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螠喂魏蟻萎 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼
危蟿畏谓
螠喂魏蟻萎 螜蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼
慰 John Sutherland, 渭蔚位蔚蟿畏蟿萎蟼 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 未喂未维尉蔚喂 魏伪喂 纬蟻维蠄蔚喂 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 纬喂伪 魏维胃蔚 蟿慰渭苇伪 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼, 慰未畏纬蔚委 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 蠄蠀蠂伪纬蠅纬喂魏蠈 蟿伪尉委未喂 "渭苇蟽伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 谓蟿慰蠀位维蟺伪" 蟽蔚 蠈位慰 蟿慰 胃伪蠀渭伪蟽蟿蠈 蔚蠉蟻慰蟼 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪蟻蠂伪喂慰蔚位位畏谓喂魏慰蠉蟼 渭蠉胃慰蠀蟼 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿伪 蟽畏渭蔚蟻喂谓维 graphic novels, 苇蠂慰谓蟿伪蟼 蠅蟼 蟽蟿蠈蠂慰 谓伪 渭伪蟼 尾慰畏胃萎蟽蔚喂 谓伪 蟽蠀位位维尾慰蠀渭蔚 蟿慰谓 渭伪纬喂魏蠈 伪蠀蟿蠈 渭畏蠂伪谓喂蟽渭蠈 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 慰蟺慰委慰 畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪, 伪蟺蠈 魏维胃蔚 纬蠅谓喂维 蟿慰蠀 蟺位伪谓萎蟿畏, 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 渭伪蟼 渭蔚蟿伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟽蔚 维位位慰蠀蟼 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭伪蟼 尾慰畏胃萎蟽蔚喂 谓伪 魏伪蟿伪位维尾慰蠀渭蔚 蟿蔚位喂魏维 蟿喂 蟽畏渭伪委谓蔚喂 谓伪 蔚委蟽伪喂 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼.
螣 Sutherland 渭伪蟼 尉蔚谓伪纬蔚委, 渭蔚 蠂喂慰蠉渭慰蟻, 尾伪胃喂维 纬谓蠋蟽畏 魏伪喂 苇谓伪 蟽蟺维谓喂慰 渭蔚蟿伪未慰蟿喂魏蠈 蟺维胃慰蟼 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏, 蟽蟿伪 渭蔚纬维位伪 苇蟻纬伪 魏伪喂蟿 慰蠀蟼 渭蔚纬维位慰蠀蟼 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬慰蠉蟼: 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 螜位喂维未伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 螣未蠉蟽蟽蔚喂伪 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 慰喂未委蟺慰未伪 韦蠉蟻伪谓谓慰, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 螆蟺慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕魏喂位纬魏伪渭苇蟼 蠅蟼 蟿慰 螠蟺苇慰纬慰蠀位蠁, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 危伪委尉蟺畏蟻 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 螛蔚蟻尾维谓蟿蔚蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 巍慰渭伪谓蟿喂魏慰蠉蟼 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 螡蟿委魏蔚谓蟼 魏喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 螠蠈渭蟺蠀-螡蟿喂魏 蠅蟼 蟿畏谓 螆蟻畏渭畏 蠂蠋蟻伪... 螠蔚 未蔚尉喂慰蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏苇蟼 蟺伪蟻蔚魏尾维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟽蔚 蟺慰喂魏委位伪 胃苇渭伪蟿伪 -位慰纬慰魏蟻喂蟽委伪, 伪蠁畏纬畏渭伪蟿喂魏维 蟿蔚蠂谓维蟽渭伪蟿伪, 伪蠀蟿慰苇魏未慰蟽畏, 纬慰蠉蟽蟿慰, 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿蟻苇位伪- 慰 Sutherland 蟺蟻慰蟽蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿畏谓 喂未伪谓喂魏萎 蔚喂蟽伪纬蠅纬萎 蟽蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈位伪蠀蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼.
"螕蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰 蟽蔚 位蠈纬慰 魏伪胃伪蟻蠈 魏伪喂 伪蟺伪位位伪纬渭苇谓慰 伪蟺蠈 胃蔚蠅蟻畏蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪纬魏蠀位蠋蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿慰蠀 Sutherland 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 伪蟺慰位伪蠀蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈, 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓慰蠄委味蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蟺蔚渭蟺蟿慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 纬谓蠋蟽畏蟼 渭喂伪蟼 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 伪蠁喂蔚蟻蠅渭苇谓畏蟼 蟽蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪". John Vukmirovich, Times Literary Supplement
螣 Sutherland 蟺蟻慰蟽蔚纬纬委味蔚喂 苇谓伪 蟿蔚蟻维蟽蟿喂慰 胃苇渭伪 渭蔚 蟿伪位苇谓蟿慰, 胃维蟻蟻慰蟼 魏伪喂 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏萎 伪委蟽胃畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蠂喂慰蠉渭慰蟻. 螣 蔚谓胃慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 渭蔚蟿伪未慰蟿喂魏蠈蟼 魏伪喂 渭伪蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠉蟻蔚喂 蟽蝿 苇谓伪 蠀蟺苇蟻慰蠂慰 蟺伪喂未蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 蟿伪尉委未喂 蟽蟿慰谓 魏蠈蟽渭慰 蟿畏蟼 蠁伪谓蟿伪蟽委伪蟼..." The Good Book Guide
"螆谓伪蟼 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪委慰蟼 慰未畏纬蠈蟼 纬喂伪 苇谓伪 蟽蠀谓伪蟻蟺伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿伪尉委未喂 蟽蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼... 蟽蟿蠈蠂慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 谓伪 胃苇蟽蔚喂 未喂伪蠂蠅蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 纬蟻伪渭渭苇蟼, 伪位位维 谓伪 渭慰喂蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委 渭蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟿畏 蠂伪蟻维 蟿畏蟼 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼..." Kirkus Reviews
"螣 John Sutherland 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 位委纬慰蠀蟼 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏慰蠉蟼 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪尾维味蠅 蟽蠀蟽蟿畏渭伪蟿喂魏维. 螘委谓伪喂 蔚蠀蠁蠀萎蟼, 纬蔚谓谓伪喂蠈未蠅蟻慰蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 魏慰蠁蟿蔚蟻萎 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪". Jay Parini, 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 Why Poetry Matters
"螘委谓伪喂 慰 蟺喂慰 未喂伪魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰蟼 尾喂尾位喂慰胃畏魏维蟻喂慰蟼 蟿畏蟼 伪纬纬位喂魏萎蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼: 蟺慰位蠀渭伪胃萎蟼, 慰尉蠀未蔚蟻魏萎蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 味蔚蟽蟿萎 魏伪蟻未喂维". Jonathan Barnes, Times Literary Supplement
螣 Sutherland 渭伪蟼 尉蔚谓伪纬蔚委, 渭蔚 蠂喂慰蠉渭慰蟻, 尾伪胃喂维 纬谓蠋蟽畏 魏伪喂 苇谓伪 蟽蟺维谓喂慰 渭蔚蟿伪未慰蟿喂魏蠈 蟺维胃慰蟼 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏, 蟽蟿伪 渭蔚纬维位伪 苇蟻纬伪 魏伪喂蟿 慰蠀蟼 渭蔚纬维位慰蠀蟼 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬慰蠉蟼: 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 螜位喂维未伪 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 螣未蠉蟽蟽蔚喂伪 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 慰喂未委蟺慰未伪 韦蠉蟻伪谓谓慰, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 螆蟺慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕魏喂位纬魏伪渭苇蟼 蠅蟼 蟿慰 螠蟺苇慰纬慰蠀位蠁, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 危伪委尉蟺畏蟻 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 螛蔚蟻尾维谓蟿蔚蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 巍慰渭伪谓蟿喂魏慰蠉蟼 蠅蟼 蟿慰谓 螡蟿委魏蔚谓蟼 魏喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰谓 螠蠈渭蟺蠀-螡蟿喂魏 蠅蟼 蟿畏谓 螆蟻畏渭畏 蠂蠋蟻伪... 螠蔚 未蔚尉喂慰蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏苇蟼 蟺伪蟻蔚魏尾维蟽蔚喂蟼 蟽蔚 蟺慰喂魏委位伪 胃苇渭伪蟿伪 -位慰纬慰魏蟻喂蟽委伪, 伪蠁畏纬畏渭伪蟿喂魏维 蟿蔚蠂谓维蟽渭伪蟿伪, 伪蠀蟿慰苇魏未慰蟽畏, 纬慰蠉蟽蟿慰, 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿蟻苇位伪- 慰 Sutherland 蟺蟻慰蟽蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿畏谓 喂未伪谓喂魏萎 蔚喂蟽伪纬蠅纬萎 蟽蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈位伪蠀蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼.
"螕蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰 蟽蔚 位蠈纬慰 魏伪胃伪蟻蠈 魏伪喂 伪蟺伪位位伪纬渭苇谓慰 伪蟺蠈 胃蔚蠅蟻畏蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪纬魏蠀位蠋蟽蔚喂蟼, 蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿慰蠀 Sutherland 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 伪蟺慰位伪蠀蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈, 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓慰蠄委味蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蟺蔚渭蟺蟿慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 纬谓蠋蟽畏蟼 渭喂伪蟼 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 伪蠁喂蔚蟻蠅渭苇谓畏蟼 蟽蟿畏 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪". John Vukmirovich, Times Literary Supplement
螣 Sutherland 蟺蟻慰蟽蔚纬纬委味蔚喂 苇谓伪 蟿蔚蟻维蟽蟿喂慰 胃苇渭伪 渭蔚 蟿伪位苇谓蟿慰, 胃维蟻蟻慰蟼 魏伪喂 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏萎 伪委蟽胃畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蠂喂慰蠉渭慰蟻. 螣 蔚谓胃慰蠀蟽喂伪蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 渭蔚蟿伪未慰蟿喂魏蠈蟼 魏伪喂 渭伪蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟽蠉蟻蔚喂 蟽蝿 苇谓伪 蠀蟺苇蟻慰蠂慰 蟺伪喂未蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈 蟿伪尉委未喂 蟽蟿慰谓 魏蠈蟽渭慰 蟿畏蟼 蠁伪谓蟿伪蟽委伪蟼..." The Good Book Guide
"螆谓伪蟼 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪委慰蟼 慰未畏纬蠈蟼 纬喂伪 苇谓伪 蟽蠀谓伪蟻蟺伪蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿伪尉委未喂 蟽蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼... 蟽蟿蠈蠂慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 谓伪 胃苇蟽蔚喂 未喂伪蠂蠅蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 纬蟻伪渭渭苇蟼, 伪位位维 谓伪 渭慰喂蟻伪蟽蟿蔚委 渭蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟿畏 蠂伪蟻维 蟿畏蟼 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼..." Kirkus Reviews
"螣 John Sutherland 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰蠀蟼 位委纬慰蠀蟼 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏慰蠉蟼 蟺慰蠀 未喂伪尾维味蠅 蟽蠀蟽蟿畏渭伪蟿喂魏维. 螘委谓伪喂 蔚蠀蠁蠀萎蟼, 纬蔚谓谓伪喂蠈未蠅蟻慰蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 魏慰蠁蟿蔚蟻萎 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪". Jay Parini, 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 Why Poetry Matters
"螘委谓伪喂 慰 蟺喂慰 未喂伪魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰蟼 尾喂尾位喂慰胃畏魏维蟻喂慰蟼 蟿畏蟼 伪纬纬位喂魏萎蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼: 蟺慰位蠀渭伪胃萎蟼, 慰尉蠀未蔚蟻魏萎蟼 魏伪喂 渭蔚 味蔚蟽蟿萎 魏伪蟻未喂维". Jonathan Barnes, Times Literary Supplement
400 pages, Paperback
First published November 5, 2013
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5,312 people want to read
About the author
John Sutherland
200听books184听followersJohn Andrew Sutherland is a British academic, newspaper columnist and author. He is Emeritus Lord Northcliffe Professor of Modern English Literature at University College London.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 322 reviews
February 14, 2016
This is an enjoyable history of English Literature which consists of short essays on everything from early myths, through Shakespeare, the very first novels, poetry, Austen, Dickens, literature for (and about) children, the censorship of books and all the way up to today, with bestsellers, book prizes and reading groups being discussed.
Although this does not really give you a great deal of depth about any particular topic/author, it is a great introduction and very readable. A good starting point for anyone wishing to extend their reading, or wanting to read the classics and being unsure of where to start. All the major authors, as well as important movements 鈥� from Romanticism to Modernism 鈥� are mentioned here. From Woolf to Proust and the Brontes, this is a great overview of classic literature through the ages.
Although this does not really give you a great deal of depth about any particular topic/author, it is a great introduction and very readable. A good starting point for anyone wishing to extend their reading, or wanting to read the classics and being unsure of where to start. All the major authors, as well as important movements 鈥� from Romanticism to Modernism 鈥� are mentioned here. From Woolf to Proust and the Brontes, this is a great overview of classic literature through the ages.
May 25, 2019
兀鬲匕賰乇 毓賳丿賲丕 賰賳鬲 胤賮賱丕賸 兀賳賳賷 賰賱賲丕 鬲卮丕噩乇鬲 賲毓 兀丨丿 兀氐丿賯丕卅賷 兀賯賵賲 亘賵囟毓 賯丕卅賲丞 兀爻乇丿 賮賷賴丕 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 兀丨亘賴丕 賵鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲賷 兀賰乇賴賴丕 賮賷賴 賵賲賳 孬賲 兀丨丿丿 廿賳 賰賳鬲 爻兀馗賱 兀毓鬲亘乇賴 氐丿賷賯賸丕 賱賷 亘賳丕亍 毓賱賶 毓丿丿 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱噩賲賷賱丞 兀賵 丕賱賰乇賷賴丞 賮賷 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞.
毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳賳賷 鬲禺賱氐鬲 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓丕丿丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 賳囟噩鬲 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱匕賷 兀丨亘胤賳賷 賰孬賷乇賸丕貙 兀毓丕丿賳賷 廿賱賷賴丕 賵丿賮毓賳賷 賱賵囟毓 賯丕卅賲丞 丨賵賱 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賰乇賴鬲賴丕 賮賷賴 賵賴賷 賰丕賱鬲丕賱賷:
鈥徺�- 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 賲囟賱賱 噩丿賸丕 賮丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 爻乇丿賸丕 賲賵噩夭賸丕 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷 賵賴賵 賷賮毓賱 匕賱賰 亘卮賰賱 爻胤丨賷 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘.
鈥徺�- 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賷胤賱賯 鬲毓賲賷賲丕鬲 賱丕 鬲賱賷賯 亘兀爻鬲丕匕 賱賱兀丿亘 賮賴賵 賷毓鬲亘乇 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿賷賰賳夭 兀賴賲 乇賵丕卅賷 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賵卮賰爻亘賷乇 兀賴賲 卮丕毓乇貙 賵賷夭毓賲 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭 賴賲 賲賳 丕禺鬲乇毓賵丕 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞.
伲- 賴賳丕賱賰 賮氐賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賳賵丕賳 "孬賯丕賮丕鬲 賲賱賵賳丞" 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷賴 丕賱賲丐賱賮 兀丿亘 丕賱爻賵丿 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賵氐賮 賷毓丿 囟乇亘賸丕 賲賳 囟乇賵亘 丕賱毓賳氐乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘 賵賱丕 兀毓乇賮 賰賷賮 丕爻鬲胤丕毓 丕賱賲丐賱賮 鬲賲乇賷乇賴.
鈥徺�- 賱丕 賷賵噩丿 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲爻賱爻賱 賲賳胤賯賷 賱賲乇丕丨賱 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱兀丿亘 賮賳噩丿 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賷賯賮夭 賲賳 賲賵囟賵毓 廿賱賶 丌禺乇 賵賷丿丨卮 賲賵丕囟賷毓 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 亘胤乇賷賯丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞.
鈥�
鈥徺呚� 丿賮毓賳賷 賱廿賰賲丕賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 賱睾丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 賵丕賱賮賰丕賴賷丞 兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷賳噩丨 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 賲丨賲丿 丿乇賵賷卮 亘賳賯賱賴丕 亘卮賰賱 噩賷丿貙 賵賴賵 亘丕賱賲賳丕爻亘丞 賲賳 鬲乇噩賲 賲毓馗賲 兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷丞 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞 兀賱賷賮 卮賮賯 賵賯丿 爻乇丿鬲 賮賷 賲乇丕噩毓丕鬲 爻丕亘賯丞 亘毓囟 丕賱兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賵賯毓 賮賷賴丕 賮賷 鬲乇噩賲丞 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴丕.
毓賲賵賲賸丕貙 賰賵賳賷 丕賯鬲賳賷鬲 賰鬲丕亘賷賳 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱爻賱爻賱丞 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱丌禺乇 賵賴賵 "賲禺鬲氐乇 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓賱賲" 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 馃挃
毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳賳賷 鬲禺賱氐鬲 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱毓丕丿丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 賳囟噩鬲 廿賱丕 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 丕賱匕賷 兀丨亘胤賳賷 賰孬賷乇賸丕貙 兀毓丕丿賳賷 廿賱賷賴丕 賵丿賮毓賳賷 賱賵囟毓 賯丕卅賲丞 丨賵賱 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賰乇賴鬲賴丕 賮賷賴 賵賴賷 賰丕賱鬲丕賱賷:
鈥徺�- 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 賲囟賱賱 噩丿賸丕 賮丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 爻乇丿賸丕 賲賵噩夭賸丕 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷 賵賴賵 賷賮毓賱 匕賱賰 亘卮賰賱 爻胤丨賷 賮賷 丕賱睾丕賱亘.
鈥徺�- 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賷胤賱賯 鬲毓賲賷賲丕鬲 賱丕 鬲賱賷賯 亘兀爻鬲丕匕 賱賱兀丿亘 賮賴賵 賷毓鬲亘乇 鬲卮丕乇賱夭 丿賷賰賳夭 兀賴賲 乇賵丕卅賷 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賵卮賰爻亘賷乇 兀賴賲 卮丕毓乇貙 賵賷夭毓賲 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭 賴賲 賲賳 丕禺鬲乇毓賵丕 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞.
伲- 賴賳丕賱賰 賮氐賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賳賵丕賳 "孬賯丕賮丕鬲 賲賱賵賳丞" 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷賴 丕賱賲丐賱賮 兀丿亘 丕賱爻賵丿 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賵氐賮 賷毓丿 囟乇亘賸丕 賲賳 囟乇賵亘 丕賱毓賳氐乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱睾乇亘 賵賱丕 兀毓乇賮 賰賷賮 丕爻鬲胤丕毓 丕賱賲丐賱賮 鬲賲乇賷乇賴.
鈥徺�- 賱丕 賷賵噩丿 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲爻賱爻賱 賲賳胤賯賷 賱賲乇丕丨賱 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱兀丿亘 賮賳噩丿 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賷賯賮夭 賲賳 賲賵囟賵毓 廿賱賶 丌禺乇 賵賷丿丨卮 賲賵丕囟賷毓 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 亘胤乇賷賯丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞.
鈥�
鈥徺呚� 丿賮毓賳賷 賱廿賰賲丕賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 賱睾丞 丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 賵丕賱賮賰丕賴賷丞 兀丨賷丕賳賸丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷賳噩丨 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 賲丨賲丿 丿乇賵賷卮 亘賳賯賱賴丕 亘卮賰賱 噩賷丿貙 賵賴賵 亘丕賱賲賳丕爻亘丞 賲賳 鬲乇噩賲 賲毓馗賲 兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷丞 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞 兀賱賷賮 卮賮賯 賵賯丿 爻乇丿鬲 賮賷 賲乇丕噩毓丕鬲 爻丕亘賯丞 亘毓囟 丕賱兀禺胤丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 賵賯毓 賮賷賴丕 賮賷 鬲乇噩賲丞 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴丕.
毓賲賵賲賸丕貙 賰賵賳賷 丕賯鬲賳賷鬲 賰鬲丕亘賷賳 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱爻賱爻賱丞 兀鬲賲賳賶 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱丌禺乇 賵賴賵 "賲禺鬲氐乇 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓賱賲" 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 馃挃
January 30, 2019
Okay, so first of all- it is by no means a history of Literature, it鈥檚 a story of English literature. There are nods to authors from other countries but only insofar as it fits into the Anglo-centric arc. And I鈥檓 not being militantly post-colonialist or anything- or, rather, I don鈥檛 need to be-even as a french, German or Italian (not to mention Russian, omg) you鈥檇 be pretty offended by the idea that this is a history of even Western lit. (A full chapter on Samuel Johnson, half a line on Zola, no Goethe or Tolstoi- 鈥榥ough said).
Secondly, it is quite puzzling how we somehow are still putting white dudes in charge of writing histories of anything. The result here is unsurprising.
That said, if you can hold your nose at the pervasive misogyny (crazy how Jane Austen manages to write good stuff despite her writing about such small womanly subjects/the Brontes were SO provincial and you can so tell they never saw the world when you read their books!/ Virginia Woolf bought her way into authordom, etc.) and the racism (there鈥檚 literally one 鈥榬ace鈥� chapter called, I KID YOU NOT, 鈥榗olorful cultures.鈥� -and this book was published this decade.) (And, he spends a great deal of energy in that chapter calling Toni Morrison 鈥榓ngry.鈥�), if, again, you can manage to ignore that, well, then it鈥檚 quite pleasant, really! Especially if you鈥檝e been thinking, 鈥淢an, I really need to brush up on my John Donne and my Trollope.鈥� It鈥檚 possible-I鈥檓 not judging!
Secondly, it is quite puzzling how we somehow are still putting white dudes in charge of writing histories of anything. The result here is unsurprising.
That said, if you can hold your nose at the pervasive misogyny (crazy how Jane Austen manages to write good stuff despite her writing about such small womanly subjects/the Brontes were SO provincial and you can so tell they never saw the world when you read their books!/ Virginia Woolf bought her way into authordom, etc.) and the racism (there鈥檚 literally one 鈥榬ace鈥� chapter called, I KID YOU NOT, 鈥榗olorful cultures.鈥� -and this book was published this decade.) (And, he spends a great deal of energy in that chapter calling Toni Morrison 鈥榓ngry.鈥�), if, again, you can manage to ignore that, well, then it鈥檚 quite pleasant, really! Especially if you鈥檝e been thinking, 鈥淢an, I really need to brush up on my John Donne and my Trollope.鈥� It鈥檚 possible-I鈥檓 not judging!
March 13, 2021
B.R.A.CE. 2019
4 尾喂尾位委伪 蟿慰蠀 委未喂慰蠀 螘魏未慰蟿喂魏慰蠉 螣委魏慰蠀 (3/4)
螆谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪位慰纬蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰 魏伪喂 蟿伪蠀蟿蠈蠂蟻慰谓伪 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿蠈 渭蔚 胃苇渭伪 蟿畏谓 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏喂 蠈位伪 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 蟿畏谓 伪蠁慰蟻慰蠉谓 : 蔚委未畏, 蟿蠀蟺慰纬蟻伪蠁委伪, 蔚蠀蟺蠋位畏蟿伪, 蟺慰委畏蟽畏, 尾蟻伪尾蔚委伪, 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏维 未喂魏伪喂蠋渭伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿蠈蟽伪 维位位伪. 韦蠈蟽蔚蟼 蔚蠀魏伪喂蟻委蔚蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 蠄维尉蠅 魏喂 维位位伪 蟽蟿慰 未喂伪未委魏蟿蠀慰 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭维胃蠅 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 纬喂伪 蟿伪 尾喂尾位委伪 蟺慰蠀 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪纬伪蟺蠋.
韦慰 未喂维尾伪蟽伪 蟽伪谓 ebook 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 螘螔螘. 螛伪 渭蟺蔚委 蟽蟿伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 伪纬慰蟻维 纬喂伪蟿委 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 胃苇位蠅 谓伪 尉伪谓伪未喂伪尾维蟽蠅 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿慰 苇蠂蠅 蟽蟿畏谓 尾喂尾位喂慰胃萎魏畏 渭慰蠀.
螆谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪位慰纬蟻伪渭渭苇谓慰 魏伪喂 蟿伪蠀蟿蠈蠂蟻慰谓伪 蟿蠈蟽慰 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿蠈 渭蔚 胃苇渭伪 蟿畏谓 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪 魏喂 蠈位伪 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 蟿畏谓 伪蠁慰蟻慰蠉谓 : 蔚委未畏, 蟿蠀蟺慰纬蟻伪蠁委伪, 蔚蠀蟺蠋位畏蟿伪, 蟺慰委畏蟽畏, 尾蟻伪尾蔚委伪, 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏维 未喂魏伪喂蠋渭伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿蠈蟽伪 维位位伪. 韦蠈蟽蔚蟼 蔚蠀魏伪喂蟻委蔚蟼 纬喂伪 谓伪 蠄维尉蠅 魏喂 维位位伪 蟽蟿慰 未喂伪未委魏蟿蠀慰 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭维胃蠅 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蟺蟻维纬渭伪蟿伪 纬喂伪 蟿伪 尾喂尾位委伪 蟺慰蠀 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪纬伪蟺蠋.
韦慰 未喂维尾伪蟽伪 蟽伪谓 ebook 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 螘螔螘. 螛伪 渭蟺蔚委 蟽蟿伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 伪纬慰蟻维 纬喂伪蟿委 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 尾喂尾位委慰 蟺慰蠀 胃苇位蠅 谓伪 尉伪谓伪未喂伪尾维蟽蠅 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿慰 苇蠂蠅 蟽蟿畏谓 尾喂尾位喂慰胃萎魏畏 渭慰蠀.
September 16, 2013
Disclaimer: Read via Netgalley.
I鈥檓 tempted just to give this a 4.5 rating simply because the line about the English Football team sent me into the zone of can鈥檛 stop cracking up. Fortunately, for non-football (you know, the REAL football) fans, this book has several other things going for it.
You might have heard of John Sutherland. He wrote those question books about literature, like Henry V War Criminal?. The books confront questions in literature and are well worth reading. This book is not like that. It is what it says it is 鈥� a short history of literature 鈥� written in a very easy to read almost chatty tone. If this book was a course, it would be the type that has a waiting list.
Sutherland starts with the question of what literature is and moves onto to myth. The book ends with a belief look at e-reading, including a very brief look at how fan fiction ties into literature. In many ways, the book is like that sightseeing bus tour that I keep seeing around every single city I go to. Here鈥檚 the high points, folks, type of thing. The difference is that while the bus may stop at Ford鈥檚 Theater to let people off, Sutherland strongly encourages you to go inside and then points out that you should visit the place across the street, walk a few books to that Chinese restaurant that use to be the boarding house, and plan a trip to Illinois.
It is this aspect that makes the book a joy to read even if you are a long time student or reader of literature. He might be telling you things you already know, but there is such joy in it. Not only that, Sutherland will most likely mention one author or book, even in passing that you haven鈥檛 read but now that he鈥檚 mentioned it you want to pick it up.
Part of this seems to come from Sutherland鈥檚 love of literature, and part of it seems to come from his look at literature related topics. I鈥檝e read a few histories of English literature and this is the only history I鈥檝e seen that actually addresses copyright, movies, ownership, and the reader among other things in chapters as opposed to asides in chapters about Yeats or whoever. Sutherland鈥檚 comments, in particular about the development of the reading public and influence of film on literature (or vice versa) are insightful and bring freshness to the style of book. It is like Fahrenheit 451, which Sutherland mentions as a response to the television. This book brings literary histories into the here and now, moving them out of academic circles. Unlike Bloom, this is done with a sense that the reading public is different than the academic reader. Bloom impresses you with his knowledge and ego. Sutherland just wants you to love literature as much as he does.
The book does contain a chapter on race and writing. There is attention to poetry. While feminist writing doesn鈥檛 get its own chapter, Sutherland does zero in on the topic not only in the section on Woolf, who gets her own chapter, but also on the Brontes and other women. There is a rather interesting chapter on censorship and another on empire. These make up for the fact that the book is largely English literature centric. At times, it does open up but the writers are pre-dominantly English language writers. At times, short sentences do awhile with a larger story, for example the comment about Wilde and his family. It鈥檚 true they were not a large part of his public life, but that wasn鈥檛 the only reason why they didn鈥檛 join him after his release from jail.
Still, Sutherland鈥檚 history is a wonderful history. Absolutely wonderful.
It has nice pictures too.
I鈥檓 tempted just to give this a 4.5 rating simply because the line about the English Football team sent me into the zone of can鈥檛 stop cracking up. Fortunately, for non-football (you know, the REAL football) fans, this book has several other things going for it.
You might have heard of John Sutherland. He wrote those question books about literature, like Henry V War Criminal?. The books confront questions in literature and are well worth reading. This book is not like that. It is what it says it is 鈥� a short history of literature 鈥� written in a very easy to read almost chatty tone. If this book was a course, it would be the type that has a waiting list.
Sutherland starts with the question of what literature is and moves onto to myth. The book ends with a belief look at e-reading, including a very brief look at how fan fiction ties into literature. In many ways, the book is like that sightseeing bus tour that I keep seeing around every single city I go to. Here鈥檚 the high points, folks, type of thing. The difference is that while the bus may stop at Ford鈥檚 Theater to let people off, Sutherland strongly encourages you to go inside and then points out that you should visit the place across the street, walk a few books to that Chinese restaurant that use to be the boarding house, and plan a trip to Illinois.
It is this aspect that makes the book a joy to read even if you are a long time student or reader of literature. He might be telling you things you already know, but there is such joy in it. Not only that, Sutherland will most likely mention one author or book, even in passing that you haven鈥檛 read but now that he鈥檚 mentioned it you want to pick it up.
Part of this seems to come from Sutherland鈥檚 love of literature, and part of it seems to come from his look at literature related topics. I鈥檝e read a few histories of English literature and this is the only history I鈥檝e seen that actually addresses copyright, movies, ownership, and the reader among other things in chapters as opposed to asides in chapters about Yeats or whoever. Sutherland鈥檚 comments, in particular about the development of the reading public and influence of film on literature (or vice versa) are insightful and bring freshness to the style of book. It is like Fahrenheit 451, which Sutherland mentions as a response to the television. This book brings literary histories into the here and now, moving them out of academic circles. Unlike Bloom, this is done with a sense that the reading public is different than the academic reader. Bloom impresses you with his knowledge and ego. Sutherland just wants you to love literature as much as he does.
The book does contain a chapter on race and writing. There is attention to poetry. While feminist writing doesn鈥檛 get its own chapter, Sutherland does zero in on the topic not only in the section on Woolf, who gets her own chapter, but also on the Brontes and other women. There is a rather interesting chapter on censorship and another on empire. These make up for the fact that the book is largely English literature centric. At times, it does open up but the writers are pre-dominantly English language writers. At times, short sentences do awhile with a larger story, for example the comment about Wilde and his family. It鈥檚 true they were not a large part of his public life, but that wasn鈥檛 the only reason why they didn鈥檛 join him after his release from jail.
Still, Sutherland鈥檚 history is a wonderful history. Absolutely wonderful.
It has nice pictures too.
November 21, 2019
Yorum yazan di臒er okurlar gibi kitab谋n ad谋 i莽eri臒ini tam yans谋tm谋yor. Anglo-sakson edebiyat谋 ve 枚zellikle 艧iir a臒谋rl谋kl谋. Her艧eye kar艧谋n 莽ok sade ve derli-toplu g眉zel bilgiler veriyor. Derin analizler ve ayr谋nt谋larla hi莽 yormuyor. Kendinize yararl谋 olacak bir莽ok bilgiyi mutlaka bulacaks谋n谋z. Okuman谋z谋 枚neririm.
June 18, 2021
A Little History by John Sutherland is a fantastic summary of the evolution of language and literature over the past few millennium, from the Greek Tragedies and epics of Homer, all the way to the present day.
To summarise and explain so much without skimming over details but also not going into to much depth is a feat in itself, and on top of this John Sutherland adds humour and energy, so that if you are not incredibly interested in the history of English literature, I believe that you will still enjoy this.
I learned so much reading this, and alongside this, A Little History of literature has exposed me to writers who I had not previously read, but now my TBR pile has risen sharply and I know that there are many more authors over the centuries that I need ro check out.
5/5 STARS
To summarise and explain so much without skimming over details but also not going into to much depth is a feat in itself, and on top of this John Sutherland adds humour and energy, so that if you are not incredibly interested in the history of English literature, I believe that you will still enjoy this.
I learned so much reading this, and alongside this, A Little History of literature has exposed me to writers who I had not previously read, but now my TBR pile has risen sharply and I know that there are many more authors over the centuries that I need ro check out.
5/5 STARS
September 9, 2019
鈥淎 Little History of Literature鈥� (orijinal ad谋 da ayn谋ym谋艧 onu vurguluyorum burada, Alfa'l谋k bir durum yok) 莽ok 陌ngiliz / 陌ngilizce bir k谋sa tarih olmu艧. Tamam, a臒谋rl谋klar谋 tartacak kadar edebiyata hakim de臒ilim ama t眉m yazarlara ayr谋lan b枚l眉mler 陌ngiliz yazarlar, di臒er bir莽ok b枚l眉m 陌ngilizce eserler 眉zerinden d枚n眉yor. Balzac, Goethe, Tolstoy ve Dostoyevski鈥檔in bir iki yerde adlar谋 ge莽iyor (nezaketen san谋r谋m). H谋rs yapt谋m indeksi a莽t谋m:
(rakamlar谋m谋zda +/- olabilir, 莽ok da didiklemedim benim manyakl谋臒谋m谋n da bir s谋n谋r谋 var)
William Shakespeare: 40 (helal olsun yi臒idime)
Jane Austen: 30
Charles Dickens: 26
Krali莽e Victoria: 23
Virginia Woolf: 17
Geoffrey Chaucer: 15
Thomas Hardy: 15
Eserleriyle birlikte toplarsak oranlar daha da ezici boyutlara ula艧acakt谋r. Konuyla ilgili ba艧ka bir 艧ey dememe gerek yok san谋r谋m. A莽谋k莽as谋 bu durumu protesto etmek amac谋yla 3 y谋ld谋z verdim. Asl谋nda gayet g眉zel b枚l眉mler mevcut daha fazla puan谋 hak ediyor diyebilirim.
Yazar谋n tercihlerini bir kenara b谋rak谋p (nihayet) 眉z眉m pe艧inde ko艧maya ba艧layabiliriz,
1. B枚l眉m - Edebiyat Nedir?
"Edebiyat bir莽ok anlay谋艧l谋 ki艧inin hayat谋nda 枚nemli rol oynar. Evde, okulda, arkada艧lar谋m谋zdan ve daha bilge ve zeki ki艧ilerden bir s眉r眉 艧ey 枚臒reniriz. Ama bildi臒imiz en k谋ymetli 艧eylerin bir莽o臒u, okudu臒umuz edebiyattan gelir. 陌yi okursak, kendi d枚nemimizin ve ge莽mi艧in en yarat谋c谋 zihinleriyle sohbet etmi艧 oluruz. Edebiyat okuyarak ge莽irilen zaman, iyi ge莽irilmi艧 zamand谋r. Hi莽 kimse bunun aksini s枚yleyemez. "(13)
Edebiyat nas谋l tan谋mlan谋r?
"...edebiyat谋 insan zihninin 莽evresindeki d眉nyay谋 ifade etme ve yorumlama yetene臒inin zirvesi olarak tan谋mlamak daha yerinde olacakt谋r." (17)
Neden edebiyat okuruz?
"脟眉nk眉 ba艧ka hi莽bir 艧eyin ba艧aramayaca臒谋 艧ekillerde hayat谋 zenginle艧tirir. Bizi daha insan k谋lar. Edebiyat okumay谋 ne kadar iyi 枚grenirsek, bunu o kadar daha iyi yapar." (17)
7. B枚l眉m - Ozan
SHAKESPEARE
艦眉phesiz en b眉y眉k 陌ngiliz yazar. 馃憦馃憦馃憦馃憦馃憦
"Shakespeare鈥檌 鈥渁莽谋klamay谋鈥� hi莽bir zaman ba艧aramayaca臒谋z ve bu beyhude bir 莽aba. Bunun yerine Shakespeare鈥檌n ba艧ar谋lar谋n谋 takdir edebiliriz ve tablo 莽ok eksik olsa da onu 陌ngiliz dilindeki en b眉y眉k yazar k谋lan 艧eylerin ipu莽lar谋n谋 bulmak i莽in hayat谋n谋 anahatlar谋yla 莽izebiliriz..." (62)
Birden fazla Shakespeare iddias谋 vard谋r bilirsiniz. Yazar bunu makul bulmuyor. (68)
Kitap Tavsiyeleri:
- Kuru G眉r眉lt眉
- K谋sasa K谋sas
11. B枚l眉m - Edebiyat谋n 鈥淪ahibi鈥� Kim?
BASIM, YAYIN VE TEL陌F HAKKI
鈥淵azar谋n eme臒inin 眉r眉n眉 oldu臒u i莽in kitaplardan s枚z ederken 陌ngilizcede 鈥榚debi eser鈥� anlam谋na gelen 鈥榳ork of literature鈥� ifadesini kullan谋r谋z. Yay谋nc谋lar bu edebi eserler i莽in 陌ngilizcede 'sahiplik' anlam谋na gelen 鈥榯itle鈥� s枚zc眉臒眉 kullan谋l谋r. Son olarak kitaplar 莽o臒alt谋l谋p sat谋艧a sunuldu臒unda birer 鈥榢opya鈥� olur: 艦u anda elinizde benim eserimin bir kopyas谋n谋 bulunduruyorsunuz. Bu taraflar谋n her biri esere farkl谋 bi莽imde 'sahip olur.' Kitapseverlerin bulu艧tu臒u bir parti d眉艧眉n眉n. Partinin ev sahibi, zengin kitapl谋臒谋n谋 g枚stererek gururlu bir ifadeyle 'Bunlar da benim kitaplar谋m!' der. Kitapl谋臒谋 g枚zden ge莽iren bir yazar ne艧eyle 'G枚r眉yorum ki benim kitaplar谋mdan birine sahipsiniz - ho艧unuza gitti mi?' diye sorar. Kitaplar谋 inceleyen bir yay谋nc谋ysa 'Bizim kitaplar谋m谋zdan bir莽o臒una sahip oldu臒unuzu g枚rmek mutluluk verici' der. Bir anlamda hepsi hakl谋d谋r: Ev sahibi fiziksel objelere, yazar orijinal s枚zc眉klere ve yay谋nc谋 da 枚zel formata sahiptir. Bu g眉n眉m眉zde bir kitab谋n yaz谋lmas谋, yay谋mlanmas谋 ve sat谋n al谋nmas谋yla ilgili bir莽ok farkl谋 ki艧i ve s眉rece i艧aret eder. 鈥� (99)
12.B脰L脺M - Kurgu Evi
鈥淏眉t眉n iyi kurgular gibi Don Ki艧ot da bizi ikilemde b谋rak谋r. Ahmak m谋 yoksa cana yak谋n bir idealist mi? Bu belirsizlik, 枚yk眉den yola 莽谋k谋larak genel olarak kullan谋lmaya ba艧lanan 鈥榙onki艧otvari鈥� s枚zc眉臒眉nde kendini g枚sterir.鈥� (111)
鈥�... Ancak 1688鈥檇e yay谋mlanan Oroonoko (Soylu K枚le) adl谋 kurgu 枚yk眉s眉, hakl谋 olarak Behn鈥檌n ba艧yap谋t谋 olarak kabul edilir. Arphra Behn, Wesminister Katedraline defnedildi; bu onura lay谋k g枚r眉len ilk kad谋n yazard谋. Virginia Woolf, Behn鈥檌n mezar谋n谋n ba艧谋nda 鈥楤眉t眉n kad谋nlar birle艧ip onun mezar谋na 莽i莽ekler b谋rakmal谋鈥� 脟眉nk眉 kad谋nlar谋n konu艧ma hakk谋n谋 Aphra Behn kazand谋rd谋鈥� demi艧tir. 鈥� (114)
Henry James roman谋 "kurgu evi" olarak nitelendirirmi艧. (b枚l眉m ba艧l谋臒谋na ithafen)
15. B枚l眉m - Romantik Devrimciler
1789-1832 aras谋 diyor. Frans谋z Devrimiyle ba艧layan bir s眉re莽. 脰z眉nde ideoloji bulunan ilk edebi hareket. 陌deoloji d眉nyay谋 de臒i艧tirmeyi ama莽lar, Romantizmin 枚z眉nde de bu vard谋r. 鈥淓debiyat谋n yaz谋lma ve okunma 艧eklini sonsuza dek de臒i艧tirmi艧tir鈥� der yazar谋m谋z.
18. B枚l眉m - Dev Dickens
鈥淐harles Dickens鈥櫮眓 (1812-70) gelmi艧 ge莽mi艧 en usta 陌ngiliz romanc谋 oldu臒una 莽ok az ki艧i kar艧谋 莽谋kacakt谋r. 鈥楾art谋艧maya bile gerek鈥� yok diyebiliriz. Kendisinin e艧siz oldu臒unu d眉艧眉nen ve kendini tarif ederken 鈥楾aklit Edilmez鈥� s谋fat谋n谋 kullanan Dickens b谋rak谋n bu t眉r bir sorunun sorulmas谋n谋, bunun d眉艧眉n眉lm眉艧 olmas谋n谋 bile sayg谋s谋zl谋k kabul edip 枚fkeli bak谋艧lar f谋rlatabilirdi.鈥� (161)
Bu kadar m眉tevazi olmasayd谋n 眉stad谋m ger莽ek sanan olur bak. :)
Yazar Dickens鈥櫮眓 gelmi艧 ge莽mi艧 en b眉y眉k romanc谋 oldu臒unu iddia eder ve bunu be艧 maddeyle a莽谋klar, kitaptan bakabilirsiniz. (163-169)
Edebiyat谋n b眉t眉n b眉y眉k yazarlar谋 gibi Dickens da sadece b眉y眉k eserler vermekle kalmam谋艧, ayn谋 zamanda ba艧kalar谋n谋n da b眉y眉k eserler vermesine yol a莽m谋艧t谋r. (165)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- B眉y眉k Umutlar
- Oliver Twist
- Kasvetli Ev
- M眉艧terek Dostumuz
25. B枚l眉m - Tehlikeli Kitaplar
EDEB陌YAT VE SANS脺R
Milton, ifade 枚zg眉rl眉臒眉n眉眉 i艧leyen Areopagitica (1644) adl谋 eserinde 艧u ifadelere yer verdi:
鈥溎皔i bir kitab谋 枚ld眉rmek neredeyse bir insan谋 枚ld眉rmekle ayn谋d谋r: Bir insan谋 枚ld眉ren ki艧i akl谋n谋 kullanan bir canl谋y谋, Tanr谋鈥檔谋n suretini 枚ld眉r眉r; iyi bir kitab谋 yok eden ki艧iyse akl谋n kendisini 枚ld眉r眉r鈥︹€� (225)
Nerdeyse 陌kinci D眉nya Sava艧谋 sonuna kadar sans眉r var her yerde. Fransa'da nispeten az.
脟ok g眉zel bir b枚l眉m, ufuk a莽谋c谋. 馃馃馃
29. B枚l眉m Kendine Ait Bir Edebiyat
WOOLF
鈥淲oolf hayattayken eserlerinin sat谋艧 rakamlar谋 y眉zleri ge莽memi艧ti.鈥� (262) :(
鈥淲oolf鈥檜n Kendine Ait Bir Oda adl谋 eseri, edebi feminizmin temel metinlerinden biri haline gelmi艧tir. Woolf bu eserinde kad谋nlar谋n edebiyat 眉retebilmek i莽in kendi alan谋n谋 ve maddi g眉c眉n眉 elinde bulundurmas谋 gerekti臒ini ileri s眉rer. Kad谋n, evin erke臒i i莽in ak艧am yeme臒i pi艧irdikten ve 莽ocuklar谋 g眉ven i莽inde yata臒谋na yat谋rd谋ktan sonra mutfak masas谋nda edebi eserler yazamaz... Kendine Ait Bir Oda ate艧li bir 枚fke y眉kl眉d眉r. Binlerce y谋ld谋r edebiyat谋n dengesini bozan e艧itsizlikleri ortadan kald谋rmak ve adaleti sa臒lamak i莽in kararl谋l谋臒谋n谋 ortaya koyar. Kad谋n谋n sesi art谋k bast谋r谋lmamal谋d谋r... (263)鈥�
Mrs. Dalloway 眉zerinden 鈥渂ilin莽 ak谋艧谋鈥� tekni臒inden bahsediyor. O k谋s谋mlar谋 da incelemeye de臒er. 267-269 aras谋.
Kitap Tavsiyesi
- Kendine Ait Bir Oda (陌tiraf谋md谋r: ben ba艧lad谋yd谋m buna ama kitap bir t眉rl眉 ba艧lamad谋yd谋)
30. B枚l眉m - Cesur Yeni D眉nyalar
脺TOPYALAR VE KAR艦I 脺TOPYALAR
鈥溍渢opya tam anlam谋yla 鈥榠yi yer鈥� demek olan Antik Yunanca s枚zc眉kt眉r.鈥� (270)
Baz谋 yazarlar da 艧imdi ya艧ad谋臒谋m谋z d眉nyadan daha iyisini yaratmaktan uzakla艧t谋臒谋m谋z谋 d眉艧眉n眉r. 19. Y眉zy谋lda 艧ehirle艧me ve Sanayi Devrimi nedeniyle yitirilen romantikle艧tirilmi艧 orta莽a臒 adetlerine duyulan bir 枚zlem vard谋r. Sadeli臒e geri d枚n眉艧眉 savunan bu 眉topyalar ge莽mi艧e 枚zlem duyar. (271)
鈥�... Edebiyat en 莽ok ele艧tirel, 艧眉pheci ve a莽谋k莽a kavgac谋 bir tutum benimsedi臒i zaman okunur. 鈥楰ar艧谋 脺topya鈥� ad谋 verilen eserler, daha canl谋 bir okuma deneyimi sunar ve okuyucuyu ge莽mi艧teki, g眉n眉m眉zdeki ve gelecekteki toplumlar hakk谋nda daha fazla d眉艧眉nmeye sevk eder. 鈥� (272)
鈥淏radbury a莽谋k莽a 1930鈥檒arda Nazilerin kitaplar谋 yakmas谋ndan ilham alm谋艧t谋r.鈥� (273)
31. B枚l眉m - Sihirbazl谋k Seti
KARMA艦IK ANLATILAR
鈥淜urgu, hedefi do臒ru belirlenirse toplumsal bir reformun 枚nc眉s眉 olabilir.鈥� (279)
鈥淜urgudan hayat谋m谋zda bize yard谋mc谋 olacak 艧eyleri se莽ip al谋r谋z. Edebiyat en g枚rkemli haliyle bize hayattaki en 枚nemli 艧eylerin ne oldu臒unu g枚sterebilir鈥�
Ancak burada kurgunun yapt谋臒谋 en ilgin莽 艧eylerden birini ele almak istiyorum: Kurgu kendi kendini ke艧feder, kendisiyle oyunlar oynar ve kendi s谋n谋rlar谋n谋 ve becerilerini test eder. Kurgu en 莽ok kendini bilen ve en oyunbaz olan t眉rd眉r. Bu b枚l眉mde kurgunun 鈥榮ihirbazl谋k setini inceleyece臒iz. Bunlara romanlar hakk谋ndaki romanlar da diyebilirsiniz. 鈥� (280)
鈥淩omanlar谋n谋 ger莽ek anlamda parampar莽a eden yazarlar da 莽谋km谋艧t谋r. 脰rne臒in b.S. Johnson, The Unfortunates (1969) adl谋 roman谋n谋 ciltlenmemi艧 bir 艧ekilde yay谋mlam谋艧t谋r. Okurlar deste halindeki sayfalar谋 diledi臒i s谋rayla okuyabilir. Tam bir sihirbazl谋k seti. K眉t眉phaneciler ve okurlar i莽in e臒lenceli bir u臒ra艧.鈥� (287)
Kitaba verece臒im puan谋 artt谋racak cinsten bir b枚l眉md眉. (art谋ramad谋, domuz gibiyim ya, ver i艧te d枚rt-be艧, yok ya yukar谋da Edebiyat Tanr谋lar谋 var, olur mu 枚yle hi莽)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- Tristram Shandy Beyefendi'nin Hayat谋 ve G枚r眉艧leri, Laurence Sterne
- 10 陆 B枚l眉mde D眉nya Tarihi, Julian Barnes
- Pamuk prenses, Donald Barthelme
- Bir K谋艧 Gecesi E臒er Bir Yolcu, Italo Calvino
32. B枚l眉m - Sayfalar谋n D谋艧谋nda
F陌LM, TELEV陌ZYON VE SAHNEDE EDEB陌YAT
鈥溎皌alyanca Traduttore, traditore deyiminde ifade edildi臒i gibi 莽evirinin orijinal metne 鈥榠hanet鈥� oldu臒u s枚ylenebilir. O halde uyarlama bir ad谋m daha ileri giderek orjinal metnin g眉l眉n莽 bir taklidini mi sunar? Yoksa zenginle艧tirir mi? 鈥︹€� (296)
33. B枚l眉m - Abs眉rd Varolu艧lar
Edebiyatta en 莽ok merak uyand谋ran a莽谋l谋艧 c眉mlelerinin listesi yap谋lsayd谋, a艧a臒谋daki c眉mle kesinlikle ilk on i莽inde yer al谋rd谋:
鈥淕regor Samsa s谋k谋nt谋l谋 ruyalarla ge莽en bir gecenin ard谋ndan sabah g枚zlerini a莽t谋臒谋nda kendini yata臒谋nda dev bir b枚ce臒e d枚n眉艧m眉艧 halde buldu.鈥� (297)
Kafka veremden 40 ya艧谋nda 枚lm眉艧. Max Brod vasiyetini dinlese t眉m kitaplar谋 yak谋lacak. (298)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- 艦ato, Kafka
36. B枚l眉m - B眉y眉l眉 Ger莽eklik
Edebiyat谋n en parlak d枚nemlerinden biri diyor 鈥淏眉y眉l眉 Ger莽eklik鈥� zaman谋n谋. G眉ney Amerika'ya sevgilerle.
Kitap tavsiyesi:
- Teneke Trampet, G眉nter Grass
- Gece Yar谋s谋 脟ocuklar谋, Salman R眉艧di
- Ma臒ara, Saramago
40. B枚l眉m Edebiyat 脰mr眉m眉zde... Ve 脰tesinde
Edebiyat谋n gelece臒i 眉zerine g眉zel bir zihin jimnasti臒i.
Di臒er Kitap Tavsiyeleri:
- Moby Dick, Herman Melville
- Soylu K枚le (Oroonoko), Aphra Behn
- Gurur ve 脰nyarg谋, Jane Austen
- Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bront毛
- U臒ultulu Tepeler, Emily Bront毛
- Ciddi Olman谋n 脰nemi, Wilde
- Tom Amcan谋n Kul眉besi, Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Gazap 脺z眉mleri, John Steinbeck
- Tom Sawyer'谋n maceralar谋, Mark Twain (Twain鈥檒e de yeni kap谋艧t谋k, nas谋l olacaksa)
- Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain
- Ads谋z Sans谋z Bir Jude, Thomas Hardy
- Karanl谋臒谋n Y眉re臒i, Joseph Conrad
- Kap谋c谋, Harold Pinter
- Rosencrantz ve Guildenstern 脰ld眉ler, Tom Stoppard
Not: kitap tavsiyeleri dedi臒im k谋sa tarihte ge莽en kitaplardan benim okumad谋klar谋m aras谋ndan se莽tiklerim, zaten bir 艧ey de okumam谋艧谋m. :((
(rakamlar谋m谋zda +/- olabilir, 莽ok da didiklemedim benim manyakl谋臒谋m谋n da bir s谋n谋r谋 var)
William Shakespeare: 40 (helal olsun yi臒idime)
Jane Austen: 30
Charles Dickens: 26
Krali莽e Victoria: 23
Virginia Woolf: 17
Geoffrey Chaucer: 15
Thomas Hardy: 15
Eserleriyle birlikte toplarsak oranlar daha da ezici boyutlara ula艧acakt谋r. Konuyla ilgili ba艧ka bir 艧ey dememe gerek yok san谋r谋m. A莽谋k莽as谋 bu durumu protesto etmek amac谋yla 3 y谋ld谋z verdim. Asl谋nda gayet g眉zel b枚l眉mler mevcut daha fazla puan谋 hak ediyor diyebilirim.
Yazar谋n tercihlerini bir kenara b谋rak谋p (nihayet) 眉z眉m pe艧inde ko艧maya ba艧layabiliriz,
1. B枚l眉m - Edebiyat Nedir?
"Edebiyat bir莽ok anlay谋艧l谋 ki艧inin hayat谋nda 枚nemli rol oynar. Evde, okulda, arkada艧lar谋m谋zdan ve daha bilge ve zeki ki艧ilerden bir s眉r眉 艧ey 枚臒reniriz. Ama bildi臒imiz en k谋ymetli 艧eylerin bir莽o臒u, okudu臒umuz edebiyattan gelir. 陌yi okursak, kendi d枚nemimizin ve ge莽mi艧in en yarat谋c谋 zihinleriyle sohbet etmi艧 oluruz. Edebiyat okuyarak ge莽irilen zaman, iyi ge莽irilmi艧 zamand谋r. Hi莽 kimse bunun aksini s枚yleyemez. "(13)
Edebiyat nas谋l tan谋mlan谋r?
"...edebiyat谋 insan zihninin 莽evresindeki d眉nyay谋 ifade etme ve yorumlama yetene臒inin zirvesi olarak tan谋mlamak daha yerinde olacakt谋r." (17)
Neden edebiyat okuruz?
"脟眉nk眉 ba艧ka hi莽bir 艧eyin ba艧aramayaca臒谋 艧ekillerde hayat谋 zenginle艧tirir. Bizi daha insan k谋lar. Edebiyat okumay谋 ne kadar iyi 枚grenirsek, bunu o kadar daha iyi yapar." (17)
7. B枚l眉m - Ozan
SHAKESPEARE
艦眉phesiz en b眉y眉k 陌ngiliz yazar. 馃憦馃憦馃憦馃憦馃憦
"Shakespeare鈥檌 鈥渁莽谋klamay谋鈥� hi莽bir zaman ba艧aramayaca臒谋z ve bu beyhude bir 莽aba. Bunun yerine Shakespeare鈥檌n ba艧ar谋lar谋n谋 takdir edebiliriz ve tablo 莽ok eksik olsa da onu 陌ngiliz dilindeki en b眉y眉k yazar k谋lan 艧eylerin ipu莽lar谋n谋 bulmak i莽in hayat谋n谋 anahatlar谋yla 莽izebiliriz..." (62)
Birden fazla Shakespeare iddias谋 vard谋r bilirsiniz. Yazar bunu makul bulmuyor. (68)
Kitap Tavsiyeleri:
- Kuru G眉r眉lt眉
- K谋sasa K谋sas
11. B枚l眉m - Edebiyat谋n 鈥淪ahibi鈥� Kim?
BASIM, YAYIN VE TEL陌F HAKKI
鈥淵azar谋n eme臒inin 眉r眉n眉 oldu臒u i莽in kitaplardan s枚z ederken 陌ngilizcede 鈥榚debi eser鈥� anlam谋na gelen 鈥榳ork of literature鈥� ifadesini kullan谋r谋z. Yay谋nc谋lar bu edebi eserler i莽in 陌ngilizcede 'sahiplik' anlam谋na gelen 鈥榯itle鈥� s枚zc眉臒眉 kullan谋l谋r. Son olarak kitaplar 莽o臒alt谋l谋p sat谋艧a sunuldu臒unda birer 鈥榢opya鈥� olur: 艦u anda elinizde benim eserimin bir kopyas谋n谋 bulunduruyorsunuz. Bu taraflar谋n her biri esere farkl谋 bi莽imde 'sahip olur.' Kitapseverlerin bulu艧tu臒u bir parti d眉艧眉n眉n. Partinin ev sahibi, zengin kitapl谋臒谋n谋 g枚stererek gururlu bir ifadeyle 'Bunlar da benim kitaplar谋m!' der. Kitapl谋臒谋 g枚zden ge莽iren bir yazar ne艧eyle 'G枚r眉yorum ki benim kitaplar谋mdan birine sahipsiniz - ho艧unuza gitti mi?' diye sorar. Kitaplar谋 inceleyen bir yay谋nc谋ysa 'Bizim kitaplar谋m谋zdan bir莽o臒una sahip oldu臒unuzu g枚rmek mutluluk verici' der. Bir anlamda hepsi hakl谋d谋r: Ev sahibi fiziksel objelere, yazar orijinal s枚zc眉klere ve yay谋nc谋 da 枚zel formata sahiptir. Bu g眉n眉m眉zde bir kitab谋n yaz谋lmas谋, yay谋mlanmas谋 ve sat谋n al谋nmas谋yla ilgili bir莽ok farkl谋 ki艧i ve s眉rece i艧aret eder. 鈥� (99)
12.B脰L脺M - Kurgu Evi
鈥淏眉t眉n iyi kurgular gibi Don Ki艧ot da bizi ikilemde b谋rak谋r. Ahmak m谋 yoksa cana yak谋n bir idealist mi? Bu belirsizlik, 枚yk眉den yola 莽谋k谋larak genel olarak kullan谋lmaya ba艧lanan 鈥榙onki艧otvari鈥� s枚zc眉臒眉nde kendini g枚sterir.鈥� (111)
鈥�... Ancak 1688鈥檇e yay谋mlanan Oroonoko (Soylu K枚le) adl谋 kurgu 枚yk眉s眉, hakl谋 olarak Behn鈥檌n ba艧yap谋t谋 olarak kabul edilir. Arphra Behn, Wesminister Katedraline defnedildi; bu onura lay谋k g枚r眉len ilk kad谋n yazard谋. Virginia Woolf, Behn鈥檌n mezar谋n谋n ba艧谋nda 鈥楤眉t眉n kad谋nlar birle艧ip onun mezar谋na 莽i莽ekler b谋rakmal谋鈥� 脟眉nk眉 kad谋nlar谋n konu艧ma hakk谋n谋 Aphra Behn kazand谋rd谋鈥� demi艧tir. 鈥� (114)
Henry James roman谋 "kurgu evi" olarak nitelendirirmi艧. (b枚l眉m ba艧l谋臒谋na ithafen)
15. B枚l眉m - Romantik Devrimciler
1789-1832 aras谋 diyor. Frans谋z Devrimiyle ba艧layan bir s眉re莽. 脰z眉nde ideoloji bulunan ilk edebi hareket. 陌deoloji d眉nyay谋 de臒i艧tirmeyi ama莽lar, Romantizmin 枚z眉nde de bu vard谋r. 鈥淓debiyat谋n yaz谋lma ve okunma 艧eklini sonsuza dek de臒i艧tirmi艧tir鈥� der yazar谋m谋z.
18. B枚l眉m - Dev Dickens
鈥淐harles Dickens鈥櫮眓 (1812-70) gelmi艧 ge莽mi艧 en usta 陌ngiliz romanc谋 oldu臒una 莽ok az ki艧i kar艧谋 莽谋kacakt谋r. 鈥楾art谋艧maya bile gerek鈥� yok diyebiliriz. Kendisinin e艧siz oldu臒unu d眉艧眉nen ve kendini tarif ederken 鈥楾aklit Edilmez鈥� s谋fat谋n谋 kullanan Dickens b谋rak谋n bu t眉r bir sorunun sorulmas谋n谋, bunun d眉艧眉n眉lm眉艧 olmas谋n谋 bile sayg谋s谋zl谋k kabul edip 枚fkeli bak谋艧lar f谋rlatabilirdi.鈥� (161)
Bu kadar m眉tevazi olmasayd谋n 眉stad谋m ger莽ek sanan olur bak. :)
Yazar Dickens鈥櫮眓 gelmi艧 ge莽mi艧 en b眉y眉k romanc谋 oldu臒unu iddia eder ve bunu be艧 maddeyle a莽谋klar, kitaptan bakabilirsiniz. (163-169)
Edebiyat谋n b眉t眉n b眉y眉k yazarlar谋 gibi Dickens da sadece b眉y眉k eserler vermekle kalmam谋艧, ayn谋 zamanda ba艧kalar谋n谋n da b眉y眉k eserler vermesine yol a莽m谋艧t谋r. (165)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- B眉y眉k Umutlar
- Oliver Twist
- Kasvetli Ev
- M眉艧terek Dostumuz
25. B枚l眉m - Tehlikeli Kitaplar
EDEB陌YAT VE SANS脺R
Milton, ifade 枚zg眉rl眉臒眉n眉眉 i艧leyen Areopagitica (1644) adl谋 eserinde 艧u ifadelere yer verdi:
鈥溎皔i bir kitab谋 枚ld眉rmek neredeyse bir insan谋 枚ld眉rmekle ayn谋d谋r: Bir insan谋 枚ld眉ren ki艧i akl谋n谋 kullanan bir canl谋y谋, Tanr谋鈥檔谋n suretini 枚ld眉r眉r; iyi bir kitab谋 yok eden ki艧iyse akl谋n kendisini 枚ld眉r眉r鈥︹€� (225)
Nerdeyse 陌kinci D眉nya Sava艧谋 sonuna kadar sans眉r var her yerde. Fransa'da nispeten az.
脟ok g眉zel bir b枚l眉m, ufuk a莽谋c谋. 馃馃馃
29. B枚l眉m Kendine Ait Bir Edebiyat
WOOLF
鈥淲oolf hayattayken eserlerinin sat谋艧 rakamlar谋 y眉zleri ge莽memi艧ti.鈥� (262) :(
鈥淲oolf鈥檜n Kendine Ait Bir Oda adl谋 eseri, edebi feminizmin temel metinlerinden biri haline gelmi艧tir. Woolf bu eserinde kad谋nlar谋n edebiyat 眉retebilmek i莽in kendi alan谋n谋 ve maddi g眉c眉n眉 elinde bulundurmas谋 gerekti臒ini ileri s眉rer. Kad谋n, evin erke臒i i莽in ak艧am yeme臒i pi艧irdikten ve 莽ocuklar谋 g眉ven i莽inde yata臒谋na yat谋rd谋ktan sonra mutfak masas谋nda edebi eserler yazamaz... Kendine Ait Bir Oda ate艧li bir 枚fke y眉kl眉d眉r. Binlerce y谋ld谋r edebiyat谋n dengesini bozan e艧itsizlikleri ortadan kald谋rmak ve adaleti sa臒lamak i莽in kararl谋l谋臒谋n谋 ortaya koyar. Kad谋n谋n sesi art谋k bast谋r谋lmamal谋d谋r... (263)鈥�
Mrs. Dalloway 眉zerinden 鈥渂ilin莽 ak谋艧谋鈥� tekni臒inden bahsediyor. O k谋s谋mlar谋 da incelemeye de臒er. 267-269 aras谋.
Kitap Tavsiyesi
- Kendine Ait Bir Oda (陌tiraf谋md谋r: ben ba艧lad谋yd谋m buna ama kitap bir t眉rl眉 ba艧lamad谋yd谋)
30. B枚l眉m - Cesur Yeni D眉nyalar
脺TOPYALAR VE KAR艦I 脺TOPYALAR
鈥溍渢opya tam anlam谋yla 鈥榠yi yer鈥� demek olan Antik Yunanca s枚zc眉kt眉r.鈥� (270)
Baz谋 yazarlar da 艧imdi ya艧ad谋臒谋m谋z d眉nyadan daha iyisini yaratmaktan uzakla艧t谋臒谋m谋z谋 d眉艧眉n眉r. 19. Y眉zy谋lda 艧ehirle艧me ve Sanayi Devrimi nedeniyle yitirilen romantikle艧tirilmi艧 orta莽a臒 adetlerine duyulan bir 枚zlem vard谋r. Sadeli臒e geri d枚n眉艧眉 savunan bu 眉topyalar ge莽mi艧e 枚zlem duyar. (271)
鈥�... Edebiyat en 莽ok ele艧tirel, 艧眉pheci ve a莽谋k莽a kavgac谋 bir tutum benimsedi臒i zaman okunur. 鈥楰ar艧谋 脺topya鈥� ad谋 verilen eserler, daha canl谋 bir okuma deneyimi sunar ve okuyucuyu ge莽mi艧teki, g眉n眉m眉zdeki ve gelecekteki toplumlar hakk谋nda daha fazla d眉艧眉nmeye sevk eder. 鈥� (272)
鈥淏radbury a莽谋k莽a 1930鈥檒arda Nazilerin kitaplar谋 yakmas谋ndan ilham alm谋艧t谋r.鈥� (273)
31. B枚l眉m - Sihirbazl谋k Seti
KARMA艦IK ANLATILAR
鈥淜urgu, hedefi do臒ru belirlenirse toplumsal bir reformun 枚nc眉s眉 olabilir.鈥� (279)
鈥淜urgudan hayat谋m谋zda bize yard谋mc谋 olacak 艧eyleri se莽ip al谋r谋z. Edebiyat en g枚rkemli haliyle bize hayattaki en 枚nemli 艧eylerin ne oldu臒unu g枚sterebilir鈥�
Ancak burada kurgunun yapt谋臒谋 en ilgin莽 艧eylerden birini ele almak istiyorum: Kurgu kendi kendini ke艧feder, kendisiyle oyunlar oynar ve kendi s谋n谋rlar谋n谋 ve becerilerini test eder. Kurgu en 莽ok kendini bilen ve en oyunbaz olan t眉rd眉r. Bu b枚l眉mde kurgunun 鈥榮ihirbazl谋k setini inceleyece臒iz. Bunlara romanlar hakk谋ndaki romanlar da diyebilirsiniz. 鈥� (280)
鈥淩omanlar谋n谋 ger莽ek anlamda parampar莽a eden yazarlar da 莽谋km谋艧t谋r. 脰rne臒in b.S. Johnson, The Unfortunates (1969) adl谋 roman谋n谋 ciltlenmemi艧 bir 艧ekilde yay谋mlam谋艧t谋r. Okurlar deste halindeki sayfalar谋 diledi臒i s谋rayla okuyabilir. Tam bir sihirbazl谋k seti. K眉t眉phaneciler ve okurlar i莽in e臒lenceli bir u臒ra艧.鈥� (287)
Kitaba verece臒im puan谋 artt谋racak cinsten bir b枚l眉md眉. (art谋ramad谋, domuz gibiyim ya, ver i艧te d枚rt-be艧, yok ya yukar谋da Edebiyat Tanr谋lar谋 var, olur mu 枚yle hi莽)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- Tristram Shandy Beyefendi'nin Hayat谋 ve G枚r眉艧leri, Laurence Sterne
- 10 陆 B枚l眉mde D眉nya Tarihi, Julian Barnes
- Pamuk prenses, Donald Barthelme
- Bir K谋艧 Gecesi E臒er Bir Yolcu, Italo Calvino
32. B枚l眉m - Sayfalar谋n D谋艧谋nda
F陌LM, TELEV陌ZYON VE SAHNEDE EDEB陌YAT
鈥溎皌alyanca Traduttore, traditore deyiminde ifade edildi臒i gibi 莽evirinin orijinal metne 鈥榠hanet鈥� oldu臒u s枚ylenebilir. O halde uyarlama bir ad谋m daha ileri giderek orjinal metnin g眉l眉n莽 bir taklidini mi sunar? Yoksa zenginle艧tirir mi? 鈥︹€� (296)
33. B枚l眉m - Abs眉rd Varolu艧lar
Edebiyatta en 莽ok merak uyand谋ran a莽谋l谋艧 c眉mlelerinin listesi yap谋lsayd谋, a艧a臒谋daki c眉mle kesinlikle ilk on i莽inde yer al谋rd谋:
鈥淕regor Samsa s谋k谋nt谋l谋 ruyalarla ge莽en bir gecenin ard谋ndan sabah g枚zlerini a莽t谋臒谋nda kendini yata臒谋nda dev bir b枚ce臒e d枚n眉艧m眉艧 halde buldu.鈥� (297)
Kafka veremden 40 ya艧谋nda 枚lm眉艧. Max Brod vasiyetini dinlese t眉m kitaplar谋 yak谋lacak. (298)
Kitap Tavsiyesi:
- 艦ato, Kafka
36. B枚l眉m - B眉y眉l眉 Ger莽eklik
Edebiyat谋n en parlak d枚nemlerinden biri diyor 鈥淏眉y眉l眉 Ger莽eklik鈥� zaman谋n谋. G眉ney Amerika'ya sevgilerle.
Kitap tavsiyesi:
- Teneke Trampet, G眉nter Grass
- Gece Yar谋s谋 脟ocuklar谋, Salman R眉艧di
- Ma臒ara, Saramago
40. B枚l眉m Edebiyat 脰mr眉m眉zde... Ve 脰tesinde
Edebiyat谋n gelece臒i 眉zerine g眉zel bir zihin jimnasti臒i.
Di臒er Kitap Tavsiyeleri:
- Moby Dick, Herman Melville
- Soylu K枚le (Oroonoko), Aphra Behn
- Gurur ve 脰nyarg谋, Jane Austen
- Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bront毛
- U臒ultulu Tepeler, Emily Bront毛
- Ciddi Olman谋n 脰nemi, Wilde
- Tom Amcan谋n Kul眉besi, Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Gazap 脺z眉mleri, John Steinbeck
- Tom Sawyer'谋n maceralar谋, Mark Twain (Twain鈥檒e de yeni kap谋艧t谋k, nas谋l olacaksa)
- Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain
- Ads谋z Sans谋z Bir Jude, Thomas Hardy
- Karanl谋臒谋n Y眉re臒i, Joseph Conrad
- Kap谋c谋, Harold Pinter
- Rosencrantz ve Guildenstern 脰ld眉ler, Tom Stoppard
Not: kitap tavsiyeleri dedi臒im k谋sa tarihte ge莽en kitaplardan benim okumad谋klar谋m aras谋ndan se莽tiklerim, zaten bir 艧ey de okumam谋艧谋m. :((
February 2, 2019
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January 11, 2021
賱賱丕爻賮 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 賲囟賱賱 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇 賮賴賵 賱丕 賷賯丿賲 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賵賲 賵 賱賰賳 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 賮賷 丕賳噩賱鬲乇丕 賵 卮賷卅丕 賲丕 賮賷 兀賲乇賷賰丕
February 3, 2019
喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔涏复喔斷笟喔椸箒喔｀竵喔斷箟喔о涪喔勦赋喔栢覆喔� 喔栢箟喔侧笗喙夃腑喔囙笗喔脆笖喙€喔佮覆喔班福喙夃覆喔囙箘喔涏笗喔ム腑喔斷笂喔掂抚喔脆笗 喔勦父喔撪笀喔班箑喔ム阜喔竵喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔ム箞喔∴箘喔笝喔曕复喔斷笗喔编抚喙勦笡 喙€喔ム阜喔竵喙勦笖喙夃箒喔勦箞喔笝喔多箞喔囙箑喔ム箞喔∴箑喔椸箞喔侧笝喔编箟喔� 喙佮笝喔о竸喔脆笖喔佮箛喔勦阜喔� 喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔浮喔掂笀喔赤笝喔о笝喔∴斧喔侧辅喔侧弗 喙佮笗喙堗笂喔掂抚喔脆笗喔勦笝喙€喔｀覆喔權副喙夃笝喔副喙夃笝 喔∴傅喙€喔о弗喔侧笀喔赤竵喔编笖 喙€喔｀覆喔曕箟喔竾喙€喔ム阜喔竵 喙€喔ム阜喔竵喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔副喔權笖喔侧笡喔佮副喔氞釜喔编笝喔斷覆喔� 喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔∴副喔權腑喔编笖喔佮福喔班箒喔椸竵 喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔箞喔囙釜喔侧福喔佮福喔班笗喔膏箟喔權箒喔椸福喔佮箑喔傕箟喔侧箑喔箟喔權箑喔ム阜喔笖喔斷赋喔∴父喙堗竾喔腹喙堗斧喔编抚喙冟笀 喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔涏弗喙堗腑喔⑧箒喔竾 喔∴傅喔腑喔｀箞喔� 喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喙€喔｀覆喔覆喔∴覆喔｀笘喔∴父喔斷斧喔编抚喙€喔傕箟喔侧箘喔涏箒喔ム箟喔о笀喔∴笖喔脆箞喔囙斧喔侧涪喙勦笡喙€喔ム涪 喔复喔复喔复 喙佮笗喙堗箑喔ム箞喔∴箘喔笝喔ム箞喔� 喙冟笝喙€喔∴阜喙堗腑喔∴副喔權浮喔掂斧喔ム覆喔佮斧喔ム覆喔⑧箑喔弗喔粪腑喙€喔佮复喔� 喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喔堗付喔囙箒喔權赴喔權赋喔權副喔佮箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔赋喔勦副喔嵿箚 喙佮弗喔班箓喔勦福喔囙竵喔侧福喔傕腑喔囙箒喔曕箞喔ム赴喔勦笝 喔堗赋喔佮副喔斷箑喔夃笧喔侧赴喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮 (喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喔勦阜喔腑喔班箘喔�) 喙€喔｀复喙堗浮喔曕副喙夃竾喙佮笗喙堗箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙箑喔ム箞喔侧涪喔膏竸喙佮福喔佮箚 喙勦弗喙堗箑喔｀傅喔⑧竾喔∴覆 喔佮箛喔勦竾喙勦浮喙堗箘喔斷箟喔勦福喔笟喔勦弗喔膏浮喔椸副喙夃竾喔浮喔斷斧喔｀腑喔� 喙佮笟喔氞笝喔编箟喔權竸喔囙浮喔侧竵喙勦笡 喙佮笗喙堗笧喔箑喔涏箛喔權箘喔佮笖喙� 喙€喔涏箛喔權箒喔權抚喔椸覆喔囙笝喙堗赴喔權赴 喔ム腑喔囙腑喙堗覆喔權笖喔灌抚喙堗覆喙€喔｀覆喔笝喙冟笀喙€喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙箑喔ム箞喔侧競喔竾喔⑧父喔勦釜喔∴副喔⑧箘喔笝喔佮箛喔堗赴喔∴傅喔權副喔佮箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔勦笝喔權副喙夃笝喔勦笝喔權傅喙夃笚喔掂箞喔∴傅喙佮笝喔о竸喔脆笖喙佮笟喔氞笝喔编箟喔權箒喔氞笟喔權傅喙� 喙冟斧喙夃箑喔｀覆喔ム复喔笗喙屶箘喔о箟 喔福喙夃覆喔囙斧喙夃腑喔囙釜喔∴父喔斷箖喔權笀喔脆笝喔曕笝喔侧竵喔侧福喔傕付喙夃笝喔∴覆 喙冟竸喔｀竸喔脆笖喔о箞喔侧笗喔编抚喙€喔竾喔堗赴喔曕覆喔⑧箑喔｀箛喔о斧喔權箞喔涪喔佮箛喙€喔ム阜喔竵喔副喔佮福喙夃腑喔⑧箑喔ム箞喔∴箑喔權箟喔權箚 喔｀箟喔涪喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔曕箟喔竾喔箞喔侧笝喔佮箞喔笝喔曕覆喔⑧箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喙佮笡喔班笣喔侧笟喙夃覆喔權箘喔о箟 喙佮弗喙夃抚喔栢箟喔侧浮喔掂箑喔о弗喔侧箑喔弗喔粪腑喔ム箞喔班竵喙囙笝喔� 喙€喔ム阜喔竵喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔∴副喔權笟喔编笝喙€喔椸复喔囙箑喔｀复喔囙福喔∴涪喙屶笟喙夃覆喔� 喙佮笟喔氞腑喙堗覆喔權釜喔權父喔佮箘喔∴箞喔曕箟喔竾喔嬥傅喙€喔｀傅喔⑧釜喔∴覆喔� 喙勦浮喙堗笗喙夃腑喔囙福喔灌箟喔付喔佮笢喔脆笖喙€喔炧福喔侧赴喙€喔｀覆喔∴傅喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔嬥傅喙€喔｀傅喔⑧釜喔涪喔灌箞喙冟笝喔ム复喔笗喙屶笗喔编箟喔囙福喙夃腑喔⑧箑喔ム箞喔∴箒喔ム箟喔о箘喔� 喔椸傅喔權傅喙夃笀喔侧竵喙勦腑喙€喔斷傅喔⑧競喙夃覆喔囙笗喙夃笝 喔權赋喙勦笡喔腹喙堗竸喔赤笘喔侧浮喔阜喙堗笝喔傅喔� 喙€喔娻箞喔� 喙€喔｀覆喔｀腹喙夃腑喔⑧腹喙堗抚喙堗覆喔權副喔氞抚喔编笝喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔涪喔脆箞喔囙箑喔炧复喙堗浮喔堗赋喔權抚喔權浮喔侧竵喔傕付喙夃笝喔椸笟喔椸抚喔� 喔曕弗喔笖喔娻副喙堗抚喔娻傅喔о复喔曕箑喔｀覆喙佮笝喙堗箖喔堗箘喔斷箟喙€喔ム涪喔о箞喔侧腑喙堗覆喔權箘喔∴箞喔浮喔斷箒喔權箞喙� 喙佮浮喙夃箑喔夃笧喔侧赴喙€喔ム箞喔∴笚喔掂箞喔涪喔灌箞喔氞笝喔娻副喙夃笝喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔ム箛喔佮箚 喔傕腑喔囙箑喔｀覆喔佮箛喔勦竾喔堗赴喔箞喔侧笝喙勦浮喙堗斧喔∴笖 喔溹浮喙€喔娻阜喙堗腑喔о箞喔侧笝喔编竵喔箞喔侧笝喔弗喔侧涪喙� 喔勦笝喙€喔涏箛喔權腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔權副喙夃笝 喙冟笝喔椸覆喔囙斧喔權付喙堗竾喔栢箟喔侧箑喔｀覆喔堗赴喔∴父喙堗竾喙勦笡喙佮笝喔о福喔班笝喔侧笟 喔勦阜喔腑喙堗覆喔權腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔弗喔侧竵喔弗喔侧涪喙佮弗喔班竵喔о箟喔侧竾喔傕抚喔侧竾 喔傕腑喔氞箑喔傕笗喔佮覆喔｀腑喙堗覆喔權競喔竾喙€喔｀覆喔堗赴喙勦笡喙勦笖喙夃箘喔佮弗喔副喔佮箒喔勦箞喙勦斧喔權箖喔權笂喙堗抚喔囙笂喔掂抚喔脆笗喔副喙夃笝喙� 喔權傅喙� 喔福喔粪腑喙€喔｀覆喔勦抚喔｀笀喔班浮喔膏箞喔囙箘喔涏釜喔编竵喔椸覆喔� 喔覆喔堗笀喔班箖喔權箒喔權抚喔斷复喙堗竾
October 9, 2018
鈥淣eden edebiyat okuruz?脟眉nk眉 ba艧ka hi莽bir 艧eyin ba艧aramayaca臒谋 艧ekillerde hayat谋 zenginle艧tirir.Bizi daha insan k谋lar.Edebiyat okumay谋 ne kadar iyi 枚臒renirsek,bunu o kadar daha iyi yapar.鈥�
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Edebiyat谋n k谋sa tarihi,k谋rk ba艧l谋ktan olu艧an k谋rk saatlik bir ders niteli臒inde.Bu dersler kilit noktalar谋 sunmakla birlikte perdelerin ard谋n谋 da g枚steriyor,sizi merakland谋r谋yor,notlar ald谋r谋yor,edebiyat谋n nas谋l da geni艧 oldu臒una dair 枚n bilgiler veriyor.Mitlerden,ilk 枚yk眉 莽al谋艧malar谋na,b眉y眉l眉 ger莽ek莽ilikten g眉n眉m眉z e-kitaplar谋na uzanan bir yolculuk.Ama uzun yolda dinlemeyi tercih etti臒iniz 艧ark谋lar tad谋nda.Hem yolu takip ediyorsunuz hem de notalar谋n zihninize yeni kap谋lar a莽mas谋na izin veriyorsunuz.
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John Sutherland edebiyat yetkinli臒ini hissettiriyor her alt ba艧l谋kta.Daha 莽ok 陌ngilizce 眉retilmi艧 eserlerden bahsedilmesi ise anla艧谋labilecek bir durum.
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Di臒er bir ayr谋nt谋: pek 莽ok yazar ve eser,al谋nt谋,tarihsel notlar ve spesifik bilgiler ta艧谋yan bir kitab谋n 莽evirisinin ne denli 莽etrefilli olabilece臒ini tahmin edersiniz.Tufan 脟枚bek莽in ise yapt谋臒谋 莽eviri ile okuma keyfimi daha da 眉st noktaya ta艧谋d谋.
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Velhas谋l ,d枚ne d枚ne bakaca臒谋m bir rehber kitap oldu kendileri.Sindirerek,keyfini 莽谋kara 莽谋kara okudum.Kimi yerlerde sinsi sinsi g眉ld眉m,yazar谋n gelece臒e dair d眉艧眉ncelerine hak verdim,anlat谋m tarz谋 ve se莽ti臒i 枚rnekler kar艧谋s谋nda ise (kabul ediyorum bir miktar k谋skan莽l谋k ile) hayran kald谋m.
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Edebiyat谋n k谋sa tarihi,k谋rk ba艧l谋ktan olu艧an k谋rk saatlik bir ders niteli臒inde.Bu dersler kilit noktalar谋 sunmakla birlikte perdelerin ard谋n谋 da g枚steriyor,sizi merakland谋r谋yor,notlar ald谋r谋yor,edebiyat谋n nas谋l da geni艧 oldu臒una dair 枚n bilgiler veriyor.Mitlerden,ilk 枚yk眉 莽al谋艧malar谋na,b眉y眉l眉 ger莽ek莽ilikten g眉n眉m眉z e-kitaplar谋na uzanan bir yolculuk.Ama uzun yolda dinlemeyi tercih etti臒iniz 艧ark谋lar tad谋nda.Hem yolu takip ediyorsunuz hem de notalar谋n zihninize yeni kap谋lar a莽mas谋na izin veriyorsunuz.
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John Sutherland edebiyat yetkinli臒ini hissettiriyor her alt ba艧l谋kta.Daha 莽ok 陌ngilizce 眉retilmi艧 eserlerden bahsedilmesi ise anla艧谋labilecek bir durum.
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Di臒er bir ayr谋nt谋: pek 莽ok yazar ve eser,al谋nt谋,tarihsel notlar ve spesifik bilgiler ta艧谋yan bir kitab谋n 莽evirisinin ne denli 莽etrefilli olabilece臒ini tahmin edersiniz.Tufan 脟枚bek莽in ise yapt谋臒谋 莽eviri ile okuma keyfimi daha da 眉st noktaya ta艧谋d谋.
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Velhas谋l ,d枚ne d枚ne bakaca臒谋m bir rehber kitap oldu kendileri.Sindirerek,keyfini 莽谋kara 莽谋kara okudum.Kimi yerlerde sinsi sinsi g眉ld眉m,yazar谋n gelece臒e dair d眉艧眉ncelerine hak verdim,anlat谋m tarz谋 ve se莽ti臒i 枚rnekler kar艧谋s谋nda ise (kabul ediyorum bir miktar k谋skan莽l谋k ile) hayran kald谋m.
September 27, 2018
Earlier this year, I was in London for work and had the fortunate pleasure of spending a couple of hours in the huge Waterstones bookstore in Piccadilly. One particular display which caught my eye was a series called "Little History", which encompassed topics such as The World, Philosophy, Science, Economics, Religion and the one which beckoned most to me, Literature.
Having spent a significant span of my reading life in the science fiction & fantasy genres, with the occasional venture into thrillers, biographies and other non-fiction, I felt that it was time for me to explore the wider world of literature. And more importantly, the adult classics; I had more exposure to children's classics but my repertoire was almost solely SFF when I reached my teenage years. As such, I hoped that by reading this book, I was able to better appreciate how classics (some more than others, I'm sure) shaped the history and development of literature, and which are the ones which I should attempt to include into my reading list.
One thing for certain, this is written by an author who really knows his stuff and is passionate about books. There was indubitably a vast amount of research that went behind putting this volume together. That it was so well-written and appropriately arranged by motifs or topics only made the book even more fascinating to read. In 40 chapters, Sutherland wrote not only about the important works that changed the face of literature throughout the ages but also about the historical events that propagated such literary works. He also digressed into other themes such as censorship, book awards, and how progress changed the way literature is consumed.
Most notably, the narrative does not preach nor does it instruct - it enlightens. What I got out of the book was not disdain for the vast amount of genre fiction that I have read, but a better understanding of what else I should or could read if I so desire to widen my perspective on literature. I highly recommend this book to readers who wish to understand more about the evolution of literature, and/or further expand their reading horizons.
PS: I couldn't have chosen a more appropriate book to wrap up my reading challenge for the year!
Having spent a significant span of my reading life in the science fiction & fantasy genres, with the occasional venture into thrillers, biographies and other non-fiction, I felt that it was time for me to explore the wider world of literature. And more importantly, the adult classics; I had more exposure to children's classics but my repertoire was almost solely SFF when I reached my teenage years. As such, I hoped that by reading this book, I was able to better appreciate how classics (some more than others, I'm sure) shaped the history and development of literature, and which are the ones which I should attempt to include into my reading list.
What you are holding is, as the title says, a 'little history', but literature is not a little thing. There is hugely more of it than any of us will read in a lifetime. As best what we can put together is an intelligent sample, and the most important decision to make is how to assemble our selection. This little history is not a manual ('Read this!') but advice, along the lines of, 'You may find this valuable, because many others have, but, at the end of the day, you must decide for yourself'.
One thing for certain, this is written by an author who really knows his stuff and is passionate about books. There was indubitably a vast amount of research that went behind putting this volume together. That it was so well-written and appropriately arranged by motifs or topics only made the book even more fascinating to read. In 40 chapters, Sutherland wrote not only about the important works that changed the face of literature throughout the ages but also about the historical events that propagated such literary works. He also digressed into other themes such as censorship, book awards, and how progress changed the way literature is consumed.
Most notably, the narrative does not preach nor does it instruct - it enlightens. What I got out of the book was not disdain for the vast amount of genre fiction that I have read, but a better understanding of what else I should or could read if I so desire to widen my perspective on literature. I highly recommend this book to readers who wish to understand more about the evolution of literature, and/or further expand their reading horizons.
PS: I couldn't have chosen a more appropriate book to wrap up my reading challenge for the year!
May 11, 2020
賰賳鬲購 賲鬲氐丕賱丨丕賸 賲毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賲毓 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱孬乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯丿賲賴丕貙 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱睾賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲夭賷丿 卮睾賮 丕賱賯丕乇卅 卮睾賮丕賸貙 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲 賷賰賳 丿賯賷賯丕賸貙 賮丕賱賲禺鬲氐乇 賴賳丕 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷 賮賯胤貨 賱賰賳賷 兀睾賮乇 匕賱賰 賱賱賲丐賱賮 亘廿夭丕亍 丕賱賲鬲毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯丿賲賴丕 賱賷 賮賷 賯丕賱亘 爻乇丿賷 賲卮賵賯. 兀睾乇賲鬲購 亘丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 亘鬲氐賳賷賮 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賵丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕鬲賴賲 亘兀賳賵丕毓 丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯乇丐賵賳賴丕貙 賰匕賱賰 丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 丕賱胤亘丕毓丞 賵丕賱賮乇氐丞 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賲賳丨鬲賴丕 賱丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱賰鬲亘貙貙丕賱丨丿丕孬丞貙 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳爻賷丞貙 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱丨丿丕孬丞貙 丕賱噩賵丕卅夭 賵兀賴丿丕賮賴丕 賵賱噩丕賳賴丕 睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐丞 賮賷 噩丕卅夭丞 亘賵賰乇 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丞 賲孬賱丕賸貙 賲噩賲賵毓丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵賳卮丕胤丕鬲賴賲 賵賳賯丕卮丕鬲賴賲 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 丨丿賷孬丞 毓賱賶 噩賲賴賵乇 丕賱兀丿亘貙 兀丿亘丕亍 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丕賱毓馗丕賲. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賲鬲毓 賵賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞.
August 2, 2020
喔溹浮喔氞腑喔佮箘喔斷箟喙€喔ム涪喔о箞喔侧笢喔∴箑喔涏箛喔權笝喔编竵喔箞喔侧笝喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喔娻副喙夃笝喙€喔ム抚 喔娻副喙堗抚喔娻傅喔о复喔曕競喔竾喔溹浮 喔溹浮喙€喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝喔權复喔⑧覆喔⑧笀喔� 1 喙€喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙笘喙堗抚喔� (喔熰副喔囙箘喔∴箞喔溹复喔� 喔溹浮喙€喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝喔權复喔⑧覆喔⑧箒喔勦箞 1 喙€喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙箑喔椸箞喔侧笝喔编箟喔� 喙€喔∴阜喙堗腑喙€喔斷阜喔笝喔椸傅喙堗箒喔ム箟喔о笝喔掂箞喙€喔竾) 喔溹浮喙勦浮喙堗箑喔勦涪喔笝喙冟笀 喙勦浮喙堗箑喔勦涪喔勦复喔斷箒喔∴箟喙佮笗喙堗笀喔班箒喔曕赴喔曕箟喔竾喔∴副喔� 喔溹浮喔∴腑喔囙抚喙堗覆喔∴副喔權竸喔囙箘喔∴箞喙勦笖喙夃浮喔笟喔勦父喔撪竸喙堗覆喔赴喙勦福喙冟斧喙夃笢喔∴箘喔斷箟喔∴覆喔佮浮喔侧涪喔權副喔佮斧喔｀腑喔� 喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喙勦笖喙夃笖喔多竾喔佮赴喔ム覆喔椸傅喙堗竸喔｀腑喔氞斧喔编抚喔傕腑喔囙笢喔∴腑喔竵 喔佮福喔班笂喔脆笟喔氞腑喔佮箖喔箟喔溹浮喔副喔權浮喔侧釜喔權箖喔堗竾喔侧笝喔ㄠ复喔ム笡喔班笂喔脆箟喔權笝喔掂箟喔笝喙堗腑喔� 喔氞腑喔佮箑喔ム箞喔侧箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙福喔侧抚喙€喔娻复喔囙抚喔脆笧喔侧竵喔┼箤喙勦笖喙夃腑喔⑧箞喔侧竾喔權箞喔侧釜喔權箖喔� 喔溹浮喔曕箞喔竾喔∴覆喔權副喙堗竾喙勦弗喙堗抚喙堗覆喔堗赴喙€喔｀复喙堗浮喔箞喔侧笝喙€喔ム箞喔權箖喔笝喔佮箞喔笝喔斷傅
September 30, 2015
A good intro for anyone who wants to know more about the beginning of literature right to the current status. Chapters are divided into various themes, from Greek myths to graphic novels.
June 22, 2024
丕匕丕 賵噩丿鬲 賳賮爻賰 鬲丕卅賴 賮賷 睾丕亘丞 丕賵 氐丨乇丕亍 賵鬲賲賳鬲 賱賵 丕禺匕鬲 賰鬲丕亘 賲毓賰 貙 丕賷 賰鬲丕亘 爻賷賰賵賳 責
September 24, 2022
This is horrible! Unlike Little History of Religion, which was comprehensive and logically ordered, this book is actually only about English literature.
Every chapter starts with sentences like "English literature starts as we know it" ... "a review of English literature" "king James Bible is most read book in the English Canon"..
He even mentions that Canterbury tales are generally inspired by The Decameron... But continues to discuss the first.
I think this is misleading title by Yale and it should be " Little History of English Literature".. If taken this way it might be good.. Still, not so much, because the author doesn't have a historical project to discuss the development of literature through time, and how each era and circumstances affected literature. He rather dedicat each chapter to some branch of literature in chronological order.
Also the tone of the book is very weird.. He seems like talking to children, and interrupts his sentences frequently with bad jokes.
Every chapter starts with sentences like "English literature starts as we know it" ... "a review of English literature" "king James Bible is most read book in the English Canon"..
He even mentions that Canterbury tales are generally inspired by The Decameron... But continues to discuss the first.
I think this is misleading title by Yale and it should be " Little History of English Literature".. If taken this way it might be good.. Still, not so much, because the author doesn't have a historical project to discuss the development of literature through time, and how each era and circumstances affected literature. He rather dedicat each chapter to some branch of literature in chronological order.
Also the tone of the book is very weird.. He seems like talking to children, and interrupts his sentences frequently with bad jokes.
August 14, 2018
The cover and back cover (in Thai translated version) did not mention that this book is mainly discuss English literature.
Unfortunately, I did not have chance to read prologue before I bought it. (It's wrapped) I expected to read world literature as their unclearly cover neglect to specific "English" that significant to me.
I would not buy it if I know this book is 'A little History of "English" Literature'.
Unfortunately, I did not have chance to read prologue before I bought it. (It's wrapped) I expected to read world literature as their unclearly cover neglect to specific "English" that significant to me.
I would not buy it if I know this book is 'A little History of "English" Literature'.
November 14, 2019
I read this in small segments over a number of weeks. I think it's a very good basic guide for the non-literature student to use as background for a history of literature in English. It's a bit British-centric, but given the early history of literature in English, that's to be expected. I look forward to picking up another "Little History" sometime.
June 19, 2018
Her kitapl谋kta bulunmas谋 gereken tam bir ba艧vuru (ve ba艧ucu) kitab谋. Kitapta ge莽en ve hen眉z okumad谋臒谋m eserleri okuma iste臒i uyand谋rd谋.
Read
June 1, 2020螖蔚委蟿蔚 蟿畏谓 魏蟻喂蟿喂魏萎 蟽蟿伪 螘位位畏谓喂魏维 蟽蟿喂蟼
I'll start by stating the tiny negative of this book. It's NOT A Little History of Literature but A Little History of the English Literature.
With a few exceptions like Ancient Greek works like Homer's and Tragedies, and a few nods towards French writers like Camus, Baudelaire, Proust, and Magical Realism writers like Borges, M谩rquez, and Grass; this book was mostly concerned with literature written in English.
This tiny negative was not something that made me dislike or feel bored by the book, but it was a tiny negative that made me think that whatever is written by an English speaker it is certainly going to be Anglocentric.
We begin with the great epics of the Ancient World and the tragedies from Ancient Greece (429BC) and then we made a huge jump of 1829 years and arrive in England of the 1400's, the time of Chaucer the father of English Literature, the creator of (left unfinished upon his death in 1400)
Then we move on with Elizabethan and Jacobean epic poetry ( 1590, and 1667), then we continue with William Shakespeare (1590's-1600's) and the Metaphysical Poets John Donne and George Herbert (1620's)
Here is where we make a break from England and English moving to the first early novels of Spain France and Italy ( (1612-1620) (1532) and (1352) respectively)
And then we will return to the British Isles to check the first English novels: (1719) and (1726)
And from the first novels we reach the Romantic Era (1789-1832) with poets like Lord Byron, William Blake, and novelists like Mary Shelley ( 1818).
And then we are introduced to the novels of Jane Austen (1810's) and the great giants of the Victorian Era (1837-1901) like Charles Dickens, The Bront毛 Sisters, and Thomas Hardy; all with a chapter of their own.
Then once again we leave Britain for America (Walt Whitman, John Steinbeck) and France (Charles Baudelaire, Marcel Proust) before returning once again during the peak of the British Empire with writers like Rudyard Kipling and modernist writers like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.
Of course we have more general chapters about children's literature, book printing, censorship, adaptations, dystopias, and more. Among these only two chapters will depart from the English speaking literature for a last time.
These are the chapter about The Absurd (Albert Camus, and Franz Kafka) and the chapter on Magical Realism (Gabriel Garc铆a M谩rquez, Jorge Luis Borges and G眉nter Grass)
So, ignoring the fact that this book is marketed as A Little History of Literature instead of the more correct A Little History of the English Literature it was an interesting educating, nice book.
Of course since I studied English Literature I didn't learn a lot MORE from it, but I spent a nice weekend with it.
I recommend it to anyone interested in literature especially those who don't have any contact with English literature beyond the Victorians and the Contemporary ones.
November 7, 2013
This was fun! Nice short essays on a wide range of literature. They were all good, but I particularly enjoyed the chapters on world literature and on literature prizes, both of which I know very little about and Sutherland gave me just the right level of detail. Even in areas where I'm not so ignorant -- the Romantic authors, Shakespeare, Dickens -- Sutherland's comments were interesting and I generally learned something new.
May 20, 2018
Kitap i莽in edebiyat谋n k谋sa tarihinden ziyade "陌ngilizce edebiyat谋n k谋sa tarihi" ismi 莽ok daha uygun olabilirmi艧, zira ingilizce yazmayan yazarlar kitab谋n 莽ok az谋nda var. Kitap isminde bulunan"k谋sa" s谋fat谋n谋n hakk谋n谋 veriyor ama- olduk莽a anla艧谋l谋r bir dilde ve de ak谋c谋 bir 艧ekilde yaz谋lm谋艧 40 b枚l眉mden olu艧uyor. Okumas谋 keyifliydi, edebiyat tarihine y眉zeysel bir giri艧 yapmak isteyenlere tavsiye ederim.
March 10, 2019
鈥溞Ｐ窖埿感逞� 芯谢芯薪 斜邪泄褏 褌褍褋邪屑 懈谢爷爷 褝褉爷爷谢 薪懈泄谐褝屑 芯褉褕懈薪芯.鈥�
鈥� John Sutherland
鈥� John Sutherland
November 13, 2018
喙勦浮喙堗箖喔娻箞喔笝喔编竾喔阜喔笚喔掂箞喔炧腹喔斷笘喔多竾喔炧副喔掄笝喔侧竵喔侧福喔福喔粪腑喙€喔笗喔膏竵喔侧福喔撪箤喔椸覆喔囙抚喔｀福喔撪竵喔｀福喔∴笗喔侧浮喔ム赋喔斷副喔氞箑喔о弗喔� 喙佮笗喙堗箑喔涏箛喔權竵喔侧福喙€喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔副喔о競喙夃腑喔副喙夃笝喙� 喙€喔佮傅喙堗涪喔о竵喔编笟喔權副喔佮箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔氞箟喔侧竾 喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喙冟笝喔副喔о競喙夃腑喔曕箞喔侧竾喙� 喔氞箟喔侧竾 喙€喔娻箞喔� 喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喔佮副喔氞箑喔娻阜喙夃腑喔娻覆喔曕复 , 喔佮覆喔｀箑喔嬥箛喔權箑喔嬥腑喔｀箤 喙€喔涏箛喔權笗喙夃笝 喔勦抚喔｀浮喔掂竸喔о覆喔∴福喔灌箟喔福喔粪腑喙€喔勦涪喔箞喔侧笝喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喔勦弗喔侧釜喔复喔勦笧喔釜喔∴竸喔о福 喔福喔粪腑喔涪喙堗覆喔囙笝喙夃腑喔⑧笚喔掂箞喔父喔斷竸喔о福喔溹箞喔侧笝喔腹喔娻阜喙堗腑喔о福喔｀笓喔佮福喔｀浮喙€喔弗喙堗覆喔權副喙夃笝喔∴覆喔氞箟喔侧竾 喔佮覆喔｀福喔灌箟喔堗副喔佮笂喔粪箞喔笢喔灌箟喙€喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔涪喙堗覆喔� 喔覆喔｀箤喔斷傅 喔о腹喔ム箤喔� 喙€喔椸笝喔權傅喔副喔� 喔福喔粪腑喔斷傅喙傕笩喔炧福喙夃腑喔∴笢喔ム竾喔侧笝喔權箞喔侧笀喔班笚喔赤箖喔箟喔箞喔侧笝喔｀腹喙夃箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙競喔多箟喔� 喙勦浮喙堗竾喔编箟喔權笀喔班腑喙堗覆喔權笖喙夃抚喔⑧釜喔侧涪喔曕覆喔о箞喔侧竾喙€喔涏弗喙堗覆喙佮笟喔氞箑喔｀覆 喔勦阜喔箑喔傕傅喔⑧笝喔复喔涪喔编竾喔о赴 喔о复喙€喔勦福喔侧赴喔箤喔复喔涪喔编竾喔о赴 喙€喔浮喔粪腑喔權抚喔｀福喔撪竵喔｀福喔∴箑喔涏箛喔權箑喔｀阜喙堗腑喔囙箖喔佮弗喙夃笗喔编抚 喙佮笗喙堗腑喙堗覆喔權箑喔ム箞喔∴笝喔掂箟喙佮弗喙夃抚喔｀腹喙夃釜喔多竵喙傕竸喔｀笗喔箞喔侧竾喙勦竵喔�
December 8, 2024
something about this doesn鈥檛 sit right haha. VERY narrow and at times too pessimistic.
updated: was written by a man in his 70s so this all makes sense now
updated: was written by a man in his 70s so this all makes sense now
February 15, 2021
丕賳 丕毓丕丿丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍賴 鬲賲孬賱 丕丨丿賷 丕賱賲鬲毓 丕賱毓馗賷賲賴 丕賱鬲賷 賷賲賳丨賳丕 丕賷丕賴丕 丕賱丕丿亘 賵賰賱賲丕 毓丕丿 丕賱賲乇亍 丕賱賷賴丕 賮丕賳賴 賷噩丿 賮賷賴丕 卮賷卅丕 噩丿賷丿丕 鬲賲賳丨賴 丕賷丕賴 馃尭
丕賱丕丿亘 賷卮睾賱賳丕 毓賳 賲賯鬲囟賷丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱賷賵賲賷賴 丕賱賵丕賯毓賷賴 氐丨賷丨 丕賳賴 賷賳丨賵 賲賳丨賷 丕賱禺丿丕毓 丕賱禺丿丕毓 丕賱噩賲賷賱 賵亘賴匕丕 鬲夭丿丕丿 禺胤賵乇鬲賴 鉂わ笍
乇丨賱賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕丿亘 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷 賵亘毓囟 賲賳 丕賱丕丿亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷 賰賳鬲 丕鬲賲賳賷 鬲賵爻賷毓 丕賱賳胤丕賯 賱賰賳 賰丕賳 爻賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賷 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 賵賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 賵丕丨丿 鉂わ笍
丕賱丕丿亘 賷卮睾賱賳丕 毓賳 賲賯鬲囟賷丕鬲 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱賷賵賲賷賴 丕賱賵丕賯毓賷賴 氐丨賷丨 丕賳賴 賷賳丨賵 賲賳丨賷 丕賱禺丿丕毓 丕賱禺丿丕毓 丕賱噩賲賷賱 賵亘賴匕丕 鬲夭丿丕丿 禺胤賵乇鬲賴 鉂わ笍
乇丨賱賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丕丿亘 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷 賵亘毓囟 賲賳 丕賱丕丿亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷 賰賳鬲 丕鬲賲賳賷 鬲賵爻賷毓 丕賱賳胤丕賯 賱賰賳 賰丕賳 爻賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賷 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 賵賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 賵丕丨丿 鉂わ笍
January 20, 2023
"丕賱兀丿亘 賴賵 丕賱毓賯賱 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賮賷 兀賯氐賶 賯丿乇丕鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲丨賷胤 亘賳丕 賵鬲賮爻賷乇賴. 廿賳 丕賱兀丿亘 賮賷 兀賮囟賱 兀丨賵丕賱賴 賱丕 賷購亘賻爻賾胤 毓賯賵賱賳丕 賵丨賵丕爻賳丕 賵賱賰賳賴 賷賵爻毓賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丨丿 丕賱匕賷 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 亘賴 兀賳 賳鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 丕賱鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲貙 丨鬲賶 賵廿賳 賰賳丕 賱丕 賳鬲賮賯 賲毓 賲丕 賳賯乇兀 亘賷賳 廿賷丿賷賳丕 賮賷 兀睾賱亘 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳. 廿賳賴 賷夭賷丿 賲賳 廿賳爻丕賳賷鬲賳丕貙 賵賰賱賲丕 鬲毓賱賲賳丕 賯乇丕亍鬲賴 毓賱賶 賳丨賵 兀賮囟賱貙 賮廿賳賴 賷賮毓賱 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 賳丨賵 兀賮囟賱 兀賷囟丕."
"丕賱兀丿亘 噩亘賱 賱賳 賷氐賱 廿賱賶 賯賲鬲賴 兀賷 賵丕丨丿 賲賳丕貙 賵賱爻賵賮 賳賰賵賳 毓賱賶 噩丕賳亘 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨馗 廿匕丕 賲丕 兀賮賱丨賳丕 賮賷 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 兀爻賮賱 賯丿賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賱賵賱貙 賲賯鬲賮賷賳 兀孬乇 丿乇亘賳丕 亘兀賰亘乇 賲丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 賲賳 丕賱毓賳丕賷丞 賮賷 丨賷賳 鬲夭丿丕丿 丕乇鬲賮丕毓丕賸 丕賱賯賲丞 丕賱卮丕賲禺丞 賲賳 賮賵賯賳丕."
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷毓鬲亘乇 賲禺鬲氐乇 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 貙 賰鬲丕亘 賰賵賷爻 賱賵 毓丕賵夭 鬲毓乇賮 賲乇丕丨賱 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱兀丿亘 亘丿丕賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 賵丕賱丕爻丕胤賷乇 廿賱賱賷 丕鬲賳賯賱鬲 卮賮賴賷丕 賲賳 噩賷賱 賱賱鬲丕賳賷貙 廿賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 廿賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘鬲鬲毓賲賱 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓 兀賵 丕賱賲爻丕乇丨 丕賱賲鬲賳賯賱丞 貙孬賲 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱氐賳丕毓賷丞 賵 丕禺鬲乇丕毓 丕賱胤亘丕毓丞 廿賱賱賷 兀丨丿孬 胤賮乇丞 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賵廿鬲丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲亘 賱毓丕賲丞 丕賱賳丕爻 亘兀爻毓丕乇 夭賴賷丿丞 . 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賰丕賳 丿丕賷賲丕 亘賷禺鬲丕乇 毓賲賱 兀賵 丕鬲賳賷賳 亘賷賳 賰賱 丨賯亘丞 夭賲賳賷丞 兀賵 賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱丕丿亘 賵賷鬲賰賱賲 毓賳賴 亘卮賰賱 賵噩賷夭 噩丿丕 賱賰賳 賲賮賷丿 賱賰 亘丨賷孬 廿賳賰 賱賵 賲毓賳丿賰卮 賮賰乇丞 毓賳賴 鬲賯丿乇 鬲丨丿丿 亘毓丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓丿丿 賱丕 亘兀爻 亘賴 賲賳 丕賱兀毓賲丕賱 廿賱賱賷 鬲賯乇兀賴丕 亘丨賷孬 鬲賰賵賳 毓賳丿賰 賳馗乇丞 賲賵噩夭丞 毓賳 丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲 賵丕賱卮毓乇 賵丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 兀賵 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲.
"丕賱兀丿亘 噩亘賱 賱賳 賷氐賱 廿賱賶 賯賲鬲賴 兀賷 賵丕丨丿 賲賳丕貙 賵賱爻賵賮 賳賰賵賳 毓賱賶 噩丕賳亘 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨馗 廿匕丕 賲丕 兀賮賱丨賳丕 賮賷 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 兀爻賮賱 賯丿賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賱賵賱貙 賲賯鬲賮賷賳 兀孬乇 丿乇亘賳丕 亘兀賰亘乇 賲丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 賲賳 丕賱毓賳丕賷丞 賮賷 丨賷賳 鬲夭丿丕丿 丕乇鬲賮丕毓丕賸 丕賱賯賲丞 丕賱卮丕賲禺丞 賲賳 賮賵賯賳丕."
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷毓鬲亘乇 賲禺鬲氐乇 賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 貙 賰鬲丕亘 賰賵賷爻 賱賵 毓丕賵夭 鬲毓乇賮 賲乇丕丨賱 鬲胤賵乇 丕賱兀丿亘 亘丿丕賷丞 賲賳 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 賵丕賱丕爻丕胤賷乇 廿賱賱賷 丕鬲賳賯賱鬲 卮賮賴賷丕 賲賳 噩賷賱 賱賱鬲丕賳賷貙 廿賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 廿賱賱賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘鬲鬲毓賲賱 賮賷 丕賱卮賵丕乇毓 兀賵 丕賱賲爻丕乇丨 丕賱賲鬲賳賯賱丞 貙孬賲 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱氐賳丕毓賷丞 賵 丕禺鬲乇丕毓 丕賱胤亘丕毓丞 廿賱賱賷 兀丨丿孬 胤賮乇丞 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賵廿鬲丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲亘 賱毓丕賲丞 丕賱賳丕爻 亘兀爻毓丕乇 夭賴賷丿丞 . 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賰丕賳 丿丕賷賲丕 亘賷禺鬲丕乇 毓賲賱 兀賵 丕鬲賳賷賳 亘賷賳 賰賱 丨賯亘丞 夭賲賳賷丞 兀賵 賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱丕丿亘 賵賷鬲賰賱賲 毓賳賴 亘卮賰賱 賵噩賷夭 噩丿丕 賱賰賳 賲賮賷丿 賱賰 亘丨賷孬 廿賳賰 賱賵 賲毓賳丿賰卮 賮賰乇丞 毓賳賴 鬲賯丿乇 鬲丨丿丿 亘毓丿 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓丿丿 賱丕 亘兀爻 亘賴 賲賳 丕賱兀毓賲丕賱 廿賱賱賷 鬲賯乇兀賴丕 亘丨賷孬 鬲賰賵賳 毓賳丿賰 賳馗乇丞 賲賵噩夭丞 毓賳 丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲 賵丕賱卮毓乇 賵丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 兀賵 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 亘卮賰賱 毓丕賲.
June 25, 2022
賲禺鬲氐乇 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 賴賵 兀丨丿 賰鬲亘 爻賱爻賱丞 鬲囟賲 賲禺鬲氐乇 鬲丕乇賷禺: 丕賱兀丿賷丕賳 賵丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賵丕賱賱睾丞 賵丕賱毓賱賲 賵丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵丕賱兀乇賰賷賵賱賵噩賷丕.
賵賲毓 廿賷丨丕亍 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 亘鬲賳丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賱兀丿亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賯胤 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷貙 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷貙 賲毓 廿卮丕乇丞 賮賷 兀丨丿 賮氐賵賱賴 賱賱兀丿亘 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 噩賵賳 爻丕賳丿乇賱丕賳丿 賵氐丿乇 毓丕賲 佗贍佟伲貙 鬲乇噩賲丞 丿. 賲丨賲丿 丿乇賵賷卮 賱丿丕乇 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賮賷 丕賱毓乇丕賯. 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賰丕賳鬲 噩賷丿丞 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘鬲噩丕乇亘賷 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賲毓 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 毓丕丿丞 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 睾賷乇 賲乇囟賷丞.
賷亘丿兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賳 爻丐丕賱 "賲丕 丕賱兀丿亘責" 賵賰丕賳鬲 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 丕賱噩賲賷賱丞 賰丕賱丌鬲賷:
" 丕賱兀丿亘 賲毓賷賳 賱丕 賷賳囟亘 賷亘賯賶 賲鬲賵賮乇賸丕 賵賲鬲噩丿丿賸丕 賲賴賲丕 丕爻鬲賴賱賰賳丕賴. 賱賵 賯乇兀賳丕 亘廿賲毓丕賳 賮爻賳噩丿 兀賳賮爻賳丕 賮賷 毓賱丕賯丞 丨賵丕乇賷丞 賲毓 兀匕賰賶 毓賯賵賱 夭賲丕賳賳丕 賵丕賱兀夭賲賳丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞. 賱賵 丕鬲爻毓 丕賱賰賵賳 丕鬲爻丕毓賸丕 賱丕 賳賴丕賷丞 賱賴貙 賮賱丕 賲賰丕賳 賮賷賴 賱毓丕賱賲 賷卮亘賴 毓丕賱賲 賳丕乇賳賷賳丕. 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱兀丿亘賷 賷胤乇丨 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱賮賱爻賮賷丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶貙 賵賷毓丕賱噩賴丕 亘丕賱禺賷丕賱. 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲亘賰乇丞 賮賷 爻賳 氐睾賷乇丞 毓賱賶 兀爻乇鬲賳丕 賱賷賱賸丕 鬲賳賯賱賳丕 廿賱賶 賵毓賷 兀毓賲賯 亘丕賱賲賰丕賳 賵亘兀賳賮爻賳丕貙 賵鬲爻丕毓丿賳丕 毓賱賶 賮賴賲 丕賱賲賵丕賯賮 丕賱賲毓賯丿丞 亘兀爻丕賱賷亘 鬲孬賷乇 丕賱亘賴噩丞 賮賷賳丕. 賵賴賷 兀爻丕賱賷亘 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賮賱丕爻賮丞 賵乇噩丕賱 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓賱賲丕亍. 丕賱兀丿亘 賴賵 丕賱毓賯賱 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賮賷 兀賯氐賶 賯丿乇丕鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲丨賷胤 亘賳丕 賵丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇. 賷賵爻毓 毓賯賵賱賳丕 賵丨賵丕爻賳丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丨丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賯丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 兀賷 鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲."
鬲鬲乇丕賵丨 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀乇亘毓賵賳 亘賷賳 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳匕 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賵賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賴乇 兀賵 丕賱鬲禺賮賮 賱兀乇爻胤賵 賵鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賵丕賱賲賱丨賲丞 賵胤乇賯 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱賳卮乇 賵丕賱乇賯丕亘丞貙 賵亘賷賳 鬲賳丕賵賱 乇賵丕卅毓 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 賵丨賷丕丞 兀賴賲 丕賱兀丿亘丕亍 丕賱睾乇亘賷賷賳貙 賲賳 "丿賷賰賳夭" "賱卮賰爻亘賷乇" 賵賴賷 兀爻賲丕亍 賱丕 鬲禺賮賶 毓賱賶 兀丨丿貙 廿賱賶 "賲賱鬲賵賳" 賵"爻亘賳爻乇" 賵兀爻賲丕亍 兀禺乇賶 賯丿 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 卮丕卅毓丞 毓賳丿 睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳.
賵賱鬲兀孬乇賷 賲丐禺乇賸丕 亘賯乇丕亍丕鬲 毓賳 兀丿賷亘丕鬲 乇丕卅丿丕鬲 賵兀丿賷亘丕鬲 賲賳爻賷丕鬲貙 賮賯丿 賱賲爻鬲賳賷 亘卮丿丞 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳丕賵賱鬲 "噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳"貙 "丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷"貙 賵 "賮賷乇噩賷賳賷丕 賵賵賱賮".
兀賵爻鬲賳 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賰鬲亘 賲賳 兀噩賱 賲鬲毓鬲賴丕 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞貙 賱丕 賲賳 兀噩賱 賯囟賷丞 兀賵 賴丿賮 兀爻賲賶. 賮賴賷 賱賲 鬲爻毓賶 賱鬲氐亘丨 賰丕鬲亘丞 乇丕卅丿丞 賮賷 毓氐乇 賱賲 鬲賰賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷賴 賮賷 兀賮囟賱 賵囟毓 賱賴賳貙 賵賱賲 鬲賰賳 賱賴丕 兀賷 鬲胤賱毓丕鬲 賳爻賵賷丞貙 亘賱 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賰爻 賲賳 匕賱賰貙 賰丕賳鬲 氐丕丨亘丞 賯賳丕毓丕鬲 賯丿 鬲亘丿賵 賱賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 乇噩毓賷丞 噩丿賸丕. 賱賲 賷鬲噩丕賵夭 毓丕賱賲 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴丕 爻丐丕賱 " 賲賳 賴賵 夭賵噩 丕賱亘胤賱丞 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘責"
賵賱賰賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 毓丕卮鬲 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 毓卮乇 賵兀賵丕卅賱 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷鬲噩丕賵夭 毓丕賱賲賴丕 丨丿賵丿 亘賱丿鬲賴丕 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲禺乇噩 賲賳賴丕 廿賱丕 賲乇丕鬲 賯賱賷賱丞貙 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲 亘氐賮鬲賷賳 賲丨丿丿鬲賷賳 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 兀賳 鬲賰鬲亘 兀丿亘賸丕 禺丕賱丿賸丕 賵乇丕卅丿賸丕.
丕賱兀賵賱賶 賴賷 賯丿乇丕鬲賴丕 丕賱賳孬乇賷丞 丕賱賯賵賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲馗賴乇 賮賷 亘乇丕毓鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 毓賳氐乇 丕賱賲賮丕乇賯丞 賵胤乇賷賯鬲賴丕 賮賷 噩毓賱 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賷賮賰乇賵賳 賲毓賴丕 賮賷 丨丿賵丿 賯丿乇丕鬲賴賲貙 賵丨乇賮賷鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱兀賱賮丕馗 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨乇賰 毓賯賱 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賱賱鬲賮賰乇 賮賷賲丕 賵乇丕亍 丕賱賮賯乇丞. 兀賲丕 丕賱氐賮丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 丕賱賲賲賷夭丞 賱兀丿亘 兀賵爻鬲賳 賮賴賷 亘丨爻亘 乇兀賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 氐乇丕賲鬲賴丕 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞. 賮賰賱 亘胤賱丕鬲賴丕 丕賱卮丕亘丕鬲 賷賯賲賳 亘兀禺胤丕亍 鬲爻鬲賵噩亘 丿賮毓 丕賱孬賲賳貙 賱賰賳 賴匕賴 丕賱兀孬賲丕賳 賴賷 賲丕 鬲氐賯賱 卮禺氐賷丕鬲賴賳 賵鬲噩毓賱賴賳 賳丕囟噩丕鬲 兀禺賱丕賯賷賸丕貙 賮賱賰賷 賳毓賷卮 毓賷卮丞 氐丨賷丨丞貙 賷鬲胤賱亘 丕賱兀賲乇 兀賳 賳毓賷卮 丨賯賸丕. "賮丕賱丨賷丕丞 賴賷 鬲賴匕賷亘 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱丨賷丕丞".
賷賳賴賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮氐賱 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳 亘賮賯乇丞 賲丐孬乇丞 毓賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 亘賷鬲 賯爻賷爻 賮賷 "賴丕賲亘卮乇" 賵賱賰賳賴丕 鬲賮賴賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀賰孬乇 賲賲丕 賲賳丨賴丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲 孬賯鬲賴 亘賴丕. 賵兀賳 賰賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭 丕賱毓馗丕賲 亘丿丐賵丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賳鬲賴鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賰鬲 賲賵乇賵孬賸丕 兀丿亘賷賸丕 毓馗賷賲賸丕 亘丿賵賳 囟噩丞 賰亘賷乇丞貙 賵兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱毓馗賷賲 賱賷爻 亘丕賱囟乇賵乇丞 毓賲賱賸丕 賲毓賯丿賸丕 兀賵 囟禺賲賸丕貙 賷賰賮賷 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賲鬲賯賳 丕賱氐賳毓貙 亘丕賱囟亘胤 賰賲丕 賮毓賱鬲 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳.
卮丕乇賱賵鬲 賵廿賲賷賱賷 賵丌賳 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 亘賳丕鬲 賯爻 兀賷乇賱賳丿賷 毓卮賳 賮賷 丕賱賳氐賮 丕賱兀賵賱 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇貙 賰鬲亘賳賾 賵兀賱賮賳賾貙 賵賱賰賳 賱賲 鬲賲賳丨賴賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賮乇氐丞 賱賱毓賷卮 胤賵賷賱賸丕 賱賷乇賷賳 氐賳毓丞 毓賯賵賱賴賳 賵兀賷丿賷賴賳 賵賯丿 兀氐亘丨鬲 賲賳 賲丌孬乇 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷.
賰賲丕 丕賱丨丕賱 賲毓 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳貙 賮賯丿 卮賰賱鬲 亘賱丿丞 賴丕賵乇孬 賵亘賷鬲 兀亘賷賴賳 賵丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵丕賱賲賯亘乇丞 丕賱賲噩丕賵乇丞貙 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 賱賲 鬲禺乇噩 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴賳 毓賳賴. 賮賱賲 賷禺乇噩賳 賱賷爻鬲賰卮賮賳 賲丕 賴賵 兀亘毓丿 賲賳 匕賱賰. 賵賷馗賴乇 匕賱賰 噩賱賷賸丕 賮賷 賮乇丕睾丕鬲 丕賱爻乇丿 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴賳貙 丨賷孬 賱丕 鬲賮爻賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷 賱禺賱賮賷丕鬲 丕賱兀亘胤丕賱 禺丕乇噩 丨丿賵丿 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲貙 賱兀賳賴賳 亘亘爻丕胤丞 賱丕 賷毓賱賲賳 卮賷卅賸丕 毓賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賴賳丕賰. 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賮賯丿 丕爻鬲賲丿鬲 丌賳 賲賳 丕賱爻賳鬲賷賳 丕賱鬲賷 毓賲賱鬲 賮賷賴賲丕 賰賲乇亘賷丞貙 丕賱廿賱賴丕賲 賱賰鬲丕亘丞 "兀睾賳爻 睾乇丕賷"貙 兀丨丿 兀賴賲 兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷丞.
賱賲 鬲丨氐賱 賮鬲賷丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 毓賱賶 鬲毓賱賷賲 賲丐爻爻丕鬲賷貙 賮賯丿 毓賱賲賴賳 賵丕賱丿賴賳 賮賷 丕賱賲賳夭賱 賵賮鬲丨 賱賴賳 賲賰鬲亘鬲賴 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞. 賵毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賯賱丞 丕賱廿賲賰丕賳賷丕鬲 賵丕賱禺亘乇丕鬲貙 賮賯丿 鬲賵賱丿 毓賳丿賴賳 卮睾賮 賰亘賷乇 亘丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴賳 兀禺匕賳 賯乇丕乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 丕賱丕丨鬲乇丕賮賷丞 賱丕 賱卮賷亍 爻賵賶 噩賲毓 丕賱賲丕賱 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀賳 賷賮鬲丨賳 賲丿乇爻丞 禺丕氐丞 亘賴賳貙 賵賷毓賲賱賳 賰賲丿乇爻丕鬲. 賰鬲亘鬲 丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 亘兀爻賲丕亍 乇噩丕賱賷丞 賲爻鬲毓丕乇丞 賵賳卮乇賳 毓賱賶 丨爻丕亘賴賳 丕賱禺丕氐. 賱賱兀爻賮 賱賲 鬲乇 丌賳 賵廿賲賷賱賷 兀賷 賳噩丕丨 賷匕賰乇貙 賮賷 丨賷賳 乇兀鬲 卮丕乇賱賵鬲 亘氐賷氐賸丕 賲賳賴 賯亘賱 兀賳 鬲賱丨賯 亘兀禺鬲賷賴丕 賮賷 爻賳 賲亘賰乇丞. 賱賰賳 丕賱兀噩賷丕賱 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賯乇兀鬲 兀丿亘 丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 賵毓乇賮鬲 丨噩賲 丕賱賲賵賴亘丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賯丿乇 賰賲丕 賷賱賷賯 亘賴丕 賮賷 丨賷賳賴丕.
賮賷乇噩賷賳賷丕 賵賵賱賮貙 兀丿賷亘丞 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷 賵亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱丨丿丕孬丞. 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 爻丕亘賯丕鬲賴丕 賮賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 賵賵賱賮 鬲丨賲賱 賴賲 賯囟丕賷丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賵賰丕賳鬲 鬲賰鬲亘 亘賵毓賷 毓賳 兀賵囟丕毓 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳. 賵賲毓 馗賴賵乇 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賵丕賳鬲毓丕卮 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱賳爻賵賷 賮賷 兀賵丕爻胤 毓賯丿 丕賱爻鬲賷賳賷丕鬲 -亘毓丿 賵賮丕丞 賵賵賱賮 亘毓賯丿賷賳 賲賳 丕賱夭賲丕賳- 兀氐亘丨鬲 賵賵賱賮 乇賲夭賸丕 賳爻賵賷賸丕 賮賷 丕賱兀丿亘貙 賵賯賮夭鬲 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 賰鬲亘賴丕 賯賮夭丞 賰亘賷乇丞.
兀丿賶 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱賳爻賵賷 廿賱賶 鬲睾賷乇 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷購賯乇兀 亘賴丕 兀丿亘 賵賵賱賮. 賵賱毓賱 兀賴賲 賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕亍 亘賴丕 賴賷 "睾乇賮丞 鬲禺氐 丕賱賲乇亍 賵丨丿賴" 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賵乇 賮賰乇鬲賴丕 丨賵賱 丨丕噩丞 丕賱賳爻丕亍 廿賱賶 兀賲丕賰賳 禺丕氐丞 亘賴賳 賵廿賱賶 丕賱賲丕賱 賰賷 賷鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 廿賳鬲丕噩 丕賱兀丿亘. 賮賴賳 賱賳 賷鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 鬲丨賯賷賯 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 胤丕賵賱丞 丕賱賲胤亘禺 亘毓丿 廿毓丿丕丿 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賱乇亘 丕賱賲賳夭賱 賮賷 丕賱賲爻丕亍 賵禺賱賵丿 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賳賵賲. 賰丕賳鬲 "睾乇賮丞 鬲禺氐 丕賱賲乇亍 賵丨丿賴" 賲賱賷卅丞 亘丕賱睾囟亘 丕賱毓丕乇賲 賵丕賱毓夭賲 毓賱賶 乇賮毓 丕賱馗賱賲 賵毓丿賲 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 毓賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 丕賱賱匕賷賳 兀禺賱丕 亘鬲賵丕夭賳 丕賱兀丿亘 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳.
賵亘噩丕賳亘 賲亘丕丿卅賴丕 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞貙 賮廿賳 兀爻賱賵亘 賵賵賱賮 賰丕賳 賷鬲賲賷夭 "亘丕賱鬲噩乇賷亘賷丞" 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷毓乇賮賴丕 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷 賯亘賱賴丕. 賮賯丿 丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 亘鬲賷丕乇 丕賱卮毓賵乇. 賮賷賲賰賳賴丕 賵氐賮 賲卮賴丿 賯丿 賷亘丿賵 亘爻賷胤賸丕 噩丿賸丕 亘禺賷胤 爻乇丿 賷賯賮夭 賲賳 賴賳丕 賱賴賳丕賰 賵賷鬲亘毓 丨乇賰丕鬲 匕賴賳 賵卮毓賵乇 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵兀賮賰丕乇賴賲 賵鬲丿丕禺賱 匕丕賰乇鬲賴賲 賵丕賳胤亘丕毓丕鬲賴賲 丕賱丨爻賷丞. 賰賱 匕賱賰 賮賷 賲卮賴丿 亘亘爻丕胤丞 賵賯賵賮 爻賷丿丞 毓賱賶 噩丕賳亘 丕賱胤乇賷賯貙 賮賯胤 賱丕 睾賷乇.
賰丕賳鬲 丨賷丕丞 賵賵賱賮 賵毓賱丕賯丕鬲賴丕 賵賵丕賮鬲賴丕 賲孬賷乇賷賳 賱賱噩丿賱 賵賷賲賰賳 賱賱毓丕亘乇 兀賳 賷爻兀賱 賴賱 賰丕賳鬲 賮毓賱賸丕 賰丕鬲亘丞 鬲爻鬲丨賯 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕亍 兀賲 兀賳 鬲賱賲賷毓賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 賲丿乇爻丞 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱賳爻賵賷 賴賵 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賱卮賴乇鬲賴丕責 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳 廿噩丕亘丞 賴匕丕 丕賱爻丐丕賱 廿賱丕 亘賯乇丕亍丞 兀毓賲丕賱 賵賵賱賮 賵兀賳 賷丨賰賲 丕賱賯丕乇卅 亘賳賮爻賴.
賵賲毓 廿賷丨丕亍 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 亘鬲賳丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賱兀丿亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷貙 廿賱丕 兀賳賴 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賯胤 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷貙 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷貙 賲毓 廿卮丕乇丞 賮賷 兀丨丿 賮氐賵賱賴 賱賱兀丿亘 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 噩賵賳 爻丕賳丿乇賱丕賳丿 賵氐丿乇 毓丕賲 佗贍佟伲貙 鬲乇噩賲丞 丿. 賲丨賲丿 丿乇賵賷卮 賱丿丕乇 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賮賷 丕賱毓乇丕賯. 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賰丕賳鬲 噩賷丿丞 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘鬲噩丕乇亘賷 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賲毓 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 毓丕丿丞 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 睾賷乇 賲乇囟賷丞.
賷亘丿兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賳 爻丐丕賱 "賲丕 丕賱兀丿亘責" 賵賰丕賳鬲 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 丕賱噩賲賷賱丞 賰丕賱丌鬲賷:
" 丕賱兀丿亘 賲毓賷賳 賱丕 賷賳囟亘 賷亘賯賶 賲鬲賵賮乇賸丕 賵賲鬲噩丿丿賸丕 賲賴賲丕 丕爻鬲賴賱賰賳丕賴. 賱賵 賯乇兀賳丕 亘廿賲毓丕賳 賮爻賳噩丿 兀賳賮爻賳丕 賮賷 毓賱丕賯丞 丨賵丕乇賷丞 賲毓 兀匕賰賶 毓賯賵賱 夭賲丕賳賳丕 賵丕賱兀夭賲賳丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞. 賱賵 丕鬲爻毓 丕賱賰賵賳 丕鬲爻丕毓賸丕 賱丕 賳賴丕賷丞 賱賴貙 賮賱丕 賲賰丕賳 賮賷賴 賱毓丕賱賲 賷卮亘賴 毓丕賱賲 賳丕乇賳賷賳丕. 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱兀丿亘賷 賷胤乇丨 丕賱兀爻卅賱丞 丕賱賮賱爻賮賷丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶貙 賵賷毓丕賱噩賴丕 亘丕賱禺賷丕賱. 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲亘賰乇丞 賮賷 爻賳 氐睾賷乇丞 毓賱賶 兀爻乇鬲賳丕 賱賷賱賸丕 鬲賳賯賱賳丕 廿賱賶 賵毓賷 兀毓賲賯 亘丕賱賲賰丕賳 賵亘兀賳賮爻賳丕貙 賵鬲爻丕毓丿賳丕 毓賱賶 賮賴賲 丕賱賲賵丕賯賮 丕賱賲毓賯丿丞 亘兀爻丕賱賷亘 鬲孬賷乇 丕賱亘賴噩丞 賮賷賳丕. 賵賴賷 兀爻丕賱賷亘 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賮賱丕爻賮丞 賵乇噩丕賱 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓賱賲丕亍. 丕賱兀丿亘 賴賵 丕賱毓賯賱 丕賱亘卮乇賷 賮賷 兀賯氐賶 賯丿乇丕鬲賴 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲丨賷胤 亘賳丕 賵丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇. 賷賵爻毓 毓賯賵賱賳丕 賵丨賵丕爻賳丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丨丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賯丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 兀賷 鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲."
鬲鬲乇丕賵丨 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀乇亘毓賵賳 亘賷賳 賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賲賳匕 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賵賳馗乇賷丞 丕賱鬲胤賴乇 兀賵 丕賱鬲禺賮賮 賱兀乇爻胤賵 賵鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賵丕賱賲賱丨賲丞 賵胤乇賯 丕賱爻乇丿 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱賳卮乇 賵丕賱乇賯丕亘丞貙 賵亘賷賳 鬲賳丕賵賱 乇賵丕卅毓 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱睾乇亘賷 賵丨賷丕丞 兀賴賲 丕賱兀丿亘丕亍 丕賱睾乇亘賷賷賳貙 賲賳 "丿賷賰賳夭" "賱卮賰爻亘賷乇" 賵賴賷 兀爻賲丕亍 賱丕 鬲禺賮賶 毓賱賶 兀丨丿貙 廿賱賶 "賲賱鬲賵賳" 賵"爻亘賳爻乇" 賵兀爻賲丕亍 兀禺乇賶 賯丿 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 卮丕卅毓丞 毓賳丿 睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲禺氐氐賷賳.
賵賱鬲兀孬乇賷 賲丐禺乇賸丕 亘賯乇丕亍丕鬲 毓賳 兀丿賷亘丕鬲 乇丕卅丿丕鬲 賵兀丿賷亘丕鬲 賲賳爻賷丕鬲貙 賮賯丿 賱賲爻鬲賳賷 亘卮丿丞 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳丕賵賱鬲 "噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳"貙 "丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷"貙 賵 "賮賷乇噩賷賳賷丕 賵賵賱賮".
兀賵爻鬲賳 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賰鬲亘 賲賳 兀噩賱 賲鬲毓鬲賴丕 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞貙 賱丕 賲賳 兀噩賱 賯囟賷丞 兀賵 賴丿賮 兀爻賲賶. 賮賴賷 賱賲 鬲爻毓賶 賱鬲氐亘丨 賰丕鬲亘丞 乇丕卅丿丞 賮賷 毓氐乇 賱賲 鬲賰賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷賴 賮賷 兀賮囟賱 賵囟毓 賱賴賳貙 賵賱賲 鬲賰賳 賱賴丕 兀賷 鬲胤賱毓丕鬲 賳爻賵賷丞貙 亘賱 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賰爻 賲賳 匕賱賰貙 賰丕賳鬲 氐丕丨亘丞 賯賳丕毓丕鬲 賯丿 鬲亘丿賵 賱賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 乇噩毓賷丞 噩丿賸丕. 賱賲 賷鬲噩丕賵夭 毓丕賱賲 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴丕 爻丐丕賱 " 賲賳 賴賵 夭賵噩 丕賱亘胤賱丞 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘責"
賵賱賰賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 毓丕卮鬲 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 毓卮乇 賵兀賵丕卅賱 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷鬲噩丕賵夭 毓丕賱賲賴丕 丨丿賵丿 亘賱丿鬲賴丕 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲禺乇噩 賲賳賴丕 廿賱丕 賲乇丕鬲 賯賱賷賱丞貙 丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲 亘氐賮鬲賷賳 賲丨丿丿鬲賷賳 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 兀賳 鬲賰鬲亘 兀丿亘賸丕 禺丕賱丿賸丕 賵乇丕卅丿賸丕.
丕賱兀賵賱賶 賴賷 賯丿乇丕鬲賴丕 丕賱賳孬乇賷丞 丕賱賯賵賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲馗賴乇 賮賷 亘乇丕毓鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 毓賳氐乇 丕賱賲賮丕乇賯丞 賵胤乇賷賯鬲賴丕 賮賷 噩毓賱 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賷賮賰乇賵賳 賲毓賴丕 賮賷 丨丿賵丿 賯丿乇丕鬲賴賲貙 賵丨乇賮賷鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱兀賱賮丕馗 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨乇賰 毓賯賱 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賱賱鬲賮賰乇 賮賷賲丕 賵乇丕亍 丕賱賮賯乇丞. 兀賲丕 丕賱氐賮丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 丕賱賲賲賷夭丞 賱兀丿亘 兀賵爻鬲賳 賮賴賷 亘丨爻亘 乇兀賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘貙 氐乇丕賲鬲賴丕 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞. 賮賰賱 亘胤賱丕鬲賴丕 丕賱卮丕亘丕鬲 賷賯賲賳 亘兀禺胤丕亍 鬲爻鬲賵噩亘 丿賮毓 丕賱孬賲賳貙 賱賰賳 賴匕賴 丕賱兀孬賲丕賳 賴賷 賲丕 鬲氐賯賱 卮禺氐賷丕鬲賴賳 賵鬲噩毓賱賴賳 賳丕囟噩丕鬲 兀禺賱丕賯賷賸丕貙 賮賱賰賷 賳毓賷卮 毓賷卮丞 氐丨賷丨丞貙 賷鬲胤賱亘 丕賱兀賲乇 兀賳 賳毓賷卮 丨賯賸丕. "賮丕賱丨賷丕丞 賴賷 鬲賴匕賷亘 賲賳 兀噩賱 丕賱丨賷丕丞".
賷賳賴賷 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮氐賱 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳 亘賮賯乇丞 賲丐孬乇丞 毓賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓賷卮 賮賷 亘賷鬲 賯爻賷爻 賮賷 "賴丕賲亘卮乇" 賵賱賰賳賴丕 鬲賮賴賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀賰孬乇 賲賲丕 賲賳丨賴丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲 孬賯鬲賴 亘賴丕. 賵兀賳 賰賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭 丕賱毓馗丕賲 亘丿丐賵丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賳鬲賴鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱爻賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賰鬲 賲賵乇賵孬賸丕 兀丿亘賷賸丕 毓馗賷賲賸丕 亘丿賵賳 囟噩丞 賰亘賷乇丞貙 賵兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱毓馗賷賲 賱賷爻 亘丕賱囟乇賵乇丞 毓賲賱賸丕 賲毓賯丿賸丕 兀賵 囟禺賲賸丕貙 賷賰賮賷 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賲鬲賯賳 丕賱氐賳毓貙 亘丕賱囟亘胤 賰賲丕 賮毓賱鬲 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳.
卮丕乇賱賵鬲 賵廿賲賷賱賷 賵丌賳 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 亘賳丕鬲 賯爻 兀賷乇賱賳丿賷 毓卮賳 賮賷 丕賱賳氐賮 丕賱兀賵賱 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 毓卮乇貙 賰鬲亘賳賾 賵兀賱賮賳賾貙 賵賱賰賳 賱賲 鬲賲賳丨賴賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賮乇氐丞 賱賱毓賷卮 胤賵賷賱賸丕 賱賷乇賷賳 氐賳毓丞 毓賯賵賱賴賳 賵兀賷丿賷賴賳 賵賯丿 兀氐亘丨鬲 賲賳 賲丌孬乇 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷.
賰賲丕 丕賱丨丕賱 賲毓 噩賷賳 兀賵爻鬲賳貙 賮賯丿 卮賰賱鬲 亘賱丿丞 賴丕賵乇孬 賵亘賷鬲 兀亘賷賴賳 賵丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵丕賱賲賯亘乇丞 丕賱賲噩丕賵乇丞貙 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 賱賲 鬲禺乇噩 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴賳 毓賳賴. 賮賱賲 賷禺乇噩賳 賱賷爻鬲賰卮賮賳 賲丕 賴賵 兀亘毓丿 賲賳 匕賱賰. 賵賷馗賴乇 匕賱賰 噩賱賷賸丕 賮賷 賮乇丕睾丕鬲 丕賱爻乇丿 賮賷 乇賵丕賷丕鬲賴賳貙 丨賷孬 賱丕 鬲賮爻賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷 賱禺賱賮賷丕鬲 丕賱兀亘胤丕賱 禺丕乇噩 丨丿賵丿 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲貙 賱兀賳賴賳 亘亘爻丕胤丞 賱丕 賷毓賱賲賳 卮賷卅賸丕 毓賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賴賳丕賰. 賵賲毓 匕賱賰 賮賯丿 丕爻鬲賲丿鬲 丌賳 賲賳 丕賱爻賳鬲賷賳 丕賱鬲賷 毓賲賱鬲 賮賷賴賲丕 賰賲乇亘賷丞貙 丕賱廿賱賴丕賲 賱賰鬲丕亘丞 "兀睾賳爻 睾乇丕賷"貙 兀丨丿 兀賴賲 兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷丞.
賱賲 鬲丨氐賱 賮鬲賷丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 毓賱賶 鬲毓賱賷賲 賲丐爻爻丕鬲賷貙 賮賯丿 毓賱賲賴賳 賵丕賱丿賴賳 賮賷 丕賱賲賳夭賱 賵賮鬲丨 賱賴賳 賲賰鬲亘鬲賴 丕賱賰亘賷乇丞. 賵毓賱賶 丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 賯賱丞 丕賱廿賲賰丕賳賷丕鬲 賵丕賱禺亘乇丕鬲貙 賮賯丿 鬲賵賱丿 毓賳丿賴賳 卮睾賮 賰亘賷乇 亘丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴賳 兀禺匕賳 賯乇丕乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 丕賱丕丨鬲乇丕賮賷丞 賱丕 賱卮賷亍 爻賵賶 噩賲毓 丕賱賲丕賱 賲賳 兀噩賱 兀賳 賷賮鬲丨賳 賲丿乇爻丞 禺丕氐丞 亘賴賳貙 賵賷毓賲賱賳 賰賲丿乇爻丕鬲. 賰鬲亘鬲 丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 亘兀爻賲丕亍 乇噩丕賱賷丞 賲爻鬲毓丕乇丞 賵賳卮乇賳 毓賱賶 丨爻丕亘賴賳 丕賱禺丕氐. 賱賱兀爻賮 賱賲 鬲乇 丌賳 賵廿賲賷賱賷 兀賷 賳噩丕丨 賷匕賰乇貙 賮賷 丨賷賳 乇兀鬲 卮丕乇賱賵鬲 亘氐賷氐賸丕 賲賳賴 賯亘賱 兀賳 鬲賱丨賯 亘兀禺鬲賷賴丕 賮賷 爻賳 賲亘賰乇丞. 賱賰賳 丕賱兀噩賷丕賱 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賯乇兀鬲 兀丿亘 丕賱兀禺賵丕鬲 亘乇賵賳鬲賷 賵毓乇賮鬲 丨噩賲 丕賱賲賵賴亘丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賯丿乇 賰賲丕 賷賱賷賯 亘賴丕 賮賷 丨賷賳賴丕.
賮賷乇噩賷賳賷丕 賵賵賱賮貙 兀丿賷亘丞 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱賮賰鬲賵乇賷 賵亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱丨丿丕孬丞. 毓賱賶 毓賰爻 爻丕亘賯丕鬲賴丕 賮賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 賵賵賱賮 鬲丨賲賱 賴賲 賯囟丕賷丕 丕賱賲乇兀丞 賵賰丕賳鬲 鬲賰鬲亘 亘賵毓賷 毓賳 兀賵囟丕毓 丕賱賳爻丕亍 賮賷 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳. 賵賲毓 馗賴賵乇 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞 賵丕賳鬲毓丕卮 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱賳爻賵賷 賮賷 兀賵丕爻胤 毓賯丿 丕賱爻鬲賷賳賷丕鬲 -亘毓丿 賵賮丕丞 賵賵賱賮 亘毓賯丿賷賳 賲賳 丕賱夭賲丕賳- 兀氐亘丨鬲 賵賵賱賮 乇賲夭賸丕 賳爻賵賷賸丕 賮賷 丕賱兀丿亘貙 賵賯賮夭鬲 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 賰鬲亘賴丕 賯賮夭丞 賰亘賷乇丞.
兀丿賶 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱賳爻賵賷 廿賱賶 鬲睾賷乇 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷購賯乇兀 亘賴丕 兀丿亘 賵賵賱賮. 賵賱毓賱 兀賴賲 賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕亍 亘賴丕 賴賷 "睾乇賮丞 鬲禺氐 丕賱賲乇亍 賵丨丿賴" 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿賵乇 賮賰乇鬲賴丕 丨賵賱 丨丕噩丞 丕賱賳爻丕亍 廿賱賶 兀賲丕賰賳 禺丕氐丞 亘賴賳 賵廿賱賶 丕賱賲丕賱 賰賷 賷鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 廿賳鬲丕噩 丕賱兀丿亘. 賮賴賳 賱賳 賷鬲賲賰賳 賲賳 鬲丨賯賷賯 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 胤丕賵賱丞 丕賱賲胤亘禺 亘毓丿 廿毓丿丕丿 丕賱胤毓丕賲 賱乇亘 丕賱賲賳夭賱 賮賷 丕賱賲爻丕亍 賵禺賱賵丿 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賳賵賲. 賰丕賳鬲 "睾乇賮丞 鬲禺氐 丕賱賲乇亍 賵丨丿賴" 賲賱賷卅丞 亘丕賱睾囟亘 丕賱毓丕乇賲 賵丕賱毓夭賲 毓賱賶 乇賮毓 丕賱馗賱賲 賵毓丿賲 丕賱賲爻丕賵丕丞 毓賳 丕賱賳爻丕亍貙 丕賱賱匕賷賳 兀禺賱丕 亘鬲賵丕夭賳 丕賱兀丿亘 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丌賱丕賮 丕賱爻賳賷賳.
賵亘噩丕賳亘 賲亘丕丿卅賴丕 丕賱賳爻賵賷丞貙 賮廿賳 兀爻賱賵亘 賵賵賱賮 賰丕賳 賷鬲賲賷夭 "亘丕賱鬲噩乇賷亘賷丞" 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷毓乇賮賴丕 丕賱兀丿亘 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷 賯亘賱賴丕. 賮賯丿 丕乇鬲亘胤鬲 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 亘鬲賷丕乇 丕賱卮毓賵乇. 賮賷賲賰賳賴丕 賵氐賮 賲卮賴丿 賯丿 賷亘丿賵 亘爻賷胤賸丕 噩丿賸丕 亘禺賷胤 爻乇丿 賷賯賮夭 賲賳 賴賳丕 賱賴賳丕賰 賵賷鬲亘毓 丨乇賰丕鬲 匕賴賳 賵卮毓賵乇 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賵兀賮賰丕乇賴賲 賵鬲丿丕禺賱 匕丕賰乇鬲賴賲 賵丕賳胤亘丕毓丕鬲賴賲 丕賱丨爻賷丞. 賰賱 匕賱賰 賮賷 賲卮賴丿 亘亘爻丕胤丞 賵賯賵賮 爻賷丿丞 毓賱賶 噩丕賳亘 丕賱胤乇賷賯貙 賮賯胤 賱丕 睾賷乇.
賰丕賳鬲 丨賷丕丞 賵賵賱賮 賵毓賱丕賯丕鬲賴丕 賵賵丕賮鬲賴丕 賲孬賷乇賷賳 賱賱噩丿賱 賵賷賲賰賳 賱賱毓丕亘乇 兀賳 賷爻兀賱 賴賱 賰丕賳鬲 賮毓賱賸丕 賰丕鬲亘丞 鬲爻鬲丨賯 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕亍 兀賲 兀賳 鬲賱賲賷毓賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 賲丿乇爻丞 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賱兀丿亘賷 丕賱賳爻賵賷 賴賵 丕賱爻亘亘 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 賱卮賴乇鬲賴丕責 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳 廿噩丕亘丞 賴匕丕 丕賱爻丐丕賱 廿賱丕 亘賯乇丕亍丞 兀毓賲丕賱 賵賵賱賮 賵兀賳 賷丨賰賲 丕賱賯丕乇卅 亘賳賮爻賴.
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