Mag's bookshelf: neuroscience en-US Sat, 06 Jan 2018 18:46:03 -0800 60 Mag's bookshelf: neuroscience 144 41 /images/layout/goodreads_logo_144.jpg Other Minds 28116739
In Other Minds, Peter Godfrey-Smith, a distinguished philosopher of science and a skilled scuba diver, tells a bold new story of how subjective experience crept into being—how nature became aware of itself. As Godfrey-Smith stresses, it is a story that largely occurs in the ocean, where animals first appeared. Tracking the mind’s fitful development, Godfrey-Smith shows how unruly clumps of seaborne cells began living together and became capable of sensing, acting, and signaling. As these primitive organisms became more entangled with others, they grew more complicated. The first nervous systems evolved, probably in ancient relatives of jellyfish; later on, the cephalopods, which began as inconspicuous mollusks, abandoned their shells and rose above the ocean floor, searching for prey and acquiring the greater intelligence needed to do so. Taking an independent route, mammals and birds later began their own evolutionary journeys.

But what kind of intelligence do cephalopods possess? Drawing on the latest scientific research and his own scuba-diving adventures, Godfrey-Smith probes the many mysteries that surround the lineage. How did the octopus, a solitary creature with little social life, become so smart? What is it like to have eight tentacles that are so packed with neurons that they virtually “think for themselves�? What happens when some octopuses abandon their hermit-like ways and congregate, as they do in a unique location off the coast of Australia?

By tracing the question of inner life back to its roots and comparing human beings with our most remarkable animal relatives, Godfrey-Smith casts crucial new light on the octopus mind—and on our own.]]>
257 Peter Godfrey-Smith 0374227764 Mag 5 3.86 2016 Other Minds
author: Peter Godfrey-Smith
name: Mag
average rating: 3.86
book published: 2016
rating: 5
read at: 2018/01/04
date added: 2018/01/06
shelves: animal-cognition, neuroscience
review:

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<![CDATA[Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think]]> 222043 336 Marc Hauser 080505670X Mag 3 The book does not answer the question it poses: What Do Animals Really Think? either, or rather answers it with certainty that we will never know�
It does seem to be very difficult to make firm conclusions about what's going on in animal minds, but I think Hauser tries to stay very cautious, too cautious in fact. He is probably guilty more of anthropocentrism than anthropomorphism. Since an animal is not a human, and it does have self awareness and highly developed self reflection ability and moral sense, it cannot experience ‘higher emotions�. Consequently, he denies animals the ability to deceive, feelings of shame, guilt, embarrassment, grief over other deceased members of their group (as observed in elephant herds or monkey mother-child relationships), and empathy for the suffering of others (as in experiments of rats hurting other rats). I find such reasoning suspect since animals most probably have rudimentary precursor emotions of that kind, more or less developed in different species, as nothing comes out of the blue.
Hauser seems to be so hung up on measurable experiment results and so terrified of anthropomorphizing animals that he forgets that we are animals as well, and some of the moral sense (empathy, etc) must be common to both other animals and humans, the more so, the higher they are on the evolutionary ladder.
Anyway, there are scientists who do not entirely agree with him. It was interesting to read about it, but I think I would like to read a more current/ different views on the subject as well.
2.5/5
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3.69 2000 Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think
author: Marc Hauser
name: Mag
average rating: 3.69
book published: 2000
rating: 3
read at: 2010/11/21
date added: 2016/11/26
shelves: non-fiction, psychology, neuroscience, animals, brain
review:
Marc Hauser examines cognitive abilities of animals and their moral sense. He claims that some of the tools for thinking are universal, shared by all animals and humans. The universal toolkit provides animals with a basic capacity to recognize objects, count and navigate. According to Hauser, animals are not equipped with language, self awareness, higher emotions or moral instincts. Whereas by and large I find his conclusions sound, I am somewhat disappointed by the narrowness of the interpretation of the results of his experiments.
The book does not answer the question it poses: What Do Animals Really Think? either, or rather answers it with certainty that we will never know�
It does seem to be very difficult to make firm conclusions about what's going on in animal minds, but I think Hauser tries to stay very cautious, too cautious in fact. He is probably guilty more of anthropocentrism than anthropomorphism. Since an animal is not a human, and it does have self awareness and highly developed self reflection ability and moral sense, it cannot experience ‘higher emotions�. Consequently, he denies animals the ability to deceive, feelings of shame, guilt, embarrassment, grief over other deceased members of their group (as observed in elephant herds or monkey mother-child relationships), and empathy for the suffering of others (as in experiments of rats hurting other rats). I find such reasoning suspect since animals most probably have rudimentary precursor emotions of that kind, more or less developed in different species, as nothing comes out of the blue.
Hauser seems to be so hung up on measurable experiment results and so terrified of anthropomorphizing animals that he forgets that we are animals as well, and some of the moral sense (empathy, etc) must be common to both other animals and humans, the more so, the higher they are on the evolutionary ladder.
Anyway, there are scientists who do not entirely agree with him. It was interesting to read about it, but I think I would like to read a more current/ different views on the subject as well.
2.5/5

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<![CDATA[The Brain's Way of Healing: Remarkable Discoveries and Recoveries from the Frontiers of Neuroplasticity]]> 22522293
ÌýThe New York Times –bestselling author of The Brain That Changes Itself presents astounding advances in the treatment of brain injury and illness. Now in an updated and expanded paperback edition.

Winner of the 2015 Gold Nautilus Book Award in Science & Cosmology

In his groundbreaking work The Brain That Changes Itself , Norman Doidge introduced readers to neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to change its own structure and function in response to activity and mental experience. Now his revolutionary new book shows how the amazing process of neuroplastic healing really works. The Brain’s Way of Healin g describes natural, noninvasive avenues into the brain provided by the energy around us—in light, sound, vibration, and movement—that can awaken the brain’s own healing capacities without producing unpleasant side effects. Doidge explores cases where patients alleviated chronic pain; recovered from debilitating strokes, brain injuries, and learning disorders; overcame attention deficit and learning disorders; and found relief from symptoms of autism, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and cerebral palsy. And we learn how to vastly reduce the risk of dementia, with simple approaches anyone can use.
Ìý
For centuries it was believed that the brain’s complexity prevented recovery from damage or disease. The Brain’s Way of Healing shows that this very sophistication is the source of a unique kind of healing. As he did so lucidly in The Brain That Changes Itself , Doidge uses stories to present cutting-edge science with practical real-world applications, and principles that everyone can apply to improve their brain’s performance and health.]]>
409 Norman Doidge 067002550X Mag 5 science, neuroscience 4.18 2015 The Brain's Way of Healing: Remarkable Discoveries and Recoveries from the Frontiers of Neuroplasticity
author: Norman Doidge
name: Mag
average rating: 4.18
book published: 2015
rating: 5
read at: 2016/09/15
date added: 2016/09/16
shelves: science, neuroscience
review:

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<![CDATA[The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion]]> 11324722 An alternate cover edition of ISBN 9780307377906 can be found here.

Why can’t our political leaders work together as threats loom and problems mount? Why do people so readily assume the worst about the motives of their fellow citizens? In The Righteous Mind, social psychologist Jonathan Haidt explores the origins of our divisions and points the way forward to mutual understanding.
Ìý
His starting point is moral intuition—the nearly instantaneous perceptions we all have about other people and the things they do. These intuitions feel like self-evident truths, making us righteously certain that those who see things differently are wrong. Haidt shows us how these intuitions differ across cultures, including the cultures of the political left and right. He blends his own research findings with those of anthropologists, historians, and other psychologists to draw a map of the moral domain. He then examines the origins of morality, overturning the view that evolution made us fundamentally selfish creatures. But rather than arguing that we are innately altruistic, he makes a more subtle claim—that we are fundamentally groupish. It is our groupishness, he explains, that leads to our greatest joys, our religious divisions, and our political affiliations. In a stunning final chapter on ideology and civility, Haidt shows what each side is right about, and why we need the insights of liberals, conservatives, and libertarians to flourish as a nation.]]>
419 Jonathan Haidt Mag 4 4.18 2012 The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
author: Jonathan Haidt
name: Mag
average rating: 4.18
book published: 2012
rating: 4
read at:
date added: 2016/01/31
shelves: science, psychology, brain, neuroscience
review:

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<![CDATA[Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness]]> 13547180 New York Times bestseller that goes far beyond its riveting medical mystery, Brain on Fire is the powerful account of one woman’s struggle to recapture her identity.

When twenty-four-year-old Susannah Cahalan woke up alone in a hospital room, strapped to her bed and unable to move or speak, she had no memory of how she’d gotten there. Days earlier, she had been on the threshold of a new, adult life: at the beginning of her first serious relationship and a promising career at a major New York newspaper. Now she was labeled violent, psychotic, a flight risk. What happened?

In a swift and breathtaking narrative, Cahalan tells the astonishing true story of her descent into madness, her family’s inspiring faith in her, and the lifesaving diagnosis that nearly didn’t happen.]]>
250 Susannah Cahalan 145162137X Mag 4 4.06 2012 Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness
author: Susannah Cahalan
name: Mag
average rating: 4.06
book published: 2012
rating: 4
read at: 2014/03/15
date added: 2014/03/16
shelves: audible, autobiography, brain, medical-ethics, neuroscience, science, non-fiction
review:

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<![CDATA[The Spiritual Doorway in the Brain: A Neurologist's Search for the God Experience]]> 8414134
If Buddha had been in an MRI machine and not under the Bodhi tree when he attained enlightenment, what would we have seen on the monitor?

Dr. Kevin Nelson offers an answer to that question that is beyond what any scientist has previously encountered on the borderlands of consciousness. In his cutting-edge research, Nelson has discovered that spiritual experiences take place in one of the most primitive areas of the brain. In this eloquent, inspired, and reverent book, he relates the moving stories of patients and research subjects, brain scan analysis, evolutionary biology, and beautiful examples of transcendence from literature to reveal the machinery in our heads that enables us to perceive miracles-whether you are an atheist, Buddhist, or the most devout Catholic. The patients and people Nelson discuss have had an extremely diverse set of spiritual experiences, from arguing with the devil sitting at the foot of their hospital bed to seeing the universe synchronize around the bouncing of the ball in a pinball machine. However, the bizarre experiences don't make the people seem like freaks; they seem strangely very much like us, in surprising ways. Ultimately Nelson makes clear that spiritual experiences are not the exception in human life, but rather an inescapable and precious part of every one of us.]]>
336 Kevin Nelson 0525951881 Mag 0 3.77 2010 The Spiritual Doorway in the Brain: A Neurologist's Search for the God Experience
author: Kevin Nelson
name: Mag
average rating: 3.77
book published: 2010
rating: 0
read at: 2013/04/01
date added: 2013/04/01
shelves: potentially-interesting, neuroscience, abandoned
review:

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<![CDATA[The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God]]> 380955 You've probably seen it before: a human brain dramatically lit from the side, the camera circling it like a helicopter shot of Stonehenge, and a modulated baritone voice exalting the brain's elegant design in reverent tones.

To which this book says: Pure nonsense. In a work at once deeply learned and wonderfully accessible, the neuroscientist David Linden counters the widespread assumption that the brain is a paragon of design--and in its place gives us a compelling explanation of how the brain's serendipitous evolution has resulted in nothing short of our humanity. A guide to the strange and often illogical world of neural function, The Accidental Mind shows how the brain is not an optimized, general-purpose problem-solving machine, but rather a weird agglomeration of ad-hoc solutions that have been piled on through millions of years of evolutionary history. Moreover, Linden tells us how the constraints of evolved brain design have ultimately led to almost every transcendent human foible: our long childhoods, our extensive memory capacity, our search for love and long-term relationships, our need to create compelling narrative, and, ultimately, the universal cultural impulse to create both religious and scientific explanations. With forays into evolutionary biology, this analysis of mental function answers some of our most common questions about how we've come to be who we are.

(20070601)]]>
288 David J. Linden 0674024788 Mag 5
All in all, the book is a wonderfully balanced review of what we do and don’t know about the brain and the best debunking of intelligent design I have read in a while.

As a PS, there were some nice observations on sex in mammals and how humans compare to others. What caught my attention was the discussion of ovulation in females and the fact that the hidden ovulation of human females keeps males around since they never know when females are fertile. The joke is that females don’t know either, so they have to keep the males around as well (that wasn't in the book;), so the pair bonding is a must here because of that.

A note for audiobook fans. It's read in an outstandingly clear performance by Ray Porter.

4.5/5]]>
3.82 2007 The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God
author: David J. Linden
name: Mag
average rating: 3.82
book published: 2007
rating: 5
read at: 2013/04/01
date added: 2013/04/01
shelves: science, audible, audio, neuroscience, non-fiction
review:
Linden sets out to prove that our brains more closely resemble inefficient clunkers reflecting millions of years of evolutionary tinkering, rather than sophisticated, well-designed and amazing intelligent creations. He discusses the structure of our brain from the lower evolutionary parts of the brain stem and cerebellum through the more recent frontal lobes and cortex. When discussing the brain’s design, he uses a cool example of a supermodern racecar built on the Ford T plan, in which nothing of the original Ford T plan is to be dropped or replaced, and the new systems are to be built in addition and/or on top of the old ones. This is precisely how we ended up having two visual and two auditory systems in our brains- one ancient and one more modern. This is how congenitally blind people can in fact perceive movement and objects even though they don’t consciously realize that. It’s their ancient visual system at work. Linden also discusses the way our brain communicates within itself and how we come up with a picture of the world that is both physical and abstract. From what I understand, even though there are parts of the brain designated to perform specialized functions, the whole brain with all its parts creates the memories and images of what we perceive and know. Worldviews, dreams and religious views are an inherent feature of our brains creating narratives.

All in all, the book is a wonderfully balanced review of what we do and don’t know about the brain and the best debunking of intelligent design I have read in a while.

As a PS, there were some nice observations on sex in mammals and how humans compare to others. What caught my attention was the discussion of ovulation in females and the fact that the hidden ovulation of human females keeps males around since they never know when females are fertile. The joke is that females don’t know either, so they have to keep the males around as well (that wasn't in the book;), so the pair bonding is a must here because of that.

A note for audiobook fans. It's read in an outstandingly clear performance by Ray Porter.

4.5/5
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<![CDATA[Brain Wars: The Scientific Battle Over the Existence of the Mind and the Proof That Will Change the Way We Live Our Lives]]> 13426276 250 Mario Beauregard 0062071564 Mag 4 brain, neuroscience 3.64 2012 Brain Wars: The Scientific Battle Over the Existence of the Mind and the Proof That Will Change the Way We Live Our Lives
author: Mario Beauregard
name: Mag
average rating: 3.64
book published: 2012
rating: 4
read at: 2012/09/06
date added: 2012/09/06
shelves: brain, neuroscience
review:

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The Mind's Eye 7937653 263 Oliver Sacks 033050889X Mag 4 More to come.]]> 3.92 2010 The Mind's Eye
author: Oliver Sacks
name: Mag
average rating: 3.92
book published: 2010
rating: 4
read at: 2012/08/16
date added: 2012/08/17
shelves: neuroscience, non-fiction, brain, science
review:
Fascinating and scary at the same time.
More to come.
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<![CDATA[Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain]]> 490638
Since the 1970 publication of Migraine, neurologist Oliver Sacks's unusual and fascinating case histories of "differently brained" people and phenomena--a surgeon with Tourette's syndrome, a community of people born totally colorblind, musical hallucinations, to name a few--have been marked by extraordinary compassion and humanity, focusing on the patient as much as the condition.]]>
400 Oliver Sacks 0739357395 Mag 4 3.54 2007 Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain
author: Oliver Sacks
name: Mag
average rating: 3.54
book published: 2007
rating: 4
read at: 2007/12/06
date added: 2012/08/16
shelves: brain, non-fiction, neuroscience
review:
It's exactly what the title promises- tales of music and the brain. Interesting how music can be a grounding experience for people with dementia, or almost like a religious experience for those with frontal lobes epilepsy. It was a good book in terms of raising questions, but not necessarily at providing answers. I have read about some cases described here before either in different books and publications, or in other Sachs books. Interesting enough though.
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<![CDATA[In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind]]> 4075 430 Eric R. Kandel Mag 5 Kandel, a 9 year old Jew in Vienna in 1938, starts his book with his memories of Anschluss and Kristallnacht, describes the vividness of these memories and how years later they made him interested in why and how certain memories are remembered while others are lost. Throughout his career, he tackled brain and memory research at different levels from molecular biology to psychoanalysis, his most groundbreaking research being on Aplysia, a sea snail with very simple, yet molecularly big nervous system. All stages of this research are described exquisitely well in the book.

Extremely informative and enlightening on all levels. I could have lived without some parts of the personal account, though. In particular, I had a bit of a problem with the overly self-righteous tone of some of his personal tales.

Link: Kandel’s lecture on memory loss and aging
12884

4.5/5]]>
4.12 2006 In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind
author: Eric R. Kandel
name: Mag
average rating: 4.12
book published: 2006
rating: 5
read at: 2006/12/27
date added: 2012/04/28
shelves: non-fiction, science, memoir, neuroscience
review:
A unique blend of memoir and science describing Kandel’s (Nobel prize winner for Physiology or Medicine in 2000) quest for memory both at the personal and scientific level.
Kandel, a 9 year old Jew in Vienna in 1938, starts his book with his memories of Anschluss and Kristallnacht, describes the vividness of these memories and how years later they made him interested in why and how certain memories are remembered while others are lost. Throughout his career, he tackled brain and memory research at different levels from molecular biology to psychoanalysis, his most groundbreaking research being on Aplysia, a sea snail with very simple, yet molecularly big nervous system. All stages of this research are described exquisitely well in the book.

Extremely informative and enlightening on all levels. I could have lived without some parts of the personal account, though. In particular, I had a bit of a problem with the overly self-righteous tone of some of his personal tales.

Link: Kandel’s lecture on memory loss and aging
12884

4.5/5
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Proust and the Squid 2768798 Goodnight Moon to an expert reader of Proust, and finally to an often misunderstood child with dyslexia whose gifts may be as real as the challenges he or she faces. As we come to appreciate how the evolution and development of reading have changed the very arrangement of our brain and our intellectual life, we begin to realize with ever greater comprehension that we truly are what we read. Ambitious, provocative, and rich with examples, Proust and the Squid celebrates reading, one of the single most remarkable inventions in history. Once embarked on this magnificent story of the reading brain, you will never again take for granted your ability to absorb the written word.]]> 336 Maryanne Wolf 0060933844 Mag 4 non-fiction, neuroscience Here are some points I jotted down after reading it:
� We are not wired for reading; we are wired for object recognition, and for aural language processing.
� Reading involves areas used for those plus it recycles many other neuronal connections mainly in the visual cortex and in the occipital-temporal areas.
� With reading, our brain gets reorganized, which in turn expands the ways we are able to think, which aids in the intellectual and evolutionary development of our species.
� When a small child is learning two languages at the same time, the brain area used for this process is the same.
� When a child/ adult is learning one language later in life than the other, the brain areas used are different.
� Different writing systems set up their own distinctive brain networks in the development of reading.
� Languages with different scripts use different areas of the brain to process written language- for example for Chinese it’s object recognition areas, for French and English a blend of object recognition and temporal lobe access, and for the language with more regular symbol-sound correspondence � it's quick temporal lobe access. Children learning reading in more regular scripts learn to read on average a year earlier than children learning more irregular or object based scripts.
� Since dyslexic individuals are also more creative, and more spatially gifted; dyslexia may be more prevalent in traditionally illiterate societies, or societies where having spatial ability/and or creativity gives an individual a better advantage over a bookish individual.
� Dyslexia has different forms, and manifests itself differently in different languages.
� And finally, quite literally reading changes our life, and our life changes our reading.
The book is geared towards parents and teachers with children with dyslexia, but it should be mandatory reading for any language, Special Education and elementary school teacher.
Why Proust and the Squid? Well, this you’ll have to find out yourself...
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3.92 2007 Proust and the Squid
author: Maryanne Wolf
name: Mag
average rating: 3.92
book published: 2007
rating: 4
read at: 2010/12/08
date added: 2010/12/28
shelves: non-fiction, neuroscience
review:
This delightful title hides the book on the reading brain. Proust and the Squid- the Story and Science of the Reading Brain by Marianne Wolff is the full title, and the book is quite good. It has sections on history of different scripts and languages, an extensive one on reading development, research into the neurophysiology of the reading brain, comparisons of the reading brain vs. non-reading brain, reading disabilities and the future of reading.
Here are some points I jotted down after reading it:
� We are not wired for reading; we are wired for object recognition, and for aural language processing.
� Reading involves areas used for those plus it recycles many other neuronal connections mainly in the visual cortex and in the occipital-temporal areas.
� With reading, our brain gets reorganized, which in turn expands the ways we are able to think, which aids in the intellectual and evolutionary development of our species.
� When a small child is learning two languages at the same time, the brain area used for this process is the same.
� When a child/ adult is learning one language later in life than the other, the brain areas used are different.
� Different writing systems set up their own distinctive brain networks in the development of reading.
� Languages with different scripts use different areas of the brain to process written language- for example for Chinese it’s object recognition areas, for French and English a blend of object recognition and temporal lobe access, and for the language with more regular symbol-sound correspondence � it's quick temporal lobe access. Children learning reading in more regular scripts learn to read on average a year earlier than children learning more irregular or object based scripts.
� Since dyslexic individuals are also more creative, and more spatially gifted; dyslexia may be more prevalent in traditionally illiterate societies, or societies where having spatial ability/and or creativity gives an individual a better advantage over a bookish individual.
� Dyslexia has different forms, and manifests itself differently in different languages.
� And finally, quite literally reading changes our life, and our life changes our reading.
The book is geared towards parents and teachers with children with dyslexia, but it should be mandatory reading for any language, Special Education and elementary school teacher.
Why Proust and the Squid? Well, this you’ll have to find out yourself...

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