Drawing on Dale Carnegie's years of experience as a business trainer this book will show you how to overcome the natural fear of public speaking, to become a successful speaker and even learn to enjoy it.
Dale Carnegie was an American writer and teacher of courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. Born into poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936), a bestseller that remains popular today. He also wrote How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (1948), Lincoln the Unknown (1932), and several other books. One of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other people's behavior by changing one's behavior towards them.
in the beginning of the book, it is said that many people are having difficulties with public speaking. the introduction encourage the readers to not feel ashamed about it; because some of the best speakers these days had also experienced it before their success. to be able to overcome weakness in public speaking, Dale Carnegie mentioned 4 essential things before explaining things further:
1. start with a strong and persistent desire
2. to know thoroughly what you are going to talk about
3. act confident
4. practice! practice! practice!
the author also said that most people who had difficulties in public speaking are caused by lack of confidence; that's why it's very important to develop confidence. so the book shares several things that helps build confidence while delivering speeches; such as the procedure of preparing a speech, how to improve your memory, how to deliver a good speech, how to open and close a talk, how to interest your audience, and also how to improve your diction. each part provides good and not so good examples that we can learn from. many good ones came from famous people such as Abraham Lincoln. those examples are discussed and the author point out the things that are important.
there are quotes in the book that really motivates me :) the first one is a quote by Elbert Hubbard (p.86). i'm only going to write a part of it, which says:
"Picture in your mind the able, earnest, useful person you desire to be, and the thought you hold is hourly transforming you into that particular individual ... Thought is supreme. Preserve a right mental attitude-the attitude of courage, frankness and good cheer. To think rightly is to create. All things come through desire and every sincere prayer is answered. We become like that on which our hearts are fixed." 鈾モ櫏鈾�
the second is a quote by Anon (p.100)
"If you think you are beaten, you are. If you think you dare not, you don't. If you'd like to win, but think you can't it's almost a cinch you won't. Life battles don't always go to the stronger or faster man; But soon or late the man who wins is the one who thinks he can."
i think that is a very motivational, poetic, beautiful quote. 鈾モ櫏鈾� i keep reading it over and over and still got that same amazed feeling 鈼犫€库棤 -- for me personally, i learned so many things about public speaking from the book. it almost feels like i'm reading a highschool textbook. the content is brilliant, but for me (personally) sometimes it gets boring :P but overall, this is still a very good book; especially for those who wants to improve their public speaking skills, this is definitely the book to read! (鉁库棤鈥库棤)
Wasn't too fond of this book to be really honest. That's not cause it was poorly written but because it wasn't what I was expecting at all. I bought this book for tips about gaining self-confidence, but instead I just got chapters upon chapters about famous people who enjoy public speaking. It wasn't helpful for me at all. But if you are looking for a book which talks about all the do's and don'ts of public speaking, definitely give it a go.
A doua cea mai mare fric膬 a omului, dup膬 frica de moarte e frica de a vorbi 卯n public. Dale Carnegie vorbe葯te foarte frumos 卯n aceast膬 carte despre cum putem s膬 ne preg膬tim un discurs 葯i despre aspectele esen葲iale de care s膬 葲inem cont. Mi-a pl膬cut c膬 insist膬 pe naturale葲e, spontaneitate 葯i creativitate, tras芒nd 卯n acela葯i timp 卯ns膬 葯i c芒teva linii ajut膬toare importante pentru preg膬tirea discursului.
I鈥檒l come right out and say that if you speak publicly in any way you need to grab this 96-year-old classic. Warren Buffet was in the middle of his Masters at Columbia when he spotted an ad in the paper for the Carnegie Public Speaking course. He paid the hundred bucks and to this day calls it the best investment he鈥檚 ever made. Pretty big claim from a guy who own $100B of Apple? 鈥淚 don鈥檛 have my diploma from the University of Nebraska hanging on my office wall and I don鈥檛 have my diploma from Columbia up there either 鈥� but I do have my Dale Carnegie graduation certificate proudly displayed,鈥� he says. It鈥檚 easy to see why. Carnegie's thoughts on public speaking are priceless. He wrote his first three books ever on the topic and delivers great messages with folksy charm. On Page 54 Carnegie teaches you how to end with an appeal for action, on Page 76 he teaches you how to write your speech down as a series of pictures to memorize, on Page 90 he explains the importance of writing out a pre-speech ritual, on Page 119 he talks about the benefits of standing versus sitting. I take so many elements from this book when I craft a speech and as live events return with a bang 鈥� thank goodness! we鈥檙e social apes! 鈥� I find myself revisiting this classic to see what I can improve. There's always a lot. Highly recommended.
Being a biggest fan of mr Carnegie I am听always charmed听to read him but an occasional time like sudden encounter听a听comet at western sky. For me,听Carnegie's every book is like antidote but not a random choice!听I always go or pick further next one whenever I feel its deepest catalysis听70% to 80% (or more than that) has been accumulated deep inside with actions because Carnegie's book has rich philosophy which needs to be emerged and grasped by psychology and formulated in action. However, this time I have been little disappointed by experiencing while I was going through this work because after 5th chapter it had been type of dry reading for me because the flow of its听electrostatic idea somehow听has been deteriorated as well lost its own way and was started to be exaggerated with vague听and unnecessary stuff at subject complexion which is a gigantic fall of idea for me and this work that wasn't absolutely expected from one of the great writer like Carnegie.听I'm going to give 3/5 for book.
The book blooms gradually like this way !听
Chapter 1听
#Increase courage and self confidence听
听Start with enthusiasm and听听Always find specific key of why you want to speak .
Breath 30 sec before you speak and calm down yourself
Always act that you are not afraid.听
Concentrate on your massages always听more than on yourself.听
Always plan before what you want to say.
The main key to gain confidence for speaking is to speak.
Chapter 2
#听How to open a talk
Start or open a speach with humor听
Ever never pretend yourself apologetic while speaking. It's very much crucial time for "F-I-R-S-T" 5 sec but it's very much difficult to keep public listening for next 5 minutes. Once you lost is lost, So always being something very much interesting with First sentence.
Always arise the curiosity听of audience and give them shock听with first sentence.听
Follow the magazine writer听
We can begin conversation with a story .
Begin with an illustration.听
Use any exhibit.听
Ask questions in order to make the people think and cooperate with you.
Always add a very simple, natural and interesting story.
Chapter 3
#How to close a talk.听
Always make plans for ending and not only one but 2 to 3 different strategies.
You have to understand of sensation of ending.听
Always ending speach with "some action needs to be done."
Close with sincere and optimistic compliments.听
"Always leave them laughing at the time of good bye.听"
Stop when people egear to listen you in order to increase people's hunger.
Chapter 4
听# Self-confidence Through Preparation听
Always think about the subject in your mind everytime ,live with it, sleep with it.
Don't attempt to cover every area of subject, instead of take one point and exaggerate.听
Make a schedule and sit to study for gathering information as much as possible.听
Chapter 5听
# How Famous Speakers Prepared Their Addresses听
听听听听听听1. State your facts.
听听听听听听2. Argue from them.
听听听听听听3. Appeal for action.
Many students of this course have found this plan very helpful and stimulating.
听 听听听听1. Show something that is wrong.
听听听听听听2. Show how to remedy it.
听听听听听听3. Ask for cooperation.
听 听听听听1. Here is a situation that ought to be remedied.
听听听听听听2. We ought to do so and so about the matter.
听 听听听听3. You ought to help for these reasons.
Or听
听 听 听听1. Secure interested attention.
听 听听听听2. Win confidence.
听听听听听听3. State your facts; educate people regarding the merits of your proposition.
听听听听听听4. Appeal to the motives that make men act.
How famous speakers prepared :
Write and record your speach and listen then correct听
Make notes
Practice alone and emerged yourself utterly and all the time.
Chapter 6听
# Essential Elements Of Successful Speaking听
#NIL
Chapter 7听
# The improvement of memory听
Meditation听every day
Observe very carefully as well examain (Accuracy)
Read out loud (Lincoln technic)
Outline, write it and visualize听
Mnemonic techniques (Mark tween)
How to memorize a long听book ?
REPETITION听- "The natural law of听remembering" Repet often enough, use it,听apply it, employ new words every day in conversation, call the strangers by his name, talk over the conversations the points to be needed in public address.听
The kind of repetition that counts听
Our memory actually works in intervals between repetition. Subconscious mind comes to听work in intervals to be refreshed.听
In order to remember thing we have to do intelligent repetition.听
Chapter 8听
The Secret Of Good Delivery听
Strees important words, subordinate unimportant once.
Moderate your pitch high to low and low to high.
Pause is very powerful and most important.
Pause before important idea, bend forward towards audience and look at their eyes directly then speak
Pause before stress word.
Pause before and after important ideas.
Chapter 10
# How to make your meaning clear听
The main goals of speaker are :
To make something clear
To impress and convince听
To get action听
To entertain听
Always plan about spech听
Selp understand is very much indispensable because going to get something understand to someone听
Be concrete, be specific, be definite is always makes clearness, impressiveness, and conviction.听
Be short and one point at a time. If you want to cover several phases then summarize briefly at the end!
Chapter 11听
# Improve your diction
Read whenever and wherever you get time.
Read Shakespeare and Bibel听
Read dictionary daily in twice听
Always note the new words and look up several time in a day in pocket听notebook. And听Memories听(daily 1).
Use thysus and memories synonyms and antonyms.听
Chapter 12听
# How To Interest your Audience听
Whenever talk, talk about themselves.听
Talk about people's interest not your own.
People are always interested in听 amusing听human story . (In details)
Always speak concrete and direct .
Always try to creat visual pictures by words.
Chapter 13
Capturing your audience at once听
#NIL
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Although this book may seem a little plain, I think that you can be sure you will get something from this book that you won鈥檛 regret in practice. If you need some ideas on how to make your public-speaking skills a little more colorful or to leave a greater impression on your listeners, this book can provide a good reference on how to do so.
Many of Dale Carnegie's book are ones you read in intervals since they are meant to teach, inpsire and hopefully for you to make changes in your life. With that said, it takes time and so, this book I've used more as a resource than reading all the way through.
I hate the fact that i can literally just see the summary pages of the book, compile them, only read them, and you have literally read the entirety of the book already.
I enjoyed reading the book, it gave a lot of tips and tricks into public speaking and how to be more self-confident in the process.
The chapters can be seen as a step by step checklist when preparing a presentation and I think that just looking over the chapter names can bring up ideas.
The more I read from Dale Carnegie, the more I understand why his books are valid over longer periods of time. His examples like Lincoln, Washington and other historical figures are timeless.
I think the title is a bit misleading, and it should start with 'public speaking' (which is actually stripped out from the title in the app, but not in the cover picture)
It was a pretty insightful book. The way Carnegie writes feels super conversational, like he's talking directly to you, which made it easy to follow. I picked up useful tips on public speaking that I can see myself applying in real-life situations. That said, the book is definitely old-school, which made some parts hard to relate to鈥攍ike certain speech excerpts that just don鈥檛 vibe with today鈥檚 world. While the core techniques are solid, not everything feels adaptable to modern contexts. Still, I鈥檇 say it鈥檚 worth a read if you want to work on your confidence and speaking skills.
This book is a companion to Carnegie's other classic, "How to Win Friends and Influence People". So some of the anectodes, passages, and principles are shared (such as Carnegie's fascination with the life of ex-US president Abraham Lincoln). And the reading of both books offers a complementary set of ideas and skills that share the same aim: learning to deal with other people, publicly and privately.
Not only is this a comprenhensive guide to developing the art of public speaking (a job it performs as it should: offering an emphasis on practice and practical, specific advice)...but by trying to solve that particular problem so ambitiously, it ends up offering the solutions an endless set of areas of life.
This book is, escentially, a discussion of every problem that involves the process of gathering and communicating ideas. "Gathering and communicating ideas"... it is what these days gets mistakingly refered to as "the creative process". Every form of art and design, from writting, to drawing, to acting, falls into this cathegory of "gathering ideas and then communicating them to an audience".
If you engage in one of these "creative activities"...have you ever gone through an "art block"? that frustrating mental block that inhabilates your action and stops you from generating ideas/putting them on paper? well, thinking of a speech in real-time is a race that makes you jump through the same hurdles. The methods described to make speeches here, effectively deal with those same barriers. By consciously applying those techniques, you could theorically overcome any "art block" that gets in the way.
Ever been gotten stuck while learning *something*? preparing a speech requires proper *internalization* of the material, and this book covers tons of methods for internalization and deep understanding that are as applicable to speech-making as they are to learning /any/ theorical material.
But at its core, what makes this stand out is its standing, valiant, daring desire to actually, honestly, humbly speak about that (much mentioned, but seldom defined) concept known as "human nature".
The author goes to great leghts to identify what is it that makes people *tick*.
What are the principles that rule our lives and that will make us *do* things- like let someone give us a lecture? what makes people INTERESTED in things? if we make the conscious descision to understand those principles, to disect them and review them fearlessly, then those principles will be the applicable to every single area of our lives. Whenever we might need to infleunce people to take action, or to win them to our way of thinking... to make our ideas clear; or simply to entertain...that whole process is described so beautifully and thoughtfully that it is what gives this text its trascendential quality. _
The one flaw in this text (not nearly as evident in HTWFAIP) is the same present in most other western classics of the 20th century: it is uncomfortably bigoted. There are a considerable ammount of racist passages and anectodes, and the evangelist christianist perspective gets tiring very quickly. Althought these features aren't prevalent enough to make it un-readable, it does make getting through some reasings slightly more difficult and hinders the overall message sometimes.
(I do not know however if newer editions have been edited to take out said problematic material, which is certainely possible. The book I own was a second-hand copy purchased in a book-fair years ago...and it doesn't even have the year of printing or editorial house!)
With all that said...considering how this book offers solutions to many other problems not inherent to public speaking, it should be obligatory reading to almost anybody who deals in any way with the act of communication, at any point in their lives!
Neredeyse t眉m ki艧isel geli艧im kitaplar谋n谋n referans kitab谋. 陌莽indeki baz谋 kurallar yeni ara艧t谋rmalarla de臒i艧se de, kitapta yaz谋lanlar谋 yapabilmek bile insan谋 ileti艧imde bir 眉st seviyeye 莽谋kartabilir. Yazar lincoln gibi 莽ok eski kahramalardan 枚rnekler verdi臒i i莽in ne i莽inde ya艧an谋lan zamana ne de olaylara vak谋f olamaman谋n verdi臒i tatminsizlik hissini s谋k莽a ya艧ad谋m. Ted gibi konu艧 bu konuda beni olduk莽a tatmin etmi艧ti 莽眉nk眉 verdi臒i 枚rnekleri, bir browser sayesinde derhal ted sayfalar谋ndan izleyip g枚zlemleyebiliyordum. Her b枚l眉m眉n sonunda yer alan 枚zetler ger莽ekten 莽ok iyi d眉艧眉n眉艧m眉艧. 脰nemli bir konusma 枚ncesi kitap okumaaya zaman ay谋ramazs谋n谋z ama 10 dakikan谋z谋 b枚l眉m sonlar谋ndaki 枚zetleri okumaya ay谋rabilirsiniz. Bu da okudu臒unuz t眉m kitab谋 hat谋rlaman谋z谋 sa臒layacakt谋r.
Vienk膩r拧as, bet 募oti noder墨gas atzi艈as par publisku uzst膩拧anos, piem膿ram, "don't speak until you have something to say", "a well prepared speech is already 9/10 delivered", "notes destroy about 50% of the interest in talk" un taml墨dz墨gi. Ir svar墨gi sev 拧墨s lietas laiku pa laikam atg膩din膩t, - 墨pa拧i pirms svar墨g膩m uzst膩拧an膩s reiz膿m. Izsprukt cauri sveik膩 bez gatavo拧an膩s nav iesp膿jams. To patie拧膩m var just - ir cilv膿ks gatavojies vai nav.
Very interesting and helpful advices for getting better at public speaking. What I liked is that it鈥檚 helpful for all kind of speaking, even weekly meetings at work or any kind of speaking where you would like to be heard and taken seriously. It gives precise points on how to get better at communicating and especially that everyone can do it!
Most of the points raised by the author is platitudes and clich茅. Maybe it was original back in 1920s, but certainly not now. So drop it and read some more contemporary books.
This book is a guide for those who want and who needs to deliver speeches before small to huge audience, and develop self confidence to make their idea clear into the minds of their hearers. I started reading this book when I myself is locked up in the house, along with the most of the world because of COVID-19 pandemic, and we are listening to different leaders of the world and what will be their impact on the citizens.
This book depicts different ways, examples of writing a good speech, emphasizes on how it can be delivered, what are the ways to make it more clear and interesting, effects of look and body language of the speaker, environment of the hall where speech is going to be delivered etc. Books is rich with examples of great orators of that time, how they used to make their speech, how they used to practice, how they used to build their vocab and much more.
Quotes from the book that I loved
1. When a man's knowledge is not in order, the more of it he has, the greater will be his confusion of thought.
2. The art of war is a science in which nothing succeeds which has not been calculated and thought out.
3. We are visual minded. Eye impressions stick. We can often remember a man's face, even though we cannot recall his name.
4. The nerves that lead from the eye to the brain are 25x large as those leading from the ear to the brain. So the proverb says that: "One time seeing is worth a thousand times hearing."
5. The knowledge that is used tends to stick.
6. Our mind is essentially an associating machine.
7. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing.
8. Let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot of his education, whatever the line of it may be. If he keeps faithfully busy each hour of the working day, he may safely leave the final result to itself. He can, with perfect certainty, count on waking up some fine morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation, in whatever pursuit he may have singled out.
9. The great aim of education is not knowledge, but Action.
10. Failure is the only highroad to success.
Do I recommend this book?
Yes, I do recommend this book. This book will be helpful to you if you are shy, want to be a great orator, preparing for eloqution competition. Read this book and you will be having scientific idea of developing a meaningful and clear speech and how to deliver it.
Dale Carnegie's groundbreaking work explores the dynamics of human communication and its implications for confidence and influence. The discourse is grounded in empirical evidence and psychological principles, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
In his book, Carnagie examines the cognitive and behavioral aspects of public speaking. He draws upon empirical studies to explain how individuals can cultivate self-confidence. Carnegie demonstrates the correlation between effective communication skills and enhanced self-assurance through systematic analysis. His assertions are based on empirical evidence.
This book exploration, goes beyond theory and offers practical strategies backed by research to help readers improve their public speaking abilities.He suggests evidence-based techniques like visualization and gradual exposure therapy to equip individuals with actionable steps to overcome anxiety and boost their confidence in public speaking scenarios.
Carnegie explains how public speaking skills can have a significant impact on interpersonal influence. He supports his claims with empirical data from studies and real-life examples. Carnegie emphasizes the importance of persuasive communication in building trust, credibility, and influence in different social situations.
In conclusion, Dale Carnegie's "How to Develop Self-Confidence and Influence People By Public Speaking" is a testament to his commitment to empirical rigor and practical applicability in the realm of self-development. Carnegie's book offers valuable insights into the power of effective public speaking. The author's meticulous analysis and evidence-based approach make this book an indispensable resource for anyone seeking to enhance their self-confidence and influence through communication.
In the beginning, I got mixed feelings about it but in the end, I could express myself as: I like the book! I like it because of the generous style of writing that Dale Carnegie has, I like it because I found plenty of examples of successful public speakers ( obviously Lincoln is on top of the list), because of the author which outline step by step each phase of a strong speech, from the improvement of memory, good delivery, how to open a talk, how to end it, how to interest your audience, to improving diction or developing courage. I found it complex and timeless. It takes practice to be natural before an audience. You need to be clear, to picture your points and visualize them. "Even before we speak, we are condemned or approved", is the quote that I liked most because it concluded the idea of imperfection.
How to develop self-confidence and influence people is an essential book when attempting to build someone鈥檚 mental capabilities. It gives an abundance of practical and valuable tips on the topics it covers such as Influence and self-confidence. It is a known fact that many people but more relevantly college students have troubles with public speaking. Public speaking is something that is to be practiced regardless of who the person is. Some of the best public speakers today have come from time period where they also shared the same struggles of fear and anxiety as the normal person. The most significance tips he gives the reader is to always start with a strong and persistent desire showing compassion for the topic, to always have valid information of the topic being discussed, show confidence and just like any other challenging craft it is to be practiced in order to reach perfection. This is the perfect book for someone who is interested in making lasting life changes in their lives to develop themselves into a leader. The book gives many examples of some of the best-known speakers in history and how they prepared for speeches. Concrete examples are used phenomenally throughout the book to attract the reader鈥檚 attention. Public speaking is very important in people鈥檚 lives today because at some point a person will need to speak for a group of people whether it鈥檚 job related or about something in their field of study, or maybe even major event that needs their assistance. This book will give the tools needed to become an excellent leader in today鈥檚 society.
Useful to those wanting to improve their public speaking. The key takeaways are: Practice what you want to say, Speak in a way that your audience will find easy to understand, Improve your diction and a few more. All in all what you would normally see in a Dale Carnegie book.
Fire book I can鈥檛 lie 鉂わ笍鈥嶐煍� did get boring in the end, last three chapters. But the main concept it teaches you of being passionate abt what you鈥檙e talking about, backing it with research. And having the determination to accomplish what you want. All very valuable lessons
The prefix How To in Dale Carnegie's book attracts reader, the same it did to me. The title motivated me to pick this book. I have make up my mind that I am going to get some great insights and ways which will help in furnishing my public speaking skill, but I was wrong. The books deals with a sort of very basic advice which most of the guys know, like Do prepare your speech well , memorize it over and over , be confident and many other. I believe the fact that this is something everyone knows. The problem lies with most of them that they found it difficult to apply these principles when needed most. I was expecting a lot from this book, but it was disappointment. Although we get to learn some great lessons about Public Speaking and the fact that no one was born speaker. Most of them worked hard to be called a great speaker. The book is filled with plenty of examples to make you believe that if he can be a good speaker then why can't I?
"We have only four contacts with people. We are evaluated and classified by four things: by what we do, by how we look, by what we say, and how we say it." Two chapters on practical advice of how to open and close a talk. Otherwise, mostly stories about people who have spoken with varying levels of success. Not for me.
Confidence and the ability to speak publicly are codependent, and when one improves the other does too. To become a better public speaker is to master the art of diction and literacy, telling better stories, and using good examples. The only way to learn how to speak publicly is to do the activity itself, yes you still need to prepare yourself, but at one point you just have to do it and improve from there.
# 馃帹 Impressions
The book gives clear and actionable advice on becoming a better public speaker. Dale Carnegie is realistic in how you can improve and develop a better ability to speak while still being encouraging and optimistic.
## How I Discovered It
Amazon kindle deals
## Who Should Read It?
This book serves good advice to all that are looking to improve their abilities to speak in a public setting. For people who have experience with public speaking, I don't think there is much more to be learnt in this book than you have learned in real life.
# 鈽橈笍 How the Book Changed Me
How my life / behaviour / thoughts / ideas have changed as a result of reading the book.
- Has made me try to improve my diction and vocabulary - Has changed my ability to captivate people in a discussion
# 鉁嶏笍 My Top 3 Quotes
- 鈥淏e impeccable with your word. Speak with integrity. Say only what you mean. Avoid using the word to speak against yourself or to gossip about others. Use the power of your word in the direction of truth and love.鈥� 鈥擠on Miguel Ruiz
- Fear is the result of a lack of confidence and what causes that? It is the result of not knowing what you can really do. And not knowing what you can do is caused by a lack of experience. When you get a record of successful experience behind you, your fears will vanish; they will melt like night mists under the glare of a July sun.
- The moment you come before the audience, you have our attention naturally, inevitably. It is not difficult to get it for the first five seconds, but it is difficult to hold it for the next five minutes. If you once lose it, it will be doubly difficult to win it back. So begin with something interesting in your very first sentence.
If you have a speech or presentation to give, read this book first! Although this book was first written in 1926, it continues to be one of the most popular books on effective public speaking. There are hundreds of practical and valuable tips.
to find "How to Develop Self-Confidence & Influence People by Public Speaking" in Bismarck Public Library's online catalog.
Even though I loved Dale Carnegie's more well known classic "How to win friends and influence people" I found myself having to really push my way through this one.I would find this helpful if I were a public speaker or aspired to be one. Although many of the examples are dated and were perhaps more well known at the time of the original publication it's ideas and principles are still relevant
The book actually contains heaps of valuable lessons to develop public speaking skill 鈥� an applicative read indeed. But, since it was written in the early 20th century, it is quite tedious with so many examples of famous people in the past that are no longer relevant (especially for non-Americans) such as Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt and Charlie Chaplin.
If you are planning to read this book with the hope to improve your public speaking ability, I suggest you to jump ahead to the summary from each chapter.