the basic human values and vanities are all the same. A read that needs concentration but has humor and beautiful observations. Also this book contains interesting contrast of two psyches; bourgeois and artist. In a cast of many characters Mann always makes sure that we know who he is writing about by repeating their characteristics or appearance each time they appear. I actually don't know how I dare critique this epic but I loved it.
]]> ???? 60403034 686 ?? ?? 899249212X ? 0 5.00 ????
author: ?? ??
name: ?
average rating: 5.00
book published:
rating: 0
read at: 2024/01/01
date added: 2024/11/24
shelves:
review:

]]> ??? 59983437 263 ??? ? 0 5.00 ???
author: ???
name: ?
average rating: 5.00
book published:
rating: 0
read at:
date added: 2024/11/24
shelves:
review:

]]> The Analects 27297
The Analects are a collection of Confucius¡¯s sayings brought together by his pupils shortly after his death in 497 BC. Together they express a philosophy, or a moral code, by which Confucius, one of the most humane thinkers of all time, believed everyone should live. Upholding the ideals of wisdom, self-knowledge, courage and love of one¡¯s fellow man, he argued that the pursuit of virtue should be every individual¡¯s supreme goal. And, while following the Way, or the truth, might not result in immediate or material gain, Confucius showed that it could nevertheless bring its own powerful and lasting spiritual rewards.

This edition contains a detailed introduction exploring the concepts of the original work, a bibliography and glossary and appendices on Confucius himself, The Analects and the disciples who compiled them.

For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.]]> 249 Confucius 0140443487 ? 5 by Confucius(¿××Ó, BC 551~479) is often mentioned as "The Holy Bible of the East". This book contains Confucius' quotations, his conversation with his disciples or public figures and his thoughts.
This is not only the scripture of Confucians, but also a guidebook for everyone's self-cultivation. Also this book contains political philosophy. Confucians view an individual and family as a microcosm of nation. So, they believe that people need to self-cultivate himself and fix their family before participating in politics. They saw a parallel between self-cultivation and solving social problems.
Open any page of this book, we can vividly feel Confucius' will to change himself and world. Maybe that's why so many people love . ]]> 3.84 -475 The Analects
author: Confucius
name: ?
average rating: 3.84
book published: -475
rating: 5
read at: 2024/01/01
date added: 2024/11/23
shelves: political-philosophy, favorites, confucianism
review:
"×ÓÔ» ¾ý×Ó²©ŒWì¶ÎļsÖ®ÒÔ¶YÒà¿ÉÒÔ¸¥ÅÏÒÓ·ò(Confucius said, Learning broadly and disciplining yourself with propriety is the way to stay on the right path.")
by Confucius(¿××Ó, BC 551~479) is often mentioned as "The Holy Bible of the East". This book contains Confucius' quotations, his conversation with his disciples or public figures and his thoughts.
This is not only the scripture of Confucians, but also a guidebook for everyone's self-cultivation. Also this book contains political philosophy. Confucians view an individual and family as a microcosm of nation. So, they believe that people need to self-cultivate himself and fix their family before participating in politics. They saw a parallel between self-cultivation and solving social problems.
Open any page of this book, we can vividly feel Confucius' will to change himself and world. Maybe that's why so many people love .
]]> Mencius 614121
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700?titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the?series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date?translations by award-winning translators.]]> 246 Mencius 014044971X ? 0 confucianism 3.83 -300 Mencius
author: Mencius
name: ?
average rating: 3.83
book published: -300
rating: 0
read at: 2024/07/01
date added: 2024/11/23
shelves: confucianism
review:

]]> Crime and Punishment 7144 671 Fyodor Dostoevsky ? 4 russian-literature ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.
? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??.
??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? 100?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ??, ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.
???????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ??, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??(????)? ??? ??? ????.
]]> 4.26 1866 Crime and Punishment
author: Fyodor Dostoevsky
name: ?
average rating: 4.26
book published: 1866
rating: 4
read at: 2024/11/22
date added: 2024/11/22
shelves: russian-literature
review:
???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??. ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ?? ? ?? ???? ????, "???? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ? ??"? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? "??? ??"(??????? "??? ??") ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.
??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.
? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??.
??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? 100?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ??, ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.
???????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ??, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??(????)? ??? ??? ????.

]]> <![CDATA[On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History]]> 705331 142 Thomas Carlyle 140694419X ? 5
In this book, the concept of the "ideal hero" is not limited to the image of a strong warrior. Rather, it emphasizes the spiritual aspects and emphasises the importance of ordinary people in becoming heroes. Carlyle lists historical figures that align with his definition of a hero across different eras, praising the values they share. Courage, truthfulness, and justice are among the virtues that these heroes venerate. The author highlights the importance of an enduring and lasting inner beauty over superficial and temporary external traits. This classic is essential reading for modern people who, due to crude egalitarianism, struggle to revere superior heroes.]]> 3.76 1841 On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History
author: Thomas Carlyle
name: ?
average rating: 3.76
book published: 1841
rating: 5
read at: 2024/10/27
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: political-philosophy, german-idealism
review:
Thomas Carlyle is one of the most renowned intellectuals. His idea, which criticised modern society and ideologies, tugged at many people's heartstrings.

In this book, the concept of the "ideal hero" is not limited to the image of a strong warrior. Rather, it emphasizes the spiritual aspects and emphasises the importance of ordinary people in becoming heroes. Carlyle lists historical figures that align with his definition of a hero across different eras, praising the values they share. Courage, truthfulness, and justice are among the virtues that these heroes venerate. The author highlights the importance of an enduring and lasting inner beauty over superficial and temporary external traits. This classic is essential reading for modern people who, due to crude egalitarianism, struggle to revere superior heroes.
]]> Thus Spoke Zarathustra 51893 Thus Spoke Zarathustra is translated from the German by R.J. Hollingdale in Penguin Classics.

Nietzsche was one of the most revolutionary and subversive thinkers in Western philosophy, and Thus Spoke Zarathustra remains his most famous and influential work. It describes how the ancient Persian prophet Zarathustra descends from his solitude in the mountains to tell the world that God is dead and that the Superman, the human embodiment of divinity, is his successor. Nietzsche's utterance 'God is dead', his insistence that the meaning of life is to be found in purely human terms, and his doctrine of the Superman and the will to power were all later seized upon and unrecognisably twisted by, among others, Nazi intellectuals. With blazing intensity and poetic brilliance, Nietzsche argues that the meaning of existence is not to be found in religious pieties or meek submission to authority, but in an all-powerful life passionate, chaotic and free.]]> 327 Friedrich Nietzsche ? 3 nietzshchean Eternal return is the ultimate life-affirming concept: all things return in perpetuity and have absolute value just as they appear before our eyes, and therefore life is to be loved as it is.
This book has been nicknamed ¡°the Bible for modern man¡±. It is difficult to understand because of its many metaphors, analogies, and parables, but it is a book that we must read.]]> 4.10 1883 Thus Spoke Zarathustra
author: Friedrich Nietzsche
name: ?
average rating: 4.10
book published: 1883
rating: 3
read at:
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: nietzshchean
review:
The central concepts of the book are the ¡°Ubermensch¡± and the idea of eternal return. The Ubermensch (Zarathustra) is, in short, an idealized human being who has transcended and overcome all suffering, misery, and even death, and in doing so, he rejects all conventional morality and even Christianity. (¡°God is dead.¡±) However, this dismissal of God also sounds strange because it was Nietzsche who said it. His writings have a kind of mystical power. They are a warning to man.
Eternal return is the ultimate life-affirming concept: all things return in perpetuity and have absolute value just as they appear before our eyes, and therefore life is to be loved as it is.
This book has been nicknamed ¡°the Bible for modern man¡±. It is difficult to understand because of its many metaphors, analogies, and parables, but it is a book that we must read.
]]> <![CDATA[The World as Will and Representation]]> 32827922 One of the most important philosophical works of the nineteenth century, the basic statement of one important stream of post-Kantian thought. It is without question Schopenhauer's greatest work. Conceived and published before the philosopher was 30 and expanded 25 years later, it is the summation of a lifetime of thought.

"...This book will be of interest to general readers, undergraduates, graduates, and scholars in the field."
--George L?z?roiu, PhD, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, New York, Analysis and Metaphysics]]> 1474 Arthur Schopenhauer 1773130404 ? 5 schopenhauer, favorites Because we can never fully satisfy our desires, we are doomed to suffer from a sense of lack and the pain it brings. Two ways to minimize this suffering are through listening to music and achieving self-transcendence through abstinence.
Listening to music is just a temporary solution, but self-transcendence by abstinence is an authentic solution. If we do not desire, then surely we would not suffer from a feeling of lack.
Though Nietzsche criticised Schopenhauer's theory as a "slave moral", it is true that genuine liberation comes from the liberation from desire.]]> 4.33 1818 The World as Will and Representation
author: Arthur Schopenhauer
name: ?
average rating: 4.33
book published: 1818
rating: 5
read at: 2024/09/07
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: schopenhauer, favorites
review:
Schopenhauer's philosophy is based on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. In that book, Kant said that we process the thing-in-itself(Ding an Sich), which we can never truly know, in our minds, and this is what he called phenomenon. Kant stated that we can never know the thing-in-itself, but Schopenhauer argued that it is, in fact, our desires. Our desires are aimless, unpredictable, impulsive, and irrational. Everything we perceive stems from this, and it is also the source of all our actions.
Because we can never fully satisfy our desires, we are doomed to suffer from a sense of lack and the pain it brings. Two ways to minimize this suffering are through listening to music and achieving self-transcendence through abstinence.
Listening to music is just a temporary solution, but self-transcendence by abstinence is an authentic solution. If we do not desire, then surely we would not suffer from a feeling of lack.
Though Nietzsche criticised Schopenhauer's theory as a "slave moral", it is true that genuine liberation comes from the liberation from desire.
]]> Essays and Aphorisms 19510 Parerga and Paralipomena, which he published in 1851. He depicts humanity as locked in a struggle beyond good and evil, each individual absolutely free within a Godless world in which art, morality and self-awareness are our only salvation. This innovative and pessimistic view proved powerfully influential upon philosophy and art, affecting the work of Nietzsche and Wittgenstein among others.]]> 240 Arthur Schopenhauer 0140442278 ? 5 schopenhauer The only way that we can ultimately liberated from pain is to completely throw away our desire.
]]> 4.17 1851 Essays and Aphorisms
author: Arthur Schopenhauer
name: ?
average rating: 4.17
book published: 1851
rating: 5
read at: 2024/03/31
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: schopenhauer
review:
This book shows Schopenhauer's pessimistic view of life. For him, life is just a mischievous play for the conservation of our species by our irrational willness of life. Life is "without any meaning or aim, but the sequence of endless fight against pain by our will of life". Humans die in vain while repeating such dumb actions. In this book, Schopenhauer says that "ultimately happy life" can't exist. He said that best way of living life is living heroic life. Being heroic means achieving self-transcendence by abstinence.
The only way that we can ultimately liberated from pain is to completely throw away our desire.

]]> Critique of Judgment 375410 686 Immanuel Kant 0872200256 ? 4 german-idealism, favorites In the "Critique of Pure Reason," speculative reason (i.e., intellect) was defined to ensure that it does not exceed the limits of experience.

In this process, the empirical realm, which operates under scientific laws, and the supersensible realm, which is governed by moral laws based on the concept of freedom, have become separated.

Human beings possess autonomy, which means they exist with a purpose. (From the Critique of Practical Reason)

However, this autonomy refers to a will that is in accordance with moral law.

Ultimately, humans exist as beings with purpose when they are moral subjects.

The only permissible instance in which a human, who is an end in themselves, exists as a means is when it is in pursuit of "moral purposes," such as good, righteousness, and nobility.
Sublime judgment is the discernment that aligns imagination with reason.

It is the phenomenon that evokes a sense of reverence due to the subject being unexpectedly vast in size and capacity.

However, it is not the natural object itself that is sublime;

rather, natural objects are merely suitable subjects for manifesting the sublimity of the mind.

Similar to how common feeling is presumed for the universal validity of aesthetic judgment,

for the universal validity of sublime judgment, moral sentiment is presupposed.
]]> 4.10 1790 Critique of Judgment
author: Immanuel Kant
name: ?
average rating: 4.10
book published: 1790
rating: 4
read at: 2024/09/17
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: german-idealism, favorites
review:
Judgment is the process of incorporating the particular into universal principles.
In the "Critique of Pure Reason," speculative reason (i.e., intellect) was defined to ensure that it does not exceed the limits of experience.

In this process, the empirical realm, which operates under scientific laws, and the supersensible realm, which is governed by moral laws based on the concept of freedom, have become separated.

Human beings possess autonomy, which means they exist with a purpose. (From the Critique of Practical Reason)

However, this autonomy refers to a will that is in accordance with moral law.

Ultimately, humans exist as beings with purpose when they are moral subjects.

The only permissible instance in which a human, who is an end in themselves, exists as a means is when it is in pursuit of "moral purposes," such as good, righteousness, and nobility.
Sublime judgment is the discernment that aligns imagination with reason.

It is the phenomenon that evokes a sense of reverence due to the subject being unexpectedly vast in size and capacity.

However, it is not the natural object itself that is sublime;

rather, natural objects are merely suitable subjects for manifesting the sublimity of the mind.

Similar to how common feeling is presumed for the universal validity of aesthetic judgment,

for the universal validity of sublime judgment, moral sentiment is presupposed.

]]> <![CDATA[Elements of the Philosophy of Right]]> 25248 569 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 0521348889 ? 3 german-idealism 3.89 1821 Elements of the Philosophy of Right
author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
name: ?
average rating: 3.89
book published: 1821
rating: 3
read at:
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: german-idealism
review:
This book suggests the state(nation) as an individual. Based on that, Hegel explains about his views on rights, law, family and politics. Although his unique dialectical ideas are not clearly presented, it is a book worth reading at least once.
]]> East-West Divan 2969585 "Br?uten in der Locken Ranken,/ denen Schleier, leicht und licht, / Halb nur h¨¹llen den Gedanken, / gleicht, o Hafis, dein Gedicht".

Berauscht von der Lekt¨¹re des Diwans im Juni 1814 ¨¹bernahm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe das Bild von der "Wortbraut" und stellte es als gleichnishaftes Motto dem Buch Hafis seines West-?stlichen Divans (1819/1827) "Sei das Wort die Braut genannt" -- eine Hommage an den persischen "Zwilling", die der Weimarer Geheime Rat auch als Verpflichtung f¨¹r das eigene Schreiben verstand. Tats?chlich ist Goethe in seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Hafis ein ¨¹beraus sinnliches St¨¹ck Weltliteratur gelungen, dessen Verfasser das gesamte Spektrum literarischer M?glichkeiten wie ein Br?utigam umgreifen will und in souver?ner Beherrschung von allt?glicher und gehobener, euphorischer und ironischer Rede die "Lieb-, Lied- und Weinestrunkenheit" im Harem der Worte zu verm?hlen sucht.

Am deutlichsten wird diese quasi erotische Verbindung von Werk und Sch?pfer im Buch Suleika , jenem autobiographisch an die 30j?hrige Marianne von Willemer gerichteten Meisterst¨¹ck, das den Austausch mit der Geliebten zum leidenschaftlichen Dialog des 66j?hrigen Dichters auch mit der Sprache werden l?? "Sich liebend aneinander zu laben / Wird Paradieses Wonne sein". Da? Marianne, wie man inzwischen wei?, einige der sch?nsten Gedichte zum Buch Suleika beisteuerte, hebt das Zwiegespr?ch zwischen der jungen Suleika und dem greisen Hatem innerhalb der Sammlung auf ein neues, pikant-intimes Niveau.

"Den berauschendsten Lebensgenu? hat Goethe hier in Verse gebracht", schrieb Heinrich Heine 1836 in der Romantischen Schule , "und diese sind so leicht, so gl¨¹cklich, so hingehaucht, so ?therisch, da? man sich wundert, wie dergleichen in der deutschen Sprache m?glich war". M?glich war dieser unbeschreibliche Zauber des Divans nur als trunkene, raumzeitlich losgel?ste Liebeserkl?rung des Dichters an die unendliche, Orient und Okzident, Geist und Humor, Jugend und Alter, Liebhaber und Geliebte in jeder Strophe neu vereinende Poesie.

Der Schwiegertochter Ottilie erl?uterte Goethe am 21. Juni 1818 die Absicht seiner "Ihre Bestimmung ist es, uns von der Gegenwart abzul?sen und uns f¨¹r den Augenblick dem Gef¨¹hl nach in die grenzenlose Freiheit zu versetzen. Dies ist zu einer jeden Zeit wohlt?tig, besonders zu der unseren". Wenn dies mit einer derart lyrischen Virtuosit?t wie im West-?stlichen Divan gelingt, gilt dieser Auspruch bis heute. -- Thomas K?ster]]> 370 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 096319027X ? 5 german-literature 4.02 1819 East-West Divan
author: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
name: ?
average rating: 4.02
book published: 1819
rating: 5
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date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: german-literature
review:

]]> Faust 406373 Faust reworks the late medieval myth of a brilliant scholar so disillusioned he resolves to make a contract with Mephistopheles. The devil will do all he asks on Earth and seeks to grant him a moment in life so glorious that he will wish it to last forever. But if Faust does bid the moment stay, he falls to Mephistopheles and must serve him after death. In this first part of Goethe¡¯s great work, the embittered thinker and Mephistopheles enter into their agreement, and soon Faust is living a rejuvenated life and winning the love of the beautiful Gretchen. But in this compelling tragedy of arrogance, unfulfilled desire, and self-delusion, Faust heads inexorably toward an infernal destruction.]]> 503 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 0385031149 ? 5 german-literature, favorites Gretchen's denial of her will was quite sublime.]]> 3.90 1808 Faust
author: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
name: ?
average rating: 3.90
book published: 1808
rating: 5
read at: 2024/09/21
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: german-literature, favorites
review:
One of the best Classics. Part two is relatively hard to read but not so extreme.
Gretchen's denial of her will was quite sublime.
]]> The Pilgrim's Progress 29797 Along a road filled with monsters and spiritual terrors, Christian confronts such emblematic characters as Worldly Wiseman, Giant Despair, Talkative, Ignorance, and the demons of the Valley of the Shadow of Death. But he is also joined by Hopeful and Faithful.
An enormously influential 17th-century classic, universally known for its simplicity, vigor, and beauty of language, The Pilgrim's Progress remains one of the most widely read books in the English language.]]> 324 John Bunyan ? 5 favorites, english-literature 4.05 1678 The Pilgrim's Progress
author: John Bunyan
name: ?
average rating: 4.05
book published: 1678
rating: 5
read at: 2024/11/01
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: favorites, english-literature
review:

]]> <![CDATA[Reflections on the Revolution in France]]> 160019 terrible proportions--the Industrial, American, and French Revolutions, to name the most obvious--Burke's Reflections of the Revolution in France displays an acute awareness of how high political stakes can be, as well as a keen ability to set contemporary problems within a wider context of
political theory.]]> 252 Edmund Burke 0192839780 ? 5 political-philosophy Burke's views on human nature was quite pessimistic, like Hobbes and Schopenhauer. He knew that humans are not perfect, so he thought that it is quite dangerous to build an utopia by artificial politics. That is the crucial notion of conservatism. Long story short, no matter how much someone can navigate a ship well, he still have to depend on compass and map. We have to create policies based on tradition, which is a wisdom gained through experience, rather than based on unnatural utopianism and bureaucracy because human is not perfect. That's why we have to preserve traditions.
Edmund Burke was a conservative, but not a reactionary. Reactionaries in his contemporary championed absolute monarchy based on divine rights. But unlike them, Burke supported the traditional system and monarchy because of philosophical and scientific reasons, not religion. He favoured the British constitution, which merged human rights and tradition well.
Several nations in history, especially communist nations tried to make an utopia, but all of them fall into tyranny. To make a stable and orderly society, wee must never forget Burke's teachings.]]> 3.75 1790 Reflections on the Revolution in France
author: Edmund Burke
name: ?
average rating: 3.75
book published: 1790
rating: 5
read at: 2024/06/17
date added: 2024/11/14
shelves: political-philosophy
review:
I was taught in school that the French Revolution was a good thing that brought us prosperity, liberty and equality. France before revolution was demonized in history textbook. But after reading this book, though of course that this book is not entirely accurate, changed my views.
Burke's views on human nature was quite pessimistic, like Hobbes and Schopenhauer. He knew that humans are not perfect, so he thought that it is quite dangerous to build an utopia by artificial politics. That is the crucial notion of conservatism. Long story short, no matter how much someone can navigate a ship well, he still have to depend on compass and map. We have to create policies based on tradition, which is a wisdom gained through experience, rather than based on unnatural utopianism and bureaucracy because human is not perfect. That's why we have to preserve traditions.
Edmund Burke was a conservative, but not a reactionary. Reactionaries in his contemporary championed absolute monarchy based on divine rights. But unlike them, Burke supported the traditional system and monarchy because of philosophical and scientific reasons, not religion. He favoured the British constitution, which merged human rights and tradition well.
Several nations in history, especially communist nations tried to make an utopia, but all of them fall into tyranny. To make a stable and orderly society, wee must never forget Burke's teachings.
]]> The Philosophy of History 25241 Eschewing the methods of original history (written during the period in question) and reflective history (written after the period has passed), Hegel embraces philosophic history, which employs a priori philosophical thought to interpret history as a rational process. Reason rules history, he asserts, through its infinite freedom (being self-sufficient, it depends on nothing beyond its own laws and conclusions) and power (through which it forms its own laws). Hegel argues that all of history is caused and guided by a rational process, and God's seemingly unknowable plan is rendered intelligible through philosophy. The notion that reason rules the world, he concludes, is both necessary to the practice of philosophic history and a conclusion drawn from that practice.]]> 480 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 0486437558 ? 1 german-idealism 3.83 1831 The Philosophy of History
author: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
name: ?
average rating: 3.83
book published: 1831
rating: 1
read at: 2024/01/01
date added: 2024/11/13
shelves: german-idealism
review:

]]> Notes from Underground 49455 Notes from Underground marks the dividing line between nineteenth- and twentieth-century fiction, and between the visions of self each century embodied. One of the most remarkable characters in literature, the unnamed narrator is a former official who has defiantly withdrawn into an underground existence. In complete retreat from society, he scrawls a passionate, obsessive, self-contradictory narrative that serves as a devastating attack on social utopianism and an assertion of man¡¯s essentially irrational nature.

Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, whose Dostoevsky translations have become the standard, give us a brilliantly faithful edition of this classic novel, conveying all the tragedy and tormented comedy of the original.]]> 136 Fyodor Dostoevsky 067973452X ? 0 to-read 4.21 1864 Notes from Underground
author: Fyodor Dostoevsky
name: ?
average rating: 4.21
book published: 1864
rating: 0
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date added: 2024/11/13
shelves: to-read
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]]> On the Basis of Morality 19513 Arthur Schopenhauer 0872204421 ? 4 schopenhauer People often think that they are the only ones who has will to live. Therefore, focusing solely on one's own desires makes it easy to ignore others. Schopenhauer suggests compassion as the foundation of morality. Understanding compassion, that is, recognizing the 'suffering from the will' of others as well as oneself, can be seen as understanding the world's truth that everything has a will and suffers from it. I believe our society could create a better world if we emphasized empathy and compassion more, especially in education.]]> 4.02 1840 On the Basis of Morality
author: Arthur Schopenhauer
name: ?
average rating: 4.02
book published: 1840
rating: 4
read at: 2024/10/01
date added: 2024/11/09
shelves: schopenhauer
review:
Schopenhauer considered "will to live(ambitionless and irrational)" as Kant's thing in itself. Everything, even inanimate has instinct of will to live. It is the drive of self-preservation and preservation of the species through reproduction. That's why we crave pleasure. But no one can completely fulfill their desire. So life is painful.
People often think that they are the only ones who has will to live. Therefore, focusing solely on one's own desires makes it easy to ignore others. Schopenhauer suggests compassion as the foundation of morality. Understanding compassion, that is, recognizing the 'suffering from the will' of others as well as oneself, can be seen as understanding the world's truth that everything has a will and suffers from it. I believe our society could create a better world if we emphasized empathy and compassion more, especially in education.
]]> Parerga and Paralipomena 1756542 subject-headings. These works won widespread attention with their publication in 1851, helping to secure lasting international fame for Schopenhauer. Indeed, their intellectual vigor, literary power, and rich diversity are still extraordinary even today.]]> 664 Arthur Schopenhauer 1602063443 ? 5 schopenhauer In this book, Schopenhauer introduces ways to read better. The methods presented in the book are all correct, though somewhat obvious(and trite). However, the key point is the critique of the inferiorness of popular contemporary books written to make money, and the discussion on the importance of reading classics.
"Classics are for all. Only books like these can enlighten us."
"There's no better experience than reading Greek and Roman classics as a refresher of life."]]> 4.30 1851 Parerga and Paralipomena
author: Arthur Schopenhauer
name: ?
average rating: 4.30
book published: 1851
rating: 5
read at: 2024/08/02
date added: 2024/11/09
shelves: schopenhauer
review:
Schopenhauer was an opponent of Hegel, whose philosophy was quite popular back then. Hegel has a reputation for ornate and prolix writing style. But Schopenhauer was anything but long-winded. He expressed his argument clearly and straightforwardly without using overly complex words. He criticised the intellectuals who made mockery of their readers with overly prolix words.
In this book, Schopenhauer introduces ways to read better. The methods presented in the book are all correct, though somewhat obvious(and trite). However, the key point is the critique of the inferiorness of popular contemporary books written to make money, and the discussion on the importance of reading classics.
"Classics are for all. Only books like these can enlighten us."
"There's no better experience than reading Greek and Roman classics as a refresher of life."
]]> ??? ?? ?? 60260491 233 ??? ? 0 to-read 5.00 ??? ?? ??
author: ???
name: ?
average rating: 5.00
book published:
rating: 0
read at:
date added: 2024/10/30
shelves: to-read
review:

]]> <![CDATA[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]> 60080 120 Immanuel Kant 0521626951 ? 5 german-idealism I recommend this book for Kant beginners.]]> 3.85 1785 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
author: Immanuel Kant
name: ?
average rating: 3.85
book published: 1785
rating: 5
read at:
date added: 2024/10/20
shelves: german-idealism
review:
A simpler version of . This book describes crucial notions of Kantian ethics like Categorical Imperative and personalism not so hard.
I recommend this book for Kant beginners.
]]> <![CDATA[Addresses to the German Nation]]> 7690321 254 Johann Gottlieb Fichte 0521448735 ? 4 german-idealism
This was the time of the so-called Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Napoleon, who had conquered all of Europe, had occupied Germany without exception, and seeing the German people so helpless under the hooves of the French army, Fichte felt that they needed a rallying cry. So, for three months, from December 13, 1807, to March 12 of the following year, Fichte lectured every Sunday at the German Hanlin Institute.

Despite the sounds of French military bands and hoofbeats outside and the watchful eyes of the guards in the auditorium, Fichte stood firm and delivered a lecture aimed at arousing the patriotism of the German people, whose main theme was national liberation through the revitalization of education.
In these lectures, Fichte emphasized that the way to rebuild Germany lay first and foremost in the revitalization of the national spirit, which was a great encouragement to the German people.

This book is organized as follows: Lecture 1 is an introduction, Lectures 2 through 11 are on the theory of the education of the German people, Lectures 12 and 13 are on the enlightenment of the German people who should be in charge of the education of the German people, and Lecture 14 is a conclusion. All of these lectures are in their original form, except for Lecture 13, whose manuscript was lost by the censors.

The main point of this lecture is that the fundamental cause of the ruin of the German people is selfishness, and that this selfishness must be overcome by a new national education. This new national education is combined with Pestalozzi's educational ideas, which emphasize the importance of subjective mental activity, and when this education awakens a true national consciousness in Germany, the German people can regain their lost independence and fulfill their true function as a people in world history.

For Fichte, the new education is a national education, an education that stimulates the mental self-activity of the student. Fichte absolutely agrees with Pestalozzi's religious theory and considers Pestalozzi comparable to Luther, the consummator of the Reformation, but he also criticizes Pestalozzi's educational theory for its weaknesses. In short, Fichte's idea of national education is a general human education, which is the premise of an education that allows people to discover for themselves and develop their own minds, rather than accumulate knowledge that is imposed upon them. Fichte's concern is with the question of how to educate the German people in such a way that they would not fall into a state of neglect and despair.

According to Fichte, human reason unfolds through language, so that the national language is not shaped by man, but rather man is shaped by the national language. Language is the decisive factor that shapes the character of a people. Therefore, the use of the German language is the most important requirement for claiming to be German: only those who speak German are German.

Through this article,

First, we can learn what true patriotism is. Fichte's idea that love for one's own people, its own language and culture, and a belief in its infinite development and improvement is true patriotism.

Second, we can sense the right direction of education. It makes us think about where we should set the direction of national education or subjective education.

Third, we can sense what true subjectivity, especially national subjectivity, should be. Of course, even if Fichte's idea of national subjectivity is already outdated, its fundamental orientation still has life.

Fourth, Fichte's macro-view and his patience are particularly inspiring. His persuasion that true revival was possible only through the thorough improvement of the German people, and that the final goal should be reached by education without haste and with determination, is a valuable lesson for our attitude toward history.

Fifth, it makes us reconsider the role of intellectuals. Especially in the conclusion, when the author solemnly laments the attitude of intellectuals who flattered or remained silent when their country was on the path of destruction, and then, once the powerful man fell, condemned him as if all his faults were his own.]]> 3.27 1808 Addresses to the German Nation
author: Johann Gottlieb Fichte
name: ?
average rating: 3.27
book published: 1808
rating: 4
read at: 2024/09/09
date added: 2024/09/27
shelves: german-idealism
review:
In 1806, when Prussia was in crisis after losing the war with Napoleon, philosopher J.G. Fichte delivered a patriotic lecture in the auditorium of the Berlin Academy under enemy occupation.

This was the time of the so-called Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Napoleon, who had conquered all of Europe, had occupied Germany without exception, and seeing the German people so helpless under the hooves of the French army, Fichte felt that they needed a rallying cry. So, for three months, from December 13, 1807, to March 12 of the following year, Fichte lectured every Sunday at the German Hanlin Institute.

Despite the sounds of French military bands and hoofbeats outside and the watchful eyes of the guards in the auditorium, Fichte stood firm and delivered a lecture aimed at arousing the patriotism of the German people, whose main theme was national liberation through the revitalization of education.
In these lectures, Fichte emphasized that the way to rebuild Germany lay first and foremost in the revitalization of the national spirit, which was a great encouragement to the German people.

This book is organized as follows: Lecture 1 is an introduction, Lectures 2 through 11 are on the theory of the education of the German people, Lectures 12 and 13 are on the enlightenment of the German people who should be in charge of the education of the German people, and Lecture 14 is a conclusion. All of these lectures are in their original form, except for Lecture 13, whose manuscript was lost by the censors.

The main point of this lecture is that the fundamental cause of the ruin of the German people is selfishness, and that this selfishness must be overcome by a new national education. This new national education is combined with Pestalozzi's educational ideas, which emphasize the importance of subjective mental activity, and when this education awakens a true national consciousness in Germany, the German people can regain their lost independence and fulfill their true function as a people in world history.

For Fichte, the new education is a national education, an education that stimulates the mental self-activity of the student. Fichte absolutely agrees with Pestalozzi's religious theory and considers Pestalozzi comparable to Luther, the consummator of the Reformation, but he also criticizes Pestalozzi's educational theory for its weaknesses. In short, Fichte's idea of national education is a general human education, which is the premise of an education that allows people to discover for themselves and develop their own minds, rather than accumulate knowledge that is imposed upon them. Fichte's concern is with the question of how to educate the German people in such a way that they would not fall into a state of neglect and despair.

According to Fichte, human reason unfolds through language, so that the national language is not shaped by man, but rather man is shaped by the national language. Language is the decisive factor that shapes the character of a people. Therefore, the use of the German language is the most important requirement for claiming to be German: only those who speak German are German.

Through this article,

First, we can learn what true patriotism is. Fichte's idea that love for one's own people, its own language and culture, and a belief in its infinite development and improvement is true patriotism.

Second, we can sense the right direction of education. It makes us think about where we should set the direction of national education or subjective education.

Third, we can sense what true subjectivity, especially national subjectivity, should be. Of course, even if Fichte's idea of national subjectivity is already outdated, its fundamental orientation still has life.

Fourth, Fichte's macro-view and his patience are particularly inspiring. His persuasion that true revival was possible only through the thorough improvement of the German people, and that the final goal should be reached by education without haste and with determination, is a valuable lesson for our attitude toward history.

Fifth, it makes us reconsider the role of intellectuals. Especially in the conclusion, when the author solemnly laments the attitude of intellectuals who flattered or remained silent when their country was on the path of destruction, and then, once the powerful man fell, condemned him as if all his faults were his own.
]]> The Gulag Archipelago 246422 660 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 0060803320 ? 0 to-read 4.34 1973 The Gulag Archipelago
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]]> The Decline of the West 801754 The Decline of the West has ranked as one of the most widely read and most talked about books of our time. In all its various editions, it has sold nearly 100,000 copies. A twentieth-century Cassandra, Oswald Spengler thoroughly probed the origin and "fate" of our civilization, and the result can be (and has been) read as a prophesy of the Nazi regime. His challenging views have led to harsh criticism over the years, but the knowledge and eloquence that went into his sweeping study of Western culture have kept The Decline of the West alive. As the face of Germany and Europe as a whole continues to change each day, The Decline of the West cannot be ignored.

The abridgment, prepared by the German scholar Helmut Werner, with the blessing of the Spengler estate, consists of selections from the original (translated into English by Charles Francis Atkinson) linked by explanatory passages which have been put into English by Arthur Helps. H. Stuart Hughes has written a new introduction for this edition.

In this engrossing and highly controversial philosophy of history, Spengler describes how we have entered into a centuries-long "world-historical" phase comparable to late antiquity. Guided by the philosophies of Goethe and Nietzsche, he rejects linear progression, and instead presents a world view based on the cyclical rise and decline of civilizations. He argues that a culture blossoms from the soil of a definable landscape and dies when it has exhausted all of its possibilities.

Despite Spengler's reputation today as an extreme pessimist, The Decline of the West remains essential reading for anyone interested in the history of civilization.

]]> 486 Oswald Spengler 0195066340 ? 0 to-read 4.09 1918 The Decline of the West
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]]> Reflections on Things at Hand 1038433 441 Zhu Xi 0231028199 ? 4 neoconfucianism Like Spinoza, Chu believed that everything on earth possesses the heavenly law. So in his theory, we have to self-cultivate ourself by analyzing everything. Through this process, we can become entitled to solve social problems.]]> 4.11 1966 Reflections on Things at Hand
author: Zhu Xi
name: ?
average rating: 4.11
book published: 1966
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is a philosophical work by Song(ËÎ) Neo-Confucian philosopher Chu Hsi(Öììä).
Like Spinoza, Chu believed that everything on earth possesses the heavenly law. So in his theory, we have to self-cultivate ourself by analyzing everything. Through this process, we can become entitled to solve social problems.
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