What do you think?
Rate this book
爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 #1-2
乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞: 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇
丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞: 賴賵 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 廿亘乇丕賴賷賲 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 丕賱胤賳噩賷貙 兀亘賵 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴貙 乇丨丕賱丞 賲丐乇禺. 賵賱丿 賮賷 胤賳噩丞貙 爻賳丞 703賴賭 丕賱賲賵丕賮賯 1304賲 亘丕賱賲睾乇亘 丕賱兀賯氐賶貙 賵禺乇噩 賲賳賴丕 爻賳丞 725賴賭貙 賮胤丕賮 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賲睾乇亘 賵賲氐乇 賵丕賱卮丕賲 賵丕賱丨噩丕夭 賵丕賱毓乇丕賯 賵賮丕乇爻 賵丕賱賷賲賳 賵丕賱亘丨乇賷賳貙 賵鬲乇賰爻鬲丕賳 賵賲丕 賵乇丕亍 丕賱賳賴乇 賵亘毓囟 丕賱賴賳丿 賵丕賱氐賷賳 賵丕賱噩丕賵丞貙 賵亘賱丕丿 丕賱鬲鬲乇貙 賵兀賵丕爻胤 廿賮乇賷賯賷丞. 賵丕鬲氐賱 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵丕賱兀賲乇丕亍貙 賮賲丿丨賴賲 - 賵賰丕賳 賷賳馗賲 丕賱卮毓乇 - 賵丕爻鬲毓丕賳 亘賴亘丕鬲賴賲 毓賱賶 兀爻賮丕乇賴. 賵毓丕丿 廿賱賶 丕賱賲睾乇亘 丕賱兀賯氐賶貙 賮丕賳賯胤毓 廿賱賶 丕賱爻賱胤丕賳 兀亘賷 毓賳丕賳 (賲賳 賲賱賵賰 亘賳賷 賲乇賷賳) 賮兀賯丕賲 賮賷 亘賱丕丿賴. 賵兀賲賱賶 兀禺亘丕乇 乇丨賱鬲賴 毓賱賶 "賲丨賲丿 亘賳 噩夭賷" 丕賱賰賱亘賷 亘賲丿賷賳丞 賮丕爻 爻賳丞 756賴賭 賵爻賲丕賴丕 "鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇". 鬲乇噩賲鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱亘乇鬲睾丕賱賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇賳爻賷丞 賵丕賱廿賳賰賱賷夭賷丞 賵賳卮乇鬲 亘賴丕貙 賵鬲乇噩賲鬲 賮氐賵賱 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵賳卮乇鬲 兀賷囟丕賸. 賵賰丕賳 賷丨爻賳 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞 賵丕賱賮丕乇爻賷丞. 賵賯丿 丕爻鬲睾乇賯鬲 乇丨賱鬲賴 27 爻賳丞 賲賳 毓丕賲 (1325-1352賲) 賵賲丕鬲 賮賷 賲乇丕賰卮 爻賳丞 779賴賭 = 爻賳丞 1377賲.
賷賲鬲丕夭 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘兀賳賴 乇丕賵賺 賲賳 丕賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶, 鬲鬲賵丕賱賶 兀丨丿丕孬 乇丨賱鬲賴 亘乇卮丕賯丞 毓噩賷亘丞, 丨賷孬 賷禺鬲乇賯賴丕 丕賱賯氐氐 丕賱賲爻賱賷 亘賳賴乇 丿丕賮賯 賲賳 賯賵丞 丕賱禺賷丕賱 賵丿賯丞 丕賱賵丕賯毓. 賵賴賵 賷乇爻賲 賱賳丕 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 賵丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲, 賵賷氐賮 賱賳丕 丕賱兀賱亘爻丞 亘兀賱賵丕賳賴丕 賵兀卮賰丕賱賴丕 賵丨賷賵賷鬲賴丕 賵丿賱丕賱鬲賴丕. 賵賱丕 賷賳爻賶 丕賱兀胤毓賲丞 賵兀賳賵丕毓賴丕 賵胤乇賷賯丞 氐賳丕毓鬲賴丕, 賲賲丕 賷孬賷乇 賱毓丕亘 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賱鬲匕賵賯 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲兀賰賵賱丕鬲. 賵賴賵 賷氐賮 丕賱賲丿賳 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 亘毓賷賳 賲氐賵乇 亘丕乇毓, 氐丕丿賯 丕賱乇賷卮丞 賵丕賱賰賱賲丞, 兀賷賳賲丕 賷鬲賵噩賴 賵丨賷孬賲丕 丨賱 亘兀爻賱賵亘 爻賱爻 丿丕賮賯 亘丕賱兀賱賵丕賳 賵丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 賵丕賱夭禺丕乇賮. 賵賱丕 賷賳爻賶 亘兀賳 賷乇賮丿賳丕 亘賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賯賷賲丞 毓賳 丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲 賵兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱毓亘丕丿丞 賮賷賴丕, 賵賷亘丿賵 賱賳丕 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘丕賱鬲氐賵賮 賵丕賱賲鬲氐賵賮丞, 賮鬲賱賰 丕賱馗丕賴乇丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓賷卮 毓氐乇賴丕 丕賱匕賴亘賷 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 丕賱賴噩乇賷 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞貨 賵賱丕 乇賷亘 兀賳 匕賱賰 賰丕賳 賷鬲賵丕賮賯 賲毓 胤亘賷毓鬲賴 丕賱廿賷賲丕賳賷丞.
賵兀禺賷乇丕賸 賮鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇 爻賮乇 賯賷賲 賱丕 賷爻鬲睾賳賷 毓賳賴 兀丿賷亘 兀賵 毓丕賱賲 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕禺鬲氐丕氐賴, 賮賷 賲賰鬲亘鬲賴 賱兀賴賲賷鬲賴 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱兀賳鬲乇賵亘賵賱賵噩賷丞.
賷賲鬲丕夭 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘兀賳賴 乇丕賵賺 賲賳 丕賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶, 鬲鬲賵丕賱賶 兀丨丿丕孬 乇丨賱鬲賴 亘乇卮丕賯丞 毓噩賷亘丞, 丨賷孬 賷禺鬲乇賯賴丕 丕賱賯氐氐 丕賱賲爻賱賷 亘賳賴乇 丿丕賮賯 賲賳 賯賵丞 丕賱禺賷丕賱 賵丿賯丞 丕賱賵丕賯毓. 賵賴賵 賷乇爻賲 賱賳丕 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 賵丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲, 賵賷氐賮 賱賳丕 丕賱兀賱亘爻丞 亘兀賱賵丕賳賴丕 賵兀卮賰丕賱賴丕 賵丨賷賵賷鬲賴丕 賵丿賱丕賱鬲賴丕. 賵賱丕 賷賳爻賶 丕賱兀胤毓賲丞 賵兀賳賵丕毓賴丕 賵胤乇賷賯丞 氐賳丕毓鬲賴丕, 賲賲丕 賷孬賷乇 賱毓丕亘 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賱鬲匕賵賯 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲兀賰賵賱丕鬲. 賵賴賵 賷氐賮 丕賱賲丿賳 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 亘毓賷賳 賲氐賵乇 亘丕乇毓, 氐丕丿賯 丕賱乇賷卮丞 賵丕賱賰賱賲丞, 兀賷賳賲丕 賷鬲賵噩賴 賵丨賷孬賲丕 丨賱 亘兀爻賱賵亘 爻賱爻 丿丕賮賯 亘丕賱兀賱賵丕賳 賵丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 賵丕賱夭禺丕乇賮. 賵賱丕 賷賳爻賶 亘兀賳 賷乇賮丿賳丕 亘賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賯賷賲丞 毓賳 丕賱丿賷丕賳丕鬲 賵兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱毓亘丕丿丞 賮賷賴丕, 賵賷亘丿賵 賱賳丕 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賴 丕賱卮丿賷丿 亘丕賱鬲氐賵賮 賵丕賱賲鬲氐賵賮丞, 賮鬲賱賰 丕賱馗丕賴乇丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓賷卮 毓氐乇賴丕 丕賱匕賴亘賷 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 丕賱賴噩乇賷 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞貨 賵賱丕 乇賷亘 兀賳 匕賱賰 賰丕賳 賷鬲賵丕賮賯 賲毓 胤亘賷毓鬲賴 丕賱廿賷賲丕賳賷丞.
賵兀禺賷乇丕賸 賮鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇 爻賮乇 賯賷賲 賱丕 賷爻鬲睾賳賷 毓賳賴 兀丿賷亘 兀賵 毓丕賱賲 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕禺鬲氐丕氐賴, 賮賷 賲賰鬲亘鬲賴 賱兀賴賲賷鬲賴 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱兀賳鬲乇賵亘賵賱賵噩賷丞.
749 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1355
604 people are currently reading
13348 people want to read
About the author
Ibn Battuta
73听books240听followersArabic profile: 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn 賽Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (Arabic: 兀亘賵 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 賲丨賲丿 丕亘賳 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 丕賱胤賳噩賷 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞鈥�) was a Muslim Marinid Berber scholar and jurisprudent from the Maliki Madhhab (a school of Fiqh, or Sunni Islamic law), and at times a Qadi or judge. However, he is best known as a traveler and explorer, whose account documents his travels and excursions over a period of almost thirty years, covering some 73,000 miles (117,000 km). These journeys covered almost the entirety of the known Islamic world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, to the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance readily surpassing that of his predecessors and his near-contemporary Guru Nanak.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn 賽Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta (Arabic: 兀亘賵 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 賲丨賲丿 丕亘賳 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 丕賱胤賳噩賷 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞鈥�) was a Muslim Marinid Berber scholar and jurisprudent from the Maliki Madhhab (a school of Fiqh, or Sunni Islamic law), and at times a Qadi or judge. However, he is best known as a traveler and explorer, whose account documents his travels and excursions over a period of almost thirty years, covering some 73,000 miles (117,000 km). These journeys covered almost the entirety of the known Islamic world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, to the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance readily surpassing that of his predecessors and his near-contemporary Guru Nanak.
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 30 of 338 reviews
June 1, 2020
Fascinating and repugnant by turns. In India Battutah reports on the ancient Hindu rite of sati (also suttee), in which the widow burns herself to death on her husband鈥檚 pyre. This is the first such description of the practice I鈥檝e read. Usually, in my reading, sati is referred to as a superseded barbarity and universally deplored, but here Ibn Battutah describes its active practice.
But I rush ahead. We are at the start in the early 14th century traveling through the Holy Land with a Sunni Muslim gentleman who calmly describes the cities he comes to and their inhabitants. He鈥檚 good at pointing out fine examples of architecture, like the Umayyad Mosque in the Old City of Damascus (715 CE), still standing today. But I also like it when he points out a kindness, as when he came down with fever and the Maliki professor Nur al-Din as-Sakhalin kept him abed in his home while doctors treated him. He makes two trips to Mecca in the early pages, tours Yemen, where we learn something of the cities of San鈥檃, and Zafar, then it鈥檚 on to Mogadishu, Somalia, where the fare is: 鈥淩ice cooked with ghee, which they put into a large wooden platter, and on top of this they set platters of kushan. This is the seasoning, made of chickens, flesh-meat, fish and vegetables. They cook unripe bananas in fresh milk and put this in one dish, and in another they put curdled milk, on which they place pieces of pickled lemon, bunches of pickled pepper steeped in vinegar and salted, green ginger, and mangoes.鈥� (p. 124)
Interesting here is Ibn Battutah鈥檚 account of how much of life in the Islamic world went on despite the Crusades. He is in the Holy Land for only a portion of his travels. So occasionally it impinges on the periphery of his world, but mostly it goes unremarked upon. I鈥檓 astonished by the tradition of hospitality of the Akhi, who work by day solely that they may board and feed travelers by night. From Wikipedia: 鈥淭he men of the brotherhood were generally very well-mannered and generous as they ascribed to the ideas of chivalry and virtue put forth in the Futuuwa. Ibn Battutah described them as 鈥榤en so eager to welcome strangers, so prompt to serve food and to satisfy the wants of others, and so ready to suppress injustice and kill [tyrannical agents of police and the miscreants who join with them].鈥� Many of the brotherhoods formed their fellowship through documents similar to a 鈥榝utuwwatnames' which preached virtues like modesty, self-control and [self] denial.鈥� Interestingly, Ibn Battutah never describes the fellows he travels with. 鈥淲e used to buy a quarter of fat mutton for two dirhams and bread for two dirhams鈥� this would satisfy our needs for a day, and there were ten of us.鈥� (p. 164) This seems to suggest the casual clubbing together of travelers for purposes of mutual self-protection and purchasing power.
His discussion of his purchases of slave girls and boys is disconcerting, but then one thinks, well, we are in the 14th century after all. But when the virgin Greek female slaves grow heavy with his own child one gives a shudder. These were reprehensible practices. They still are. The Muslim world is well known for its ongoing slave trafficking to this day. (See Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn鈥檚 book , specifically the chapter 鈥淓mancipating 21st Century Slaves鈥�.) Moving on, I enjoyed Battutah's description of the Greek Orthodox Hagia Sofia before it was turned into an Ottoman Imperial mosque. Of Constantinople, he writes 鈥淢ost of the inhabitants of the city are monks, devotees, and priests, and it鈥檚 churches are numerous beyond computation. The men of the city, both soldiers and others, carry over their heads great parasols, both winter and summer, and the women wear voluminous turbans.鈥� (p. 187) The chapter titled 鈥淎ccount of the sultan of Transoxiana鈥� may be the most interesting to me so far. I was curious to see which of the antiquities written about by Robert Byron in his were extant at the time if Ibn Battutah鈥檚 peregrinations. He was then in the Persian Empire, now Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. I know they both visited Samarkand (now Uzbekistan) 600 years apart.
He鈥檚 raised to the office of qadi (judge) by the sultan of Delhi. I find the largesse of all the Muslims he visits dazzling. He鈥檚 good at his various catalog of goods. Slave girls are often bought or exchanged. He signals his frank pleasure in fucking them. He must marry and leave a dozen women during the course of his travels. They are chattel. In the Maldives one can marry temporarily while in town, and then divorce the women when it鈥檚 time to leave. He goes to China which he traverses by way of an elaborate system of canals. He鈥檚 robbed by pirates on the Indian Ocean. He escapes catastrophic shipwreck. He returns home to Tangier, and then decides to join the fight against the infidel in the Iberian Peninsula, part of the reconquista. He describes the death of Alphonso IX of Castile from the Black Death while besieging Gibraltar, which must have felt like a big win.
This is an abridgment, 401 pages long, based on the Gibb-Beckingham translation, 5 volumes, Hakluyt Society.
When these three women...made a compact to burn themselves, they spent three days preceding the event in concerts of music and singing and festivals of eating and drinking, as though they were bidding farewell to the world, and the women from all around came to take part. On the morning of the fourth day each one of them had a horse brought to her and mounted it, richly dressed and perfumed. In her right hand she held a coconut, with which she played, and in her left a mirror, in which she could see her face. They were surrounded by Brahmins and accompanied by their own relatives, and were preceded by drums, trumpets and bugles. Every one of the infidels would say to one of them, 鈥橳ake greetings from me to my father, or brother, or mother, or friend,鈥� and she would say 鈥榊es,鈥� and smile at them. I rode out with my companions to see what exactly these women did in this ceremony of burning. After traveling about three miles with them we came to a dark place with much water and trees with heavy shade, amongst which there were four pavilions, each containing a stone idol. Between the pavilions there was a basin of water over which a dense shade was cast by trees so thickly set that the sun could not penetrate them. This place looked like a spot in hell--God preserve us from it! On reaching these pavilions they descended to the pool, plunged into it and divested themselves of their clothes and ornaments, which they distributed as alms. Each one was then given an unsewn garment of coarse cotton and tied part of it round her waist and part over her head and shoulders. Meanwhile, the fires had been lit near this basin in a low-lying spot, and oil of sesame poured over them that the flames were increased. There were about fifteen men there with faggots of thin wood, and with them about ten others with heavy baulks in their hands, while the drummers and trumpeters were standing by waiting for the women鈥檚 coming. The fire was screened off by a blanket held by some men in their hands, so that they should not be frightened by the sight of it. I saw one of them, on coming to the blanket, pull it violently out of the men鈥檚 hands, saying to them with a laugh, 鈥業s it with the fire that you frighten me? I know that it is a blazing fire.鈥� Thereupon she joined her hands above her head in salutation to the fire and cast herself into it. At the same moment the drums, trumpets and bugles were sounded, and men threw on her the firewood they were carrying and the others put those heavy baulks on top of her to prevent her moving, cries were raised and there was a loud clamor. When I saw this I had all but fallen off my horse, if my companions had not quickly brought water to me and laved my face, after which I withdrew. (p. 222-223)
But I rush ahead. We are at the start in the early 14th century traveling through the Holy Land with a Sunni Muslim gentleman who calmly describes the cities he comes to and their inhabitants. He鈥檚 good at pointing out fine examples of architecture, like the Umayyad Mosque in the Old City of Damascus (715 CE), still standing today. But I also like it when he points out a kindness, as when he came down with fever and the Maliki professor Nur al-Din as-Sakhalin kept him abed in his home while doctors treated him. He makes two trips to Mecca in the early pages, tours Yemen, where we learn something of the cities of San鈥檃, and Zafar, then it鈥檚 on to Mogadishu, Somalia, where the fare is: 鈥淩ice cooked with ghee, which they put into a large wooden platter, and on top of this they set platters of kushan. This is the seasoning, made of chickens, flesh-meat, fish and vegetables. They cook unripe bananas in fresh milk and put this in one dish, and in another they put curdled milk, on which they place pieces of pickled lemon, bunches of pickled pepper steeped in vinegar and salted, green ginger, and mangoes.鈥� (p. 124)
Interesting here is Ibn Battutah鈥檚 account of how much of life in the Islamic world went on despite the Crusades. He is in the Holy Land for only a portion of his travels. So occasionally it impinges on the periphery of his world, but mostly it goes unremarked upon. I鈥檓 astonished by the tradition of hospitality of the Akhi, who work by day solely that they may board and feed travelers by night. From Wikipedia: 鈥淭he men of the brotherhood were generally very well-mannered and generous as they ascribed to the ideas of chivalry and virtue put forth in the Futuuwa. Ibn Battutah described them as 鈥榤en so eager to welcome strangers, so prompt to serve food and to satisfy the wants of others, and so ready to suppress injustice and kill [tyrannical agents of police and the miscreants who join with them].鈥� Many of the brotherhoods formed their fellowship through documents similar to a 鈥榝utuwwatnames' which preached virtues like modesty, self-control and [self] denial.鈥� Interestingly, Ibn Battutah never describes the fellows he travels with. 鈥淲e used to buy a quarter of fat mutton for two dirhams and bread for two dirhams鈥� this would satisfy our needs for a day, and there were ten of us.鈥� (p. 164) This seems to suggest the casual clubbing together of travelers for purposes of mutual self-protection and purchasing power.
His discussion of his purchases of slave girls and boys is disconcerting, but then one thinks, well, we are in the 14th century after all. But when the virgin Greek female slaves grow heavy with his own child one gives a shudder. These were reprehensible practices. They still are. The Muslim world is well known for its ongoing slave trafficking to this day. (See Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn鈥檚 book , specifically the chapter 鈥淓mancipating 21st Century Slaves鈥�.) Moving on, I enjoyed Battutah's description of the Greek Orthodox Hagia Sofia before it was turned into an Ottoman Imperial mosque. Of Constantinople, he writes 鈥淢ost of the inhabitants of the city are monks, devotees, and priests, and it鈥檚 churches are numerous beyond computation. The men of the city, both soldiers and others, carry over their heads great parasols, both winter and summer, and the women wear voluminous turbans.鈥� (p. 187) The chapter titled 鈥淎ccount of the sultan of Transoxiana鈥� may be the most interesting to me so far. I was curious to see which of the antiquities written about by Robert Byron in his were extant at the time if Ibn Battutah鈥檚 peregrinations. He was then in the Persian Empire, now Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. I know they both visited Samarkand (now Uzbekistan) 600 years apart.
He鈥檚 raised to the office of qadi (judge) by the sultan of Delhi. I find the largesse of all the Muslims he visits dazzling. He鈥檚 good at his various catalog of goods. Slave girls are often bought or exchanged. He signals his frank pleasure in fucking them. He must marry and leave a dozen women during the course of his travels. They are chattel. In the Maldives one can marry temporarily while in town, and then divorce the women when it鈥檚 time to leave. He goes to China which he traverses by way of an elaborate system of canals. He鈥檚 robbed by pirates on the Indian Ocean. He escapes catastrophic shipwreck. He returns home to Tangier, and then decides to join the fight against the infidel in the Iberian Peninsula, part of the reconquista. He describes the death of Alphonso IX of Castile from the Black Death while besieging Gibraltar, which must have felt like a big win.
This is an abridgment, 401 pages long, based on the Gibb-Beckingham translation, 5 volumes, Hakluyt Society.
October 1, 2021
乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 .. 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇
賲賯丿賲丞 :
賵 賲賳匕 賵噩丿 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵噩丿 賮賷 賳賮爻賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞 丕賱賲賱賾丨丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲賳賯賱 賵丕賱廿乇鬲丨丕賱貙 賱兀賳賾賴 賲賮胤賵乇 毓賱賶 丨亘 丕賱廿爻鬲胤賱丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賵賮 賵丕賱鬲卮賵賯 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賮丞 賰賳賴 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱貙 賵丕賱亘丨孬 賵乇丕亍 丕賱禺賮賷丕鬲貙 賱賱鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 兀爻乇丕乇賴丕貙 賵丕賱廿丨丕胤丞 亘卮兀賳賴丕貙 賵丕賱廿賮丕丿丞 賲賲丕 賷賰鬲爻亘 賲賳 丕賱賲毓乇賮丞 .
賲賳 賴賵 責 :
賲賳 兀卮賴乇 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賳丕 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷 .. 丕賱賰賱 爻賲毓 毓賳賴 賵毓賳 乇丨賱丕鬲賴 賵 鬲噩賵丕賱賴 .. 賱賯亘 亘兀賲賷乇 丕賱乇丨丕賱丞 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳
丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 :
賴賵 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 廿亘乇丕賴賷賲 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 廿亘乇丕賴賷賲 亘賳 賷賵爻賮 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 ( 賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 賱賵丕鬲丞 廿丨丿賶 賯亘丕卅賱
丕賱亘乇亘乇 )
賵賱丿 亘胤賳噩丞 賵丿乇爻 丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱卮乇毓賷丞 賮賷賴丕..
乇丨賱鬲賴 :
亘丿兀 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 乇丨賱鬲賴 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賳 乇噩亘 毓丕賲 725 賴噩乇賷 .. 賵丕賳鬲賴鬲 亘賵氐賵賱賴 廿賱賶 賮丕爻 .. 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 匕賷 丕賱丨噩丞 毓丕賲
754 賴噩乇賷 ..
( 賲賱丕丨馗丞 :
鬲丨賷丞 丨丕乇丞 廿賱賶 賰賱 賲爻賱賲賷 丕賱賲賳丕胤賯 丕賱鬲賷 爻賷鬲賲 匕賰乇賴丕 賵 丕賱鬲賷 毓亘乇賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱毓噩賷亘丞 .
夭丕乇 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賲毓馗賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賲毓乇賵賮丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱賵賯鬲 .. 乇丨賱丞 毓亘乇 丕賱賯丕乇丕鬲 丕賱孬賱丕孬 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱夭賲丕賳 賵賴賷 廿賮乇賷賯賷丕 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵 丌爻賷丕 .. 丨賷孬 亘丿兀 乇丨賱鬲賴 賲賳 丕賱賲睾乇亘 丕賱兀賯氐賶 賲乇賵乇丕 亘丕賱噩夭丕卅乇 丕賱鬲賷 丿禺賱賴丕 賲賳 亘賵丕亘丞 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賱賲爻丕賳 孬賲 鬲賵賳爻 孬賲 賱賷亘賷丕 賵夭丕乇 賲氐乇 亘丿亍 賲賳 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞貙 賲乇賵乇丕 亘卮賲丕賱 丕賱丿賱鬲丕 賵賵爻胤賴丕 丨鬲賶 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞貙 賵夭丕乇 氐毓賷丿 賲氐乇 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 賲賳鬲賴賷丕 廿賱賶 賲賷賳丕亍 毓賷匕丕亘貙 賵 毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 賵丕鬲噩賴 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 氐丨乇丕亍 賲氐乇 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞貙 賮爻賷賳丕亍 賵丿禺賱 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賵夭丕乇 兀賴賲 賲丿賳賴丕 賵夭丕乇 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵爻賴賱 丕賱亘賯丕毓 賵胤乇丕亘賱爻 賵噩亘賱 賱亘賳丕賳貙 賵亘毓賱亘賰貙 賵夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丿賲卮賯貙 賵丨賲氐 貙 賵丨賲丕丞 貙 賵賲毓乇丞 丕賱賳毓賲丕賳貙 賵丨賱亘貙 賰賲丕 夭丕乇 丕賱爻丕丨賱 丕賱爻賵乇賷 賵賲丿賳賴 賵丨氐賵賳 丕賱廿爻賲丕毓賷賱賷丞貙 賵賲賳 丿賲卮賯 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱丨噩丕夭 賲丕乇丕 亘丕賱兀乇丿賳 賵兀丿賶 賮乇賷囟丞 丕賱丨噩 丕賱兀賵賱賶 賱賴 .
賵睾丕丿乇 丕賱丨噩丕夭 廿賱賶 丕賱毓乇丕賯 丨賷孬 夭丕乇 賲丿丕卅賳賴丕 丕賱賴丕賲丞 賲孬賱 丕賱賰賵賮丞 賵丕賱亘氐乇丞 賵亘睾丿丕丿 賵鬲賰乇賷鬲 賵丕賱賲賵氐賱 賵禺乇噩 廿賱賶 丕賱丨噩丕夭 賲乇丞 孬丕賳賷丞 賵兀丿賶 賮乇賷囟丞 丕丕賱丨噩 賱賱賲乇丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 .賵噩丕賵乇 亘賲賰丞 賱賷丨噩 賲乇丞 孬丕賱孬丞 賵乇丕亘毓丞 .. 孬賲 禺乇噩 賲賳 賲賰丞 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賷賲賳貙 賵賲賳 噩丿丞 兀亘丨乇 賮賷 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 賲丕乇丕 亘卮賵丕胤卅 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 賵夭丕乇 丕賱賷賲賳 孬賲 丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 賱夭賷丕乇丞 亘賱丿丕賳 卮乇賯 廿賮乇賷賯賷丕貙 賮夭丕乇 丕賱氐賵賲丕賱 賵賰賷賳賷丕 賵 鬲賳夭丕賳賷丕貙 賵毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞貙 賮夭丕乇 馗賮丕乇 賮賷 丕賱噩賳賵亘 丕賱賷賲賳賷貙 賵賲丿賳 毓賲丕賳貙 賵賲賳 爻賱胤賳丞 毓賲丕賳 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 廿賷乇丕賳貙 孬賲 毓亘乇 丕賱禺賱賷噩 賵夭丕乇 丕賱亘丨乇賷賳 賵丕賱賯胤賷賮貙 賵丕賱丨爻丕貙 賵丕賱賷賲丕賲丞 亘丕賱賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞貙 賵鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賲賰丞 賱賱丨噩 賲乇丞 禺丕賲爻丞 .
孬賲 乇賰亘 丕賱亘丨乇 賲賳 噩丿丞 廿賱賶 毓賷匕丕亘 賲鬲賵噩賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲貙 賮夭丕乇 睾夭丞 賵丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賵亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賵丕賱乇賲賱丞貙 賵毓賰丕貙 賵胤乇丕亘賱爻 賵 噩亘賱丞 賵丕賱賱丕匕賯賷丞 孬賲 賷賲賲 卮胤乇 丌爻賷丕 丕賱氐睾乇賶 賵夭丕乇 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞 亘賱 胤丕賮 賲毓馗賲 兀賳丨丕卅賴丕貙 夭賵丕乇 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱賯乇賲 ( 噩賳賵亘賷 乇賵爻賷丕 )貙 賰賲丕 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱爻乇丕 毓丕氐賲丞 賲賱賰 賲丨賲丿 兀賵夭亘賰 毓賱賶 賳賴乇 丕賱賮賵賱睾丕貙 賵夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 亘賱睾丕乇 賵 丨丕賵賱 夭賷丕乇丞 兀乇囟 丕賱馗賱賲丞 ( 賲賳丕胤賯 賲賳 氐丨乇丕亍 爻賷亘賷乇賷丕 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿丞 ) 賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 鬲鬲賷爻乇 賱賴 丕賱馗乇賵賮 賱匕賱賰 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 亘賱睾丕乇 貙 孬賲 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱丨丕噩 鬲乇禺丕賳貙 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 噩亘丕賱 丕賱賯賵賯丕夭貙 賵 賲賳賴丕 賷賲賲 卮胤乇 丌爻賷丕 丕賱賵爻胤賶貙 賮夭丕乇 禺賵丕乇夭賲貙 亘禺丕乇賶貙 爻賲乇賯賳丿貙 賳爻賮 , 鬲乇賲匕貙 賵 賲賳 鬲乇賲匕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 夭賷丕乇丞 賲丿賳 禺乇丕爻丕賳 . 賮夭丕乇 亘賱禺貙 賴乇丕丞貙 丕賱噩丕賲貙 胤賵爻貙 爻乇禺爻貙 賳賷爻丕亘賵乇貙 賵 亘爻胤丕賲貙 孬賲 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賰丕亘賱 賵睾夭賳丞貙 孬賲 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賴賳丿 丨賷孬 兀賯丕賲 亘賴丕 鬲爻毓丞 爻賳賷賳 .
兀乇爻賱賴 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 爻賮賷乇丕 毓賳賴 賱鬲亘賱賷睾 乇爻丕賱丞 廿賱賶 賲賱賰 丕賱氐賷賳貙 賮夭丕乇 賮賷 胤乇賷賯賴 賲賳 丿賱賴賷 毓丕氐賲丞 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賴賳丿 夭丕乇 賰賱丕 賲賳 賰丕賷賵乇貙 孬賲 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丿賵賱丞 丌亘丕丿貙 賵賲丿賳 爻丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇 賲孬賱 賴賳賵乇 賵兀亘賵 爻乇賵乇貙 賵賮丕賰賳賵乇貙 賵賲賳噩乇賵乇貙 賵噩賵乇賮鬲賳貙 賵丿賴 賮鬲賳貙 賵亘丿賮鬲賳貙 賯丕賱賯賵胤貙 孬賲 兀亘丨乇 廿賱賶 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘丞 丕賱賲賴賱 ( 噩夭乇 丕賱賲丕賱丿賷賮 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 賵 兀賯丕賲 賮賷賴丕 賵 鬲夭賵噩 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 噩夭賷乇丞 爻乇賳丿賷亘 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 夭丕乇 爻賵丕丨賱 丕賱賲毓亘乇 亘丕賱賴賳丿貙 賵 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 爻賵丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬丕賳賷丞 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘丞 丕賱賲賴賱 賵賲賳賴丕 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 亘賳噩丕賱丞 ( 亘賳噩賱丕丿卮 ) 賵噩亘丕賱 賰丕賲乇賵貙 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱亘乇賴賳賰丕乇 ( 亘賵乇賲丕 丨丕賱賷丕 孬賲 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱噩丕賵丞 ( 兀賳丿賵賳賷爻賷丕 丨丕賱賷丕 )貙 孬賲 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 賲賱 噩丕賵丞 ( 賲丕賱賷夭賷丕 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 丕賱氐賷賳 賮夭丕乇 賮賷 噩賳賵亘賴丕 賲丿賳 丕賱夭賷鬲賵賳 賵氐賷賳 賰賱丕賳貙 賵賯賳噩賳賮賵 賵丕賱禺賳爻丕 賵賲賳賴丕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱禺胤丕 ( 卮賲丕賱 丕賱氐賷賳 ) 賮賵氐賱 丕賱毓丕氐賲丞 禺丕賳賯 亘丕賱賯 ( 亘賰賷賳 )貙 賱賰賳賴 賱賲 賷爻鬲胤毓 廿賷氐丕賱 乇爻丕賱丞 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 賮毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 爻賵賲胤乇丞貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賰賵賱賲 亘爻丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賯丕賱賯賵胤 . 賱賷賯乇乇 丕賱毓賵丿丞 廿賱锟斤拷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賲睾乇亘 .
賮爻丕賮乇 廿賱賶 馗賮丕乇貙 孬賲 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 賲爻賯胤 賵丕賱賯乇賷丕鬲 賮賷 爻賱胤賳丞 毓賲丕賳貙 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賴乇賲夭 亘廿賷乇丕賳貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱亘氐乇丞 賵丕賱賰賵賮丞 賮丕賱丨賱丞貙 孬賲 亘睾丿丕丿貙 賵丕賱兀賳亘丕乇 賯丕氐丿丕 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲 賲丕乇丕 亘賴賷鬲貙 賵丕賱丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵毓丕賳丞貙 賵丕賱乇丨亘丞貙 賵丕賱爻禺賳丞貙 賵鬲丿賲乇貙 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丿賲卮賯 亘毓丿 毓卮乇賷賳 爻賳丞 賰丕賲賱丞 賵賲賳 丿賲卮賯 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 丨賲氐 賮丨賲丕丞貙 賮賲毓乇丞 丕賱賳毓賲丕賳貙 賮丨賱亘貙 孬賲 毓丕丿 孬丕賳賷丞 廿賱賶 丨賲氐 賮丿賲卮賯 孬賲 夭丕乇 毓噩賱賵賳 ( 丕賱兀乇丿賳 )貙 賮亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賮丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賮睾夭丞貙 賵賲賳 睾夭丞 爻丕賮乇 亘丕賱亘乇 廿賱賶 丿賲賷丕胤貙 孬賲 賮丕乇爻賰賵乇貙 賮爻賲賳賵丿貙 賮兀亘賷 氐賷乇貙 賮丕賱賲丨賱丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶貙 賵廿亘賷丕乇貙 賵丿賲賳賴賵乇貙 賵賵氐賱 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 . 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 賵 丕噩鬲丕夭 賲丿賳 丕賱氐毓賷丿 丨鬲賶 賵氐賱 毓賷匕丕亘貙 賮丕噩鬲丕夭 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 丨鬲賶 賵氐賱 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 噩丿丞貙 賵匕賴亘 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賲賰丞 丕賱賲賰乇賲丞 賮丨噩 賱賱賲乇丞 丕賱爻丕丿爻丞 賵丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 . 賵賲賳 賲賰丞 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱乇爻賵賱 氐賱賶 丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賴 賵 爻賱賲 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 睾丕丿乇 廿賱賶 鬲亘賵賰貙 賮亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賮丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賮睾夭丞貙 賵賲賳 睾夭丞 丕噩鬲丕夭 爻賷賳丕亍 賵 氐丨乇丕亍 賲氐乇 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 .
賵 賲賳 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 夭丕乇 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 賵睾丕丿乇賴丕 亘丨乇丕 賵賵氐賱 噩乇亘丞 賵 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賯丕亘爻 賮氐賮丕賯爻 賮亘賱賷丕賳丞貙 孬賲 爻丕賮乇 亘乇丕 廿賱賶 鬲賵賳爻 賵兀亘丨乇 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 噩夭賷乇丞 爻乇丿賷賳賷丕 賵賲賳賴丕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 鬲賳爻 賮賲丕夭賵賳丞貙 賮賲爻鬲睾丕賳賲貙 賮賵賴乇丕賳貙 賮鬲賱賲爻丕賳貙 賮鬲丕夭賷 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賮丕爻 .
賵 賲賳 賮丕爻 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 胤賳噩丞 賲爻賯胤 乇兀爻賴 賵 賲賴丕 廿賱賶 爻亘鬲丞貙 孬賲 毓亘乇 亘丨乇 丕賱毓丿賵丞貙 賵夭丕乇 噩亘賱 丕賱賮鬲丨 ( 噩亘賱 胤丕乇賯 ) 賵乇賳丿丞貙 賵賲乇亘賱丞貙 賵爻賴賷賱貙 賵賲丕賱賯丞貙 賵亘賱卮貙 孬賲 睾乇賳丕胤丞 賵丕乇鬲丨賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻 毓丕卅丿丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賲睾乇亘 賮賵氐賱 爻亘鬲丞貙 賮爻賱丕貙 賮賲丿賷賳丞 賲乇丕賰卮貙 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賮丕爻貙 孬賲 丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 賱夭賷丕乇丞 亘賱丕丿 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 ( 賲丕賱賷貙 丕賱賳賷噩乇 賵丕賱鬲卮丕丿 賵 賲賵乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賱賷爻鬲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 賳毓乇賮賴丕 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 賮丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳 賮丕爻 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 爻賱噩丕爻賲丞貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 鬲睾丕夭賷 ( 賮賷 噩賲賵賴乇賷丞 賲丕賱賷 )貙 孬賲 廿賷賵丕賱丕鬲賳 ( 賮賷 賲賵乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 )貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賲丕賱賷 丕賱鬲賷 兀賯丕賲 亘賴丕 丨賵丕賷 爻賳丞 賰丕賲賱丞貙 孬賲 睾丕丿乇賴丕 賯丕氐丿丕 賲賷賲丞貙 賮鬲賳亘鬲賰賵貙 賮賰賵賰賵貙 賵賲賳 賰賵賰賵 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賰丿丕 ( 賮賷 丕賱賳賷噩乇 )貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賯亘賷賱丞 亘乇丿丕賲丞 丕賱亘乇亘乇賷丞貙 賵丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 爻噩賱賲丕爻丞貙 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賴賰丕乇 ( 賵賴賲 賲賳 丕賱亘乇亘乇 兀賷 丕賱胤賵丕乇賯 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 爻噩賱賲丕爻丞貙 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 賮丕爻 賵丕爻鬲賯乇 亘賴丕 賳賴丕卅賷丕 .
乇丨賱丞 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿丕 .. 鬲卮毓乇 亘丕賱鬲毓亘 賲賳 噩乇丕亍 賯乇丕亍丞 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱鬲賷 夭丕乇賴丕 賮賲丕 亘丕賱賰 亘丕賱乇丨賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賵毓賱賶 馗賴乇 丕賱兀丨氐賳丞 賵丕賱噩賲丕賱 賵丕賱亘睾丕賱 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賳丕胤賯 賵 丕賱賮賷賱丞 賮賷 賲賳丕胤賯 兀禺乇賶 賵毓賱賶 丕賱賯丿賲賷賳 .. 賵乇賰賵亘 丕賱亘丨乇 賱賲丿丞 鬲賮賵賯 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 兀卮賴乇 .
卮禺氐賷鬲賴 :
賰丕賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 卮禺氐丕 賲賱賵賱丕 .. 卮睾賵賮丕 亘丕賱鬲乇丨丕賱 賵 丕賱鬲噩賵丕賱 .. 賲丨亘丕 賱賲毓乇賮丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱兀禺乇賶 貙 丿賯賷賯 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丞貙 亘丕乇毓 丕賱賵氐賮貙 匕賰賷丕貙 賵匕賵 匕丕賰乇丞 丨丕丿丞 賯賵賷丞 .賰丕賳 賯丕囟賷丕 賲丕賱賰賷丕 氐賵賮賷丕 .. 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 噩毓賱賴 賷毓賲賱 賯丕囟賷丕 毓賳丿 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 賵 賰匕賱賰 賮賷 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘賴 丕賱賲賴賱 .
賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 毓丕賲丞 :
- 丕賴鬲賲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 禺賱丕賱 乇丨賱鬲賴 賴匕賴 亘鬲鬲亘毓 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵兀禺亘丕乇賴賲 賵丕賱賯囟丕丞 賵丕賱賮賯賴丕亍貙 賵賱賲 賷賴鬲賲 賰孬賷乇丕 亘丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵 丕賱毓賱賵賲
- 賵氐賮 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵胤乇賯賴賲 賵賲賵丕賰亘賴賲 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱爻賱丕賲 毓賱賷賴賲 賵毓胤丕亍丕鬲賴賲 賱賱丌禺乇賷賳 賵丨乇賵亘賴賲 賵氐賮丕 噩賲賷賱丕 .
- 賰丕賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賲賵賮賵乇 丕賱丨馗 賰孬賷乇賴 貙 賮賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 賴匕賴 賳噩丕 賲賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀禺胤丕乇 .. 賮賲賳 賯胤丕毓 丕賱胤乇賯 廿賱賶 丕賱毓賵丕氐賮 賮賷
丕賱亘丨乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賮鬲賳 賵丕賱丨乇賵亘 .
- 賱賯賷 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕 賰亘賷乇丕 亘爻亘亘 賰賵賳賴 賯丕囟賷丕 賮賯賷賴丕 賮賷 兀賲賵乇 丕賱丿賷賳
- 賰丕賳 賲爻乇賮丕 賵賴匕丕 丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴 賴賵 .. 賮賴賵 丿丕卅賲丕 賲丕 亘匕賱 丕賱毓胤丕賷丕 賵丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 亘丕爻乇丕賮 卮丿賷丿 .
- 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賱乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賷賱丕丨馗 兀賲乇賷賳 賮賷 睾丕賷丞 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞
兀賵賱丕 : 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺丿賲 毓丕亘乇 丕賱爻亘賷賱貙 賮鬲胤毓賲賴 賵 鬲爻賯賷賴 賵鬲賵賮乇 賱賴 賲賰丕賳丕 賱賱賳賵賲 丕賱乇丕丨丞 賵賴匕丕 丿賵賳 兀噩乇 亘賱 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賱賴 . 賰賲丕 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 賮禺乇 賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕 賮鬲乇丕賴賲 賷鬲賳丕賮爻賵賳 賮賷賲丕 亘賷賳賴賲 毓賱賶 亘匕賱 丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱賵賮賷乇 賲賳 兀噩賱 乇丕丨丞 毓亘賷乇 丕賱爻亘賷賱 賵 丕賱賲爻丕賮乇 .
孬丕賳賷丕 : 丕賱兀賵賯丕賮 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丕賱毓賲賵丿 丕賱賮賯乇賷 丕賱匕賷 鬲乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵鬲乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 貙 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱兀賵賯丕賮 賲氐丿乇 乇夭賯 賱賱賮賯乇丕亍 賵丕賱賲爻丕賰賷賳 .
賲睾丕賱胤丕鬲 :
毓乇賮鬲 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賳賯丿 賵 丕賱鬲賮賳賷丿 賵賴匕丕 賱廿鬲賷丕賳賴 亘兀賲賵乇 睾賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷丞 賵丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 睾乇丕卅亘 賱丕 賷爻鬲氐賷睾賴丕 丕賱毓賯賱貙 賰賲丕
賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賲睾丕賱丕丞 丕賱氐賵賮賷丞 丕賱卮丿賷丿丞 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 賱賴丕 兀孬乇 卮丿賷丿 賵賵丕囟丨 禺賱丕賱 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞貙 賰賲丕 兀賳 丕賱賳爻禺 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賱賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 兀丿禺賱 兀賲賵乇丕 賰孬賷乇丞 賵丨匕賮 兀禺乇賶 貙 賵 賳爻亘 兀賲賵乇丕 廿賱賶 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲 賷賯賱賴丕 賵 賱賲 賷賮毓賱賴丕 . 賵 賴匕丕 賲丕 匕賰乇賴 丕亘賳 噩夭賷 ( 賵 賴賵 賲賳 賰鬲亘 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賳賯賱丕 毓賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 ) :( 賵賳賯賱鬲 賲毓丕賳賷 賰賱丕賲 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 亘兀賱賮丕馗 賲賵賮賷丞 賱賱賲賯丕氐丿 丕賱鬲賷 賯氐丿賴丕貙 賲賵囟丨丞 賱賱賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱鬲賷 丕毓鬲賲丿賴丕)!!!
賵 賳匕賰乇 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲睾丕賱胤丕鬲 :
1- 丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴 賵賴賵 丨丿賷孬 賮丕乇睾 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨 ( 丨爻亘 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 ) 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賴賵 兀賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲 賷爻賲毓 賲賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 賵賱賲 賷噩鬲賲毓 亘賴貙 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賵氐賵賱賴 廿賱賶 丿賲卮賯 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 賲賳 卮賴乇 乇賲囟丕賳 丕賱賲亘丕乇賰 毓丕賲 爻鬲 賵毓卮乇賷賳 賵爻亘毓賲丕卅丞 賴噩乇賷丞貙 賵賰丕賳 爻噩賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 賮賷 賯賱毓丞 丿賲卮賯 兀賵丕卅賱 卮毓亘丕賳 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賲貙 廿賱賶 兀賳 鬲賵賮丕賴 丕賱賱賴 鬲毓丕賱賶 賱賷賱丞 丕賱兀孬賳賷賳 賱毓卮乇賷賳 賲賳 匕賷 丕賱賯毓丿丞 毓丕賲 孬賲丕賳 賵毓卮乇賷賳 賵爻亘毓賲丕卅丞 賴噩乇賷丞!!
2- 匕賰乇賴 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱賯賱賳丿乇賷丞 ( 賵 賴丐賱丕亍 賴賲 賲賳 賷丨賱賯賵賳 乇丐賵爻賴賲 賵 丨賵丕噩亘賴賲 ) 賲購賯乇賾丕賸 賱賴丕 賱丕 賲賳賰乇丕賸 毓賱賷賴丕!
3- 匕賰乇賴 賱賱乇禺 丕賱匕賷 賷丨爻亘賴 丕賱賳丕馗乇 噩亘賱丕
4- 匕賰乇賴 賱賱賳爻丕亍 匕賵丕鬲 丕賱孬丿賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿
5- 匕賰乇賴 賱亘毓囟 丕賱賰乇丕賲丕鬲 丕賱禺丕乇賯丞
6- 丕禺鬲賱丕胤 丕賱兀賲賵乇 毓賱賷賴 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱鬲賵丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱兀爻賲丕亍 .
毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賵賲 :
乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賴賷 丕賱卮丕賮賷 丕賱賰丕賮賷 賱賲毓乇賮丞 兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱兀賲丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 賲賳 丕賱夭賲丕賳貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賾賴丕 鬲乇賵賷 馗賲兀 毓卮丕賯 丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲 亘睾乇賷亘賴丕 賵毓噩賷亘賴丕 賵 賲丨亘賷 丕賱爻賮乇 賰賲丕 賯丕賱 丕賱卮丕賮毓賷 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴
爻丕賮乇 鬲噩丿 毓賵囟丕賸 毓賲賾賳 鬲賮丕乇賯賴 **** 賵丕賳賿氐亘賿 賮廿賳賾 賱匕賷匕賻 丕賱毓賷卮賽 賮賷 丕賱賳賻賾氐亘賽
廿賳賷 乇兀賷鬲 賵賯賵賮 丕賱賲丕亍 賷賮爻丿賴 **** 廿賳 爻丕丨 胤丕亘 賵廿賳 賱賲 賷噩乇 賱賲 賷胤亘
賵丕賱兀購爻丿購 賱賵賱丕 賮乇丕賯 丕賱兀乇囟 賲丕 丕賮鬲乇爻鬲 **** 賵丕賱爻賴賲 賱賵賱丕 賮乇丕賯 丕賱賯賵爻 賱賲 賷氐亘
賵丕賱卮賲爻 賱賵 賵賯賮鬲 賮賷 丕賱賮賱賰 丿丕卅賲丞 **** 賱賲賱賾賴丕 丕賱賳丕爻 賲賳 毓噩賲 賵賲賳 毓乇亘
*
*
賵氐賮 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賱亘毓囟 丕賱賲丿賳 :
丿賲卮賯 :
賵丿賲卮賯 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮囟賱 噩賲賷毓 丕賱亘賱丕丿 丨爻賳丕賸 賵鬲鬲賯丿賻賾賲賴丕 噩賲丕賱丕賸貙 賵賰賱購賾 賵氐賮貙 賵廿賳 胤丕賱貙 賮賴賵 賯丕氐乇 毓賳 賲丨丕爻賳賴丕貙 賵賱丕 兀亘丿毓 賲賲丕 賯丕賱賴 兀亘賵 丕賱丨爻賷賳 亘賳 噩亘賷乇貙 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴 鬲毓丕賱賶貙 賮賷 匕賰乇賴丕 賯丕賱: 賵兀賲丕 丿賲卮賯貙 賮賴賷 噩賳賻賾丞購 丕賱賲卮乇賯 賵賲胤賱毓購 賳賵乇賴丕 丕賱賲卮乇賯貙 賵禺丕鬲賲丞 亘賱丕丿 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲賯乇賷賳丕賴丕貙 賵毓乇賵爻購 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱鬲賷 丕噩鬲賱賷賳丕賴丕. 賯丿 鬲丨賱鬲 亘兀夭丕賴賷乇 丕賱乇賷丕丨賷賳. 賵鬲噩賱鬲 賮賷 丨賱賱 爻賳丿爻賷丞 賲賳 丕賱亘爻丕鬲賷賳. 賵丨賱鬲 賲賵囟毓 丕賱丨爻賳 亘丕賱賲賰丕賳 丕賱賲賰賷賳. 賵鬲夭賷賳鬲 賮賷 賲賳氐鬲賴丕 兀噩賲賱 鬲夭賷賷賳. 賵鬲卮乇賮鬲 亘兀賳 兀賵賶 丕賱賲爻賷丨貙 毓賱賷賴 丕賱爻賱丕賲貙 賵兀賲賴 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 乇亘賵丞 匕丕鬲 賯乇丕乇 賲毓賷賳. 馗賱 馗賱賷賱. 賵賲丕亍賹 爻賱爻亘賷賱. 鬲賳爻丕亘 賲匕丕賳亘賴 丕賳爻賷丕亘 丕賱兀乇丕賯賲 亘賰賱 爻亘賷賱. 賵乇賷丕囟 賷丨賷賷 丕賱賳賮賵爻 賳爻賷賲購賴丕 丕賱毓賱賷賱. 鬲鬲亘乇噩購 賱賳丕馗乇賷賴丕 亘賲噩鬲賱賶賸 氐賯賷賱 賵鬲賳丕丿賷賴賲 賴賱賲賾賵丕 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賻賾爻 賱賱丨爻賳 賵賲賯賷賱. 賵賯丿 爻卅賲鬲 兀乇囟賴丕 賰孬乇賻丞賻 丕賱賲丕亍. 丨鬲賶 丕卮鬲丕賯鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱馗賲丕亍. 賮鬲賰丕丿 鬲賳丕丿賷賰 亘賴丕 丕賱氐賲 丕賱氐賱丕亘: 丕乇賰囟 亘乇噩賱賰貙 賴匕丕 賲睾鬲爻賱 亘丕乇丿 賵卮乇丕亘. 賵賯丿 兀丨丿賯鬲 丕賱亘爻丕鬲賷賳 亘賴丕 廿丨丿丕賯 丕賱賴丕賱丞 亘丕賱賯賲乇. 賵丕賱兀賰賲丕賲 亘丕賱孬賲乇.賵丕賲鬲丿鬲 亘卮乇賯賷賴丕 睾賵胤鬲賴丕 丕賱禺囟乇丕亍 丕賲鬲丿丕丿 丕賱亘氐乇. 賵賰賱 賲賵囟毓 賱丨馗鬲 亘噩賴丕鬲賴丕 丕賱兀乇亘毓 賳囟乇鬲賴 丕賱賷丕賳毓丞 賯賷丿 丕賱亘氐乇. 賱賱賴 氐丿賯 丕賱賯丕卅賱賷賳
毓賳賴丕: 廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱噩賳丞 賮賷 丕賱兀乇囟 賮丿賲卮賯 賱丕 卮賰 賮賷賴丕. 賵廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 丕賱爻賲丕亍 賮賴賷 鬲購爻丕賲賷賴丕 賵鬲購丨丕匕賷賴丕.
賯丕賱 丕亘賳 噩購夭賷: 賵賯丿 賳馗賲 亘毓囟 卮毓乇丕卅賴丕 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賮賯丕賱:
廿賳 鬲賻賰購賳賿 噩賻賳賻賾丞購 丕賱禺購賱賵丿賽 亘兀乇囟賺 **** 賮賻丿賽賲卮賿賯購貙 賵賻賱丕 鬲賻賰賵賳購 爻賵丕賴丕
兀賵賿 鬲賻賰購賳賿 賮賷 丕賱爻賻賾賲丕亍 賮賻賴賺賷賻 毓賻賱賷賻賴賿丕 **** 賷賻丿賿 兀亘賻丿賻賾鬲賿 賴賻賵丕亍賴丕 賵賻賴賻賵丕賴
丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 :
孬賲 賵氐賱鬲 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 賲氐乇 賴賷 兀賲 丕賱亘賱丕丿貙 賵賯乇丕乇丞 賮乇毓賵賳 匕賷 丕賱兀賵鬲丕丿貙 匕丕鬲 丕賱兀賯丕賱賷賲 丕賱毓乇賷囟丞貙 賵丕賱亘賱丕丿 丕賱兀乇賷囟丞貙 丕賱賲鬲賳丕賴賷丞 賮賷 賰孬乇丞 丕賱毓賲丕乇丞貙 丕賱賲鬲賳丕賴賷丞 亘丕賱丨爻賳 賵丕賱賳囟丕乇丞貙 賲噩賲毓 丕賱賵丕乇丿 賵丕賱氐丕丿乇貙 賵賲丨胤 乇丨賱 丕賱囟毓賷賮 賵丕賱賯丕丿乇. 賵亘賴丕 賲丕 卮卅鬲 賲賳 毓丕賱賲 賵噩丕賴賱 賵噩丕丿 賵賴丕夭賱貙 賵丨賱賷賲 賵爻賮賷賴貙 賵賵囟賷毓 賵賳亘賷賴貙 賵卮乇賷賮 賵賲卮乇賵賮貙 賵賲賳賰乇 賵賲毓乇賵賮. 鬲賲賵噩 賲賵噩 丕賱亘丨乇 亘爻賰丕賳賴丕貙 賵鬲賰丕丿 鬲囟賷賯 亘賴賲貙 毓賱賶 爻毓丞 賲賰丕賳賴丕 賵廿賲賰丕賳賴丕貙 卮亘丕亘賴丕 賷噩丿 毓賱賶 胤賵賱 丕賱毓賴丿貙 賵賰賵賰亘 鬲毓丿賷賱賴丕 賱丕 賷亘乇丨 賲賳夭賱 丕賱爻毓丿貙 賯賴乇鬲 賯丕賴乇鬲賴丕 丕賱兀賲賲貙 賵鬲賲賱賰鬲 賲賱賵賰賴丕 賳賵丕氐賷 丕賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱毓噩賲貙 賵賱賴丕 禺氐賵氐賷丞 丕賱賳賷賱 丕賱鬲賷 噩賱 禺胤乇賴丕貙 賵兀睾賳丕賴丕 毓賳 兀賳 賷爻鬲賲丿 丕賱賯賻胤乇 賯購胤乇賴丕貙 賵兀乇囟賴丕 賲爻賷乇丞 卮賴乇 賱賲噩丿 丕賱爻賷乇貙 賰乇賷賲丞 丕賱鬲乇亘丞貙 賲丐賳爻丞 賱匕賵賷 丕賱睾乇亘丞.
賯丕賱 丕亘賳 噩夭賷 : 賵賮賷賴丕 賷賯賵賱 丕賱卮丕毓乇 :
賱毓賲乇賰 賲丕 賲氐乇賹 亘賲氐乇賺 賵廿賳賲丕 **** 賴賷 丕賱噩賳丞 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賱賲賳 賷鬲亘氐乇
賮兀賵賱丕丿賴丕 丕賱賵賱丿丕賳 賵丕賱丨賵乇 毓賷賳賴丕 **** 賵乇賵囟鬲賴丕 丕賱賮乇丿賵爻貙 賵丕賱賳賷賱 賰賵孬乇
賵賮賷賴丕 賷賯賵賱 賳丕氐乇 丕賱丿賷賳 亘賳 賳丕賴囟 :
卮丕胤卅 賲氐乇賺 噩賳丞 **** 賲丕 賲孬賱賴丕 賲賳 亘賱丿
賵兀賴賱 賲氐乇 匕賵賵 胤乇亘 賵爻乇賵乇 賵賱賴賵貙 卮丕賴丿鬲 亘賴丕 賲乇丞 賮乇噩丞 亘爻亘亘 亘購乇亍 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賱賳丕氐乇 賲賳 賰爻乇 兀氐丕亘 賷丿賴 賮夭賷賳 賰賱 兀賴賱 爻賵賯 爻賵賯賴賲 賵毓賱賯賵丕 亘丨賵丕賳賷鬲賴賲 丕賱丨賱賱 賵丕賱丨賱賷 賵孬賷丕亘 丕賱丨乇賷乇 賵亘賯賵丕 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 兀賷丕賲丕
賲賰丞 :
賵 賴賷 賲丿賷賳丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賲鬲氐賱丞 丕賱亘賳賷丕賳 賲爻鬲胤賷賱丞貙 賮賷 亘胤賳 賵丕丿 鬲丨賮 亘賴 丕賱噩亘丕賱貙 賮賱丕 賷乇丕賴丕 賯丕氐丿賴丕 丨鬲賶 賷氐賱 廿賱賷賴丕貙 賵 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩亘丕賱 丕賱賲胤賱丞 毓賱賷賴丕 賱賷爻鬲 亘賲賮乇胤丞 丕賱卮賲賵禺貙 賵 丕賱兀禺卮亘丕賳 賲賳 噩亘丕賱賴丕 賴賲丕 噩亘賱 兀亘賷 賯亘賷爻貙 賵 賴賵 賮賷 噩賴丞 丕賱噩賳賵亘 賵 丕賱卮乇賯 賲賳賴丕貙 賵 噩亘賱 賯毓賷賯毓丕賳 .. 賮賰賱 胤乇賮丞 鬲噩賱亘 廿賱賷賴丕 賵 賰賱 孬賲乇丞 鬲噩亘賶 廿賱賷賴丕 .賵 賲賳 毓噩丕卅亘 氐賳毓 丕賱賱賴 兀賳賴 胤亘毓 丕賱賯賱賵亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賳夭賵毓 廿賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿 丕賱賲賳賷賮丞 , 賵 丕賱卮賵賯 廿賱賶 丕賱賲孬賵賱 亘賲毓丕賴丿賴丕 丕賱卮乇賷賮丞貙 賵 噩毓賱 丨亘賴丕 賲鬲賲賰賳丕 賮賷 丕賱賯賱賵亘 貙 賮賱丕 賷丨賱賴丕 兀丨丿 廿賱丕 兀禺匕鬲 亘賲噩丕賲賷毓 賯賱亘賴貙 賵 賱丕鬲 賷賮丕乇賯賴丕 廿賱丕 兀爻賮丕 賱賮乇丕賯賴丕貙 賲鬲賵賱賴丕 賱亘毓丕丿賴 毓賳賴丕貙 卮丿賷丿 丕賱丨賳丕賳 廿賱賷賴丕貙 賳丕賵賷丕 賱鬲賰乇丕乇 丕賱賵賮丕丿丞 毓賱賷賴丕貙 賮兀乇囟賴丕 丕賱賲亘丕乇賰丞 賳氐亘 丕賱兀毓賷賳貙 賵 賲丨亘鬲賴丕 丨卮賵 丕賱賯賱賵亘貙 丨賰賲丞 賲賳 丕賱賱賴 亘丕賱睾丞貙 賵 鬲氐丿賷賯丕 賱丿毓賵丞 禺賱賷賱賴 毓賱賷賴 丕賱爻賱丕賲 .
丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 :
廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 丨乇爻賴丕 丕賱賱賴 賵 賴賷 丕賱孬睾乇 丕賱賲丨乇賵爻 賵 丕賱賯胤乇 丕賱賲兀賳賵爻貙 丕賱毓噩賷亘丞 丕賱卮兀賳 丕賱兀氐賷賱丞 丕賱亘賳賷丕賳貙 亘賴丕 賲丕 卮卅鬲 賲賳 鬲丨爻賷賳 賵 鬲丨氐賷賳貙 賵 賲丌孬乇 丿賳賷丕 賵 丿賷賳貙 賰乇賲鬲 賲睾丕賳賷賴丕貙 賵 賱胤賮鬲 賲毓丕賳賷賴丕貙 賵 噩賲毓鬲 賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱囟禺丕賲丞 賵 丕賱廿丨賰丕賲 賲亘丕賳賷賴丕貙 賮賴賷 丕賱賮乇賷丿丞 賮賷 鬲噩賱賷 爻賳丕賴丕貙 賵 丕賱賮乇賷丿丞 鬲噩賱賶 亘賷賳 丨賱丕賴丕貙 丕賱夭丕賴賷丞 亘噩賲丕賱賴丕 丕賱賲睾乇亘貙 賵 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 賱賲賮鬲乇賯 丕賱賲丨丕爻賳貙 賱鬲賵爻胤賴丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賲卮乇賯 賵 丕賱賲睾乇亘貙 賮賰賱 亘丿賷毓丞 亘賴丕 丕禺鬲賱丕丐賴丕貙 賵 賰賱 胤乇賮丞 廿賱賷賴丕 廿賳鬲賴丕丐賴丕 . 賵 賯丿 賵氐賮賴丕 丕賱賳丕爻 賮兀胤賳亘賵丕貙 賵 氐賳賮賵丕 賮賷 毓噩丕卅亘賴丕 賮兀睾乇亘賵丕 .
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌
鬲賲鬲
丕賱爻賱丕賲 毓賱賷賰賲 賵 乇丨賲丞 丕賱賱賴
賲賯丿賲丞 :
賵 賲賳匕 賵噩丿 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵噩丿 賮賷 賳賮爻賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞 丕賱賲賱賾丨丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲賳賯賱 賵丕賱廿乇鬲丨丕賱貙 賱兀賳賾賴 賲賮胤賵乇 毓賱賶 丨亘 丕賱廿爻鬲胤賱丕毓 賵丕賱鬲卮賵賮 賵丕賱鬲卮賵賯 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賮丞 賰賳賴 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱貙 賵丕賱亘丨孬 賵乇丕亍 丕賱禺賮賷丕鬲貙 賱賱鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 兀爻乇丕乇賴丕貙 賵丕賱廿丨丕胤丞 亘卮兀賳賴丕貙 賵丕賱廿賮丕丿丞 賲賲丕 賷賰鬲爻亘 賲賳 丕賱賲毓乇賮丞 .
賲賳 賴賵 責 :
賲賳 兀卮賴乇 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賳丕 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷 .. 丕賱賰賱 爻賲毓 毓賳賴 賵毓賳 乇丨賱丕鬲賴 賵 鬲噩賵丕賱賴 .. 賱賯亘 亘兀賲賷乇 丕賱乇丨丕賱丞 丕賱賲爻賱賲賷賳
丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 :
賴賵 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 廿亘乇丕賴賷賲 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 廿亘乇丕賴賷賲 亘賳 賷賵爻賮 丕賱賱賵丕鬲賷 ( 賳爻亘丞 廿賱賶 賱賵丕鬲丞 廿丨丿賶 賯亘丕卅賱
丕賱亘乇亘乇 )
賵賱丿 亘胤賳噩丞 賵丿乇爻 丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱卮乇毓賷丞 賮賷賴丕..
乇丨賱鬲賴 :
亘丿兀 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 乇丨賱鬲賴 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賳 乇噩亘 毓丕賲 725 賴噩乇賷 .. 賵丕賳鬲賴鬲 亘賵氐賵賱賴 廿賱賶 賮丕爻 .. 賮賷 兀賵丕禺乇 匕賷 丕賱丨噩丞 毓丕賲
754 賴噩乇賷 ..
( 賲賱丕丨馗丞 :
鬲丨賷丞 丨丕乇丞 廿賱賶 賰賱 賲爻賱賲賷 丕賱賲賳丕胤賯 丕賱鬲賷 爻賷鬲賲 匕賰乇賴丕 賵 丕賱鬲賷 毓亘乇賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱毓噩賷亘丞 .
夭丕乇 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賲毓馗賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 賲毓乇賵賮丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱賵賯鬲 .. 乇丨賱丞 毓亘乇 丕賱賯丕乇丕鬲 丕賱孬賱丕孬 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱夭賲丕賳 賵賴賷 廿賮乇賷賯賷丕 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵 丌爻賷丕 .. 丨賷孬 亘丿兀 乇丨賱鬲賴 賲賳 丕賱賲睾乇亘 丕賱兀賯氐賶 賲乇賵乇丕 亘丕賱噩夭丕卅乇 丕賱鬲賷 丿禺賱賴丕 賲賳 亘賵丕亘丞 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賱賲爻丕賳 孬賲 鬲賵賳爻 孬賲 賱賷亘賷丕 賵夭丕乇 賲氐乇 亘丿亍 賲賳 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞貙 賲乇賵乇丕 亘卮賲丕賱 丕賱丿賱鬲丕 賵賵爻胤賴丕 丨鬲賶 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞貙 賵夭丕乇 氐毓賷丿 賲氐乇 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 賲賳鬲賴賷丕 廿賱賶 賲賷賳丕亍 毓賷匕丕亘貙 賵 毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 賵丕鬲噩賴 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 氐丨乇丕亍 賲氐乇 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞貙 賮爻賷賳丕亍 賵丿禺賱 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賵夭丕乇 兀賴賲 賲丿賳賴丕 賵夭丕乇 亘賷乇賵鬲 賵爻賴賱 丕賱亘賯丕毓 賵胤乇丕亘賱爻 賵噩亘賱 賱亘賳丕賳貙 賵亘毓賱亘賰貙 賵夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丿賲卮賯貙 賵丨賲氐 貙 賵丨賲丕丞 貙 賵賲毓乇丞 丕賱賳毓賲丕賳貙 賵丨賱亘貙 賰賲丕 夭丕乇 丕賱爻丕丨賱 丕賱爻賵乇賷 賵賲丿賳賴 賵丨氐賵賳 丕賱廿爻賲丕毓賷賱賷丞貙 賵賲賳 丿賲卮賯 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱丨噩丕夭 賲丕乇丕 亘丕賱兀乇丿賳 賵兀丿賶 賮乇賷囟丞 丕賱丨噩 丕賱兀賵賱賶 賱賴 .
賵睾丕丿乇 丕賱丨噩丕夭 廿賱賶 丕賱毓乇丕賯 丨賷孬 夭丕乇 賲丿丕卅賳賴丕 丕賱賴丕賲丞 賲孬賱 丕賱賰賵賮丞 賵丕賱亘氐乇丞 賵亘睾丿丕丿 賵鬲賰乇賷鬲 賵丕賱賲賵氐賱 賵禺乇噩 廿賱賶 丕賱丨噩丕夭 賲乇丞 孬丕賳賷丞 賵兀丿賶 賮乇賷囟丞 丕丕賱丨噩 賱賱賲乇丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 .賵噩丕賵乇 亘賲賰丞 賱賷丨噩 賲乇丞 孬丕賱孬丞 賵乇丕亘毓丞 .. 孬賲 禺乇噩 賲賳 賲賰丞 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賷賲賳貙 賵賲賳 噩丿丞 兀亘丨乇 賮賷 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 賲丕乇丕 亘卮賵丕胤卅 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 賵夭丕乇 丕賱賷賲賳 孬賲 丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 賱夭賷丕乇丞 亘賱丿丕賳 卮乇賯 廿賮乇賷賯賷丕貙 賮夭丕乇 丕賱氐賵賲丕賱 賵賰賷賳賷丕 賵 鬲賳夭丕賳賷丕貙 賵毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞貙 賮夭丕乇 馗賮丕乇 賮賷 丕賱噩賳賵亘 丕賱賷賲賳賷貙 賵賲丿賳 毓賲丕賳貙 賵賲賳 爻賱胤賳丞 毓賲丕賳 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 廿賷乇丕賳貙 孬賲 毓亘乇 丕賱禺賱賷噩 賵夭丕乇 丕賱亘丨乇賷賳 賵丕賱賯胤賷賮貙 賵丕賱丨爻丕貙 賵丕賱賷賲丕賲丞 亘丕賱賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞貙 賵鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賲賰丞 賱賱丨噩 賲乇丞 禺丕賲爻丞 .
孬賲 乇賰亘 丕賱亘丨乇 賲賳 噩丿丞 廿賱賶 毓賷匕丕亘 賲鬲賵噩賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲貙 賮夭丕乇 睾夭丞 賵丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賵亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賵丕賱乇賲賱丞貙 賵毓賰丕貙 賵胤乇丕亘賱爻 賵 噩亘賱丞 賵丕賱賱丕匕賯賷丞 孬賲 賷賲賲 卮胤乇 丌爻賷丕 丕賱氐睾乇賶 賵夭丕乇 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱鬲乇賰賷丞 亘賱 胤丕賮 賲毓馗賲 兀賳丨丕卅賴丕貙 夭賵丕乇 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱賯乇賲 ( 噩賳賵亘賷 乇賵爻賷丕 )貙 賰賲丕 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱爻乇丕 毓丕氐賲丞 賲賱賰 賲丨賲丿 兀賵夭亘賰 毓賱賶 賳賴乇 丕賱賮賵賱睾丕貙 賵夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 亘賱睾丕乇 賵 丨丕賵賱 夭賷丕乇丞 兀乇囟 丕賱馗賱賲丞 ( 賲賳丕胤賯 賲賳 氐丨乇丕亍 爻賷亘賷乇賷丕 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿丞 ) 賵 賱賰賳 賱賲 鬲鬲賷爻乇 賱賴 丕賱馗乇賵賮 賱匕賱賰 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 亘賱睾丕乇 貙 孬賲 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱丨丕噩 鬲乇禺丕賳貙 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賯爻胤賳胤賷賳賷丞 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 噩亘丕賱 丕賱賯賵賯丕夭貙 賵 賲賳賴丕 賷賲賲 卮胤乇 丌爻賷丕 丕賱賵爻胤賶貙 賮夭丕乇 禺賵丕乇夭賲貙 亘禺丕乇賶貙 爻賲乇賯賳丿貙 賳爻賮 , 鬲乇賲匕貙 賵 賲賳 鬲乇賲匕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 夭賷丕乇丞 賲丿賳 禺乇丕爻丕賳 . 賮夭丕乇 亘賱禺貙 賴乇丕丞貙 丕賱噩丕賲貙 胤賵爻貙 爻乇禺爻貙 賳賷爻丕亘賵乇貙 賵 亘爻胤丕賲貙 孬賲 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賰丕亘賱 賵睾夭賳丞貙 孬賲 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賴賳丿 丨賷孬 兀賯丕賲 亘賴丕 鬲爻毓丞 爻賳賷賳 .
兀乇爻賱賴 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 爻賮賷乇丕 毓賳賴 賱鬲亘賱賷睾 乇爻丕賱丞 廿賱賶 賲賱賰 丕賱氐賷賳貙 賮夭丕乇 賮賷 胤乇賷賯賴 賲賳 丿賱賴賷 毓丕氐賲丞 賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賴賳丿 夭丕乇 賰賱丕 賲賳 賰丕賷賵乇貙 孬賲 夭丕乇 賲丿賷賳丞 丿賵賱丞 丌亘丕丿貙 賵賲丿賳 爻丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇 賲孬賱 賴賳賵乇 賵兀亘賵 爻乇賵乇貙 賵賮丕賰賳賵乇貙 賵賲賳噩乇賵乇貙 賵噩賵乇賮鬲賳貙 賵丿賴 賮鬲賳貙 賵亘丿賮鬲賳貙 賯丕賱賯賵胤貙 孬賲 兀亘丨乇 廿賱賶 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘丞 丕賱賲賴賱 ( 噩夭乇 丕賱賲丕賱丿賷賮 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 賵 兀賯丕賲 賮賷賴丕 賵 鬲夭賵噩 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 噩夭賷乇丞 爻乇賳丿賷亘 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 夭丕乇 爻賵丕丨賱 丕賱賲毓亘乇 亘丕賱賴賳丿貙 賵 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 爻賵丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬丕賳賷丞 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘丞 丕賱賲賴賱 賵賲賳賴丕 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 亘賳噩丕賱丞 ( 亘賳噩賱丕丿卮 ) 賵噩亘丕賱 賰丕賲乇賵貙 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱亘乇賴賳賰丕乇 ( 亘賵乇賲丕 丨丕賱賷丕 孬賲 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱噩丕賵丞 ( 兀賳丿賵賳賷爻賷丕 丨丕賱賷丕 )貙 孬賲 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 賲賱 噩丕賵丞 ( 賲丕賱賷夭賷丕 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 丕賱氐賷賳 賮夭丕乇 賮賷 噩賳賵亘賴丕 賲丿賳 丕賱夭賷鬲賵賳 賵氐賷賳 賰賱丕賳貙 賵賯賳噩賳賮賵 賵丕賱禺賳爻丕 賵賲賳賴丕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 亘賱丕丿 丕賱禺胤丕 ( 卮賲丕賱 丕賱氐賷賳 ) 賮賵氐賱 丕賱毓丕氐賲丞 禺丕賳賯 亘丕賱賯 ( 亘賰賷賳 )貙 賱賰賳賴 賱賲 賷爻鬲胤毓 廿賷氐丕賱 乇爻丕賱丞 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 賮毓丕丿 兀丿乇丕噩賴 廿賱賶 爻賵賲胤乇丞貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賰賵賱賲 亘爻丕丨賱 丕賱賲賱賷亘丕乇貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賯丕賱賯賵胤 . 賱賷賯乇乇 丕賱毓賵丿丞 廿賱锟斤拷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賲睾乇亘 .
賮爻丕賮乇 廿賱賶 馗賮丕乇貙 孬賲 丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 賲爻賯胤 賵丕賱賯乇賷丕鬲 賮賷 爻賱胤賳丞 毓賲丕賳貙 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賴乇賲夭 亘廿賷乇丕賳貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱亘氐乇丞 賵丕賱賰賵賮丞 賮丕賱丨賱丞貙 孬賲 亘睾丿丕丿貙 賵丕賱兀賳亘丕乇 賯丕氐丿丕 亘賱丕丿 丕賱卮丕賲 賲丕乇丕 亘賴賷鬲貙 賵丕賱丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵毓丕賳丞貙 賵丕賱乇丨亘丞貙 賵丕賱爻禺賳丞貙 賵鬲丿賲乇貙 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 丿賲卮賯 亘毓丿 毓卮乇賷賳 爻賳丞 賰丕賲賱丞 賵賲賳 丿賲卮賯 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 丨賲氐 賮丨賲丕丞貙 賮賲毓乇丞 丕賱賳毓賲丕賳貙 賮丨賱亘貙 孬賲 毓丕丿 孬丕賳賷丞 廿賱賶 丨賲氐 賮丿賲卮賯 孬賲 夭丕乇 毓噩賱賵賳 ( 丕賱兀乇丿賳 )貙 賮亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賮丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賮睾夭丞貙 賵賲賳 睾夭丞 爻丕賮乇 亘丕賱亘乇 廿賱賶 丿賲賷丕胤貙 孬賲 賮丕乇爻賰賵乇貙 賮爻賲賳賵丿貙 賮兀亘賷 氐賷乇貙 賮丕賱賲丨賱丞 丕賱賰亘乇賶貙 賵廿亘賷丕乇貙 賵丿賲賳賴賵乇貙 賵賵氐賱 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 . 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 賵 丕噩鬲丕夭 賲丿賳 丕賱氐毓賷丿 丨鬲賶 賵氐賱 毓賷匕丕亘貙 賮丕噩鬲丕夭 丕賱亘丨乇 丕賱兀丨賲乇 丨鬲賶 賵氐賱 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 噩丿丞貙 賵匕賴亘 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賲賰丞 丕賱賲賰乇賲丞 賮丨噩 賱賱賲乇丞 丕賱爻丕丿爻丞 賵丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 . 賵賲賳 賲賰丞 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 丕賱乇爻賵賱 氐賱賶 丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賴 賵 爻賱賲 賮夭丕乇賴丕 孬賲 睾丕丿乇 廿賱賶 鬲亘賵賰貙 賮亘賷鬲 丕賱賲賯丿爻貙 賮丕賱禺賱賷賱貙 賮睾夭丞貙 賵賲賳 睾夭丞 丕噩鬲丕夭 爻賷賳丕亍 賵 氐丨乇丕亍 賲氐乇 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 .
賵 賲賳 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 夭丕乇 丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 賵睾丕丿乇賴丕 亘丨乇丕 賵賵氐賱 噩乇亘丞 賵 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賯丕亘爻 賮氐賮丕賯爻 賮亘賱賷丕賳丞貙 孬賲 爻丕賮乇 亘乇丕 廿賱賶 鬲賵賳爻 賵兀亘丨乇 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 噩夭賷乇丞 爻乇丿賷賳賷丕 賵賲賳賴丕 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 鬲賳爻 賮賲丕夭賵賳丞貙 賮賲爻鬲睾丕賳賲貙 賮賵賴乇丕賳貙 賮鬲賱賲爻丕賳貙 賮鬲丕夭賷 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賮丕爻 .
賵 賲賳 賮丕爻 鬲賵噩賴 廿賱賶 胤賳噩丞 賲爻賯胤 乇兀爻賴 賵 賲賴丕 廿賱賶 爻亘鬲丞貙 孬賲 毓亘乇 亘丨乇 丕賱毓丿賵丞貙 賵夭丕乇 噩亘賱 丕賱賮鬲丨 ( 噩亘賱 胤丕乇賯 ) 賵乇賳丿丞貙 賵賲乇亘賱丞貙 賵爻賴賷賱貙 賵賲丕賱賯丞貙 賵亘賱卮貙 孬賲 睾乇賳丕胤丞 賵丕乇鬲丨賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻 毓丕卅丿丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賲睾乇亘 賮賵氐賱 爻亘鬲丞貙 賮爻賱丕貙 賮賲丿賷賳丞 賲乇丕賰卮貙 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 賮丕爻貙 孬賲 丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳賴丕 賱夭賷丕乇丞 亘賱丕丿 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 ( 賲丕賱賷貙 丕賱賳賷噩乇 賵丕賱鬲卮丕丿 賵 賲賵乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賱賷爻鬲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱爻賵丿丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 賳毓乇賮賴丕 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 賮丕賳胤賱賯 賲賳 賮丕爻 賵賵氐賱 廿賱賶 爻賱噩丕爻賲丞貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 鬲睾丕夭賷 ( 賮賷 噩賲賵賴乇賷丞 賲丕賱賷 )貙 孬賲 廿賷賵丕賱丕鬲賳 ( 賮賷 賲賵乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 )貙 孬賲 賲丿賷賳丞 賲丕賱賷 丕賱鬲賷 兀賯丕賲 亘賴丕 丨賵丕賷 爻賳丞 賰丕賲賱丞貙 孬賲 睾丕丿乇賴丕 賯丕氐丿丕 賲賷賲丞貙 賮鬲賳亘鬲賰賵貙 賮賰賵賰賵貙 賵賲賳 賰賵賰賵 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 鬲賰丿丕 ( 賮賷 丕賱賳賷噩乇 )貙 賵賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 賯亘賷賱丞 亘乇丿丕賲丞 丕賱亘乇亘乇賷丞貙 賵丕鬲噩賴 廿賱賶 爻噩賱賲丕爻丞貙 孬賲 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賴賰丕乇 ( 賵賴賲 賲賳 丕賱亘乇亘乇 兀賷 丕賱胤賵丕乇賯 丨丕賱賷丕 ) 孬賲 毓丕丿 廿賱賶 爻噩賱賲丕爻丞貙 孬賲 乇丨賱 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 賮丕爻 賵丕爻鬲賯乇 亘賴丕 賳賴丕卅賷丕 .
乇丨賱丞 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿丕 .. 鬲卮毓乇 亘丕賱鬲毓亘 賲賳 噩乇丕亍 賯乇丕亍丞 賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱兀賲丕賰賳 丕賱鬲賷 夭丕乇賴丕 賮賲丕 亘丕賱賰 亘丕賱乇丨賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕 賵毓賱賶 馗賴乇 丕賱兀丨氐賳丞 賵丕賱噩賲丕賱 賵丕賱亘睾丕賱 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賳丕胤賯 賵 丕賱賮賷賱丞 賮賷 賲賳丕胤賯 兀禺乇賶 賵毓賱賶 丕賱賯丿賲賷賳 .. 賵乇賰賵亘 丕賱亘丨乇 賱賲丿丞 鬲賮賵賯 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 兀卮賴乇 .
卮禺氐賷鬲賴 :
賰丕賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 卮禺氐丕 賲賱賵賱丕 .. 卮睾賵賮丕 亘丕賱鬲乇丨丕賱 賵 丕賱鬲噩賵丕賱 .. 賲丨亘丕 賱賲毓乇賮丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱兀禺乇賶 貙 丿賯賷賯 丕賱賲賱丕丨馗丞貙 亘丕乇毓 丕賱賵氐賮貙 匕賰賷丕貙 賵匕賵 匕丕賰乇丞 丨丕丿丞 賯賵賷丞 .賰丕賳 賯丕囟賷丕 賲丕賱賰賷丕 氐賵賮賷丕 .. 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 噩毓賱賴 賷毓賲賱 賯丕囟賷丕 毓賳丿 賲賱賰 丕賱賴賳丿 賵 賰匕賱賰 賮賷 噩夭丕卅乇 匕賷亘賴 丕賱賲賴賱 .
賲賱丕丨馗丕鬲 毓丕賲丞 :
- 丕賴鬲賲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 禺賱丕賱 乇丨賱鬲賴 賴匕賴 亘鬲鬲亘毓 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵兀禺亘丕乇賴賲 賵丕賱賯囟丕丞 賵丕賱賮賯賴丕亍貙 賵賱賲 賷賴鬲賲 賰孬賷乇丕 亘丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵 丕賱毓賱賵賲
- 賵氐賮 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵胤乇賯賴賲 賵賲賵丕賰亘賴賲 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱爻賱丕賲 毓賱賷賴賲 賵毓胤丕亍丕鬲賴賲 賱賱丌禺乇賷賳 賵丨乇賵亘賴賲 賵氐賮丕 噩賲賷賱丕 .
- 賰丕賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賲賵賮賵乇 丕賱丨馗 賰孬賷乇賴 貙 賮賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 賴匕賴 賳噩丕 賲賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀禺胤丕乇 .. 賮賲賳 賯胤丕毓 丕賱胤乇賯 廿賱賶 丕賱毓賵丕氐賮 賮賷
丕賱亘丨乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賮鬲賳 賵丕賱丨乇賵亘 .
- 賱賯賷 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕 賰亘賷乇丕 亘爻亘亘 賰賵賳賴 賯丕囟賷丕 賮賯賷賴丕 賮賷 兀賲賵乇 丕賱丿賷賳
- 賰丕賳 賲爻乇賮丕 賵賴匕丕 丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴 賴賵 .. 賮賴賵 丿丕卅賲丕 賲丕 亘匕賱 丕賱毓胤丕賷丕 賵丕賱兀賲賵丕賱 亘丕爻乇丕賮 卮丿賷丿 .
- 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賱乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賷賱丕丨馗 兀賲乇賷賳 賮賷 睾丕賷丞 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞
兀賵賱丕 : 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺丿賲 毓丕亘乇 丕賱爻亘賷賱貙 賮鬲胤毓賲賴 賵 鬲爻賯賷賴 賵鬲賵賮乇 賱賴 賲賰丕賳丕 賱賱賳賵賲 丕賱乇丕丨丞 賵賴匕丕 丿賵賳 兀噩乇 亘賱 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賱賴 . 賰賲丕 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 賮禺乇 賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕 賮鬲乇丕賴賲 賷鬲賳丕賮爻賵賳 賮賷賲丕 亘賷賳賴賲 毓賱賶 亘匕賱 丕賱噩賴丿 丕賱賵賮賷乇 賲賳 兀噩賱 乇丕丨丞 毓亘賷乇 丕賱爻亘賷賱 賵 丕賱賲爻丕賮乇 .
孬丕賳賷丕 : 丕賱兀賵賯丕賮 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丕賱毓賲賵丿 丕賱賮賯乇賷 丕賱匕賷 鬲乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵鬲乇鬲賰夭 毓賱賷賴 丕賱夭賵丕賷丕 貙 賰賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱兀賵賯丕賮 賲氐丿乇 乇夭賯 賱賱賮賯乇丕亍 賵丕賱賲爻丕賰賷賳 .
賲睾丕賱胤丕鬲 :
毓乇賮鬲 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賳賯丿 賵 丕賱鬲賮賳賷丿 賵賴匕丕 賱廿鬲賷丕賳賴 亘兀賲賵乇 睾賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷丞 賵丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 睾乇丕卅亘 賱丕 賷爻鬲氐賷睾賴丕 丕賱毓賯賱貙 賰賲丕
賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賲睾丕賱丕丞 丕賱氐賵賮賷丞 丕賱卮丿賷丿丞 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 賱賴丕 兀孬乇 卮丿賷丿 賵賵丕囟丨 禺賱丕賱 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞貙 賰賲丕 兀賳 丕賱賳爻禺 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賱賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 兀丿禺賱 兀賲賵乇丕 賰孬賷乇丞 賵丨匕賮 兀禺乇賶 貙 賵 賳爻亘 兀賲賵乇丕 廿賱賶 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲 賷賯賱賴丕 賵 賱賲 賷賮毓賱賴丕 . 賵 賴匕丕 賲丕 匕賰乇賴 丕亘賳 噩夭賷 ( 賵 賴賵 賲賳 賰鬲亘 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賳賯賱丕 毓賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 ) :( 賵賳賯賱鬲 賲毓丕賳賷 賰賱丕賲 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 亘兀賱賮丕馗 賲賵賮賷丞 賱賱賲賯丕氐丿 丕賱鬲賷 賯氐丿賴丕貙 賲賵囟丨丞 賱賱賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱鬲賷 丕毓鬲賲丿賴丕)!!!
賵 賳匕賰乇 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲睾丕賱胤丕鬲 :
1- 丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴 賵賴賵 丨丿賷孬 賮丕乇睾 睾賷乇 氐丨賷丨 ( 丨爻亘 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 ) 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賴賵 兀賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲 賷爻賲毓 賲賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 賵賱賲 賷噩鬲賲毓 亘賴貙 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賵氐賵賱賴 廿賱賶 丿賲卮賯 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱鬲丕爻毓 賲賳 卮賴乇 乇賲囟丕賳 丕賱賲亘丕乇賰 毓丕賲 爻鬲 賵毓卮乇賷賳 賵爻亘毓賲丕卅丞 賴噩乇賷丞貙 賵賰丕賳 爻噩賳 丕亘賳 鬲賷賲賷丞 賮賷 賯賱毓丞 丿賲卮賯 兀賵丕卅賱 卮毓亘丕賳 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賲貙 廿賱賶 兀賳 鬲賵賮丕賴 丕賱賱賴 鬲毓丕賱賶 賱賷賱丞 丕賱兀孬賳賷賳 賱毓卮乇賷賳 賲賳 匕賷 丕賱賯毓丿丞 毓丕賲 孬賲丕賳 賵毓卮乇賷賳 賵爻亘毓賲丕卅丞 賴噩乇賷丞!!
2- 匕賰乇賴 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱賯賱賳丿乇賷丞 ( 賵 賴丐賱丕亍 賴賲 賲賳 賷丨賱賯賵賳 乇丐賵爻賴賲 賵 丨賵丕噩亘賴賲 ) 賲購賯乇賾丕賸 賱賴丕 賱丕 賲賳賰乇丕賸 毓賱賷賴丕!
3- 匕賰乇賴 賱賱乇禺 丕賱匕賷 賷丨爻亘賴 丕賱賳丕馗乇 噩亘賱丕
4- 匕賰乇賴 賱賱賳爻丕亍 匕賵丕鬲 丕賱孬丿賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿
5- 匕賰乇賴 賱亘毓囟 丕賱賰乇丕賲丕鬲 丕賱禺丕乇賯丞
6- 丕禺鬲賱丕胤 丕賱兀賲賵乇 毓賱賷賴 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱鬲賵丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱兀爻賲丕亍 .
毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賵賲 :
乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賴賷 丕賱卮丕賮賷 丕賱賰丕賮賷 賱賲毓乇賮丞 兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱兀賲丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇 賲賳 丕賱夭賲丕賳貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賾賴丕 鬲乇賵賷 馗賲兀 毓卮丕賯 丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲 亘睾乇賷亘賴丕 賵毓噩賷亘賴丕 賵 賲丨亘賷 丕賱爻賮乇 賰賲丕 賯丕賱 丕賱卮丕賮毓賷 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴
爻丕賮乇 鬲噩丿 毓賵囟丕賸 毓賲賾賳 鬲賮丕乇賯賴 **** 賵丕賳賿氐亘賿 賮廿賳賾 賱匕賷匕賻 丕賱毓賷卮賽 賮賷 丕賱賳賻賾氐亘賽
廿賳賷 乇兀賷鬲 賵賯賵賮 丕賱賲丕亍 賷賮爻丿賴 **** 廿賳 爻丕丨 胤丕亘 賵廿賳 賱賲 賷噩乇 賱賲 賷胤亘
賵丕賱兀購爻丿購 賱賵賱丕 賮乇丕賯 丕賱兀乇囟 賲丕 丕賮鬲乇爻鬲 **** 賵丕賱爻賴賲 賱賵賱丕 賮乇丕賯 丕賱賯賵爻 賱賲 賷氐亘
賵丕賱卮賲爻 賱賵 賵賯賮鬲 賮賷 丕賱賮賱賰 丿丕卅賲丞 **** 賱賲賱賾賴丕 丕賱賳丕爻 賲賳 毓噩賲 賵賲賳 毓乇亘
*
*
賵氐賮 兀毓噩亘賳賷 賱亘毓囟 丕賱賲丿賳 :
丿賲卮賯 :
賵丿賲卮賯 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮囟賱 噩賲賷毓 丕賱亘賱丕丿 丨爻賳丕賸 賵鬲鬲賯丿賻賾賲賴丕 噩賲丕賱丕賸貙 賵賰賱購賾 賵氐賮貙 賵廿賳 胤丕賱貙 賮賴賵 賯丕氐乇 毓賳 賲丨丕爻賳賴丕貙 賵賱丕 兀亘丿毓 賲賲丕 賯丕賱賴 兀亘賵 丕賱丨爻賷賳 亘賳 噩亘賷乇貙 乇丨賲賴 丕賱賱賴 鬲毓丕賱賶貙 賮賷 匕賰乇賴丕 賯丕賱: 賵兀賲丕 丿賲卮賯貙 賮賴賷 噩賳賻賾丞購 丕賱賲卮乇賯 賵賲胤賱毓購 賳賵乇賴丕 丕賱賲卮乇賯貙 賵禺丕鬲賲丞 亘賱丕丿 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲賯乇賷賳丕賴丕貙 賵毓乇賵爻購 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱鬲賷 丕噩鬲賱賷賳丕賴丕. 賯丿 鬲丨賱鬲 亘兀夭丕賴賷乇 丕賱乇賷丕丨賷賳. 賵鬲噩賱鬲 賮賷 丨賱賱 爻賳丿爻賷丞 賲賳 丕賱亘爻丕鬲賷賳. 賵丨賱鬲 賲賵囟毓 丕賱丨爻賳 亘丕賱賲賰丕賳 丕賱賲賰賷賳. 賵鬲夭賷賳鬲 賮賷 賲賳氐鬲賴丕 兀噩賲賱 鬲夭賷賷賳. 賵鬲卮乇賮鬲 亘兀賳 兀賵賶 丕賱賲爻賷丨貙 毓賱賷賴 丕賱爻賱丕賲貙 賵兀賲賴 賲賳賴丕 廿賱賶 乇亘賵丞 匕丕鬲 賯乇丕乇 賲毓賷賳. 馗賱 馗賱賷賱. 賵賲丕亍賹 爻賱爻亘賷賱. 鬲賳爻丕亘 賲匕丕賳亘賴 丕賳爻賷丕亘 丕賱兀乇丕賯賲 亘賰賱 爻亘賷賱. 賵乇賷丕囟 賷丨賷賷 丕賱賳賮賵爻 賳爻賷賲購賴丕 丕賱毓賱賷賱. 鬲鬲亘乇噩購 賱賳丕馗乇賷賴丕 亘賲噩鬲賱賶賸 氐賯賷賱 賵鬲賳丕丿賷賴賲 賴賱賲賾賵丕 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賻賾爻 賱賱丨爻賳 賵賲賯賷賱. 賵賯丿 爻卅賲鬲 兀乇囟賴丕 賰孬乇賻丞賻 丕賱賲丕亍. 丨鬲賶 丕卮鬲丕賯鬲 廿賱賶 丕賱馗賲丕亍. 賮鬲賰丕丿 鬲賳丕丿賷賰 亘賴丕 丕賱氐賲 丕賱氐賱丕亘: 丕乇賰囟 亘乇噩賱賰貙 賴匕丕 賲睾鬲爻賱 亘丕乇丿 賵卮乇丕亘. 賵賯丿 兀丨丿賯鬲 丕賱亘爻丕鬲賷賳 亘賴丕 廿丨丿丕賯 丕賱賴丕賱丞 亘丕賱賯賲乇. 賵丕賱兀賰賲丕賲 亘丕賱孬賲乇.賵丕賲鬲丿鬲 亘卮乇賯賷賴丕 睾賵胤鬲賴丕 丕賱禺囟乇丕亍 丕賲鬲丿丕丿 丕賱亘氐乇. 賵賰賱 賲賵囟毓 賱丨馗鬲 亘噩賴丕鬲賴丕 丕賱兀乇亘毓 賳囟乇鬲賴 丕賱賷丕賳毓丞 賯賷丿 丕賱亘氐乇. 賱賱賴 氐丿賯 丕賱賯丕卅賱賷賳
毓賳賴丕: 廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱噩賳丞 賮賷 丕賱兀乇囟 賮丿賲卮賯 賱丕 卮賰 賮賷賴丕. 賵廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賮賷 丕賱爻賲丕亍 賮賴賷 鬲購爻丕賲賷賴丕 賵鬲購丨丕匕賷賴丕.
賯丕賱 丕亘賳 噩購夭賷: 賵賯丿 賳馗賲 亘毓囟 卮毓乇丕卅賴丕 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賮賯丕賱:
廿賳 鬲賻賰購賳賿 噩賻賳賻賾丞購 丕賱禺購賱賵丿賽 亘兀乇囟賺 **** 賮賻丿賽賲卮賿賯購貙 賵賻賱丕 鬲賻賰賵賳購 爻賵丕賴丕
兀賵賿 鬲賻賰購賳賿 賮賷 丕賱爻賻賾賲丕亍 賮賻賴賺賷賻 毓賻賱賷賻賴賿丕 **** 賷賻丿賿 兀亘賻丿賻賾鬲賿 賴賻賵丕亍賴丕 賵賻賴賻賵丕賴
丕賱賯丕賴乇丞 :
孬賲 賵氐賱鬲 廿賱賶 賲丿賷賳丞 賲氐乇 賴賷 兀賲 丕賱亘賱丕丿貙 賵賯乇丕乇丞 賮乇毓賵賳 匕賷 丕賱兀賵鬲丕丿貙 匕丕鬲 丕賱兀賯丕賱賷賲 丕賱毓乇賷囟丞貙 賵丕賱亘賱丕丿 丕賱兀乇賷囟丞貙 丕賱賲鬲賳丕賴賷丞 賮賷 賰孬乇丞 丕賱毓賲丕乇丞貙 丕賱賲鬲賳丕賴賷丞 亘丕賱丨爻賳 賵丕賱賳囟丕乇丞貙 賲噩賲毓 丕賱賵丕乇丿 賵丕賱氐丕丿乇貙 賵賲丨胤 乇丨賱 丕賱囟毓賷賮 賵丕賱賯丕丿乇. 賵亘賴丕 賲丕 卮卅鬲 賲賳 毓丕賱賲 賵噩丕賴賱 賵噩丕丿 賵賴丕夭賱貙 賵丨賱賷賲 賵爻賮賷賴貙 賵賵囟賷毓 賵賳亘賷賴貙 賵卮乇賷賮 賵賲卮乇賵賮貙 賵賲賳賰乇 賵賲毓乇賵賮. 鬲賲賵噩 賲賵噩 丕賱亘丨乇 亘爻賰丕賳賴丕貙 賵鬲賰丕丿 鬲囟賷賯 亘賴賲貙 毓賱賶 爻毓丞 賲賰丕賳賴丕 賵廿賲賰丕賳賴丕貙 卮亘丕亘賴丕 賷噩丿 毓賱賶 胤賵賱 丕賱毓賴丿貙 賵賰賵賰亘 鬲毓丿賷賱賴丕 賱丕 賷亘乇丨 賲賳夭賱 丕賱爻毓丿貙 賯賴乇鬲 賯丕賴乇鬲賴丕 丕賱兀賲賲貙 賵鬲賲賱賰鬲 賲賱賵賰賴丕 賳賵丕氐賷 丕賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱毓噩賲貙 賵賱賴丕 禺氐賵氐賷丞 丕賱賳賷賱 丕賱鬲賷 噩賱 禺胤乇賴丕貙 賵兀睾賳丕賴丕 毓賳 兀賳 賷爻鬲賲丿 丕賱賯賻胤乇 賯購胤乇賴丕貙 賵兀乇囟賴丕 賲爻賷乇丞 卮賴乇 賱賲噩丿 丕賱爻賷乇貙 賰乇賷賲丞 丕賱鬲乇亘丞貙 賲丐賳爻丞 賱匕賵賷 丕賱睾乇亘丞.
賯丕賱 丕亘賳 噩夭賷 : 賵賮賷賴丕 賷賯賵賱 丕賱卮丕毓乇 :
賱毓賲乇賰 賲丕 賲氐乇賹 亘賲氐乇賺 賵廿賳賲丕 **** 賴賷 丕賱噩賳丞 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賱賲賳 賷鬲亘氐乇
賮兀賵賱丕丿賴丕 丕賱賵賱丿丕賳 賵丕賱丨賵乇 毓賷賳賴丕 **** 賵乇賵囟鬲賴丕 丕賱賮乇丿賵爻貙 賵丕賱賳賷賱 賰賵孬乇
賵賮賷賴丕 賷賯賵賱 賳丕氐乇 丕賱丿賷賳 亘賳 賳丕賴囟 :
卮丕胤卅 賲氐乇賺 噩賳丞 **** 賲丕 賲孬賱賴丕 賲賳 亘賱丿
賵兀賴賱 賲氐乇 匕賵賵 胤乇亘 賵爻乇賵乇 賵賱賴賵貙 卮丕賴丿鬲 亘賴丕 賲乇丞 賮乇噩丞 亘爻亘亘 亘購乇亍 丕賱賲賱賰 丕賱賳丕氐乇 賲賳 賰爻乇 兀氐丕亘 賷丿賴 賮夭賷賳 賰賱 兀賴賱 爻賵賯 爻賵賯賴賲 賵毓賱賯賵丕 亘丨賵丕賳賷鬲賴賲 丕賱丨賱賱 賵丕賱丨賱賷 賵孬賷丕亘 丕賱丨乇賷乇 賵亘賯賵丕 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 兀賷丕賲丕
賲賰丞 :
賵 賴賷 賲丿賷賳丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賲鬲氐賱丞 丕賱亘賳賷丕賳 賲爻鬲胤賷賱丞貙 賮賷 亘胤賳 賵丕丿 鬲丨賮 亘賴 丕賱噩亘丕賱貙 賮賱丕 賷乇丕賴丕 賯丕氐丿賴丕 丨鬲賶 賷氐賱 廿賱賷賴丕貙 賵 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩亘丕賱 丕賱賲胤賱丞 毓賱賷賴丕 賱賷爻鬲 亘賲賮乇胤丞 丕賱卮賲賵禺貙 賵 丕賱兀禺卮亘丕賳 賲賳 噩亘丕賱賴丕 賴賲丕 噩亘賱 兀亘賷 賯亘賷爻貙 賵 賴賵 賮賷 噩賴丞 丕賱噩賳賵亘 賵 丕賱卮乇賯 賲賳賴丕貙 賵 噩亘賱 賯毓賷賯毓丕賳 .. 賮賰賱 胤乇賮丞 鬲噩賱亘 廿賱賷賴丕 賵 賰賱 孬賲乇丞 鬲噩亘賶 廿賱賷賴丕 .賵 賲賳 毓噩丕卅亘 氐賳毓 丕賱賱賴 兀賳賴 胤亘毓 丕賱賯賱賵亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賳夭賵毓 廿賱賶 賴匕賴 丕賱賲卮丕賴丿 丕賱賲賳賷賮丞 , 賵 丕賱卮賵賯 廿賱賶 丕賱賲孬賵賱 亘賲毓丕賴丿賴丕 丕賱卮乇賷賮丞貙 賵 噩毓賱 丨亘賴丕 賲鬲賲賰賳丕 賮賷 丕賱賯賱賵亘 貙 賮賱丕 賷丨賱賴丕 兀丨丿 廿賱丕 兀禺匕鬲 亘賲噩丕賲賷毓 賯賱亘賴貙 賵 賱丕鬲 賷賮丕乇賯賴丕 廿賱丕 兀爻賮丕 賱賮乇丕賯賴丕貙 賲鬲賵賱賴丕 賱亘毓丕丿賴 毓賳賴丕貙 卮丿賷丿 丕賱丨賳丕賳 廿賱賷賴丕貙 賳丕賵賷丕 賱鬲賰乇丕乇 丕賱賵賮丕丿丞 毓賱賷賴丕貙 賮兀乇囟賴丕 丕賱賲亘丕乇賰丞 賳氐亘 丕賱兀毓賷賳貙 賵 賲丨亘鬲賴丕 丨卮賵 丕賱賯賱賵亘貙 丨賰賲丞 賲賳 丕賱賱賴 亘丕賱睾丞貙 賵 鬲氐丿賷賯丕 賱丿毓賵丞 禺賱賷賱賴 毓賱賷賴 丕賱爻賱丕賲 .
丕賱廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 :
廿爻賰賳丿乇賷丞 丨乇爻賴丕 丕賱賱賴 賵 賴賷 丕賱孬睾乇 丕賱賲丨乇賵爻 賵 丕賱賯胤乇 丕賱賲兀賳賵爻貙 丕賱毓噩賷亘丞 丕賱卮兀賳 丕賱兀氐賷賱丞 丕賱亘賳賷丕賳貙 亘賴丕 賲丕 卮卅鬲 賲賳 鬲丨爻賷賳 賵 鬲丨氐賷賳貙 賵 賲丌孬乇 丿賳賷丕 賵 丿賷賳貙 賰乇賲鬲 賲睾丕賳賷賴丕貙 賵 賱胤賮鬲 賲毓丕賳賷賴丕貙 賵 噩賲毓鬲 賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱囟禺丕賲丞 賵 丕賱廿丨賰丕賲 賲亘丕賳賷賴丕貙 賮賴賷 丕賱賮乇賷丿丞 賮賷 鬲噩賱賷 爻賳丕賴丕貙 賵 丕賱賮乇賷丿丞 鬲噩賱賶 亘賷賳 丨賱丕賴丕貙 丕賱夭丕賴賷丞 亘噩賲丕賱賴丕 丕賱賲睾乇亘貙 賵 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞 賱賲賮鬲乇賯 丕賱賲丨丕爻賳貙 賱鬲賵爻胤賴丕 亘賷賳 丕賱賲卮乇賯 賵 丕賱賲睾乇亘貙 賮賰賱 亘丿賷毓丞 亘賴丕 丕禺鬲賱丕丐賴丕貙 賵 賰賱 胤乇賮丞 廿賱賷賴丕 廿賳鬲賴丕丐賴丕 . 賵 賯丿 賵氐賮賴丕 丕賱賳丕爻 賮兀胤賳亘賵丕貙 賵 氐賳賮賵丕 賮賷 毓噩丕卅亘賴丕 賮兀睾乇亘賵丕 .
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌
鬲賲鬲
丕賱爻賱丕賲 毓賱賷賰賲 賵 乇丨賲丞 丕賱賱賴
November 10, 2015
I have been wanting to read Ibn Battutah ever since I lived in Morocco as a teenager, an experience that consolidated in me the same 鈥榦vermastering impulse and desire long cherished鈥� to travel that he says first made him set off from his Moroccan home. Of course, he saw this through rather more thoroughly than I did. I spent two months InterRailing with a girlfriend, whereas he set off from Tangier in the summer of 1325 and didn't come back again for another twenty-four years.
His full name was Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Ibn Battutah al-Lawati al-Tanji, business cards in those days being an A4-sized affair. (It means Light of Religion, the father of Abdallah, Muhammad Abdallahson Muhammadson Ibrahimson Ibn Battutah (the family name) of the Lawata tribe, from Tangier.) His initial destination was Mecca, to carry out the Hajj 鈥� but after that he just kept on going, travelling around almost the entire Islamic world and beyond.
How did he support himself? was my first question (having spent much of my twenties running out of money in foreign countries). Well, mainly because he was a scholar of fiqh 鈥� Islamic jurisprudence 鈥� and was therefore in considerable demand wherever he went. Some of his stops lasted for months, or years, and he typically found a position in court or as a legal-religious advisor which allowed him to live pretty comfortably. He also seems to have made a habit of marrying endless wives and knocking up slave-girls wherever he went, who keep dying in childbirth or falling overboard or getting abandoned in remote cities 鈥� and the long timescales involved mean we get breezy comments like this:
This particular son, unfortunately, turns out to have died more than a decade ago, perhaps pining for his absent father; but Ibn Battutah must have left a string of children halfway across Africa and the Middle East. One begins to see why he was so interested in the Viagra-like effects of coconut in the Maldives:
Yes, well, you sometimes have to consider how tempting it is for travellers to exaggerate, a phenomenon that's still in evidence today 鈥� getting your pocket picked in Magaluf can quickly escalate, by the time it's rewritten as a status update on Facebook, into something approaching a heroic standoff with ISIS rebels. In any case, the values of the world described here are not our own; indeed they are not even Ibn Battutah's own. Seeing him face up to the different social mores of each new region and community is part of the fun of the Travels, like all good travel books, and for such an experienced traveller he is surprisingly easy to shock. Simple differences like unveiled women or dietary idiosyncrasies leave him spluttering with indignation and astonishment. Still, and despite the quotes I latched on to above, he is not as anecdotal as one might wish and he gives very few personal details of the sort that would allow modern readers to sympathise with him more closely on his journey. As a consequence, readers with the most to gain are probably those who already know the places he's describing and are in a position to compare and contrast 鈥� though sometimes a throwaway reference would leave me momentarily breathless with the weight of subsequent history.
This particular edition, though clocking in at nearly four hundred pages of meaty hardback, represents only a selection of the full Rihlah which in its entirety is three or four times the size (and probably of more interest as a primary source than as an exciting travelogue). It benefits from a wonderful translation, published from 1958 to 1994 by a changing team of scholars, and from the editorship of Arabist Tim Mackintosh-Smith, whose informed notes and introduction turn Ibn Battutah's narrative into what at times is almost an introductory guidebook to the geography and culture of the mediaeval Islamic world. For anyone interested in that, you will hardly go wrong with the indefatigable Ibn Battutah; and for everyone else, well, there is that story about the Uzbek princess with a vagina like a ring to look out for.
His full name was Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Ibn Battutah al-Lawati al-Tanji, business cards in those days being an A4-sized affair. (It means Light of Religion, the father of Abdallah, Muhammad Abdallahson Muhammadson Ibrahimson Ibn Battutah (the family name) of the Lawata tribe, from Tangier.) His initial destination was Mecca, to carry out the Hajj 鈥� but after that he just kept on going, travelling around almost the entire Islamic world and beyond.
How did he support himself? was my first question (having spent much of my twenties running out of money in foreign countries). Well, mainly because he was a scholar of fiqh 鈥� Islamic jurisprudence 鈥� and was therefore in considerable demand wherever he went. Some of his stops lasted for months, or years, and he typically found a position in court or as a legal-religious advisor which allowed him to live pretty comfortably. He also seems to have made a habit of marrying endless wives and knocking up slave-girls wherever he went, who keep dying in childbirth or falling overboard or getting abandoned in remote cities 鈥� and the long timescales involved mean we get breezy comments like this:
I came eventually to the city of Damascus of Syria, from which I had been absent fully twenty years. I had left there a pregnant wife, and while I was in India I learned that she had given birth to a male child鈥�.
This particular son, unfortunately, turns out to have died more than a decade ago, perhaps pining for his absent father; but Ibn Battutah must have left a string of children halfway across Africa and the Middle East. One begins to see why he was so interested in the Viagra-like effects of coconut in the Maldives:
All these products of the coco-palm and the fish which they live on have an amazing and unparalleled effect in sexual intercourse, and the people of these islands perform wonders in this respect. I had there myself four wives, and concubines as well, and I used to visit all of them every day and pass the night with the wife whose turn it was, and this I continued to do the whole year and a half that I was there.
Yes, well, you sometimes have to consider how tempting it is for travellers to exaggerate, a phenomenon that's still in evidence today 鈥� getting your pocket picked in Magaluf can quickly escalate, by the time it's rewritten as a status update on Facebook, into something approaching a heroic standoff with ISIS rebels. In any case, the values of the world described here are not our own; indeed they are not even Ibn Battutah's own. Seeing him face up to the different social mores of each new region and community is part of the fun of the Travels, like all good travel books, and for such an experienced traveller he is surprisingly easy to shock. Simple differences like unveiled women or dietary idiosyncrasies leave him spluttering with indignation and astonishment. Still, and despite the quotes I latched on to above, he is not as anecdotal as one might wish and he gives very few personal details of the sort that would allow modern readers to sympathise with him more closely on his journey. As a consequence, readers with the most to gain are probably those who already know the places he's describing and are in a position to compare and contrast 鈥� though sometimes a throwaway reference would leave me momentarily breathless with the weight of subsequent history.
We travelled next to Kabul. This was in former times a great city, and on its site there is now a village inhabited by a tribe of Persians called al-Afghan.
This particular edition, though clocking in at nearly four hundred pages of meaty hardback, represents only a selection of the full Rihlah which in its entirety is three or four times the size (and probably of more interest as a primary source than as an exciting travelogue). It benefits from a wonderful translation, published from 1958 to 1994 by a changing team of scholars, and from the editorship of Arabist Tim Mackintosh-Smith, whose informed notes and introduction turn Ibn Battutah's narrative into what at times is almost an introductory guidebook to the geography and culture of the mediaeval Islamic world. For anyone interested in that, you will hardly go wrong with the indefatigable Ibn Battutah; and for everyone else, well, there is that story about the Uzbek princess with a vagina like a ring to look out for.
February 17, 2018
丕爻賲賴 : (鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗賾丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇) 賯丿 賷賵丨賷 賱賰 兀賵賱 賵賴賱丞 毓賳丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰賱丕爻賷賰賷 兀賳賳丕 兀賲丕賲 賰鬲丕亘 賲爻噩賵毓 賲賳 兀賵賱賴 賱賱爻胤乇 丕賱兀禺賷乇 賮賷賴 賵賱賰賳 丕賱丨賲丿 賱賱賴 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱噩賲賷賱 賵丕賱乇丨賱丞 丕賱卮賴賷乇丞 賲賰鬲賵亘丞 亘胤乇賷賯丞 丨丿賷孬丞 丿賵賳 鬲賰賱賮 兀賵 爻噩毓 兀賵 廿囟丕賮丕鬲 賳氐賵氐 卮毓乇賷丞 賮賷 睾賷乇 賲賵囟毓賴丕 賰賰鬲亘 丕賱毓賴丿 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶.
賱兀賵乇亘丕 賵丨丿賴丕 丕賱賮囟賱 賮賷 鬲毓乇賷賮賳丕 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賲孬賱賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賱賱兀爻賮 賰賭(兀賱賮 賱賷賱丞 賵賱賷賱丞)貙 賵 (乇亘丕毓賷丕鬲 丕賱禺賷丕賲) 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱鬲賷 賵氐賱鬲賴賲 賳鬲丕噩 丕賱爻乇賯丕鬲 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賲爻鬲卮乇賯賷賳 賵兀孬乇 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賰卮賵賮丕鬲 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賵賮鬲乇丞 丕賱廿丨鬲賱丕賱 鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨賱賵 賱亘毓囟賴賲 鬲爻賲賷鬲賴丕 廿爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賵賲丕賴賷 廿賱丕 廿丨鬲賱丕賱 鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 毓賲鬲 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賵亘賱丿丕賳 丌爻賷丕 賰丕賱賴賳丿. 賮睾丕丿乇賳丕 鬲乇丕孬賳丕 賵賱賲 賳毓賱賲 毓賳賴 卮賷亍 丨鬲賶 亘丿兀 賷鬲賳亘賴 賱賴 賲爻鬲卮乇賯賵 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨丿賷孬貙 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱丿丕乇爻賷賳 賱廿賮乇丕夭丕鬲 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賳賴亘.
賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賵賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賷鬲賵噩賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賳丨賵 賮囟丕亍丕鬲 兀乇丨亘 賵兀賵爻毓 賵賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳賲丕 爻亘賯賴 賵賮賯賸丕 賱賲毓丕賷賷乇 夭賲賳賴 賲孬賱 丕賱氐賷賳 賵丕賱賴賳丿 賵丕賱噩丕賵賴 賵鬲乇賰爻鬲丕賳貙 賵賱賲 賷匕賴亘 賱兀賵乇亘丕 賱賳賮賵乇賴 賲賳賴丕(*1) 賰賲丕 兀卮丕乇 賲賳 賯亘賱 賮賷 孬賳丕賷丕 乇丨賱鬲賴 "鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗賾丕乇..." 毓賱賲賸丕 兀賳賴 賷賵噩丿 賳爻禺丞 賲禺胤賵胤丞 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賮賷 丕賱禺夭賷賳丞 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷丞 (*2) 賯丕賲 丕賱亘丕丨孬 毓亘丿 丕賱賴丕丿賷 丕賱鬲丕夭賷貙 1997賲 亘鬲丨賯賷賯 賳氐賴丕 賵廿禺乇丕噩賴丕 賮賷 (5) 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 (*3) 賲賳 丕賱丨噩賲 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賵賯丿 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 兀賵賮賶 賲賳 丕賱胤亘毓丞 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳丿賵丕賱賴丕 賱爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賮賷 噩夭亍 賵丕丨丿 匕丕鬲 丕賱賭(749) (*4) 氐賮丨丞貙 賵睾賷乇 匕賱賰 賮賯丿 兀乇賮賯 丕賱鬲丕夭賷 賲毓賴丕 賲賯丿賲丞 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿賸丕 兀卮亘賴 亘丿乇丕爻丞 毓賳 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賰丕賳鬲 睾丕賷丞 賮賷 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞.
賲毓丕賱賲 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 :
夭賲賳 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 (丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 丕賱賴噩乇賷).
賱賲 賷賰鬲亘賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘賱 賰鬲亘賴丕 (賲丨賲丿 亘賳 噩夭賷) 亘兀賲乇 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丕賳 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賰丕賳 亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴 賷丐丿賷 丿賵乇 "丕賱丨賰賵丕鬲賷" 賵賲丕 廿賳 兀毓噩亘 亘賴丕 丕賱亘賱丕胤 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷 賵兀丿亘丕亍 匕賱賰 丕賱毓賴丿 丨鬲賶 鬲賲鬲 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 賲賳 廿賲賱丕卅賴 賳賮爻賴.
賯丕賲 賰丕鬲亘 丕賱乇丨賱丞 (賲丨賲丿 亘賳 噩夭賷 丕賱賰賱亘賷 丕賱睾乇賳丕胤賷) 亘鬲賳賯賷丨 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賰賲丕 賷匕賰乇 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賱丕 賳毓賱賲 賲丕賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賳賯賷丨 賵賲丕 賰賲賷丞 賲丕 賳賯丨賴 賵兀夭丕賱賴 賲賳 丕賱賳氐 賴匕丕 丕賱賮賯賷賴 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻賷 丕賱匕賷 毓亘孬 亘丕賱賳氐 賵兀毓鬲賯丿 賲乇丿 匕賱賰 賱禺賱賮賷鬲賴 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞. 賮賴賵 賷賯賵賱 : ((賵賳賯賱鬲 賲毓丕賳賷 賰賱丕賲 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 - 賷賯氐丿 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 - 亘兀賱賮丕馗 賲賵賮賷丞 賱賱賲賯丕氐丿 丕賱鬲賷 賯氐丿賴丕貙 賲賵囟丨丞 賱賱賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱鬲賷 丕毓鬲賲丿賴丕)) (*5)貙 賵賱丕 兀毓賱賲 賲丕賱匕賷 丨匕賮 賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘賲丕 賯丿 夭賷丿 毓賱賷賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱賴 兀賵 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賳爻丕禺 賳丕賴賷賰 賵兀賳 丕賱鬲爻噩賷賱 賵丕賱廿賲賱丕亍 賱賲 賷亘丿兀 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 毓賵丿丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賲賳 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丨賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲賵 賵賰丕賳 丿賵賲賸丕 賲丕 賷匕賰乇賴丕 毓賳 乇睾亘鬲賴 賮賷 賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞 賵賷賯賵賱 ((.... 賵兀匕賰乇賴丕 賮賷 亘賱丕丿賷)) 丿賱丕賱丞 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷爻噩賱 兀孬賳丕亍 鬲噩賵丕賱賴 兀賷 卮賷亍 毓賱賲丕 兀賳 賲丿丞 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賯丕乇亘鬲 兀賵 噩丕賵夭鬲 亘賯賱賷賱 丕賱賭(30) 毓丕賲貙 賵賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 兀賳 賷賱賲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘賲丕 卮丕賴丿賴 賮賷 兀賵賱 爻賳丞 賵賮賷 兀賵賱 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 毓丕賲丞賸..
爻噩賱 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 乇丨賱鬲賴 (亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴) 賵丿賱賷賱 匕賱賰 賯賵賱 賳丕爻禺 乇丨賱鬲賴 (丕賱賰賱亘賷) 廿匕 賷賯賵賱 : (( 丕賳鬲賴賶 賲丕 賱禺氐鬲賴 賲賳 鬲賯賷賷丿 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞)) (*6) 兀賷 兀賳賴 賰丕賳 亘賷賳 賷丿賷賴 丕賱賳爻禺丞 丕賱兀氐賱 賱賰賳 兀氐乇 兀賳 賷毓亘孬 亘賴丕 馗賳賸丕 賲賳 兀賳賴 賷賱禺氐賴丕.
鬲爻噩賷賱丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 匕丕鬲 胤丕亘毓 賲毓乇賮賷 賵賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 賱賲賳 賱賲 賷噩丿賴 賮賷 賲丨賷胤賴 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賵賯丿 禺丕賱賮賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賴噩 乇丨丕賱丞 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 毓卮乇 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿賷 賲孬賱 賮丕乇爻 丕賱卮丿賷丕賯 氐丕丨亘 "丕賱爻丕賯 毓賱賷 丕賱爻丕賯"貙 賵乇賮丕毓丞 賵丕賱胤賴胤丕賵賷 氐丕丨亘 "鬲禺賱賷氐 丕賱廿亘乇賷夭 賮賷 鬲賱禺賷氐 亘丕乇賷夭" (*7) 丕賱賱匕丕賳 毓賲丿丕 賱賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱噩賵丕賳亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賲毓 鬲賯丿賷爻 賵賳賮賵乇 賰賱丕賸 賲賳賴賲丕 丨爻亘 賮賰乇賴 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 丕賱兀賵賱 兀賰孬乇 賳賮賵乇賸丕 賱賲丕 卮丕賴丿貙 賵賳丕賱孬丕賳賷 兀賯賱 賳賰乇丕賳賸丕貙 賵賰匕賱賰 乇丨賱丞 丕賱氐賮丕乇(*8) 貙 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱乇丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀禺鬲賱賮鬲 賮賷 胤丕亘毓賴丕 丕賱鬲爻噩賷賱 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯賷 賱賱賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 毓賳賲丕 爻亘賯 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞.
賲亘丕賱睾丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲孬亘鬲 毓賳丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿丕乇爻賷賳 賰丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 丨噩賲 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 賵賲賳鬲丕噩鬲賴丕 (亘賷囟 丕賱丿噩丕噩 賲孬賱丕賸) 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱鬲氐賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 爻噩賱賴丕 賱賳丕 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴.
鬲毓乇囟 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賳賯丿 氐乇賷丨 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賵丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 賵兀卮賴乇賴賲 毓丕賱賲 毓賱賲 丕賱毓賲乇丕賳 鈥� 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 鈥� 氐丕丨亘 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 丕亘賳 禺賱丿賵賳貙 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賲亘丕賱睾丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲丕 賱丕 賷鬲賯亘賱賴 丕賱毓賯賱 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯 賲賳 賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲.
匕賰乇賴 賱賲賵丕賯毓 卮丕賴丿 亘賴丕 賲賳 丕賱睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲孬亘鬲.
匕賰乇賴 賱賲賵丕賯毓 夭丕乇賴丕 賵噩丿 亘賴丕 賳爻丕亍 賷睾賱亘 毓賱賷賴賳 兀賳賴賳 賲賳 ( 匕賵丕鬲 丕賱孬丿賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿) 貙賵賴匕丕 賲賳 睾乇賷亘 鬲爻噩賷賱丕鬲賴 賵丕賱賱賴 兀毓賱賲.
禺乇賵噩賴 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 毓賳 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賴賵 賮賷 爻乇丿 鬲賮丕氐賷賱賴 賵丿禺賵賱賴 賮賷 賲賵囟賵毓 丌禺乇 乇睾賲 兀賳賴 賷毓賵丿 賱賲賵囟賵毓賴 丕賱爻丕亘賯 賱賰賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賷賰賵賳 賯丿 鬲賵睾賱 賮賷 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 噩丿賷丿丞.
鬲亘賯賶 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賲賳 兀卮賴乇 丕賱乇丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 乇丨丕賱丞 毓乇亘賷 亘賱 賵毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賱兀賳 丨丿賵丿 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賱賲 賷賰鬲賮賷 毓賳丿 丕賱亘丿丕賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 亘賱 鬲噩丕賵夭賴 賱丿賵賱 毓丿丞 賯丿 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 夭丕乇賴丕 賯乇丕亘丞 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 (40) 丿賵賱丞 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賳丕 丕賱賲毓丕氐乇貙 賵賴賷 賰匕賱賰 賲賳 兀胤賵賱 丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲. 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱兀賲乇 賳兀禺匕 賲賳賴丕 賲丕 賷賯丿賲 賱賳丕 賷丿 丕賱毓賵賳 賮賷 丕賱亘丨孬 賵賳賯賮 兀賲丕賲 賲丕 賷禺丕賱賮 丕賱賲賳賴噩賷丞 賵丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 丕賱賲孬亘鬲丞. 賱匕丕 賴匕丕 賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賷賴 亘毓賷賳 丕賱鬲賲丨賷氐 賵賱賷爻 賲噩乇丿 鬲賯賷賷賲 賮賷 賲賵賯毓.
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌賭賭賭
*1 賱賳 鬲鬲賰賱賲 賱睾鬲賷貙 毓亘丿 丕賱賮鬲丕丨 賰賷賱賷胤賵貙 丿丕乇 丕賱胤賱賷毓丞貙 亘賷乇賵鬲貙 胤 1貙 2002賲貙 氐 67.
*2 賲禺胤賵胤 丕賱禺夭丕賳丞 丕賱毓丕賲丞. 丕賱乇亘丕胤貙 乇賯賲 ( 賯111).
*3 毓亘丿 丕賱賴丕丿賷 丕賱鬲丕夭賷貙 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞貙 賳卮乇 兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞 丕賱賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷丞貙 毓丕賲 1417-1997賲.
*4 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 鬲丨賯賷賯 賲丨賲丿 毓亘丿 丕賱賲賳毓賲 丕賱毓乇賷丕賳貙 乇丕噩毓賴 賲氐胤賮賶 丕賱賯氐丕氐貙 丿丕乇 丕丨賷丕亍 丕賱毓賱賵賲貙 亘賷乇賵鬲 貙 胤 1貙 1407賴賭 / 1987賲 貨 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 丿丕乇 氐丕丿乇貙 丿賵鬲 鬲貙 丿賵賳 胤貙 亘賷乇賵鬲.
*5 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 丿丕乇 氐丕丿乇貙 丿賵鬲 鬲貙 丿賵賳 胤貙 亘賷乇賵鬲貙 賲賯丿賲丞 亘賳 噩夭賷 氐 12 鈥� 13.
*6 鬲禺賱賷氐 丕賱廿亘乇賷夭 賮賶 鬲賱禺賷氐 亘丕乇賷夭貙 乇賮丕毓丞 亘丿賵賷 乇丕賮毓 丕賱胤賴胤丕賵賷貙 1958賲貙 賲賰鬲亘丞 賲氐胤賮賶 丕賱亘丕亘賷 丕賱丨賱亘賷貙 賲氐乇. 賳禺氐 亘匕賱賰 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕亘毓 氐 165 鈥� 173.
*7 氐丿賮丞 丕賱賱賯丕亍 賲毓 丕賱噩丿賷丿 (乇丨賱丞 丕賱氐賮丕乇 賱賮乇賳爻丕)貙 鬲丨賯賷賯 爻賵夭丕賳 賲賷賱丕乇貙 鬲乇噩賲丞 賵賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯 禺丕賱丿 丕賱氐睾賷乇貙 賰賱賷丞 丕賱丌丿丕亘 賵丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 丕賱乇亘丕胤貙 1995賲. 氐 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 鈥� 30 .
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌
賯乇丕亍丕鬲 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞
賱兀賵乇亘丕 賵丨丿賴丕 丕賱賮囟賱 賮賷 鬲毓乇賷賮賳丕 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賲孬賱賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賱賱兀爻賮 賰賭(兀賱賮 賱賷賱丞 賵賱賷賱丞)貙 賵 (乇亘丕毓賷丕鬲 丕賱禺賷丕賲) 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 賰鬲亘 丕賱鬲乇丕孬 丕賱鬲賷 賵氐賱鬲賴賲 賳鬲丕噩 丕賱爻乇賯丕鬲 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賲爻鬲卮乇賯賷賳 賵兀孬乇 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱氐賱賷亘賷丞 賵賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賰卮賵賮丕鬲 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賵賮鬲乇丞 丕賱廿丨鬲賱丕賱 鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨賱賵 賱亘毓囟賴賲 鬲爻賲賷鬲賴丕 廿爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賵賲丕賴賷 廿賱丕 廿丨鬲賱丕賱 鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 毓賲鬲 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賵亘賱丿丕賳 丌爻賷丕 賰丕賱賴賳丿. 賮睾丕丿乇賳丕 鬲乇丕孬賳丕 賵賱賲 賳毓賱賲 毓賳賴 卮賷亍 丨鬲賶 亘丿兀 賷鬲賳亘賴 賱賴 賲爻鬲卮乇賯賵 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨丿賷孬貙 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱丿丕乇爻賷賳 賱廿賮乇丕夭丕鬲 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賳賴亘.
賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賵賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賷鬲賵噩賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賳丨賵 賮囟丕亍丕鬲 兀乇丨亘 賵兀賵爻毓 賵賲禺鬲賱賮丞 毓賳賲丕 爻亘賯賴 賵賮賯賸丕 賱賲毓丕賷賷乇 夭賲賳賴 賲孬賱 丕賱氐賷賳 賵丕賱賴賳丿 賵丕賱噩丕賵賴 賵鬲乇賰爻鬲丕賳貙 賵賱賲 賷匕賴亘 賱兀賵乇亘丕 賱賳賮賵乇賴 賲賳賴丕(*1) 賰賲丕 兀卮丕乇 賲賳 賯亘賱 賮賷 孬賳丕賷丕 乇丨賱鬲賴 "鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗賾丕乇..." 毓賱賲賸丕 兀賳賴 賷賵噩丿 賳爻禺丞 賲禺胤賵胤丞 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賮賷 丕賱禺夭賷賳丞 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷丞 (*2) 賯丕賲 丕賱亘丕丨孬 毓亘丿 丕賱賴丕丿賷 丕賱鬲丕夭賷貙 1997賲 亘鬲丨賯賷賯 賳氐賴丕 賵廿禺乇丕噩賴丕 賮賷 (5) 賲噩賱丿丕鬲 (*3) 賲賳 丕賱丨噩賲 丕賱賰亘賷乇 賵賯丿 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 兀賵賮賶 賲賳 丕賱胤亘毓丞 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳丿賵丕賱賴丕 賱爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賮賷 噩夭亍 賵丕丨丿 匕丕鬲 丕賱賭(749) (*4) 氐賮丨丞貙 賵睾賷乇 匕賱賰 賮賯丿 兀乇賮賯 丕賱鬲丕夭賷 賲毓賴丕 賲賯丿賲丞 胤賵賷賱丞 噩丿賸丕 兀卮亘賴 亘丿乇丕爻丞 毓賳 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賰丕賳鬲 睾丕賷丞 賮賷 丕賱兀賴賲賷丞.
賲毓丕賱賲 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 :
夭賲賳 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 (丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 丕賱賴噩乇賷).
賱賲 賷賰鬲亘賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘賱 賰鬲亘賴丕 (賲丨賲丿 亘賳 噩夭賷) 亘兀賲乇 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丕賳 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷 賵賷亘丿賵 兀賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賰丕賳 亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴 賷丐丿賷 丿賵乇 "丕賱丨賰賵丕鬲賷" 賵賲丕 廿賳 兀毓噩亘 亘賴丕 丕賱亘賱丕胤 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷 賵兀丿亘丕亍 匕賱賰 丕賱毓賴丿 丨鬲賶 鬲賲鬲 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 賲賳 廿賲賱丕卅賴 賳賮爻賴.
賯丕賲 賰丕鬲亘 丕賱乇丨賱丞 (賲丨賲丿 亘賳 噩夭賷 丕賱賰賱亘賷 丕賱睾乇賳丕胤賷) 亘鬲賳賯賷丨 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賰賲丕 賷匕賰乇 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賱丕 賳毓賱賲 賲丕賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賳賯賷丨 賵賲丕 賰賲賷丞 賲丕 賳賯丨賴 賵兀夭丕賱賴 賲賳 丕賱賳氐 賴匕丕 丕賱賮賯賷賴 丕賱兀賳丿賱爻賷 丕賱匕賷 毓亘孬 亘丕賱賳氐 賵兀毓鬲賯丿 賲乇丿 匕賱賰 賱禺賱賮賷鬲賴 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞. 賮賴賵 賷賯賵賱 : ((賵賳賯賱鬲 賲毓丕賳賷 賰賱丕賲 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 - 賷賯氐丿 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 - 亘兀賱賮丕馗 賲賵賮賷丞 賱賱賲賯丕氐丿 丕賱鬲賷 賯氐丿賴丕貙 賲賵囟丨丞 賱賱賲毓丕賳賷 丕賱鬲賷 丕毓鬲賲丿賴丕)) (*5)貙 賵賱丕 兀毓賱賲 賲丕賱匕賷 丨匕賮 賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘賲丕 賯丿 夭賷丿 毓賱賷賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱賴 兀賵 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱賳爻丕禺 賳丕賴賷賰 賵兀賳 丕賱鬲爻噩賷賱 賵丕賱廿賲賱丕亍 賱賲 賷亘丿兀 廿賱丕 亘毓丿 爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 毓賵丿丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賲賳 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 丨賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲賵 賵賰丕賳 丿賵賲賸丕 賲丕 賷匕賰乇賴丕 毓賳 乇睾亘鬲賴 賮賷 賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞 賵賷賯賵賱 ((.... 賵兀匕賰乇賴丕 賮賷 亘賱丕丿賷)) 丿賱丕賱丞 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷爻噩賱 兀孬賳丕亍 鬲噩賵丕賱賴 兀賷 卮賷亍 毓賱賲丕 兀賳 賲丿丞 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賯丕乇亘鬲 兀賵 噩丕賵夭鬲 亘賯賱賷賱 丕賱賭(30) 毓丕賲貙 賵賲賳 丕賱氐毓亘 兀賳 賷賱賲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘賲丕 卮丕賴丿賴 賮賷 兀賵賱 爻賳丞 賵賮賷 兀賵賱 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 毓丕賲丞賸..
爻噩賱 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 乇丨賱鬲賴 (亘毓丿 毓賵丿鬲賴) 賵丿賱賷賱 匕賱賰 賯賵賱 賳丕爻禺 乇丨賱鬲賴 (丕賱賰賱亘賷) 廿匕 賷賯賵賱 : (( 丕賳鬲賴賶 賲丕 賱禺氐鬲賴 賲賳 鬲賯賷賷丿 丕賱卮賷禺 兀亘賷 毓亘丿 丕賱賱賴 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞)) (*6) 兀賷 兀賳賴 賰丕賳 亘賷賳 賷丿賷賴 丕賱賳爻禺丞 丕賱兀氐賱 賱賰賳 兀氐乇 兀賳 賷毓亘孬 亘賴丕 馗賳賸丕 賲賳 兀賳賴 賷賱禺氐賴丕.
鬲爻噩賷賱丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 匕丕鬲 胤丕亘毓 賲毓乇賮賷 賵賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 賱賲賳 賱賲 賷噩丿賴 賮賷 賲丨賷胤賴 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷 賵賯丿 禺丕賱賮賴 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賴噩 乇丨丕賱丞 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 毓卮乇 丕賱賲賷賱丕丿賷 賲孬賱 賮丕乇爻 丕賱卮丿賷丕賯 氐丕丨亘 "丕賱爻丕賯 毓賱賷 丕賱爻丕賯"貙 賵乇賮丕毓丞 賵丕賱胤賴胤丕賵賷 氐丕丨亘 "鬲禺賱賷氐 丕賱廿亘乇賷夭 賮賷 鬲賱禺賷氐 亘丕乇賷夭" (*7) 丕賱賱匕丕賳 毓賲丿丕 賱賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 丕賱孬賯丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱噩賵丕賳亘 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賲毓 鬲賯丿賷爻 賵賳賮賵乇 賰賱丕賸 賲賳賴賲丕 丨爻亘 賮賰乇賴 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 丕賱兀賵賱 兀賰孬乇 賳賮賵乇賸丕 賱賲丕 卮丕賴丿貙 賵賳丕賱孬丕賳賷 兀賯賱 賳賰乇丕賳賸丕貙 賵賰匕賱賰 乇丨賱丞 丕賱氐賮丕乇(*8) 貙 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱乇丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀禺鬲賱賮鬲 賮賷 胤丕亘毓賴丕 丕賱鬲爻噩賷賱 丕賱鬲賵孬賷賯賷 賱賱賲賯丕乇賳丕鬲 毓賳賲丕 爻亘賯 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞.
賲亘丕賱睾丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲孬亘鬲 毓賳丿 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿丕乇爻賷賳 賰丨丿賷孬賴 毓賳 丨噩賲 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳丕鬲 賵賲賳鬲丕噩鬲賴丕 (亘賷囟 丕賱丿噩丕噩 賲孬賱丕賸) 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱鬲氐賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 爻噩賱賴丕 賱賳丕 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴.
鬲毓乇囟 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賳賯丿 氐乇賷丨 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 丕賱毓賱賲丕亍 賵丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 賵兀卮賴乇賴賲 毓丕賱賲 毓賱賲 丕賱毓賲乇丕賳 鈥� 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 鈥� 氐丕丨亘 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 丕亘賳 禺賱丿賵賳貙 賵丕賱爻亘亘 賲亘丕賱睾丕鬲 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲丕 賱丕 賷鬲賯亘賱賴 丕賱毓賯賱 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯 賲賳 賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲.
匕賰乇賴 賱賲賵丕賯毓 卮丕賴丿 亘賴丕 賲賳 丕賱睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲孬亘鬲.
匕賰乇賴 賱賲賵丕賯毓 夭丕乇賴丕 賵噩丿 亘賴丕 賳爻丕亍 賷睾賱亘 毓賱賷賴賳 兀賳賴賳 賲賳 ( 匕賵丕鬲 丕賱孬丿賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿) 貙賵賴匕丕 賲賳 睾乇賷亘 鬲爻噩賷賱丕鬲賴 賵丕賱賱賴 兀毓賱賲.
禺乇賵噩賴 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 毓賳 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱匕賷 賴賵 賮賷 爻乇丿 鬲賮丕氐賷賱賴 賵丿禺賵賱賴 賮賷 賲賵囟賵毓 丌禺乇 乇睾賲 兀賳賴 賷毓賵丿 賱賲賵囟賵毓賴 丕賱爻丕亘賯 賱賰賳 丕賱賯丕乇卅 賷賰賵賳 賯丿 鬲賵睾賱 賮賷 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 噩丿賷丿丞.
鬲亘賯賶 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賲賳 兀卮賴乇 丕賱乇丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 乇丨丕賱丞 毓乇亘賷 亘賱 賵毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賱兀賳 丨丿賵丿 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賱賲 賷賰鬲賮賷 毓賳丿 丕賱亘丿丕賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 亘賱 鬲噩丕賵夭賴 賱丿賵賱 毓丿丞 賯丿 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 夭丕乇賴丕 賯乇丕亘丞 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 (40) 丿賵賱丞 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺賳丕 丕賱賲毓丕氐乇貙 賵賴賷 賰匕賱賰 賲賳 兀胤賵賱 丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲. 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱兀賲乇 賳兀禺匕 賲賳賴丕 賲丕 賷賯丿賲 賱賳丕 賷丿 丕賱毓賵賳 賮賷 丕賱亘丨孬 賵賳賯賮 兀賲丕賲 賲丕 賷禺丕賱賮 丕賱賲賳賴噩賷丞 賵丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 丕賱賲孬亘鬲丞. 賱匕丕 賴匕丕 賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賳馗乇 廿賱賷賴 亘毓賷賳 丕賱鬲賲丨賷氐 賵賱賷爻 賲噩乇丿 鬲賯賷賷賲 賮賷 賲賵賯毓.
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌賭賭賭
*1 賱賳 鬲鬲賰賱賲 賱睾鬲賷貙 毓亘丿 丕賱賮鬲丕丨 賰賷賱賷胤賵貙 丿丕乇 丕賱胤賱賷毓丞貙 亘賷乇賵鬲貙 胤 1貙 2002賲貙 氐 67.
*2 賲禺胤賵胤 丕賱禺夭丕賳丞 丕賱毓丕賲丞. 丕賱乇亘丕胤貙 乇賯賲 ( 賯111).
*3 毓亘丿 丕賱賴丕丿賷 丕賱鬲丕夭賷貙 乇丨賱丞 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞貙 賳卮乇 兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞 丕賱賲賲賱賰丞 丕賱賲睾乇亘賷丞貙 毓丕賲 1417-1997賲.
*4 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 鬲丨賯賷賯 賲丨賲丿 毓亘丿 丕賱賲賳毓賲 丕賱毓乇賷丕賳貙 乇丕噩毓賴 賲氐胤賮賶 丕賱賯氐丕氐貙 丿丕乇 丕丨賷丕亍 丕賱毓賱賵賲貙 亘賷乇賵鬲 貙 胤 1貙 1407賴賭 / 1987賲 貨 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 丿丕乇 氐丕丿乇貙 丿賵鬲 鬲貙 丿賵賳 胤貙 亘賷乇賵鬲.
*5 鬲丨賮丞 丕賱賳馗丕乇 賮賷 睾乇丕卅亘 丕賱兀賲氐丕乇 賵毓噩丕卅亘 丕賱兀爻賮丕乇貙 丿丕乇 氐丕丿乇貙 丿賵鬲 鬲貙 丿賵賳 胤貙 亘賷乇賵鬲貙 賲賯丿賲丞 亘賳 噩夭賷 氐 12 鈥� 13.
*6 鬲禺賱賷氐 丕賱廿亘乇賷夭 賮賶 鬲賱禺賷氐 亘丕乇賷夭貙 乇賮丕毓丞 亘丿賵賷 乇丕賮毓 丕賱胤賴胤丕賵賷貙 1958賲貙 賲賰鬲亘丞 賲氐胤賮賶 丕賱亘丕亘賷 丕賱丨賱亘賷貙 賲氐乇. 賳禺氐 亘匕賱賰 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱爻丕亘毓 氐 165 鈥� 173.
*7 氐丿賮丞 丕賱賱賯丕亍 賲毓 丕賱噩丿賷丿 (乇丨賱丞 丕賱氐賮丕乇 賱賮乇賳爻丕)貙 鬲丨賯賷賯 爻賵夭丕賳 賲賷賱丕乇貙 鬲乇噩賲丞 賵賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯 禺丕賱丿 丕賱氐睾賷乇貙 賰賱賷丞 丕賱丌丿丕亘 賵丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 丕賱乇亘丕胤貙 1995賲. 氐 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 鈥� 30 .
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌
賯乇丕亍丕鬲 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱噩丕賲毓丞
April 12, 2020
鬲毓賵丿 兀賴賲賷丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賵賳賴 兀丨丿 兀賴賲 賵兀卮賲賱 賰鬲亘 丕賱乇丨賱丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓乇亘賷 賵丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 賮賷 賵賯鬲 亘丿兀鬲 兀賳賵丕乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 鬲禺亘賵 賲賳 丨賵賱賳丕 賵鬲匕賴亘 丕賱賶 囟賮丞 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 丕賱卮賲丕賱賷丞 丕賷 丕賱賶 丕賵乇賵亘丕 貙 賵氐賮賴 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賯乇賷亘 丕賱賶 丕賱氐丨丞 賳賵毓丕 賲丕 賵賴賵 賵氐賮 賷鬲賳丕爻亘 賲毓 鬲賯丿賲 丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 丌賳匕丕賰 貙 賲賳 丕賱丕卮賷丕亍 丕賱賲賱賮鬲丞 賱賱賳馗乇 賴賵 鬲毓丿丿 丕賱夭賷噩丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 禺賱丕賱 乇丨賱鬲賴 丕賱胤賵賷賱賴 鬲賱賰 貙 賮賴賵 賷賯賵賱 丨賷賳賲丕 賵氐賱 丕賱賶 丕賱賲丕賱丿賷賮 鬲夭賵噩 伽 賳爻丕亍 賵丨賷賳賲丕 匕賴亘 丕賱賶 爻賷賱丕賳 鬲夭賵噩 佶 賵賴賰匕丕 丿賵丕賱賷賰 丨鬲賶 鬲禺賷賱鬲 賲毓賴 丕賳賴 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賯丿 賯丕賲 亘賲賳丕賮爻丞 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷賵禺 賵丕賱丕賲乇丕亍 毓賳丿賳丕 賮賷 丕賱禺賱賷噩 貙賵 丕賳賴 賯丕賲 亘兀爻賮丕乇賴 鬲賱賰 毓賱賶 賲鬲賳 丕丨丿賶 胤丕卅乇丕鬲 亘丕賳 丕賲賷乇賰丕賳 賵丕賱丕 賮賲賳 丕賷賳 噩丕亍鬲 賱賴 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲鬲毓賴 丕賱乇賵丨賷賴 賮賷 丕賱夭賵丕噩 賲毓 賲卮丕賯 丕賱爻賮乇 賯丿賷賲丕
March 6, 2012
Ibn Battutah, a Moroccan Arab traveller of the fourteenth century, made Marco Polo look like a stay-at home; he not only visited China and East Asia as Marco did but also took in India, the Maldives, Indonesia, the Sahara, Mali and Niger, and Arab-occupied Spain. Unlike Marco, he tended to travel first-class 鈥� more often than not as an honoured guest and counsellor to the various rulers, mostly Muslim, he met along the way.
Ibn Battutah had this advantage over Polo 鈥� the world he travelled was a largely Muslim one, and on the few occasions when he went beyond the borders of Dar-ul-Islam, it was to places where Muslim power was recognized, Muslims were treated with respect, and a speaker of Arabic or Farsi could always be found to act as translator. As a specialist in Islamic jurisprudence, Ibn Battutah's abilities were everywhere in demand, and he was often given positions of high authority (as Marco also was, in China). Indeed, he often had trouble detaching himself from the retinues of the various sultans and amirs who befriended him.
He was not, by our standards, a nice man. A sexual hypocrite who condemned the 'debaucheries' of others but himself travelled with sex slaves whom he acquired and dispensed with at will, and who frequently contracted temporary marriages with women he would divorce when it was time to move on, he was also a staunch Islamic conservative who delighted in applying the strictures of religious sanction to others. He boasts of how he humiliated a Jewish doctor before the court of a minor Turkish potentate, calling the man a 'god-damned son of a god-damned father', of trying (without success) to force the women of the Maldives to cover up their bosoms, and observes disapprovingly that when he ordered the hand of a thief in that country to be cut off, 'many of those present fainted.' He also recounts, with some surprise but no evident disapproval, that the punishment meted out to adulterous women among the Arrakanese is that 'the sultan orders all his household attendants to copulate with her, one after another till she dies, in his presence. Then they throw her into the sea.'
In other words, he was a man of his time 鈥� the late Islamic Middle Ages. However, there is nothing of the darkness of mediaeval Europe about his narrative. What impressed this reader most is the sense of a single, world-spanning high civilization 鈥� Islamic civilization 鈥� whose light illumines daily life in places as far apart as Granada and Fua Mulaku and of whom Ibn Battutah himself is one of the finest flowers. Though not ill-read in these matters, I was repeatedly surprised by how 'modern' and civilized were the ways and attitudes of this great, pan-national Islamic culture 鈥� far more so than its European contemporaries, not to mention the 'infidel' cultures the narrator encounters in Asia and Africa.
Of course, not everything was enlightenment and refinement in Ibn Battutah's world. He recounts much cruelty, to animals as well as people and particularly towards women. There is also much superstitious nonsense in his account, and in this regard he shows himself an eagerly credulous witness, especially when it comes to the spurious or fortuitous 'miracles' of various shaikhs (Muslim holy men) he encounters on his journeys. Still, modern travellers are often as credulous as he.
Although certain chapters and specific details of chronology or place are questionable, Ibn Battutah's account of his journeys seems largely accurate, and most of the places he visited can be identified, even though they no longer have the same names. In this he is again superior to Marco Polo, whose adventures contain a large admixture of fantasy.
Tim Mackintosh-Smith's redaction and translation have been widely praised; it is well-informed and very readable. His notes are not copious, but they are informative and add an extra dimension of perspective to the text. Best of all, it lets the original author's intent and personality shine through. This is a brilliant book, one of the prime sources for the history and geography of the mediaeval world, and particularly that great empire of Islam which was even then in decline, but whose greatness was still acknowledged wherever it was known.
Ibn Battutah had this advantage over Polo 鈥� the world he travelled was a largely Muslim one, and on the few occasions when he went beyond the borders of Dar-ul-Islam, it was to places where Muslim power was recognized, Muslims were treated with respect, and a speaker of Arabic or Farsi could always be found to act as translator. As a specialist in Islamic jurisprudence, Ibn Battutah's abilities were everywhere in demand, and he was often given positions of high authority (as Marco also was, in China). Indeed, he often had trouble detaching himself from the retinues of the various sultans and amirs who befriended him.
He was not, by our standards, a nice man. A sexual hypocrite who condemned the 'debaucheries' of others but himself travelled with sex slaves whom he acquired and dispensed with at will, and who frequently contracted temporary marriages with women he would divorce when it was time to move on, he was also a staunch Islamic conservative who delighted in applying the strictures of religious sanction to others. He boasts of how he humiliated a Jewish doctor before the court of a minor Turkish potentate, calling the man a 'god-damned son of a god-damned father', of trying (without success) to force the women of the Maldives to cover up their bosoms, and observes disapprovingly that when he ordered the hand of a thief in that country to be cut off, 'many of those present fainted.' He also recounts, with some surprise but no evident disapproval, that the punishment meted out to adulterous women among the Arrakanese is that 'the sultan orders all his household attendants to copulate with her, one after another till she dies, in his presence. Then they throw her into the sea.'
In other words, he was a man of his time 鈥� the late Islamic Middle Ages. However, there is nothing of the darkness of mediaeval Europe about his narrative. What impressed this reader most is the sense of a single, world-spanning high civilization 鈥� Islamic civilization 鈥� whose light illumines daily life in places as far apart as Granada and Fua Mulaku and of whom Ibn Battutah himself is one of the finest flowers. Though not ill-read in these matters, I was repeatedly surprised by how 'modern' and civilized were the ways and attitudes of this great, pan-national Islamic culture 鈥� far more so than its European contemporaries, not to mention the 'infidel' cultures the narrator encounters in Asia and Africa.
Of course, not everything was enlightenment and refinement in Ibn Battutah's world. He recounts much cruelty, to animals as well as people and particularly towards women. There is also much superstitious nonsense in his account, and in this regard he shows himself an eagerly credulous witness, especially when it comes to the spurious or fortuitous 'miracles' of various shaikhs (Muslim holy men) he encounters on his journeys. Still, modern travellers are often as credulous as he.
Although certain chapters and specific details of chronology or place are questionable, Ibn Battutah's account of his journeys seems largely accurate, and most of the places he visited can be identified, even though they no longer have the same names. In this he is again superior to Marco Polo, whose adventures contain a large admixture of fantasy.
Tim Mackintosh-Smith's redaction and translation have been widely praised; it is well-informed and very readable. His notes are not copious, but they are informative and add an extra dimension of perspective to the text. Best of all, it lets the original author's intent and personality shine through. This is a brilliant book, one of the prime sources for the history and geography of the mediaeval world, and particularly that great empire of Islam which was even then in decline, but whose greatness was still acknowledged wherever it was known.
May 23, 2018
亘賴 賳丕賲 丕賵
銆娯迟佖辟嗀з呝� 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 卮丕賴丿蹖鈥屫池� 鈥屭堐屫� 亘乇 賳賮賵匕 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴賳诏 賵 夭亘丕賳 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻乇鬲丕爻乇 丕賯胤丕乇賽 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 丌賳 毓氐乇銆�
卮賵丕賴丿 丕孬亘丕鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲丨賲丿毓賱蹖 賲賵丨丿 (讴賴 丿乇 丿蹖亘丕趩賴 讴鬲丕亘 丌賲丿賴 丕爻鬲) 丿乇 賲鬲賳 賮乇丕賵丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 鬲毓丿丕丿 丕賳丿讴蹖 丕夭 亘禺卮賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 亘賴 賳賮賵匕 賮乇賴賳诏 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 丕卮禺丕氐 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻乇鬲丕爻乇 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕蹖 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 诏賵丕賴蹖 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 乇丕 丌賵乇丿賴鈥屫з� 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳賴丕 爻賵丕蹖 乇賵丕噩 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 夭亘丕賳 賮丕乇爻蹖鈥屫池� 讴賴 丿丕賲賳賴 丌賳 丕夭 丌爻蹖丕蹖 氐睾蹖乇 鬲丕 丿乇亘丕乇賴丕蹖 賴賳丿 賵 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕蹖 趩蹖賳 賵 賲噩賲毓 丕賱噩夭丕蹖乇 賲丕賱丿蹖賵 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲
鬲賵賳爻
銆娯з嗁傌з� 卮蹖禺 噩賲丕賱鈥屫з勜戂屬� 爻丕賵賴鈥屫й� 倬蹖卮賵丕蹖 诏乇賵賴賽 賲毓乇賵賮 賯乇賳丿乇蹖賴 (賯賱賳丿乇蹖丕賳)貙 讴賴 乇蹖卮 賵 丕亘乇賵丕賳 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫必ж促嗀� 丿乇 丿賽賲蹖丕胤 賵丕賯毓 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲銆�
賲氐乇
銆娯ж� 噩賲賱賴 丿丕賳卮賲賳丿丕賳 賲氐乇 卮賲爻鈥屫з勜屬� 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇 毓賱賵賲 賲毓賯賵賱 爻乇丌賲丿 乇賵夭诏丕乇 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫①呚€�
卮丕賲
銆娯й屬� 賲爻噩丿 爻蹖夭丿賴 倬蹖卮鈥屬嗁呚ж� 丿丕乇丿 賵 賲賯丿賲 亘乇 賴賲賴 倬蹖卮鈥屬嗁呚ж� 卮丕賮毓蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 賴賳诏丕賲 賵乇賵丿 賲鬲 亘賴 丌賳 卮賴乇 賯丕囟蹖 丕賱賯囟丕鬲 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓亘丿丕賱乇丨賲賳 賯夭賵蹖賳蹖 丕蹖賳 毓賳賵丕賳 乇丕 丿丕卮鬲... 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 賲匕讴賵乇 亘毓丿賴丕 賯丕囟蹖 丕賱賯囟丕鬲 賲氐乇 卮丿銆�
毓乇丕賯 毓乇亘
銆娯з呟屫� 亘氐乇賴 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 賲賳 丌賳噩丕 乇賮鬲賲 乇讴賳鈥屫з勜屬� 毓噩賲蹖 鬲賵乇蹖夭蹖 (鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖) 亘賵丿 賵 丕賵 賲乇丕 賲賴賲丕賳 讴乇丿銆�
爻賳丿 賵 賴賳丿
銆娯� 賱丕賴乇蹖 亘丕 卮蹖禺 毓丕亘丿 賵 夭丕賴丿 卮賲爻鈥屫з勜屬� 賲丨賲丿 卮蹖乇丕夭蹖 讴賴 賲乇丿蹖 爻丕賱禺賵乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 讴乇丿賲銆�
銆娯促呚斥€屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 乇卅蹖爻 禺賳蹖丕诏乇丕賳 亘賵丿 亘丕 賲乇丿丕賳 賵 夭賳丕賳 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 賵 乇賯丕氐诏丕賳 讴賴 賴賲賴 丕夭 睾賱丕賲丕賳 倬丕丿卮丕賴鈥屫з嗀� 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 噩卮賳 丿毓賵鬲 卮丿賳丿銆�
銆娰傌ж钝� 讴賵賱賲 賲乇丿蹖 賮丕囟賱 丕夭 丕賴賱 賯夭賵蹖賳 丕爻鬲 賵 亘夭乇诏 賲爻賱賲丕賳丕賳 丌賳噩丕銆�
爻蹖賱丕賳 賵 亘賳诏丕賱
銆娯ж� 讴購賳讴丕乇 賲爻丕賮乇鬲 讴乇丿賲 亘賴 賲賻睾丕乇賴鈥屫й� 乇爻蹖丿蹖賲 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻鬲丕丿 賲丨賲賵丿 賱購乇蹖 賲毓乇賵賮 丕爻鬲銆�
銆娯迟勜坟з� 亘賱丕丿 賲毓亘乇貙 賳丕賲 丕賵 睾蹖丕孬鈥屫з勜屬� 丿丕賲睾丕賳蹖鈥屫池€�
銆娰傌地� 賲賳 丕夭 丌賲丿賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳 夭蹖丕乇鬲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕賵賱蹖丕 亘賵丿 亘賴 賳丕賲 卮蹖禺 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳噩丕 賲爻讴賳 丿丕乇丿銆�
趩蹖賳
銆娯ж€屫з勜屬� 丕乇丿亘蹖賱蹖 賯丕囟蹖 賲爻賱賲丕賳丕賳 卮賴乇 夭蹖鬲賵賳貙 讴賴 賲乇丿蹖 賮丕囟賱 賵 讴乇蹖賲 亘賵丿 亘丕 卮蹖禺鈥屫з勜ж迟勜з� 讴賲丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 氐賱丨丕蹖 乇賵夭诏丕乇 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫辟佖� 亘賴 丿蹖丿丕乇 賲賳 丌賲丿賳丿貙 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 亘夭乇诏丕賳 鬲噩丕乇 丌賳 卮賴乇 诏乇賵賴蹖 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮乇賮鈥屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丕夭 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲賳 賴賳诏丕賲 賵乇賵丿 亘賴 賴賳丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 賵丕賲 诏乇賮鬲賴 亘賵丿賲 亘賴 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 賲賳 丌賲丿... 丕夭 賲卮丕蹖禺 亘夭乇诏 丕蹖賳 卮賴乇 亘乇賴丕賳鈥屫з勜屬� 讴丕夭乇賵賳蹖 乇丕 丿蹖丿賲 讴賴 丿乇 亘蹖乇賵賳 卮賴乇 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥屫й� 丿丕卮鬲 賵 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳 賳匕賵乇丕鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丨賯 卮蹖禺 丕亘賵丕爻丨丕賯 讴丕夭乇賵賳蹖 丿丕卮鬲賳丿 亘賴 丕賵 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж嗀€�
銆娯迟佖辟嗀з呝� 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 卮丕賴丿蹖鈥屫池� 鈥屭堐屫� 亘乇 賳賮賵匕 诏爻鬲乇丿賴鈥屰� 賮乇賴賳诏 賵 夭亘丕賳 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻乇鬲丕爻乇 丕賯胤丕乇賽 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 丌賳 毓氐乇銆�
卮賵丕賴丿 丕孬亘丕鬲 讴賳賳丿賴 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲丨賲丿毓賱蹖 賲賵丨丿 (讴賴 丿乇 丿蹖亘丕趩賴 讴鬲丕亘 丌賲丿賴 丕爻鬲) 丿乇 賲鬲賳 賮乇丕賵丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丕丿丕賲賴 鬲毓丿丕丿 丕賳丿讴蹖 丕夭 亘禺卮賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 亘賴 賳賮賵匕 賮乇賴賳诏 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 丕卮禺丕氐 丕蹖乇丕賳蹖 丿乇 爻乇鬲丕爻乇 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕蹖 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 诏賵丕賴蹖 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 乇丕 丌賵乇丿賴鈥屫з� 賵 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳賴丕 爻賵丕蹖 乇賵丕噩 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 夭亘丕賳 賮丕乇爻蹖鈥屫池� 讴賴 丿丕賲賳賴 丌賳 丕夭 丌爻蹖丕蹖 氐睾蹖乇 鬲丕 丿乇亘丕乇賴丕蹖 賴賳丿 賵 爻乇夭賲蹖賳賴丕蹖 趩蹖賳 賵 賲噩賲毓 丕賱噩夭丕蹖乇 賲丕賱丿蹖賵 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲
鬲賵賳爻
銆娯з嗁傌з� 卮蹖禺 噩賲丕賱鈥屫з勜戂屬� 爻丕賵賴鈥屫й� 倬蹖卮賵丕蹖 诏乇賵賴賽 賲毓乇賵賮 賯乇賳丿乇蹖賴 (賯賱賳丿乇蹖丕賳)貙 讴賴 乇蹖卮 賵 丕亘乇賵丕賳 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫必ж促嗀� 丿乇 丿賽賲蹖丕胤 賵丕賯毓 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲銆�
賲氐乇
銆娯ж� 噩賲賱賴 丿丕賳卮賲賳丿丕賳 賲氐乇 卮賲爻鈥屫з勜屬� 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 丿乇 毓賱賵賲 賲毓賯賵賱 爻乇丌賲丿 乇賵夭诏丕乇 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫①呚€�
卮丕賲
銆娯й屬� 賲爻噩丿 爻蹖夭丿賴 倬蹖卮鈥屬嗁呚ж� 丿丕乇丿 賵 賲賯丿賲 亘乇 賴賲賴 倬蹖卮鈥屬嗁呚ж� 卮丕賮毓蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 賴賳诏丕賲 賵乇賵丿 賲鬲 亘賴 丌賳 卮賴乇 賯丕囟蹖 丕賱賯囟丕鬲 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓亘丿丕賱乇丨賲賳 賯夭賵蹖賳蹖 丕蹖賳 毓賳賵丕賳 乇丕 丿丕卮鬲... 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 賲匕讴賵乇 亘毓丿賴丕 賯丕囟蹖 丕賱賯囟丕鬲 賲氐乇 卮丿銆�
毓乇丕賯 毓乇亘
銆娯з呟屫� 亘氐乇賴 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 賲賳 丌賳噩丕 乇賮鬲賲 乇讴賳鈥屫з勜屬� 毓噩賲蹖 鬲賵乇蹖夭蹖 (鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖) 亘賵丿 賵 丕賵 賲乇丕 賲賴賲丕賳 讴乇丿銆�
爻賳丿 賵 賴賳丿
銆娯� 賱丕賴乇蹖 亘丕 卮蹖禺 毓丕亘丿 賵 夭丕賴丿 卮賲爻鈥屫з勜屬� 賲丨賲丿 卮蹖乇丕夭蹖 讴賴 賲乇丿蹖 爻丕賱禺賵乇丿賴 亘賵丿 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 讴乇丿賲銆�
銆娯促呚斥€屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 乇卅蹖爻 禺賳蹖丕诏乇丕賳 亘賵丿 亘丕 賲乇丿丕賳 賵 夭賳丕賳 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 賵 乇賯丕氐诏丕賳 讴賴 賴賲賴 丕夭 睾賱丕賲丕賳 倬丕丿卮丕賴鈥屫з嗀� 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳 噩卮賳 丿毓賵鬲 卮丿賳丿銆�
銆娰傌ж钝� 讴賵賱賲 賲乇丿蹖 賮丕囟賱 丕夭 丕賴賱 賯夭賵蹖賳 丕爻鬲 賵 亘夭乇诏 賲爻賱賲丕賳丕賳 丌賳噩丕銆�
爻蹖賱丕賳 賵 亘賳诏丕賱
銆娯ж� 讴購賳讴丕乇 賲爻丕賮乇鬲 讴乇丿賲 亘賴 賲賻睾丕乇賴鈥屫й� 乇爻蹖丿蹖賲 讴賴 亘賴 丕爻鬲丕丿 賲丨賲賵丿 賱購乇蹖 賲毓乇賵賮 丕爻鬲銆�
銆娯迟勜坟з� 亘賱丕丿 賲毓亘乇貙 賳丕賲 丕賵 睾蹖丕孬鈥屫з勜屬� 丿丕賲睾丕賳蹖鈥屫池€�
銆娰傌地� 賲賳 丕夭 丌賲丿賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳 夭蹖丕乇鬲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕賵賱蹖丕 亘賵丿 亘賴 賳丕賲 卮蹖禺 噩賱丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳噩丕 賲爻讴賳 丿丕乇丿銆�
趩蹖賳
銆娯ж€屫з勜屬� 丕乇丿亘蹖賱蹖 賯丕囟蹖 賲爻賱賲丕賳丕賳 卮賴乇 夭蹖鬲賵賳貙 讴賴 賲乇丿蹖 賮丕囟賱 賵 讴乇蹖賲 亘賵丿 亘丕 卮蹖禺鈥屫з勜ж迟勜з� 讴賲丕賱鈥屫з勜屬� 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 氐賱丨丕蹖 乇賵夭诏丕乇 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫辟佖� 亘賴 丿蹖丿丕乇 賲賳 丌賲丿賳丿貙 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 亘夭乇诏丕賳 鬲噩丕乇 丌賳 卮賴乇 诏乇賵賴蹖 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮乇賮鈥屫з勜屬� 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丕夭 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲賳 賴賳诏丕賲 賵乇賵丿 亘賴 賴賳丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 賵丕賲 诏乇賮鬲賴 亘賵丿賲 亘賴 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 賲賳 丌賲丿... 丕夭 賲卮丕蹖禺 亘夭乇诏 丕蹖賳 卮賴乇 亘乇賴丕賳鈥屫з勜屬� 讴丕夭乇賵賳蹖 乇丕 丿蹖丿賲 讴賴 丿乇 亘蹖乇賵賳 卮賴乇 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥屫й� 丿丕卮鬲 賵 亘丕夭乇诏丕賳丕賳 賳匕賵乇丕鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丨賯 卮蹖禺 丕亘賵丕爻丨丕賯 讴丕夭乇賵賳蹖 丿丕卮鬲賳丿 亘賴 丕賵 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж嗀€�
September 13, 2019
亘賴 賳丕賲 丕賵
丕賱賮)
丕賵賱蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲丨賲丿毓賱蹖 賲賵丨丿 禺賵丕賳丿賲 诏夭蹖丿賴 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 卮賲爻 鬲亘乇蹖夭 丕蹖卮丕賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮蹖丿 賮丕蹖丿賴 亘賵丿. 亘毓丿 丕夭 丌賳 讴賱蹖丕鬲 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 卮賲爻 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 亘賴 鬲氐丨蹖丨 丕蹖卮丕賳 乇丕 禺乇蹖丿丕乇蹖 讴乇丿賲. 讴鬲丕亘 亘毓丿蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲賵丨丿 禺賵丕賳丿賲 爻乇蹖 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 禺賵丕亘 丌卮賮鬲賴 賳賮鬲 亘賵丿. 趩賴丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 賵賯丕蹖毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 倬蹖乇丕賲賵賳 賳賮鬲 丕夭 丕讴鬲卮丕賮 丌賳 鬲丕 倬爻 讴賵丿鬲丕蹖 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴卮鬲 賲乇丿丕丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 賵 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 丕賴賱 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賲爻鬲賳丿. 禺賱丕氐賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丿賵 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 胤乇賮丿丕乇丕賳 倬乇賵倬丕賯乇氐 丕爻鬲丕丿 卮丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴 丕賲乇賵夭 讴賴 噩賱丿 丕賵賱 讴鬲丕亘 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屰� 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 乇丕 鬲賲丕賲 讴乇丿賲
亘)
爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 丕賱乇丨賱賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 噩賴丕賳诏乇丿 賲乇丕讴卮蹖 賯乇賳 賴賮鬲賲 賴噩乇蹖 賯賲乇蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 卮乇丨 丿蹖丿丕乇賴丕蹖 丕賵 丕夭 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 丌爻蹖丕貙 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 賵 丕乇賵倬丕 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕乇丿. 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 賲賵乇禺丕賳 賲蹖夭丕賳 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 爻賴 亘乇丕亘乇 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 賲丕乇讴賵倬賵賱賵 噩賴丕賳诏乇丿 丕蹖鬲丕賱蹖丕蹖蹖 爻鬲
噩)
蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 卮丕禺氐賴鈥屬囏й� 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮氐蹖丨 賵 丿賱賳卮蹖賳 丿讴鬲乇 賲賵丨丿 丕爻鬲 賵 賴賲蹖賳 丕賲乇 爻亘亘 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 夭蹖亘丕 賵 噩丕賳丿丕乇 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 亘丕 賵囟賵丨 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿乇 倬蹖卮 趩卮賲 賲丕 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 倬丕乇爻蹖 夭亘丕賳 亘丕卮丿. 亘禺卮 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲 賵 鬲毓賱蹖賯丕鬲 讴鬲丕亘 賳蹖夭 丿蹖诏乇 亘禺卮 賲賴賲 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賴乇趩賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲鬲賳 亘賴 賲丕 讴賲讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�
丿)
趩賵賳 爻禺鬲 賲卮鬲丕賯賽 丿蹖丿丕乇賽 丿賲卮賯 亘賵丿賲 賮乇丿丕蹖 丌賳 乇賵夭 亘毓亘賱讴 乇丕 鬲乇讴 诏賮鬲賲 賵 倬賳噩卮賳亘賴 賳賴賲 乇賲囟丕賳 爻丕賱 賴賮鬲氐丿 賵 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 卮卮 亘賴 丿賲卮賯 乇爻蹖丿賲 賵 丿乇 賲丿乇爻賴 賲毓乇賵賮 賲丕賱讴蹖丕賳 賲賵爻賵賲 亘賴 卮賻乇丕亘賽卮蹖賴 賲賳夭賱 讴乇丿賲. 丿賲卮賯 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賵 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇蹖賳賽 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 噩賴丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕丿丕蹖 丨賯 丌賳 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賽 賵氐賮 賵 亘蹖丕賳 亘蹖乇賵賳 丕爻鬲
丕氐賮賴丕賳 讴賴 丕夭 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 毓乇丕賯 毓噩賲 丕爻鬲 卮賴乇蹖 亘夭乇诏 賵 夭蹖亘丕爻鬲. 賵賱蹖 丕讴賳賵賳 賯爻賲鬲賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丕夭 丌賳 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕禺鬲賱丕賮丕鬲蹖 讴賴 亘蹖賳 爻賳蹖丕賳 賵 卮蹖毓蹖丕賳 丌賳 卮賴乇 亘賴 賵賯賵毓 賲蹖鈥屬聚屬堎嗀� 亘賴 賵蹖乇丕賳蹖 丕賮鬲丕丿賴 丕爻鬲 ... 丕賴丕賱蹖 丕氐賮賴丕賳 賲乇丿賲蹖 禺賵卮鈥� 賯蹖丕賮賴鈥屫з嗀� 乇賳诏 趩賴乇賴 丌賳丕賳 爻賮蹖丿 賵 乇賵卮賳 賵 賲鬲賲丕蹖賱 丕爻鬲 亘賴 爻乇禺蹖. 卮噩丕毓鬲 賵 賳鬲乇爻蹖 丕夭 氐賮丕鬲 亘丕乇夭 丌賳賴丕爻鬲. 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖鈥屬囏� 賲乇丿賲丕賳 诏卮丕丿賴鈥屫池€屫з嗀�. 賴賲鈥屭嗀促呟� 賵 鬲賮丕禺乇蹖 讴賴 賲蹖丕賳 丌賳丕賳 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕胤毓丕賲 賵 賲賴賲丕賳鈥屬嗁堌ж槽� 賴爻鬲 賲賳卮丕 丨讴丕蹖鬲賴丕蹖 睾乇蹖亘蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
卮蹖乇丕夭蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲丕賳蹖 禺賵卮鈥屫з嗀з呝嗀� 賵 賱亘丕爻 鬲賲蹖夭 賲蹖鈥屬举堌促嗀�. 丿乇 賲卮乇賯 夭賲蹖賳 賴蹖趩 卮賴乇蹖 丕夭 賱丨丕馗 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖賽 亘丕夭丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕睾鈥屬囏� 賵 丌亘鈥屬囏� 賵 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 賲乇丿賲 亘賴 倬丕蹖賴 丿賲卮賯 賳賲蹖鈥屫必池� 賲诏乇 卮蹖乇丕夭 ... 卮蹖乇丕夭蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲丕賳蹖 丿賱蹖乇 賵 卮噩丕毓鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賴賲賵丕乇賴 賳爻亘鬲 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 胤乇蹖賯 诏乇丿賳讴卮蹖 賵 賳丕賮乇賲丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫迟矩辟嗀�... 卮蹖乇丕夭 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮賴乇賴丕蹖蹖鈥屫池� 讴賴 爻蹖丿 丿乇 丌賳 亘爻 夭蹖丕丿 丕爻鬲
丕賱賮)
丕賵賱蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲丨賲丿毓賱蹖 賲賵丨丿 禺賵丕賳丿賲 诏夭蹖丿賴 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 卮賲爻 鬲亘乇蹖夭 丕蹖卮丕賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賮蹖丿 賮丕蹖丿賴 亘賵丿. 亘毓丿 丕夭 丌賳 讴賱蹖丕鬲 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 卮賲爻 鬲亘乇蹖夭蹖 亘賴 鬲氐丨蹖丨 丕蹖卮丕賳 乇丕 禺乇蹖丿丕乇蹖 讴乇丿賲. 讴鬲丕亘 亘毓丿蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿讴鬲乇 賲賵丨丿 禺賵丕賳丿賲 爻乇蹖 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 禺賵丕亘 丌卮賮鬲賴 賳賮鬲 亘賵丿. 趩賴丕乇 讴鬲丕亘 讴賴 賵賯丕蹖毓 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 倬蹖乇丕賲賵賳 賳賮鬲 丕夭 丕讴鬲卮丕賮 丌賳 鬲丕 倬爻 讴賵丿鬲丕蹖 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴卮鬲 賲乇丿丕丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 賵 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 丕賴賱 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賲爻鬲賳丿. 禺賱丕氐賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丿賵 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 胤乇賮丿丕乇丕賳 倬乇賵倬丕賯乇氐 丕爻鬲丕丿 卮丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴 丕賲乇賵夭 讴賴 噩賱丿 丕賵賱 讴鬲丕亘 賮賵賯鈥屫з勜关ж団€屰� 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 乇丕 鬲賲丕賲 讴乇丿賲
亘)
爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴鬲丕亘 丕賱乇丨賱賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 噩賴丕賳诏乇丿 賲乇丕讴卮蹖 賯乇賳 賴賮鬲賲 賴噩乇蹖 賯賲乇蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 卮乇丨 丿蹖丿丕乇賴丕蹖 丕賵 丕夭 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 丌爻蹖丕貙 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 賵 丕乇賵倬丕 丕禺鬲氐丕氐 丿丕乇丿. 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 賲賵乇禺丕賳 賲蹖夭丕賳 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 爻賴 亘乇丕亘乇 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 賲丕乇讴賵倬賵賱賵 噩賴丕賳诏乇丿 丕蹖鬲丕賱蹖丕蹖蹖 爻鬲
噩)
蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 卮丕禺氐賴鈥屬囏й� 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮氐蹖丨 賵 丿賱賳卮蹖賳 丿讴鬲乇 賲賵丨丿 丕爻鬲 賵 賴賲蹖賳 丕賲乇 爻亘亘 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 夭蹖亘丕 賵 噩丕賳丿丕乇 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 亘丕 賵囟賵丨 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿乇 倬蹖卮 趩卮賲 賲丕 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 倬丕乇爻蹖 夭亘丕賳 亘丕卮丿. 亘禺卮 鬲賵囟蹖丨丕鬲 賵 鬲毓賱蹖賯丕鬲 讴鬲丕亘 賳蹖夭 丿蹖诏乇 亘禺卮 賲賴賲 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賴乇趩賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲鬲賳 亘賴 賲丕 讴賲讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�
丿)
趩賵賳 爻禺鬲 賲卮鬲丕賯賽 丿蹖丿丕乇賽 丿賲卮賯 亘賵丿賲 賮乇丿丕蹖 丌賳 乇賵夭 亘毓亘賱讴 乇丕 鬲乇讴 诏賮鬲賲 賵 倬賳噩卮賳亘賴 賳賴賲 乇賲囟丕賳 爻丕賱 賴賮鬲氐丿 賵 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 卮卮 亘賴 丿賲卮賯 乇爻蹖丿賲 賵 丿乇 賲丿乇爻賴 賲毓乇賵賮 賲丕賱讴蹖丕賳 賲賵爻賵賲 亘賴 卮賻乇丕亘賽卮蹖賴 賲賳夭賱 讴乇丿賲. 丿賲卮賯 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賵 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇蹖賳賽 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 噩賴丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕丿丕蹖 丨賯 丌賳 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賽 賵氐賮 賵 亘蹖丕賳 亘蹖乇賵賳 丕爻鬲
丕氐賮賴丕賳 讴賴 丕夭 卮賴乇賴丕蹖 毓乇丕賯 毓噩賲 丕爻鬲 卮賴乇蹖 亘夭乇诏 賵 夭蹖亘丕爻鬲. 賵賱蹖 丕讴賳賵賳 賯爻賲鬲賽 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丕夭 丌賳 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕禺鬲賱丕賮丕鬲蹖 讴賴 亘蹖賳 爻賳蹖丕賳 賵 卮蹖毓蹖丕賳 丌賳 卮賴乇 亘賴 賵賯賵毓 賲蹖鈥屬聚屬堎嗀� 亘賴 賵蹖乇丕賳蹖 丕賮鬲丕丿賴 丕爻鬲 ... 丕賴丕賱蹖 丕氐賮賴丕賳 賲乇丿賲蹖 禺賵卮鈥� 賯蹖丕賮賴鈥屫з嗀� 乇賳诏 趩賴乇賴 丌賳丕賳 爻賮蹖丿 賵 乇賵卮賳 賵 賲鬲賲丕蹖賱 丕爻鬲 亘賴 爻乇禺蹖. 卮噩丕毓鬲 賵 賳鬲乇爻蹖 丕夭 氐賮丕鬲 亘丕乇夭 丌賳賴丕爻鬲. 丕氐賮賴丕賳蹖鈥屬囏� 賲乇丿賲丕賳 诏卮丕丿賴鈥屫池€屫з嗀�. 賴賲鈥屭嗀促呟� 賵 鬲賮丕禺乇蹖 讴賴 賲蹖丕賳 丌賳丕賳 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕胤毓丕賲 賵 賲賴賲丕賳鈥屬嗁堌ж槽� 賴爻鬲 賲賳卮丕 丨讴丕蹖鬲賴丕蹖 睾乇蹖亘蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲
卮蹖乇丕夭蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲丕賳蹖 禺賵卮鈥屫з嗀з呝嗀� 賵 賱亘丕爻 鬲賲蹖夭 賲蹖鈥屬举堌促嗀�. 丿乇 賲卮乇賯 夭賲蹖賳 賴蹖趩 卮賴乇蹖 丕夭 賱丨丕馗 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖賽 亘丕夭丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕睾鈥屬囏� 賵 丌亘鈥屬囏� 賵 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 賲乇丿賲 亘賴 倬丕蹖賴 丿賲卮賯 賳賲蹖鈥屫必池� 賲诏乇 卮蹖乇丕夭 ... 卮蹖乇丕夭蹖丕賳 賲乇丿賲丕賳蹖 丿賱蹖乇 賵 卮噩丕毓鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賴賲賵丕乇賴 賳爻亘鬲 亘賴 丨讴賵賲鬲 胤乇蹖賯 诏乇丿賳讴卮蹖 賵 賳丕賮乇賲丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫迟矩辟嗀�... 卮蹖乇丕夭 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮賴乇賴丕蹖蹖鈥屫池� 讴賴 爻蹖丿 丿乇 丌賳 亘爻 夭蹖丕丿 丕爻鬲
November 15, 2012
In contrast to the numerous modern travel books which seem to focus on the 'personality' of the writer or trivial observations, this is an epic in every sense of the word. The scale of the journey is immense in distance and time, IB stayed to work as a Qadi (judge)in several places along the way, this means that you really get a deep sense of the politics and the people in each destination. This depth is unlike some of the more superficial accounts of present books which rely on novelty and humour. Although travels is not without humour itself.
I like travelling and read travel books frequently, so it's no surprise that I enjoyed the descriptions of distant lands and strange customs, however, the biggest surprise for me was the journey into the Islamic culture and lifestyle. I think it's the first account I have read from an Islamic perspective, and a Medieval one at that. With this in mind I think this is a perfect book to open the mind about other cultures and other ways of seeing the world. To get the most from this journey it is important to read 'Travels with a Tangerine' and 'Hall of a Thousand Columns' By Mackintosh-Smith.
I hope this reworked classic inspires other translators and archivists to unearth other works from centuries gone. On a final note I am deeply envious of anyone who understands Arabic as they can read the original.
I like travelling and read travel books frequently, so it's no surprise that I enjoyed the descriptions of distant lands and strange customs, however, the biggest surprise for me was the journey into the Islamic culture and lifestyle. I think it's the first account I have read from an Islamic perspective, and a Medieval one at that. With this in mind I think this is a perfect book to open the mind about other cultures and other ways of seeing the world. To get the most from this journey it is important to read 'Travels with a Tangerine' and 'Hall of a Thousand Columns' By Mackintosh-Smith.
I hope this reworked classic inspires other translators and archivists to unearth other works from centuries gone. On a final note I am deeply envious of anyone who understands Arabic as they can read the original.
April 23, 2017
Ibn Battutah travelled from Morocco throughout the Muslim world and beyond as an itinerant jurist in the fourteenth century. His was an absolutely stupendous feat, with his travels ranging from Mali to the Ukraine and Ceylon to China, and all points in between.
His work as a jobbing scholar afforded him access to religious leaders and courts throughout the lands he visited.
I liked the insight to medieval Islam, and the sense that it's adherents regarded themselves as one community, for all that they had local rulers and customs. I got lost a bit in the endless procession of people and audiences with esteemed rulers and I was also taken aback by the casual acceptance of slavery and executions on a whim.
Overall a window into an alien culture. Interesting without being rivetting.
His work as a jobbing scholar afforded him access to religious leaders and courts throughout the lands he visited.
I liked the insight to medieval Islam, and the sense that it's adherents regarded themselves as one community, for all that they had local rulers and customs. I got lost a bit in the endless procession of people and audiences with esteemed rulers and I was also taken aback by the casual acceptance of slavery and executions on a whim.
Overall a window into an alien culture. Interesting without being rivetting.
December 29, 2019
Lovely little gem of a book. I tend not like travel books but this one referred to cities I have been to in places and gives you a historic background to them which is so so interesting. The book is about Ibn Battuta a resident of Tangiers (morocco), which I never knew, who travels across the middle-east and all the way across India all the way to China and back! He wrote this based on his travels from 1325 till 1354. In one instant he talks of the sea divers he meets off the coast of Persia and describes how the divers cut out a tortoise like looking shell in which they make 2 little holes for the nose and then put this across their face and tie a rope across their belly and are able to stay underwater for a whole hour!! WTF!!! On another occasion he traces the tribe of pathans (where I also came from) back to the tribes if Israel. In one occasion he describes one of the rulers of India who built a palace for his father but when one of the traditional elephants was bought in, it took one step into this recently built makeshift palace and the whole place came down killing son, father and all. The reason the steps in these countries were so wide was to ensure that the elephants could go up and down them. Battuta also tells us that the Pacific Ocean was named the calm sea before hence the name it has now pacific (pacify).
On another occasion he comes across a poet who tells him a beautiful poem which I also liked:
Friend for whom 鈥榯is pain to part,
Take thy station in my heart,
Through my eye, its lucid door,
View the structure o鈥檈r and o鈥檈r,
There enthrones thou鈥檒t always see
Every chamber filled with thee.
But when from thee, with pain distrest
I feel the void within my breast,
My vacant eyes do well declare,
Their favourite inmate is not there;
But, when thy charms my spirit fill,
I close my lids to keep thee still.
On another occasion he comes across a poet who tells him a beautiful poem which I also liked:
Friend for whom 鈥榯is pain to part,
Take thy station in my heart,
Through my eye, its lucid door,
View the structure o鈥檈r and o鈥檈r,
There enthrones thou鈥檒t always see
Every chamber filled with thee.
But when from thee, with pain distrest
I feel the void within my breast,
My vacant eyes do well declare,
Their favourite inmate is not there;
But, when thy charms my spirit fill,
I close my lids to keep thee still.
January 15, 2016
兀賳賴賷鬲 丕賱賳爻禺丞 丕賱賲亘爻胤丞 毓賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵 丕賱賱賷 丕氐丿乇鬲賴丕 丕賱賴賷卅丞 丕賱毓丕賲丞 賱賯氐賵乇 丕賱孬賯丕賮丞 亘賲氐乇 貙 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱爻賳丞 丕賱賱賷 賮丕鬲鬲 :) 賰丕賳 丌禺乇 賰鬲丕亘 丕賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳賴 賮賷
2015
賵 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 丕賳賷 丕鬲賮丕噩卅鬲 賲賳 亘爻丕胤丞 爻乇丿 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賵 賲亘丕卮乇鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱丨賰賷 貙 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賷丨賵賷 賰賲 賴丕賷賱 賲賳 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 貙 賵 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓賳 丕賱兀丿賷丕賳 賵 丕賱賮賳賵賳 賵 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 賵 丕賱兀賳卮胤丞 賵 丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 賵 丕賱兀毓乇丕賮 .. 賵 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丕鬲 .. 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻丕鬲 貙 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶
亘賱丕 卮賰 賴賵 賲乇噩毓 毓馗賷賲 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 丕賱賱賷 賲賲賰賳 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賷乇鬲賰賳 丕賱賷賴丕 賮賷 亘丨孬賴 毓賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓氐賵乇
丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 賲丕亘賷賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賰乇丨丕賱丞 賵 賲丕亘賷賳 賲賳 丨賱 賾 毓賱賷賴賲 賲賳 丨賰賾丕賲 賵 丕賲乇丕亍 賰丕賳鬲 毓賱丕賯丞 (賯匕乇丞) 賱賲 鬲毓噩亘賳賷 賲毓胤賷丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 賮賷賴丕 毓賱賶 丕亘鬲匕丕匕 睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇 (賵 兀丨賷丕賳丕 賲亘丕卮乇 亘卮賰賱 賮噩) 賲賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲賳 丨賱 毓賱賷賴賲 貙 賰賷 賷噩匕賱賵丕 賱賴 賮賷 丕賱毓胤丕賷丕 賵 丕賱賲賳丨 ! 貙 賵 廿賱丕 卮丕賳賴賲 丕賱乇噩賱 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 賵 賮賷 匕賰乇賴 毓賳賴賲 賱丿賶 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵 丕賱賯賷丕氐乇丞 賲賲賳 賳賵賶 丕賱賲乇賵乇 亘賴賲 賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 ! 貙 乇亘賲丕 賰丕賳 鬲賰乇賷賲 賲賳 賴賲 賮賷 賲孬賱 丨丕賱 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 毓乇賮 毓丕賲 丕賷丕賲賴丕 貙 賷丐丿賷 丕賱鬲賯氐賷乇 賮賷賴 廿賱賶 丕爻鬲賴噩丕賳 賵 丕夭丿乇丕亍 賲賳 賯氐賾乇 貙 賵丕賰乇丕賲 丕賱囟賷賮 丕賵 丕亘賳 丕賱爻亘賷賱 賮賷 毓乇賮賳丕 亘丕賱卮乇賯 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱貙 賰丕賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賱賱賲夭丕賷丿丞 賵 丕賱賮禺乇 亘賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻
賵 賱賰賳賷 賱賲 兀噩丿 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 賲賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘丕賱丕亘鬲夭丕夭 賮毓賱 賰乇賷賲 毓賱賶 兀賷丞 丨丕賱
丕毓噩亘鬲賳賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賯鬲胤賮丕鬲 丕賱賱賷 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 亘鬲丐賷丿 毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵 兀賴賲賷鬲賴 賴丕賳賯賱賰賲 亘毓囟賴丕 賲賳 賵賯鬲 賱賱鬲丕賳賷 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱乇賷賮賷賵 丕賳 卮丕亍 丕賱賱賴
:)
2015
賵 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 丕賳賷 丕鬲賮丕噩卅鬲 賲賳 亘爻丕胤丞 爻乇丿 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賵 賲亘丕卮乇鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱丨賰賷 貙 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賷丨賵賷 賰賲 賴丕賷賱 賲賳 丕賱丨賰丕賷丕鬲 貙 賵 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓賳 丕賱兀丿賷丕賳 賵 丕賱賮賳賵賳 賵 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 賵 丕賱兀賳卮胤丞 賵 丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 賵 丕賱兀毓乇丕賮 .. 賵 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丕鬲 .. 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻丕鬲 貙 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶
亘賱丕 卮賰 賴賵 賲乇噩毓 毓馗賷賲 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓 丕賱賱賷 賲賲賰賳 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賷乇鬲賰賳 丕賱賷賴丕 賮賷 亘丨孬賴 毓賳 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓氐賵乇
丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 賲丕亘賷賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賰乇丨丕賱丞 賵 賲丕亘賷賳 賲賳 丨賱 賾 毓賱賷賴賲 賲賳 丨賰賾丕賲 賵 丕賲乇丕亍 賰丕賳鬲 毓賱丕賯丞 (賯匕乇丞) 賱賲 鬲毓噩亘賳賷 賲毓胤賷丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱兀丨賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 賮賷賴丕 毓賱賶 丕亘鬲匕丕匕 睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇 (賵 兀丨賷丕賳丕 賲亘丕卮乇 亘卮賰賱 賮噩) 賲賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 賱賲賳 丨賱 毓賱賷賴賲 貙 賰賷 賷噩匕賱賵丕 賱賴 賮賷 丕賱毓胤丕賷丕 賵 丕賱賲賳丨 ! 貙 賵 廿賱丕 卮丕賳賴賲 丕賱乇噩賱 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 賵 賮賷 匕賰乇賴 毓賳賴賲 賱丿賶 丕賱賲賱賵賰 賵 丕賱賯賷丕氐乇丞 賲賲賳 賳賵賶 丕賱賲乇賵乇 亘賴賲 賮賷 乇丨賱鬲賴 ! 貙 乇亘賲丕 賰丕賳 鬲賰乇賷賲 賲賳 賴賲 賮賷 賲孬賱 丨丕賱 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 毓乇賮 毓丕賲 丕賷丕賲賴丕 貙 賷丐丿賷 丕賱鬲賯氐賷乇 賮賷賴 廿賱賶 丕爻鬲賴噩丕賳 賵 丕夭丿乇丕亍 賲賳 賯氐賾乇 貙 賵丕賰乇丕賲 丕賱囟賷賮 丕賵 丕亘賳 丕賱爻亘賷賱 賮賷 毓乇賮賳丕 亘丕賱卮乇賯 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱貙 賰丕賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賱賱賲夭丕賷丿丞 賵 丕賱賮禺乇 亘賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻
賵 賱賰賳賷 賱賲 兀噩丿 丕賱廿卮丕乇丞 賲賳 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 亘丕賱丕亘鬲夭丕夭 賮毓賱 賰乇賷賲 毓賱賶 兀賷丞 丨丕賱
丕毓噩亘鬲賳賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賲賯鬲胤賮丕鬲 丕賱賱賷 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 亘鬲丐賷丿 毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵 兀賴賲賷鬲賴 賴丕賳賯賱賰賲 亘毓囟賴丕 賲賳 賵賯鬲 賱賱鬲丕賳賷 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱乇賷賮賷賵 丕賳 卮丕亍 丕賱賱賴
:)
March 12, 2021
Ibn Battuta
An abridged version, English translation edited 2002.
I will make a shortcut on this edition, which introduced me to this work.
It gave me enough insight to make me want to read all of it.
In the meantime, I was fortunate enough to find a complete edition and will resume
reading 鈥淭he Travels of Ibn Battuta鈥� shortly.
An abridged version, English translation edited 2002.
I will make a shortcut on this edition, which introduced me to this work.
It gave me enough insight to make me want to read all of it.
In the meantime, I was fortunate enough to find a complete edition and will resume
reading 鈥淭he Travels of Ibn Battuta鈥� shortly.
January 12, 2023
鈥淚 set out alone, having neither fellow-traveller in whose companionship I might find cheer, nor caravan whose part I might join, but swayed by an overmastering impulse within me and a desire long-cherished in my bosom to visit these illustrious sanctuaries. So I braced my resolution to quit my dear ones, female and male, and forsook my home as birds forsake their nests. My parents being yet in the bonds of life, it weighed sorely upon me to part from them, and both they and I were afflicted with sorrow at this separation.鈥� - the opening words of The Travels' first chapter. It was these very words that inspired me to take the decisive step of undertaking my little journey to Jerusalem and board on the plane to Tel Aviv, all by myself. I did not carry a lot of money with me; as a matter of fact, I spent half of my savings just for having the plane ticket... And I paid only for one-way. This was the beginning of my Battutah journey, and this is how I stayed in Israel for almost 2 months. Due to the scarcity of my finances, I had to spend my first night in Jerusalem by roaming the streets of the Arab district that lies just outside the walls of the Old City. I did not regret my decision even for a moment, however, for it was by the grace of God Almighty that I soon found my provisions and accommodation necessary for the duration of my stay. My prayers were not left unheard.
And so did Ibn Battutah also leave Tangiers, his hometown in Morocco, to perform the hajj [Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca], a journey which by the estimates of his times would take up to sixteen months. No one knew, though, that he would not return to Morocco for another twenty-four years, only to become the most traveled person in all of pre-modern history, having journeyed a whole 117,000 km! This is Ibn Battutah, the Berber scholar and qadi [judge] of the Maliki school of Islamic law. Indian saints, Mongol hordes, Byzantine princes and princesses, jewels of Tabriz and the bazaars of Busra: 鈥淭raveling鈥攊t leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller.鈥�
And so did Ibn Battutah also leave Tangiers, his hometown in Morocco, to perform the hajj [Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca], a journey which by the estimates of his times would take up to sixteen months. No one knew, though, that he would not return to Morocco for another twenty-four years, only to become the most traveled person in all of pre-modern history, having journeyed a whole 117,000 km! This is Ibn Battutah, the Berber scholar and qadi [judge] of the Maliki school of Islamic law. Indian saints, Mongol hordes, Byzantine princes and princesses, jewels of Tabriz and the bazaars of Busra: 鈥淭raveling鈥攊t leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller.鈥�
November 18, 2022
The modern reader in me was deeply conflicted while reading this book. While Ibn Battutah's epic journey paints a surreal yet honest image of the 14th-century Islamic and South-East Asian world, it baffles me how a 3-decade long journey halfway around the world and back would have such little impact on prejudices held by the traveller.
I also couldn't help but actively compare Ibn Battutah to Marco Polo, whose journey I also greatly admire.
This book is also a treasure trove of many reading rabbit holes for tidbits about history, cultures and geographies, rummaging through which I thoroughly enjoyed.
I also couldn't help but actively compare Ibn Battutah to Marco Polo, whose journey I also greatly admire.
This book is also a treasure trove of many reading rabbit holes for tidbits about history, cultures and geographies, rummaging through which I thoroughly enjoyed.
March 19, 2021
A few months ago I read John Mandeville's _The Book of Marvels and Travels_, a travelogue mostly based on second-hand sources and filled with fantastical elements. Ibn Battutah's travelogue (written at the same time) is the exact opposite: filled with personal experiences and rather grounded in reality. But at the same time, those grounded adventures are actually far more interesting.
Battutah was not particularly wealthy, but he was decently educated and followed the family business: he became a qadi, or a judge of Islamic law. At age 21, in 1325, he set out from Morocco for the pilgrimage to Mecca. He would extend his journey, however, following traders in ships and caravans, eventually covering virtually the entire Islamic world and beyond: North Africa, the Middle East, Byzantium, Central Asia, India, the east coast of Africa, the Maldives, Southeast Asia, China, then back to his home, Spain, and finally West Africa. Here's a map of his itinerary:
His travels came right after the Crusades and the Mongol conquests of the 13th century, and right before Timur's conquests - a relatively quiet time, perfect for a globetrotter like him. Until he reached India, he basically ran into no trouble whatsoever.
His initial money ran out quite quickly, but he could rely on generous Muslim institutions that supported travelers, his highly-in-demand profession as qadi, and his incredible talent for befriending rulers. The latter shower him with gifts and important positions, often trying to keep him against his will when he wants to keep traveling.
The early parts of the book, when he's moving around the Near East are not very exciting and very heavy on the religion. But as he gets to more exotic locales, the narrative gathers pace and his focus shifts to ethnography. There's all sorts of excitement including military campaigns, narrowly avoiding death in various ways (disease, rebels, shipwrecks, etc). There are hilarious moments of him fainting when seeing magic tricks. Overall I'd say it's very entertaining.
Disappointingly, Battutah himself remains tantalizingly obscure. We learn very little about him (one or two throwaway comments on his wanderlust suggest the outlines of a personality), and virtually nothing about his travel companions, wives, slaves, friends, or acquaintances. The only people who appear as characters are the rulers, and they're generally either harsh and/or munificent.
Battutah's comments on local customs tend to be neutral, except when it comes to sexual morality: on the one hand, as an Islamic judge, he has fairly stringent views - women should wear veils, not socialize with men outside their family, etc. (His failed attempts to get Maldivean women to cover up are hilarious.) On the other hand, this guy FUCKS. In the Maldives alone he married 6 women and had slave girls as concubines on top of that. Marriage seems to have been a fairly loose concept to him, as he divorced them and left them quite easily:
Overall it's a window into a radically different world, on two levels: Battutah himself is distant enough from us, but he is also constantly hit by culture shock himself as he travels into more and more exotic locales.
Battutah was not particularly wealthy, but he was decently educated and followed the family business: he became a qadi, or a judge of Islamic law. At age 21, in 1325, he set out from Morocco for the pilgrimage to Mecca. He would extend his journey, however, following traders in ships and caravans, eventually covering virtually the entire Islamic world and beyond: North Africa, the Middle East, Byzantium, Central Asia, India, the east coast of Africa, the Maldives, Southeast Asia, China, then back to his home, Spain, and finally West Africa. Here's a map of his itinerary:
His travels came right after the Crusades and the Mongol conquests of the 13th century, and right before Timur's conquests - a relatively quiet time, perfect for a globetrotter like him. Until he reached India, he basically ran into no trouble whatsoever.
His initial money ran out quite quickly, but he could rely on generous Muslim institutions that supported travelers, his highly-in-demand profession as qadi, and his incredible talent for befriending rulers. The latter shower him with gifts and important positions, often trying to keep him against his will when he wants to keep traveling.
The early parts of the book, when he's moving around the Near East are not very exciting and very heavy on the religion. But as he gets to more exotic locales, the narrative gathers pace and his focus shifts to ethnography. There's all sorts of excitement including military campaigns, narrowly avoiding death in various ways (disease, rebels, shipwrecks, etc). There are hilarious moments of him fainting when seeing magic tricks. Overall I'd say it's very entertaining.
Disappointingly, Battutah himself remains tantalizingly obscure. We learn very little about him (one or two throwaway comments on his wanderlust suggest the outlines of a personality), and virtually nothing about his travel companions, wives, slaves, friends, or acquaintances. The only people who appear as characters are the rulers, and they're generally either harsh and/or munificent.
Battutah's comments on local customs tend to be neutral, except when it comes to sexual morality: on the one hand, as an Islamic judge, he has fairly stringent views - women should wear veils, not socialize with men outside their family, etc. (His failed attempts to get Maldivean women to cover up are hilarious.) On the other hand, this guy FUCKS. In the Maldives alone he married 6 women and had slave girls as concubines on top of that. Marriage seems to have been a fairly loose concept to him, as he divorced them and left them quite easily:
Having divorced my wives I set sail. We came to a little island in the archipelago in which there was but one house, occupied by a weaver. He had a wife and family, a few coco-palms and a small boat, with which he used to fish and to cross over to any of the islands he wished to visit. His island contained also banana bushes, but we saw no land birds on it except two crows, which came out to us on our arrival and circled above our vessel. And I swear I envied that man, and wished that the island had been mine, that I might have made it my retreat until the inevitable hour should befall me.
Overall it's a window into a radically different world, on two levels: Battutah himself is distant enough from us, but he is also constantly hit by culture shock himself as he travels into more and more exotic locales.
June 4, 2017
唳忇 唳膏唳唳む唳曕Ε唳距Π 唳膏Μ唳氞唳唰� 唳唳侧 唳︵唳� 唳灌Σ唰�, 唳忇 唳夃Κ唳距唰嵿Ο唳距Θ 唳唳椸唳� 唳膏Θ唰嵿Δ唳距Θ, 唳唳曕 唳Σ唰� 唳唳班唳∴唳曕唳� 唳呧Μ 唳囙唳� 唳熰唳囙Ξ啷� 唳嗋Ξ唳� 唳忇 唳熰唳班唳唰� 唳忇唳距Θ唰� 唳囙Δ唳苦Μ唳距唳� 唳灌唳膏唳 唳唳Μ唳灌唳� 唳曕Π唳�, 唳曕唳班Γ 唳� 唳唳椸唰� 唳唳澿Δ唰� 唳忇唳距 唳︵Π唳曕唳� 唳涏唳侧イ 唳膏唳むΧ唰� 唳唳� 唳嗋唰囙Π 唳оΠ唰嵿Ξ唳Ε唳唳む唳班唳� 唳膏唳唳む唳氞唳班Γ唳曕 唳唳班 唳Π唰嵿Δ唳唳� 唳膏Ξ唳唰� 唳ㄠ唳� 唳氞唳ㄠ唳む唳氞唳むΘ唳距Ο唳� 唳扳€嵿唳唳多Θ唳距Σ唳距唳� 唳曕Π唳む 唳氞唳�, 唳む 唳曕Π唳む 唳ㄠ 唳唳班 唳忇唰� 唳唳む唳� 唳曕Π唰� 唳︵唳む 唳氞唳�, 唳む唳班 唳嗋Ω唳侧 唳曕 唳栢唳佮唳涏唳� 唳溹唳ㄠ 唳ㄠ啷� 唳むΜ唰� 唳Η唰嵿Ο唳唳椸唳 唳夃Κ唳距唰嵿Ο唳距Θ唰� 唳む唳班 唳む 唳栢唳佮唰� 唳唳侧 唳膏唳� 唳曕唳灌唳ㄠ唳曕 唳溹唳侧唳唳距Δ唳� 唳Σ唰� 唳膏Θ唰嵿Ζ唰囙 唳溹唳椸Δ啷�
November 10, 2020
唳Π唳曕唳曕唳� 唳唳 唳囙Μ唳ㄠ 唳唳む唳む啷� 唳︵唳� 唳唳︵唳� 唳樴唳班 唳唳∴唳距Θ唰� 唳む唳佮Π 唳膏唳Κ唰嵿Θ啷� 唳灌唰囙Π 唳夃Ζ唰嵿Ζ唰囙Χ唰嵿Ο 唳ㄠ唳唰� 唳多唳班 唳灌Ο唳� 唳む唳佮Π 唳唳多唳� 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳� 唳唳む唳班啷�
唳Η唰嵿Ο唳唳班唳氞唳 唳ム唳曕 唳唳班Δ,唳氞唳�, 唳囙唳班唳� 唳灌Ο唳监 唳嗋Λ唰嵿Π唳苦唳� 唳樴唳班 唳唳溹 唳忇Ω唰� 唳む唳ㄠ 唳む唳� 唳唳む唳班 唳多唳� 唳曕Π唰囙Θ啷� 唳唳む唳班 唳多唳粪 唳唳溹 唳唳涏唳侧 唳む唳ㄠ唳距Π 唳多唳膏 唳む唳� 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳距唳苦Θ唰€ 唳侧唳唳Ζ唰嵿Η 唳曕Π唰� 唳班唳栢唳� 唳嗋Ζ唰囙Χ 唳︵唳ㄠイ
唳囙Μ唳ㄠ 唳唳む唳む 唳む唳佮Π 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳� 唳唳班Δ唳苦唳� 唳唳粪Ο唳� 唳ㄠ唳栢唳佮Δ唳唳 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ 唳曕Π唳距Π 唳氞唳粪唳熰 唳曕Π唰囙唰囙Θ啷� 唳曕唳ム唳 唳椸唳唰囙唰囙Θ, 唳曕唳ム唳 唳ム唳曕唳涏唳�, 唳曕唳ム唳 唳曕唳� 唳唳Ζ唰� 唳Α唳监唳涏唳� 唳 唳曕唳ム唳 唳唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳嗋Χ唰嵿Π唳, 唳膏Μ唳曕唳涏唳� 唳涏唳侧 唳む唳佮Π 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ唳む唰�
唳唳栢唳ㄠ 唳椸唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳膏唳栢唳ㄠ唳� 唳唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳膏Ξ唰嵿Ξ唳距Θ啷� 唳︵唳栢 唳曕Π唰囙唰囙Θ 唳唳班Δ唳苦唳� 唳呧唰嵿唳侧唳� 唳多唳膏唳︵唳� 唳膏唳ム啷� 唳多唳膏唳班唳� 唳む唳� 唳嗋Κ唰嵿Ο唳距Ο唳监Θ唰� 唳曕Ξ唳む 唳班唳栢唳ㄠΘ唳苦イ 唳曕唳� 唳曕唳� 唳忇Δ 唳夃Κ唳灌唳� 唳︵唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳 唳曕Σ唰嵿Κ唳ㄠ唳� 唳曕Π唳� 唳唳 唳ㄠ唰� 唳曕唳� 唳曕唳� 唳嗋Μ唳距Π 唳︵唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳唳唳ㄠ唳� 唳︵唳唳苦Δ唰嵿Μ唳撪イ 唳曕唳ㄠ唳む 唳栢Π唳氞唳� 唳曕唳粪唳む唳班 唳囙Μ唳ㄠ 唳唳む唳む唳曕 唳呧Θ唰囙唳熰 唳呧Μ唳苦Μ唰囙唳曕 唳Θ唰� 唳灌Ο唳监唳涏啷�
唳唳多唳Μ唰嵿Ο唳距Κ唰€ 唳膏Ξ唳距Ζ唰冟Δ 唳忇 唳忇 唳唳班Ξ唳� 唳曕唳灌唳ㄠ 唳ㄠ唳唰� 唳班Ο唳监唳涏 唳ㄠ唳ㄠ 唳膏Ξ唳距Σ唰嬥唳ㄠ唳撪イ 唳呧Θ唰囙唰囙 唳唳唳ㄠ唳� 唳多Μ唰嵿Ζ 唳氞Ο唳监Θ唰�, 唳唳曕唳� 唳椸唳ㄠ 唳曕唳傕Μ唳� 唳唳� 唳оΠ唰囙唰囙Θ 唳む唳ㄠ唳距Π 唳膏Ξ唳唰囙Π 唳愢Δ唳苦唳距Ω唳苦 唳唳唳栢唳 唳ㄠ唳唰囙Х 唳忇Δ 唳唳� 唳嗋唰囙Π 唳唳ㄠ唳∴唳侧唳 唳曕唳傕Μ唳� 唳︵唳班唳� 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳� 唳樴唳ㄠ 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ唳 唳膏唳� 唳唳侧唰佮Σ唰嬥唰� 唳む唳Θ 唳唳む唳む 唳︵唳唳距Π 唳唰嵿Ψ唰� 唳ㄠ唳� 唳嗋Μ唳距Π 唳呧Θ唰囙唰囙Х
唳愢Δ唳苦唰嵿Ο 唳ム唳曕 唳唳班唳距Χ唳苦Δ 唳膏唳唳犩唳� 唳唳熰 唳唳班Ξ唳� 唳曕唳灌唳ㄠ 唳Α唳监唳唳距Ζ唰囙Π 唳溹Θ唰嵿Ο 唳膏唳ㄠ唳︵Π 唳忇唳熰 唳 唳灌Δ唰� 唳唳班啷�
唳Η唰嵿Ο唳唳班唳氞唳 唳ム唳曕 唳唳班Δ,唳氞唳�, 唳囙唳班唳� 唳灌Ο唳监 唳嗋Λ唰嵿Π唳苦唳� 唳樴唳班 唳唳溹 唳忇Ω唰� 唳む唳ㄠ 唳む唳� 唳唳む唳班 唳多唳� 唳曕Π唰囙Θ啷� 唳唳む唳班 唳多唳粪 唳唳溹 唳唳涏唳侧 唳む唳ㄠ唳距Π 唳多唳膏 唳む唳� 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳距唳苦Θ唰€ 唳侧唳唳Ζ唰嵿Η 唳曕Π唰� 唳班唳栢唳� 唳嗋Ζ唰囙Χ 唳︵唳ㄠイ
唳囙Μ唳ㄠ 唳唳む唳む 唳む唳佮Π 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳� 唳唳班Δ唳苦唳� 唳唳粪Ο唳� 唳ㄠ唳栢唳佮Δ唳唳 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ 唳曕Π唳距Π 唳氞唳粪唳熰 唳曕Π唰囙唰囙Θ啷� 唳曕唳ム唳 唳椸唳唰囙唰囙Θ, 唳曕唳ム唳 唳ム唳曕唳涏唳�, 唳曕唳ム唳 唳曕唳� 唳唳Ζ唰� 唳Α唳监唳涏唳� 唳 唳曕唳ム唳 唳唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳嗋Χ唰嵿Π唳, 唳膏Μ唳曕唳涏唳� 唳涏唳侧 唳む唳佮Π 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ唳む唰�
唳唳栢唳ㄠ 唳椸唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳膏唳栢唳ㄠ唳� 唳唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳膏Ξ唰嵿Ξ唳距Θ啷� 唳︵唳栢 唳曕Π唰囙唰囙Θ 唳唳班Δ唳苦唳� 唳呧唰嵿唳侧唳� 唳多唳膏唳︵唳� 唳膏唳ム啷� 唳多唳膏唳班唳� 唳む唳� 唳嗋Κ唰嵿Ο唳距Ο唳监Θ唰� 唳曕Ξ唳む 唳班唳栢唳ㄠΘ唳苦イ 唳曕唳� 唳曕唳� 唳忇Δ 唳夃Κ唳灌唳� 唳︵唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳 唳曕Σ唰嵿Κ唳ㄠ唳� 唳曕Π唳� 唳唳 唳ㄠ唰� 唳曕唳� 唳曕唳� 唳嗋Μ唳距Π 唳︵唳唰囙唰囙Θ 唳唳唳ㄠ唳� 唳︵唳唳苦Δ唰嵿Μ唳撪イ 唳曕唳ㄠ唳む 唳栢Π唳氞唳� 唳曕唳粪唳む唳班 唳囙Μ唳ㄠ 唳唳む唳む唳曕 唳呧Θ唰囙唳熰 唳呧Μ唳苦Μ唰囙唳曕 唳Θ唰� 唳灌Ο唳监唳涏啷�
唳唳多唳Μ唰嵿Ο唳距Κ唰€ 唳膏Ξ唳距Ζ唰冟Δ 唳忇 唳忇 唳唳班Ξ唳� 唳曕唳灌唳ㄠ 唳ㄠ唳唰� 唳班Ο唳监唳涏 唳ㄠ唳ㄠ 唳膏Ξ唳距Σ唰嬥唳ㄠ唳撪イ 唳呧Θ唰囙唰囙 唳唳唳ㄠ唳� 唳多Μ唰嵿Ζ 唳氞Ο唳监Θ唰�, 唳唳曕唳� 唳椸唳ㄠ 唳曕唳傕Μ唳� 唳唳� 唳оΠ唰囙唰囙Θ 唳む唳ㄠ唳距Π 唳膏Ξ唳唰囙Π 唳愢Δ唳苦唳距Ω唳苦 唳唳唳栢唳 唳ㄠ唳唰囙Х 唳忇Δ 唳唳� 唳嗋唰囙Π 唳唳ㄠ唳∴唳侧唳 唳曕唳傕Μ唳� 唳︵唳班唳� 唳唳班Ξ唳｀唳� 唳樴唳ㄠ 唳Π唰嵿Γ唳ㄠ唳 唳膏唳� 唳唳侧唰佮Σ唰嬥唰� 唳む唳Θ 唳唳む唳む 唳︵唳唳距Π 唳唰嵿Ψ唰� 唳ㄠ唳� 唳嗋Μ唳距Π 唳呧Θ唰囙唰囙Х
唳愢Δ唳苦唰嵿Ο 唳ム唳曕 唳唳班唳距Χ唳苦Δ 唳膏唳唳犩唳� 唳唳熰 唳唳班Ξ唳� 唳曕唳灌唳ㄠ 唳Α唳监唳唳距Ζ唰囙Π 唳溹Θ唰嵿Ο 唳膏唳ㄠ唳︵Π 唳忇唳熰 唳 唳灌Δ唰� 唳唳班啷�
February 24, 2007
丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴貙 夭丕丿賴 蹖 胤賳噩賴貙 丿乇 賲乇丕讴卮貙 丿乇 賯乇賳 賴卮鬲賲 賴噩乇蹖 锟斤拷蹖 夭蹖爻鬲賴. 丕亘鬲丿丕 亘賴 賳蹖鬲 夭蹖丕乇鬲 讴毓亘賴 丕夭 夭丕丿诏丕賴 禺賵丿 乇丕賴 賲蹖 丕賮鬲丿 賵 爻倬爻 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 讴卮卮 賵 讴賳噩讴丕賵蹖貙 丨丿賵丿 爻蹖 爻丕賱 丕夭 毓賲乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 丿乇 诏乇丿卮 賵 爻賮乇 诏乇丿 噩賴丕賳 丕爻賱丕賲 賲蹖 诏匕乇丕賳丿 賵 丨鬲蹖 爻丕賱 賴丕 丿乇 趩蹖賳 賵 賴賳丿 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 讴鬲丕亘 丨丕囟乇 亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 卮丿賴 丕夭 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 蹖 亘賱賳丿 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘賴 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 賲爻丕蹖賱 丕蹖乇丕賳 賲乇亘賵胤 賲蹖 卮賵丿. "讴鬲丕亘 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤賴 丕夭 丿賵 噩賴鬲 亘乇 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丕爻賱丕賲蹖 亘乇鬲乇蹖 丿丕乇丿: 丕賵賱 丕夭 噩賴鬲 賵爻毓鬲 丿丕賲賳賴 蹖 爻賮乇.. 丕夭 胤賳噩賴 蹖 賲乇丕讴卮 鬲丕 賲氐乇 賵 卮丕賲丕鬲 賵 賲讴賴 賵 毓乇丕賯 賵 賯爻賲鬲 亘夭乇诏蹖 丕夭 丕蹖乇丕賳 賵 蹖賲賳 賵 毓賲丕賳 賵 亘賱丕丿 乇賵賲 賵 賯爻胤賳胤賳蹖賴 賵 丿卮鬲 賯亘趩丕賯 賵 賲丕賵乇丕亍 丕賱賳賴乇 賵 丕賮睾丕賳爻鬲丕賳 賵 爻賳丿 賵 賴賳丿 賵 噩夭丕蹖乇 噩賳賵亘蹖 賴賳丿賵爻鬲丕賳 賵 趩蹖賳 丕賵 丕賳丿賱爻 賵 賳蹖噩乇蹖賴 賵賵... 丿賵賲 丕夭 噩賴鬲 氐丿丕賯鬲 丕賵 丿乇 亘蹖丕賳 丕賵囟丕毓 賵 丕丨賵丕賱 賲賲丕賱讴蹖 讴賴 丿蹖丿賴 .."(丕夭 賲賯丿賲賴 蹖 賲鬲乇噩賲)
Ebne Batoote was a Syrian traveller / writer / intellectuel, and this book is his description on his famous journey to many Islamic lands, among others, Iran, in 14th century a.c.
Ebne Batoote was a Syrian traveller / writer / intellectuel, and this book is his description on his famous journey to many Islamic lands, among others, Iran, in 14th century a.c.
February 23, 2014
Fascinating read about one of the world's first great explorers/tourists, who saw more of the world than even most modern jetsetters. He hits all the places I would love to see-- China, Persia, the Maldives, the Silk Road, southern Spain, and back again to Morocco. A great perspective of the fourteenth century world, this account shows first hand the sweeping changes in society as this remarkable individual travels behind the devestation of the Mongol invasion and the Black Death in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, India and China.
Read
March 28, 2016 done, finally. I went through it very quickly to define the perception of Ibn Battita toward himself as traveller and his perception to others. Also, is his language of describing places was driven by his ego-biased and his spiritual and cultural background
December 8, 2018
A Mossy Rolling Stone
The old proverb goes that, 'a rolling stone gathers no moss' but like Marco Polo, who wrote his Travels over 50 years before Ibn Battutah began his journeys, and came home decades later wealthy; Battutah gained much in his travels. The resemblance stops there though, because IB traveled the Muslim world, where Polo traveled the Silk Road across Europe and Asia. And, Marco Polo's journey was a trade expedition, while IB set out originally for a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ibn Battutah was a young lawyer of sorts... a jurist. When he left home at 22, his parents were still alive. By the time he returned home a quarter of a century later, the Black Death was ravaging the Middle East and North Africa and his Mother had only recently died in Morocco of the plague.
IB's tales and accounts of his travels make intriguing reading, despite the fact that he writes with frequent formulaic prayer lines plastered throughout the pages. This is evident usually in his habit of following the name of everyone of importance with the expression, "God grant him peace" or some similar benediction. Interspersed throughout are descriptive phrases about the various cities he encounters, many of those phrases taken directly with and without credit from other earlier authors of his day. Though he traveled all the way to China, according to his book, there is some doubt about the inland visits in China. For example, there is no river where he claims one exists. He appeared to write from hearsay in a few spots, in the way that Marco Polo wrote about Russia at the end of his Travels. Marco Polo stated clearly that he had not been there but had heard tales about Russia. IB claims to have actually gone to China using words that were clearly plagiarized from other known sources. But, he is not the first person to misrepresent the full extent of his tales.
He does at times appear to be either lying or incredibly gullible when believing the stories told him by other people of ridiculous 'miracles.' That aside, its the true things that are the most unbelievable in his journeys. He traveled from country to country, rebuking people in other cultures for the order in which they performed their bath ritual, (washing hands, head, and feet in a different order.) He reported people to the king for using the bath house naked, rebuking the practice until the king passed a law forbidding it. He openly rebuked people for practices that were contrary to his own standards. He refused to eat with infidels, and everyone was either classed as infidel or Muslim. Yet, he criticized Christians for not sharing their food with Muslims.
He contracted various marriages in different cities along the way, while supplementing his multiple wives with a variety of slave girls. The marriages appeared temporary, and he allowed the wives to dissolve the marriage when he moved on. Yet, he condemned the practice of selling slave girls into prostitution. He talked frequently about the value of educated slaves, and how difficult it was to obtain girls of various races who were well educated. Overall, it is apparent that he wholeheartedly approved of slavery and participated in the practice.
IB traveled in a sense often far removed from modern traveling; filling up water containers at streams and rivers, and riding horses and camels. He lived from the generosity of hospitality as a traveler. And, he often judged in matters as a jurist for pay it is presumed. He was given rich gifts from royalty, because of his rank in the Muslim world. His descriptions of various places and people are full of interesting bits like that in Mecca, they wore white robes, perfumed freely, painted their eyes with kohl, and were constantly polishing their teeth with twigs of green arak-wood. He referred to Persia & Anatolia as 'the two Iraqs.' He explained that Somalia was then (and is still) the world's biggest producer of camels.
He spoke of the cult of The Assassins. He escaped a siege in India. He told of seeing soldiers eating hashish from a bag. He described Russians by hearsay as Christian's with "red hair, blue eyes, and ugly faces, and are treacherous folk." At one point, he was riding in a covered wagon train with two slave girls and a slave boy in his wagon where they ate and slept in the wagon without stopping at night. Later his favorite of the girls neared time for delivery of his child, and he wanted to wait until reaching Samarkand where he planned to wait for the child's birth. Instead the child arrived in camp after he'd pitched a tent for her still on the journey. He was very happy about the new baby, a girl who he described in joyful terms, but he never saw any of his children after he left town. This slave girl's daughter died as an infant. He was often given slave girls as gifts, while some he purchased himself.
He frequently became enraged with people who violated his standards. He cursed Jews. He ordered severe punishments in cases he was enjoined to judge. He considered the people of the Maldives to be weak, especially prone to such weaknesses as described in the following quote:
But, he cried when arriving in the first town after leaving home at the age of 22. He was sad to be in the middle of people being greeted by loved ones while he was alone for the first time. Near Ceylon and Coromandel (near the Maldives) he was moved to great emotion over seeing the supposed 'footprint of Adam' on the mountains where he was ejected from the Garden of Eden. And, his professions of love for his home in Morroco upon returning were magnanimous.
Despite his inconsistencies and contradictions, his tales are remarkable and revealing of his own culture, as well as that of other countries during the middle ages. It is well worth reading and a classic of enduring respect. I read it from a small hardbound copy I ordered online, since it is not easy to find. It has gilt edged pages and a ribbon for marking the pages, as well as a good map inside the front pages that illustrates his journey. But, the best feature is the editor/ translator's notes at the end of the book that refer to the footnotes throughout the book and give detailed info to clarify for the modern reader. Also, when places are named throughout the book, the modern name is given in parenthesis. I highly recommend this for anyone interested in the medieval world.
I read this for my stop in Egypt on my Journey Around the World in 80 Books for 2018. My next stop is Saudia Arabia.
The old proverb goes that, 'a rolling stone gathers no moss' but like Marco Polo, who wrote his Travels over 50 years before Ibn Battutah began his journeys, and came home decades later wealthy; Battutah gained much in his travels. The resemblance stops there though, because IB traveled the Muslim world, where Polo traveled the Silk Road across Europe and Asia. And, Marco Polo's journey was a trade expedition, while IB set out originally for a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ibn Battutah was a young lawyer of sorts... a jurist. When he left home at 22, his parents were still alive. By the time he returned home a quarter of a century later, the Black Death was ravaging the Middle East and North Africa and his Mother had only recently died in Morocco of the plague.
"Thence we traveled to Ma' an, which is the last town in Syria, and descended through the pass of El-Sawan into the desert, of which the saying goes 'He who enters it is lost and he who leaves it is born.'"
IB's tales and accounts of his travels make intriguing reading, despite the fact that he writes with frequent formulaic prayer lines plastered throughout the pages. This is evident usually in his habit of following the name of everyone of importance with the expression, "God grant him peace" or some similar benediction. Interspersed throughout are descriptive phrases about the various cities he encounters, many of those phrases taken directly with and without credit from other earlier authors of his day. Though he traveled all the way to China, according to his book, there is some doubt about the inland visits in China. For example, there is no river where he claims one exists. He appeared to write from hearsay in a few spots, in the way that Marco Polo wrote about Russia at the end of his Travels. Marco Polo stated clearly that he had not been there but had heard tales about Russia. IB claims to have actually gone to China using words that were clearly plagiarized from other known sources. But, he is not the first person to misrepresent the full extent of his tales.
He does at times appear to be either lying or incredibly gullible when believing the stories told him by other people of ridiculous 'miracles.' That aside, its the true things that are the most unbelievable in his journeys. He traveled from country to country, rebuking people in other cultures for the order in which they performed their bath ritual, (washing hands, head, and feet in a different order.) He reported people to the king for using the bath house naked, rebuking the practice until the king passed a law forbidding it. He openly rebuked people for practices that were contrary to his own standards. He refused to eat with infidels, and everyone was either classed as infidel or Muslim. Yet, he criticized Christians for not sharing their food with Muslims.
He contracted various marriages in different cities along the way, while supplementing his multiple wives with a variety of slave girls. The marriages appeared temporary, and he allowed the wives to dissolve the marriage when he moved on. Yet, he condemned the practice of selling slave girls into prostitution. He talked frequently about the value of educated slaves, and how difficult it was to obtain girls of various races who were well educated. Overall, it is apparent that he wholeheartedly approved of slavery and participated in the practice.
" They are strong workers and a slave of that race is twice as good as a slave of another."
IB traveled in a sense often far removed from modern traveling; filling up water containers at streams and rivers, and riding horses and camels. He lived from the generosity of hospitality as a traveler. And, he often judged in matters as a jurist for pay it is presumed. He was given rich gifts from royalty, because of his rank in the Muslim world. His descriptions of various places and people are full of interesting bits like that in Mecca, they wore white robes, perfumed freely, painted their eyes with kohl, and were constantly polishing their teeth with twigs of green arak-wood. He referred to Persia & Anatolia as 'the two Iraqs.' He explained that Somalia was then (and is still) the world's biggest producer of camels.
"From there we entered the great desert... Their blows in this desert the deadly summum wind which causes bodies to crumble through putrefaction so that when a man dies his limbs fall apart. we have already mentioned that this wind blows also in the desert between Hurmuz and Shiraz."
He spoke of the cult of The Assassins. He escaped a siege in India. He told of seeing soldiers eating hashish from a bag. He described Russians by hearsay as Christian's with "red hair, blue eyes, and ugly faces, and are treacherous folk." At one point, he was riding in a covered wagon train with two slave girls and a slave boy in his wagon where they ate and slept in the wagon without stopping at night. Later his favorite of the girls neared time for delivery of his child, and he wanted to wait until reaching Samarkand where he planned to wait for the child's birth. Instead the child arrived in camp after he'd pitched a tent for her still on the journey. He was very happy about the new baby, a girl who he described in joyful terms, but he never saw any of his children after he left town. This slave girl's daughter died as an infant. He was often given slave girls as gifts, while some he purchased himself.
He frequently became enraged with people who violated his standards. He cursed Jews. He ordered severe punishments in cases he was enjoined to judge. He considered the people of the Maldives to be weak, especially prone to such weaknesses as described in the following quote:
"Once when I ordered a thief's hand to be cut off a number of those who were in the Room fainted."
But, he cried when arriving in the first town after leaving home at the age of 22. He was sad to be in the middle of people being greeted by loved ones while he was alone for the first time. Near Ceylon and Coromandel (near the Maldives) he was moved to great emotion over seeing the supposed 'footprint of Adam' on the mountains where he was ejected from the Garden of Eden. And, his professions of love for his home in Morroco upon returning were magnanimous.
Despite his inconsistencies and contradictions, his tales are remarkable and revealing of his own culture, as well as that of other countries during the middle ages. It is well worth reading and a classic of enduring respect. I read it from a small hardbound copy I ordered online, since it is not easy to find. It has gilt edged pages and a ribbon for marking the pages, as well as a good map inside the front pages that illustrates his journey. But, the best feature is the editor/ translator's notes at the end of the book that refer to the footnotes throughout the book and give detailed info to clarify for the modern reader. Also, when places are named throughout the book, the modern name is given in parenthesis. I highly recommend this for anyone interested in the medieval world.
I read this for my stop in Egypt on my Journey Around the World in 80 Books for 2018. My next stop is Saudia Arabia.
November 24, 2014
I鈥檓 afraid this review is going to be more on picture I got of Ibn Battuta than of his book. The reason is, he has written mostly of how he felt about the places he visited and how his personal life was at those places. To me, his descriptions are very narrow minded and self-centered, therefore very little information on the places he travelled and how it was during that period. Of cause I don鈥檛 blame him. We have at least this information because he did write something.
The main thing he tells about the place he visits is whether the region is ruled by Muslims or not. Then the gifts and hospitality he received from the ruler and other nobles. Usually he describes about the manner of ruling, some anecdote and few personal experience. Considerable importance is given to mention the wives and slave girls he took, and how agreeable they are. Though he doesn't reveal his personal feelings, he mentions his offspring鈥檚 births and deaths irrespective of the fact that they are of wives or slave girls, and whether they are daughters or sons.
However, in present day measures, I don鈥檛 think he will be considered a person with good morals. Once a noble lady gives some presents to his slave girl to console her of the baby she lost recently, IB coolly describes how he immediately used them to pay off his debts. In fact he seems to be in debt all the time. Often he sweet talks wealthy rulers to get out of debts. Once, he almost blackmails a king to spread his stinginess, so the king was compelled to offer him more valuable gifts.
On his travels IB sees lots of cruelty, unfairness and even witness gang rape enforced as a punishment. But in his view, the most appalling thing in he saw was that somewhere in Africa there were some men who were not jealous of their wives being friendly with other men. He was so upset that the husband does not have any suspicion so he avoids him in disgust!
The main thing he tells about the place he visits is whether the region is ruled by Muslims or not. Then the gifts and hospitality he received from the ruler and other nobles. Usually he describes about the manner of ruling, some anecdote and few personal experience. Considerable importance is given to mention the wives and slave girls he took, and how agreeable they are. Though he doesn't reveal his personal feelings, he mentions his offspring鈥檚 births and deaths irrespective of the fact that they are of wives or slave girls, and whether they are daughters or sons.
However, in present day measures, I don鈥檛 think he will be considered a person with good morals. Once a noble lady gives some presents to his slave girl to console her of the baby she lost recently, IB coolly describes how he immediately used them to pay off his debts. In fact he seems to be in debt all the time. Often he sweet talks wealthy rulers to get out of debts. Once, he almost blackmails a king to spread his stinginess, so the king was compelled to offer him more valuable gifts.
On his travels IB sees lots of cruelty, unfairness and even witness gang rape enforced as a punishment. But in his view, the most appalling thing in he saw was that somewhere in Africa there were some men who were not jealous of their wives being friendly with other men. He was so upset that the husband does not have any suspicion so he avoids him in disgust!
September 8, 2021
賰丕賳 賲賳 兀睾乇亘 賲丕 賯乇兀鬲 賮賷賴 兀爻胤賵乇丞 丕賱乇禺貙 毓丿丕 匕賱賰 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱乇丨賱丞 丨丕賮賱丞 亘賲丕 賷毓鬲丕丿 賮賷 丕賱爻賮乇 賲賳 賳氐亘 賵 賳夭賴丞. 賱賲 賷賰鬲賮 亘賵氐賮 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳 丕賱亘毓賷丿丞 亘賱 鬲毓丿賶 匕賱賰 賱匕賰乇 丕賱爻賱丕胤賷賳 賵丕賱賵夭乇丕亍 賵丕賱賯囟丕丞 賵 乇賵丕賷丞 兀賴賲 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 賵 鬲毓丕賯亘 丕賱賲購賱賰. 丕賱噩丿賷乇 亘丕賱匕賰乇 兀賳 乇丨賱鬲賴 丿丕賲鬲 賯乇丕亘丞 29 爻賳丞 毓賱賶 賲爻丕賮丞 120.700 賰賲 賲丕 賷毓丕丿賱 鬲賯乇賷亘丕 3 丿賵乇丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱兀乇囟.
鬲毓乇囟 毓賲賱賴 賱賱賳賯丿 廿賱賶 丨丿 賳賮賷 賵氐賵賱賴 賱兀乇囟 丕賱氐賷賳 賯胤毓丕. 賱賰賳 匕賱賰 賱丕 賷賳賯氐 賲賳 賯賷賲丞 賵氐賮賴 賱賱毓丕賱賲 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賯乇賳 14 賵 賲丕 卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲睾賷乇丕鬲. 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 兀毓噩亘鬲 亘匕賰丕亍賴 賮賷 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 毓丕丿丕鬲 賰賱 亘賱丿 賵丕丨鬲乇丕賲賴 賱賴丕.
賵賲賲丕 賰鬲亘 賱丿賶 毓賵丿鬲賴 賱賱賲睾乇亘: "...賵兀賱賯賷鬲 毓氐賶 丕賱鬲爻賷丕乇 亘亘賱丕丿賴 丕賱卮乇賷賮丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 鬲丨賯賯鬲 亘賮囟賱 丕賱廿賳氐丕賮 兀賳賴丕 兀丨爻賳 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳貨 賱兀賳 丕賱賮賵丕賰賴 亘賴丕 賲鬲賷爻乇丞 貙 賵丕賱賲賷丕賴 賵丕賱兀賯賵丕鬲 睾賷乇 賲鬲毓匕乇丞 賵賯賱賾 廿賯賱賷賲 賷噩賲毓 匕賱賰貙 賵賱賯丿 兀丨爻賳 賲賳 賯丕賱 (賲噩鬲孬):
丕賱睾乇亘 兀丨爻賳 兀乇囟
賵賱賷 丿賱賷賱 毓賱賷賴
丕賱亘丿乇 賷乇賯亘 賲賳賴
賵丕賱卮賲爻 鬲爻毓賶 廿賱賷賴
...鬲亘賷賾賳 賱賰 兀賳 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賲睾乇亘 兀乇禺氐 丕賱亘賱丕丿 兀爻毓丕乇丕貙 賵兀賰孬乇賴丕 禺賷乇丕鬲 賵兀毓馗賲賴丕 賲乇丕賮賯 賵 賮賵丕卅丿..."
鬲毓乇囟 毓賲賱賴 賱賱賳賯丿 廿賱賶 丨丿 賳賮賷 賵氐賵賱賴 賱兀乇囟 丕賱氐賷賳 賯胤毓丕. 賱賰賳 匕賱賰 賱丕 賷賳賯氐 賲賳 賯賷賲丞 賵氐賮賴 賱賱毓丕賱賲 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賯乇賳 14 賵 賲丕 卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲睾賷乇丕鬲. 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 兀毓噩亘鬲 亘匕賰丕亍賴 賮賷 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 毓丕丿丕鬲 賰賱 亘賱丿 賵丕丨鬲乇丕賲賴 賱賴丕.
賵賲賲丕 賰鬲亘 賱丿賶 毓賵丿鬲賴 賱賱賲睾乇亘: "...賵兀賱賯賷鬲 毓氐賶 丕賱鬲爻賷丕乇 亘亘賱丕丿賴 丕賱卮乇賷賮丞 亘毓丿 兀賳 鬲丨賯賯鬲 亘賮囟賱 丕賱廿賳氐丕賮 兀賳賴丕 兀丨爻賳 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳貨 賱兀賳 丕賱賮賵丕賰賴 亘賴丕 賲鬲賷爻乇丞 貙 賵丕賱賲賷丕賴 賵丕賱兀賯賵丕鬲 睾賷乇 賲鬲毓匕乇丞 賵賯賱賾 廿賯賱賷賲 賷噩賲毓 匕賱賰貙 賵賱賯丿 兀丨爻賳 賲賳 賯丕賱 (賲噩鬲孬):
丕賱睾乇亘 兀丨爻賳 兀乇囟
賵賱賷 丿賱賷賱 毓賱賷賴
丕賱亘丿乇 賷乇賯亘 賲賳賴
賵丕賱卮賲爻 鬲爻毓賶 廿賱賷賴
...鬲亘賷賾賳 賱賰 兀賳 亘賱丕丿 丕賱賲睾乇亘 兀乇禺氐 丕賱亘賱丕丿 兀爻毓丕乇丕貙 賵兀賰孬乇賴丕 禺賷乇丕鬲 賵兀毓馗賲賴丕 賲乇丕賮賯 賵 賮賵丕卅丿..."
November 22, 2020
The sheer extent of the journeys recounted herein is breathtaking, and what information about all these distant places and cultures the author relays is fascinating - there just isn't all that much of it. Quite a lot of passages amounted to little more than "I went here, then I went there, and after that I proceeded to this other place." and about half the book consists of the translator's endless, often rather tedious annotations. I was hoping for more.
May 26, 2016
賯氐氐 賵丨賰丕賷丕鬲 賲賳 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲丿賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賷賳賯賱賴丕 丕亘賳 亘胤賵胤丞 丕賱乇丨丕賱丞 丕賱匕賷 噩丕亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 毓卮乇貙 賷鬲賲賷夭 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賳賯賱賴 賱賵賯丕卅毓 卮毓賵亘 賵賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲 賱賲丿賳 賮賷 毓氐乇 賯賱賲丕 鬲噩丿 賲賳 賷賵孬賯 賮賷賴 賲卮丕賴丿丕鬲賴 賵賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲 丨賷丕丞 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲丿賳 賯亘賱 8 毓氐賵乇貙 亘毓囟 丕賱賯氐氐 兀乇丕賴丕 賱丕賷賯亘賱賴丕 毓賯賱 賲賳 卮丿丞 丕賱賲亘丕賱睾丞 賮賷賴丕 賵賴匕丕 丕賱毓賷亘 丕賱賵丨賷丿 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘
May 24, 2012
鬲賯賷賷賲 賴匕賴 丕賱乇丨賱丞 氐毓亘 賱賱睾丕賷丞 貙 賮賴賷 賲賲鬲毓丞 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱賵氐賮 賵禺賷丕賱 丕賱賲丐賱賮 貙 賵賱賰賳 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賲丨鬲乇賮 賱賱賰匕亘 賵禺丕氐丞 賲毓 賲賳 禺丕賱賮賴 賮賷 丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿 貙 賮賯賱鬲 丕賱賮丕卅丿丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賲賳 丕賱乇丨賱丞 賱賱禺乇丕賮丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賷丐賲賳 亘賴丕 丕賱賲丐賱賮 .
May 24, 2012
Must read..!!!
October 14, 2018
the travels of the greatest of all medieval arab travellers. amazing travels. what a guy he must have been this Ibn Battuta.
September 29, 2018
Living and traveling about one generating behind the Italian Marco Polo(circa 1300), The Muslim Ibn Battutah (Published around 1350) traveled more miles and saw more of the Near and Far East and remains the less known traveler. The best guess is that he was on the road, or at sea for about 30 years and logged about 75,000 miles. The Travels of Ibn Battutah edited by Tim Makintosh-Smith reads as an edited version but with the advantage of efforts to get the story in its best order and notations of times and places where the narrative is inconsistent or historic references do not align. Mostly these errors read like the kinds of things a writer might confuse after so many years and with so many of his diaries lost or stolen.
I am not a huge reader of travel books, but I have read from famous wanders as distinct as Marco Polo, Sir Richard Burton, Samuel Clemens and Bill Bryson. The Travels is my first of the ancient Arabic travelers and I have at least two others in my sights.
Among my strongest impressions of this books is that
1. Ibn Battutah seemed to be traveling for the purpose of finding everywhere to be as alike in its Muslim practices and daily life as possible. He is never as comfortable in a land where life is not dictated by the same cycle of prayer and social custom. One can wonder why he looks so far if his hopes are to find things like back home.
2. While he set out alone and is ether stripped of all possessions by bandits or bereft of them by acts of nature, he seems to be able to access palaces and privileges even where he has no common language. Beginning with little more than his standing as a scholar and eventually as a Haji (one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca) there is always someone willing to give him money, letters of introduction, grants of judicial or other kinds of authority and even wives.
3. It seems that almost none of his possessions and personal entourage assembled along the way (remember he started alone) are in his possession upon his return.
4. While Marco Polo returns home to so much doubt about his stories, he was placed into a mental intuition, Ibn Battutah is able return with some social standing ultimately able to publish his travels as a member of the inner court in Morocco.
Hard for a modern to believe how little it took to be able to travel in style on little more than standing as a scholar. Clearly this was a very different world.
There was always the possibility of meeting violence on remote roads or the high seas, only rarely does he have to face down human dangers. Rarely does he do so alone. He leads or participates in several raids against criminals but only once was he so completely stripped of his accumulated wealth as to have him mention the occasion several times
I did enjoy The Travels. This was a world with only a few notions of tourism. Almost tourism was built around religious shrines and famous living saints and aesthetic religious mendicants. Court life place to place varies slightly, but Battutah routinely gives us the court gossip as well as his opinion of the local potentates.
To a degree unusual, my pleasure in reading The Travels is tied to the lovely little book. It is designed to fit into the hand. It take only some coordination to hold your page and flip to the footnotes for your chapter. The cover is a friendly sea foam blue, includes the always appreciated bookmark tassel The gilt page trim can cause pages to stick, but the effect is one of class. I was so taken by the cover of this book, it immediately jumped to the head of my TBR queue. The Macmillion Collector鈥檚 Library edition may not be the most complete version of The Travels; but it is physically a lovely edition. I finished my read as one might want to finish an exotic meal. Satisfied, having enjoyed a new palate of flavors; replete with no immediate need for more.
I am not a huge reader of travel books, but I have read from famous wanders as distinct as Marco Polo, Sir Richard Burton, Samuel Clemens and Bill Bryson. The Travels is my first of the ancient Arabic travelers and I have at least two others in my sights.
Among my strongest impressions of this books is that
1. Ibn Battutah seemed to be traveling for the purpose of finding everywhere to be as alike in its Muslim practices and daily life as possible. He is never as comfortable in a land where life is not dictated by the same cycle of prayer and social custom. One can wonder why he looks so far if his hopes are to find things like back home.
2. While he set out alone and is ether stripped of all possessions by bandits or bereft of them by acts of nature, he seems to be able to access palaces and privileges even where he has no common language. Beginning with little more than his standing as a scholar and eventually as a Haji (one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca) there is always someone willing to give him money, letters of introduction, grants of judicial or other kinds of authority and even wives.
3. It seems that almost none of his possessions and personal entourage assembled along the way (remember he started alone) are in his possession upon his return.
4. While Marco Polo returns home to so much doubt about his stories, he was placed into a mental intuition, Ibn Battutah is able return with some social standing ultimately able to publish his travels as a member of the inner court in Morocco.
Hard for a modern to believe how little it took to be able to travel in style on little more than standing as a scholar. Clearly this was a very different world.
There was always the possibility of meeting violence on remote roads or the high seas, only rarely does he have to face down human dangers. Rarely does he do so alone. He leads or participates in several raids against criminals but only once was he so completely stripped of his accumulated wealth as to have him mention the occasion several times
I did enjoy The Travels. This was a world with only a few notions of tourism. Almost tourism was built around religious shrines and famous living saints and aesthetic religious mendicants. Court life place to place varies slightly, but Battutah routinely gives us the court gossip as well as his opinion of the local potentates.
To a degree unusual, my pleasure in reading The Travels is tied to the lovely little book. It is designed to fit into the hand. It take only some coordination to hold your page and flip to the footnotes for your chapter. The cover is a friendly sea foam blue, includes the always appreciated bookmark tassel The gilt page trim can cause pages to stick, but the effect is one of class. I was so taken by the cover of this book, it immediately jumped to the head of my TBR queue. The Macmillion Collector鈥檚 Library edition may not be the most complete version of The Travels; but it is physically a lovely edition. I finished my read as one might want to finish an exotic meal. Satisfied, having enjoyed a new palate of flavors; replete with no immediate need for more.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 338 reviews
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get help and learn more about the design.