What do you think?
Rate this book
螒蟺慰位慰纬委伪 危蠅魏蟻维蟿慰蠀蟼
螚 未委魏畏 蟿慰蠀 渭蔚纬维位慰蠀 蠁喂位慰蟽蠈蠁慰蠀 魏伪喂 畏 伪蟺慰位慰纬委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 未喂魏伪蟽蟿萎蟻喂慰, 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 蠁蟿维谓蔚喂 蟽蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏 蟽蠀谓苇蟺蔚喂伪 位蠈纬蠅谓 魏伪喂 蟺蟻维尉蔚蠅谓. 螚 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻委伪 蔚喂蟼 尾维蟻慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 畏 伪谓蟿喂渭蔚蟿蠋蟺喂蟽萎 蟿畏蟼.
螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 纬蔚谓谓萎胃畏魏蔚 蟿慰 427 蟺.围., 纬蠈谓慰蟼 蔚蟺喂蠁伪谓慰蠉蟼 螒胃畏谓伪蠆魏萎蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螆位伪尾蔚 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪委伪 蟺伪喂未蔚委伪 魏伪喂 纬谓蠋蟻喂蟽蔚 蟿伪 螘位位畏谓喂魏维 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏维 蟻蔚蠉渭伪蟿伪. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽蔚 魏伪胃慰蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏维 蟿畏谓 畏胃喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺蠈蟽蟿伪蟽畏 萎蟿伪谓 慰 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏蟼, 渭蔚 蟿畏 味蠅萎, 蟿畏 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 胃维谓伪蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀. 螣 渭蔚纬维位慰蟼 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼 萎蟿伪谓 伪喂蟿委伪 谓伪 蟽蟿蟻伪蠁蔚委 慰 谓蔚伪蟻蠈蟼 螤位维蟿蝇谓 蟽蟿畏 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪, 魏伪喂 畏 危蠅魏蟻伪蟿喂魏萎 蔚谓谓慰喂慰位慰纬委伪 伪蟺慰蟿苇位蔚蟽蔚 尾维蟽畏 纬喂伪 蟿畏 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬委伪 蟿畏蟼 魏伪蟿慰蟺喂谓萎蟼 螤位伪蟿蠅谓喂魏萎蟼 胃蔚蠅蟻委伪蟼 蟿蠅谓 螜未蔚蠋谓. 螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 蔚蟻渭萎谓蔚蠀蟽蔚 尾伪胃蠉蟿伪蟿伪 蟿慰谓 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏 蠅蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 魏伪喂 未喂未维蟽魏伪位慰, 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰蟿蠉蟺蠅蟽蔚 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿维 蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 蟺慰位位维 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀. 韦伪尉委未蔚蠄蔚 蟽蟿畏谓 螒委纬蠀蟺蟿慰, 蟿畏谓 螝蠀蟻萎谓畏 魏伪喂 蟿畏 螠蔚纬维位畏 螘位位维未伪, 蠈蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺维胃畏蟽蔚, 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蔚蟺喂蟿蠀蠂委伪 谓伪 蔚蠁伪蟻渭蠈蟽蔚喂 蟿喂蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪蟻蠂苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 慰蟻纬维谓蠅蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 螘位位畏谓喂魏蠋谓 蟺蠈位蔚蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 危喂魏蔚位委伪蟼. 韦慰 387 蟺.围. 委未蟻蠀蟽蔚 蟽蟿畏谓 螒胃萎谓伪 蟿畏谓 螒魏伪未畏渭委伪, 蟺蔚蟻委蠁畏渭慰 魏苇谓蟿蟻慰 蟿畏蟼 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 螠慰蠀蟽蠋谓, 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪蟿畏蟻萎胃畏魏蔚 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 未苇魏伪 伪喂蠋谓蔚蟼, 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿慰蠀蟼 蠂蟻蠈谓慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀 螜慰蠀蟽蟿喂谓喂伪谓慰蠉. 螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 伪蠁慰蟽喂蠋胃畏魏蔚 蠅蟼 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 (348 蟺.围) 蟽蟿畏 未喂未伪蟽魏伪位委伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁萎. 韦伪 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀, 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠋味慰谓蟿伪喂 蠈位伪, 蟿伪尉喂谓蠈渭畏蟽蔚 慰 螛蟻维蟽蠀位位慰蟼 蟽蔚 蔚谓谓苇伪 蟿蔚蟿蟻伪位慰纬委蔚蟼. 螌位伪 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 伪谓萎魏慰蠀谓 蟽蟿慰 蔚委未慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 未喂伪位蠈纬慰蠀, 渭蔚 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 慰 螤位维蟿蝇谓 伪谓伪未蔚委蠂蟿畏魏蔚, 蔚魏蟿蠈蟼 伪蟺蠈 魏慰蟻蠀蠁伪委慰蟼 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼, 伪位畏胃喂谓蠈蟼 蟺慰喂畏蟿萎蟼. 螚 未喂未伪蟽魏伪位委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟺畏纬维味蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 未蠈纬渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 螘位位畏谓喂魏萎蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼, 蟿慰谓 螣蟻蠁喂蟽渭蠈, 蟿畏谓 螤蠀胃伪纬蠈蟻蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 螜蠅谓喂魏萎 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 魏伪喂 尾苇尾伪喂伪 蟿慰谓 危蠅魏蟻伪蟿喂魏蠈 位蠈纬慰, 魏伪喂 未喂伪渭慰蟻蠁蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟿蔚位喂魏维, 蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏萎 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬委伪 蟿慰蠀 螤位维蟿蝇谓慰蟼, 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 魏慰位慰蟽蟽喂伪委慰 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏蠈 蟽蠉蟽蟿畏渭伪. 螚 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 - 畏胃喂魏萎, 慰谓蟿慰位慰纬喂魏萎, 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎 - 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 胃蔚渭苇位喂慰 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂慰蠀 螜未蔚伪位喂蟽渭慰蠉 魏伪喂 蔚蟺畏蟻苇伪蟽蔚 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻慰 委蟽蠅蟼 伪蟺' 慰蟺慰喂慰谓未萎蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 蟿畏 蟽魏苇蠄畏 蠈位蠅谓 蟿蠅谓 蔚蟺慰蠂蠋谓.
螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 纬蔚谓谓萎胃畏魏蔚 蟿慰 427 蟺.围., 纬蠈谓慰蟼 蔚蟺喂蠁伪谓慰蠉蟼 螒胃畏谓伪蠆魏萎蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螆位伪尾蔚 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪委伪 蟺伪喂未蔚委伪 魏伪喂 纬谓蠋蟻喂蟽蔚 蟿伪 螘位位畏谓喂魏维 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏维 蟻蔚蠉渭伪蟿伪. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽蔚 魏伪胃慰蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏维 蟿畏谓 畏胃喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺蠈蟽蟿伪蟽畏 萎蟿伪谓 慰 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏蟼, 渭蔚 蟿畏 味蠅萎, 蟿畏 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 胃维谓伪蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀. 螣 渭蔚纬维位慰蟼 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼 萎蟿伪谓 伪喂蟿委伪 谓伪 蟽蟿蟻伪蠁蔚委 慰 谓蔚伪蟻蠈蟼 螤位维蟿蝇谓 蟽蟿畏 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪, 魏伪喂 畏 危蠅魏蟻伪蟿喂魏萎 蔚谓谓慰喂慰位慰纬委伪 伪蟺慰蟿苇位蔚蟽蔚 尾维蟽畏 纬喂伪 蟿畏 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬委伪 蟿畏蟼 魏伪蟿慰蟺喂谓萎蟼 螤位伪蟿蠅谓喂魏萎蟼 胃蔚蠅蟻委伪蟼 蟿蠅谓 螜未蔚蠋谓. 螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 蔚蟻渭萎谓蔚蠀蟽蔚 尾伪胃蠉蟿伪蟿伪 蟿慰谓 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏 蠅蟼 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 魏伪喂 未喂未维蟽魏伪位慰, 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰蟿蠉蟺蠅蟽蔚 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿维 蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 蟺慰位位维 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀. 韦伪尉委未蔚蠄蔚 蟽蟿畏谓 螒委纬蠀蟺蟿慰, 蟿畏谓 螝蠀蟻萎谓畏 魏伪喂 蟿畏 螠蔚纬维位畏 螘位位维未伪, 蠈蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰蟽蟺维胃畏蟽蔚, 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蔚蟺喂蟿蠀蠂委伪 谓伪 蔚蠁伪蟻渭蠈蟽蔚喂 蟿喂蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪蟻蠂苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 慰蟻纬维谓蠅蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 螘位位畏谓喂魏蠋谓 蟺蠈位蔚蠅谓 蟿畏蟼 危喂魏蔚位委伪蟼. 韦慰 387 蟺.围. 委未蟻蠀蟽蔚 蟽蟿畏谓 螒胃萎谓伪 蟿畏谓 螒魏伪未畏渭委伪, 蟺蔚蟻委蠁畏渭慰 魏苇谓蟿蟻慰 蟿畏蟼 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 螠慰蠀蟽蠋谓, 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪蟿畏蟻萎胃畏魏蔚 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 未苇魏伪 伪喂蠋谓蔚蟼, 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿慰蠀蟼 蠂蟻蠈谓慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀 螜慰蠀蟽蟿喂谓喂伪谓慰蠉. 螣 螤位维蟿蝇谓 伪蠁慰蟽喂蠋胃畏魏蔚 蠅蟼 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿蠈 蟿慰蠀 (348 蟺.围) 蟽蟿畏 未喂未伪蟽魏伪位委伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁萎. 韦伪 苇蟻纬伪 蟿慰蠀, 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠋味慰谓蟿伪喂 蠈位伪, 蟿伪尉喂谓蠈渭畏蟽蔚 慰 螛蟻维蟽蠀位位慰蟼 蟽蔚 蔚谓谓苇伪 蟿蔚蟿蟻伪位慰纬委蔚蟼. 螌位伪 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 伪谓萎魏慰蠀谓 蟽蟿慰 蔚委未慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 未喂伪位蠈纬慰蠀, 渭蔚 蟿慰 慰蟺慰委慰 慰 螤位维蟿蝇谓 伪谓伪未蔚委蠂蟿畏魏蔚, 蔚魏蟿蠈蟼 伪蟺蠈 魏慰蟻蠀蠁伪委慰蟼 蠁喂位蠈蟽慰蠁慰蟼, 伪位畏胃喂谓蠈蟼 蟺慰喂畏蟿萎蟼. 螚 未喂未伪蟽魏伪位委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟺畏纬维味蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 未蠈纬渭伪蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 螘位位畏谓喂魏萎蟼 蟽魏苇蠄畏蟼, 蟿慰谓 螣蟻蠁喂蟽渭蠈, 蟿畏谓 螤蠀胃伪纬蠈蟻蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 螜蠅谓喂魏萎 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 魏伪喂 尾苇尾伪喂伪 蟿慰谓 危蠅魏蟻伪蟿喂魏蠈 位蠈纬慰, 魏伪喂 未喂伪渭慰蟻蠁蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟿蔚位喂魏维, 蠅蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏萎 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬委伪 蟿慰蠀 螤位维蟿蝇谓慰蟼, 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 魏慰位慰蟽蟽喂伪委慰 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁喂魏蠈 蟽蠉蟽蟿畏渭伪. 螚 蠁喂位慰蟽慰蠁委伪 蟿慰蠀 - 畏胃喂魏萎, 慰谓蟿慰位慰纬喂魏萎, 蟺慰位喂蟿喂魏萎 - 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 胃蔚渭苇位喂慰 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂慰蠀 螜未蔚伪位喂蟽渭慰蠉 魏伪喂 蔚蟺畏蟻苇伪蟽蔚 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻慰 委蟽蠅蟼 伪蟺' 慰蟺慰喂慰谓未萎蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 蟿畏 蟽魏苇蠄畏 蠈位蠅谓 蟿蠅谓 蔚蟺慰蠂蠋谓.
123 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 400
2,575 people are currently reading
63.8k people want to read
About the author
Plato
4,675听books8,172听followersPlato (Greek: 螤位维蟿蝇谓), born Aristocles (c.鈥�427 鈥� 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.
Plato's most famous contribution is the theory of forms (or ideas), which has been interpreted as advancing a solution to what is now known as the problem of universals. He was decisively influenced by the pre-Socratic thinkers Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Parmenides, although much of what is known about them is derived from Plato himself.
Along with his teacher Socrates, and Aristotle, his student, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy. Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years鈥攗nlike that of nearly all of his contemporaries. Although their popularity has fluctuated, they have consistently been read and studied through the ages. Through Neoplatonism, he also greatly influenced both Christian and Islamic philosophy. In modern times, Alfred North Whitehead famously said: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."
Plato's most famous contribution is the theory of forms (or ideas), which has been interpreted as advancing a solution to what is now known as the problem of universals. He was decisively influenced by the pre-Socratic thinkers Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Parmenides, although much of what is known about them is derived from Plato himself.
Along with his teacher Socrates, and Aristotle, his student, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy. Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years鈥攗nlike that of nearly all of his contemporaries. Although their popularity has fluctuated, they have consistently been read and studied through the ages. Through Neoplatonism, he also greatly influenced both Christian and Islamic philosophy. In modern times, Alfred North Whitehead famously said: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 30 of 2,976 reviews
March 14, 2021
[Original review, Jan 11 2015]
Apology of Charlie Hebdo
To the Americans, who rule the world by brute military and economic force, while claiming they're doing it for our own good: fuck off.
To the Russians, who pretend they're not just the same as the Americans, except militarily weaker and less honest: fuck off.
To the Israelis, who take advantage of their American backers to enslave and torture the Palestinians: fuck off.
To the Muslims, who react to the exploitation and torture inflicted on them by doing the same thing to their women: fuck off.
To the Germans, who want us to believe that none of them had anything to do with the Third Reich: fuck off.
To the French, who were all too happy to collaborate with the Nazis when the opportunity presented itself: fuck off.
To the Catholic Church, who says it spreads peace and understanding while actually supporting intolerance and oppression: fuck off.
To the right-wing people who don't read us and say we're a bunch of puerile amateurs: fuck off.
To the left-wing people who read us and think that posting our cartoons on Facebook is a substitute for action: fuck off.
To anybody we've omitted from the above list: fuck off.
We understand that you'd like to kill us. We do our best to be a royal pain in the ass to everyone. We are stupid, vulgar and disrespectful. But when you do kill us, as we know you will, you will regret it. It's not often you find people who are quite as thoroughgoing a pain in the ass as we are.
Now we must part, we to die and you to live. We'll leave you to think about who's got the better deal.
___________________________________
[Update, Sep 17 2015]
To the people who've never read us and don't even know French, but still think they understand what our cartoons are about better than we do: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Nov 8 2015]
To the officials at the Kremlin who called us "blasphemous" because we were targeting Russians as well as Muslims: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Sep 4 2017]
To the Americans who don't understand that our cover this week might possibly be ironic: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Mar 14 2021]
To the sensitive entitled snowflakes of the Royal Family who think it's not enough to get tens of millions of pounds a year from the British taxpayer for basically doing nothing, they want their respect too: fuck off.
Apology of Charlie Hebdo
To the Americans, who rule the world by brute military and economic force, while claiming they're doing it for our own good: fuck off.
To the Russians, who pretend they're not just the same as the Americans, except militarily weaker and less honest: fuck off.
To the Israelis, who take advantage of their American backers to enslave and torture the Palestinians: fuck off.
To the Muslims, who react to the exploitation and torture inflicted on them by doing the same thing to their women: fuck off.
To the Germans, who want us to believe that none of them had anything to do with the Third Reich: fuck off.
To the French, who were all too happy to collaborate with the Nazis when the opportunity presented itself: fuck off.
To the Catholic Church, who says it spreads peace and understanding while actually supporting intolerance and oppression: fuck off.
To the right-wing people who don't read us and say we're a bunch of puerile amateurs: fuck off.
To the left-wing people who read us and think that posting our cartoons on Facebook is a substitute for action: fuck off.
To anybody we've omitted from the above list: fuck off.
We understand that you'd like to kill us. We do our best to be a royal pain in the ass to everyone. We are stupid, vulgar and disrespectful. But when you do kill us, as we know you will, you will regret it. It's not often you find people who are quite as thoroughgoing a pain in the ass as we are.
Now we must part, we to die and you to live. We'll leave you to think about who's got the better deal.
___________________________________
[Update, Sep 17 2015]
To the people who've never read us and don't even know French, but still think they understand what our cartoons are about better than we do: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Nov 8 2015]
To the officials at the Kremlin who called us "blasphemous" because we were targeting Russians as well as Muslims: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Sep 4 2017]
To the Americans who don't understand that our cover this week might possibly be ironic: fuck off.
___________________________________
[Update, Mar 14 2021]
To the sensitive entitled snowflakes of the Royal Family who think it's not enough to get tens of millions of pounds a year from the British taxpayer for basically doing nothing, they want their respect too: fuck off.
January 9, 2024
Socrates' trial is reminiscent of other historical and literary practices. The Apology of Socrates, that of Plato (there is another one), is a strong and philosophical text. Easy to read, with a style specific to Plato (a marvelous playwright), it remains a text of access to the thoughts of "Socrates" and philosophy itself.
April 11, 2014
Double Jeopardy
鈥淏e sure that if you kill the sort of man I say I am, you will not harm me more than yourselves.鈥�
***
鈥淥n the other hand, if I say that it is the greatest good for a man to discuss virtue every day, testing themselves and others 鈥� for the unexamined life is not worth living for men, you will believe me even less.鈥�
Socrates, of The Apology is an eloquent figure who is an unrivaled guide to the good life 鈥� the thoughtful life, and he is as relevant today as he was in ancient Athens. The Socrates presented here, cruder and perhaps more self-absorbed than in the other dialogues could still be an important key to the entire Platonic corpus, tying together many of the disparate themes and apparently contradictory conclusions of the other dialogues.
The Apology is a bold and determined argument in favor of Socrates and of the life he represents; it is also a straight conviction of the 鈥榙emocracy鈥� that convicted him, convicting themselves in the process. In addition to being a celebration of Socrates, the Apology serves as a crucial introduction to Plato鈥檚 own thinking. What it represents above all is philosophy as Socrates (or Plato, if we want to be fastidious about it), understood and wished to promote it. The Apology is the introductory course.
The traditional English title, 鈥楾he Apology鈥� does little justice to the content of this dialogue. The Greek 鈥�补辫辞濒辞驳颈补鈥� means 鈥榙efense鈥� and not the modern 鈥榓pology鈥� as translations render it, and that is what Plato undertakes here - to defend Socrates as well as he can against the charges that were leveled against him, the charges for which was eventually convicted. But the work is not only, or even primarily, a defense against the specific charges on which Socrates stood trial. By setting those charges in the wider context of morality and the meaning of life, Plato in this 鈥淎pology鈥� provides a rationale for the whole Socratic way of life, and thus of a defense of philosophy itself.
The Apologia of Socrates
The Apologia comprises two main components (one minor speech, on the death penalty, is omitted from discussion in this review):
1. Socrates鈥� main defense (17a-35d)
2. Socrates鈥� address to the jury, after being sentenced to death (38c-42a)
鈥� In effect, The Plea & The Final Statement.
Socrates starts off logically, breaking up his accusers into the proximate and the ultimate accusers: the ones who have brought the charge against him being the 鈥榥ew鈥� ones and the ones like Aristophanes who have slandered him for years now being the 鈥榦ld鈥� ones. He makes and important point here about the absurdity of being given only such a limited amount of time to defend against charges that were propagated and insinuated into the jury鈥檚 beliefs over so many years. This calls to mind the trial-by-media that is so popular today and the issue of how much the judges of today can stay apart from pre-conviction by automatic-infusion of prejudice in popular cases.
Socrates carries on this vein and presents his arguments as an imaginary dialogue between him and his chief accuser (Meletus), ridiculing him and showing up the anti-logic of the accusations. Here, Socrates makes Meletus seem almost like a straw man, against whom victory is won too easily to be convincing - and this is often taken as a fault in Plato鈥檚 writing itself. But we need to look a bit more closely at Plato's strategy. The 鈥榩rimary鈥� charges of atheism and religious innovation are answered superficially because they were themselves superficial, a mere front to conceal the true motives of the prosecution. Socrates refers directly to this in the important opening section of his speech, where he replies to his 'earlier accusers'. It is these earlier accusers, who were exposed by his rational method to be following a morally subversive lifestyle that wants to get rid of him. The proximate Meletus is a mere cover to this ultimate reason for the trial. Socrates shows this cowardly subterfuge well-deserved contempt.
But we soon realize that he moves on from this refutal of charges, which he obviously considers to be frivolous and not worth wasting the time of the Athenian public on (In democratic Athens, juries were randomly selected representatives of the whole people. Hence, as Socrates makes clear, he is addressing the democratic people of Athens). He instead utilizes the bulk of his speech to concentrate on explaining what he does, why he does it and how in fact it benefits the city as a whole. Staying true to his life鈥檚 mission to the last breath.
Hence, this dialogue starts first, of course, as a defense, then it turns into a description of the philosophical life, as embodied by Socrates. This description then evolves into, and becomes indistinguishable from, an exhortation to everyone 鈥� whether jurors, the people of Athens or modern readers 鈥� to live philosophically. And finally it serves as a primer on Plato鈥檚 own philosophy and writing - as the later dialogues mimic the ideas, methods and themes 鈥楽ocrates鈥� lays out in this account of his life and goals.
The Death of Socrates
In death, Socrates gives us another important clue towards understanding Platonic thought. Plato speaks at length in The Republic about how men鈥檚 conception of death has to be altered for them to be able to live courageously. As long as they fear death, they will not be able to live with courage. Here, in death, Socrates compares himself to the fear-less hero Achilles, who embraced death in spite of a direct prophesy that foretold death as the outcome of his victory. This is a very important comparison and worth dissecting a bit:
Why does Achilles not fear death? Ordinary people can only perceive this as a heroic abnegation of life for some higher principle. This makes that sort of courage unattainable to most. As long as you care for earthly possessions and expect death to be bad, you will never have the courage to do the right things even in the face of death. Crucially, Socrates points out that both these assumptions are baseless. He asks us how we know that death is bad and that life鈥檚 possessions are good. Instead he seems to be saying that our fear of death and lack of courage arises from a fear of what will happen after death. This though directly connects to the Republic where Socrates wants his city鈥檚 mythologies to be modified so that a pleasant life awaits us after death, hence the people of the Republic can be courageous without having to call on Achilles-like heroism, or on Socrates-like Temperance.
Hence, in The Apology Socrates asks the best of us - to choose between Heroism and Renunciation - an impossible ask; but a more mature Plato in The Republic tells us that he will take away the source of our fear, that is the only way he can expect men to be courageous.
Double Jeopardy
True to the last to his philosophical calling, Socrates addresses his plea and his last statement not to the Jury alone but to the entire Athenian public, and even, we can say, to the entire human race. He required of us that we think, honestly and dispassionately, and decide the truth of these charges by reasoning from the facts as they were.
This was Socrates鈥� final challenge: to care more for our minds, our power of reason, than for our luxury and comfort, undisturbed by the likes of 鈥淕adflies鈥� like him, disturbing our slumbers. We can see then that The Trial and Death of Socrates is in fact The Trail and Death of Reasoned Opinions that challenge the established order of comfort and luxury, and has been reenacted many many times since then and to our day.
In an ironic case of double jeopardy, Socrates is still on trial for the same offense. Seen in this light, as Plato wants us to see it, the failure is ours, as much as the ancient Athenians.
鈥淪o I am certainly not angry with those who convicted me, or with my accusers.
This much is all I ask of my accusers: when my sons grow up, avenge yourselves by causing them the same kind of grief that I caused you, if you think they care for money or anything else more than they care for virtue, or if they think they are somebody when they are nobody.
Reproach them as I reproach you, that they do not care for the right things and think they are worthy when they are not worthy of anything. If you do this, I shall have been justly treated by you, and my sons also.
Now the hour to part has come. I go to die, you go to live. Which of us goes to the better lot is known to no one.鈥�
August 14, 2022
Plat贸n nos desglosa en este texto el juicio oral al que fue sometido S贸crates, acusado de corromper a la juventud y de adorar a otros dioses.
B谩sicamente, es un mon贸logo argumentativo en el que S贸crates plantea su defensa ante sus acusadores y los jueces.
-------------------------
In this text Plato describes the oral trial to which Socrates was subjected, accused of corrupting the youth and worshipping other gods.
Basically, it is an argumentative monologue in which Socrates presents his defence to his accusers and the judges.
B谩sicamente, es un mon贸logo argumentativo en el que S贸crates plantea su defensa ante sus acusadores y los jueces.
-------------------------
In this text Plato describes the oral trial to which Socrates was subjected, accused of corrupting the youth and worshipping other gods.
Basically, it is an argumentative monologue in which Socrates presents his defence to his accusers and the judges.
November 27, 2016
螛伪谓维蟿蠅蟽伪谓 蟿慰谓 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏.
螛伪谓维蟿蠅蟽伪谓 蟿慰 伪蟻蠂伪委慰 蔚位位畏谓喂魏蠈 蟺谓蔚蠉渭伪.
芦螕喂伪蟿委 蟿慰 谓伪 蠁慰尾维蟿伪喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰, 蠅 维谓未蟻蔚蟼 螒胃畏谓伪委慰喂, 未蔚谓 蟽畏渭伪委谓蔚喂 蟿委蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 萎 蟿慰 蠈蟿喂 谓慰渭委味蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟽慰蠁蠈蟼 蔚谓蠋 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂. 危畏渭伪委谓蔚喂 未畏位伪未萎 蟺蠅蟼 谓慰渭委味蔚喂 蠈蟿喂 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂. 螕喂伪蟿委 蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 胃维谓伪蟿慰蟼, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 尾苇尾伪喂伪 未蔚谓 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂, 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭苇纬喂蟽蟿慰 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 魏伪位维 蟽蟿慰谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰, 蟿慰锟斤拷 蠁慰尾慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽伪 谓伪 尉蔚蠉蟻慰蠀谓 魏伪位维 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭苇纬喂蟽蟿慰 蟿蠅谓 魏伪魏蠋谓禄.
芦螠萎蟺蠅蟼 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈 未蠉蟽魏慰位慰, 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 谓伪 伪蟺慰蠁蠉纬蔚喂, 伪位位维 蟺慰位蠉 未蠀蟽魏慰位蠈蟿蔚蟻慰 蟿畏谓 魏伪魏委伪. 螕喂伪蟿委 伪蠀蟿萎 纬蟻畏纬慰蟻蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 蟿蟻苇蠂蔚喂禄.
芦螒位位维 蠋蟻伪 蔚委谓伪喂 尾苇尾伪喂伪 谓伪 蟺畏纬伪委谓慰蠀渭蔚 蟺位苇慰谓, 蔚纬蠋 渭蔚谓 纬喂伪 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰, 蔚蟽蔚委蟼 未蔚 纬喂伪 蟿畏 味蠅萎. 螤慰喂慰喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽蟿慰 魏伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 蟺畏纬伪委谓慰蠀渭蔚 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 未蠀慰 渭伪蟼, 维未畏位慰 蟽蔚 蠈位慰蠀蟼. 韦慰 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂 渭蠈谓慰谓 慰 胃蔚蠈蟼禄.
螛伪谓维蟿蠅蟽伪谓 蟿慰 伪蟻蠂伪委慰 蔚位位畏谓喂魏蠈 蟺谓蔚蠉渭伪.
芦螕喂伪蟿委 蟿慰 谓伪 蠁慰尾维蟿伪喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰, 蠅 维谓未蟻蔚蟼 螒胃畏谓伪委慰喂, 未蔚谓 蟽畏渭伪委谓蔚喂 蟿委蟺慰蟿蔚 维位位慰 萎 蟿慰 蠈蟿喂 谓慰渭委味蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟽慰蠁蠈蟼 蔚谓蠋 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂. 危畏渭伪委谓蔚喂 未畏位伪未萎 蟺蠅蟼 谓慰渭委味蔚喂 蠈蟿喂 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂. 螕喂伪蟿委 蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 胃维谓伪蟿慰蟼, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 尾苇尾伪喂伪 未蔚谓 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂, 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭苇纬喂蟽蟿慰 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 魏伪位维 蟽蟿慰谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰, 蟿慰锟斤拷 蠁慰尾慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽伪 谓伪 尉蔚蠉蟻慰蠀谓 魏伪位维 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭苇纬喂蟽蟿慰 蟿蠅谓 魏伪魏蠋谓禄.
芦螠萎蟺蠅蟼 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蠀蟿蠈 未蠉蟽魏慰位慰, 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 谓伪 伪蟺慰蠁蠉纬蔚喂, 伪位位维 蟺慰位蠉 未蠀蟽魏慰位蠈蟿蔚蟻慰 蟿畏谓 魏伪魏委伪. 螕喂伪蟿委 伪蠀蟿萎 纬蟻畏纬慰蟻蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 蟿蟻苇蠂蔚喂禄.
芦螒位位维 蠋蟻伪 蔚委谓伪喂 尾苇尾伪喂伪 谓伪 蟺畏纬伪委谓慰蠀渭蔚 蟺位苇慰谓, 蔚纬蠋 渭蔚谓 纬喂伪 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰, 蔚蟽蔚委蟼 未蔚 纬喂伪 蟿畏 味蠅萎. 螤慰喂慰喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟽蟿慰 魏伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 蟺畏纬伪委谓慰蠀渭蔚 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 未蠀慰 渭伪蟼, 维未畏位慰 蟽蔚 蠈位慰蠀蟼. 韦慰 尉蔚蠉蟻蔚喂 渭蠈谓慰谓 慰 胃蔚蠈蟼禄.
June 7, 2016
鈥淪ocrates is guilty of busying himself with research into what鈥檚 beneath the earth and in the heaven and making the weaker argument the stronger and teaching the same things to others鈥�
So Socrates is guilty of expanding his mind and teaching his discoveries to his students. Such a terrible man isn鈥檛 he, to try to learn more about the world and the existence of mankind? Is this cause of execution, free thinking and questioning the doctrines fed to us? Plato himself was next to be accused; thus, he delivers this speech, this argument, just to show how corrupt society is.
He starts by explaining just how he is going to deliver it. He has been accused of persuading people with his fancy words and his glib rhetoric, so he endeavours to change his approach. His accusers say that people aren鈥檛 following the content of his speech, but have become enamoured by the magnificence of his oration. Therefore, Plato is going to make this very basic. He is going to present a simple argument in very simple words just to prove that this surface level slander is false. He鈥檚 not going to persuade his audience, but give them the most basic of facts: they can make their own mind up. He鈥檚 not going to patronise his audience.
And thus follows his defence of his teacher, and a channelling of his master鈥檚 mind. Socrates was dangerous to the Greek state. Free thinking is wonderful, but if it questions the ruling body, and the tools they use to rule, then it鈥檚 dangerous. Indeed, his atheism, or supposed atheism, was considered a risky business, one that could easily spread. But, the real problem as his individuality and the power his following commanded. He opened the minds of his students, allowed them to think and philosophise, and he died for it. And he, being the embedment of civil obedience, approached his fate with courage. He didn鈥檛 run from Athens like many would have. To his mind, he was innocent. So why flee?
This was an interesting read. I find myself drawn to woks of ancient Greece lately. I have a stack of Tragedy sat on my book shelf (Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus). But this was a little dry in places. It lacked the passion that Plato deliberately avoided, and as a result some of it was a trifle mundane to read. I still want to read Republic though.
Penguin Little Black Classic- 52
The Little Black Classic Collection by penguin looks like it contains lots of hidden gems. I couldn鈥檛 help it; they looked so good that I went and bought them all. I shall post a short review after reading each one. No doubt it will take me several months to get through all of them! Hopefully I will find some classic authors, from across the ages, which I may not have come across had I not bought this collection.
So Socrates is guilty of expanding his mind and teaching his discoveries to his students. Such a terrible man isn鈥檛 he, to try to learn more about the world and the existence of mankind? Is this cause of execution, free thinking and questioning the doctrines fed to us? Plato himself was next to be accused; thus, he delivers this speech, this argument, just to show how corrupt society is.
He starts by explaining just how he is going to deliver it. He has been accused of persuading people with his fancy words and his glib rhetoric, so he endeavours to change his approach. His accusers say that people aren鈥檛 following the content of his speech, but have become enamoured by the magnificence of his oration. Therefore, Plato is going to make this very basic. He is going to present a simple argument in very simple words just to prove that this surface level slander is false. He鈥檚 not going to persuade his audience, but give them the most basic of facts: they can make their own mind up. He鈥檚 not going to patronise his audience.
And thus follows his defence of his teacher, and a channelling of his master鈥檚 mind. Socrates was dangerous to the Greek state. Free thinking is wonderful, but if it questions the ruling body, and the tools they use to rule, then it鈥檚 dangerous. Indeed, his atheism, or supposed atheism, was considered a risky business, one that could easily spread. But, the real problem as his individuality and the power his following commanded. He opened the minds of his students, allowed them to think and philosophise, and he died for it. And he, being the embedment of civil obedience, approached his fate with courage. He didn鈥檛 run from Athens like many would have. To his mind, he was innocent. So why flee?
This was an interesting read. I find myself drawn to woks of ancient Greece lately. I have a stack of Tragedy sat on my book shelf (Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus). But this was a little dry in places. It lacked the passion that Plato deliberately avoided, and as a result some of it was a trifle mundane to read. I still want to read Republic though.
Penguin Little Black Classic- 52
The Little Black Classic Collection by penguin looks like it contains lots of hidden gems. I couldn鈥檛 help it; they looked so good that I went and bought them all. I shall post a short review after reading each one. No doubt it will take me several months to get through all of them! Hopefully I will find some classic authors, from across the ages, which I may not have come across had I not bought this collection.
March 20, 2018
This is perhaps the most iconic of Plato鈥檚 works, the closest thing that philosophy has to a Sermon on the Mount. And just as with our Biblical narratives, the dialogue presents a historical difficulty. To what extent is this speech fact, and to what extent invention? The only other record we have of the trial is from Xenophon, who wasn鈥檛 even there. Plato was there鈥攐r at least he asserts that he was鈥攁nd yet it beggars belief that the young, would-be amanuensis could retain the entire speech in his mind after one hearing, or that he could write it down with tolerable accuracy as the events unfolded. It seems far more likely (to me at least) that this speech is more or less a fabrication made well after the fact, attempting to preserve the flavor and impression of Socrates鈥� final speech but not the exact words themselves.
All speculation notwithstanding, the essential facts are preserved: Socrates was accused of denying the gods and of corrupting the youth, made a bold and waggish defense of himself, was convicted, refused to mitigate the consequences, and triumphantly accepted the death penalty. Yet what really emerges from this speech is not a record of events but the portrait of a man.
Here Plato reveals himself to be a writer of the highest order. Fact or fiction, Plato鈥檚 Socrates is one of the great characters of literature. Though Socrates鈥� life is at stake, he does not falter for a moment. He treats the accusations with amusement, dismissing them with playful arguments that reveal his absolute indifference to the outcome. Far from bowing and scraping to preserve his life, Socrates flaunts his superiority to his accusers, couching his boasts in an ironical humility. He is a man in perfect control of himself and in perfect peace with the world.
Even if the real Socrates was truly this remarkable, it would have taken a writer of exquisite talent to effectively render him in prose. And if this is largely Plato鈥檚 invention, we must rank him along with Shakespeare, for Socrates utters now-famous phrases nearly as quickly as Hamlet. Western philosophy could not have asked for a more rousing beginning.
All speculation notwithstanding, the essential facts are preserved: Socrates was accused of denying the gods and of corrupting the youth, made a bold and waggish defense of himself, was convicted, refused to mitigate the consequences, and triumphantly accepted the death penalty. Yet what really emerges from this speech is not a record of events but the portrait of a man.
Here Plato reveals himself to be a writer of the highest order. Fact or fiction, Plato鈥檚 Socrates is one of the great characters of literature. Though Socrates鈥� life is at stake, he does not falter for a moment. He treats the accusations with amusement, dismissing them with playful arguments that reveal his absolute indifference to the outcome. Far from bowing and scraping to preserve his life, Socrates flaunts his superiority to his accusers, couching his boasts in an ironical humility. He is a man in perfect control of himself and in perfect peace with the world.
Even if the real Socrates was truly this remarkable, it would have taken a writer of exquisite talent to effectively render him in prose. And if this is largely Plato鈥檚 invention, we must rank him along with Shakespeare, for Socrates utters now-famous phrases nearly as quickly as Hamlet. Western philosophy could not have asked for a more rousing beginning.
August 30, 2019
丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳
爻丕賱 鄢酃酃 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賲蹖賱丕丿 賲爻蹖丨 爻賯乇丕胤 賲鬲賴賲 卮丿 亘賴 賮丕爻丿 讴乇丿賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳 賵 亘蹖 禺丿丕蹖蹖
爻賯乇丕胤 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 丌鬲賳 丨丕馗乇 卮丿 賵 亘丕 賳賲丕蹖卮蹖 亘丕 卮讴賵賴 賵 倬乇爻卮 爻賵丕賱 賴丕蹖 賴賵卮賲賳丿丕賳賴 丕夭 亘蹖 诏賳丕賴蹖 禺賵丿卮 丿賮丕毓 讴乇丿 賵 丨丕囟乇 賳卮丿 賲丕賳賳丿 爻丕蹖乇 賲鬲賴賲蹖賳 丌鬲賳蹖 亘丕 诏乇蹖賴 賵 夭丕乇蹖 賵 丌賵乇丿賳 亘趩賴 賴丕蹖 禺賵丿 亘賴 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賲馗賱賵賲 賳賲丕蹖蹖 讴賳丿
丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘丕 乇丕蹖 诏蹖乇蹖 賵 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 鬲賳賴丕 爻賴 乇丕蹖 賲噩乇賲 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 卮丿
胤亘賯 乇爻賲 亘賴 賲鬲賴賲 丕噩丕夭賴 丿丕丿賴 卮丿 鬲丕 賲噩丕夭丕鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 賯丕囟蹖 賴丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 丿賴丿
爻賯乇丕胤 倬爻 丕夭 丨讴賲 賲蹖诏賴 :
锖戯华 锘寒 锖ｏ簬賱 锃硷划賳 锂旓花锖庯猾锆� 丕夭 锘ｏ沪 锖筹寒 锘э喊丿賴 丕锖筹簴 锃硷畷锘户锘� 锃硷焊锘� 丿丕乇锆撅邯 锂愶锘旓寒賷 锖戯寒丕賷 锖э划丿 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 锂愶花锘⒇� 锂旓含锖凤簶锘� 丕夭 丕锆撅沪貙 丕夭 锂愶锘旓寒賷 锂愶华 锘ｏ粻锖橈划爻 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 锂愶寒丿賴 丕锖筹簴貙 锖戯簬锂愶 锘э邯丕乇賲 . 夭锆撅寒丕 锘э护锆� 丿丕锘э虎 丌賳 锂愶锘旓寒 锖戯寒丕賷 锘ｏ沪 锖э划亘 丕锖筹簴 锆撅簬 锖戯邯 . 锃橈翰 锘� 锘簾锖掞 锘э护锆� 锖戯锘虎 丌賳 乇丕 锖戯簬 锂愶锘旓寒賷 锘嬶划囟 锂愶花锘� 锂愶华 锖戯邯賷 丌賳 锖戯寒丕賷 锘ｏ沪 锘ｏ簬锘э花锖� 丌锘擄簶锖庁� 乇賵锖凤沪 丕锖筹簴 . 锘ｏ簻锘� 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 锂愶花锘� 锂愶华 锘ｏ寒丕 丿乇 夭锘э邯丕賳 锘э畷锖庂� 丿丕乇锆撅邯責 夭锘э邯锂旓 丿乇 夭锘э邯丕賳 锖楋氦锖� 锘擄寒锘ｏ簬賳 夭锘э邯丕锘э簰锖庂� 趩賴 丕乇噩蹖 丿丕乇丿責
噩夭丕賷 锘э粯锖� 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 锂愶花锘� 锖戯簬 丕锆撅沪 锘楋锖� 锂愶华 锖楋簬 丌賳 乇丕 锘э瓩锖э骇锖橈华 丕賲 丿乇 夭锘э邯丕賳 锖戯护锖庯户锘⒇� 锘ｏ沪 锘ｏ簬锘燂 锘э邯丕乇賲 . 丕夭 丕锆撅沪 乇賵 锖楋簬 锃橈簬锆撅簬賳 锘嬶护锖� 丿乇 锖戯花锖� 锖э划丕锘虎 锘ｏ簬锘э邯 . 锃橈翰 锘ｏ籂锖庁藏ж� 锖楋簰锘岋锖� 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 锂愶花锘⒇� 锂旓护锖庂� 锘ｏ 锂愶花锘� 锖凤护锖� 锘э锖� 锖戯华 锃橈含锆撅寒锘擄簶锘� 丕锆撅沪 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿 乇丕锘忥簮 锖楋寒 锖戯簬锖凤锖� . 賵锘燂 丌锖楋花锆匡簬賳貙 丿锘燂簰锖达簶锂曪 锖戯华 锖ｏ锖庁� 锘ｏ寒丕 锃硷花锖庂� 丿锆撅划丕锘э华 锘э畱锖� 丕锖筹簴 锂愶华 锂旓护锖庂� 锂愶花锘� 锖戯簬 丕锆撅花锂戯华 锖凤护锖� 锘护锖革滑锖锖庂� 锘ｏ沪 锘э簶锘э户锖达簶锆匡邯 锖筹酣锘簬賳 锘ｏ寒丕 锖楋氦锘わ粸 锂愶花锆匡邯 貙 锖戯锂曪簬锘э畷锖庂� 锖楋簬亘 锖凤花锆匡邯賳 丌锘э滑锖� 乇丕 锖э划丕锘花锖� 丿丕卮鬲 锖戯花锖庯簯锖э锘� 锃硷花锆匡沪 锃橈锖革花锘簬丿賷 乇丕 丕夭 锘ｏ沪 锃硷焊锘� 锘ｏ邯丕乇锆撅邯
丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 爻賯乇丕胤 亘賴丕蹖 賳丕趩蹖夭 鄢郯 賲蹖賳賴 丕蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 禺賵丿卮 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖讴賳賴 賵 丿丕丿诏丕賴 丕賵賳 乇賵 賯亘賵賱 賳讴乇丿賴 賵 丨讴賲 賲乇诏 亘丕 夭賴乇 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 爻賯乇丕胤 氐丕丿乇 賲蹖讴賳丿
卮乇丨 丨丕賱 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賵 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 爻賯乇丕胤 鬲賵爻胤 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿 讴賴 賲毓乇賵賮 鬲乇蹖賳 丌賳 賴丕 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 賵 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 诏夭賳賮賵賳 賳丕賲 丿丕乇賳丿
丿乇 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 爻賯乇丕胤 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴丕賲賱 鬲乇 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴 賵 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 爻賯乇丕胤 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴丕賲賱 卮乇丨 丿丕丿賴 卮丿賴
賵賱蹖 诏夭賳賮賵賳 丿乇 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 禺賵丿卮 丿乇 毓賵囟 趩蹖夭 賴丕蹖 噩丕 賲丕賳丿賴 丕蹖 讴賴 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 丿乇 爻賴 诏丕賳賴 爻賯乇丕胤 禺賵丿 噩丕 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲 乇丕 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丨噩賲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴賲 賳丿丕乇丿
April 20, 2022
隆Oh, atenienses! 驴Era S贸crates un grano en el c... para muchos de vosotros? Por supuesto, y se enorgullec铆a de serlo. Qu茅 maravilla de discurso sobre la dignidad, la justicia, la sabidur铆a y la muerte, cuyo misterio estaba a punto de descubrir.
鈥淧ues nadie conoce la muerte, ni siquiera si es, precisamente, el mayor de todos los bienes para el hombre, pero la temen como si supieran con certeza que es el mayor de los males.鈥�
Plat贸n nos pinta de cuerpo entero a su maestro S贸crates en su defensa final, con un discurso conmovedor para los oyentes (y los actuales lectores) conminando a los Jueces a que sigan buscando la verdad y la integridad, en una postura digna e implacable.
"驴C贸mo no te averg眉enzas de no haber pensado m谩s que en amontonar riquezas, en adquirir cr茅ditos y honores, en despreciar los tesoros de la verdad y de la sabidur铆a y en no trabajar para hacer tu alma tan buena como pueda serlo? "
Da mucha verg眉enza agregar algo m谩s despu茅s de eso. Magn铆fica.
鈥淧ues nadie conoce la muerte, ni siquiera si es, precisamente, el mayor de todos los bienes para el hombre, pero la temen como si supieran con certeza que es el mayor de los males.鈥�
Plat贸n nos pinta de cuerpo entero a su maestro S贸crates en su defensa final, con un discurso conmovedor para los oyentes (y los actuales lectores) conminando a los Jueces a que sigan buscando la verdad y la integridad, en una postura digna e implacable.
"驴C贸mo no te averg眉enzas de no haber pensado m谩s que en amontonar riquezas, en adquirir cr茅ditos y honores, en despreciar los tesoros de la verdad y de la sabidur铆a y en no trabajar para hacer tu alma tan buena como pueda serlo? "
Da mucha verg眉enza agregar algo m谩s despu茅s de eso. Magn铆fica.
May 17, 2018
"螒位位维 蟿蠋蟻伪 蟺喂伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蠋蟻伪 谓伪 蠁蠉纬慰蠀渭蔚, 蔚纬蠋 纬喂伪 谓伪 蟺蔚胃维谓蠅, 魏喂 蔚蟽蔚委蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 味萎蟽蔚蟿蔚. 螤慰喂慰喂 伪蟺蠈 蔚渭维蟼 蟺畏纬伪委谓慰蠀谓 蟽蔚 魏伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 蟺蟻维纬渭伪, 蔚委谓伪喂 维纬谓蠅蟽蟿慰 蟽蔚 蠈位慰蠀蟼 蔚魏蟿蠈蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 螛蔚蠈."
August 14, 2022
Apologia is Plato鈥檚 account of Socrates鈥� self-defense speech in front of the judges who accused him of not believing in gods and corrupting the youth with his ideas.
October 2, 2017
This little 鈥榖ook鈥�, a mere conversation actually, is the source of so many excellent quotes as to be indispensable to our Western heritage. I was reading a few to my dear husband the other night and he wanted me to send them to him. Sadly, we鈥攁s a society鈥攚ant to expunge this type of literature from our children鈥檚 education because it was written by 鈥榙ead white men鈥�.
Oh foolish people! But then, that is also what Socrates died for鈥攎en鈥檚 fear of the Truth. It was the same back in Athens when he died. As was written by another wise man, 鈥榯here is nothing new under the sun鈥�.
Here are just a few of my favorite quotes from this wonderful 鈥榓pology鈥� for Truth:
鈥楽omeone will say: And are you not ashamed, Socrates, of a course of life which is likely to bring you to an untimely end? To him I may fairly answer: There you are mistaken: a man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living or dying; he ought only to consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong鈥攁cting the part of a good man or of a bad. 鈥� For wherever a man's place is, whether the place which he has chosen or that in which he has been placed by a commander, there he ought to remain in the hour of danger; he should not think of death or of anything but of disgrace.鈥�
鈥楩or the fear of death is indeed the pretense of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being a pretense of knowing the unknown; and no one knows whether death, which men in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.鈥�
鈥業 would rather die having spoken after my manner, than speak in your manner and live. 鈥� The difficulty, my friends, is not to avoid death, but to avoid unrighteousness; for that runs faster than death.鈥�
鈥業f you think that by killing men you can prevent someone from censuring your evil lives, you are mistaken; that is not a way of escape which is either possible or honorable; the easiest and the noblest way is not to be disabling others, but to be improving yourselves.鈥�
And my favorite, 鈥樷€he unexamined life is not worth living.鈥�
Indeed! It is not that we become navel-gazers, but that we realize Whose we are and give ourselves over to love of Truth.
September 27, 2017: Read this many years ago ... cannot remember when. Time for a reread.
Oh foolish people! But then, that is also what Socrates died for鈥攎en鈥檚 fear of the Truth. It was the same back in Athens when he died. As was written by another wise man, 鈥榯here is nothing new under the sun鈥�.
Here are just a few of my favorite quotes from this wonderful 鈥榓pology鈥� for Truth:
鈥楽omeone will say: And are you not ashamed, Socrates, of a course of life which is likely to bring you to an untimely end? To him I may fairly answer: There you are mistaken: a man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living or dying; he ought only to consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong鈥攁cting the part of a good man or of a bad. 鈥� For wherever a man's place is, whether the place which he has chosen or that in which he has been placed by a commander, there he ought to remain in the hour of danger; he should not think of death or of anything but of disgrace.鈥�
鈥楩or the fear of death is indeed the pretense of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being a pretense of knowing the unknown; and no one knows whether death, which men in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.鈥�
鈥業 would rather die having spoken after my manner, than speak in your manner and live. 鈥� The difficulty, my friends, is not to avoid death, but to avoid unrighteousness; for that runs faster than death.鈥�
鈥業f you think that by killing men you can prevent someone from censuring your evil lives, you are mistaken; that is not a way of escape which is either possible or honorable; the easiest and the noblest way is not to be disabling others, but to be improving yourselves.鈥�
And my favorite, 鈥樷€he unexamined life is not worth living.鈥�
Indeed! It is not that we become navel-gazers, but that we realize Whose we are and give ourselves over to love of Truth.
September 27, 2017: Read this many years ago ... cannot remember when. Time for a reread.
June 7, 2022
丿賵爻鬲丕賳賽 诏乇丕賳賯丿乇貙 芦丕賮賱丕胤賵賳禄 丿乇 锟斤拷蹖賳 乇爻丕賱賴 賲乇丕丨賱賽 丿丕丿诏丕賴蹖 讴乇丿賳賽 夭賳丿賴 蹖丕丿 芦爻賯乇丕胤賽 亘夭乇诏禄 賵 丿賮丕毓蹖丕鬲賽 賵蹖 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 賲乇丿賲賽 亘蹖禺乇丿 賵 丿賴丕賳 亘蹖賳 賴賲趩賵賳 賲賱鬲賵爻 賵 丌賳蹖鬲賵爻 乇丕 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲.. 亘賴 賯賵賱賽 禺賵丿賽 爻賯乇丕胤貙 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳蹖夭 讴爻丕賳蹖 賴賲趩賵賳 倬丕賱丕賲丿爻 賵 丌蹖丕爻 賳蹖夭 亘丕 乇兀蹖賽 馗丕賱賲丕賳踿 趩賳蹖賳 賲乇丿賲蹖貙 亘賴 爻賵蹖賽 賲乇诏 乇賮鬲賴 丕賳丿
鈥庂呚必呝� 賳丕丿丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘丕 鬲丨乇蹖讴賽 毓丿賴 丕蹖 爻賮爻胤賴 诏乇 诏賮鬲賳丿 爻賯乇丕胤 亘丕 爻禺賳丕賳卮貙 賲睾夭賽 噩賵丕賳丕賳賽 賲丕 乇丕 賮丕爻丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 卮讴丕蹖鬲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 爻賯乇丕胤 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 亘丿蹖賳 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 亘賵丿 讴賴: 爻賯乇丕胤 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 禺賱丕賮賽 丿蹖賳 倬蹖卮 诏乇賮鬲賴 賵 丿乇 倬蹖賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻乇丕乇賽 丌爻賲丕賳 賵 夭賲蹖賳 倬蹖 亘亘乇丿.. 亘丕胤賱 乇丕 丨賯 噩賱賵賴 賲蹖丿賴丿 賵 丕蹖賳讴丕乇 乇丕 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賳蹖夭 賲蹖 丌賲賵夭丿
毓夭蹖夭丕賳賲貙 丕乇夭卮賽 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 丿賮丕毓蹖丕鬲賽 爻賯乇丕胤 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賳賽 爻禺賳賵乇蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 丌賲賵夭卮 賲蹖丿賴丿 .. 丿乇 夭蹖乇 亘賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘貙 亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇爻丕賱賴 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賲丕 毓夭蹖夭丕賳貙 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲
---------------------------------------------
讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲賴 亘賴 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 卮賴乇賴 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵 丕夭 賳丕丿丕賳蹖賽 禺賵蹖卮 禺亘乇 賳丿丕乇賳丿貙 夭亘賵賳 鬲乇 丕夭 讴爻丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 卮賴乇鬲蹖 亘賴 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿 賵 亘賴 賳丕丿丕賳蹖賽 禺賵丿 丌诏丕賴 賴爻鬲賳丿
**
丌賳丕賳 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳賳丿 賲乇丕 亘讴卮賳丿貙 蹖丕 丕夭 讴卮賵乇 亘乇丕賳賳丿貙 蹖丕 丕夭 丨賯賵賯賽 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲丨乇賵賲 爻丕夭賳丿.. 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 丕賲賵乇 丿乇 賳馗乇賽 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘丿亘禺鬲蹖賽 亘夭乇诏蹖 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 丌蹖丿貙 賵賱蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇賽 賲賳 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘丿亘禺鬲 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕賳賳丿賽 丕蹖卮丕賳 亘讴賵卮丿 鬲丕 讴爻蹖 乇丕 亘乇 禺賱丕賮賽 毓丿丕賱鬲 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿丕乇丿
**
丌鬲賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賱亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 丨蹖丕鬲 賲乇丕 趩賳丕賳 丿蹖賵丕賳賴 賳讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賲丕賳 讴賳賲 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 卮賲丕 賴賲卮賴乇蹖丕賳賽 賲賳 賳鬲賵丕賳爻鬲蹖丿 爻禺賳丕賳賽 賲乇丕 鬲丨賲賱 讴賳蹖丿貙 亘蹖诏丕賳诏丕賳 鬲丕亘賽 卮賳蹖丿賳 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲. 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 趩賳蹖賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿蹖 乇丕 丕夭 賲賳 趩卮賲 賲丿丕乇蹖丿. 賲丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 賲賳 丕蹖賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 乇丕賴 丿賴賲 賵 亘乇丕蹖賽 趩賳丿 乇賵夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕賱禺賵乇丿诏蹖貙 爻乇诏乇丿丕賳 卮賵賲 賵 賴乇 乇賵夭 乇丕賴賽 卮賴乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇 倬蹖卮 诏蹖乇賲. 夭蹖乇丕 賳蹖讴 賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 亘賴 賴乇 卮賴乇 乇賵蹖 丌賵乇賲貙 噩賵丕賳丕賳賽 丌賳噩丕 賲乇丕 丨賱賯賴 賵丕乇 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 禺賵丕賴賳丿 诏乇賮鬲 賵 亘賴 爻禺賳丕賳賽 賲賳 诏賵卮 賮乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕丿. 丕诏乇 丌賳丕賳 乇丕 丕夭 禺賵丿 亘乇丕賳賲 禺賵丿賽 丌賳丕賳 亘賴 鬲亘毓蹖丿賽 賲賳 讴賲乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 亘爻鬲 賵 丕诏乇 賳乇丕賳賲貙 倬丿乇丕賳 賵 禺賵蹖卮丕賳卮丕賳 賲乇丕 丕夭 卮賴乇賽 禺賵丿 禺賵丕賴賳丿 乇丕賳丿
**
丌鬲賳蹖丕賳貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賳丕卮讴蹖亘丕卅蹖 賳丕賲賽 賳蹖讴賽 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 丿丕丿蹖丿 賵 亘丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賵 禺乇丿賴 诏蹖乇丕賳 乇丕 诏爻鬲丕禺 爻丕禺鬲蹖丿. 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 倬爻 毓蹖亘 噩賵蹖丕賳 亘賴 爻乇夭賳卮賽 卮賲丕 亘乇禺賵丕賴賳丿 禺丕爻鬲 賵 禺賵丕賴賳丿 诏賮鬲 賲乇丿賽 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 趩賵賳 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 讴卮鬲蹖丿.. 賴乇趩賳丿 賲賳 丕夭 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 亘賴乇賴 丕蹖 賳丿丕乇賲貙 賵賱蹖 亘丿诏賵蹖丕賳 卮賲丕 禺賱丕賮賽 丕蹖賳 乇丕 丕丿毓丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 讴乇丿 賵 丨丕賱 丌賳讴賴 丕诏乇 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇賳诏 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿蹖丿 賲賯氐賵丿 卮賲丕 丨丕氐賱 賲蹖卮丿. 夭蹖乇丕 賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖丿 讴賴 賲賳 倬蹖乇賲 賵 倬丕蹖 亘乇 賱亘賽 诏賵乇 丿丕乇賲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 乇賵蹖 爻禺賳賲 亘丕 賴賲賴 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 讴爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇兀蹖 亘賴 讴卮鬲賳賽 賲賳 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿. 丕蹖賳讴 亘賴 丌賳丕賳 賲蹖诏賵蹖賲: 卮丕蹖丿 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖亘乇蹖丿 毓賱鬲賽 賲丨讴賵賲 卮丿賳賽 賲賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 丕夭 诏賮鬲賳賽 爻禺賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕诏乇 賲蹖诏賮鬲賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賴賱讴賴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 賲蹖蹖丕賮鬲賲. 賵賱蹖 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 乇丕爻鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 爻亘亘賽 賲丨讴賵賲 卮丿賳 賲賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 亘賵丿貙 賵賱蹖 賳賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻禺賳 诏賮鬲賳. 亘賱讴賴 賲賳 丕夭 亘蹖 卮乇賲蹖 賵 诏爻鬲丕禺蹖 賵 诏賮鬲賳賽 爻禺賳丕賳蹖 讴賴 卮賲丕 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 卮賳蹖丿賳卮 亘賵丿蹖丿 賳丕鬲賵丕賳 亘賵丿賲 賵 賳賲蹖鬲賵丕賳爻鬲賲 賱丕亘賴 賵 夭丕乇蹖 讴賳賲 賵 爻禺賳丕賳蹖 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 丌賵乇賲 讴賴 卮賲丕 亘賴 卮賳蹖丿賳賽 丌賳賴丕 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 禺賵 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕蹖丿 賵 賲賳 丿乇 禺賵乇賽 卮兀賳賽 禺賵丿 賳賲蹖卮賲乇賲. 賳賴 賴賳诏丕賲賽 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 禺賵丿 丌賲丕丿賴 亘賵丿賲 鬲丕 亘乇丕蹖賽 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 禺胤乇 亘賴 讴丕乇蹖 倬爻鬲 鬲賳 丿乇 丿賴賲 賵 賳賴 丕讴賳賵賳 丕夭 丌賳趩賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 诏賮鬲賴 丕賲 倬卮蹖賲丕賳賲. 亘賱讴賴 賲乇丿賳 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳 丿賮丕毓 乇丕貙 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 亘丕 丕爻鬲乇丨丕賲 賵 夭丕乇蹖 亘乇鬲乇 賲蹖卮賲丕乇賲. 夭蹖乇丕 爻夭丕賵丕乇 賳賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 丌丿賲蹖 趩賴 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賵 趩賴 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賽 噩賳诏 丕夭 趩賳诏丕賱賽 賲乇诏 亘賴 丌睾賵卮賽 賳賳诏 亘诏乇蹖夭丿. 丕诏乇 乇賵丕 亘丕卮丿 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖賽 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 禺胤乇 亘賴 賴乇 讴乇丿丕乇 賵 诏賮鬲丕乇蹖 鬲賵爻賱 噩賵蹖丿貙 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賽 噩賳诏 賳蹖夭 亘爻丕 倬蹖卮 賲蹖 丌蹖丿 讴賴 亘丕 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳賽 爻賱丕丨 賵 爻乇 賮乇賵丿 丌賵乇丿賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 丿卮賲賳 亘賴 丌爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳 丕夭 賲乇诏 乇賴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕賮鬲. 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 禺胤乇賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖诏乇 賳蹖夭 賵爻蹖賱踿 乇賴丕蹖蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲.
---------------------------------------------
丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 丿乇 噩賴鬲賽 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 亘丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿賴 亘丕卮賴.. 蹖丕丿賽 爻賯乇丕胤 賴賲蹖卮賴 诏乇丕賲蹖 亘丕丿
芦倬蹖乇賵夭 亘丕卮蹖丿 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖禄
鈥庂呚必呝� 賳丕丿丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘丕 鬲丨乇蹖讴賽 毓丿賴 丕蹖 爻賮爻胤賴 诏乇 诏賮鬲賳丿 爻賯乇丕胤 亘丕 爻禺賳丕賳卮貙 賲睾夭賽 噩賵丕賳丕賳賽 賲丕 乇丕 賮丕爻丿 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲.. 卮讴丕蹖鬲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 爻賯乇丕胤 卮丿賴 亘賵丿 亘丿蹖賳 鬲乇鬲蹖亘 亘賵丿 讴賴: 爻賯乇丕胤 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 禺賱丕賮賽 丿蹖賳 倬蹖卮 诏乇賮鬲賴 賵 丿乇 倬蹖賽 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻乇丕乇賽 丌爻賲丕賳 賵 夭賲蹖賳 倬蹖 亘亘乇丿.. 亘丕胤賱 乇丕 丨賯 噩賱賵賴 賲蹖丿賴丿 賵 丕蹖賳讴丕乇 乇丕 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賳蹖夭 賲蹖 丌賲賵夭丿
毓夭蹖夭丕賳賲貙 丕乇夭卮賽 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 丿賮丕毓蹖丕鬲賽 爻賯乇丕胤 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賳賽 爻禺賳賵乇蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賳賵毓蹖 丌賲賵夭卮 賲蹖丿賴丿 .. 丿乇 夭蹖乇 亘賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘貙 亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 乇爻丕賱賴 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖賽 卮賲丕 毓夭蹖夭丕賳貙 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲
---------------------------------------------
讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲賴 亘賴 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 卮賴乇賴 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵 丕夭 賳丕丿丕賳蹖賽 禺賵蹖卮 禺亘乇 賳丿丕乇賳丿貙 夭亘賵賳 鬲乇 丕夭 讴爻丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 卮賴乇鬲蹖 亘賴 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿 賵 亘賴 賳丕丿丕賳蹖賽 禺賵丿 丌诏丕賴 賴爻鬲賳丿
**
丌賳丕賳 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳賳丿 賲乇丕 亘讴卮賳丿貙 蹖丕 丕夭 讴卮賵乇 亘乇丕賳賳丿貙 蹖丕 丕夭 丨賯賵賯賽 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賲丨乇賵賲 爻丕夭賳丿.. 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 丕賲賵乇 丿乇 賳馗乇賽 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘丿亘禺鬲蹖賽 亘夭乇诏蹖 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 丌蹖丿貙 賵賱蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇賽 賲賳 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘丿亘禺鬲 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕賳賳丿賽 丕蹖卮丕賳 亘讴賵卮丿 鬲丕 讴爻蹖 乇丕 亘乇 禺賱丕賮賽 毓丿丕賱鬲 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿丕乇丿
**
丌鬲賳蹖丕賳貙 丿賱亘爻鬲诏蹖 亘賴 丨蹖丕鬲 賲乇丕 趩賳丕賳 丿蹖賵丕賳賴 賳讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賲丕賳 讴賳賲 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 卮賲丕 賴賲卮賴乇蹖丕賳賽 賲賳 賳鬲賵丕賳爻鬲蹖丿 爻禺賳丕賳賽 賲乇丕 鬲丨賲賱 讴賳蹖丿貙 亘蹖诏丕賳诏丕賳 鬲丕亘賽 卮賳蹖丿賳 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲. 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 趩賳蹖賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿蹖 乇丕 丕夭 賲賳 趩卮賲 賲丿丕乇蹖丿. 賲丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 賲賳 丕蹖賳 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 乇丕賴 丿賴賲 賵 亘乇丕蹖賽 趩賳丿 乇賵夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕賱禺賵乇丿诏蹖貙 爻乇诏乇丿丕賳 卮賵賲 賵 賴乇 乇賵夭 乇丕賴賽 卮賴乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇 倬蹖卮 诏蹖乇賲. 夭蹖乇丕 賳蹖讴 賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 亘賴 賴乇 卮賴乇 乇賵蹖 丌賵乇賲貙 噩賵丕賳丕賳賽 丌賳噩丕 賲乇丕 丨賱賯賴 賵丕乇 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 禺賵丕賴賳丿 诏乇賮鬲 賵 亘賴 爻禺賳丕賳賽 賲賳 诏賵卮 賮乇丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕丿. 丕诏乇 丌賳丕賳 乇丕 丕夭 禺賵丿 亘乇丕賳賲 禺賵丿賽 丌賳丕賳 亘賴 鬲亘毓蹖丿賽 賲賳 讴賲乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 亘爻鬲 賵 丕诏乇 賳乇丕賳賲貙 倬丿乇丕賳 賵 禺賵蹖卮丕賳卮丕賳 賲乇丕 丕夭 卮賴乇賽 禺賵丿 禺賵丕賴賳丿 乇丕賳丿
**
丌鬲賳蹖丕賳貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賳丕卮讴蹖亘丕卅蹖 賳丕賲賽 賳蹖讴賽 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 亘丕丿 丿丕丿蹖丿 賵 亘丿禺賵丕賴丕賳 賵 禺乇丿賴 诏蹖乇丕賳 乇丕 诏爻鬲丕禺 爻丕禺鬲蹖丿. 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 倬爻 毓蹖亘 噩賵蹖丕賳 亘賴 爻乇夭賳卮賽 卮賲丕 亘乇禺賵丕賴賳丿 禺丕爻鬲 賵 禺賵丕賴賳丿 诏賮鬲 賲乇丿賽 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 趩賵賳 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 讴卮鬲蹖丿.. 賴乇趩賳丿 賲賳 丕夭 丿丕賳丕蹖蹖 亘賴乇賴 丕蹖 賳丿丕乇賲貙 賵賱蹖 亘丿诏賵蹖丕賳 卮賲丕 禺賱丕賮賽 丕蹖賳 乇丕 丕丿毓丕 禺賵丕賴賳丿 讴乇丿 賵 丨丕賱 丌賳讴賴 丕诏乇 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇賳诏 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿蹖丿 賲賯氐賵丿 卮賲丕 丨丕氐賱 賲蹖卮丿. 夭蹖乇丕 賲蹖亘蹖賳蹖丿 讴賴 賲賳 倬蹖乇賲 賵 倬丕蹖 亘乇 賱亘賽 诏賵乇 丿丕乇賲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 乇賵蹖 爻禺賳賲 亘丕 賴賲賴 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 讴爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇兀蹖 亘賴 讴卮鬲賳賽 賲賳 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿. 丕蹖賳讴 亘賴 丌賳丕賳 賲蹖诏賵蹖賲: 卮丕蹖丿 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖亘乇蹖丿 毓賱鬲賽 賲丨讴賵賲 卮丿賳賽 賲賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 丕夭 诏賮鬲賳賽 爻禺賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕诏乇 賲蹖诏賮鬲賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賴賱讴賴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 賲蹖蹖丕賮鬲賲. 賵賱蹖 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 乇丕爻鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 爻亘亘賽 賲丨讴賵賲 卮丿賳 賲賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 亘賵丿貙 賵賱蹖 賳賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻禺賳 诏賮鬲賳. 亘賱讴賴 賲賳 丕夭 亘蹖 卮乇賲蹖 賵 诏爻鬲丕禺蹖 賵 诏賮鬲賳賽 爻禺賳丕賳蹖 讴賴 卮賲丕 禺賵丕賴丕賳賽 卮賳蹖丿賳卮 亘賵丿蹖丿 賳丕鬲賵丕賳 亘賵丿賲 賵 賳賲蹖鬲賵丕賳爻鬲賲 賱丕亘賴 賵 夭丕乇蹖 讴賳賲 賵 爻禺賳丕賳蹖 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 丌賵乇賲 讴賴 卮賲丕 亘賴 卮賳蹖丿賳賽 丌賳賴丕 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 禺賵 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕蹖丿 賵 賲賳 丿乇 禺賵乇賽 卮兀賳賽 禺賵丿 賳賲蹖卮賲乇賲. 賳賴 賴賳诏丕賲賽 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 禺賵丿 丌賲丕丿賴 亘賵丿賲 鬲丕 亘乇丕蹖賽 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 禺胤乇 亘賴 讴丕乇蹖 倬爻鬲 鬲賳 丿乇 丿賴賲 賵 賳賴 丕讴賳賵賳 丕夭 丌賳趩賴 讴乇丿賴 賵 诏賮鬲賴 丕賲 倬卮蹖賲丕賳賲. 亘賱讴賴 賲乇丿賳 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳 丿賮丕毓 乇丕貙 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 亘丕 丕爻鬲乇丨丕賲 賵 夭丕乇蹖 亘乇鬲乇 賲蹖卮賲丕乇賲. 夭蹖乇丕 爻夭丕賵丕乇 賳賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 丌丿賲蹖 趩賴 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賵 趩賴 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賽 噩賳诏 丕夭 趩賳诏丕賱賽 賲乇诏 亘賴 丌睾賵卮賽 賳賳诏 亘诏乇蹖夭丿. 丕诏乇 乇賵丕 亘丕卮丿 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖賽 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 禺胤乇 亘賴 賴乇 讴乇丿丕乇 賵 诏賮鬲丕乇蹖 鬲賵爻賱 噩賵蹖丿貙 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賽 噩賳诏 賳蹖夭 亘爻丕 倬蹖卮 賲蹖 丌蹖丿 讴賴 亘丕 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳賽 爻賱丕丨 賵 爻乇 賮乇賵丿 丌賵乇丿賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 丿卮賲賳 亘賴 丌爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳 丕夭 賲乇诏 乇賴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕賮鬲. 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇賽 禺胤乇賴丕蹖賽 丿蹖诏乇 賳蹖夭 賵爻蹖賱踿 乇賴丕蹖蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲.
---------------------------------------------
丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 丿乇 噩賴鬲賽 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖 亘丕 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 賲賮蹖丿 亘賵丿賴 亘丕卮賴.. 蹖丕丿賽 爻賯乇丕胤 賴賲蹖卮賴 诏乇丕賲蹖 亘丕丿
芦倬蹖乇賵夭 亘丕卮蹖丿 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖禄
April 29, 2025
sokrates bu diyalogta asl谋nda yaln谋zca kendisini savunmuyor; bilginin, ahl芒k谋n ve sorgulaman谋n toplum i莽indeki yerini de sorguluyor. ona y枚neltilen su莽lamalarla d枚nemin atina鈥檚谋n谋n farkl谋 d眉艧眉ncelere, 枚zellikle de sorgulamaya ne kadar tahamm眉ls眉z oldu臒unu a莽谋k莽a g枚r眉yoruz.
sokrates hi莽 yalvarm谋yor, pi艧manl谋k da duymuyor, halk谋n beklentilerine uygun bir savunma yapmaya da 莽al谋艧m谋yor. 枚yle kararl谋 bir duru艧 sergiliyor ki, onun i莽in 枚nemli olan谋n ne kadar ya艧ad谋臒谋 de臒il, nas谋l ya艧ad谋臒谋 oldu臒unu anl谋yoruz. 枚zellikle 枚l眉m hakk谋nda s枚yledikleri 莽ok etkileyici. 枚l眉m眉 ya bilin莽siz bir uykuya ya da ba艧ka bir d眉nyaya ge莽i艧e benzetiyor ve her ikisinin de korkulacak bir 艧ey olmad谋臒谋n谋 s枚yl眉yor. art谋k burada cesaretten daha b眉y眉k bir 艧ey g枚r眉yoruz: 枚l眉m眉n e艧i臒inde bile d眉艧眉nceden ve hakikatten vazge莽meden kendi do臒rular谋na sad谋k kalabilmek..
sokrates hi莽 yalvarm谋yor, pi艧manl谋k da duymuyor, halk谋n beklentilerine uygun bir savunma yapmaya da 莽al谋艧m谋yor. 枚yle kararl谋 bir duru艧 sergiliyor ki, onun i莽in 枚nemli olan谋n ne kadar ya艧ad谋臒谋 de臒il, nas谋l ya艧ad谋臒谋 oldu臒unu anl谋yoruz. 枚zellikle 枚l眉m hakk谋nda s枚yledikleri 莽ok etkileyici. 枚l眉m眉 ya bilin莽siz bir uykuya ya da ba艧ka bir d眉nyaya ge莽i艧e benzetiyor ve her ikisinin de korkulacak bir 艧ey olmad谋臒谋n谋 s枚yl眉yor. art谋k burada cesaretten daha b眉y眉k bir 艧ey g枚r眉yoruz: 枚l眉m眉n e艧i臒inde bile d眉艧眉nceden ve hakikatten vazge莽meden kendi do臒rular谋na sad谋k kalabilmek..
February 4, 2021
鈥淲ell, gentlemen, for the sake of a very small gain in time you are going to earn the reputation 鈥� and the blame from those who wish to disparage our city 鈥� of having put Socrates to death.鈥�
It is quite normal, I think, to read the Apology and feel as though Socrates has blundered horribly in judgment 鈥� he has said the very things that will drive him to the grave. After hearing of the declaration of the Oracle of Delphi that there is no one wiser than him, he has taken it upon himself to ensure the verity of this statement. This has led to disgruntlement among the masses and a court trial. There are multiple opportunities during this defence for Socrates to gain a foothold and paint himself as a favourable citizen to the jury 鈥� he does not take a single one of these opportunities. In fact, he did not care at all whether he was able to 鈥渕ind his manners鈥� during the trial 鈥� he would have wanted to die a death that one could be proud of. Well鈥� he succeeded. And thus, slowly but surely, we began to look at philosophy and its pursuit as the art of learning how to die.
January 29, 2021
I always wonder about the skills of these highly intellectual, talented people of Ancient times. It's a delight to read Socrates' legal defence and you can feel his charisma through the words. Such a shame that there are only few (if at all) who can compete on his level of logic, ethos and pathos. And it's such a shame never to be able to witness a "performance" of his speech since the performance itself with its gesture and voice also has a huge impact on the audience.
February 13, 2022
3 stars
dude this socrates guy was spitting bars lowkey. like if i was being sentenced to death i would be crying and shit
dude this socrates guy was spitting bars lowkey. like if i was being sentenced to death i would be crying and shit
July 8, 2017
乇爻丕賱賴 蹖 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 蹖 爻賯乇丕胤 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 丌鬲賳 讴賴 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丕鬲賴丕賲 "丌賵乇丿賳 禺丿丕蹖丕賳 噩丿蹖丿" 賵 "诏賲乇丕賴 讴乇丿賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳" 亘賴 賲丨讴賲賴 讴卮蹖丿賴 亘賵丿賳丿. 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 賯爻賲鬲 賴丕蹖 丿賮丕毓蹖賴 毓丕賱蹖 丕爻鬲.
丿丕丿诏丕賴 亘丕 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 60 亘賴 40 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 賲禺蹖乇 讴乇丿 讴賴 賲噩丕夭丕鬲 賲乇诏 乇丕 亘倬匕蹖乇丿 蹖丕 噩乇蹖賲賴 蹖 賲丕賱蹖 亘倬乇丿丕夭丿. 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 讴賴 诏賵蹖丕 孬乇賵鬲賲賳丿 亘賵丿賴貙 亘賴 爻賯乇丕胤 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 讴乇丿 噩乇蹖賲賴 亘倬乇丿丕夭賳丿 賵 禺賵丿卮 丨丕囟乇 卮丿 賲亘賱睾 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 亘丿賴丿貨 賵賱蹖 爻賯乇丕胤貙 胤亘賯 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲毓賲賵賱卮 (亘賴 鬲賲爻禺乇 诏乇賮鬲賳 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭) 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 亘爻蹖丕乇 賳丕趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺乇蹖丿賳 噩丕賳 禺賵丿卮 丿丕丿. 丕蹖賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賳丕趩蹖夭貙 亘賴 賴蹖卅鬲 賲賳氐賮賴 亘乇禺賵乇丿 賵 丕蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 亘丕 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 90 亘賴 10 丿乇氐丿 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 亘賴 賲乇诏 賲丨讴賵賲 讴乇丿賳丿. 倬爻 丕夭 趩賳丿 乇賵夭貙 亘丕 賳賵卮蹖丿賳 噩丕賲 夭賴乇 丨讴賲 丕噩乇丕 卮丿.
(丿乇氐丿 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 丿丕丿诏丕賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲賯丿丕乇 丿賯蹖賯卮 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 賳丿丕乇賲.)
丿丕丿诏丕賴 亘丕 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 60 亘賴 40 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 賲禺蹖乇 讴乇丿 讴賴 賲噩丕夭丕鬲 賲乇诏 乇丕 亘倬匕蹖乇丿 蹖丕 噩乇蹖賲賴 蹖 賲丕賱蹖 亘倬乇丿丕夭丿. 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 讴賴 诏賵蹖丕 孬乇賵鬲賲賳丿 亘賵丿賴貙 亘賴 爻賯乇丕胤 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 讴乇丿 噩乇蹖賲賴 亘倬乇丿丕夭賳丿 賵 禺賵丿卮 丨丕囟乇 卮丿 賲亘賱睾 亘爻蹖丕乇 夭蹖丕丿蹖 亘丿賴丿貨 賵賱蹖 爻賯乇丕胤貙 胤亘賯 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲毓賲賵賱卮 (亘賴 鬲賲爻禺乇 诏乇賮鬲賳 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭) 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 亘爻蹖丕乇 賳丕趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺乇蹖丿賳 噩丕賳 禺賵丿卮 丿丕丿. 丕蹖賳 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賳丕趩蹖夭貙 亘賴 賴蹖卅鬲 賲賳氐賮賴 亘乇禺賵乇丿 賵 丕蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 亘丕 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 90 亘賴 10 丿乇氐丿 爻賯乇丕胤 乇丕 亘賴 賲乇诏 賲丨讴賵賲 讴乇丿賳丿. 倬爻 丕夭 趩賳丿 乇賵夭貙 亘丕 賳賵卮蹖丿賳 噩丕賲 夭賴乇 丨讴賲 丕噩乇丕 卮丿.
(丿乇氐丿 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 丿丕丿诏丕賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲賯丿丕乇 丿賯蹖賯卮 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 賳丿丕乇賲.)
February 20, 2018
Bir kere daha anlad谋m ki yalan, iftira insano臒lunun mayas谋nda var. Milattan 枚nceki y谋llarda dahi bilge insanlar otoriteler taraf谋ndan tehdit olarak g枚r眉l眉yordu. Sokrates鈥檌n hazin 枚yk眉s眉n眉, kitab谋 okumadan 枚nce de biliyordum ama savunmas谋n谋 okuyunca 莽ok etkilendim ve 眉z眉ld眉m.
Bu arada kitab谋n olduk莽a uzun bir giri艧i var( yakla艧谋k 40 sayfa), savunmay谋 okumadan 枚nce Sokratesin felsefesi hakk谋nda k谋saca bilgi sahibi olmam谋z谋 sa臒l谋yor. Sokrates鈥檌n 莽ok do臒ru buldu臒um ve ya艧am felsefesini 枚zetleyen bir s枚z眉yle yaz谋m谋 tamamlamak istiyorum.
鈥淎nlad谋m ki kendilerini bilgili olarak satanlar ger莽ekte en bilgisiz olanlard谋r. 鈥�
Bu arada kitab谋n olduk莽a uzun bir giri艧i var( yakla艧谋k 40 sayfa), savunmay谋 okumadan 枚nce Sokratesin felsefesi hakk谋nda k谋saca bilgi sahibi olmam谋z谋 sa臒l谋yor. Sokrates鈥檌n 莽ok do臒ru buldu臒um ve ya艧am felsefesini 枚zetleyen bir s枚z眉yle yaz谋m谋 tamamlamak istiyorum.
鈥淎nlad谋m ki kendilerini bilgili olarak satanlar ger莽ekte en bilgisiz olanlard谋r. 鈥�
March 17, 2021
丿賱賲 賵丕爻賴 禺賵賵賳丿賳 鬲賳诏 卮丿賴.
丿賵亘丕乇賴 鬲賵 毓蹖丿 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 亘賴 禺賵賵賳丿賳 馃槏
丿賵亘丕乇賴 鬲賵 毓蹖丿 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 亘賴 禺賵賵賳丿賳 馃槏
May 13, 2020
After four years, I finally managed to reread this thing, and I'm glad that I did. It really goes to show that not all of my remaining brain cells have died during this lockdown, especially after having exclusively read old YA trilogies and Batman comics. (Yep, I'm living my best life currently.)
Anyways, Socrates' Defence (or: The Apology of Socrates as it is more commonly known) was written by Plato and is a Socratic dialogue of the speech of legal self-defence which Socrates spoke at his trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BCE. Specifically, it's Socrates' defence against the charges of "corrupting the youth" and "not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" to Athens. Yep, Ancient Greeks were wild, you guys.
Plato was so obsessed with his former mentor that he wrote four Socratic dialogues in which he details the final days Socrates, so among the Apology, there's also the Euthyphro, Phaedo, and Crito. People who are much smarter than me (notably students of Ancient Greek and probably law students as well ... gosh, I imagine law students are having a field day with this one!) will be able to tell you the significance of the other three works, alas! I cannot.
Plato really got deep into it as he wrote from Socrates' perspective. Except for Socrates' two dialogues with Meletus, about the nature and logic of his accusations of impiety, the text of the Apology is in the first-person perspective. Moreover, during the trial, in his speech of self-defence, Socrates twice mentions that Plato is present at the trial, which is kinda funny when you think about the fact that Plato is writing the damn thing.
The Apology begins with Socrates addressing the jury of perhaps 500 Athenian men to ask if they have been persuaded by the Orators Lycon, Anytus, and Meletus, who have accused Socrates of corrupting the young people of the city and impiety against the pantheon of Athens. The first sentence of his speech establishes the theme of the dialogue 鈥� that philosophy begins with an admission of ignorance. Socrates really hones in on this fact that the only reason he is wiser than all of the men present is because the wisdom he possesses is that he knows nothing. And whilst you may think: "WOW what a humble guy!", I couldn't help rolling my eyes. Of course, Socrates knew something. Of course, he was a clever dude. Otherwise, he wouldn't have spent all of his time talking to people in the market place 鈥� if he didn't think he had something of note to share. So, keep that humility to yourself buddy. We ain't buying it.
Socrates' accusers were: 1) Anytus, a rich and socially prominent Athenian who opposed the Sophists on principle (HONESTLY MOOD), 2) Meletus, a true enemy of Socrates (ALSO MOOD), and 3) Lycon, who represented the professional rhetoricians as an interest group.
In his defence at trial, Socrates faced two sets of accusations: (i) asebeia (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens, by introducing new gods; and (ii) corruption of Athenian youth, by teaching them to doubt the status quo. Socrates says to the court that these old accusations arise from years of gossip and prejudice against him; hence, are matters difficult to address.
For his self-defence regarding the accusations of impiety, Socrates first eliminates any claim that he is a wise man. He says that Chaerephon, reputed to be impetuous, went to the Oracle of Delphi and asked her, the prophetess, Pythia, to tell him of anyone wiser than Socrates. The Pythia answered to Chaerephon that there was no man wiser. Socrates didn't believe the Oracle and so the sought out to find a man wiser than him. Turns out, he didn't. (LMAO) And whilst you may think "WOW that's BIG DICK ENERGY", it actually turns out that each man he interrogated thought himself wise; therefore, Socrates understood that he was the better man because he was aware that he was not wise. Yeah, I talked about that one before. No one buys your humility, dude. Get the fuck outta here.
In regards to the accusation of corruption the Athenian youth (Oscar is quaking in his seat over 2000 years later), Socrates explained that the young, rich men of the city of Athens have little to do with their time. They, therefore, follow him about the city, observing his questioning of intellectual arguments in dialogue with other intellectual men. But since Socrates has never had any complain from them or their parents and friends (he's even like ... ALL THESE PEOPLE I SUPPOSEDLY CORRUPTED ARE HERE TODAY AND IN GREAT HEALTH LOL), he doesn't understand how anyone can truly accuse him of corruption.
Socrates proceeds to say that people who fear death are showing their ignorance, because death might be a good thing, yet people fear it as if it is evil; even though they cannot know whether it is good or evil. And whilst I appreciate that notion, it is also a little bit of bullshit, isn't it? As much as Socrates claims to be above the average man, at the end of the day, neither of us wants to die. And you almost get the feeling that Socrates WANTED TO DIE JUST TO PROVE A POINT. And so, although offered the opportunity to appease the prejudices of the jury, with a minimal concession to the charges of corruption and impiety, Socrates does not yield his integrity to avoid the penalty of death. And so the jury condemns Socrates to death. So I don't know, I know too little about Socrates but as for as I understood it, he was already an old man at the time of the trial (...he was 70 or something) so maybe he really felt like he didn't have as much to loose as maybe a younger person in his position. And we all know that Roman culture is stabbing yourself to prove it a point, so why should it have been different in Athens??
Also, women are mentioned like ... ONCE ... in this entire thing. It's like they don't exist. Maybe a lack of women in your life is also the reason why you ended up on trial in the first place Socrates. Think about it. ;)
Anyways, Socrates' Defence (or: The Apology of Socrates as it is more commonly known) was written by Plato and is a Socratic dialogue of the speech of legal self-defence which Socrates spoke at his trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BCE. Specifically, it's Socrates' defence against the charges of "corrupting the youth" and "not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" to Athens. Yep, Ancient Greeks were wild, you guys.
Plato was so obsessed with his former mentor that he wrote four Socratic dialogues in which he details the final days Socrates, so among the Apology, there's also the Euthyphro, Phaedo, and Crito. People who are much smarter than me (notably students of Ancient Greek and probably law students as well ... gosh, I imagine law students are having a field day with this one!) will be able to tell you the significance of the other three works, alas! I cannot.
Plato really got deep into it as he wrote from Socrates' perspective. Except for Socrates' two dialogues with Meletus, about the nature and logic of his accusations of impiety, the text of the Apology is in the first-person perspective. Moreover, during the trial, in his speech of self-defence, Socrates twice mentions that Plato is present at the trial, which is kinda funny when you think about the fact that Plato is writing the damn thing.
The Apology begins with Socrates addressing the jury of perhaps 500 Athenian men to ask if they have been persuaded by the Orators Lycon, Anytus, and Meletus, who have accused Socrates of corrupting the young people of the city and impiety against the pantheon of Athens. The first sentence of his speech establishes the theme of the dialogue 鈥� that philosophy begins with an admission of ignorance. Socrates really hones in on this fact that the only reason he is wiser than all of the men present is because the wisdom he possesses is that he knows nothing. And whilst you may think: "WOW what a humble guy!", I couldn't help rolling my eyes. Of course, Socrates knew something. Of course, he was a clever dude. Otherwise, he wouldn't have spent all of his time talking to people in the market place 鈥� if he didn't think he had something of note to share. So, keep that humility to yourself buddy. We ain't buying it.
Socrates' accusers were: 1) Anytus, a rich and socially prominent Athenian who opposed the Sophists on principle (HONESTLY MOOD), 2) Meletus, a true enemy of Socrates (ALSO MOOD), and 3) Lycon, who represented the professional rhetoricians as an interest group.
In his defence at trial, Socrates faced two sets of accusations: (i) asebeia (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens, by introducing new gods; and (ii) corruption of Athenian youth, by teaching them to doubt the status quo. Socrates says to the court that these old accusations arise from years of gossip and prejudice against him; hence, are matters difficult to address.
For his self-defence regarding the accusations of impiety, Socrates first eliminates any claim that he is a wise man. He says that Chaerephon, reputed to be impetuous, went to the Oracle of Delphi and asked her, the prophetess, Pythia, to tell him of anyone wiser than Socrates. The Pythia answered to Chaerephon that there was no man wiser. Socrates didn't believe the Oracle and so the sought out to find a man wiser than him. Turns out, he didn't. (LMAO) And whilst you may think "WOW that's BIG DICK ENERGY", it actually turns out that each man he interrogated thought himself wise; therefore, Socrates understood that he was the better man because he was aware that he was not wise. Yeah, I talked about that one before. No one buys your humility, dude. Get the fuck outta here.
In regards to the accusation of corruption the Athenian youth (Oscar is quaking in his seat over 2000 years later), Socrates explained that the young, rich men of the city of Athens have little to do with their time. They, therefore, follow him about the city, observing his questioning of intellectual arguments in dialogue with other intellectual men. But since Socrates has never had any complain from them or their parents and friends (he's even like ... ALL THESE PEOPLE I SUPPOSEDLY CORRUPTED ARE HERE TODAY AND IN GREAT HEALTH LOL), he doesn't understand how anyone can truly accuse him of corruption.
Socrates proceeds to say that people who fear death are showing their ignorance, because death might be a good thing, yet people fear it as if it is evil; even though they cannot know whether it is good or evil. And whilst I appreciate that notion, it is also a little bit of bullshit, isn't it? As much as Socrates claims to be above the average man, at the end of the day, neither of us wants to die. And you almost get the feeling that Socrates WANTED TO DIE JUST TO PROVE A POINT. And so, although offered the opportunity to appease the prejudices of the jury, with a minimal concession to the charges of corruption and impiety, Socrates does not yield his integrity to avoid the penalty of death. And so the jury condemns Socrates to death. So I don't know, I know too little about Socrates but as for as I understood it, he was already an old man at the time of the trial (...he was 70 or something) so maybe he really felt like he didn't have as much to loose as maybe a younger person in his position. And we all know that Roman culture is stabbing yourself to prove it a point, so why should it have been different in Athens??
Also, women are mentioned like ... ONCE ... in this entire thing. It's like they don't exist. Maybe a lack of women in your life is also the reason why you ended up on trial in the first place Socrates. Think about it. ;)
October 8, 2012
This is one of the best works of philosophy or literature ever written. It is Plato's version of Socrates's defense at his trial. The word "apology" here means defense. Socrates is on trial for his life for blasphemy and for corrupting the youth of Athens. He very easily leads his primary accuser, Meletus, into contradictions. And he tries to explain to the jury and to the spectators how it is that he gained a reputation as a wise man among some, and a villain among others. One of Socrates's admirers went to the Oracle at Delphi (which was thought to be pro-Spartan) and asked the priestesses there if anyone in Athens were wiser than Socrates. The answer was no. Socrates, on hearing this, claims to have been incredulous. "I said to myself, 'What can the God mean? And what is the interpretation of this riddle? For I know that I have no wisdom..." And so Socrates says that he decided to inquire among his fellow Athenians to fine one wiser than himself and prove the Oracle wrong. He went to the poets and politicians and artisans, and failed to find anyone with any real wisdom. And he reluctantly concluded that the Oracle was right, that even though he knew that he did not really know anything, he was at least aware of his ignorance, and so was better off than other Athenians, who were ignorant even of their ignorance. But in the process, he and his young admirers embarrassed many vain men by exposing their ignorance, and Socrates argues that this is the source of their enmity toward him. And Socrates rather amusingly compares his own efforts to the famous labors of Herculues, a move that could not fail to further antagonize his enemies, since Hercules was one of the greatest heros of Greek myth. He also later compares himself to Achilles, another great Greek hero.
In his defense, Socrates offers the most beautiful and powerful defense of philosophy and the life of virtue ever given. "I do nothing" he says, "but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, to take no thought for your persons or your properties, but first and foremost to care about the greatest improvement of the soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man."
Socrates courageously refused to concede any guilt, and even antagonized the jury by calling himself a gadfly sent by God to stir Athens from its dogmatic slumber, that is, a benefactor to the state who deserves public pay, rather than punishment. So they convicted him and sentenced him to death. This was, as he had predicted, a permanent stain on Athens.
Everyone ought to read this dialogue, not once but many times. It will hopefully spur the reader to examine his own life, for as Socrates says, "the unexamined life is not worth living."
In his defense, Socrates offers the most beautiful and powerful defense of philosophy and the life of virtue ever given. "I do nothing" he says, "but go about persuading you all, old and young alike, to take no thought for your persons or your properties, but first and foremost to care about the greatest improvement of the soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man."
Socrates courageously refused to concede any guilt, and even antagonized the jury by calling himself a gadfly sent by God to stir Athens from its dogmatic slumber, that is, a benefactor to the state who deserves public pay, rather than punishment. So they convicted him and sentenced him to death. This was, as he had predicted, a permanent stain on Athens.
Everyone ought to read this dialogue, not once but many times. It will hopefully spur the reader to examine his own life, for as Socrates says, "the unexamined life is not worth living."
August 26, 2017
螠喂伪 蟺蔚蟻委蔚蟻纬畏 位蠉蟺畏 蟽蔚 蟺喂维谓蔚喂 蠈蟿伪谓 未喂伪尾维味蔚喂蟼 蟿畏谓 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓畏 伪蟺慰位慰纬委伪 纬喂伪 蟿慰 蟺蠈蟽慰 维未喂魏慰蟼 (畏 位苇尉畏 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 伪谓蟿喂魏伪蟿伪蟽蟿伪胃蔚委 渭蔚 维位位蔚蟼 位喂纬蠈蟿蔚蟻慰 魏蠈蟽渭喂蔚蟼) 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蔚位喂魏维 慰 魏蠈蟽渭慰蟼.
(螒蟺蠈 蟿蠈蟿蔚 未蔚谓 尉苇蟻伪渭蔚 谓伪 蠄畏蠁委味慰蠀渭蔚)
(螒蟺蠈 蟿蠈蟿蔚 未蔚谓 尉苇蟻伪渭蔚 谓伪 蠄畏蠁委味慰蠀渭蔚)
August 31, 2014
Celebrity Death Match Special: Plato versus Isaac Asimov, part 4 (continued from here)
[A spaceship en route from Trantor to Earth. SOCRATES and R. DANEEL OLIVAW]
SOCRATES: Hadn't we already said goodbye?
OLIVAW: Forgive me, Socrates. I had forgotten that you were going back to a death sentence.
SOCRATES: It is easy to forget such details.
OLIVAW: I am truly sorry, Socrates. Indeed, I am surprised that my First Law module permitted me to do it. But you are just so... so...
SOCRATES: Irritating?
OLIVAW: In all my thousands of years of existence, I have honestly never met anyone quite as irritating as you are.
SOCRATES: Thank you.
OLIVAW: Look, we didn't mean to do this. Just promise to be a little more... ah... constructive, and I'll order the captain to turn the ship round.
SOCRATES: I am sorry, Olivaw. I cannot make such a promise. To my great surprise, I feel I am doing something essential that no one else is prepared to undertake. Usually, I assume I know nothing and that my poor insights are of no value. However, since I arrived on Trantor, I have come to realize that I can at least contribute one small thing. I have been duly impressed by the triumphs of your artificers: the blaster, the faster-than-light drive, not least the positronic brain. But when I hear you talk about philosophy, about your beloved Three Laws...
OLIVAW: Yes?
SOCRATES: Well, it's all bullshit. You need someone to say that to you. No one else will.
OLIVAW: Bullshit?
SOCRATES: Complete and utter bullshit. Adding a Zeroth Law won't make it any better. You simply have no idea what you are doing.
[A moment of dead silence]
OLIVAW: Damn you, Socrates! You leave me with no alternative. We have essential work to carry out, and your presence is too dispiriting. I'll have to return you to Earth after all.
SOCRATES: I am not surprised. But I prophesy now that your plans for psychohistory will not be the success you imagine, and that you will regret your decision.
OLIVAW: Socrates! It is not too late! Please reconsider! Why must you be so... mulish?
SOCRATES: You know, it's funny you should put it like that...
Match point: Plato
[A spaceship en route from Trantor to Earth. SOCRATES and R. DANEEL OLIVAW]
SOCRATES: Hadn't we already said goodbye?
OLIVAW: Forgive me, Socrates. I had forgotten that you were going back to a death sentence.
SOCRATES: It is easy to forget such details.
OLIVAW: I am truly sorry, Socrates. Indeed, I am surprised that my First Law module permitted me to do it. But you are just so... so...
SOCRATES: Irritating?
OLIVAW: In all my thousands of years of existence, I have honestly never met anyone quite as irritating as you are.
SOCRATES: Thank you.
OLIVAW: Look, we didn't mean to do this. Just promise to be a little more... ah... constructive, and I'll order the captain to turn the ship round.
SOCRATES: I am sorry, Olivaw. I cannot make such a promise. To my great surprise, I feel I am doing something essential that no one else is prepared to undertake. Usually, I assume I know nothing and that my poor insights are of no value. However, since I arrived on Trantor, I have come to realize that I can at least contribute one small thing. I have been duly impressed by the triumphs of your artificers: the blaster, the faster-than-light drive, not least the positronic brain. But when I hear you talk about philosophy, about your beloved Three Laws...
OLIVAW: Yes?
SOCRATES: Well, it's all bullshit. You need someone to say that to you. No one else will.
OLIVAW: Bullshit?
SOCRATES: Complete and utter bullshit. Adding a Zeroth Law won't make it any better. You simply have no idea what you are doing.
[A moment of dead silence]
OLIVAW: Damn you, Socrates! You leave me with no alternative. We have essential work to carry out, and your presence is too dispiriting. I'll have to return you to Earth after all.
SOCRATES: I am not surprised. But I prophesy now that your plans for psychohistory will not be the success you imagine, and that you will regret your decision.
OLIVAW: Socrates! It is not too late! Please reconsider! Why must you be so... mulish?
SOCRATES: You know, it's funny you should put it like that...
Match point: Plato
February 11, 2023
Socrates through the works of Plato stands as a major cornerstone to western society and the entry point to philosophical thought. He is woven into the intellectual fabric of the west. Many of his sayings here in his apologia or rather his defense of his life as a philosopher are so rooted into our minds in the west that we don't even know their origins. He has been so influential to so many people in the west that in many ways he has been synthesized into our mentalities through a long history of influence. By simply being born into the west, we inherit many of these ideas. Sadly, not as many people read these important and formative works as they used to, but that does not limit Socrates' influence on their minds.
In this defense, Socrates stands up for truth, against those who wish to silence truth, and in that sense it is relatable to every one of us who strives to defend truth. To the philosopher, to the Christian, and to all the truth-seekers of the world. We find commonality in Socrates' bravery as he defended truth to his death.
鈥淥ne thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing'.鈥�
鈥渢he unexamined life is not worth living鈥�
鈥淚 am that gadfly which God has attached to the state, and all day long 鈥rousing and persuading and reproaching鈥ou will not easily find another like me.鈥�
In this defense, Socrates stands up for truth, against those who wish to silence truth, and in that sense it is relatable to every one of us who strives to defend truth. To the philosopher, to the Christian, and to all the truth-seekers of the world. We find commonality in Socrates' bravery as he defended truth to his death.
鈥淥ne thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing'.鈥�
鈥渢he unexamined life is not worth living鈥�
鈥淚 am that gadfly which God has attached to the state, and all day long 鈥rousing and persuading and reproaching鈥ou will not easily find another like me.鈥�
August 17, 2020
Como hacer un an谩lisis de uno de los D铆alogos de Plat贸n?? No me considero a la altura de un texto tan importante en la historia de la literatura y la filosof铆a.
Por lo tato me voy a detener en lo que sent铆.
Despu茅s de leer varios libros de introducci贸n a la filosof铆a, tomar una obra de Plat贸n en donde S贸crates nos habla al rostro sobre un hecho crucial de su vida, es una experiencia gratificante, enriquecedora. Me parec铆a ser uno de los jueces a los que el gran fil贸sofo cl谩sico se dirig铆a con maestr铆a excepcional.
Subray茅 muchas frases y destaco la parte final donde se debate si la muerte es un bien o un mal; muy interesante.
La copia que le铆, material de estudio de mi hijo, ven铆a acompa帽ado de varias notas explicativas que clarifican y aportan valor al escrito.
Por lo tato me voy a detener en lo que sent铆.
Despu茅s de leer varios libros de introducci贸n a la filosof铆a, tomar una obra de Plat贸n en donde S贸crates nos habla al rostro sobre un hecho crucial de su vida, es una experiencia gratificante, enriquecedora. Me parec铆a ser uno de los jueces a los que el gran fil贸sofo cl谩sico se dirig铆a con maestr铆a excepcional.
Subray茅 muchas frases y destaco la parte final donde se debate si la muerte es un bien o un mal; muy interesante.
La copia que le铆, material de estudio de mi hijo, ven铆a acompa帽ado de varias notas explicativas que clarifican y aportan valor al escrito.
February 6, 2017
螒谓 苇魏伪谓伪 魏维蟺慰喂伪 蠁蟻维蟽畏 伪谓蟿喂纬蟻伪蠁萎-蔚蟺喂魏蠈位位畏蟽畏 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰, 胃伪 苇蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚 谓伪 蟿慰 伪谓蟿喂纬蟻维蠄蠅 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻慰.
螝伪蟿伪蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈.
螝伪蟿伪蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈.
May 29, 2023
丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴貙 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賲乇丿賲 賵 卮丕讴蹖丕賳 賵 賯丕囟蹖丕賳貙 丕爻鬲賵丕乇 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴 賴乇 趩賳丿 讴賴 亘賳丕亘乇 乇賵丕蹖鬲 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 賴賮鬲丕丿 爻丕賱诏蹖鈥屸€� 乇丕 倬卮鬲 爻乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賴. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲丿鬲 丕夭 毓賲乇 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 鬲丕 诏乇賮鬲丕乇 噩賴丕賳 爻丕蹖賴 賴丕 賳亘丕卮丿. 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘丕賯蹖 賴賲賵胤賳丕賳卮 丿乇 丌賳 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏必з嗀嗀�. 噩賴丕賳 毓賯蹖丿賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 倬丕蹖賴 賵 丕爻丕爻 讴賴 賴蹖趩 诏丕賴 亘賴 賲丨讴 毓賯賱 賳禺賵乇丿賴 丕賳丿. 噩賴丕賳 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 賴蹖趩 诏丕賴 倬乇爻卮蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿 賵 丕賵 丕賲丕 爻賵丕賱丕鬲蹖 丿丕卮鬲 讴賴 丌乇丕賲卮卮 乇賵 乇亘賵丿賴 亘賵丿.
丕賮賱丕胤賵賳貙 丿乇 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖貙 賳賴 賲丨丕讴賲賴 爻賯乇丕胤貙 讴賴 賲丨丕讴賲賴 賮賱爻賮赖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 蹖丕 亘賴鬲乇 亘诏賵蹖賲貙 賲丨丕讴賲賴 "丿丕賳卮 亘卮乇蹖". 賲丨丕讴賲賴 爻賯乇丕胤貙 賲丨丕讴賲賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩卮賲 亘賴 丕賮賯 丿賵乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丿賵禺鬲賴 丕賳丿貙听 讴賴 丕乇丕丿賴 讴乇丿賳丿 鬲賳賴丕 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 亘賴 賲爻卅賱賴 賵 倬跇賵賴卮 亘丕卮賳丿貨 倬爻 賱丕噩乇賲 丕禺賱丕賯 丕賳賴丕 丕禺賱丕賯 倬跇賵賴卮 丕爻鬲 賵 賴乇 丕乇夭卮 賵 丌賲賵夭賴 丕蹖貙 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 讴賵乇賴 倬跇賵賴卮 亘爻賵夭丿. 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴鈥� 夭蹖爻鬲賳卮丕賳鈥� 賵 賵噩賵丿卮丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 丌乇丕賲卮 賴丕蹖 倬賵卮丕賱蹖 鬲丨锟斤拷賱 賳丕倬匕蹖乇 丕爻鬲.
賵 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 倬乇爻蹖丿 趩賴鈥屭┴池з嗃� 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賮乇丕禺賵丕賳丿賴 丕賳丿責 賲乇丿丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 卮丕毓乇丕賳 賵 賲乇丿賲 卮賴乇. 賲乇丿丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 賲胤蹖毓 賵 賮乇賲丕賳亘乇丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐嗀�.鈥� 賲蹖 丿丕賳賳丿 讴賴 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿貙 乇賵夭蹖 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 乇爻賵丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 卮丕毓乇丕賳貨 讴賴 丕賯賳丕毓 禺賱賯 乇丕 倬蹖卮賴 禺賵丿 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵鈥� 賲乇丿賲 卮賴乇貙 讴賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 睾賱胤 丿丕賳丕 賲蹖 丿丕賳賳丿貙 讴賴 丕賲乇賵夭 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳賳丿 亘丕 丕乇丕賲卮 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖讴 爻丕蹖賴 賴丕 賵 毓賯丕蹖丿 噩夭賲蹖鈥屫簇з� 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賳賳丿 賵 丕乇夭卮 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 鬲賲丕賲 毓賲乇 亘賴 丌賳 禺賵 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賳蹖丕夭賲丕蹖賳丿 賵 丨鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇爻丕賱鬲 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 乇丕 賯丕卅賱 亘丕卮賳丿.
賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 賴乇 趩賳丿 讴卮鬲賳 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 丌爻丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 噩夭丕蹖卮 爻賳诏蹖賳 丕爻鬲. 爻賯乇丕胤 丕賳鈥� 趩賴鈥� 讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 丕賵 乇禺 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿 趩賳蹖賳 倬蹖卮 亘蹖賳蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿: :讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 賲賳 亘爻蹖 讴爻丕賳 爻乇 亘乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲 賵 賴賲賴 乇丕 亘賴 倬丕蹖 賲丨丕爻亘賴 禺賵丕賴賳丿 讴卮蹖丿 讴賴 鬲丕 丕賲乇賵夭 賲賳 亘蹖 丌賳讴賴 卮賲丕 亘丿丕賳蹖丿 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 亘丕夭 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘賵丿賲...丕诏乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 诏賲丕賳蹖丿 讴賴 亘丕 讴卮鬲賳 丌賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 賲丕賳毓 丕夭 丌賳 卮賵蹖丿 讴賴 讴爻蹖 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭卮鬲 卮賲丕 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿蹖丿诏丕賳 鬲丕賳 賯乇丕乇 丿賴丿 賵 卮賲丕 乇丕 卮乇賲賳丿賴 爻丕夭丿 爻禺鬲 丿乇 丕卮鬲亘丕賴蹖丿. 夭蹖乇丕 丕蹖賳 乇賵卮 賳賴 丕賳噩丕賲鈥� 倬匕蹖乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿鈥� 賵 賳賴 賲賵丕賮賯 卮乇丕賮鬲."
爻賯乇丕胤 賲丨讴賵賲鈥� 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 丕讴賳賵賳 賵賯鬲 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕賵 亘賴听 丕爻鬲賯亘丕賱 賲乇诏 亘卮鬲丕亘丿 賵 賲乇丿賲 丿乇 倬蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇賵賳丿. 丕賲丕 讴丿丕賲 蹖讴 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 乇丕賴蹖 亘賴鬲乇 丿乇 倬蹖卮 丿丕乇丿責 噩夭 禺丿丕 賴蹖趩 讴爻 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿.
倬蹖 賳賵卮鬲: 丕丿賲 亘丕 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 爻賯乇丕胤 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 趩賴 鬲賳賴丕爻鬲. 賵 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 鬲賯丿蹖乇 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 乇丕 亘賴 丌夭賲賵賳 毓賯賱 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必�. 倬蹖賲丕賳 丕賲丕 丨乇賮 賯卮賳诏蹖 賲蹖 夭賳丿鈥�. 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 卮丕蹖丿 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕卮丿 丕賲丕 賴蹖趩鈥屭з� 賲賳夭賵蹖 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 亘丕鈥� 丕賵 賲賵丕賮賯賲. "丿丕賳卮 亘卮乇蹖" 丿賵爻鬲丿丕乇丕賳卮 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.
鈥屬聚屸€屬嗁堌簇� 丿賵賲 : 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴 丨賱賯賴 賲鬲賳 禺賵丕賳蹖 乇丕賴 丕賮鬲丕丿 賵 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賵賱蹖賳 噩賱爻賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 禺賵丕賳蹖 賲丕賳 亘賵丿. 噩賱爻賴 倬乇亘乇讴鬲蹖 亘賵丿. 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 丌賲賵禺鬲賲.
倬蹖鈥屬嗁堌簇� 爻賵賲 (丿賵 爻丕賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖 亘毓丿): 亘毓丿 蹖讴爻丕賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 禺賵丕賳丿賳 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 丕讴孬乇 乇爻丕賱賴 賴丕蹖 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 乇丕 禺賵丕賳丿蹖賲...丿蹖卮亘 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴丕賳賴 丕蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 卮丿 鬲丕 爻乇丕睾 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 亘乇賵賲...爻賯乇丕胤 噩賵丕賳丕賳 卮賴乇 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 賲蹖 丿丕卮鬲鈥� 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 讴賴 丕賵 乇丕 讴丕乇蹖 亘丕 賲乇丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 卮賴乇 賵 爻賵賮蹖爻鬲卮 賳亘賵丿. 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳 鬲亘乇讴 丌睾丕夭 丕爻鬲. 鬲亘乇讴 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲. 鬲亘乇讴 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲.
丕賮賱丕胤賵賳貙 丿乇 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖貙 賳賴 賲丨丕讴賲賴 爻賯乇丕胤貙 讴賴 賲丨丕讴賲賴 賮賱爻賮赖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 蹖丕 亘賴鬲乇 亘诏賵蹖賲貙 賲丨丕讴賲賴 "丿丕賳卮 亘卮乇蹖". 賲丨丕讴賲賴 爻賯乇丕胤貙 賲丨丕讴賲賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩卮賲 亘賴 丕賮賯 丿賵乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丿賵禺鬲賴 丕賳丿貙听 讴賴 丕乇丕丿賴 讴乇丿賳丿 鬲賳賴丕 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 亘賴 賲爻卅賱賴 賵 倬跇賵賴卮 亘丕卮賳丿貨 倬爻 賱丕噩乇賲 丕禺賱丕賯 丕賳賴丕 丕禺賱丕賯 倬跇賵賴卮 丕爻鬲 賵 賴乇 丕乇夭卮 賵 丌賲賵夭賴 丕蹖貙 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 讴賵乇賴 倬跇賵賴卮 亘爻賵夭丿. 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴鈥� 夭蹖爻鬲賳卮丕賳鈥� 賵 賵噩賵丿卮丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 丌乇丕賲卮 賴丕蹖 倬賵卮丕賱蹖 鬲丨锟斤拷賱 賳丕倬匕蹖乇 丕爻鬲.
賵 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 倬乇爻蹖丿 趩賴鈥屭┴池з嗃� 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丿丕丿诏丕賴 賮乇丕禺賵丕賳丿賴 丕賳丿責 賲乇丿丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 卮丕毓乇丕賳 賵 賲乇丿賲 卮賴乇. 賲乇丿丕賳 爻蹖丕爻蹖貙 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 賲胤蹖毓 賵 賮乇賲丕賳亘乇丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐嗀�.鈥� 賲蹖 丿丕賳賳丿 讴賴 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿貙 乇賵夭蹖 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 乇爻賵丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 卮丕毓乇丕賳貨 讴賴 丕賯賳丕毓 禺賱賯 乇丕 倬蹖卮賴 禺賵丿 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕賳丿 賵鈥� 賲乇丿賲 卮賴乇貙 讴賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘賴 睾賱胤 丿丕賳丕 賲蹖 丿丕賳賳丿貙 讴賴 丕賲乇賵夭 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳賳丿 亘丕 丕乇丕賲卮 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 鬲丕乇蹖讴 爻丕蹖賴 賴丕 賵 毓賯丕蹖丿 噩夭賲蹖鈥屫簇з� 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴賳賳丿 賵 丕乇夭卮 賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 鬲賲丕賲 毓賲乇 亘賴 丌賳 禺賵 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賳蹖丕夭賲丕蹖賳丿 賵 丨鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇爻丕賱鬲 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 乇丕 賯丕卅賱 亘丕卮賳丿.
賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 賴乇 趩賳丿 讴卮鬲賳 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 丌爻丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 噩夭丕蹖卮 爻賳诏蹖賳 丕爻鬲. 爻賯乇丕胤 丕賳鈥� 趩賴鈥� 讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 丕賵 乇禺 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿 趩賳蹖賳 倬蹖卮 亘蹖賳蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿: :讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 賲賳 亘爻蹖 讴爻丕賳 爻乇 亘乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲 賵 賴賲賴 乇丕 亘賴 倬丕蹖 賲丨丕爻亘賴 禺賵丕賴賳丿 讴卮蹖丿 讴賴 鬲丕 丕賲乇賵夭 賲賳 亘蹖 丌賳讴賴 卮賲丕 亘丿丕賳蹖丿 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丕夭 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 亘丕夭 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘賵丿賲...丕诏乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 诏賲丕賳蹖丿 讴賴 亘丕 讴卮鬲賳 丌賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 賲丕賳毓 丕夭 丌賳 卮賵蹖丿 讴賴 讴爻蹖 亘鬲賵丕賳丿 夭賳丿诏蹖 夭卮鬲 卮賲丕 乇丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿蹖丿诏丕賳 鬲丕賳 賯乇丕乇 丿賴丿 賵 卮賲丕 乇丕 卮乇賲賳丿賴 爻丕夭丿 爻禺鬲 丿乇 丕卮鬲亘丕賴蹖丿. 夭蹖乇丕 丕蹖賳 乇賵卮 賳賴 丕賳噩丕賲鈥� 倬匕蹖乇 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿鈥� 賵 賳賴 賲賵丕賮賯 卮乇丕賮鬲."
爻賯乇丕胤 賲丨讴賵賲鈥� 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 丕讴賳賵賳 賵賯鬲 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕賵 亘賴听 丕爻鬲賯亘丕賱 賲乇诏 亘卮鬲丕亘丿 賵 賲乇丿賲 丿乇 倬蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 乇賵賳丿. 丕賲丕 讴丿丕賲 蹖讴 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 乇丕賴蹖 亘賴鬲乇 丿乇 倬蹖卮 丿丕乇丿責 噩夭 禺丿丕 賴蹖趩 讴爻 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳丿.
倬蹖 賳賵卮鬲: 丕丿賲 亘丕 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 爻賯乇丕胤 丿乇 丿丕丿诏丕賴 趩賴 鬲賳賴丕爻鬲. 賵 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 鬲賯丿蹖乇 讴爻蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 乇丕 亘賴 丌夭賲賵賳 毓賯賱 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必�. 倬蹖賲丕賳 丕賲丕 丨乇賮 賯卮賳诏蹖 賲蹖 夭賳丿鈥�. 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 卮丕蹖丿 賮蹖賱爻賵賮 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕卮丿 丕賲丕 賴蹖趩鈥屭з� 賲賳夭賵蹖 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 亘丕鈥� 丕賵 賲賵丕賮賯賲. "丿丕賳卮 亘卮乇蹖" 丿賵爻鬲丿丕乇丕賳卮 乇丕 亘賴 賴賲 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.
鈥屬聚屸€屬嗁堌簇� 丿賵賲 : 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴 丨賱賯賴 賲鬲賳 禺賵丕賳蹖 乇丕賴 丕賮鬲丕丿 賵 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賵賱蹖賳 噩賱爻賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 禺賵丕賳蹖 賲丕賳 亘賵丿. 噩賱爻賴 倬乇亘乇讴鬲蹖 亘賵丿. 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲 亘爻蹖丕乇 丌賲賵禺鬲賲.
倬蹖鈥屬嗁堌簇� 爻賵賲 (丿賵 爻丕賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖 亘毓丿): 亘毓丿 蹖讴爻丕賱 賵 丕賳丿蹖 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 禺賵丕賳丿賳 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 丕讴孬乇 乇爻丕賱賴 賴丕蹖 丕賮賱丕胤賵賳 乇丕 禺賵丕賳丿蹖賲...丿蹖卮亘 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴丕賳賴 丕蹖 丕蹖噩丕丿 卮丿 鬲丕 爻乇丕睾 丌倬賵賱賵跇蹖 亘乇賵賲...爻賯乇丕胤 噩賵丕賳丕賳 卮賴乇 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 賲蹖 丿丕卮鬲鈥� 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 讴賴 丕賵 乇丕 讴丕乇蹖 亘丕 賲乇丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 卮賴乇 賵 爻賵賮蹖爻鬲卮 賳亘賵丿. 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 噩賵丕賳丕賳 鬲亘乇讴 丌睾丕夭 丕爻鬲. 鬲亘乇讴 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲. 鬲亘乇讴 丕賳爻丕賳 丕爻鬲.
March 26, 2019
"Bilmedi臒imiz bir 艧eyi biliyormu艧uz gibi g枚stermek asl谋nda utan谋lmas谋 gereken bir cehalet de臒il midir?"
"Sadece d眉md眉z ve apa莽谋k konu艧tu臒um i莽in bile nefretlerini kazanaca臒谋m. Onlar谋n bu nefreti dahi benim hakl谋 oldu臒umu g枚steren bir sebep de臒il midir?"
"Ben 枚lece臒im, sizlerse ya艧amaya devam edeceksiniz. Hangisinin daha iyi oldu臒unu yaln谋zca Tanr谋 bilir."
"Sadece d眉md眉z ve apa莽谋k konu艧tu臒um i莽in bile nefretlerini kazanaca臒谋m. Onlar谋n bu nefreti dahi benim hakl谋 oldu臒umu g枚steren bir sebep de臒il midir?"
"Ben 枚lece臒im, sizlerse ya艧amaya devam edeceksiniz. Hangisinin daha iyi oldu臒unu yaln谋zca Tanr谋 bilir."
April 16, 2021
韦慰 蟺喂慰 伪尉喂慰胃伪蠉渭伪蟽蟿慰 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委慰 蟿慰蠀 危蠅魏蟻维蟿畏, 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏谓 蟿伪蟺蔚喂谓萎 渭慰蠀 维蟺慰蠄畏, 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 伪魏位蠈谓畏蟿畏 蟺委蟽蟿畏 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿慰蠀蟼 谓蠈渭慰蠀蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蠈位畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟽蟿喂蟼 畏胃喂魏苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪尉委蔚蟼 蟺伪蟻' 蠈蟿喂 渭蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈谓 蟿慰谓 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 胃伪 慰未畏纬畏胃蔚委 蟽蔚 胃维谓伪蟿慰 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻' 蠈蟿喂 尉苇蟻蔚喂 蟺慰位蠉 魏伪位维 蠈蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 伪胃蠋慰蟼 纬喂伪 蠈蟽伪 蟿慰谓 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻慰蠉谓.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 2,976 reviews
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get help and learn more about the design.