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丿乇丌賲丿蹖 噩丕賲毓 亘乇 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖
讴賵卮卮鈥屬囏й� 賮讴乇蹖 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 讴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丿賵蹖爻鬲 爻丕賱 诏匕卮鬲賴 趩卮賲鈥屫з嗀ж操囏й� 鬲丕夭賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 乇賵蹖 丿丕賳卮 亘卮乇 诏卮賵丿賴 賵 倬乇爻卮鈥屬囏й� 賲賴賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳 丌賵乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 鬲賳賵毓 賵 鬲囟丕乇亘 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫①堌辟� 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏� 禺賵丿 亘賴 爻丿蹖 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿乇讴 趩賳丿 賵 趩賵賳 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘丿賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
賵乇賵丿 亘賴 丕蹖賳 毓乇氐賴鈥屰� 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵 亘賴 賯氐丿 鬲丿丕乇讴 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 爻賳噩卮鈥屭必з嗁� 丕夭 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘爻 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 - 丕夭 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丕诏蹖乇 賵 倬乇丿丕賲賳賴鈥屰� 賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫池屫� 鬲丕 跇乇賮鈥屫з嗀屫篡屸€屬囏й� 禺賱丕賯 賵 诏丕賴 鬲賳丿乇賵丕賳賴鈥屰� 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫池€屬囏� 讴賴 亘賳蹖丕賳 毓賱賲 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賵 讴蹖丕爻鬲 乇丕 亘賴 趩賵賳 賵 趩乇丕 讴卮蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 丕夭 亘丨孬鈥屬囏й� 睾丕賲囟 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堐屫� 噩丿賱鈥屬囏й� 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 乇丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 鬲丕 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賳賵卮鬲丕乇蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 - 讴丕乇蹖鈥屫池� 亘賴 睾丕蹖鬲 丿卮賵丕乇 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘丕 丕爻鬲丕丿蹖賽 鬲賲丕賲 丕夭 毓賴丿賴鈥屰� 丌賳 亘乇丌賲丿賴 賵 丨賯 丕蹖賳 丕匕賴丕賳 讴賵卮賳丿賴 乇丕 丿乇 賲鬲賳蹖 賲毓鬲亘乇 賵 賲丕賳丿诏丕乇 丕丿丕 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.
賲丨氐賵賱 讴丕乇 丕賵貙 丕夭 蹖讴 爻賵 丿乇丌賲丿蹖 噩丕賲毓 賵 賲賮蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 亘丕 乇賵賳丿 卮讴賱鈥屭屫臂� 賵 乇卮丿 丕蹖賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏� 亘賴 丿丕賳卮噩賵蹖丕賳 賵 倬跇賵賴賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 毓乇氐賴 毓乇囟賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 賳賲賵賳賴鈥屫й� 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱 乇賵卮賳賽 丕賳鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 亘賴鈥屬堐屭樫� 丕夭 賳賯丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖: 卮賵乇賲賳丿貙 賲賵卮讴丕賮貙 倬乇爻卮诏乇貙 賲卮毓賵賮貙 卮讴丕讴貙 賵丕賯毓鈥屭必ж� 乇賵蹖丕蹖蹖貙 丿賱賵丕倬爻...
賵乇賵丿 亘賴 丕蹖賳 毓乇氐賴鈥屰� 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵 亘賴 賯氐丿 鬲丿丕乇讴 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 爻賳噩卮鈥屭必з嗁� 丕夭 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘爻 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 - 丕夭 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丕诏蹖乇 賵 倬乇丿丕賲賳賴鈥屰� 賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫池屫� 鬲丕 跇乇賮鈥屫з嗀屫篡屸€屬囏й� 禺賱丕賯 賵 诏丕賴 鬲賳丿乇賵丕賳賴鈥屰� 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫池€屬囏� 讴賴 亘賳蹖丕賳 毓賱賲 賵 丕禺賱丕賯 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賵 讴蹖丕爻鬲 乇丕 亘賴 趩賵賳 賵 趩乇丕 讴卮蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 丕夭 亘丨孬鈥屬囏й� 睾丕賲囟 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堐屫� 噩丿賱鈥屬囏й� 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 乇丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 鬲丕 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賳賵卮鬲丕乇蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 - 讴丕乇蹖鈥屫池� 亘賴 睾丕蹖鬲 丿卮賵丕乇 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘丕 丕爻鬲丕丿蹖賽 鬲賲丕賲 丕夭 毓賴丿賴鈥屰� 丌賳 亘乇丌賲丿賴 賵 丨賯 丕蹖賳 丕匕賴丕賳 讴賵卮賳丿賴 乇丕 丿乇 賲鬲賳蹖 賲毓鬲亘乇 賵 賲丕賳丿诏丕乇 丕丿丕 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.
賲丨氐賵賱 讴丕乇 丕賵貙 丕夭 蹖讴 爻賵 丿乇丌賲丿蹖 噩丕賲毓 賵 賲賮蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 亘丕 乇賵賳丿 卮讴賱鈥屭屫臂� 賵 乇卮丿 丕蹖賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏� 亘賴 丿丕賳卮噩賵蹖丕賳 賵 倬跇賵賴賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 毓乇氐賴 毓乇囟賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 賳賲賵賳賴鈥屫й� 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱 乇賵卮賳賽 丕賳鬲賯丕丿蹖 賵 亘賴鈥屬堐屭樫� 丕夭 賳賯丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖: 卮賵乇賲賳丿貙 賲賵卮讴丕賮貙 倬乇爻卮诏乇貙 賲卮毓賵賮貙 卮讴丕讴貙 賵丕賯毓鈥屭必ж� 乇賵蹖丕蹖蹖貙 丿賱賵丕倬爻...
424 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1988
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About the author
Rosemarie Tong
23听books16听followersRosemarie Tong is a Distinguished Professor of Health Care Ethics in the Department of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Applied and Professional Ethics at UNC Charlotte. Receiving her Ph.D. in Philosophy from Temple University in 1978, she has come to be internationally known for her contributions to feminist thought and bioethics. Dr. Tong has authored and co-edited thirteen books, including Ethics in Policy Analysis (1985), Controlling our Reproductive Destiny: A Technological and Philosophical Perspective (1994), Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (1996), Linking Visions: Feminist Bioethics, Human Rights, and the Developing World with Ann Donchin and Sue Dodds (2004), New Perspectives in Health Care Ethics: An Interdisciplinary and Crosscultural Approach (2007) and Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction (2008 3rd edition). She has also published over one hundred articles on topics related to feminist theory, reproductive and genetic technology, biomedical research, global bioethics, aging, and healthcare reform.
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蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓噩蹖亘鈥屫臂屬� 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘诏賲 丨爻 丿丕賮毓賴鈥屫й屬� 讴賴 亘毓囟蹖鈥屬囏� 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴 丿丕乇賳. 丕蹖賳賯丿乇 讴賴 蹖賴 毓丿賴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴 亘丿卮賵賳 賲蹖丕丿貙 丕夭 賴蹖鬲賱乇 亘丿卮賵賳 賳賲蹖丕丿. 丕賵賳賲 亘丿賵賳 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 亘乇丕蹖 賮賴賲 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴賳賳 賵 亘倬乇爻賳 趩蹖賴 賵 丕夭 讴噩丕 亘賴 讴噩丕 乇爻蹖丿賴. 丕诏乇 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 鬲氐丕丿賮蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丌丿賲丕 亘倬乇爻蹖丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 趩蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 丕睾賱亘 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 鬲毓乇蹖賮 丿賯蹖賯蹖 亘賴鬲 亘丿賳貙 亘毓囟蹖鈥屬囏ж促堎� 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 賮賯胤 亘賴 賲賵蹖 夭蹖乇 亘睾賱 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屫� 賵 丕蹖賳鈥屭嗃屫藏�. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丕睾賱亘 賲丕 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬� 亘乇丕爻丕爻 卮賳蹖丿賴鈥屬囏й� 賲亘賴賲 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 賲鬲兀孬乇 丕夭 賳诏乇卮 賲賳賮蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳賴. 卮丕蹖丿 亘丕蹖丿 亘丕 鬲兀讴蹖丿 亘蹖卮鈥屫臂� 诏賮鬲 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 亘賳蹖丕賳 賴蹖趩 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴鈥屫й� 乇賵 賳丕亘賵丿 讴賳賴貙 囟丿賲乇丿 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 賲乇丿賴丕 乇賵 亘賴 爻夭丕蹖 丕毓賲丕賱卮賵賳 亘乇爻賵賳賴. 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲丕丿乇 卮丿賳 乇賵 賳賮蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏� 亘賱讴賴 丿賳亘丕賱 卮乇丕蹖胤 亘乇丕亘乇 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳 賵 賲乇丿賴. 賵 丕蹖賳 卮乇丕蹖胤 亘乇丕亘乇 蹖毓賳蹖 夭賳蹖 讴賴 亘丕乇丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賳亘丕蹖丿 卮睾賱卮 乇賵 丕夭 丿爻鬲 亘丿賴貙 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘趩賴 亘蹖禺蹖丕賱 讴丕乇 賵 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬囏ж� 亘卮賴 賵 賳亘丕蹖丿 鬲賲丕賲 亘丕乇 鬲乇亘蹖鬲 賵 賲乇丕賯亘鬲 丕夭 亘趩賴 亘蹖賮鬲賴 乇賵 丿賵卮卮.
蹖賴 賲賵囟賵毓 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫з� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 賵賯鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫臂� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴貙 賲亘丕乇夭賴鈥屬囏й� 倬卮鬲卮貙 丌丿賲丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕賵賲丿賳 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屫� 賳馗乇 丿丕丿賳貙 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賳 賵 蹖賴 賲爻蹖乇蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴乇丿賳 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屫� 丨丿丕賯賱 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕鬲 賲蹖賮鬲賴 丌诏丕賴 卮丿賳 亘賴 趩蹖夭蹖賴 讴賴 鬲丕 賯亘賱卮 賲鬲賵噩賴 睾蹖乇毓丕丿蹖 亘賵丿賳卮 賳賲蹖鈥屫簇�. 丨爻 賳賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 蹖賴 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 爻乇 噩丕蹖 禺賵丿卮 賳蹖爻鬲貙 蹖賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丨賯賵賯 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵 亘丿賳鬲 亘賴 賵丕爻胤賴 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕夭鬲 爻賱亘 卮丿賴貙 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 亘乇丕卮 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 鬲讴賱蹖賮 讴乇丿賳.
丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 鬲丕 丕蹖賳鈥屫� 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵賳丿賲. 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 亘賴鈥屫й� 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘蹖丕丿 爻蹖乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴賳賴 賵 賲孬賱 讴鬲丕亘 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 乇賵 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 鬲賵囟蹖丨 亘丿賴貙 賲蹖丕丿 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 卮讴賱 诏乇賮鬲賴 乇賵 賲噩夭丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 卮丕禺氐 賴乇 讴丿賵賲 乇賵 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賳馗乇卮賵賳 卮乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫�. 賲孬賱丕賸 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 丕夭 亘鬲蹖 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 賵 讴鬲丕亘 丨乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁�. 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱 丕夭 爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賵 賲蹖鈥屭� 賵 噩丕賱亘賴 讴賴 賴乇 噩丕 賱丕夭賲 亘賵丿賴 倬蹖卮鈥屫操呟屬嗁団€屬囏й� 丕賵賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 賴賲 诏賮鬲賴. 賲孬賱丕賸 鬲賵 賴賲蹖賳 賮氐賱 賵賯鬲蹖 丕夭 爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賵 鬲兀孬蹖乇蹖 讴賴 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 爻丕乇鬲乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丨乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁囏� 丕賵賱 蹖賴 卮乇丨 賲禺鬲氐乇 丕賲丕 賲賮蹖丿蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 丕氐胤賱丕丨丕鬲 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 爻丕乇鬲乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿賴 乇賵 賲毓賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 禺賱丕氐賴 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж辟� 丿賯蹖賯丕賸 亘賮賴賲蹖 賯乇丕乇賴 亘毓丿卮 趩蹖 亘禺賵賳蹖 賵 亘賴 讴噩丕 亘乇爻蹖.
丿賵 亘禺卮 禺蹖賱蹖 噩匕丕亘 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱 賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁� 亘賵丿. 卮蹖賵賴 賳诏丕賴鈥屫促堎� 亘賴 賲賵囟賵毓 夭賳丕賳 乇賵 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賲. 蹖賴 禺賵亘蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 卮乇丨 丿丕丿賳鈥屬囏� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 賳馗乇丕鬲 賲禺丕賱賮 賴乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 賲蹖丕乇賴貙 賲孬賱丕賸 賲蹖鈥屭� 丕诏賴 亘鬲蹖 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 賳馗乇卮 丕蹖賳賴貙 蹖賴 爻乇蹖 賲禺丕賱賮 丕賵賳 丿賵乇賴 倬蹖丿丕 卮丿賳 賵 賳馗乇 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 乇賵 賳賯丿 讴乇丿賳. 丕賵賳 賳賯丿賴丕 乇賵 賴賲 賲蹖丕乇賴 賵 鬲丨賱蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж辟� 亘賴 賴乇 丿賵 噩賳亘賴 賲丕噩乇丕 賮讴乇 讴賳蹖.
丿乇 丌禺乇 賲鬲賵噩賴 卮丿賲 讴賴 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 爻丕賱 1988 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴. 亘賴鈥屬嗀肛辟� 鬲丕 丨丿 夭蹖丕丿蹖 睾賲鈥屫з嗂屫操�. 睾賲鈥屫з嗂屫藏� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 賲賳丕亘毓 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屫簇� 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丨賵夭賴 賲丨丿賵丿賴 賵 賮蹖賱鬲乇 爻丕賳爻賵乇 賴賲 讴賴 賯丕亘賱 趩卮賲鈥屬举堌篡� 賳蹖爻鬲貨 丕賲丕 禺亘 賲蹖鈥屫促� 亘賴 丌丿賲丕蹖蹖 賲孬賱 賳噩賲賴 賵丕丨丿蹖 賵 讴爻丕蹖蹖 (賮丕乇睾 丕夭 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 亘丿賵賳賳 蹖丕 賳賴) 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿丕乇賳 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 讴賵趩蹖讴 丕賲丕 丕孬乇亘禺卮 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫�.
蹖賴 賲賵囟賵毓 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫з� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 賵賯鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫臂� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 讴賱賲賴貙 賲亘丕乇夭賴鈥屬囏й� 倬卮鬲卮貙 丌丿賲丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕賵賲丿賳 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屫� 賳馗乇 丿丕丿賳貙 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賳 賵 蹖賴 賲爻蹖乇蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴乇丿賳 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屫� 丨丿丕賯賱 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕鬲 賲蹖賮鬲賴 丌诏丕賴 卮丿賳 亘賴 趩蹖夭蹖賴 讴賴 鬲丕 賯亘賱卮 賲鬲賵噩賴 睾蹖乇毓丕丿蹖 亘賵丿賳卮 賳賲蹖鈥屫簇�. 丨爻 賳賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 蹖賴 趩蹖夭丕蹖蹖 爻乇 噩丕蹖 禺賵丿卮 賳蹖爻鬲貙 蹖賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丨賯賵賯 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵 亘丿賳鬲 亘賴 賵丕爻胤賴 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕夭鬲 爻賱亘 卮丿賴貙 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 亘乇丕卮 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 鬲讴賱蹖賮 讴乇丿賳.
丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 鬲丕 丕蹖賳鈥屫� 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵賳丿賲. 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 亘賴鈥屫й� 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘蹖丕丿 爻蹖乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴賳賴 賵 賲孬賱 讴鬲丕亘 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 乇賵 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 鬲賵囟蹖丨 亘丿賴貙 賲蹖丕丿 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 卮讴賱 诏乇賮鬲賴 乇賵 賲噩夭丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 卮丕禺氐 賴乇 讴丿賵賲 乇賵 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賳馗乇卮賵賳 卮乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫�. 賲孬賱丕賸 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 丕夭 亘鬲蹖 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 賵 讴鬲丕亘 丨乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁�. 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱 丕夭 爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賵 賲蹖鈥屭� 賵 噩丕賱亘賴 讴賴 賴乇 噩丕 賱丕夭賲 亘賵丿賴 倬蹖卮鈥屫操呟屬嗁団€屬囏й� 丕賵賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 賴賲 诏賮鬲賴. 賲孬賱丕賸 鬲賵 賴賲蹖賳 賮氐賱 賵賯鬲蹖 丕夭 爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賵 鬲兀孬蹖乇蹖 讴賴 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 爻丕乇鬲乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丨乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁囏� 丕賵賱 蹖賴 卮乇丨 賲禺鬲氐乇 丕賲丕 賲賮蹖丿蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賴爻鬲蹖 賵 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 丕氐胤賱丕丨丕鬲 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 爻丕乇鬲乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿賴 乇賵 賲毓賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 禺賱丕氐賴 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж辟� 丿賯蹖賯丕賸 亘賮賴賲蹖 賯乇丕乇賴 亘毓丿卮 趩蹖 亘禺賵賳蹖 賵 亘賴 讴噩丕 亘乇爻蹖.
丿賵 亘禺卮 禺蹖賱蹖 噩匕丕亘 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱 賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁� 亘賵丿. 卮蹖賵賴 賳诏丕賴鈥屫促堎� 亘賴 賲賵囟賵毓 夭賳丕賳 乇賵 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賲. 蹖賴 禺賵亘蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕蹖賳 卮乇丨 丿丕丿賳鈥屬囏� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 賳馗乇丕鬲 賲禺丕賱賮 賴乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 賲蹖丕乇賴貙 賲孬賱丕賸 賲蹖鈥屭� 丕诏賴 亘鬲蹖 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 鬲賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 賳馗乇卮 丕蹖賳賴貙 蹖賴 爻乇蹖 賲禺丕賱賮 丕賵賳 丿賵乇賴 倬蹖丿丕 卮丿賳 賵 賳馗乇 賮乇蹖丿丕賳 乇賵 賳賯丿 讴乇丿賳. 丕賵賳 賳賯丿賴丕 乇賵 賴賲 賲蹖丕乇賴 賵 鬲丨賱蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж辟� 亘賴 賴乇 丿賵 噩賳亘賴 賲丕噩乇丕 賮讴乇 讴賳蹖.
丿乇 丌禺乇 賲鬲賵噩賴 卮丿賲 讴賴 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 爻丕賱 1988 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴. 亘賴鈥屬嗀肛辟� 鬲丕 丨丿 夭蹖丕丿蹖 睾賲鈥屫з嗂屫操�. 睾賲鈥屫з嗂屫藏� 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 賲賳丕亘毓 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屫簇� 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丨賵夭賴 賲丨丿賵丿賴 賵 賮蹖賱鬲乇 爻丕賳爻賵乇 賴賲 讴賴 賯丕亘賱 趩卮賲鈥屬举堌篡� 賳蹖爻鬲貨 丕賲丕 禺亘 賲蹖鈥屫促� 亘賴 丌丿賲丕蹖蹖 賲孬賱 賳噩賲賴 賵丕丨丿蹖 賵 讴爻丕蹖蹖 (賮丕乇睾 丕夭 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 亘丿賵賳賳 蹖丕 賳賴) 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿丕乇賳 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 讴賵趩蹖讴 丕賲丕 丕孬乇亘禺卮 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫�.
February 9, 2023
蹖賴 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘貙 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賲毓 鬲乇 丕夭 讴賴 賯亘賱 丕夭 丕蹖賳 禺賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿賲. 丕賱亘鬲賴 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 亘丿 賳卮丿 讴賴 丕賵賱 丕賵賳 乇賵 禺賵賳丿賲. 趩賵賳 丕賵賳 禺蹖賱蹖 讴賲鬲乇 賵丕乇丿 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 賲蹖 卮丿 賵 賮賯胤 亘賴 讴賱蹖丕鬲 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕 丕讴鬲賮丕 賲蹖 讴乇丿. 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 匕賴賳 乇賵 禺蹖賱蹖 卮賱賵睾 賳賲蹖 讴乇丿. 賳賯卮踿 爻丕丿踿 讴賱蹖 乇賵 亘賴 丌丿賲 賲蹖 丿丕丿. 亘毓丿 丌丿賲 賲蹖 鬲賵賳賴 亘蹖丕丿 爻乇丕睾 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 亘賴 鬲賮氐蹖賱 賳馗乇蹖賴 倬乇丿丕夭賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖 讴賳賴 賵 禺賱丕氐賴 丕蹖 丕夭 鬲賮讴乇 賵 丌孬丕乇卮賵賳 賵 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲卮賵賳 賵丕乇丿 卮丿賴 乇賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖 丿賴.
丿乇 賴乇 丨丕賱貙 丕诏乇 賮賯胤 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖 禺賵丕蹖丿 亘禺賵賳蹖丿貙 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲賳丕爻亘 鬲乇 賵 噩丕賲毓 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴.
蹖賴 讴鬲丕亘 丿蹖诏賴 賴賳賵夭 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丿丕乇賲 鬲丕 賲乇丨賱踿 丕賵賱 爻蹖乇 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲蹖賲 鬲賲賵賲 亘卮賴. 鬲賵蹖 賲乇丨賱踿 丕賵賱 賮賯胤 賲蹖 禺賵丕賲 亘丕 讴賱蹖鬲 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕 丌卮賳丕 亘卮賲 讴賴 亘蹖丕賲 鬲賵蹖 亘丕睾.
丿乇 賴乇 丨丕賱貙 丕诏乇 賮賯胤 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖 禺賵丕蹖丿 亘禺賵賳蹖丿貙 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲賳丕爻亘 鬲乇 賵 噩丕賲毓 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴.
蹖賴 讴鬲丕亘 丿蹖诏賴 賴賳賵夭 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丿丕乇賲 鬲丕 賲乇丨賱踿 丕賵賱 爻蹖乇 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲蹖賲 鬲賲賵賲 亘卮賴. 鬲賵蹖 賲乇丨賱踿 丕賵賱 賮賯胤 賲蹖 禺賵丕賲 亘丕 讴賱蹖鬲 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕 丌卮賳丕 亘卮賲 讴賴 亘蹖丕賲 鬲賵蹖 亘丕睾.
November 21, 2021
讴鬲丕亘蹖 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 芦賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲禄
蹖讴蹖 丕夭 倬乇丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屫臂屬� 賵 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫臂屬� 噩賳亘卮鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賱蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫池� 賵 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丿賳亘丕賱鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 噩乇蹖丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮卮 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏� 賵 乇丕賴鈥屫勨€屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 賵 丨鬲蹖 囟丿 賴賲 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丿賳亘丕賱鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 蹖讴 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屰� 禺丕氐 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁嗀� 丿乇 賲爻丕卅賱蹖 賲孬賱 倬賵乇賳賵诏乇丕賮蹖 亘丕 賴賲 亘诏賵賲诏賵賴丕蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賯丕賳毓鬲賵賳 讴賳賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵亘賴 賵 趩乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 卮蹖丿 賵 睾蹖乇賴 賵 睾蹖乇賴貙 賳賴貙 氐乇賮丕 亘賴 賲毓乇賮蹖 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴:
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁�
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳
賵 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賲毓乇賮蹖 丕蹖賳 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏� 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 賮毓丕賱丕賳卮貙 亘賴 賳賯丿 丕賵賳 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺丕賱賮 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 賲賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屫� 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賯囟丕賵鬲 丿爻鬲 卮賲丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 讴蹖 乇賵 亘倬匕蹖乇蹖丿.
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 卮乇賵毓 禺賵亘蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲胤丕賱毓賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲賴.
丌蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 鬲賵噩賴 賳丿丕乇賴 讴賴 賮卮丕乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 亘乇 丿賵卮 賲乇丿賴丕爻鬲 賵 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 賴賲 丌爻蹖亘 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀�
丌蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 蹖毓賳蹖 賲乇丿爻鬲蹖夭蹖責
丌蹖丕 丨爻 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴乇丿賳 丿乇 匕丕鬲 賵 胤亘蹖毓鬲 夭賳鈥屬囏ж池�
趩乇丕 夭賳 芦丿蹖诏乇蹖禄爻鬲責
丌蹖丕 讴丕賱亘丿 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 乇賵 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏�
乇丕亘胤賴鈥屰� 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 賵 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 趩胤賵乇蹖賴責
丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 賵 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 丕賵賳 倬丕爻禺鈥屬囏� 禺賵賳丿賲. 丕夭 鬲噩乇亘賴鈥屫й� 讴賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 乇丕囟蹖鈥屫з� 賵 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
倬丕蹖丕賳 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮诏賱 亘賵丿 賵 亘丕蹖丿 亘匕丕乇賲卮:
锘�
蹖讴蹖 丕夭 倬乇丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屫臂屬� 賵 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫臂屬� 噩賳亘卮鈥屬囏й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賱蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫池� 賵 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丿賳亘丕賱鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 噩乇蹖丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮卮 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏� 賵 乇丕賴鈥屫勨€屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 賵 丨鬲蹖 囟丿 賴賲 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘賱讴賴 丿賳亘丕賱鈥屭┵嗁嗀з� 蹖讴 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屰� 禺丕氐 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁嗀� 丿乇 賲爻丕卅賱蹖 賲孬賱 倬賵乇賳賵诏乇丕賮蹖 亘丕 賴賲 亘诏賵賲诏賵賴丕蹖 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賯丕賳毓鬲賵賳 讴賳賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵亘賴 賵 趩乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 卮蹖丿 賵 睾蹖乇賴 賵 睾蹖乇賴貙 賳賴貙 氐乇賮丕 亘賴 賲毓乇賮蹖 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴:
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁�
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖
鈥� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳
賵 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賲毓乇賮蹖 丕蹖賳 夭蹖乇卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏� 賵 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 賮毓丕賱丕賳卮貙 亘賴 賳賯丿 丕賵賳 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺丕賱賮 賴賲 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 . 賲賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屫� 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賯囟丕賵鬲 丿爻鬲 卮賲丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 讴蹖 乇賵 亘倬匕蹖乇蹖丿.
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 卮乇賵毓 禺賵亘蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲胤丕賱毓賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲賴.
丌蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 鬲賵噩賴 賳丿丕乇賴 讴賴 賮卮丕乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 亘乇 丿賵卮 賲乇丿賴丕爻鬲 賵 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 賴賲 丌爻蹖亘 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀�
丌蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 蹖毓賳蹖 賲乇丿爻鬲蹖夭蹖責
丌蹖丕 丨爻 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴乇丿賳 丿乇 匕丕鬲 賵 胤亘蹖毓鬲 夭賳鈥屬囏ж池�
趩乇丕 夭賳 芦丿蹖诏乇蹖禄爻鬲責
丌蹖丕 讴丕賱亘丿 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 乇賵 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏�
乇丕亘胤賴鈥屰� 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 賵 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 趩胤賵乇蹖賴責
丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 賵 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 丕賵賳 倬丕爻禺鈥屬囏� 禺賵賳丿賲. 丕夭 鬲噩乇亘賴鈥屫й� 讴賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 乇丕囟蹖鈥屫з� 賵 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
倬丕蹖丕賳 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮诏賱 亘賵丿 賵 亘丕蹖丿 亘匕丕乇賲卮:
锘�
賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 氐賮丨丕鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賲乇賵乇 賲蹖讴賳賲 丕夭 乇賳诏丕乇賳诏蹖 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 匕賴賳 倬乇賵乇丕賳丿賴 丕賳丿 鬲丕 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 爻鬲賲 亘乇賴丕賳賳丿 亘乇 禺賵丿 賲蹖亘丕賱賲 賵 睾乇賯 丿乇 卮丕丿賲丕賳蹖 賲蹖 卮賵賲. 鬲乇丿蹖丿蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 賯毓乇 讴賵趩賴 賴丕蹖 亘賳 亘爻鬲 賮乇賵睾賱鬲丕賳丿賴 丕賲丕 丕睾賱亘 丌賳賴丕 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 丿爻鬲 讴賲 趩賳丿 诏丕賲蹖 亘賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 賳夭丿蹖讴 鬲乇 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕夭 丌賳 噩丕 讴賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 亘賴 卮讴賱 倬丕夭賱蹖 乇賳诏丕乇賳诏 丕爻鬲 卮丕蹖丿 鬲氐賵乇 丕賵賱蹖賴 丕蹖 讴賴 亘賴 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖 丿賴丿 丌卮賵亘 賵 爻乇丿乇诏賲蹖貙 賲噩丕丿賱賴 賵 賲賳丕賯卮賴貙 趩賳丿倬丕乇诏蹖 賵 卮讴丕賮 亘丕卮丿. 丕賲丕 亘丕 賳诏丕賴蹖 丿賯蹖賯 鬲乇 賴賲賵丕乇賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丕賮賯 賴丕蹖 鬲丕夭賴貙 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 鬲丕夭賴貙 賵 賲賳丕爻亘丕鬲 鬲丕夭賴 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 卮禺氐蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 乇丕 賲卮丕賴丿賴 讴乇丿 讴賴 鬲賲丕賲蹖 丌賳賴丕 賮乇丿丕 亘丕 丕賲乇賵夭 鬲賮丕賵鬲 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲. 倬爻 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 亘丕 丕乇夭卮 鬲乇蹖賳 賵噩賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丌睾丕夭 丿丕乇丿 丕賲丕 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳丿丕乇丿貙 賵 趩賵賳 倬丕蹖丕賳蹖 丕夭 倬蹖卮 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 卮丿賴 賳丿丕乇丿 亘賴 賴乇 夭賳蹖 丕賲讴丕賳 賲蹖丿賴丿 讴賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘蹖賳丿蹖卮丿. 诏賵蹖蹖 讴賴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 夭賳 丿乇 诏乇賵 丨賯蹖賯鬲蹖 蹖诏丕賳賴 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 趩賳丿蹖賳 賵 趩賳丿 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丿爻鬲 亘賴 讴丕乇 乇賴丕蹖蹖 夭賳丕賳 丕賳丿.
December 23, 2023
芦賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲禄 丿乇 匕賴賳 亘禺卮 亘夭乇诏蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 賲丕 亘賴 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮丿賴 亘賴 蹖讴 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 丌賳 倬乇賴蹖夭 讴乇丿貙 賵 芦賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲禄 丕夭 賳馗乇 亘毓囟蹖貙 賲毓丕丿賱 亘丕 賳賵毓蹖 賳丕爻夭丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丕爻鬲.
丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕卮丿 讴賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 賴賳賵夭 爻賳鬲蹖 賵 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賲乇丿賲貙 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀屘� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 乇賵蹖讴乇丿賴丕蹖 睾蹖乇毓賯賱丕賳蹖 蹖丕 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 丨丕賲蹖丕賳賽 丌賳 賲禺氐賵氐丕賸 丿乇 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 讴卮賵乇賴丕爻鬲. (乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩乇丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賲鬲 乇賮鬲賴鈥屫ж池� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏� 賳賵卮鬲 讴賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴賲 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲)
賲卮讴賱丕鬲蹖 賲孬賱 賯鬲賱鈥屬囏й� 賳丕賲賵爻蹖貙 讴賵丿讴鈥屬囐呚池臂屫� 丨賯 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 倬賵卮卮 賵 丌夭丕丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 賮賯胤 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 乇丕賴 丨賱鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賴 卮乇胤蹖 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘卮賳丕爻蹖賲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺趩賴鈥屰� 丌賳 乇丕 亘丿丕賳蹖賲. 丌賳诏丕賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賵丕賱 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕夭 胤蹖賮 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘賴 賳賮毓 夭賳丕賳 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿 蹖丕 賳賴.
丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘
芦丿乇丌賲丿蹖 噩丕賲毓 亘乇 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖禄 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 丿賯蹖賯蹖 亘乇丕蹖 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 讴鬲丕亘 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 毓賳賵丕賳蹖 賲賳丕爻亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲:
讴鬲丕亘 芦噩丕賲毓禄 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 讴賵卮蹖丿賴 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖 鬲丕 夭賲丕賳 趩丕倬 讴鬲丕亘 诏乇丿 丌賵乇丿.
賵 賵丕賯毓丕 芦丿乇丌賲丿禄 丕爻鬲 趩賵賳 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 賴乇讴丿丕賲 丕夭 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 噩乇蹖丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘賽 賲噩夭丕 賳賵卮鬲鈥�.
賴乇 賮氐賱賽 讴鬲丕亘 蹖讴 卮丕禺賴 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴賽 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳賽 賲賴賲賽 丌賳 卮丕禺賴 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘賽 夭賲丕賳蹖 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 爻倬爻 賳賯丿賽 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳賽 丌賳 卮丕禺賴 丌賵乇丿賴 卮丿賴 賵 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屭屫臂屬� 賲禺鬲氐乇蹖 賴賲 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 賴乇 賮氐賱 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿.
亘丨孬 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 賴乇卮丕禺賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮氐賱 丕爻鬲 賵 賲賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵堌促� 賮賯胤 趩讴蹖丿賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 賴乇 卮丕禺賴 乇丕 丕蹖賳噩丕 亘蹖丕賵乇賲:
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱
賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賵 毓乇賮蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇丕賴 乇丕 亘乇 賵乇賵丿 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫ㄙ嗀嗀�. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 丕蹖賳 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇胤乇賮 卮賵賳丿 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵 賲乇丿丕賳 丕夭 賮乇氐鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲爻丕賵蹖 丌賲賵夭卮蹖 賵 丨賯賵賯 賲丿賳蹖賽 亘乇丕亘乇 亘乇禺賵乇丿丕乇 亘丕卮賳丿. 亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲蹖 亘丕蹖丿 賯賵丕賳蹖賳 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 賲賳氐賮丕賳賴 亘賳丕 賳賴蹖賲 鬲丕 賮乇氐鬲 亘乇丕蹖 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賴賲 卮賵丿.
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲
賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 賵 賲丕賱讴蹖鬲 禺氐賵氐蹖 毓丕賲賱 丕氐賱蹖 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 丕賲讴丕賳 賳丿丕乇丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 賮乇氐鬲 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 賮乇丕賴賲 賳賲賵丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘乇丕蹖 丨賱 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 亘丕蹖丿 賳馗丕賲 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 賳丕亘賵丿 卮丿賴 賵 亘丕 賳馗丕賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳 卮賵丿 鬲丕 丕亘夭丕乇賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丿乇 丿爻鬲 賴賲诏丕賳 亘丕卮丿. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖賽 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 賲乇丿丕賳 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖賽 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘丕 賲乇丿丕賳 鬲丨賯賯 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱
乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫迟呪€屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賲卮讴賱 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 丕夭 賳馗乇丕鬲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬囏� 賵 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏ж池� 賵 丕爻丕爻丕賸 丕蹖賳 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 乇蹖卮賴鈥屭┵� 卮賵丿 賵 乇丕賴 乇蹖卮賴鈥屭┵� 讴乇丿賳 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 賳丕亘賵丿 卮賵丿 亘賱讴賴 賳賴丕丿鈥屬囏й� 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 (讴賴 毓亘丕乇鬲鈥屫з嗀� 丕夭 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴貙 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賵 ...) 亘丕蹖丿 鬲囟毓蹖賮 卮賵賳丿 蹖丕 丕夭 亘蹖賳 亘乇賵賳丿. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲禺丕賱賮 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 賳馗賲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖爻鬲鈥屫促嗀ж� 亘蹖賳 賲乇丿丕賳 賵 夭賳丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏� 乇丕 毓丕賲賱 鬲囟毓蹖賮 噩丕蹖诏丕賴 夭賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫з嗁嗀�.
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁�
亘丨孬 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵 毓賲丿鬲丕賸 亘賴 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賮乇賵蹖丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 賲乇丕丨賱 乇卮丿 賵 賳賲賵 賳賵夭丕丿 賵 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕購丿蹖倬 亘丕夭賲蹖鈥屭必�. 胤亘賯 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賮乇賵蹖丿 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕購丿蹖倬 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬爻乇丕賳 亘賴鬲乇 亘鬲賵丕賳賳丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 丕丿睾丕賲 卮賵賳丿貙 賵賱蹖 丕丿睾丕賲 丿禺鬲乇丕賳 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賮乇賴賳诏 賳丕讴丕賲賱 丕爻鬲. 夭賳 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴賳诏 賵 丿乇 賲賯丕賲 讴爻蹖 讴賴 亘乇 丕賵 爻蹖胤乇賴 丿丕乇賳丿 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲 禺賵丿 丿乇 賴乇丕爻 丕爻鬲. 趩賳蹖賳 賳馗乇丕鬲蹖 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 賮乇賵蹖丿 亘丕毓孬 賵丕讴賳卮 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 卮丿 賵听 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 丌賳鈥屬囏� 讴賱 賯囟蹖賴鈥屰� 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕丿蹖倬 乇丕 夭丕蹖蹖丿賴鈥屰� 鬲禺蹖賱丕鬲 賲乇丿丕賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 亘毓囟蹖 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘丕蹖丿 賮乇囟蹖賴鈥屰� 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕丿蹖倬 乇丕 讴丕賲賱丕 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丿蹖诏乇 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘丕蹖丿 丌賳 乇丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲 賵賱蹖 賳賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賵蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屭佖� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 讴賴 賳诏賴丿丕乇賳丿賴鈥屰� 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 夭賳 亘丕卮丿.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 卮亘丕賴鬲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 亘賴 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲賽 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌賳鈥屬囏� 讴賲鬲乇 賵 丕賴賲蹖鬲賽 鬲亘毓蹖囟 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕爻鬲. 丌賳丕賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘賴 噩丕蹖 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賳 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 賵 胤亘賯賴鈥屰� 讴丕乇诏乇貙 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 賵 鬲亘毓蹖囟鈥屬囏й� 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 丌賳 倬乇丿丕禺鬲.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丕孬乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 卮丕禺賴 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲貙 讴鬲丕亘 芦噩賳爻 丿賵賲禄 丕孬乇 芦爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇禄 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 芦丿蹖诏乇 亘賵丿賳禄 爻鬲賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀�. 賲乇丿 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賴爻鬲蹖賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賵噩賵丿賽 禺賵丿 賲毓賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ簇� 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 夭賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 芦丿蹖诏乇禄 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘賴 丕賵 賲毓賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ促嗀�. 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 夭賳 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵 亘乇趩爻亘鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賵噩賵丿 丕賵 乇丕 賲丨丿賵丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賮乇丕鬲乇 乇賵丿 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 賴賲丕賳 爻丕夭丿 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘丕卮丿.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵 賴丿賮 賵丕丨丿蹖 亘乇诏夭蹖丿 趩賵賳 爻丕丿賴鈥屫池ж槽� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘賴 蹖讴 毓賯蹖丿賴 蹖丕 蹖讴 鬲賮讴乇貙 蹖讴 賳賵毓 芦噩夭賲鈥屫з嗀屫篡屄� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 禺氐賵氐蹖丕鬲 賲乇丿丕賳賴 丕爻鬲. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖乇丕 夭賳丕賳 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇賳丿 賵 鬲賳賵毓 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賴乇趩賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘丕卮丿 亘賴鬲乇 丕爻鬲.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿賴 鬲丕 丨丿 丕賲讴丕賳 丕夭 丕馗賴丕乇 賳馗乇賴丕蹖 卮禺氐蹖 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵丿丿丕乇蹖 讴賳丿 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘賴 賳賯賱鈥屬傎堎� 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏� 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲賴賲 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘倬乇丿丕夭丿.
賲爻卅賱賴鈥屰� 丌賳丿乇賵跇賳 亘賵丿賳
丕賳丿乇賵跇賳 亘賵丿賳 (androgyny) 亘賴 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇丕 亘賵丿賳賽 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿 賵 夭賳 亘賴 胤賵乇 賴賲夭賲丕賳 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賵乇丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮鈥屫臂屬� 賲爻丕卅賱 亘蹖賳 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕爻鬲. 賲賵丕賮賯丕賳 丕賳丿乇賵跇賳蹖賽 蹖诏丕賳賴 賲丕蹖賱賳丿 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 讴賲鬲乇 卮賵丿 鬲丕 毓丿丕賱鬲 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 鬲丨賯賯 蹖丕亘丿. 蹖毓賳蹖 賲乇丿丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 夭賳丕賳賴鈥屰� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥屰� 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿. 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 芦賲乇丿丕賳诏蹖禄 賵 芦夭賳丕賳诏蹖禄 賴乇 蹖讴 丿乇 噩丕蹖 禺賵丿 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿賳丿 賵 賳亘丕蹖丿 讴賵卮蹖丿 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲.
爻丕蹖乇 賲爻丕卅賱 賲賵乇丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮
胤蹖賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 趩賳丕賳 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 賲爻丕卅賱 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 夭賳丕賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕賲賱丕 賲鬲囟丕丿 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 賲孬賱丕 讴賳鬲乇賱 亘丕乇丿丕乇蹖貙 爻賯胤 噩賳蹖賳貙 乇賵爻倬蹖诏乇蹖貙 倬賵乇賳賵诏乇丕賮蹖貙 乇丨賽賲賽 丕噩丕乇賴鈥屫й屫� 毓賯蹖賲鈥屫池ж槽屫� 賮乇夭賳丿丌賵乇蹖 賵 丨爻 賲丕丿乇蹖. 丕蹖賳 賲賵丕乇丿 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵乇丿 亘丨孬 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�.
亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 賱匕鬲鈥屫ㄘ� 亘賵丿貙 賵賱蹖 亘丕蹖丿 诏賮鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й屰� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丿乇 丨丕賱 丨丕囟乇 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘蹖卮鬲乇 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 鬲丕 禺丕乇噩. 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 讴賴 賯丿蹖賲蹖 卮丿賴 (趩丕倬蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賲賵乇丿 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 郾酃鄹酃 丕爻鬲) 蹖丕 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲賯爻蹖賲鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲蹖 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 卮丕蹖丿 賳賯賱 賯賵賱鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丕賵丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 賲禺丕胤亘 毓丕賲 禺爻鬲賴鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 亘丕卮丿 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖鈥屬囏� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 毓丕賲賴鈥屬矩迟嗀� 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屬矩迟嗀嗀�.
丌賳趩賴 噩丕蹖 禺丕賱蹖卮 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丕丨爻丕爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賵 賲賯丕蹖爻賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏ж池�. 丕蹖賳讴賴 賲孬賱丕 亘鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 卮丕禺氐鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 讴蹖賮蹖鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳丕賳 鬲毓乇蹖賮 讴賳蹖賲 賵 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 卮丕禺氐鈥屬囏� 賲孬賱丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 丿丕乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 亘賴鬲乇賳丿 蹖丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓蹖 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖貙 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖貙 蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱 诏賮鬲賲丕賳 乇丕蹖噩鈥屫臂� 賴爻鬲賳丿.
丕賱亘鬲賴 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 诏賮鬲 賴丿賮賽 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 氐乇賮丕 賲毓乇賮蹖 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賳賴 賲賯丕蹖爻賴鈥屰� 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏�.
讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 賯丕亘賱 賯亘賵賱蹖 丿丕乇丿 賵 丿乇 丕賳噩丕賲 乇爻丕賱鬲卮 蹖毓賳蹖 賲毓乇賮蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賵 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏� 丌賳 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵賮賯 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 禺賵丕賳賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 賳馗乇丕鬲 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 倬爻賳丿蹖丿 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丿蹖诏乇 乇丕 賳賴.
丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕卮丿 讴賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 噩丕賲毓賴 賴賳賵夭 爻賳鬲蹖 賵 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 賲乇丿賲貙 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀屘� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 乇賵蹖讴乇丿賴丕蹖 睾蹖乇毓賯賱丕賳蹖 蹖丕 丕賮乇丕胤蹖 丨丕賲蹖丕賳賽 丌賳 賲禺氐賵氐丕賸 丿乇 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 讴卮賵乇賴丕爻鬲. (乇丕噩毓 亘賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩乇丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賲鬲 乇賮鬲賴鈥屫ж池� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏� 賳賵卮鬲 讴賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴賲 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲)
賲卮讴賱丕鬲蹖 賲孬賱 賯鬲賱鈥屬囏й� 賳丕賲賵爻蹖貙 讴賵丿讴鈥屬囐呚池臂屫� 丨賯 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 倬賵卮卮 賵 丌夭丕丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 賮賯胤 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 乇丕賴 丨賱鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賴 卮乇胤蹖 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘卮賳丕爻蹖賲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺趩賴鈥屰� 丌賳 乇丕 亘丿丕賳蹖賲. 丌賳诏丕賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 爻賵丕賱 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕夭 胤蹖賮 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘賴 賳賮毓 夭賳丕賳 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿 蹖丕 賳賴.
丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘
芦丿乇丌賲丿蹖 噩丕賲毓 亘乇 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖禄 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 丿賯蹖賯蹖 亘乇丕蹖 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 讴鬲丕亘 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 毓賳賵丕賳蹖 賲賳丕爻亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲:
讴鬲丕亘 芦噩丕賲毓禄 丕爻鬲貙 趩賵賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 讴賵卮蹖丿賴 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇丕 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖 鬲丕 夭賲丕賳 趩丕倬 讴鬲丕亘 诏乇丿 丌賵乇丿.
賵 賵丕賯毓丕 芦丿乇丌賲丿禄 丕爻鬲 趩賵賳 乇丕噩毓 亘賴 賴乇讴丿丕賲 丕夭 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 噩乇蹖丕賳鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 蹖讴 讴鬲丕亘賽 賲噩夭丕 賳賵卮鬲鈥�.
賴乇 賮氐賱賽 讴鬲丕亘 蹖讴 卮丕禺賴 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 丕夭 丿蹖丿诏丕賴賽 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳賽 賲賴賲賽 丌賳 卮丕禺賴 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘賽 夭賲丕賳蹖 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 爻倬爻 賳賯丿賽 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳賽 丌賳 卮丕禺賴 丌賵乇丿賴 卮丿賴 賵 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屭屫臂屬� 賲禺鬲氐乇蹖 賴賲 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 賴乇 賮氐賱 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿.
亘丨孬 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 賴乇卮丕禺賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮氐賱 丕爻鬲 賵 賲賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵堌促� 賮賯胤 趩讴蹖丿賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 賴乇 卮丕禺賴 乇丕 丕蹖賳噩丕 亘蹖丕賵乇賲:
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱
賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賵 毓乇賮蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇丕賴 乇丕 亘乇 賵乇賵丿 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲蹖鈥屫ㄙ嗀嗀�. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 丕蹖賳 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇胤乇賮 卮賵賳丿 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵 賲乇丿丕賳 丕夭 賮乇氐鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲爻丕賵蹖 丌賲賵夭卮蹖 賵 丨賯賵賯 賲丿賳蹖賽 亘乇丕亘乇 亘乇禺賵乇丿丕乇 亘丕卮賳丿. 亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲蹖 亘丕蹖丿 賯賵丕賳蹖賳 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 賲賳氐賮丕賳賴 亘賳丕 賳賴蹖賲 鬲丕 賮乇氐鬲 亘乇丕蹖 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賴賲 卮賵丿.
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲
賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 賵 賲丕賱讴蹖鬲 禺氐賵氐蹖 毓丕賲賱 丕氐賱蹖 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 丕賲讴丕賳 賳丿丕乇丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 賮乇氐鬲 乇卮丿 賵 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 賮乇丕賴賲 賳賲賵丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘乇丕蹖 丨賱 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 夭賳丕賳 亘丕蹖丿 賳馗丕賲 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屫ж臂� 賳丕亘賵丿 卮丿賴 賵 亘丕 賳馗丕賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 噩丕蹖诏夭蹖賳 卮賵丿 鬲丕 丕亘夭丕乇賽 鬲賵賱蹖丿 丿乇 丿爻鬲 賴賲诏丕賳 亘丕卮丿. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖賽 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 賲乇丿丕賳 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賵 亘乇丕亘乇蹖賽 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘丕 賲乇丿丕賳 鬲丨賯賯 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱
乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱鈥屬佡呟屬嗃屫迟呪€屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賲卮讴賱 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 丕夭 賳馗乇丕鬲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬囏� 賵 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏ж池� 賵 丕爻丕爻丕賸 丕蹖賳 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 乇蹖卮賴鈥屭┵� 卮賵丿 賵 乇丕賴 乇蹖卮賴鈥屭┵� 讴乇丿賳 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇蹖 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賯丕賳賵賳蹖 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 賳丕亘賵丿 卮賵丿 亘賱讴賴 賳賴丕丿鈥屬囏й� 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 (讴賴 毓亘丕乇鬲鈥屫з嗀� 丕夭 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴貙 讴賱蹖爻丕貙 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賵 ...) 亘丕蹖丿 鬲囟毓蹖賮 卮賵賳丿 蹖丕 丕夭 亘蹖賳 亘乇賵賳丿. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲禺丕賱賮 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 賳馗賲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖爻鬲鈥屫促嗀ж� 亘蹖賳 賲乇丿丕賳 賵 夭賳丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏� 乇丕 毓丕賲賱 鬲囟毓蹖賮 噩丕蹖诏丕賴 夭賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫з嗁嗀�.
賮賲蹖賳爻蹖賲 乇賵丕賳鈥屭┴з堌з嗁�
亘丨孬 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵 毓賲丿鬲丕賸 亘賴 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賮乇賵蹖丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 賲乇丕丨賱 乇卮丿 賵 賳賲賵 賳賵夭丕丿 賵 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕購丿蹖倬 亘丕夭賲蹖鈥屭必�. 胤亘賯 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賮乇賵蹖丿 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕購丿蹖倬 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬爻乇丕賳 亘賴鬲乇 亘鬲賵丕賳賳丿 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 丕丿睾丕賲 卮賵賳丿貙 賵賱蹖 丕丿睾丕賲 丿禺鬲乇丕賳 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賵 賮乇賴賳诏 賳丕讴丕賲賱 丕爻鬲. 夭賳 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴賳诏 賵 丿乇 賲賯丕賲 讴爻蹖 讴賴 亘乇 丕賵 爻蹖胤乇賴 丿丕乇賳丿 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲 禺賵丿 丿乇 賴乇丕爻 丕爻鬲. 趩賳蹖賳 賳馗乇丕鬲蹖 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 賮乇賵蹖丿 亘丕毓孬 賵丕讴賳卮 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 卮丿 賵听 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 丌賳鈥屬囏� 讴賱 賯囟蹖賴鈥屰� 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕丿蹖倬 乇丕 夭丕蹖蹖丿賴鈥屰� 鬲禺蹖賱丕鬲 賲乇丿丕賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 亘毓囟蹖 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘丕蹖丿 賮乇囟蹖賴鈥屰� 毓賯丿賴鈥屰� 丕丿蹖倬 乇丕 讴丕賲賱丕 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丿蹖诏乇 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘丕蹖丿 丌賳 乇丕 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲 賵賱蹖 賳賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賵蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屭佖� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 讴賴 賳诏賴丿丕乇賳丿賴鈥屰� 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 夭賳 亘丕卮丿.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲 卮亘丕賴鬲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 亘賴 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 丿丕乇賳丿貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲賽 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌賳鈥屬囏� 讴賲鬲乇 賵 丕賴賲蹖鬲賽 鬲亘毓蹖囟 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕爻鬲. 丌賳丕賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 亘賴 噩丕蹖 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賳 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 胤亘賯丕鬲蹖 賵 胤亘賯賴鈥屰� 讴丕乇诏乇貙 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 賳馗丕賲 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 賵 鬲亘毓蹖囟鈥屬囏й� 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 丌賳 倬乇丿丕禺鬲.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲
賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丕孬乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 卮丕禺賴 丕夭 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲貙 讴鬲丕亘 芦噩賳爻 丿賵賲禄 丕孬乇 芦爻蹖賲賵賳 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇禄 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 芦丿蹖诏乇 亘賵丿賳禄 爻鬲賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁嗀�. 賲乇丿 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賴爻鬲蹖賽 丌夭丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賵噩賵丿賽 禺賵丿 賲毓賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ簇� 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 夭賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 芦丿蹖诏乇禄 蹖丕 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘賴 丕賵 賲毓賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ促嗀�. 丿賵亘賵賵丕乇 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 夭賳 亘丕蹖丿 丕夭 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵 亘乇趩爻亘鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賵噩賵丿 丕賵 乇丕 賲丨丿賵丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賮乇丕鬲乇 乇賵丿 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 賴賲丕賳 爻丕夭丿 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘丕卮丿.
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳
賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賵 賴丿賮 賵丕丨丿蹖 亘乇诏夭蹖丿 趩賵賳 爻丕丿賴鈥屫池ж槽� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘賴 蹖讴 毓賯蹖丿賴 蹖丕 蹖讴 鬲賮讴乇貙 蹖讴 賳賵毓 芦噩夭賲鈥屫з嗀屫篡屄� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 禺氐賵氐蹖丕鬲 賲乇丿丕賳賴 丕爻鬲. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖乇丕 夭賳丕賳 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇賳丿 賵 鬲賳賵毓 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賴乇趩賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘丕卮丿 亘賴鬲乇 丕爻鬲.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿賴 鬲丕 丨丿 丕賲讴丕賳 丕夭 丕馗賴丕乇 賳馗乇賴丕蹖 卮禺氐蹖 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 禺賵丿丿丕乇蹖 讴賳丿 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘賴 賳賯賱鈥屬傎堎� 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏� 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲賴賲 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘倬乇丿丕夭丿.
賲爻卅賱賴鈥屰� 丌賳丿乇賵跇賳 亘賵丿賳
丕賳丿乇賵跇賳 亘賵丿賳 (androgyny) 亘賴 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇丕 亘賵丿賳賽 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿 賵 夭賳 亘賴 胤賵乇 賴賲夭賲丕賳 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賵乇丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮鈥屫臂屬� 賲爻丕卅賱 亘蹖賳 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 丕爻鬲. 賲賵丕賮賯丕賳 丕賳丿乇賵跇賳蹖賽 蹖诏丕賳賴 賲丕蹖賱賳丿 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 讴賲鬲乇 卮賵丿 鬲丕 毓丿丕賱鬲 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 鬲丨賯賯 蹖丕亘丿. 蹖毓賳蹖 賲乇丿丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 夭賳丕賳賴鈥屰� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賵 夭賳丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥屰� 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿. 賲禺丕賱賮丕賳 賲毓鬲賯丿賳丿 芦賲乇丿丕賳诏蹖禄 賵 芦夭賳丕賳诏蹖禄 賴乇 蹖讴 丿乇 噩丕蹖 禺賵丿 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿賳丿 賵 賳亘丕蹖丿 讴賵卮蹖丿 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 诏匕丕卮鬲.
爻丕蹖乇 賲爻丕卅賱 賲賵乇丿 丕禺鬲賱丕賮
胤蹖賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 趩賳丕賳 诏爻鬲乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 賲爻丕卅賱 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 夭賳丕賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 讴丕賲賱丕 賲鬲囟丕丿 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 賲孬賱丕 讴賳鬲乇賱 亘丕乇丿丕乇蹖貙 爻賯胤 噩賳蹖賳貙 乇賵爻倬蹖诏乇蹖貙 倬賵乇賳賵诏乇丕賮蹖貙 乇丨賽賲賽 丕噩丕乇賴鈥屫й屫� 毓賯蹖賲鈥屫池ж槽屫� 賮乇夭賳丿丌賵乇蹖 賵 丨爻 賲丕丿乇蹖. 丕蹖賳 賲賵丕乇丿 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵乇丿 亘丨孬 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�.
亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 禺賵丕賳丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 賱匕鬲鈥屫ㄘ� 亘賵丿貙 賵賱蹖 亘丕蹖丿 诏賮鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й屰� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丿乇 丨丕賱 丨丕囟乇 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳 亘蹖卮鬲乇 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 鬲丕 禺丕乇噩. 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 讴賴 賯丿蹖賲蹖 卮丿賴 (趩丕倬蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賲賵乇丿 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 郾酃鄹酃 丕爻鬲) 蹖丕 卮丕蹖丿 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲賯爻蹖賲鈥屫ㄙ嗀� 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲蹖 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 卮丕蹖丿 賳賯賱 賯賵賱鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丕賵丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 賲禺丕胤亘 毓丕賲 禺爻鬲賴鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 亘丕卮丿 賵 禺丕乇噩蹖鈥屬囏� 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 毓丕賲賴鈥屬矩迟嗀� 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屬矩迟嗀嗀�.
丌賳趩賴 噩丕蹖 禺丕賱蹖卮 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 丕丨爻丕爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賵 賲賯丕蹖爻賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏ж池�. 丕蹖賳讴賴 賲孬賱丕 亘鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 卮丕禺氐鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 讴蹖賮蹖鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭賳丕賳 鬲毓乇蹖賮 讴賳蹖賲 賵 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 卮丕禺氐鈥屬囏� 賲孬賱丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 丿丕乇丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱 亘賴鬲乇賳丿 蹖丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓蹖 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖貙 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖貙 蹖丕 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱 诏賮鬲賲丕賳 乇丕蹖噩鈥屫臂� 賴爻鬲賳丿.
丕賱亘鬲賴 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 诏賮鬲 賴丿賮賽 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 氐乇賮丕 賲毓乇賮蹖 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賳賴 賲賯丕蹖爻賴鈥屰� 丿爻鬲丕賵乇丿賴丕蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏�.
讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 賯丕亘賱 賯亘賵賱蹖 丿丕乇丿 賵 丿乇 丕賳噩丕賲 乇爻丕賱鬲卮 蹖毓賳蹖 賲毓乇賮蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賵 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏� 丌賳 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵賮賯 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 禺賵丕賳賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇禺蹖 丕夭 賳馗乇丕鬲 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 倬爻賳丿蹖丿 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丿蹖诏乇 乇丕 賳賴.
May 10, 2018
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲丿鬲鈥屬囏� 鬲賵蹖 讴鬲丕亘禺賵賳賴鈥屫з� 亘賵丿 賵 賲蹖鈥屫必驰屫� 亘乇賲 爻賲鬲卮. 賵賱蹖 丨丕賱丕 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賳卮 鬲賲賵賲 卮丿 賳丕乇丕丨鬲賲 讴賴 趩乇丕 夭賵丿鬲乇 賳乇賮鬲賲 爻乇丕睾卮.
亘乇丕蹖 賮賴賲 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖貙 亘蹖賳賴丕蹖鬲 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘 賵 噩匕丕亘蹖賴. 賳賴 賮賯胤 賴乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 亘賴 禺賵亘蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴貙 亘賱讴賴 亘禺卮蹖 乇賵 亘賴 丌賵乇丿賳 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 賵丕乇丿 卮丿賴 亘賴 丕賵賳 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏� 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕丿賴 賵 丨鬲蹖 诏丕賴蹖 丕賵賳 賳賯丿賴丕 乇賵 賴賲 賳賯丿 讴乇丿賴.
趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 亘乇丕賲 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿貙 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 丿睾丿睾賴 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 鬲乇讴蹖亘 賴賵蹖鬲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲 蹖丕 賵丨丿鬲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲 賲蹖鈥屫必迟� 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 乇賵 丿乇 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫�. 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩胤賵乇 丿乇 毓蹖賳 亘賴 乇爻賲蹖鬲 卮賳丕禺鬲賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏ж� 噩賳亘卮 賵丨丿鬲鈥屫ㄘ篡� 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賳馗丕賲 賮毓賱蹖 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴.
亘乇丕蹖 賮賴賲 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賲禺鬲賱賮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖貙 亘蹖賳賴丕蹖鬲 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘 賵 噩匕丕亘蹖賴. 賳賴 賮賯胤 賴乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 乇賵 亘賴 禺賵亘蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴貙 亘賱讴賴 亘禺卮蹖 乇賵 亘賴 丌賵乇丿賳 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 賵丕乇丿 卮丿賴 亘賴 丕賵賳 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏� 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕丿賴 賵 丨鬲蹖 诏丕賴蹖 丕賵賳 賳賯丿賴丕 乇賵 賴賲 賳賯丿 讴乇丿賴.
趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 亘乇丕賲 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿貙 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 丿睾丿睾賴 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 鬲乇讴蹖亘 賴賵蹖鬲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲 蹖丕 賵丨丿鬲 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲 賲蹖鈥屫必迟� 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 乇賵 丿乇 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 爻賵爻蹖丕賱 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏� 賵 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲鈥屬囏й� 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫�. 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩胤賵乇 丿乇 毓蹖賳 亘賴 乇爻賲蹖鬲 卮賳丕禺鬲賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏ж� 噩賳亘卮 賵丨丿鬲鈥屫ㄘ篡� 丕蹖噩丕丿 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賳馗丕賲 賮毓賱蹖 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴.
January 6, 2023
3.5 stars
A great reference book for all the "western", second wave, white feminisms. Not so much for everything else.
The older editions of this book are definitely lacking for the modern reader. Initially written in 1989, the book dedicates multiple chapters to white/western feminism with almost no mention of the extensive works of women of colour and queer feminists, or to feminism outside of a 'western society' context.
However, over the years, Tong has revised and edited the text and added chapters on queer, third wave, women of colour, and global feminist thought. What I most appreciate about her is that she admits the shortcomings of the book and she's open to improvements and growth. I am basing this review on the 5th edition (2017) which is the newest one, and in my opinion, the only relevant edition.
The book starts with liberal feminism, moves on to Marxist/Socialist feminism, then introduces Radical feminism, then talks about women of colour and black feminism in the context of the united states, and then on a global scale. After these five chapters, she moves on to more philosophical schools of thought and talks about psychoanalytic, existential, poststructural, postmodern, care-focused, and ecofeminism. She ends the book with a chapter on third wave and queer feminism.
Each chapter introduces main ideas of that school of thought, quoting its important thinkers (in mostly a chronological order), expands and explains their arguments, and then includes different critiques of that school of thought. She ends each chapter with questions for discussion. There are no conclusions at the end of the book - as she mentions in the introduction: 鈥淎lthough all feminist perspectives cannot be equally correct, there is no need here for a definitive final say. Instead there is always room for growth, improvement, reconsideration, and expansion for true feminist thinkers. This breathing space helps keep us from falling into the authoritarian trap of having to know it all.鈥�
What I find most useful about this book is the inclusion of critiques on each school of thought. Reading those helps keep the reader consistently challenged, helps one engage with ideas and history better, and promotes learning while not drawing conclusions too quickly or becoming a "follower" of any specific school of thought. For this reason, and because of the extensive chapters on liberal, marxist/socialist, and radical feminism (which are three huge schools of thoughts that modern mainstream feminism consistently challenges) I think this an invaluable read and a great reference book for anyone interested in feminist theory to have on their shelf.
My main beef with the book, however, is the inadequate attention given to all things global, non-western, and women of colour feminisms. Out of two chapters on women of colour, one focuses solely on the United States and various forms of Black / WOC feminisms within the context of that country, and then puts everything else, every other country and global issues, into one single chapter on postcolonial, transnational, and global feminism. I might be wrong, but I don't know why psychoanalytic, existensial/postmodern, and care-focused feminism each merit a chapter, while the entirety of the global south only gets one. I don't think that's proportionate. It is true that global south feminist movements are less known in academia, but they are not by any means less important, especially given the fact that right now, women and queer issues are significantly graver and more relevant in many developing countries, and there are authors, thinkers, and activists in the global south who have been writing and producing knowledge on their struggles for decades, and yet they don't get the coverage they deserve in books like this.
My other issue with the book is its use of outdated language when talking about queer theory and identities especially regarding trans people. The book frequently uses the word 鈥渢ranssexual鈥�, not necessarily interchangeably with 鈥渢ransgender鈥�, but in a rather arbitrary way, without even defining what she means by each of these words. She also sometimes uses sex and gender interchangeably in some cases. There are also some weird remarks and quotes about trans people that just rub me off the wrong way. For a reference text that鈥檚 trying to be inclusive of queer identities, and that goes into such meticulous details on terminology in other chapters, this is at best a lazy oversight and at worst some casual transphobia. Which is not ok.
I initially read the 2009 edition with a women studies book club in 2019, when I was just starting to learn about the history of feminist theories. I loved it at the time, learned a lot from it, and didn't really see its shortcomings. I revisited the book in 2022-2023, and I saw its shortcomings much more clearly, so I'm changing my initial 5 star rating.
I still think this is a worthy read for the most part. It's on my list of feminist theory readings 101 (at least the earlier chapters) it has taught me a lot and challenged my ideas. I still refer to it every time I need to look up something about liberal/socialist/older radical feminism.
However, I would suggest you take it with a grain of salt on chapters about global, WoC, and queer feminism. It has lazy shortcomings, is by no means comprehensive or even fully accurate in those parts, and there are many better reads about intersectional feminism and queer theory out there. Definitely read the book, but read other books too!
A great reference book for all the "western", second wave, white feminisms. Not so much for everything else.
The older editions of this book are definitely lacking for the modern reader. Initially written in 1989, the book dedicates multiple chapters to white/western feminism with almost no mention of the extensive works of women of colour and queer feminists, or to feminism outside of a 'western society' context.
However, over the years, Tong has revised and edited the text and added chapters on queer, third wave, women of colour, and global feminist thought. What I most appreciate about her is that she admits the shortcomings of the book and she's open to improvements and growth. I am basing this review on the 5th edition (2017) which is the newest one, and in my opinion, the only relevant edition.
The book starts with liberal feminism, moves on to Marxist/Socialist feminism, then introduces Radical feminism, then talks about women of colour and black feminism in the context of the united states, and then on a global scale. After these five chapters, she moves on to more philosophical schools of thought and talks about psychoanalytic, existential, poststructural, postmodern, care-focused, and ecofeminism. She ends the book with a chapter on third wave and queer feminism.
Each chapter introduces main ideas of that school of thought, quoting its important thinkers (in mostly a chronological order), expands and explains their arguments, and then includes different critiques of that school of thought. She ends each chapter with questions for discussion. There are no conclusions at the end of the book - as she mentions in the introduction: 鈥淎lthough all feminist perspectives cannot be equally correct, there is no need here for a definitive final say. Instead there is always room for growth, improvement, reconsideration, and expansion for true feminist thinkers. This breathing space helps keep us from falling into the authoritarian trap of having to know it all.鈥�
What I find most useful about this book is the inclusion of critiques on each school of thought. Reading those helps keep the reader consistently challenged, helps one engage with ideas and history better, and promotes learning while not drawing conclusions too quickly or becoming a "follower" of any specific school of thought. For this reason, and because of the extensive chapters on liberal, marxist/socialist, and radical feminism (which are three huge schools of thoughts that modern mainstream feminism consistently challenges) I think this an invaluable read and a great reference book for anyone interested in feminist theory to have on their shelf.
My main beef with the book, however, is the inadequate attention given to all things global, non-western, and women of colour feminisms. Out of two chapters on women of colour, one focuses solely on the United States and various forms of Black / WOC feminisms within the context of that country, and then puts everything else, every other country and global issues, into one single chapter on postcolonial, transnational, and global feminism. I might be wrong, but I don't know why psychoanalytic, existensial/postmodern, and care-focused feminism each merit a chapter, while the entirety of the global south only gets one. I don't think that's proportionate. It is true that global south feminist movements are less known in academia, but they are not by any means less important, especially given the fact that right now, women and queer issues are significantly graver and more relevant in many developing countries, and there are authors, thinkers, and activists in the global south who have been writing and producing knowledge on their struggles for decades, and yet they don't get the coverage they deserve in books like this.
My other issue with the book is its use of outdated language when talking about queer theory and identities especially regarding trans people. The book frequently uses the word 鈥渢ranssexual鈥�, not necessarily interchangeably with 鈥渢ransgender鈥�, but in a rather arbitrary way, without even defining what she means by each of these words. She also sometimes uses sex and gender interchangeably in some cases. There are also some weird remarks and quotes about trans people that just rub me off the wrong way. For a reference text that鈥檚 trying to be inclusive of queer identities, and that goes into such meticulous details on terminology in other chapters, this is at best a lazy oversight and at worst some casual transphobia. Which is not ok.
I initially read the 2009 edition with a women studies book club in 2019, when I was just starting to learn about the history of feminist theories. I loved it at the time, learned a lot from it, and didn't really see its shortcomings. I revisited the book in 2022-2023, and I saw its shortcomings much more clearly, so I'm changing my initial 5 star rating.
I still think this is a worthy read for the most part. It's on my list of feminist theory readings 101 (at least the earlier chapters) it has taught me a lot and challenged my ideas. I still refer to it every time I need to look up something about liberal/socialist/older radical feminism.
However, I would suggest you take it with a grain of salt on chapters about global, WoC, and queer feminism. It has lazy shortcomings, is by no means comprehensive or even fully accurate in those parts, and there are many better reads about intersectional feminism and queer theory out there. Definitely read the book, but read other books too!
May 29, 2019
賰鬲丕亘 丿乇 賴卮鬲 賮氐賱 亘賴 亘乇乇爻賷 賮賲賷賳賷爻賲 賱賷亘乇丕賱鈥屫� 賮賲賷賳賷爻賲 賲丕乇賰爻賷爻鬲蹖鈥屫� 賮賲賷賳蹖爻賲 乇丕丿賷賰丕賱 賵 賲亘丕丨孬 鬲賵賱賷丿 賲孬賱 賵 賲丕丿乇蹖貙 賮賲賷賳賷爻賲 乇丕丿賷賰丕賱 賵 賲亘丕丨孬 噩賳爻賷鬲 賵 賲賷賱 噩賳爻蹖貙 賮賲賷賳蹖爻賲 乇丕賵丕賳賰丕賵丕賳賴貙 賮賲賷賳賷爻锟斤拷 爻賵爻賷丕賱賷爻鬲蹖貙 賮賲賷賳賷爻賲 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖貙 賵 賮賲賷賳賷爻賲 倬爻丕 賲丿乇賳 賲蹖鈥� 倬乇丿丕夭丿. 讴賴 賴乇 蹖讴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳诏乇卮鈥屬囏� 倬丕爻禺 噩夭卅蹖 賵 賲賯胤毓蹖 亘賴 芦賲爻卅賱賴 夭賳禄 亘賵丿賳丿 讴賴 丿乇 乇賵卮 卮賳丕爻蹖 賴賲 賳賯丕胤 囟毓賮 丿丕卮鬲賳丿 賴賲 賯賵鬲. 賴賲蹖賳噩賵乇 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 賲賯丿賲賴 诏賮鬲賴:芦 丕賲丕 趩賷夭賷 賰賴 賴賲趩賳丕賳 賲乇丕 亘賴 賵噩丿 賲賷 丌賵乇丿 鬲賱丕賯蹖 丕賷賳 倬丕爻禺 賴丕賷 噩夭卅蹖 賵 賲賯胤毓蹖 丕爻鬲 賰賴 亘丕 倬賷賵爻鬲賳 亘賴 賷賰丿賷诏乇 丕夭 賷賰 爻賵 賲丨賲賱蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵丨賴 爻乇丕賷蹖 亘乇 爻鬲賲 賵 毓賯亘 乇丕賳丿诏蹖 賵 爻乇賰賵亘蹖 賰賴 丕夭 丿賷乇亘丕夭 亘乇 夭賳丕賳 鬲丨賲賷賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 賵 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿賷诏乇 賴賲诏丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賷賳 賴賲賴 夭賳蹖 賮乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁嗀� 賰賴 賳馗丕賲 乇丕 亘賴 夭丕賳賵 丿乇 丌賵乇丿賴 賵 丕禺鬲賷丕乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 丿爻鬲 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵 亘賴 賷賰丿賷诏乇 丿賱诏乇賲蹖 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 賰賴 賴賲趩賵賳 夭賳 亘夭賷賳丿 賵 毓卮賯 亘賵乇夭賳丿 賵 亘禺賳丿賳丿 賵 禺卮賳賵丿 亘丕卮賳丿.禄
鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 毓丕賱蹖賴.
鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 毓丕賱蹖賴.
August 12, 2017
毓賳賵丕賳 讴鬲丕亘 诏賵蹖丕蹖 賲丨鬲賵丕 丕爻鬲.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 賴卮鬲 賮氐賱 丕賳賵丕毓 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 賵 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 賲賵噩賵丿 亘賴 丌賳 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丿乇 賮氐賱 賳賴賲 噩賲毓 亘賳丿蹖 賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳馗乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.( 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲貙 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱貙 乇賵丕賳 讴丕賵丕賳賴貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲貙 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 倬爻鬲鈥屬呚辟�)
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賵 乇丕蹖 卮禺氐蹖 丕卮 乇賵 亘賴 丨丿丕賯賱 亘乇爻賵賳賴 賵 亘賳馗乇 賲賳 丿乇蹖賳 讴丕乇 賲賵賮賯 亘賵丿賴.
鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 禺丕賳賲 賲賳蹖跇賴 賲噩賲賵毓賴 毓乇丕賯蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 乇賵丕賳 賵 丿賯蹖賯 亘賵丿貙 賲鬲乇噩賲 丿乇 蹖丕丿丿丕卮鬲 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖蹖 亘乇禺蹖 賳讴丕鬲 禺丕氐 賲孬賱 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賱賲丕鬲 噩賳爻/噩賳爻蹖鬲貙 賲乇丿丕賳賴/ 賳乇蹖賳賴 賵 夭賳丕賳賴/賲丕丿蹖賳賴 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 鬲乇噩賲賴 丕蹖 丕夭 趩賴 賱睾鬲 賵 賲賮賴賵賲蹖 丿乇 夭亘丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 乇賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴 賵 丿乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 賲鬲賳 亘賴 丌賳 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 亘賵丿賴.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 賴卮鬲 賮氐賱 丕賳賵丕毓 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 賵 賳賯丿賴丕蹖 賲賵噩賵丿 亘賴 丌賳 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丿乇 賮氐賱 賳賴賲 噩賲毓 亘賳丿蹖 賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳馗乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.( 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲貙 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱貙 乇賵丕賳 讴丕賵丕賳賴貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲貙 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 倬爻鬲鈥屬呚辟�)
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賵 乇丕蹖 卮禺氐蹖 丕卮 乇賵 亘賴 丨丿丕賯賱 亘乇爻賵賳賴 賵 亘賳馗乇 賲賳 丿乇蹖賳 讴丕乇 賲賵賮賯 亘賵丿賴.
鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 禺丕賳賲 賲賳蹖跇賴 賲噩賲賵毓賴 毓乇丕賯蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 乇賵丕賳 賵 丿賯蹖賯 亘賵丿貙 賲鬲乇噩賲 丿乇 蹖丕丿丿丕卮鬲 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖蹖 亘乇禺蹖 賳讴丕鬲 禺丕氐 賲孬賱 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賱賲丕鬲 噩賳爻/噩賳爻蹖鬲貙 賲乇丿丕賳賴/ 賳乇蹖賳賴 賵 夭賳丕賳賴/賲丕丿蹖賳賴 賵 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 鬲乇噩賲賴 丕蹖 丕夭 趩賴 賱睾鬲 賵 賲賮賴賵賲蹖 丿乇 夭亘丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 乇賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴 賵 丿乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 賲鬲賳 亘賴 丌賳 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 亘賵丿賴.
December 4, 2021
This is an excellent introduction to the history of feminism for people who aren't familiar with it.
July 18, 2018
亘丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 乇賵 亘匕丕乇賳 鬲賵蹖 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏й� 毓賲賵賲蹖 賲丿丕乇爻 賵 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴鈥屬囏�.
October 27, 2021
A wonderful account on the main streams of thought in feminist philosophy and, I would say, pragmatism. Definitely a great starting point, and by the way, an important one for everyone to read, because I am sick and tired of one equating "feminism" with activities limited to opening the door for oneself (which is not a feminist thing but just good manners that men should possess). I can now see how flat, stereotyped and stupid the popular connotation of the word "feminism" is and how deep its struggles are. Of course, not all people can be philosophers, but it seems to me that 80% of population does not even have the simplest reflective powers and abilities.
This is one of the best books I've bought for myself, because it is also an introduction, though very concise, to many other crucial themes such as psychology and Freudism, existentialism, postmodernism, philosophy of economics, etc.
This is one of the best books I've bought for myself, because it is also an introduction, though very concise, to many other crucial themes such as psychology and Freudism, existentialism, postmodernism, philosophy of economics, etc.
February 11, 2009
Easy to understand, but really white.
January 23, 2012
I almost wrote "a comprehensive introduction," then I realized that's in the title. Anyway, it's true.
May 6, 2023
賲诏乇 噩夭 丕蹖賳 趩賴 丿丕乇蹖賲 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丕賳丿賳責
蹖讴蹖 丿賵 诏夭蹖賳賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 倬蹖卮 乇賵蹖賲丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 诏賵蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丕夭 賲賲蹖夭蹖 乇丿 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿. 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 禺蹖丕賱丕鬲 亘乇賲 丿丕卮鬲賴.
禺賵丕賳丿卮 丕夭 丕賵丕禺乇 丌匕乇 卮乇賵毓 卮丿貙 噩賲毓蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿蹖賲貙 賴賮鬲賴 丕蹖 蹖讴蹖. 丕賲鬲丨丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丌賲丿 賵 倬蹖賵爻鬲诏蹖 丕卮 乇丕 诏爻爻鬲貙 丕賲丕 亘丕 賴賲丕賳 讴卮鬲蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 丌賲丿蹖賲 賵 鬲賲丕賲卮 讴乇丿蹖賲. 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 1989 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴貙 賵乇跇賳 噩丿蹖丿 賴賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 2016 丕蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿賴 賵賱蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 賲丕 賴賲蹖賳 賯丿蹖賲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲丕亘 賲賮氐賱 賵 賯卮賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲貙 亘乇丕蹖 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 賳丨賱賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲貙 丨乇賮 賲鬲賮讴乇蹖賳 丕氐賱蹖 乇丕 丌賵乇丿賴 賵 亘毓丿 賴賲 賳賯丿 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丌賳 賵丕乇丿 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丨乇賮 賴丕蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 讴賴 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賲鬲丕孬乇 丕夭 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲讴丕鬲亘 噩賳乇丕賱 鬲乇賳丿貙 賲賯丿賲賴 賴丕蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 禺賵亘 賵 讴丕乇丌賲丿蹖 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿. 賲孬賱丕 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿賵亘賵丕乇 丕賵賱 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 爻丕乇鬲乇 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴丿貙 蹖丕 丿乇 賮氐賱 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵蹖 鬲丕 噩丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 鬲賵丕賳卮 丕爻鬲貙 賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賵丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 丕賳氐丕賮丕貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲亘丕賳蹖 讴丕乇 賮乇賵蹖丿 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲蹖 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 亘卮賵丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 賴丕蹖 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵 乇丕 賮賴賲蹖丿. 丕蹖賳 蹖毓賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲禺丕胤亘蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賯亘賱 亘丕 丕蹖賳 爻賳鬲 賴丕蹖 丕賳鬲賯丕丿蹖 丌卮賳丕 賳蹖爻鬲 賴賲 賲賳丕爻亘 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賴乇賴 蹖 讴丕賮蹖 乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 亘乇丿. 趩賳丕賳讴賴 丿乇 鬲噩乇亘賴 賲丕 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 丕賮鬲丕丿.
噩賲毓蹖 禺賵丕賳丿賳卮 毓匕丕亘 賵 賱匕鬲 鬲賵丕賲丕賳 亘賵丿. 丕诏乇 鬲讴蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿賲 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲丕賳 丿蹖 亘賴賲賳 噩賲毓 賲蹖卮丿貙 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 賳丕賯氐 賲蹖賲丕賳丿 鬲丕 丕亘丿. 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖 賴賲 讴賳爻賱 卮丿賳 賵 毓丿賲 鬲毓賴丿 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丨丿蹖 讴賴 賲賳 丿丕乇賲 讴賲蹖 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 亘賵丿. 丕賱亘鬲賴 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賲丿毓蹖 亘丕卮賲 讴賴 趩乇丕 亘賯蹖賴 賲孬賱 賲賳 亘蹖讴丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 賵 丿乇 丕蹖丕賱鬲 賲蹖夭乇蹖 賳賲蹖 夭蹖賳丿貙 賳賴責
丨丕賱丕 讴賴 賲乇賵乇 賲蹖讴賳賲 讴賱蹖 賳讴鬲賴 賵 丨丕卮蹖賴 丿丕乇賲 讴賴 丿乇 噩賱爻丕鬲 賲乇賵乇 诏賮鬲賴 丕賲 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳賲貙 丕賲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵卮鬲賳卮 丨賵氐賱賴 賳丿丕乇賲.
賲噩賲賵毓丕 丿乇 乇丕賴 丨賱 賴賲 亘丕 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 亘睾乇賳噩蹖 賲賵丕噩賴蹖賲. 讴蹖 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 亘蹖賮鬲丿 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 責 禺賵丿 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 賴賲 賳賲蹖丿丕賳丿貙 丕胤賱丕毓蹖 賳丿丕乇丿
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賯乇丕乇 賳亘賵丿 賲賳 丕賵賱 亘禺賵丕賳賲. 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 鬲賵 亘禺賵丕賳蹖 賵 賳禺賵丕賳丿蹖. 賴蹖趩. 趩賯丿乇 毓丕賱蹖爻鬲 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭貙 倬乇賵乇丿诏丕乇丕貙 爻倬丕爻
蹖讴蹖 丿賵 诏夭蹖賳賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 倬蹖卮 乇賵蹖賲丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 诏賵蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 丕夭 賲賲蹖夭蹖 乇丿 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿. 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 禺蹖丕賱丕鬲 亘乇賲 丿丕卮鬲賴.
禺賵丕賳丿卮 丕夭 丕賵丕禺乇 丌匕乇 卮乇賵毓 卮丿貙 噩賲毓蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿蹖賲貙 賴賮鬲賴 丕蹖 蹖讴蹖. 丕賲鬲丨丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丌賲丿 賵 倬蹖賵爻鬲诏蹖 丕卮 乇丕 诏爻爻鬲貙 丕賲丕 亘丕 賴賲丕賳 讴卮鬲蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 丌賲丿蹖賲 賵 鬲賲丕賲卮 讴乇丿蹖賲. 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 1989 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴貙 賵乇跇賳 噩丿蹖丿 賴賲蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 2016 丕蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿賴 賵賱蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 賲丕 賴賲蹖賳 賯丿蹖賲蹖 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲丕亘 賲賮氐賱 賵 賯卮賳诏蹖 丕爻鬲貙 亘乇丕蹖 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 丕夭 賳丨賱賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲貙 丨乇賮 賲鬲賮讴乇蹖賳 丕氐賱蹖 乇丕 丌賵乇丿賴 賵 亘毓丿 賴賲 賳賯丿 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 亘賴 丌賳 賵丕乇丿 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丨乇賮 賴丕蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲鬲賮讴乇丕賳 讴賴 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賲鬲丕孬乇 丕夭 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲讴丕鬲亘 噩賳乇丕賱 鬲乇賳丿貙 賲賯丿賲賴 賴丕蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 禺賵亘 賵 讴丕乇丌賲丿蹖 賲蹖诏賵蹖丿. 賲孬賱丕 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿賵亘賵丕乇 丕賵賱 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 爻丕乇鬲乇 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴丿貙 蹖丕 丿乇 賮氐賱 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵蹖 鬲丕 噩丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 鬲賵丕賳卮 丕爻鬲貙 賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賵丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 丕賳氐丕賮丕貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲亘丕賳蹖 讴丕乇 賮乇賵蹖丿 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲蹖 賲蹖 丿賴丿 鬲丕 亘卮賵丿 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 賴丕蹖 乇賵丕賳讴丕賵 乇丕 賮賴賲蹖丿. 丕蹖賳 蹖毓賳蹖 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇丕蹖 賲禺丕胤亘蹖 讴賴 丕夭 賯亘賱 亘丕 丕蹖賳 爻賳鬲 賴丕蹖 丕賳鬲賯丕丿蹖 丌卮賳丕 賳蹖爻鬲 賴賲 賲賳丕爻亘 丕爻鬲 賵 亘賴乇賴 蹖 讴丕賮蹖 乇丕 禺賵丕賴丿 亘乇丿. 趩賳丕賳讴賴 丿乇 鬲噩乇亘賴 賲丕 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 丕賮鬲丕丿.
噩賲毓蹖 禺賵丕賳丿賳卮 毓匕丕亘 賵 賱匕鬲 鬲賵丕賲丕賳 亘賵丿. 丕诏乇 鬲讴蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳丿賲 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲丕賳 丿蹖 亘賴賲賳 噩賲毓 賲蹖卮丿貙 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 賳丕賯氐 賲蹖賲丕賳丿 鬲丕 丕亘丿. 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖 賴賲 讴賳爻賱 卮丿賳 賵 毓丿賲 鬲毓賴丿 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丨丿蹖 讴賴 賲賳 丿丕乇賲 讴賲蹖 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 亘賵丿. 丕賱亘鬲賴 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賲丿毓蹖 亘丕卮賲 讴賴 趩乇丕 亘賯蹖賴 賲孬賱 賲賳 亘蹖讴丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 賵 丿乇 丕蹖丕賱鬲 賲蹖夭乇蹖 賳賲蹖 夭蹖賳丿貙 賳賴責
丨丕賱丕 讴賴 賲乇賵乇 賲蹖讴賳賲 讴賱蹖 賳讴鬲賴 賵 丨丕卮蹖賴 丿丕乇賲 讴賴 丿乇 噩賱爻丕鬲 賲乇賵乇 诏賮鬲賴 丕賲 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳賲貙 丕賲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵卮鬲賳卮 丨賵氐賱賴 賳丿丕乇賲.
賲噩賲賵毓丕 丿乇 乇丕賴 丨賱 賴賲 亘丕 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 亘睾乇賳噩蹖 賲賵丕噩賴蹖賲. 讴蹖 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 亘蹖賮鬲丿 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 責 禺賵丿 乇夭賲乇蹖 鬲丕賳诏 賴賲 賳賲蹖丿丕賳丿貙 丕胤賱丕毓蹖 賳丿丕乇丿
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賯乇丕乇 賳亘賵丿 賲賳 丕賵賱 亘禺賵丕賳賲. 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 鬲賵 亘禺賵丕賳蹖 賵 賳禺賵丕賳丿蹖. 賴蹖趩. 趩賯丿乇 毓丕賱蹖爻鬲 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭貙 倬乇賵乇丿诏丕乇丕貙 爻倬丕爻
August 28, 2018
賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 丕夭 丕爻賲 讴鬲丕亘 賲卮禺氐 丕爻鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 爻鬲. 蹖毓賳蹖 倬丕 乇丕 賮乇丕鬲乇 丕夭 亘蹖丕賳 讴賱蹖丕鬲 噩賳亘卮 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必� 賵 亘賴 亘蹖丕賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 噩賳亘卮貙丕賮乇丕丿 賲胤乇丨 丿乇 丌賳 賵 賳賯丿 丕蹖賳 賳馗乇蹖丕鬲 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏�.賳讴鬲賴 丿蹖诏乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿爻鬲 乇賵蹖 賳讴丕鬲 讴賱蹖丿蹖 賵 丨爻丕爻 賴乇讴丿丕賲 丕夭 诏賵賳賴 丕蹖 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 诏匕丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賵賱丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 賳诏丕賴 亘賴 賮賴乇爻鬲 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳 睾蹖乇 丕夭 乇賵丕賱 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 亘賴 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 賴丕蹖 禺丕氐 賴乇诏賵賳賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 倬蹖 亘乇丿.
May 6, 2013
Mostly comprehensive of second-wave, middle-class, straight white lady feminisms, and not so much on all the others.
The section on multicultural/global/postcolonial feminisms is horrible, and frequently confuses Savior theorists for actual postcolonial thought, splendidly missing the point. Please just go read Black Feminist Thought, Feminism on the Border, and some non-Western feminists instead. Feminists of Color are rarely to be found in the book - Mary Daly gets about 7x the amount of coverage that bell hooks does, and none of the coverage mentions any of Daly's more controversial opinions.
The section on postmodern/third wave is muddled and confusing, and she doesn't seem to be particularly sure what the actual thoughts are, just that she's not a fan of them. According to Tong, the second wave had at least 6 distinct schools of thought (or 7, if multicultural is a second wave phenomenon instead of a third wave one), but the third wave is largely homogenized despite her critique of it being that it doesn't homogenize enough. The section largely reads as a "kids today" rant than a synthesis of critical theory. It's also not clear why postmodern is included with third wave, given that most of the postmodern thinkers she cites were writing during the second wave.
Her coverage of the Sex Wars gives quite a bit more coverage to the radical-cultural side, shows it entirely as a second-wave radical feminism phenomenon without looking at it as a second-wave/third wave phenomenon, and totally skips over the extent to which the Sex Wars contributed to the idea that feminism is anti-sexism for straight ladies, and queer theory is anti-sexism for queer ladies. (In fact, the term "queer theory" is totally missing from the book.) Additionally, radical feminism appears to magically end before the radical-cultural side went on a transphobic bender. How lucky of radical feminism to, apparently, end in the early '80s.
In short, the book doesn't do much to answer many of the biggest criticisms of feminism, instead choosing to ignore those criticisms and voices. However, if what you're really looking for is the difference between Betty Friedan and Robin Morgan, this is a great book.
The section on multicultural/global/postcolonial feminisms is horrible, and frequently confuses Savior theorists for actual postcolonial thought, splendidly missing the point. Please just go read Black Feminist Thought, Feminism on the Border, and some non-Western feminists instead. Feminists of Color are rarely to be found in the book - Mary Daly gets about 7x the amount of coverage that bell hooks does, and none of the coverage mentions any of Daly's more controversial opinions.
The section on postmodern/third wave is muddled and confusing, and she doesn't seem to be particularly sure what the actual thoughts are, just that she's not a fan of them. According to Tong, the second wave had at least 6 distinct schools of thought (or 7, if multicultural is a second wave phenomenon instead of a third wave one), but the third wave is largely homogenized despite her critique of it being that it doesn't homogenize enough. The section largely reads as a "kids today" rant than a synthesis of critical theory. It's also not clear why postmodern is included with third wave, given that most of the postmodern thinkers she cites were writing during the second wave.
Her coverage of the Sex Wars gives quite a bit more coverage to the radical-cultural side, shows it entirely as a second-wave radical feminism phenomenon without looking at it as a second-wave/third wave phenomenon, and totally skips over the extent to which the Sex Wars contributed to the idea that feminism is anti-sexism for straight ladies, and queer theory is anti-sexism for queer ladies. (In fact, the term "queer theory" is totally missing from the book.) Additionally, radical feminism appears to magically end before the radical-cultural side went on a transphobic bender. How lucky of radical feminism to, apparently, end in the early '80s.
In short, the book doesn't do much to answer many of the biggest criticisms of feminism, instead choosing to ignore those criticisms and voices. However, if what you're really looking for is the difference between Betty Friedan and Robin Morgan, this is a great book.
December 6, 2018
I was assigned to read this book for an introduction to feminism class I took at college. On a whole, I would say that the authors of this book did a pretty good job of remaining impartial when describing the different viewpoints of various feminist groups. The authors did include sections where they voiced their views on whatever theory they had been talking about so you could read what they thought. I feel that the authors did their best to include discussions of all the different types and theories of feminism, including white, women-of-color, international, and queer feminisms. I think this is a worthwhile textbook for anyone wanting to learn the basics of many kinds of feminist thought.
June 22, 2015
鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 賳噩賲 毓乇丕賯蹖 乇賵丕賳 賵 毓丕賱蹖賴. 蹖讴 賲夭蹖鬲 禺賵卮丕蹖賳丿 讴鬲丕亘 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 丿乇 丕賳鬲賴丕蹖 賴乇 賮氐賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 鬲賵囟蹖丨 蹖讴 賳馗乇蹖賴貙 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賲讴丕鬲亘 丿蹖诏賴 亘賴 丕賵賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 賵丕乇丿 讴乇丿賳丿 乇賵 賴賲 賲胤乇丨 讴乇丿賴. 賲賳 讴賴 讴蹖賮 讴乇丿賲.
Merged review:
禺蹖賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮禺賵丕賳 賵 卮爻鬲賴 乇賮鬲賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿. 賲讴丕鬲亘 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇賵 丿乇 賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 噩丿丕诏丕賳賴 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 賵 丿乇 賴乇 賮氐賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲毓乇賮蹖貙 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 乇賵 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏賴 亘賴 丕賵賳 賲讴鬲亘 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖 丿賵賳賳 乇賵 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖 讴賳賴 賵 丌禺乇 賴乇 賮氐賱 賴賲 蹖賴 噩賲毓 亘賳丿蹖 賲禺鬲氐乇蹖 丕夭 讴賱 賮氐賱 賲蹖 讴賳賴. 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丨乇賮 賳丿丕乇賴貙 賳賲丕蹖賴 賴丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘貙 賵丕跇賴 賳丕賲賴 蹖 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賵 賮丕乇爻蹖 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 亘乇丕蹖 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賵 倬丕賵乇賯蹖 賴丕卮 禺蹖賱蹖 讴丕賲賱 賵 丿乇爻鬲 丨爻丕亘蹖 鬲賳馗蹖賲 卮丿賴 讴賴 讴賲鬲乇 讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 丕蹖 鬲賵 丨賵夭賴 蹖 毓賱賵賲 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖卮賴 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 蹖 丕蹖賳丕 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴
Merged review:
禺蹖賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮禺賵丕賳 賵 卮爻鬲賴 乇賮鬲賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿. 賲讴丕鬲亘 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲蹖 乇賵 丿乇 賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 噩丿丕诏丕賳賴 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 賵 丿乇 賴乇 賮氐賱 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲毓乇賮蹖貙 賳賯丿賴丕蹖蹖 乇賵 讴賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻鬲 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏賴 亘賴 丕賵賳 賲讴鬲亘 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖 丿賵賳賳 乇賵 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖 讴賳賴 賵 丌禺乇 賴乇 賮氐賱 賴賲 蹖賴 噩賲毓 亘賳丿蹖 賲禺鬲氐乇蹖 丕夭 讴賱 賮氐賱 賲蹖 讴賳賴. 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 讴鬲丕亘 丨乇賮 賳丿丕乇賴貙 賳賲丕蹖賴 賴丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘貙 賵丕跇賴 賳丕賲賴 蹖 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賵 賮丕乇爻蹖 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 亘乇丕蹖 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賵 倬丕賵乇賯蹖 賴丕卮 禺蹖賱蹖 讴丕賲賱 賵 丿乇爻鬲 丨爻丕亘蹖 鬲賳馗蹖賲 卮丿賴 讴賴 讴賲鬲乇 讴鬲丕亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 丕蹖 鬲賵 丨賵夭賴 蹖 毓賱賵賲 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖卮賴 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 蹖 丕蹖賳丕 乇賵 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴
February 6, 2022
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴鈥屫池�. 趩蹖夭夭蹖丕丿蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘诏賲. 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 鬲氐賵乇丕鬲鬲賵賳 乇賵 丿诏乇诏賵賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 丿蹖丿 亘爻蹖丕乇 賵爻蹖毓 鬲乇蹖 亘賴鬲賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫�.
賮賯胤 诏丕賴蹖 賮賴賲 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲卮 亘丿賵賳 讴賲蹖 倬蹖卮 夭賲蹖賳賴 丿丕卮鬲賳 丕夭 賲讴丕鬲亘 賲禺鬲賱賮 爻禺鬲賴 賵 賲蹖 鬲賵賳爻鬲 乇丕丨鬲 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴 (亘乇丕蹖 賲孬丕賱 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賮賴賲 亘禺卮 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳卮 爻禺鬲 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻賲 讴賴 讴賲蹖 倬蹖卮 夭賲蹖賳賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 賲蹖鈥屫屫� 丕賵賳 賴丕 乇賵 丿丕乇賴 禺蹖賱蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� ) 讴賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵亘 亘賵丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫促� 丿乇 賳馗乇卮 賳诏乇賮鬲.
賴賲蹖賳 胤賵乇 亘毓囟蹖 賵賯鬲 賴丕 禺賵亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 賳卮丿賴 讴賴 丕賱亘鬲賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 賴賲 夭蹖丕丿 禺乇丿賴 诏乇賮鬲 趩賵賳 賲毓丕丿賱 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 亘乇丕 丕蹖賳 賵丕跇賴 賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賵 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 賵丕囟丨丕 爻禺鬲賴.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 賯胤毓丕 亘丕夭 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁�.
賮賯胤 诏丕賴蹖 賮賴賲 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲卮 亘丿賵賳 讴賲蹖 倬蹖卮 夭賲蹖賳賴 丿丕卮鬲賳 丕夭 賲讴丕鬲亘 賲禺鬲賱賮 爻禺鬲賴 賵 賲蹖 鬲賵賳爻鬲 乇丕丨鬲 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴 (亘乇丕蹖 賲孬丕賱 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賮賴賲 亘禺卮 倬爻丕賲丿乇賳卮 爻禺鬲 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻賲 讴賴 讴賲蹖 倬蹖卮 夭賲蹖賳賴 丿丕卮鬲賲 賲蹖鈥屫屫� 丕賵賳 賴丕 乇賵 丿丕乇賴 禺蹖賱蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� ) 讴賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 禺賵亘 亘賵丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫促� 丿乇 賳馗乇卮 賳诏乇賮鬲.
賴賲蹖賳 胤賵乇 亘毓囟蹖 賵賯鬲 賴丕 禺賵亘 鬲乇噩賲賴 賳卮丿賴 讴賴 丕賱亘鬲賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 賴賲 夭蹖丕丿 禺乇丿賴 诏乇賮鬲 趩賵賳 賲毓丕丿賱 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 亘乇丕 丕蹖賳 賵丕跇賴 賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賵 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 賵丕囟丨丕 爻禺鬲賴.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 賯胤毓丕 亘丕夭 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁�.
March 19, 2020
丿爻鬲賴 亘賳丿蹖 禺賵亘 賵 噩丕賲毓蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲蹖 丿丕卮鬲 貙 鬲賵 讴賳丕亘 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 賮賲賳蹖爻賲 賱蹖亘乇丕賱貙 賲丕乇讴爻蹖爻鬲蹖貙 乇丕丿蹖讴丕賱 貙 乇賵丕賳 讴丕賵丕賳賴貙 爻賵爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖貙 丕诏夭蹖爻鬲丕賳爻蹖丕賱蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 倬爻丕 賲丿乇賳 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕夭 丕蹖賳 噩賴鬲 讴賴 丿蹖丿 賲賳馗賲 鬲乇蹖 亘賴 賴乇 讴丿賵賲 丕夭 丿爻鬲賴 賴丕 鬲賵蹖 匕賴賳 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖讴賳賴 讴鬲丕亘 卮爻鬲賴 賵 乇賮鬲賴 丕蹖 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 賲蹖丕丿 丕賲丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲賴 亘賳丿蹖 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 乇鬲亘賴 亘賳丿蹖 賵 亘乇鬲乇蹖 蹖讴 诏乇賵賴 亘賴 诏乇賵賴 丿蹖诏賴 乇爻蹖丿.
讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 賴賲 賲蹖卮賴 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 賮氐賱 亘賳丿蹖 禺賵賳丿 貙 賴賲 丕诏賴 蹖 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 賯亘賱蹖 亘丕 讴賱蹖鬲 賲賵囟賵毓 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖丿 賲蹖鬲賵賳蹖丿 乇賳丿賲 亘賳丕 亘賴 賳蹖丕夭 亘禺賵賳蹖丿
讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 賴賲 賲蹖卮賴 亘賴 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 賮氐賱 亘賳丿蹖 禺賵賳丿 貙 賴賲 丕诏賴 蹖 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 賯亘賱蹖 亘丕 讴賱蹖鬲 賲賵囟賵毓 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖丿 賲蹖鬲賵賳蹖丿 乇賳丿賲 亘賳丕 亘賴 賳蹖丕夭 亘禺賵賳蹖丿
July 8, 2021
This is a must read.
February 16, 2025
卮禺氐丕 賮讴乇 賲蹖 讴賳賲 蹖讴 夭賲丕賳蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 夭賳丕賳 賳賴 丿賯蹖賯丕 乇丕賴诏卮丕 讴賴 丌睾丕夭 讴賳賳丿賴 亘賵丿賴 賵賱蹖 丕賱丕賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕 賵 卮丕禺賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲賳蹖爻賲 趩賳丕賳 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 卮丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 乇卮丿 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 爻亘讴 丕夭 丿爻鬲賴 亘賳丿蹖 賴丕 賳賲蹖 卮賴 賵丕賯毓丕 賮賴賲蹖丿 趩蹖 亘賵丿賴 賵 趩蹖 卮丿賴 賵 趩蹖 賯乇丕乇 賴爻鬲 讴賴 亘卮賴. 丿乇 囟賲賳 丿乇 丨丕賱 丨丕囟乇 賮丕讴鬲賵乇賴丕蹖蹖 賲孬賱 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 丿乇 亘丨孬 賴丕蹖 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 賮賲蹖賳蹖爻賲 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿 賵 亘丕 丿爻鬲賴 亘賳丿蹖 賴丕蹖 氐乇賮丕 爻蹖丕爻蹖 責! 賳賲蹖 卮賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 乇丕 爻丕丿賴 鬲賵蹖 蹖讴 讴卮賵 賲禺氐賵氐 禺賵丿卮 诏匕丕卮鬲. 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕蹖 亘賴鬲乇蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 賲賳 丕賱亘鬲賴 賴賳賵夭 賳禺賵賳丿賲:))) 賵賱蹖 乇蹖賵蹖賵賴丕卮賵賳 賵 賳馗乇 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賲賵乇丿卮賵賳 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖 丿賴 讴賴 毓賲蹖賯 鬲乇 賵 噩丕賲毓 鬲乇 丨鬲蹖 倬丕蹖賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿.
April 28, 2020
This book is organised around the many schools of feminist thought rather than the successive waves and provides a good introduction to second wave radical and liberal feminism as well as marxist/socialist feminism. Tong also includes several criticisms of each school of thought and the first 3 chapters serve as an easily accessible reader to second wave feminism in general.
The book makes little reference to gender performativity and sexuality however and only makes passing reference to intersectionality in its women of colour chapter. The book thus becomes a bit muddled in its second half as its narrow focus prevents from giving certain topics more critical context.
The book makes little reference to gender performativity and sexuality however and only makes passing reference to intersectionality in its women of colour chapter. The book thus becomes a bit muddled in its second half as its narrow focus prevents from giving certain topics more critical context.
April 6, 2016
禺蹖賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 噩丕賲毓蹖 丿乇 賲亘丕丨孬 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 賴丕爻鬲 賯亘賱 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 乇賵夭诏丕乇卮丕賳 乇賵 禺賵丕賳丿賴 亘賵丿賲 丌賳 賴賲 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵卮 禺賵丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 丕賲丕 丌賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 賱丨丕馗 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丿賵乇賴 賴丕蹖 夭賲丕賳蹖 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 乇丕 賲毓乇賮蹖 賲蹖 讴乇丿 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 乇丕 丿乇 賲讴丕鬲亘 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 賴丕蹖 賮賲賳蹖爻鬲 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 讴乇丿賴 賵 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱 丿爻鬲賴 亘賳丿蹖 禺賵卮賲 丌賲丿.
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November 10, 2014buku ini bisa dibilang kitab sucinya kaum feminis. peneliti feminisme wajib punya buku ini, krn di buku inilah perkembangan feminisme dan beberapa aliran dr 3 gelombang feminisme dijabarkan.
May 1, 2015
Great introduction or review of Feminist Theories.
June 25, 2017
As a man that consider himself not a feminist, at the best the core parts of first and second wave feminism that have actually made a different and that can be defended by common sense, I found it interesting to take a deeper dive into the confusing world of thought that feminisim in all it aspects are. I'm not totally unfamiliar with the issues, but still, reading through "A More Comprehensive Introduction" do widen your knowledge and scope, and you get more understanding for feminist thought in all it forms.
There are however one big fault with the book. All the "criticism" sections are criticism from feminists to feminists, making them sometimes totally ok(that is, they do criticise valid points) but only within the feminist bubble. The whole book lack the criticism from philosophy at large and women and men who think feminism is not the big issue they make it to be. Most people it seem think women are ok, and they think men are ok - and laughs at there being a patriarchy. She only mention shortly a few people at the end, but shruggs them of. Also, it shows pretty well in the discussion she have about the gender pay gap - the criticism Tong knows about does not make it as valid, as she repeats the argument about 79 cents per dollar in the end.
There is also a lot of criticism that I would make that never get the voice. For instance, why is Capitalism so patriarchal, but not Marxism, when it is in the Capitalist world that women have thrived and not in the Communist parts?
Anyway, this is not a book about that discussion, it is a book about being objective about explaining feminist thought through history, and here it does it fairly well and sometimes really well. I do maybe lack a longer chapter than "ties it all together" kind of thing, because not all of history is current today - how is the landscape today, what strains of thought have died off and which ones have survived? What do feminists still fight for, what spesific causes(especially in the west)? Do they only fight for culture to change, or do they fight for a Marxist society? That kinf of things, but maye that is in another kind of book.
There are however one big fault with the book. All the "criticism" sections are criticism from feminists to feminists, making them sometimes totally ok(that is, they do criticise valid points) but only within the feminist bubble. The whole book lack the criticism from philosophy at large and women and men who think feminism is not the big issue they make it to be. Most people it seem think women are ok, and they think men are ok - and laughs at there being a patriarchy. She only mention shortly a few people at the end, but shruggs them of. Also, it shows pretty well in the discussion she have about the gender pay gap - the criticism Tong knows about does not make it as valid, as she repeats the argument about 79 cents per dollar in the end.
There is also a lot of criticism that I would make that never get the voice. For instance, why is Capitalism so patriarchal, but not Marxism, when it is in the Capitalist world that women have thrived and not in the Communist parts?
Anyway, this is not a book about that discussion, it is a book about being objective about explaining feminist thought through history, and here it does it fairly well and sometimes really well. I do maybe lack a longer chapter than "ties it all together" kind of thing, because not all of history is current today - how is the landscape today, what strains of thought have died off and which ones have survived? What do feminists still fight for, what spesific causes(especially in the west)? Do they only fight for culture to change, or do they fight for a Marxist society? That kinf of things, but maye that is in another kind of book.
December 25, 2022
An excellent top-level survey of all feminism's different flavors: close to twenty of them in this volume. It starts with liberal feminism, which stresses equality of opportunity. This comprises feminism's first forays against patriarchy. From there the paths of feminism diverge into quality of life issues, particularly the quandaries of women trying to balance family and career; and from there into more intellectual battlegrounds of identity, sexuality, freedom, psychology, and fulfillment. Name a possible line of inquiry, it seems, and you'll find its related feminism.
One senses the frustrations in this struggle. In the end perhaps too much is asked of feminism. No ideology can finally answer why an individual is unhappy or unfulfilled. There is something tragic in this, such powerful, not to say desperate drives to systematize a serviceable worldview, drives so often seeming to lead only to painful circularities. And tragic not just for women but for all of us. Are women a special case laying claim to preferential attention, or a facet of the larger tragedy of the human condition? The problem is, both.
One senses the frustrations in this struggle. In the end perhaps too much is asked of feminism. No ideology can finally answer why an individual is unhappy or unfulfilled. There is something tragic in this, such powerful, not to say desperate drives to systematize a serviceable worldview, drives so often seeming to lead only to painful circularities. And tragic not just for women but for all of us. Are women a special case laying claim to preferential attention, or a facet of the larger tragedy of the human condition? The problem is, both.
June 8, 2021
gemischte Gef眉hle gegen眉ber dieser Einf眉hrung. Manche Aspekte auf eine bestimmte Bewegung haben mich neugierig gemacht, weil nie davon geh枚rt; andere haben mich verwirrt; ich bin mir immer noch nicht sicher, ob ich das Buch nicht mag oder ob ich - was lustiger w盲re - mit den hier beschriebenen Feminismen nicht besonders zufrieden bin, was deren Verst盲ndnis von der Welt betrifft. Aber es ist tats盲chlich sehr gut, ungef盲hr zu wissen, was psychoanalytischer Feminismus ist (ein Trip!), worauf Simone de Beauvoir aufbaute, und NAJA wie die ganzen feministischen Bewegungen in den USA aussehen, denn oh ja, dieses Buch ist sehr USzentrisch. 馃槄
December 18, 2024
This is a good comprehensive book about feminism, one of the most controversial movements over history. Rosemarie Tong explores the different strands of feminist thought with its prominent feminists and their contributions. She gives illustrative explanation of liberal feminism, Marxist/Socialist feminism, radical feminism, and black feminism. Then, Tong turns to more philosophical schools of thought that affect feminism such as psychoanalytical approach, existentialism, poststructuralism, postmodernism, and ecofeminism. The last part is about the third-wave of feminism. I read the 2009 edition. It is a useful book to understand a lot of ideas, contradictions, and critiques about feminism.
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