Shirley Jackson was an influential American author. A popular writer in her time, her work has received increasing attention from literary critics in recent years. She has influenced such writers as Stephen King, Nigel Kneale, and Richard Matheson.
She is best known for her dystopian short story, "The Lottery" (1948), which suggests there is a deeply unsettling underside to bucolic, smalltown America. In her critical biography of Shirley Jackson, Lenemaja Friedman notes that when Shirley Jackson's story "The Lottery" was published in the June 28, 1948, issue of The New Yorker, it received a response that "no New Yorker story had ever received." Hundreds of letters poured in that were characterized by, as Jackson put it, "bewilderment, speculation and old-fashioned abuse."
Jackson's husband, the literary critic Stanley Edgar Hyman, wrote in his preface to a posthumous anthology of her work that "she consistently refused to be interviewed, to explain or promote her work in any fashion, or to take public stands and be the pundit of the Sunday supplements. She believed that her books would speak for her clearly enough over the years." Hyman insisted the darker aspects of Jackson's works were not, as some critics claimed, the product of "personal, even neurotic, fantasies", but that Jackson intended, as "a sensitive and faithful anatomy of our times, fitting symbols for our distressing world of the concentration camp and the Bomb", to mirror humanity's Cold War-era fears. Jackson may even have taken pleasure in the subversive impact of her work, as revealed by Hyman's statement that she "was always proud that the Union of South Africa banned The Lottery', and she felt that they at least understood the story".
In 1965, Jackson died of heart failure in her sleep, at her home in North Bennington Vermont, at the age of 48.
Jackson鈥檚 story was published in 1948. At the time, and since, it has been praised as insightful and criticised as obscure. But almost 20 years later, the French philosopher, Rene Girard, produced a theory which has a remarkable congruence with its theme and, I think, provides the best explanation of what Jackson was getting at in The Lottery.
Girard argued that our individual desires are never the product of some inner longing but always rather of the imitation of others. We want what other people want. This he called 鈥榤imetic desire鈥� and Girard went on to explore the implications of this insight for the next half century.
Mimetic desire, according to Girard, has a predictable trajectory that is familiar to advertising executives around the world. One person wants what another has, just because the other has it. This attracts the desire of others in a sort of exponential wave of wanting.
But widespread wanting of anything means, first, a shortage of that commodity, and consequently the mutual antagonism of all those who share the same desire. Girard鈥檚 contention is that this incipient hostility threatens to create a sort of Hobbesian world, a non-society, in which no cooperative or coordinated action, including effective government, can be established.
Human beings, Girard believed, deal with this situation unconsciously and instinctively by the mechanism of 鈥榮cape-goating鈥�, through which a group identifies one of its own members as the cause of its mimetic tension. This individual is both sacred and an object of communal hatred. The elimination of this individual is therefore not just necessary for the welfare of the community, but also forms the basis of religious practice in which the role of the scape-goat is transformed into a noble duty.
Girard goes even further in his later work to claim that the ritual establishment of the scape-goat is the most primitive form of representation, and consequently of language, that human beings have demonstrated. In a sense the essential foundation for human power in the world is religious violence which victimizes random members or groups in modern society.
Whether or not one agrees with Girard鈥檚 anthropology, and there is a substantial body of evidence to recommend it, his literary usefulness is demonstrated by the application of his theory to The Lottery. The theory explains, among other things the liturgical character of the story; its origins in a distant past; its particular relevance to a relatively isolated agricultural community; and its connection to a paternalistic hierarchy whose continued existence depends on the ritual.
As far as I am aware, Girard did not read The Lottery; but since he was in America at the time he might have done. In any case, it is certainly remarkable that an author of fiction like Jackson could have written such a tight short story which captures so much of subsequent academic work. Thus demonstrating, if demonstration were needed, the tremendous importance of fiction to cultural life.
Villagers gather at the town square, in an idyllic fictional small town, to participate in an age-old ritual of 鈥淭he Lottery鈥�! Children collect stones, not to build or play, but for a more diabolical plan! 鈽� Pieces of paper are stored in a black wooden box. The colour black, foreshadows, something ominous! But none can guess. Chits are pulled out, by one, by all, but lightning falls on one of the housewives. She pulls out a chit with a black mark, And what follows is fiendish, alas! 鈽� She begs, she pleads, she calls it unfair, but a ritual is a ritual, and needs to be executed for all. Please read for yourself to know! 馃槉 (no-spoilers)
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This Shirley Jackson鈥檚(SJ) story, published in 1948, is 鈥渄evastatingly shockingly dramatically intricately edifying鈥�
Lottery, is an age-old tradition, followed with a superstition of- 鈥淟ottery in June, corn be heavy soon鈥� The fertility of corn has been linked with the lottery. The ghoulish result of the lottery, is considered to bring auspiciousness and growth! A superstition, which people have been following, without questioning, or fighting against it!
In today鈥檚 world, out of peer pressure, in any of the set-ups:-be it in school or office, house or market, humans follow each other impetuously- 鈥渢he herd mentality鈥�, without questioning the wrong or right! This has been infallibly reflected upon by SJ! We end up following traditions, protocols, without pondering, without questioning ourselves. If the rules/protocols, are valid, and good for the self/society or not?
In the plot, no one is contrite, but roguishly participates in the ordeal, blindly, recklessly! In my view, the huge group participating in the lottery, is a metaphor for democracy! SJ, has dawned upon us all, a question on conscious mindful living, and how democracy can also fail, devastatingly! We end up reading a lot on totalitarianism, and so on and so forth. The Lottery, made me to question myself, the blindness of the herd mentality, that democracy brings along.
Democracy, in all plausibility, can render as a complete failure, when the people involved are blind, unconscious and uneducated about right and wrong. A good education and reformative ways, are the necessary pillars of a democracy, for it to function smoothly! Democracy should capacitate, it鈥檚 populace to live consciously and fearlessly. I know it may sound lame, that I am linking democracy with 鈥淭he Lottery鈥�, but I felt, that鈥檚 what SJ also tried all of us to reflect on!
This reading left me emotionally knackered and jaded, considering, the premise in which I started reading, all gaiety and hearty, but the unexpected ending, left me to dwell in Jackson鈥檚 mind for few days, to try and think what and how she thought! (Trying to keep away from spoilers, which is really tough in a short story of this capacity).
I was agog from the first page till the last. I conjectured the plot to be hackneyed, as the title suggests, but I was left gob-smacked! Why Shirley Jackson, would decoy the readers with an alluring title, into a horrendous ending? But the plot, offers a good bunch of learnings, which makes it worth the read! A well-deserved 4-stars. Docking a star, just for the rapid, sudden ending (though nothing felt contrived, but is definitely crisp and nuanced!).
I felt the story, is a 鈥渞equiem of the evils of superstition and herd-mentality鈥�!! Not one, but all are culpable, in the plot!
I wish if SJ would have worked on the short and rapid ending, and made it a bit more detailed. This would have allowed the savage-blow and the fluttering hearts to return to the wonted quietude! 馃槉 It would have helped the reader to easily reflect more, on the superstitions/societal failures and causes!
Seriously, I could have never dreamt about the imminent diabolical ending 馃槉 Special thanks, to an avid-reader friend, Rosh, for suggesting the story!!
A short story with a nasty sting that leaves you questioning human nature. I also note now that this is my review #666 (or was before I rewrote it in 2023).
It opens idyllically: 鈥�The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the village square鈥�鈥�.
It鈥檚 the annual public lottery in a small farming community, but there is vague foreshadowing of some darker taboo: the boys are boisterous, the girls reserved, and the men tell jokes without laughing. Further unease comes from the setting being both familiar and non-specific: past or future, USA or elsewhere, and are religion or political regime factors?
It's a lottery no one wants to win. What made this especially unsettling is that there is no reason for the lottery beyond that of tradition, and a vague link to hopes of a good harvest. 鈥�There's always been a lottery.鈥� 鈥�Much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded.鈥� The participants don鈥檛 know much about the origins, nor seem to care. It鈥檚 universally known, but reluctantly accepted: they鈥檙e inured to it. What little challenge there is, is quickly quashed. The power of crowds, consensus, community, or mob?
Image: A hand, brandishing a stone ()
What would you do?
We like to think we鈥檙e good people, who would only do cruel things in extremis, when there is no alternative. Jackson鈥檚 story suggests the threshold may be much lower if the right/wrong environment is set up. This was published shortly after WW2. Perhaps she was wondering how previously ordinary people came to commit atrocities.
Quotes
鈥� 鈥淭he original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago鈥� There was a story that the present box had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded it.鈥�
鈥� 鈥溾€楾hey do say,鈥� Mr Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to him, 鈥榯hat over in the north village they're talking of giving up the lottery.鈥� Old Man Warner snorted. 鈥楶ack of crazy fools,鈥� he said. 鈥楲istening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any more, live that way for a while.鈥欌€�
鈥� 鈥淎ll of us took the same chance.鈥� [But random 鈮� fair]
See also
鈥� Ursula Le Guin鈥檚 The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas, which I reviewed HERE, also starts idyllically, before revealing something dark. However, their tradition is explicitly faith-based, not mindless application of tradition.
鈥� Kafka's short story, In the Penal Colony, which I reviewed HERE, is told by outsider, observing a strange and disturbing local custom. There is at least a reason, albeit a horribly twisted one.
鈥� I read Ralph Ellison鈥檚 A Party Down at the Square just last week, and reviewed it HERE. That also has a murderous mob in a town square, but is otherwise very different. That is horrifically targeted (race) whereas this is horrific for its randomness. Ellison was good friends of Jackson and her husband and was godfather to their youngest child. See Harvard Review, .
鈥� Susanne Collins鈥� The Hunger Games has a deadly lottery. I鈥檝e read only the first book and not seen the films, but my 2011 review, HERE, remains the one with the most comments and most vigorous debate.
鈥� The box, that probably has no original components, is like Stan Holloway鈥檚 鈥渞eal old original axe鈥� in the poem, Beefeater, .
鈥� Rather different, but a scene from Life of Brian, .
鈥� Jackson penned an essay about how she wrote the story (all at once, with minimal planning and editing, apparently), submitted it to the New Yorker (the only change they wanted was for the lottery date to match publication date), and how she was inundated with letters, mostly very critical, and often abusive. See .
The Lottery is a short story by Shirley Jackson written mere months before its first publication, in the June 26, 1948 issue of The NewYorker. The story describes a fictional small town which observes an annual ritual known as "the lottery". The Lottery details a long-established rite that culminates in murder.
What a creepy short story. It is my first encounter with the author although I've had We Have Always Lived in the Castle on my TBR for ages (2014). Hmm, I do not want to give spoilers so I will only say that the lottery, which takes place in a Small American town, is not your regular one and I am not sure anyone would like to win it.
Is it beneath the surface a story about free will, herd effect, traditions that are kept without being questioned? Yes, I believe so.
The DARK AND FORGOTTEN side of the First Day of a new Season!
An eerily quiet, but intensely creepy story - filled with primeval hints of a dark daylight ritual in the blazing June sun - which can only have its genesis in half-glimpsed murderous terrors we have all forgotten.
Towards the end of June each year, a primitive tom-tom seems to beat in our collective unconscious "like a human taxi, throbbing." It is the Summer Solstice. An awful time for sensitive hypochondriacs like me, who strive to keep ancient memories at bay.
Yet, the taxi is waiting. To take us to parts unknown!
So, in a village square in the American Midwest, a whole village's townspeople have left their fields, schools and kitchen for the annual main summer's event...
The Lottery.
The hamlet is all there gathered together, politely jocular yet subdued.
The townsfolk chat amiably, yet there is fear in their voices and glances.
The allotted time approaches, as the minute hands of the clock inch forward.
What can we expect? Something devilishly weird, maybe?
It sure seems Ms. Jackson has something up her sleeve!
Well, to address those suspicions let's check out our references in a look back at the traditional conducting of ancient midsummer celebrations:
This first one's from a book on modern witchcraft called Wicca, by Scott Cunningham: "Midsummer, the Summer Solstice, also known as Litha, arrives when the power of Nature achieves its highest point."
Shades of the Rite of Spring, maybe? And after this date, the world starts to descend more and more into the eventual Dark of Winter. A time of light and fertility going into a time of darkness and death.
And you'll note The Lottery is drawn here on June 27th.
During the Descent into Death.
OK - I think I've said enough to get your imagination going!
It's a slim story. It's cheap (or free if you get the PDF on the web). And it's a quick 'n spooky read.
This short story is my second classic short story this year and was first published in 1948, yet the story it told is timeless. It is also horrific.
The story begins in a happy, cheerful day late in June (the 27th) which is traditionally the day for the Lottery. This tradition has been going on annually for many years 鈥� even the oldest citizen in the town recalls that it had been occurring since before he could remember.
Although some people are talking about other nearby towns that no longer have the Lottery, the majority in this village seem to be traditionalists who feel that all kinds of bad things 鈥� including crop failures 鈥� would occur if they no longer held it.
This was all very interesting and then one woman starts to speak out strongly against the process when her husband holds the winning ticket. From there, each family member draws a new ticket and only one of them has a mark on it.
From bright to dark to darker and darkest.
For me, this story stands out as a caution; of what can happen when people blindly follow along with an idea or concept because it has always been done that way. It may be called duty or responsibility but it can also be called cowardice and going with the flow because it is the path of least resistance. It can also be called ignorance because no-one is giving thought to consequences, nor how they would feel if they were the ultimate 鈥渨inner鈥�.
This is not an enjoyable read, but for sheer power in the writing and the many thoughts and feelings it evokes, it definitely deserves 5 Stars.
I have always wanted to read this classic short story by the great Shirley Jackson. It was originally written in 1948 and contains some disturbing subject matter although subtly done.
I do get, "The Hunger Games" and "The Purge" vibes from it. There's a lot packed into this short story.
You can read it for free at this link and as an added bonus there's an audio to go with it! I thoroughly enjoyed the buildup and anticipation.
This seemingly innocuous short story wafted into my consciousness with a halcyon, pastoral scene: an English village on a summer's day, suffused with the scent of blossoming flowers and fresh-cut grass. I could almost taste the cucumber sandwiches and the jam scones. But there is a sub-level to the seemingly twee storyline. An allegory stealthily unfolds that immediately put me in mind of The Lord of the Flies. Shirley Jackson's fictitious village, like the island in William Golding's book, seems to serve as a microcosm of life. Her prose is crisp; the piece is very well written and .
El cuento es una aut茅ntica maravilla, pero eso ya lo saben todos los que lo han le铆do y 煤nicamente cabe invitar a los dem谩s a que pasen y lean. Pero no es esto lo que ven铆a a decir aqu铆.
El relato lo le铆 en la edici贸n de Cuentos escogidos que public贸 la editorial min煤scula. En este mismo volumen se recoge una conferencia de la autora acerca de la repercusi贸n que tuvo la publicaci贸n del cuento en The New Yorker. Una conferencia tan perturbadora como los relatos, en la que, al mismo tiempo que se nos recuerda aquello de lo que tanto nos avis贸 Carlo M. Cipolla sobre lo mucho que subestimamos la cantidad de est煤pidos que hay en toda 茅poca y lugar, tambi茅n nos se帽ala los niveles de crueldad latente que padece toda sociedad. El cuento parece as铆 extenderse m谩s all谩 de sus p谩ginas cediendo al mundo exterior la escritura de los p谩rrafos finales y dej谩ndonos as铆 un ep铆logo m谩s atroz si cabe que el desenlace del propio relato. Y es que no hay nada m谩s aterrador que saber que estamos rodeados de est煤pidos crueles.
A classic of stoic, gothic horror yet with a twist that leaves the reader thinking.
Like any great short story, this demonstrates the power of that medium by brutal efficiency. Subtle, but the Lottery also reveals Jackson's talent for characterization.
A chilling allegory: there is value in tradition but beware blind faith.
I went on a Twitter deep dive because I am in a reading slump. I decided to Twitter search the reactions to one of the New Yorker's most famous short stories, Cat Person. In so doing I found the story that wagged tongues to that extent before.
The reason for that was because, back in 1948, (and I guess the years bracketing that) The New Yorker published stories without showing whether they were fact or fiction. And my, isn't that an effective way to rouse the indignation of the middle class.
Before Cat Person, this was the story that created the most hubbub and according to thoughtco.com, It has been adapted for radio, theater, television, and even ballet. The Simpsons television show included a reference to the story in its "Dog of Death" episode (season three).
The Lottery is a story set in a small town in America. If that isn't enough to set your heart to dread... have you never seen any Hollywood horror movie? Everything happens in those small towns.
Jackson herself said, "[I wrote this] to shock the story's readers with a graphic demonstration of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives."
Well then Ms Jackson, mission accomplished.
PPS// The day this story is set, June 27, is my born day. I'm rightfully spooked af.
A short yet powerful exploration of human nature and the dangers of clinging to traditions without critical thought or compassion. Absolutely chilling.
*updated my rating from 4 to 5 stars because this story has stayed with me for years! I think about it all the time.
I鈥檝e got a thing for Shirley Jackson, it鈥檚 all a bit new, a bit exciting, some may say infatuated BUT after reading and really enjoying 鈥楲ife Among the Savages鈥� and now being enthralled by her short story The Lottery I am really liking this author (yes, new to me) in a big way.
This short story is a mysterious piece which culminates in an ending which was totally unexpected.
The residents of a small country town take part in an annual 鈥淟ottery鈥�. This involves a representative from each family drawing a paper from a box, the 鈥榳inner鈥� is the one who draws one with a black dot. The members of the 鈥榳inning鈥� family then re-draw with one of them becoming the ultimate winner by drawing the piece with the black dot.
The writing is kind of light and breezy, almost surreal. A bunch of rural punters exchanging banter, kids playing and everyone being as they congregate in the square for the drawing of the 鈥淟ottery鈥�.
But there is a very dark undertone throughout, for me this manifested in a feeling of unease, but I didn鈥檛 really know why, the writing is such that Jackson puts us somewhere we don鈥檛 expect, nor want to go. But I was there and suddenly, I was smacked in the mush 鈥� and left sitting on my butt, stunned.
There鈥檚 a real sense of quiet terror here, with a bunch of people, following an age-old tradition no matter what the cost. The theme of conforming, and following the mob is also apparent here 鈥� I am sure Jackson has countless other themes running through this nasty little piece 鈥� I am very much looking forward to learning more about this piece.
I will have to leave it at that. I loved this story, it鈥檚 such a powerful piece.
It can be found here: in the New Yorker (audio too).
Brilliant. While reading this I wondered if this little short piece of works was the inspiration for the Hunger Games and I see that I am not alone in this thinking as other reviewers have said the same thing as well.
For such a short story she sure packed in the suspense and feeling of dread. The anxiety of having to draw and be the one with the black dot on your paper.
I'm shocked. That was very disturbing and dark in the end, didn't notice it was coming. For me, this story showed people blindly follow along with an old idea or harmful tradition because it always has been done that way, so they have the right to think to continue doing this with passion. I think it was smart and very sarcastic that Jackson chose a woman as the winner at the end who spoke out strongly in defense of her husband.
A short and suspenseful cautionary tale demonstrating that observing traditions is not always a pleasant and favorable affair. Not as shocking as some modern day literary offerings, but it packs a lot of punch for such a short story.
Me sigue fascinando tanto como la primera vez. Incluso, me ha encantado much铆simo m谩s que antes.
Un cuento breve que deja sorprendido con el nivel de turbiedad que tiene. Es simplemente siniestro y escalofriante. Lo grandioso es que desde el inicio est谩n las pistas (arma Ch茅jov) sin que te lo esperes. Y con una relectura logra uno dar y conectar los detalles, simplemente impresionante. Lo am茅 y espero encontrar una lectura as铆 de sorprendente en alguna novela de Shirley Jackson. De verdad lo necesito.
鈥淚t isn't fair, it isn't right," 鈥� Shirley Jackson, The Lottery
My dad just watched this for the first time today.
For me, my first experience with The Lottery, came in High school. I never forgot it.
There are a rare few books out there I will not review. What could I possibly say to do them justice? What could I possibly say that millions before me have not already said?
This is one of the. It never left me. It embedded itself into my soul at such a young age. The horror-not in the classical "horror" sense. It was more a horror in the way it changes you. It changes one's perception of the world. It wraps itself inside you.
I left the room today as my dad watched it. I was not in the mood to rewatch. I listened though. I listened to the horror. I was transported way back, to the halls of my school and the nondescript classroom where I sat, impatient to get out of class as the teacher lowered the lighting and the film began to play.
It will not leave you untouched I don't think.
And now, decades later, my dad watched in horror. He had many questions for me. It had been so long--I could not answer all of them.
I will read more about others' reactions to this story. I rediscovered it and I am not sure how to feel about that. I know it will linger in the shadows of my mind as I sleep tonight.
How do you rate something that keeps you from sleeping?
I know that I thought it was brilliantly done; Jackson set the tone so well. She paints a bright, cheerful picture to start. It's a beautiful sunny day and the whole town is gathering, like for a town picnic. They're drawing for something, you think, I wonder what that is.
It's not until the 5th last paragraph that Jackson pulls the rug out from under your feet - and so quickly that I had to re-read the pivotal line about three times before I realized what was happening. When I did I was horrified.
It made me uncomfortable, gave me a terrible feeling in the pit of my stomach, and I didn't sleep well for days afterward. It was powerful, it was terrifying, but I'm not sure whether I liked it or not.
(And I can't believe they have kids read this story in high school).
Everyone should read this short story once in a lifetime. I read it in school and just finished my second reading. Of course, it had to have been better read the first time and as a teenager, but it certainly shows the dark side of Shirley Jackson. It was published in a magazine and earned her hate mail for the rest of her life. I鈥檓 about to put a sunnier book of hers in my queue and thought this would give some balance. Yes, she also wrote cute stories for magazines about her family living in North Bennington, VT.