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فراتر از واپسین آسمان

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سال نشر: 1382

ادوارد سعید در این اثر، در حاشیه ی عکس های ژان مور از فلسطینیان، به بیان و تحلیل جنبه های گوناگون زندگی فلسطینیان می پردازد

219 pages

First published January 1, 1986

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About the author

Edward W. Said

193books4,007followers
(Arabic Profile إدوارد سعيد)
Edward Wadie Said was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran.

Educated in the Western canon, at British and American schools, Said applied his education and bi-cultural perspective to illuminating the gaps of cultural and political understanding between the Western world and the Eastern world, especially about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Middle East; his principal influences were Antonio Gramsci, Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Michel Foucault, and Theodor Adorno.

As a cultural critic, Said is known for the book Orientalism (1978), a critique of the cultural representations that are the bases of Orientalism—how the Western world perceives the Orient. Said’s model of textual analysis transformed the academic discourse of researchers in literary theory, literary criticism, and Middle-Eastern studies—how academics examine, describe, and define the cultures being studied. As a foundational text, Orientalism was controversial among the scholars of Oriental Studies, philosophy, and literature.

As a public intellectual, Said was a controversial member of the Palestinian National Council, because he publicly criticized Israel and the Arab countries, especially the political and cultural policies of Muslim régimes who acted against the national interests of their peoples. Said advocated the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel, including the right of return to the homeland. He defined his oppositional relation with the status quo as the remit of the public intellectual who has “to sift, to judge, to criticize, to choose, so that choice and agency return to the individual� man and woman.

In 1999, with his friend Daniel Barenboim, Said co-founded the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, based in Seville, which comprises young Israeli, Palestinian, and Arab musicians. Besides being an academic, Said also was an accomplished pianist, and, with Barenboim, co-authored the book Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society (2002), a compilation of their conversations about music. Edward Said died of leukemia on 25 September 2003.

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Profile Image for Saman.
256 reviews90 followers
November 20, 2024
ادوارد سعید در این کتاب به عنوان یک تبعیدی از فلسطین، میاد و زیست فلسطینیان رو به نوعی بازتعریف می‌کن� و روایت خودش رو ارائه میده.بهانه چاپ کتاب هم عکسهایی است که ژان مور از فلسطین گرفته و حالا سعید با کمک اون عکسها که در کتاب تعدادشون زیاد و متاسفانه کیفیت چاپ نازلی هم دارند در مورد ایده خودش حرف میزنه.سعی میکنه از هویت فلسطینی بگه و ضمن تشریح و تبیین اقدامات دشمنان خارجی و رنجی که فلسطینی در طی این سالها کشیده، نسبت به اشتباهات خود فلسطینیان هم بی تفاوت نباشه و اونها رو مطرح کنه.

از متن کتاب:

به نظر من، ما دیگر نمی‌توانی� خودمان را به دیده‌� سابق بنگریم. زمانی که خویشتن را بازتاب یا تقلیدی از جنبش‌های� موفقِ دیگر می‌دیدی�. در دهه‌ها� شصت و هفتاد مشکل نبود تا خودمان را در قالب الجزایری‌ه� و کوبایی‌ه� ببینیم. اکنون دیگر هیچ یک از این مدل‌ه� برای ما کارساز نیست، ولی هنوز به مدل ویژه‌� خودمان دست هم نیافته‌ای�. هنوز بررسی کامل از روندهای پیچیده و کاملاً درهمی که ما را به عنوان یک ملت به یکدیگر پیوند می‌ده� در دست نداریم. فرصت چنین کاری را نداشته‌ای�. فشار زیاد است و وظیفه‌� ما، نو و بی‌نظی�. غیر از کارهایی چون تعمیر ماشین یا همه پرسی، کار مشخص و هدف معلومی وجود ندارد.

از کجا باید آغاز کنیم؟ به باور من، در درجه‌� نخست به جای پافشاری بر یک سلسله اصول سحرآمیز فراتاریخی یا فرااجتماعی، باید از نیروهای مختلفی که از ما مردمی خلاق ساخته آگاه شویم. از نظر اشتیاق و انرژی ــ چه در داخل فلسطین و چه در تبعید ــ کمبودی نداریم. در درجه‌� دوم، باید به جوانان بنگریم که چون پس از سال ۱۹۴۸ و در بی‌وطن� به دنیا آمده‌اند� دارای هویت و سرنوشت مشخص فلسطینی نیستند، بلکه ــ هر چند غریب به نظر آید ــ در تلاقی‌گا� میان کهنه و نو، عرب و غیر عرب، سنتی و غیرسنتی ایستاده‌ان�. به این ترتیب سوال اصلی این است: چه بخش‌‌های� از هویت و تاریخ‌ما� را باید حفظ کنیم. و چه بخش‌های� را باید برای کارایی هر چه بیشتر رابطه‌� دوجانبه‌� میان خود و دیگران، کنار نهیم؟ و آیا چنین دانشی می‌توان� فعالانه و خلاقانه، گذشته و آینده ما را به یکدیگر ربط دهد؟ یا اینکه، تقدیرگرایانه خود را در مقابل قوانین مذهبی و غیر مذهبی تسلیم خواهیم کرد تا به دلخواه خود تاریخ ما را رقم زنند؟
Profile Image for Mohammad Ali Shamekhi.
1,096 reviews298 followers
January 2, 2017
* محتوای کتاب

ادوارد سعید در این کتاب اصل حرفش این است که فلسطینی ها باید به دور از مداخله ی مذهب و ملی گرایی، و صرفا با نظر به حاق واقعیت زندگی شان - همان تلاش های روزمره برای پیش بردن کارهایشان در کشورهای عربی، اروپا یا مناطق اشغالی - جایگاه انسانی خود را بدست آورند. پرداختن به نزاع های مذهبی و ملی گرایانه عملا درگیر شدن در کارهایی است توهم زا که هم تصویر فلسطینیان برای دیگران را مخدوش می کند هم درک آنها را از خودشان. صد البته او به نقش سرکوب گر و تحریف کننده ی رسانه های آمریکایی و اسرائیلی و بی عملی سازمان های بین المللی و عربی هم اشاره می کند؛ ولی به نظر می رسد مشکل را درونی تر از آن می بیند که صرف احاله به فشار بیرونی را برای تبیین بی ملتی فلسطینیان کافی بداند

او از نظر سیاسی حرکت آغازین ساف - سازمان آزادیبخش فلسطین - و شخص عرفات را بسیار مثبت می داند زیرا ساف با پیوند زدن میان گروه های سابقا جدای فلسطینی ها، هم از نظر جغرافیایی و هم از نظر فرهنگی و اقتصادی، امید احیای "ملت" فلسطین را از نو زنده کرد. البته بعد از حمله ی اسرائیل به جنوب لبنان و بیرون کشیدن ساف از لبنان، قدرت سیاسی ساف کاهش یافت و عرفات برای حفظ قدرت به مصالحه هایی تن درداد که امثال ادوارد سعید را از او و ساف گریزان کرد. تا آنجا که در مؤخره ی همین کتاب سعید پیمان اسلو را فاقد دستاورد جدی برای فلسطین می داند و آن را تسلیم نامه ی فلسطینی ها می شمارد

او معتقد است ما باید فلسطینیان را همراه با تجربه هایشان لحاظ کنیم اما آنها را به این تجربه ها فرونکاهیم. آوارگی و گذار مدام از اینجا به آنجا، به فلسطینی ها روحیه ای داده است برای فرا رفتن. و این فراروی است که باید بیش از هر چیز درک ما از فلسطینی ها را شکل دهد

* نظر من

کتاب کتاب خوبیه اما یه جاهایی گنگی هایی داره. من اصل کتاب رو هم نداشتم که بدونم گنگی به دلیل ترجمه هم هست یا نه. البته سعید در آغاز کتاب خودش گفته که به تبعیت از وضعیت گسیخته و پاره پاره ی فلسطینی ها اون هم نوشتاری تکه تکه عرضه می کنه. در مورد ابهامات اگه بخوام یه حرف کلی بزنم اینه که به نظر می رسه ادوارد سعید بیشتر از اینکه با نوشته های فلسفی سروکار داشته باشه با ادبیات سروکار داشته. به همین دلیل نباید خیلی انتظار داشت که استدلال ها یا تحلیل هاش منطقا هم قرص و محکم باشن. حرف های او صرفا روزنه هایی هستند پراکنده که نوری به ذهن خواننده می تابانند

برای من عکس های کتاب عموما چندان جذاب نبودند و خیلی جاها تلاش سعید برای پیوند زدن عکس ها با حرف هایش زیادی تصنعی بود. البته من اهمیت عکس ها برای سعید را درک می کنم: اینکه این تصاویر فلسطینی ها را به دور از امور سیاسی و مذهبی و ... و در حال تلاش و تجربه ی روزمره نشان می دهد. تصاویری که به ما می گوید فلسطینی ها نه تروریستند نه "غیر"یهودی اند نه عرب اند و نه ... بلکه انسان هایی هستند مانند همه ی ما عجین با زندگی انضمامی

در ضمن به نظرم می اومد سعید بیش از حد تجربه ی خودش همچون یک فلسطینی تبعیدی در اروپا رو محور قرار داده. البته خودش مدام تذکر می ده که دید خودش برآمده از جایگاه تبعیدیشه اما فکر نمی کنم این دلیل بشه که در تحلیل هاش فلسطینیان اسرائیلی، و ساکنان غزه و کرانه ی باختری رو مثل خودش فرض کنه - یعنی در عمل بریده از گذشته و سرزمین
Profile Image for amin akbari.
312 reviews158 followers
May 7, 2021
به نام او

🔹�"فراتر از واپسین آسمان" یکی از کتابهی از ادوارد سعید متفکرِ مسیحیِ فلسطینی‌س�. سعید که بیشتر عمر خود را در ایالات متحده آمریکا گذراند. این کتاب را در تبعید نوشت در واقع او به بهانه نشر عکسهای ژان مور عکاس سوئیسی که از سرزمینهای اشغالی برداشته بود، روایتهایی از مکانهای عکس‌بردار� شده نوشت، روایتهایی که بیشتر دربردارنده خاطرات او از سرزمین مادری‌ا� است سرزمینی که بیش از چهل سال از آن دور افتاده بود، البته روایتها فقط خاطره نیست بلکه تحلیلهای سعید از فلسطین و زندگی فلسطینی‌ها� مهاجر در سراسر دنیا نیز هست.
خلاصه "فراتر از واپسین آسمان" یکی از جالبترین و خوش‌خوان‌تری� آثار سعید است که تصویری به یادماندنی از سرزمین مادری او به دست می‌ده�.
ولی متاسفانه ترجمه این کتاب که سالها پیش توسط انتشارات هرمس به چاپ رسیده بود چند سالی‌س� که در بازار موجود نیست. انشاءالله نشر هرمس که به تازگی بسیاری از آثار پیشین خود را تجدید چاپ کرده این کتاب خوب را هم در دستور کار قرار دهد.

🔸️� اما بخشهایی از کتاب:

چگونه یک پدر فلسطینی می‌توان� به دختر و پسر خود بگوید که لبنان، مصر، سوریه، اردن و یا نیویورک جایی است که ما در آن زندگی می‌کنی� اما زادگاه و میهنمان نیست؟ چگونه یک مادر می تواند خاطرات شخصی خود را در فلسطین برای فرزندانش بازگوید در شرایطی که آن واقعیت‌ها� آن مکان‌ها� حتی آن اسم‌ه� دیگر حق زیستن ندارند؟

فلسطین یعنی تبعید، یعنی سلب مالکیت، یعنی غلتیدن خاطرات غیرموثق یک مکان به میان خاطرات مخدوش و ناروشن مکانی دیگر؛ یعنی یادآوری گنگ اشیای مختلف، یعنی پراکندگی هستی‌ها� منفعل در سراسر دنیای عرب. داستان فلسطین را نمی‌توا� یک دست و آرام باز گفت.

ما یهودیانِ دنیایِ عرب هستیم.

فلسطین جای کوچکی است. فلسطین از ردپاها و دعوی‌ها� مردم گوناگون انباشته است. میراث آن نه تنها سرشار از چیرگی و اسکان دوباره گروه‌ها� انسانی، بلکه مملو از حفاری‌ه� و تعبیرهای چند باره تاریخ است.

درک ما از مکان نیز مخدوش شده است. ما به فلسطین، نه به عنوان یک دولت گسترده فلسطینی، بلکه به عنوان سرزمین کوچک و بسیار متراکمی می‌نگری� که ما را از آن به بیرون پرتاب کرده‌ان�. هر تلاش ما برای بازیابی هویت فلسطینی، در عین حال کوششی است برای آنکه بر روی نقشه جایی بیابیم، آنهایی را که در داخل هستند یاری کنیم که جای پای متزلزلشان را محکم کنند.
Profile Image for Sophia.
28 reviews26 followers
May 20, 2016
A beautiful meditation on displacement, loss and the Palestinian experience. Said's use of Jean Mohr's photographs is inspired and his literary and cultural references (not limited to the Middle East) throughout forge many links to other experiences and ideas. Highly recommended.
Profile Image for /d..
158 reviews6 followers
April 13, 2019
A remarkable book about what it means to be Palestinian both in and outside of Palestine, about contradictions and displacement, hope and disappointment:

People ask us, as if looking into an exhibit case, 'What is it you Palestinians want?' - as if we can put our demands into a single neat phrase- All of us speak of awdah, 'return', but do we mean that literally, or do we mean 'we must restore ourselves to ourselves'? The latter is the real point, I think, although I know many Palestinians who want their houses and their way of life back, exactly.

I tried to approach After the Last Sky with as little expectations and preconceptions as I could, without any particular agenda in mind, and was happy to see that Said, too, seemed to follow no particular agenda in his writing. While he, to be sure, heavily criticizes Israel and the Occupation, Said seems primarily to be interested in illustrating the precarious and oftentimes contradictory nature of what is means to be Palestinian in our contemporary world. The whole book is a collage of writing, photographs and poems, and does a great job in sketching out a human (and somewhat everyday) face for a people that many Westerners only know as refugees and "the Other."

For Palestinian culture, the odd thing is that its own identity is more frequently than not perceived as 'other.' 'Palestine' is so charged with significance for others that Palestinians cannot perceive it as intimately theirs without a simultaneous sense of its urgent importance for others as well. 'Ours' but not yet fully 'ours.'

For I do not think that we Palestinians are best understood, either by strangers or by ourselves, as the mathematial or photographically exact equivalent of what we have experienced. Nor, are we, for non-Palestinians, for Jews and Israelis, simply the Other, some figure of foreignness and alterity that can be represented by a photograph on an identity card. Whatever the claim may be that we make on the world - and certainly on ourselves as people who have become restless in the fixed place to which we have been assigned - in fact our truest reality is expressed in the way we cross over from one place to another. We are migrants and perhaps hybrids in, but not of, any situation in which we find ourselves. This is the deepest continuity of our lived as a nation in exile and constantly on the move.
Profile Image for Nour.
143 reviews25 followers
January 10, 2019
Truly a remarkable reflection on Palestinian life from the inside and outside. Via the lens of Mohr, Said encapsulated the myriad faces of the Palestinian condition, as mughtarib, as manfi, as laje�, as other, and how these various personalities converge into one core understanding, the right of self-determination. His criticism of Arafat, the PLO and international bodies were so relevant then, and are so relevant now as we continue with faulty representation and dramatic sloganism. A must read.
Profile Image for Mariam.
67 reviews10 followers
October 19, 2023
“Their Sumud is real, concrete, solid: They are in Palestine, which is not an idea, as it is for us, but a place�
Profile Image for سپیده سالاروند.
Author1 book136 followers
August 29, 2017
کتاب جستارهایی است در مورد فلسطینی بودن با تمام زیر و بم‌ها� زندگی و تاثیر تبعید و حرمان بر زندگی انسان‌ه�. سعید در مقدمه می‌نویس� «فلسطینی‌ه� به رغم تمامی آنچه درباره‌� آنها نوشته شده‌است� ناشناخته مانده‌ان�.» و تلاش او در این کتاب نوشتن از جزئیات حیات انسانی فلسطینی‌هاس�. اما نوشته صرفا خاطره هایی از زندگی فلسطینی‌ه� نیست، مخلوطی‌س� از نظریه‌پرداز� و تلنگر و ارجاع برای درک این کل و فکر کردن به زخم تاریخ.
اساسا کتاب شکل گرفته که توضیحی باشد از عکس‌ها� ژان مور اما عکس‌ه� واقعا در حاشیه قرار گرفته‌ان� و متن بسیار قوی‌ت� است و گاهی حتا خیلی مربوط نیست به عکس. برای من متن مهم‌ت� است و پس از ستاره‌ها� کتاب کم نمی‌کن�. می‌توان� بارها و بارها کتاب را بخوام و هر دفعه نکته‌� جدیدی بیابم و وصلش کنم به زندگی خودمان. یک جورهایی می‌شو� از کتاب اندیشیدن را یاد گرفت.
Profile Image for David Williams.
23 reviews1 follower
September 28, 2019
Edward Said puts prose to Jean Mohr's photographs of Palestinians creating a moving multimedia statement about how everyday Palestinians wrestle with borders. The physical borders are present in this story but they are not the focus. Said is much more interested in the intellectual and emotional borders of a dispossessed and politically fragmented people without a nation. I quite enjoyed engaging with Said's window into the challenges facing Palestinians in exile. His exceptional prose elicits a genuine humanitarian response in all but the most hardened hearts and self-righteous hypocrites. That is not to say that Said blames Israel for all Palestinian problems - he is far too perceptive to espouse a simplistic half-truth such as that. I find his thoughts in this book (1999) more important now than ever given the global drift to tribalism, the open fear bating of soulless, inarticulate, and under educated politicians, and, worst of all, the simple minded fools who blame their problems on "the other" from the comfort of their own lives and empower a "hero" to make it all better.
Profile Image for Wirawan Sukarwo.
31 reviews5 followers
January 15, 2014
opened by a poem from Mahmoud Darwish, this book is absolutely serious literature for every one who still believe that Palestinians are still exist.

Where could we go after the last frontiers?
Where could the birds fly after the last sky?
...

After the last sky, there is no land ... said Edward. From his sentence, I also understand the lyrics from Serj Tankian; "even though we can`t afford the sky is over".
Profile Image for F.
621 reviews74 followers
Read
March 25, 2019
This is one of those texts that I can't really review. It's was read for class, and now its going to be used for thesis, so it is possible useful and helpful to my research. If you are interested in witnessing history, in autobiography which use images and texts, in the Arab World, or the Palestinian cause, you might also be interested in this book. That is my recommendation.

2019 Popsugar Reading Challenge:
9. A book you meant to read in 2018: After the Last Sky
Profile Image for Wassim.
2 reviews
July 9, 2021
Not enough can be said of how poignant every passing reflection, analysis and description provided in this book is. I’m going to spare myself the labour of quoting one of the many sharp and potent excerpts in this work by recommending that you just read the whole thing immediately. It is a supremely beautiful and invaluable contribution.
Profile Image for Magdalena.
255 reviews10 followers
July 22, 2024
I really love the fact that with every piece of writing, art, music, or film devoted to a certain topic, its universe expands and acquires new dimensions. This book is yet another piece to add to the ever-augmenting trove of knowledge about Palestinian identity. Let me begin with how the idea for this book originated. One of the authors, Edward Said, was a consultant to the UN for its conference on the Question of Palestine, and he thought it would be informative and complementary to have photographs accompany that conference. He suggested Jean Mohr, as he knew his work related to this part of the world. Jean Mohr left on a UN-sponsored trip to the Near East and brought plenty of photographs back. Unfortunately, the exhibition of these photos was severely tampered with. Originally, they were supposed to be hung without any text, but later, the authorities organizing the conference agreed to display place names only. Out of this experience, of not being able to tell the full story related to the photographs, this book was born. Jean Mohr’s photos in the book are accompanied by a very detailed text written by Edward Said. Theirs is a very introspective journey through the history of the region coupled with Said’s personal experiences. The Palestinians portrayed and written about are given agency, space, and attention. It’s such a pity that their voice hasn’t been heard and given a proper stage. Although written forty years ago, the book is prescient and, lamentably, still raises questions that haven’t been solved since then. An eye-opening read.
Profile Image for Rebecca.
11 reviews4 followers
April 7, 2025
But it is only through a recognition of these complexities that we can approach the elusive nature of identity, or integrate public and private realities, or apprehend that extraordinary variety of individuals and activities called Palestinian.


This is an utmost significant account of the Palestinian as a person—as people of sensitivities and sensibilities, of complexities and contradictions; how sure this is yet how tenuously it can be attested to, given histories (there is no singular) so fractured and fragmented, discontinuous except for repeated dispossession, dispersion.

Said himself acknowledges that the text, penetrating as it is without trespassing into the territory of political analysis or poetics, remains unresolved. It offers no real conclusions and organizes itself around neither particular arguments nor sentimental meditations, in a manner quite reflective of the current reality. Despite the decades between now and its original publication in 1986, it remains incontrovertible (further evidenced, in fact): an “almost total official American opposition to [Palestine] as a people, as a society, as a cause� must be reckoned with.

The collection of portraits reflect one of the most seminal histories without ever conflating the two, or resorting to mere interpretation: identifying a past in depictions of “now� without registering the present as a straightforward, empirical correspondence with “then,� which remains largely inaccessible. Even less hazarding suggestion of a not-yet “someday�.

An extraordinary, essential read.
Profile Image for Joy.
22 reviews1 follower
January 19, 2025
I can tell how close this book must have been to Said’s heart and mind in the way its fragmented style and collage-like form imitates Palestinian reality. Commenting in Mohr’s photography with personal narrative detail and social-political economy, Said navigates Palestinian place and time from a distance, in exile. He narrates its statehood, interiors, emergence, past and future in a scattered manner that insists on being forward and outward looking.

My favorite moment in the book is Said’s emphasis on Palestinians looking back, not only being subject of photos and stories but to become the spectators themselves both from the land and ghurba/manfa. He theorizes concepts like sumud when it comes to the local Palestinian quotidian and focuses on a new (universal) consciousness as a mode of resistance.

Highly recommended and unlike the other Said’s I’ve read before!
Profile Image for Conna.
9 reviews1 follower
October 4, 2019
A highly informative read. Not only does it offer an account of the historical events that led up to the current situation in Palestine, but it also portrays how people's lives have been affected and how they view Israel and the West. In doing so, Said makes sure to debunk some widely believed myths regarding the conflict itself, religion, and the East in general. The photos add a new dimension to the book and together with the real-life conversations that are documented bring the reader closer to the reality of the Palestinians. A book of both historical and literary value. Generally recommended.
10 reviews
April 16, 2025
Fascinating book in which Said writes essays on Palestinian experiences of exile, both in diaspora and within Palestine itself, to pictures taken by the Swiss photographer Jean Mohr in Palestine and Palestinian refugee camps in the region. Really beautiful book.
Profile Image for Walaa Abu Hejleh.
21 reviews
June 26, 2021
This book is very well written and very rich in literature and moving visuals! Seminal and meticulous work!
Profile Image for ܳī.
21 reviews15 followers
June 29, 2021
an amazing combination of Saïd’s personal Palestinian reflections and Mohr’s photography, i was moved to tears.
Profile Image for Ash Mayes.
34 reviews
January 21, 2024
Said, as always, does a beautiful job of describing the realities and complexities of Palestinian life and identities alongside photographs by Swiss photographer, Jean Mohr.
Profile Image for Joanie.
575 reviews8 followers
March 1, 2017
One of my former students, Ajit Chittambalam, sent me this book during the past year after he heard that I had visited Israel and the occupied West Bank. The book was a tough read for me because the author's style of writing was disjointed, and he seemed to ramble at times. That said, in terms of content, the sentiments he expressed (especially the notion that Palestinians are a nation without a land) were profound. The pictures by Jean Mohr were compelling, and the history lessons and sociology background, at least for me, were helpful. In spite of the writing style, I liked the book.
Profile Image for Sunny.
96 reviews6 followers
December 18, 2021
3.5 stars

It’s a rather easy read (without too many theories etc) with a good amount of first hand and second hand stories coupled with well-taken images.

I was amazed by how Said didn’t just blame Israel, the US and other countries for what’s happened to Palestine. As Palestinian himself, he very much insisted that Palestinians were also responsible for the ‘nakba� which partially resulted from their inability and unwillingness to speak for themselves and organise a well-thought-out plan to fight back.

Go for this book if you’re looking to gain a better understanding of Palestinian history or simply have a peek at Palestinians� day-to-day lives as well as how they’ve managed to survive under persecution.
111 reviews101 followers
July 26, 2007
دکتر ادوارد سعید در فلسطین متولد شد اما در دوازده سالگی فلسطین را برای همیشه ترک کرد.چند سالی در خورمیانه بود و بعد برای ادامه تحصیل به ایالات متحده رفت.او یکی از معدود انسان هایی است که هیچ چیز جز تعهد را به رسمیت نمی شناسد."فراتر از واپسین آسمان"که راجع به فلسطین است هم تحلیلی سیاسی است و هم با عواطف سعید درگیر است اما نه شعارگونه است و نه هیجانی کردن خواننده را هدف قرار داده است یعنی با اینکه هر سطر این کتاب،سیاسی است اما در آن نه از مظلوم نمایی های دلتنگ کننده خبری هست و نه از شعارهای پر سر و صدا. عکس های ژان مور هم نوشته های ادوارد سعید را همراهی میکند.
Profile Image for Samah.
29 reviews4 followers
May 31, 2014
it is very interesting to represent palestinian gaze and space
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