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Mumu
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Feudalism was still present in mid-century Russia; this created a class struggle in the Russian society. In the short story Mumu, the author Ivan Turgenev, demonstrates a feudalism government through the events of an old lonely woman lord and her serfs. The woman is extremely powerful and acts in a selfish behaviour towards her serfs, in a society where economic status exists among the latter.
《木木》首次发表于《现代人》杂志1854年第3期，小说在1852年5月写成，6月作者把它寄给阿克萨科夫，希望他能在《莫斯科文集》上发表。阿克萨科夫非常喜欢这篇故事，认为“格拉西姆的形象是俄国人民的象征，体现了俄国人民惊人的力量和不可思议的温顺，他对故土的眷恋和返真归璞，他对自己在精神上的觉醒和七情六欲的淡漠”。但《木木》使官方大为惊恐，它被书刊检查机关查禁，两年后才得以发表。
Feudalism was still present in mid-century Russia; this created a class struggle in the Russian society. In the short story Mumu, the author Ivan Turgenev, demonstrates a feudalism government through the events of an old lonely woman lord and her serfs. The woman is extremely powerful and acts in a selfish behaviour towards her serfs, in a society where economic status exists among the latter.
《木木》首次发表于《现代人》杂志1854年第3期，小说在1852年5月写成，6月作者把它寄给阿克萨科夫，希望他能在《莫斯科文集》上发表。阿克萨科夫非常喜欢这篇故事，认为“格拉西姆的形象是俄国人民的象征，体现了俄国人民惊人的力量和不可思议的温顺，他对故土的眷恋和返真归璞，他对自己在精神上的觉醒和七情六欲的淡漠”。但《木木》使官方大为惊恐，它被书刊检查机关查禁，两年后才得以发表。
60 pages, Kindle Edition
First published January 1, 1852
64 people are currently reading
3,314 people want to read
About the author
Ivan Turgenev
1,672?books2,589?followersIvan Sergeyevich Turgenev (Cyrillic: Иван Сергеевич Тургенев) was a novelist, poet, and dramatist, and now ranks as one of the towering figures of Russian literature. His major works include the short-story collection A Sportsman’s Sketches (1852) and the novels Rudin (1856), Home of the Gentry (1859), On the Eve (1860), and Fathers and Sons (1862).
These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating studies of the Russian intelligentsia who were attempting to move the country into a new age. His masterpiece, Fathers and Sons, is considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century.
Turgenev was a contemporary with Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy. While these wrote about church and religion, Turgenev was more concerned with the movement toward social reform in Russia.
These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating studies of the Russian intelligentsia who were attempting to move the country into a new age. His masterpiece, Fathers and Sons, is considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century.
Turgenev was a contemporary with Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy. While these wrote about church and religion, Turgenev was more concerned with the movement toward social reform in Russia.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 237 reviews
May 17, 2018
(I'm afraid that this review contains some spoilers. Given the brevity of the story in question, they were hard to avoid.)
I'm aware of the historical context of the novel. I'm aware that the protagonist Gerasim is a metaphor for a Russian serf unable to stand up for himself. I'm aware that Mumu was written as a warning against the cruelty of the life conditions of serfs in Tsarist Russian. I know all that, but I would still argue that the subject of this story is, in its essence, eternal. This story does belong to a certain historical period, but like all great classical works of literature, Mumu stands the test of time. The subject of this story, a man caught up in a net of duty and social restrictions is something we can all relate to. Another thing that is always relevant is the theme of isolation and this story captures it perfectly. The landlady of the house is, despite the fact that she controls the fates of other human beings, or perhaps because of it, profoundly unhappy and isolated. This Madam who quite literally ‘owns’ Gerasim has grown cold and distant, proving true to the proverb ‘absolute power corrupts absolutely’. Madam in this story is selfish and stubborn, and while she may command others, ultimately it brings her no satisfaction. This old lady is absolutely lonely, and unable to establish a relationship or connection of any kind. In contrast, despite the fact that he is only a serf, and a deaf mute one, Gerasim has the capacity to establish relationships with others. Obviously, Gerasim struggles to express himself and form relationships because of his disability, but he clearly has the capacity to love. Madam prevents him from forming a relationship out of a caprice. When a girl Gerasim cares for is taken away from him, Gerasim establishes a touching friendship with a dog Mumu. Unfortunately, Mumu doesn’t like the old lady, who in turn gets offended by dog’s rejection. Paradoxically, both the villain and the victim in this story are profoundly isolated. Madam and Gerasim are both caught up in the cruelty of the system they do not know how to question. Mumu is a sad and tragic tale, there is no doubt about that.
In essence, Mumu tells a tragic tale of a serf. Gerasim is not isolated only by his disability, but also by his social position. Gerasim is a serf brought from the country to the city, a position he grows accustomed to, but that is symbolic of his lack of power to choose not only his job, but his dwelling as well. This dislocations also strengthens Gerasim's isolation. The fact that Gerasim was a deaf mute only makes him more of a powerful symbol. Gerasim represents a typical serf, one unable to speak or argue for himself. How easy we forget about this dark side of European history. We learn about it, but we never really stop to think what it all meant. I know of at least a dozen of serf and peasant rebellions in Croatia, starting from the Middle Ages and lasting until the eighteen century. Like in other European countries, these rebellions were smothered in blood. We learn about it in school, we may even remember the violent descriptions or horrible details (like for example the cruel manner in which the serfs were executed), but we never stop to wonder why. People today often don’t realize how much the European institution of serfdom was akin to slavery. Centuries went by, and this institution became something ingrained into the human mind. Perhaps it is still ingredient in our mind, somewhere deep down. That would sure explain many things. The stark differences between different layers of society must look abnormal to our eyes today, but in those times these were ‘the truth we hold to be self-evident’. Some things never change and the vast majority of people do live in difficult conditions. Are the times we live in truly that different? I mean, do I own or own the house I live in? I’m assuming that you my reader, probably owe rather than own the house you live in (or you did at some stage of your life). You are not free to go wherever you want, whenever you want. We are forever in depth, we always owe money to the banks, to the state, etc. Like the serfs, once we pay our taxes, our mortgage and buy our groceries, there really isn’t that much left. You can preach ‘rights’ until you pass out, but the only right we really have is the right to die. Sometimes not even that. 99 percent of us will have to work for everything we have. As recent history demonstrates, our Western societies are quite economically unstable. We haven't come up with a good or a just system. The World Bank and IMF are not called tools of a colonial system for no reason.
There is no point in wondering why the protagonist didn’t refuse to perform the act will break his heart. He couldn’t have refused the order. He wouldn't have know how. In addition, where could he go? You don’t image he just wondered of and found another job? That’s not how things worked out back then. A serf was a person who owned nothing and was considered a property. Moreover, it is not how things work out today. I can easily imagine a modern day Gerasim. He belongs to the lower working class, he has no education and no control over his life, and his land lady demands he gets rid of the dog? What will he do? Maybe if there is a dog shelter nearby, there might be some hope for the dog, but how would he explain what he wants being that he is a deaf mute? How free are we today? How often do we must give up someone or something we love to keep our jobs? How many people are worse off than serfs? 40 million slaves is the official contemporary estimate if I’m not mistaken. Our Western economy is still deeply unstable. Even people who have tons of degrees, speak half a dozen languages often struggle to keep and hold a job. Do you have a feeling that you have to work long hours just to keep the food on the table? Probably you do. How much do you really own, your degrees and work accomplishment aside? Sometimes all it takes for a family to become homeless and lose their home is for one member to get seriously ill. Millions of people live with chronic and incurable illnesses. Life is hard, it just is. This story is only too relevant, I’m afraid. I’m convinced there are many Gerasims among us today.
To conclude, Mumu is a tragic but profound tale. It digs deep into the loneliness of the human condition. From the technical point of view, this story is perfect. Turgenev mixes humour with sadness with an impressive ease. It is a skill typically found in a great Russian writer, but one never really get tired of it. The narrative flows with ease, and the characters are masterfully portrayed. The tragic fate of Mumu, a simple and tragic animal, is incredibly touching. From start to finish, this story is absolutely fantastic. It is an impressive piece of writing in every way I can think of. The only fault I can think of in connection with it being that it is quite depressive. I'm not sure can we really consider it a flaw, as the 'depressive' feel of this story is the logical consequence of the seriousness of its theme. Nevertheless, there is no denying one is left with a bitter taste in one's mouth. Don't read it you are overly sensitive or feel like you need something to lift you up. This story will definitely not brighten your mood, but it will probably make you think.
I'm aware of the historical context of the novel. I'm aware that the protagonist Gerasim is a metaphor for a Russian serf unable to stand up for himself. I'm aware that Mumu was written as a warning against the cruelty of the life conditions of serfs in Tsarist Russian. I know all that, but I would still argue that the subject of this story is, in its essence, eternal. This story does belong to a certain historical period, but like all great classical works of literature, Mumu stands the test of time. The subject of this story, a man caught up in a net of duty and social restrictions is something we can all relate to. Another thing that is always relevant is the theme of isolation and this story captures it perfectly. The landlady of the house is, despite the fact that she controls the fates of other human beings, or perhaps because of it, profoundly unhappy and isolated. This Madam who quite literally ‘owns’ Gerasim has grown cold and distant, proving true to the proverb ‘absolute power corrupts absolutely’. Madam in this story is selfish and stubborn, and while she may command others, ultimately it brings her no satisfaction. This old lady is absolutely lonely, and unable to establish a relationship or connection of any kind. In contrast, despite the fact that he is only a serf, and a deaf mute one, Gerasim has the capacity to establish relationships with others. Obviously, Gerasim struggles to express himself and form relationships because of his disability, but he clearly has the capacity to love. Madam prevents him from forming a relationship out of a caprice. When a girl Gerasim cares for is taken away from him, Gerasim establishes a touching friendship with a dog Mumu. Unfortunately, Mumu doesn’t like the old lady, who in turn gets offended by dog’s rejection. Paradoxically, both the villain and the victim in this story are profoundly isolated. Madam and Gerasim are both caught up in the cruelty of the system they do not know how to question. Mumu is a sad and tragic tale, there is no doubt about that.
In essence, Mumu tells a tragic tale of a serf. Gerasim is not isolated only by his disability, but also by his social position. Gerasim is a serf brought from the country to the city, a position he grows accustomed to, but that is symbolic of his lack of power to choose not only his job, but his dwelling as well. This dislocations also strengthens Gerasim's isolation. The fact that Gerasim was a deaf mute only makes him more of a powerful symbol. Gerasim represents a typical serf, one unable to speak or argue for himself. How easy we forget about this dark side of European history. We learn about it, but we never really stop to think what it all meant. I know of at least a dozen of serf and peasant rebellions in Croatia, starting from the Middle Ages and lasting until the eighteen century. Like in other European countries, these rebellions were smothered in blood. We learn about it in school, we may even remember the violent descriptions or horrible details (like for example the cruel manner in which the serfs were executed), but we never stop to wonder why. People today often don’t realize how much the European institution of serfdom was akin to slavery. Centuries went by, and this institution became something ingrained into the human mind. Perhaps it is still ingredient in our mind, somewhere deep down. That would sure explain many things. The stark differences between different layers of society must look abnormal to our eyes today, but in those times these were ‘the truth we hold to be self-evident’. Some things never change and the vast majority of people do live in difficult conditions. Are the times we live in truly that different? I mean, do I own or own the house I live in? I’m assuming that you my reader, probably owe rather than own the house you live in (or you did at some stage of your life). You are not free to go wherever you want, whenever you want. We are forever in depth, we always owe money to the banks, to the state, etc. Like the serfs, once we pay our taxes, our mortgage and buy our groceries, there really isn’t that much left. You can preach ‘rights’ until you pass out, but the only right we really have is the right to die. Sometimes not even that. 99 percent of us will have to work for everything we have. As recent history demonstrates, our Western societies are quite economically unstable. We haven't come up with a good or a just system. The World Bank and IMF are not called tools of a colonial system for no reason.
There is no point in wondering why the protagonist didn’t refuse to perform the act will break his heart. He couldn’t have refused the order. He wouldn't have know how. In addition, where could he go? You don’t image he just wondered of and found another job? That’s not how things worked out back then. A serf was a person who owned nothing and was considered a property. Moreover, it is not how things work out today. I can easily imagine a modern day Gerasim. He belongs to the lower working class, he has no education and no control over his life, and his land lady demands he gets rid of the dog? What will he do? Maybe if there is a dog shelter nearby, there might be some hope for the dog, but how would he explain what he wants being that he is a deaf mute? How free are we today? How often do we must give up someone or something we love to keep our jobs? How many people are worse off than serfs? 40 million slaves is the official contemporary estimate if I’m not mistaken. Our Western economy is still deeply unstable. Even people who have tons of degrees, speak half a dozen languages often struggle to keep and hold a job. Do you have a feeling that you have to work long hours just to keep the food on the table? Probably you do. How much do you really own, your degrees and work accomplishment aside? Sometimes all it takes for a family to become homeless and lose their home is for one member to get seriously ill. Millions of people live with chronic and incurable illnesses. Life is hard, it just is. This story is only too relevant, I’m afraid. I’m convinced there are many Gerasims among us today.
To conclude, Mumu is a tragic but profound tale. It digs deep into the loneliness of the human condition. From the technical point of view, this story is perfect. Turgenev mixes humour with sadness with an impressive ease. It is a skill typically found in a great Russian writer, but one never really get tired of it. The narrative flows with ease, and the characters are masterfully portrayed. The tragic fate of Mumu, a simple and tragic animal, is incredibly touching. From start to finish, this story is absolutely fantastic. It is an impressive piece of writing in every way I can think of. The only fault I can think of in connection with it being that it is quite depressive. I'm not sure can we really consider it a flaw, as the 'depressive' feel of this story is the logical consequence of the seriousness of its theme. Nevertheless, there is no denying one is left with a bitter taste in one's mouth. Don't read it you are overly sensitive or feel like you need something to lift you up. This story will definitely not brighten your mood, but it will probably make you think.
March 9, 2020
Διαχρονικ? μεγαλε?ο τη? ρωσικ?? λογοτεχν?α?.
Η Μο?μου ε?ναι μια γλυκι? και ?μορφη ?παρξη.
?να υπερτ?λειο πλ?σμα που ξ?ρει μ?νο
να αγαπ? και να αφοσι?νεται, να υπακο?ει,
να λατρε?ει, να περιμ?νει, να μυρ?ζει ευτυχ?α
και χ?δια και να γε?εται τρυφερ?τητα μαζ? με παραδομ?νη π?στη.
?ποιο? βυθ?στηκε στα μ?τια τη?
αισθ?νθηκε πω? ε?ναι να λατρε?ουν οι βαθι?? ψυχ??, αυτ?? που περι?χουν ατομικ?? β?μβε? αισθημ?των, πυρηνικ? ?πλα που εκρ?γνυνται
?ταν η καρδι? του κ?σμου χτυπ?ει
με υποτ?λεια και ευκολ?α μπροστ?
στην κινητ?ρια επιρρο? αυτοδι?θεση?
και την εξουσ?α με την οπο?α το χρ?μα
ω? δ?ναμη κατοχ?? επιλ?γει την εξ?λιξη
στην συνειδησιακ? ρο? τη? ζω??.
Ιδανικ? και ηθικ? ε?ναι το καλ?τερο μ?σο για να γεμ?σει κανε?? την μεγ?λη τρ?πα που λ?γεται ψυχ?.
Η Μο?μου αποτελε? μ?ρο?
τη? παγκ?σμια? πολιτιστικ?? κληρονομι??.
Ελ?χιστοι συγγραφε?? μυθοπλασ?α?
θα μπορο?σαν να δημιουργ?σουν απλ? , λιτ?,
απ?ριττα, ?μεσα, καθαρ?, γν?σια και κατανοητ? τρισδι?στατα αξι?πιστα ανθρ?πινα ?ντα με λ?ξει?.
?ναν χωροχρ?νο ειλικριν? υπαρκτ? και ζωνταν?
μ?σω τη?
γραφ??/ αν?γνωση?.
Για να διαβ?σει κ?ποιο? τη Μο?μου πρ?πει να ζει,
να ζει και να αισθ?νεται σε μια ?λλη δι?σταση.
Τ?ρα μπορ? να κλ?ψω γοερ? με την ησυχ?α μου!....
Καλ? αν?γνωση.
Πολλο?? ασπασμο??.
Η Μο?μου ε?ναι μια γλυκι? και ?μορφη ?παρξη.
?να υπερτ?λειο πλ?σμα που ξ?ρει μ?νο
να αγαπ? και να αφοσι?νεται, να υπακο?ει,
να λατρε?ει, να περιμ?νει, να μυρ?ζει ευτυχ?α
και χ?δια και να γε?εται τρυφερ?τητα μαζ? με παραδομ?νη π?στη.
?ποιο? βυθ?στηκε στα μ?τια τη?
αισθ?νθηκε πω? ε?ναι να λατρε?ουν οι βαθι?? ψυχ??, αυτ?? που περι?χουν ατομικ?? β?μβε? αισθημ?των, πυρηνικ? ?πλα που εκρ?γνυνται
?ταν η καρδι? του κ?σμου χτυπ?ει
με υποτ?λεια και ευκολ?α μπροστ?
στην κινητ?ρια επιρρο? αυτοδι?θεση?
και την εξουσ?α με την οπο?α το χρ?μα
ω? δ?ναμη κατοχ?? επιλ?γει την εξ?λιξη
στην συνειδησιακ? ρο? τη? ζω??.
Ιδανικ? και ηθικ? ε?ναι το καλ?τερο μ?σο για να γεμ?σει κανε?? την μεγ?λη τρ?πα που λ?γεται ψυχ?.
Η Μο?μου αποτελε? μ?ρο?
τη? παγκ?σμια? πολιτιστικ?? κληρονομι??.
Ελ?χιστοι συγγραφε?? μυθοπλασ?α?
θα μπορο?σαν να δημιουργ?σουν απλ? , λιτ?,
απ?ριττα, ?μεσα, καθαρ?, γν?σια και κατανοητ? τρισδι?στατα αξι?πιστα ανθρ?πινα ?ντα με λ?ξει?.
?ναν χωροχρ?νο ειλικριν? υπαρκτ? και ζωνταν?
μ?σω τη?
γραφ??/ αν?γνωση?.
Για να διαβ?σει κ?ποιο? τη Μο?μου πρ?πει να ζει,
να ζει και να αισθ?νεται σε μια ?λλη δι?σταση.
Τ?ρα μπορ? να κλ?ψω γοερ? με την ησυχ?α μου!....
Καλ? αν?γνωση.
Πολλο?? ασπασμο??.
December 14, 2017
Μ?α νουβ?λα, με δυνατο?? χαρακτ?ρε? και δραματικ? τ?λο?. Η τ?χνη του να γρ?φει? κ?τι σπουδα?ο μ?σα σε λ?γε? μ?νο σελ?δε?.
January 26, 2018
What trifles, if you think of it, will sometimes disturb any one! (16)
Dogs are our link to paradise. They don't know evil or jealousy or discontent. To sit with a dog on a hillside on a glorious afternoon is to be back in Eden, where doing nothing was not boring―it was peace.
― Milan Kundera
Turgenev, another master of the unpredictable. He started this short story with the description of an old lady; a widow with joyless and gloomy days, and now with evenings blacker than night. The air was made of sadness and uncertainty. I always feel bad when old people are left alone in the world. Although she was surrounded by many servants, they were not their family, their blood. Even when the lady had the most remarkable servant, Gerasim, deaf and dumb from birth but extremely strong and with great sense of responsibility. He was used to hard work, to the village life, but, all of a sudden, he found himself in Moscow, in the old lady's house, working as a porter. And since “man gets used to anything”, Gerasim got used to living in town as well. And yet, that would be the first wound of his life.
The story goes on and Turgenev presents us a shoemaker that also worked at the widow's house. Kapiton Klimov, a sad drunkard led to the bottle by his own sorrow (sorrow has many ways to make a human being explode; you could prefer depressing music and a pint of ice cream, but to each his own) made the old lady a bit uneasy. She took pity on him and decided he should marry Tatiana, a laundress with a tragic past. That decision—that apparently came from a kind-hearted old lady that wanted to regenerate a lost man—had repercussions on several aspects. One of those consequences was the second wound of Gerasim. The third wound concerns a dog, Mumu, the inspiration for this short story's title. One of the few things you will regard as pure and honest and that, eventually, will break your literary heart.
I can't mention all the particulars because this is a very short story and I don't want to spoil everything, even if you can find the details in a million websites. They will not come from a review of mine!
So, let's just say that even though Turgenev amuses us with some fine irony while describing these Russian fellas...
‘Here you’ve been drunk again,’ Gavrila began, ‘drunk again, haven’t you? Eh? Come,answer me!’
‘Owing to the weakness of my health, I have exposed myself to spirituous beverages, certainly,’ replied Kapiton. (8)
...there is an oppressive atmosphere you cannot escape from.
...she watched him confidingly and without any fear, faintly wagging her tail. He turned away, frowned, and wrung his hands... (23)
An intense sorrow that I am sure will not lead you to a bottle (well, I hope), but will make you contemplate your own surroundings, your own actions and attitudes towards other people.
Nothing is what it seems. Not even an old lady.
Russian authors seemed to have found the exact amount of humor and tragedy that life can bear. They put everything on paper and created the most magnificent pieces of literature that make everything else so unnecessary. When I think about it, when I take time for myself and ponder about my own existence, happiness doesn't seem so far away. A book, coffee, light, a rainy day.
And loneliness, for a while, is nothing but a word.
Feb 26, 14
* Also on .
- Note: I read this story last year, from Aug, 2 to 9 but I'm reviewing the last couple of books I couldn't review before, so yes, I had to re-read it. My memory is not that good. And this was not a good time to re-read it, let me assure you. For numerous reasons that are not relevant to you, person that's reading this, I'm not living with my beloved cat anymore. A relative is taking care of him and I visit him every week. There are not many words to describe what the separation meant to me. You also can't imagine the impact that reading this short story had on me, now. There is a time for everything, I always say. Last year, this story was a somewhat funny and moving read. Today... today is a story that left my soul grieving.
September 16, 2024
What a devastating short story it was, written by another brilliant Russian novelist.
A short story with a deep meaning. An excellent portrayal of society and human relationships.. It contains so many intense contrasts and themes. Loving and not being loved back. Loving and being feared. Isolation. Servitude and lack of free will. It also has to do with fate. Turgenev put all these things together and wrote Mumu. And he did it perfectly.
Some of the characters were based on real people for example the old lady was based on Turgenev's mother who was a very cold, distant and strict woman.
Gerasim is the perfect example of a poor folk/ Russian peasant. He was deaf and mute and isolated. He wanted to give and receive love (unfortunately most of the characters feared him) and he found what he was looking for in Mumu , the little dog he saved. Without saying a single word to the animal, except for Mumu (come to think about it it's heart breaking and sweet since it was the only thing he could say given the fact that he was mute) he managed to built such a strong relationship with the dog, a relationship that he couldn't find in humans. So once he got what he longed for people wanted to take that away from him.. I could go deeper and talk about the river scene and how that destroyed him, but I don't wish to spoil anything.
And the ending..Oh well, I did cry a little.
Dogs! Dogs accept you just the way you are. Blind, deaf, mute, ugly, pretty. They are the ones that show you devotion and unconditional love. Years have passed since Turgenev wrote this story and yet things haven't changed on how people treat people with special needs or dogs/animals...
Mumu is a freaking work of art.
A short story with a deep meaning. An excellent portrayal of society and human relationships.. It contains so many intense contrasts and themes. Loving and not being loved back. Loving and being feared. Isolation. Servitude and lack of free will. It also has to do with fate. Turgenev put all these things together and wrote Mumu. And he did it perfectly.
Some of the characters were based on real people for example the old lady was based on Turgenev's mother who was a very cold, distant and strict woman.
Gerasim is the perfect example of a poor folk/ Russian peasant. He was deaf and mute and isolated. He wanted to give and receive love (unfortunately most of the characters feared him) and he found what he was looking for in Mumu , the little dog he saved. Without saying a single word to the animal, except for Mumu (come to think about it it's heart breaking and sweet since it was the only thing he could say given the fact that he was mute) he managed to built such a strong relationship with the dog, a relationship that he couldn't find in humans. So once he got what he longed for people wanted to take that away from him.. I could go deeper and talk about the river scene and how that destroyed him, but I don't wish to spoil anything.
And the ending..Oh well, I did cry a little.
Dogs! Dogs accept you just the way you are. Blind, deaf, mute, ugly, pretty. They are the ones that show you devotion and unconditional love. Years have passed since Turgenev wrote this story and yet things haven't changed on how people treat people with special needs or dogs/animals...
Mumu is a freaking work of art.
April 2, 2022
38th book of 2022
Turgenev strikes at the heart of his readers in this exquisite short story. Brutal, heartbreaking, and subtle, this story will not soon leave me.
Turgenev strikes at the heart of his readers in this exquisite short story. Brutal, heartbreaking, and subtle, this story will not soon leave me.
October 31, 2022
?να? αθ?ο? γ?γαντα? ον?ματι Γκερασ?μ, χωρ?? να ακο?ει και χωρ?? να μιλ?ει, παραδ?δει μαθ?ματα με την υποδειγματικ? του διακριτικ?τητα και το γλυκ? του πνευματικ? αν?στημα.
Μια νουβ?λα π?νζεστη σαν φουρνιστ? τσουρ?κι τα Χριστο?γεννα και τρυφερ? σαν μια σκυλ?σια γλειψι? ευγνωμοσ?νη? στη μο?ρη κ?ποιου που αγαπ? πολ? τα ζ?α.
Μια νουβ?λα π?νζεστη σαν φουρνιστ? τσουρ?κι τα Χριστο?γεννα και τρυφερ? σαν μια σκυλ?σια γλειψι? ευγνωμοσ?νη? στη μο?ρη κ?ποιου που αγαπ? πολ? τα ζ?α.
January 6, 2019
?να εξα?ρετο δε?γμα γραφ?? απ? ?ναν ρ?σο συγγραφ?α με τον οπο?ο δεν ε?χα ασχοληθε? ?ω? τ?ρα. Απλ? γραφ?, συμμαζεμ?νη φ?ρμα αλλ? αναλυτικ? και πιστ? αναπαρ?σταση του κοινωνικο? και ψυχολογικο? προφ?λ του πρωταγωνιστ? του.
Συστ?νεται ανεπιφ?λακτα!!!
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Συστ?νεται ανεπιφ?λακτα!!!
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November 25, 2017
Μο?μου ε?ναι το ?νομα τη? σκυλ?τσα? γιατ? αυτ?? ε?ναι ο μ?νο? τρ?πο? να την ονομ?σει και να τη φων?ζει κοντ? του ο μουγγ?? αφ?ντη? τη?. Τρυφερ? και λυπημ?νη ιστορ?α κατ? τη συν?θεια του συγγραφ?α: η ευτυχ?α αγγ?ζεται, αλλ? δε διαρκε?, π?ντα υπ?ρχει κ?τι ε?θραυστο στη φ?ση των πραγμ?των, ? απ’ τι? επιλογ?? του αστ?θμητου ανθρ?πινου παρ?γοντα. Ο συγγραφ?α? δρα ω? κριτ?? των υπολο?πων χαρακτ?ρων, αλλ? ?χι του γ?γαντα. Γι’ αυτ?ν δεν ερμηνε?ει, μα? μεταφ?ρει αυτ? που δε μπορο?με ν’ ακο?σουμε, αφο? δε μιλ?ει και ?σα βλ?πουν οι ?λλοι τι? μ?νε? φορ?? που αφ?νεται ελε?θερο?, στο δωματι?κι του, π?σω απ? τρ?πε? και παρ?θυρα. Εκε?, τ?τε το π?τρινο πρ?σωπο και το αλ?γιστο κορμ? σπ?ζουν, εξαφαν?ζονται. ?μω? το δικα?ωμα να νι?θει, να ποθε?, να δ?νει, να μεγαλουργε?, δεν ε?ναι αποκλειστικ?τητα των ?λλων που ακο?ν και που βλ?πουν, απ’ αυτο?? εισπρ?ττουμε μ?νο χοντροκοπι? και επιφανειακ?τητα. Ωστ?σο ποιο? μπορε? να κατηγορ?σει μουζ?κου?; Ο δο?λο? ε?ναι π?ντα δο?λο? κι η μ?νη ?μυνα του υποτακτικο? απ’ αν?γκη ανθρ?που ε?ναι η σ?σταση και σ?μπραξη, στον ?χλο, αυτ? το επικ?νδυνο τανκ, που ε?ναι π?ντοτε σα να το χειρ?ζεται, ?να? παρ?φρονα? ηλεκτρονικ?? υπολογιστ??. ?σω? να μην ε?ναι το μ?νο που μπορε? να κ?νει ο δο?λο?, αλλ? αργ? ? γρ?γορα θ’ αναγκαστε? να υποταχτε? σε αυτ?, ? να με?νει μ?νο?. Δεν ?χει καμι? σημασ?α, αυτ? που τον διατ?ζουν θα γ?νει, ε?τε ε?ναι ?να? γ?μο?, ε?τε … Δεν ξ?ρω γιατ? π?ρε την απ?φαση που π?ρε ο Γκερασ?μ, ?σω? να θε?ρησε τη Μο?μου, ιδιοκτησ?α του σπιτιο?, ?σω? ?νιωθε πω? ?φειλε να υποταχτε? στη θ?ληση του σπιτιο? κι ?πειτα ?λα τον ?φραξαν, ?σπασαν. ?σω? η μ?νη του επιλογ? ?ταν να υπακο?σει στην εντολ?. Ο συγγραφ?α? ?λλωστε δε δ?νει καταληκτικ?? απαντ?σει?, μ?νο ερμηνε?ε? και τον αγαπ? γι' αυτ?. Ποτ? με του? ανθρ?που?, ο παρατηρητ?? δεν ξ?ρει για τι? πρ?ξει? του? παρ? μ?νο αυτ? που υποθ?τει ο ?διο?. Αυτ? ε?ναι ρεαλισμ??.
Στου? διαλ?γου? υστερε?, ε?ναι ?νευροι ω? και δ?σκαμπτοι. Αλλ? η σκιαγρ?φηση του δο?λου και του χαρακτηριστικο? εκε?νου που αφορ? το βαρ? ?νθρωπο, εκε?νο που ?χει τα ?ρια του, τοποθετο?νται ?ψογα στι? θ?σει? του?. Θα επικροτ?σω το συγγραφ?α που δεν εμπλ?κεται στην ψυχογρ?φηση του κωφ?λαλου. Ε?ναι πολ? δ?σκολο κ?τι τ?τοιο, για ?ναν ?νθρωπο που γενν?θηκε και μπορε? ν’ ακο?ει και να μιλ?ει, απ’ την πρ?τη στιγμ?. Το βιβλ?ο ε?ναι ?να κομψοτ?χνημα, με καλ? επιμ?λεια στα βιογραφικ? στοιχε?α και πλο?σιο σε φωτογραφ?ε?, αλλ? η μετ?φραση ε?ναι προβληματικ?: κ?κιστη επιλογ? η χρ?ση εκφρ?σεων ελληνικ?? αργκ?, του επιπ?δου που συνηθ?ζεται στι? καφετ?ριε? και ?χι αυτ? που δε θα ενοχλο?σε εκε? που ε?σαι μ?νο? με τον εαυτ? σου, στο βιβλ?ο σου. ?ταν παροπλ?ζονται οι συμβατικ?τητε? ?ξω απ’ την π?ρτα, μαζ? ακολουθε? κι η γλ?σσα του?. Φρ?σει? ?πω? ‘’σε τρελ? κ?φια’’, λ?ξει? ?πω? ‘’μπουχ??’’, ? ‘’γκ?μενε?’’ στο ?λλο βιβλ?ο τη? σειρ??, το Μονομ?χο, δεν ?χουν καμι? θ?ση εδ?.
Στου? διαλ?γου? υστερε?, ε?ναι ?νευροι ω? και δ?σκαμπτοι. Αλλ? η σκιαγρ?φηση του δο?λου και του χαρακτηριστικο? εκε?νου που αφορ? το βαρ? ?νθρωπο, εκε?νο που ?χει τα ?ρια του, τοποθετο?νται ?ψογα στι? θ?σει? του?. Θα επικροτ?σω το συγγραφ?α που δεν εμπλ?κεται στην ψυχογρ?φηση του κωφ?λαλου. Ε?ναι πολ? δ?σκολο κ?τι τ?τοιο, για ?ναν ?νθρωπο που γενν?θηκε και μπορε? ν’ ακο?ει και να μιλ?ει, απ’ την πρ?τη στιγμ?. Το βιβλ?ο ε?ναι ?να κομψοτ?χνημα, με καλ? επιμ?λεια στα βιογραφικ? στοιχε?α και πλο?σιο σε φωτογραφ?ε?, αλλ? η μετ?φραση ε?ναι προβληματικ?: κ?κιστη επιλογ? η χρ?ση εκφρ?σεων ελληνικ?? αργκ?, του επιπ?δου που συνηθ?ζεται στι? καφετ?ριε? και ?χι αυτ? που δε θα ενοχλο?σε εκε? που ε?σαι μ?νο? με τον εαυτ? σου, στο βιβλ?ο σου. ?ταν παροπλ?ζονται οι συμβατικ?τητε? ?ξω απ’ την π?ρτα, μαζ? ακολουθε? κι η γλ?σσα του?. Φρ?σει? ?πω? ‘’σε τρελ? κ?φια’’, λ?ξει? ?πω? ‘’μπουχ??’’, ? ‘’γκ?μενε?’’ στο ?λλο βιβλ?ο τη? σειρ??, το Μονομ?χο, δεν ?χουν καμι? θ?ση εδ?.
July 15, 2018
Ενα γλυκοπικρο διηγημα του Ιβαν Τουργκενιεφ! Ενα διηγημα που προκαλει πονο κ θλιψη. Δε θα πρεπει να παραλειψουμε πω? γραφτηκε κατα τη διαρκεια τη? φυλακιση? του στην Αγια Πετρουπολη. Θεμα του διηγηματο? η σκληροτητα τη? δουλοπαροικια?. Μουμου μου, τι γλυκο πλασμα εισαι!
January 31, 2021
Μο?μου. Μια λιλιπο?τεια ιστορ?α υποταγ??, ανιδιοτελο?? αγ?πη? και παντοτιν?? αφοσ?ωση?. Η Μο?μου ε?ναι ?λα ?σα αγαπ??, και ?λα ?σα θα προδ?σει?. Η Μο?μου ε?ναι το μ?νο που σου δ?θηκε και το πρ?το που πρ?πει να επιστρ?ψει?. Ο Τουργκι?νιεφ με την αθ?α και ?δολη ιστορ?α τη? Μο?μου καταφ?ρνει ?να ισχυρ? πλ?γμα στο κτην?δε? καθεστ?? τη? δουλοπαροικ?α? στην τσαρικ? Ρωσ?α. Αυτ? το μικροσκοπικ? ?ργο με την λιτ?, αν?λαφρη και ολ?γυμνη απ? τεχνικ?? και τεχν?σματα γραφ? ?χι μ?νον αποθε?θηκε ω? σημαντικ? δε?γμα τη? μεγαλει?δου? κλασικ?? λογοτεχν?α?, μα αποτ?λεσε και μια απ? τι? μεγαλ?τερε? κραυγ?? κατ? τη? βιαι?τητα? του καθεστ?το?. Ο ?νθρωπο? που μελ?τησε τον Χ?γκελ, συναναστρ?φηκε με τον Τολστ?ι και τον Ντοστογι?φσκι, εν? συνδ?θηκε στεν? με τον φλωμπ?ρ και τον Ζολ?, δ?ο αι?νε? μετ? παραμ?νει αβ?σταχτα επ?καιρο? και τραγικ? διαχρονικ??.
Διαβ?ζοντα? λ?γε? ?ρε? μετ? το ?ρθρο του economist για την αν?γκη εν?? ν?ου κοινωνικο? συμβολα?ου, σκ?φτομαι πω? ?σο κι αν πον?ει η ιστορ?α τη? Μο?μου, κανε?? τελικ? δεν ?χει το δικα?ωμα να κλ?ψει γι’ αυτ?. Τη Μο?μου την προδ?σαμε ?λοι.?
Διαβ?ζοντα? λ?γε? ?ρε? μετ? το ?ρθρο του economist για την αν?γκη εν?? ν?ου κοινωνικο? συμβολα?ου, σκ?φτομαι πω? ?σο κι αν πον?ει η ιστορ?α τη? Μο?μου, κανε?? τελικ? δεν ?χει το δικα?ωμα να κλ?ψει γι’ αυτ?. Τη Μο?μου την προδ?σαμε ?λοι.?
November 16, 2020
1852. Ο Γκ?γκολ αφο? κ?ψει το δε?τερο τ?μο των Νεκρ?ν Ψυχ?ν πεθα?νει απ? ηθελημ?νη ασιτ?α. Ο Turgenev συγκλονισμ?νο? γρ?φει ?ρθρο και φυλακ?ζεται. Υπ? αυτ? το καθεστ??, μ?σα στη φυλακ? ο Turgenev γρ?φει τη Μουμο?, μια σ?ντομη νουβ?λα - μικρ?τερη των 100 σελ?δων.
Η βασικ? ιστορ?α τη? Μουμο? διαδραματ?ζεται στο αρχοντικ? μια? ε?πορη? ηλικιωμ?νη? χ?ρα? με πρωταγωνιστ? ?ναν κωφ?λαλο δουλοπ?ροικο. Η ιστορ?α εκτε?νεται σε δι?στημα λ?γων χρ?νων διανθισμ?νη με περιγραφ?? τη? ζω?? στο σπ?τι, ?μω? ο Turgenev κ?νει επιλεκτικ? zoom in σε συγκεκριμ?να σημε?α που αποτελο?ν και τα βασικ?τερα τη? αφ?γησ?? του.
Παρ? τη περιορισμ?νη ?κταση του ?ργου, ο συγγραφ?α? καταφ?ρνει να παραθ?σει μια ακριβ? θα μπορο?σαμε να πο?με καταγραφ? τη? ζω?? των δουλοπ?ροικων. Ο αναγν?στη? παρατηρε? τι? σχ?σει? μεταξ? του υπηρετικο? προσωπικο?, την απ?λυτη εξουσ?α τη? κυρ?α? στι? ζω?? του? (π.χ αποφασ?ζει ποιο? θα παντρευτε? με ποιον), την αν?φελη υποταγ? του? (με σκοπ? να κερδ?σουν την ε?νοια - π.χ οι ευνοο?μενε? αυλικ?? τη? κυρ?α? - ο χαρακτηρισμ?? του Γερ?σιμου ω? αχ?ριστο? - η απ?λυση του? μετ? το θ?νατο τη? κυρ?α?), το φ?βο στα καπρ?τσια τη? κλπ. Ε?ναι εκπληκτικ? πω? ο Turgenev καταφ?ρνει να μιλ?σει για αυτ? που θ?λει να στιγματ?σει με τρομερ? οικονομ?α λ?ξεων χωρ?? να αποπροσανατολ?ζει τον αναγν?στη απ? το κεντρικ? θ?μα του ?ργου.
?μω? ξεκ?νησα να μιλ? για τα βασικ? σημε?α του και αμ?λησα να αναφ?ρω ποιο? ε?ναι ο Γ??ρ?σιμο? και ποια η Μουμο?. Ο Γερ?σιμο? λοιπ?ν ε?ναι ο κωφ?λαλο? εργ?τη?, γεροδεμ?νο?, δουλευταρ?? και τρομακτικ?? στην ?ψη (κατ? τι? περιγραφ??), ευνοο?μενο? απ? την αφεντικ?να του (γιατ? κ?νει ?λε? τι? δουλει??), απομονωμ?νο? απ? το υπ?λοιπο προσωπικ? (που τον χλευ?ζει και τον φοβ?ται) και ερωτευμ?νο? με την Τατι?να. Καταδικασμ?νο? ?ρωτα? αφο? η κοπ?λα δεν ανταποκρ?νεται μα και η χ?ρα αποφασ?ζει να την παντρ?ψει με τον τσαγκ?ρη που ?χει στη δο?λεψ? τη?. Η Μουμο? τ?ρα ε?ναι η φων? του Γερ?σιμου.. η μικρ? σκυλ?τσα που ?σωσε στο δρ?μο και κρατ?ει κοντ? του.
Η σχ?ση που χτ?ζει ο Turgenev αν?μεσα στο Γερ?σιμο και τη Μουμο? αποτελε? το μοναδικ? στοιχε?ο ?παρξη? αγ?πη? καθ?? και το μοναδικ? στοιχε?ο ?παρξη? οικογ?νεια? στο ?ργο. Η χ?ρα ζει μ?νη τη?, η Τατι?να και ο τσαγκ?ρη? παντρε?ονται επειδ? του? πρ?σταξε η αφεντικ?να (ε?ναι εξαιρετικ? τα σημε?α που αναφ?ρει την αντ?δραση του τσαγκ?ρη αλλ? και τη? Τατι?να? στο ?κουσμα του επικε?μενου γ?μου του?), ακ?μα και ?να? ελ?χιστο? δι?λογο? του αυλικο? Γαβριηλοβιτ? με τη γυνα?κα του δε καταδεικν?ει στο ελ?χιστο συν?φεια με οικογενειακ? δεσμ?. Αντιλαμβαν?μαστε ?τι ολ?κληρο το ?ργο δομε?ται κυρ?ω? απ? την απουσ?α τη? αγ?πη?, απ? την απουσ?α τη? οικογ?νεια?. Η σχ?ση Μουμο? - Γερ?σιμου ?χει δοτικ?τητα, αφοσ?ωση, προστατευτικ?τητα και εμπιστοσ?νη. Η Μουμο? θα γ?νει η φων? που δεν ?χει.
Δε θα πρ?πει να μα? κ?νει εντ?πωση που ο Turgenev δομε? την ιστορ?α του με κεντρικ? ?ξονα την απουσ?α τη? αμοιβα?α? αγ?πη? καθ?? και τη? οικογ?νεια?. ?λλωστε η Μουμο? ?χει αρκετ? αυτοβιογραφικ? στοιχε?α με συμβολιστικ? τρ?πο δοσμ?να β?βαια. Η χ?ρα ηλικιωμ?νη κυρ?α ε?ναι πλασμ?νη ?πω? ?χει γραφτε? στα πρ?τυπα τη? δεσποτικ?? μητ?ρα? του συγγραφ?α. Η σχ?ση του ?λλωστε με τη μητ?ρα του ?ταν ταραχ?δη? (επιθυμο?σε να τον αποκληρ?σει κλπ)
Για τον Turgenev, ο Γερ?σιμο? αντιπροσωπε?ει το Ρ?σο μουζ?κο. Τον ?νθρωπο που ε?ναι εργατικ?? αλλ? δεν ?χει φων?, που ε?ναι τ?μιο? (?χει μπ?σα!), που μπορε? να ε?ναι υποταγμ?νο? μ?χρι τη στιγμ? που θα επαναστατ?σει και θα διεκδικ?σει την ελευθερ?α του. Μη ξεχν?με εδ? πω? ?ταν η περιουσ?α τη? μητ?ρα? του περι?λθε στα χ?ρια του ο Turgenev απελευθ?ρωσε του? μουζ?κου?.
Ε?ναι εκπληκτικ?? β?βαια ο τρ?πο? που καταφ?ρνει να θυμ?ζει στον αναγν?στη ?τι ο ?ρωα? ε?ναι κωφ?λαλο? (οχι φυσικ? δια τη? αμ?σου υπενθ?μιση?/ επαν?ληψη?) αλλ? με συγκλονιστικ?? αναφορ?? (?πω? στο σημε?ο που πν?γεται η Μουμο?: ".. βλ?πετε για αυτ?ν και οι πιο δυνατο? θ?ρυβοι του πρωινο? ?ταν πιο σιωπηλο? απ? οτι ε?ναι για μα? η σιγαλι? τη? ν?χτα?..").
Ο Turgenev λοιπ?ν κυριευμ?νο? απ? το παρ?ν του (χαμ?? του Γκ?γκολ, φυλακ?) και επηρεασμ?νο? απ? το παρελθ?ν του και τι? αναφορ?? του (αυταρχικ? μητ?ρα, συνθ?κε? ζω?? μουζικων) γρ?φει τη Μουμου και αφ?νει ?λε? τι? ανησυχιε? του να τον καθοδηγησουν.
Το τ?λο? του βιβλ?ου αφ?νεται στον εκ?στοτε αναγν?στη να βγ?λει τα συμπερ?σματ? του ακολουθ?ντα? τον ?χο απ τα β?ματα του Γερ?σιμου.
Η βασικ? ιστορ?α τη? Μουμο? διαδραματ?ζεται στο αρχοντικ? μια? ε?πορη? ηλικιωμ?νη? χ?ρα? με πρωταγωνιστ? ?ναν κωφ?λαλο δουλοπ?ροικο. Η ιστορ?α εκτε?νεται σε δι?στημα λ?γων χρ?νων διανθισμ?νη με περιγραφ?? τη? ζω?? στο σπ?τι, ?μω? ο Turgenev κ?νει επιλεκτικ? zoom in σε συγκεκριμ?να σημε?α που αποτελο?ν και τα βασικ?τερα τη? αφ?γησ?? του.
Παρ? τη περιορισμ?νη ?κταση του ?ργου, ο συγγραφ?α? καταφ?ρνει να παραθ?σει μια ακριβ? θα μπορο?σαμε να πο?με καταγραφ? τη? ζω?? των δουλοπ?ροικων. Ο αναγν?στη? παρατηρε? τι? σχ?σει? μεταξ? του υπηρετικο? προσωπικο?, την απ?λυτη εξουσ?α τη? κυρ?α? στι? ζω?? του? (π.χ αποφασ?ζει ποιο? θα παντρευτε? με ποιον), την αν?φελη υποταγ? του? (με σκοπ? να κερδ?σουν την ε?νοια - π.χ οι ευνοο?μενε? αυλικ?? τη? κυρ?α? - ο χαρακτηρισμ?? του Γερ?σιμου ω? αχ?ριστο? - η απ?λυση του? μετ? το θ?νατο τη? κυρ?α?), το φ?βο στα καπρ?τσια τη? κλπ. Ε?ναι εκπληκτικ? πω? ο Turgenev καταφ?ρνει να μιλ?σει για αυτ? που θ?λει να στιγματ?σει με τρομερ? οικονομ?α λ?ξεων χωρ?? να αποπροσανατολ?ζει τον αναγν?στη απ? το κεντρικ? θ?μα του ?ργου.
?μω? ξεκ?νησα να μιλ? για τα βασικ? σημε?α του και αμ?λησα να αναφ?ρω ποιο? ε?ναι ο Γ??ρ?σιμο? και ποια η Μουμο?. Ο Γερ?σιμο? λοιπ?ν ε?ναι ο κωφ?λαλο? εργ?τη?, γεροδεμ?νο?, δουλευταρ?? και τρομακτικ?? στην ?ψη (κατ? τι? περιγραφ??), ευνοο?μενο? απ? την αφεντικ?να του (γιατ? κ?νει ?λε? τι? δουλει??), απομονωμ?νο? απ? το υπ?λοιπο προσωπικ? (που τον χλευ?ζει και τον φοβ?ται) και ερωτευμ?νο? με την Τατι?να. Καταδικασμ?νο? ?ρωτα? αφο? η κοπ?λα δεν ανταποκρ?νεται μα και η χ?ρα αποφασ?ζει να την παντρ?ψει με τον τσαγκ?ρη που ?χει στη δο?λεψ? τη?. Η Μουμο? τ?ρα ε?ναι η φων? του Γερ?σιμου.. η μικρ? σκυλ?τσα που ?σωσε στο δρ?μο και κρατ?ει κοντ? του.
Η σχ?ση που χτ?ζει ο Turgenev αν?μεσα στο Γερ?σιμο και τη Μουμο? αποτελε? το μοναδικ? στοιχε?ο ?παρξη? αγ?πη? καθ?? και το μοναδικ? στοιχε?ο ?παρξη? οικογ?νεια? στο ?ργο. Η χ?ρα ζει μ?νη τη?, η Τατι?να και ο τσαγκ?ρη? παντρε?ονται επειδ? του? πρ?σταξε η αφεντικ?να (ε?ναι εξαιρετικ? τα σημε?α που αναφ?ρει την αντ?δραση του τσαγκ?ρη αλλ? και τη? Τατι?να? στο ?κουσμα του επικε?μενου γ?μου του?), ακ?μα και ?να? ελ?χιστο? δι?λογο? του αυλικο? Γαβριηλοβιτ? με τη γυνα?κα του δε καταδεικν?ει στο ελ?χιστο συν?φεια με οικογενειακ? δεσμ?. Αντιλαμβαν?μαστε ?τι ολ?κληρο το ?ργο δομε?ται κυρ?ω? απ? την απουσ?α τη? αγ?πη?, απ? την απουσ?α τη? οικογ?νεια?. Η σχ?ση Μουμο? - Γερ?σιμου ?χει δοτικ?τητα, αφοσ?ωση, προστατευτικ?τητα και εμπιστοσ?νη. Η Μουμο? θα γ?νει η φων? που δεν ?χει.
Δε θα πρ?πει να μα? κ?νει εντ?πωση που ο Turgenev δομε? την ιστορ?α του με κεντρικ? ?ξονα την απουσ?α τη? αμοιβα?α? αγ?πη? καθ?? και τη? οικογ?νεια?. ?λλωστε η Μουμο? ?χει αρκετ? αυτοβιογραφικ? στοιχε?α με συμβολιστικ? τρ?πο δοσμ?να β?βαια. Η χ?ρα ηλικιωμ?νη κυρ?α ε?ναι πλασμ?νη ?πω? ?χει γραφτε? στα πρ?τυπα τη? δεσποτικ?? μητ?ρα? του συγγραφ?α. Η σχ?ση του ?λλωστε με τη μητ?ρα του ?ταν ταραχ?δη? (επιθυμο?σε να τον αποκληρ?σει κλπ)
Για τον Turgenev, ο Γερ?σιμο? αντιπροσωπε?ει το Ρ?σο μουζ?κο. Τον ?νθρωπο που ε?ναι εργατικ?? αλλ? δεν ?χει φων?, που ε?ναι τ?μιο? (?χει μπ?σα!), που μπορε? να ε?ναι υποταγμ?νο? μ?χρι τη στιγμ? που θα επαναστατ?σει και θα διεκδικ?σει την ελευθερ?α του. Μη ξεχν?με εδ? πω? ?ταν η περιουσ?α τη? μητ?ρα? του περι?λθε στα χ?ρια του ο Turgenev απελευθ?ρωσε του? μουζ?κου?.
Ε?ναι εκπληκτικ?? β?βαια ο τρ?πο? που καταφ?ρνει να θυμ?ζει στον αναγν?στη ?τι ο ?ρωα? ε?ναι κωφ?λαλο? (οχι φυσικ? δια τη? αμ?σου υπενθ?μιση?/ επαν?ληψη?) αλλ? με συγκλονιστικ?? αναφορ?? (?πω? στο σημε?ο που πν?γεται η Μουμο?: ".. βλ?πετε για αυτ?ν και οι πιο δυνατο? θ?ρυβοι του πρωινο? ?ταν πιο σιωπηλο? απ? οτι ε?ναι για μα? η σιγαλι? τη? ν?χτα?..").
Ο Turgenev λοιπ?ν κυριευμ?νο? απ? το παρ?ν του (χαμ?? του Γκ?γκολ, φυλακ?) και επηρεασμ?νο? απ? το παρελθ?ν του και τι? αναφορ?? του (αυταρχικ? μητ?ρα, συνθ?κε? ζω?? μουζικων) γρ?φει τη Μουμου και αφ?νει ?λε? τι? ανησυχιε? του να τον καθοδηγησουν.
Το τ?λο? του βιβλ?ου αφ?νεται στον εκ?στοτε αναγν?στη να βγ?λει τα συμπερ?σματ? του ακολουθ?ντα? τον ?χο απ τα β?ματα του Γερ?σιμου.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
October 11, 2020
Quantas feridas um homem pode suportar.?
Guerássim , mudo e surdo de nascen?a, foi tirado de junto de sua família, foi mandado para Moscou para servir como porteiro na casa de uma velha senhora. Era forte e robusto, trabalhava por 4 pessoas. Apesar de um caráter extraordinário, tinha suas dificuldades por ser mudo e surdo. Uma criatura sólida do ponto de vista moral, mas limitado em inteligência e saber.
Apesar de n?o se relacionar bem com as pessoas, ele se apega a uma cachorrinha que ele salvou no rio , presa no lodo, a qual ele chamou de MuMu.
A partir daí toda a história gira em torno, desse gigante robusto, e desse ser frágil.
Olha, ?qualquer um que tenha um cora??o irá se emocionar com essa história.
Ivan Turguêniev na pessoa de Guerássim, critica ?o modo como os camponeses eram tratados, em que condi??es vivam , a que eram se submetidos na Rússia Czarista.
Um conto muito triste, que com certeza n?o te deixará feliz, mas vai fazer você analisar , pensar nas desigualdades e injusti?as que sempre estiveram presentes nesse mundo.
Guerássim , mudo e surdo de nascen?a, foi tirado de junto de sua família, foi mandado para Moscou para servir como porteiro na casa de uma velha senhora. Era forte e robusto, trabalhava por 4 pessoas. Apesar de um caráter extraordinário, tinha suas dificuldades por ser mudo e surdo. Uma criatura sólida do ponto de vista moral, mas limitado em inteligência e saber.
Apesar de n?o se relacionar bem com as pessoas, ele se apega a uma cachorrinha que ele salvou no rio , presa no lodo, a qual ele chamou de MuMu.
A partir daí toda a história gira em torno, desse gigante robusto, e desse ser frágil.
Olha, ?qualquer um que tenha um cora??o irá se emocionar com essa história.
Ivan Turguêniev na pessoa de Guerássim, critica ?o modo como os camponeses eram tratados, em que condi??es vivam , a que eram se submetidos na Rússia Czarista.
Um conto muito triste, que com certeza n?o te deixará feliz, mas vai fazer você analisar , pensar nas desigualdades e injusti?as que sempre estiveram presentes nesse mundo.
June 27, 2023
????????Τα βιβλ?α με πρωταγωνιστ?? ζ?α ε?χαν και ?χουν π?ντα μια ξεχωριστ? θ?ση στην καρδι? μου. ?να απ? αυτ? τα ζ?α ε?ναι πλ?ον και η Μουμο?. ?να ?κρω? ανθρ?πινο, συγκινητικ? και διδακτικ? αν?γνωσμα που κερδ?ζει επ?ξια 4 υπ?ρλαμπρα αστερ?κια!!!
January 5, 2015
A deaf-mute and a stray dog. This being written by a russian, you know the ending is going to be sad.
March 31, 2023
Dopo aver letto "Memorie di un Cacciatore", adesso questa breve antologia di tre racconti dello stesso autore mi ha riavvicinato all'atmosfera della campagna russa dell'ottocento con i suoi spazi sterminati, i suoi cieli cangianti, la brava gente delle proprietà terriere dei nobili e alla poetica scrittura di questo grande scrittore. Un ottimo libro per chiudere in bellezza le letture del 2022.
June 15, 2020
Μια γλυκι? σκυλ?τσα, κατεξοχ?ν σ?μβολο αθω?τητα? κι αγ?πη? χωρ?? ανταλλ?γματα, γ?νεται το μοναδικ? πλ?σμα που αγ?πησε το Γκερασ?μ, ?να γιγαντ?σωμο, καλοκ?γαθο μουζ?κο. Ε?ναι κωφ?λαλο? και Μουμο? ε?ναι ο μοναδικ?? ?χο? που μπορε? να προφ?ρει.
Θα μπορο?σε να ε?ναι ?να τρυφερ? παραμ?θι, το χρονικ? μια? ?μορφη? φιλ?α?, στα χ?ρια ?μω? του Turgenyev γ?νεται ?να δυνατ? δι?γημα - καταγγελ?α για ?λου? εκε?νου? του? αδ?ναμου? ανθρ?που? που δεν ?χουν δικα?ωμα λ?γου, ε?ναι ?μω? καλο? για να κ?νουν ?λε? τι? δουλει??.
Οι παραλληλισμο? με το ε?ναι νομ?ζω εμφανε??.
Για ?λλη μια φορ? δηλ?νω γοητευμ?νο? απ? τη Ρ?σικη σχολ?. 5/5 και ?δη αγαπημ?νο.
Θα μπορο?σε να ε?ναι ?να τρυφερ? παραμ?θι, το χρονικ? μια? ?μορφη? φιλ?α?, στα χ?ρια ?μω? του Turgenyev γ?νεται ?να δυνατ? δι?γημα - καταγγελ?α για ?λου? εκε?νου? του? αδ?ναμου? ανθρ?που? που δεν ?χουν δικα?ωμα λ?γου, ε?ναι ?μω? καλο? για να κ?νουν ?λε? τι? δουλει??.
Οι παραλληλισμο? με το ε?ναι νομ?ζω εμφανε??.
Για ?λλη μια φορ? δηλ?νω γοητευμ?νο? απ? τη Ρ?σικη σχολ?. 5/5 και ?δη αγαπημ?νο.
September 21, 2023
Until the last word of this book, I hoped it would have a happy ending. That things will shift, and goodness will win. That the fair will be given fairness.
If you are familiar with classic Russian authors, that's a silly hope to have.
It's a story that revolves around Gerasim, a very-tall, hardworking serf. Although the serf is mute, everyone respects him due to his unusual strength ("he did the work of four men"), cleanliness, and high moral principles.
The only thing that, at moments, stops Gerasim from working is Tatiana. A serf of the same mistress, Tatiana is a painfully shy laundress who does her duties faithfully and never dares to speak to anyone. Growing up without affection, she finds the attention from Gerasim equally lovely and terrifying.
Mumu, the book's name, refers to the dog Gerasim saves from dying. Similarly to Tatiana, it is a creature that brightens Gerasim's days. And, similarly to Tatiana, something he cannot have.
I highly recommend it.
If you are familiar with classic Russian authors, that's a silly hope to have.
It's a story that revolves around Gerasim, a very-tall, hardworking serf. Although the serf is mute, everyone respects him due to his unusual strength ("he did the work of four men"), cleanliness, and high moral principles.
The only thing that, at moments, stops Gerasim from working is Tatiana. A serf of the same mistress, Tatiana is a painfully shy laundress who does her duties faithfully and never dares to speak to anyone. Growing up without affection, she finds the attention from Gerasim equally lovely and terrifying.
Mumu, the book's name, refers to the dog Gerasim saves from dying. Similarly to Tatiana, it is a creature that brightens Gerasim's days. And, similarly to Tatiana, something he cannot have.
I highly recommend it.
September 11, 2016
I'm just sitting here feeling empty. Such is the power of Turgenev's exquisite prose. I will not forget this story for a long time. Masterful but sad.
March 6, 2019
Turgenyev'in ?ok ac?kl? bir konusu olan ?yküsü. Ger?ek bir olay? konu ediniyor.
Okudu?um Kitaplar: ?van Turgenyev - Mumu
?yküyle ilgili yaz?m:
Okudu?um Kitaplar: ?van Turgenyev - Mumu
?yküyle ilgili yaz?m:
June 12, 2024
?van Turgenyev benim akl?mda ?air olarak yer edindi?i i?in uzak durdu?um bir yazard?.
Avc?n?n Notlar? yazarla tan??ma kitab?m olur diyordum fakat okudu?um bir kitapta Mumu’dan bahsedilmesiyle i?ler de?i?ti.
Mumu ad?n? i?indeki ?yküden alan ?van Turgenyev’in 1846-1883 y?llar? aras?nda yazd??? alt? ?yküden olu?an bir kitap. Alt? ?ykünün alt?s?n? ayr? ayr? sevmekle beraber ger?ekten yazara hayran oldum. Neyini sevdi?imi tam ifade edemeyecekmi? gibi hissetti?im bir kitap oldu. Ama Rus edebiyat?n? seviyorsan?z bu kitab? sevmeme olas?l???n?z yok diyebilirim. ?yküler y?llara g?re yaz?lma s?ras?yla kitapta yer al?yor. Ve her birinde atmosfer, karakterler o kadar doyurucu bir ritimde ki ?ykü gibi de?il her biri bir roman gibi hissettirdi okurken.
Kitab?n arka kapak k?sm?nda ?evirmenin bir yaz?s? var ve orada “Mumu’dan ba?ka hi?bir ?ey yazm?? olmasayd? bile Turgenyev, gene de büyük bir yazar olarak kal?rd?.” yaz?yor. San?r?m buna fazlas?yla kat?l?yorum. Bir yandan da Helikopter yay?nlar?n?n ?ok kaliteli bas?m?yla kitap okuman?n zevkini katlad???n? atlamamam laz?m. ?ok kolayl?kla okunmas? gereken kitaplardan biri diyerek tavsiye edebilirim.
Avc?n?n Notlar? yazarla tan??ma kitab?m olur diyordum fakat okudu?um bir kitapta Mumu’dan bahsedilmesiyle i?ler de?i?ti.
Mumu ad?n? i?indeki ?yküden alan ?van Turgenyev’in 1846-1883 y?llar? aras?nda yazd??? alt? ?yküden olu?an bir kitap. Alt? ?ykünün alt?s?n? ayr? ayr? sevmekle beraber ger?ekten yazara hayran oldum. Neyini sevdi?imi tam ifade edemeyecekmi? gibi hissetti?im bir kitap oldu. Ama Rus edebiyat?n? seviyorsan?z bu kitab? sevmeme olas?l???n?z yok diyebilirim. ?yküler y?llara g?re yaz?lma s?ras?yla kitapta yer al?yor. Ve her birinde atmosfer, karakterler o kadar doyurucu bir ritimde ki ?ykü gibi de?il her biri bir roman gibi hissettirdi okurken.
Kitab?n arka kapak k?sm?nda ?evirmenin bir yaz?s? var ve orada “Mumu’dan ba?ka hi?bir ?ey yazm?? olmasayd? bile Turgenyev, gene de büyük bir yazar olarak kal?rd?.” yaz?yor. San?r?m buna fazlas?yla kat?l?yorum. Bir yandan da Helikopter yay?nlar?n?n ?ok kaliteli bas?m?yla kitap okuman?n zevkini katlad???n? atlamamam laz?m. ?ok kolayl?kla okunmas? gereken kitaplardan biri diyerek tavsiye edebilirim.
July 7, 2020
?να λιτ?, συγκινητικ? δι?γημα.
April 21, 2017
???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???--???? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ??????--????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ????????!
March 24, 2023
???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????,?? ??? ? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????,????????? ??? ???? ?????
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??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????
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?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????
?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???,??????? ?????? ?????!
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??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????,????????? ??? ???? ?????
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??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????
?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
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December 3, 2024
Frau Kuzminykh hatte Recht, ich hab geheult.
November 30, 2016
2.5 stars.Turgenev was a writer I loved and admired in my early-20s for his tales of unrequited love, emotional atmosphere, and Germanic-influenced style. I decided to return to his writing now that I'm reaching middle age, starting with "Mumu," and I quickly found myself perhaps too cynical to accept many of those same characteristics that drew me to his writing as a younger man. We have a lovelorn deaf-mute. An oppressive caste system. An abandoned dog. It has all the markings of a Hallmark Hall of Fame movie. It's not that I reacted negatively to the emotionally manipulative elements; I just didn't really react at all. It felt too contrived. Was this an isolated trait of one Turgenev tale, or was this the norm for the Turgenev that I loved when I was 23? I'm not sure. I'd need to read more -- and perhaps reread some of his work -- to figure out if I may have fallen away from Turgenev's writing, or if this was just a one-off occurrence.
November 3, 2016
Well, though I couldn't get much into the psyche of the mute,or get into any of the characters,still,the best part of the story was the relationship between the mute and his dog Muma.There was a touching moment when he looked into the puppy's eyes for the last time. The beauty (or sadness?) of that scene lies in the fact that the poor dog didn't have any clue about what was going to happen...who knows of what the poor puppy thought,and why there was a look of trust in his eyes...the puppy trusted the mute till the very end...some may laugh and say: "it's just a stupid dog,it can't feel." Well,this story proved that claim wrong.
In the end I must say I am content with it (Turgenev's style of writing especially) since it's my first foray into Turgenev,so I'll definitely check out some of his other works =))
In the end I must say I am content with it (Turgenev's style of writing especially) since it's my first foray into Turgenev,so I'll definitely check out some of his other works =))
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
July 11, 2023
???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???,????????? ?????! ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????! ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? "????" ?? ??????
????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???,?? ??? ????? ????
??? ?? ?????????,??????? ??? ??? ????????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????,???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??,??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????,?????? ?????? (????) ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????,????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ????
??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????,????, ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
??? ??????? ??????? ?????? "????"?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ? ?????,??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????
????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???,?? ??? ????? ????
??? ?? ?????????,??????? ??? ??? ????????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????,???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??,??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????,?????? ?????? (????) ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????,????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ????
??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????,????, ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
??? ??????? ??????? ?????? "????"?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ? ?????,??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????
February 13, 2022
Pity the serfs in their silent isolation.
May 27, 2018
This story made me cry! The 欧宝娱乐 description says it is about the poverty and brutality of serfdom, but I didn't see anything like that in the story.
While Gerasim, as a serf, is not rich, he lives in comfortable enough circumstances and does not want for any material necessity, and neither do his fellow serfs, whether in the country or city. Rather, Gerasim's problem is isolation and loneliness, brought about by his disability as a deaf-mute and the indifference of those around him, whether serf or free.
The laundress he courts does not return his affection, and it's only after she has spent a few years married to a drunk does she learn something: There's a difference between a man who tries, however awkwardly, to earn her affection and one to whom she has merely been given as an unsuccessful means to cure bad behavior. Big difference.
Gerasim's affection is only welcomed and returned with joy when he rescues a little dog named Mumu. She is the apple of his eye, his faithful shadow, his sole consolation in this life. She's the only one who appreciates him. An ill timed bark and momentary irritation from the old lady (mistress of the house), however, is enough to lead to Gerasim being forced to give her up too, in the most heart wrenching and irrevocable of ways, on top of everything else he's already given up.
The old lady is not a cruel or malicious woman; she is just thoughtless and self centered. She has been so long accustomed to her serfs' following orders, satisfying her wants that she has ceased to think of them as people. To her they're instruments. By the end of the story, she is surprised to find herself in the same spot as King David was, accused of taking away Uriah's one ewe lamb. (King David was surprised too).
Even the other serfs, who know perfectly well what Mumu means to Gerasim, and how capricious their mistress is, fail him. They could have pleaded his case to her or just helped him keep the dog out of her way until she was in a better mood. Instead, her word is law and they obey without question. They don't put themselves in Gerasim's place any more than she does, and putting themselves out for his sake even a little bit doesn't occur to them.
I can see how this story was good for consciousness raising among the Russian nobility of Turgenev's day toward the serfs. But its lessons still apply to our own time--we modern people who use legality as an excuse to dispense with morality, who are becoming accustomed to think of each other in a utilitarian way as instruments rather than as persons.
While Gerasim, as a serf, is not rich, he lives in comfortable enough circumstances and does not want for any material necessity, and neither do his fellow serfs, whether in the country or city. Rather, Gerasim's problem is isolation and loneliness, brought about by his disability as a deaf-mute and the indifference of those around him, whether serf or free.
The laundress he courts does not return his affection, and it's only after she has spent a few years married to a drunk does she learn something: There's a difference between a man who tries, however awkwardly, to earn her affection and one to whom she has merely been given as an unsuccessful means to cure bad behavior. Big difference.
Gerasim's affection is only welcomed and returned with joy when he rescues a little dog named Mumu. She is the apple of his eye, his faithful shadow, his sole consolation in this life. She's the only one who appreciates him. An ill timed bark and momentary irritation from the old lady (mistress of the house), however, is enough to lead to Gerasim being forced to give her up too, in the most heart wrenching and irrevocable of ways, on top of everything else he's already given up.
The old lady is not a cruel or malicious woman; she is just thoughtless and self centered. She has been so long accustomed to her serfs' following orders, satisfying her wants that she has ceased to think of them as people. To her they're instruments. By the end of the story, she is surprised to find herself in the same spot as King David was, accused of taking away Uriah's one ewe lamb. (King David was surprised too).
Even the other serfs, who know perfectly well what Mumu means to Gerasim, and how capricious their mistress is, fail him. They could have pleaded his case to her or just helped him keep the dog out of her way until she was in a better mood. Instead, her word is law and they obey without question. They don't put themselves in Gerasim's place any more than she does, and putting themselves out for his sake even a little bit doesn't occur to them.
I can see how this story was good for consciousness raising among the Russian nobility of Turgenev's day toward the serfs. But its lessons still apply to our own time--we modern people who use legality as an excuse to dispense with morality, who are becoming accustomed to think of each other in a utilitarian way as instruments rather than as persons.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
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