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螤蔚蟻喂渭苇谓慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰谓 螕魏慰谓蟿蠈
韦慰 谓伪 蟻蠅蟿萎蟽慰蠀渭蔚 蟺慰喂慰蟼 萎 蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 伪谓伪渭蔚谓蠈渭蔚谓慰蟼 螕魏慰谓蟿蠈 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 魏伪谓苇谓伪 谓蠈畏渭伪. 螣 螕魏慰谓蟿蠈 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿委蟺慰伪 维位位慰 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蠈谓慰渭伪 蟿慰蠀 纬蔚纬慰谓蠈蟿慰蟼 蠈蟿喂 畏 味蠅萎 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂委味蔚蟿伪喂 维蟽魏慰蟺伪 蟺伪蟻蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚蠉蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蟺伪蟻慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 蟽伪谓 芦伪谓伪渭慰谓萎禄, 萎 芦蟺蔚蟻喂渭苇谓慰谓蟿伪蟼 魏维蟿喂禄. 螚 胃蔚蟿喂魏萎 蟽蟿维蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 未蠉慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠋蟺蠅谓, 蟿慰蠀 螘蟽蟿蟻伪纬魏蠈谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 螔位伪未委渭畏蟻慰蠀, 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委, 蟿蔚位喂魏维, 渭喂伪 未喂蟺位萎 维蟻谓畏蟽畏: 蟺蟻蠈魏蔚喂蟿伪喂 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓喂魏伪谓蠈蟿畏蟿伪 谓伪 伪谓伪纬谓蠅蟻委蟽慰蠀谓 蟿畏 未委蠂蠅蟼 谓蠈畏渭伪 胃苇蟽畏 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螠维位喂蟽蟿伪, 畏 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委伪 伪蠀蟿萎 蔚蟺喂尾蔚尾伪喂蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂 魏伪喂 伪蟺蠈 蟿伪 位蠈纬喂伪 蟿慰蠀 委未喂慰蠀 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪, 慰 慰蟺慰委慰蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 蟺蔚喂 蟺蠅蟼 未蔚谓 蟿慰谓 蔚谓未喂伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 慰 螕魏慰谓蟿蠈, 蠈蟽慰 蟿慰 芦螤蔚蟻喂渭苇谓慰谓蟿伪蟼禄.
116 pages
First published January 1, 1951
2,567 people are currently reading
129k people want to read
About the author
Samuel Beckett
739听books6,335听followersSamuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet, who lived in France for most of his adult life. He wrote in both English and French. His work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human nature, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour.
Beckett is widely regarded as among the most influential writers of the 20th century. Strongly influenced by James Joyce, he is considered one of the last modernists. As an inspiration to many later writers, he is also sometimes considered one of the first postmodernists. He is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". His work became increasingly minimalist in his later career.
Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing, which鈥攊n new forms for the novel and drama鈥攊n the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". In 1984 he was elected Saoi of Aosd谩na.
Beckett is widely regarded as among the most influential writers of the 20th century. Strongly influenced by James Joyce, he is considered one of the last modernists. As an inspiration to many later writers, he is also sometimes considered one of the first postmodernists. He is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". His work became increasingly minimalist in his later career.
Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing, which鈥攊n new forms for the novel and drama鈥攊n the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". In 1984 he was elected Saoi of Aosd谩na.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 10,212 reviews
November 12, 2016
鈥淲hat happened?"
鈥淣othing happened.鈥�
鈥淲hy did nothing happen?
鈥淗ow would I know?鈥�
鈥淵ou would know.鈥�
鈥淚 would?鈥�
鈥渊别蝉.鈥�
鈥淗ow I would know?鈥�
鈥淏ecause you read it.鈥�
鈥淒id I?鈥�
鈥渊别蝉.鈥�
鈥淗ow do you know?鈥�
鈥淚t is on your shelf.鈥�
鈥沦辞?鈥�
鈥淵ou rated it.鈥�
鈥淲hat does it mean?鈥�
鈥淚t means you have read it.鈥�
鈥淥h I have.鈥�
鈥淪o what happened?鈥�
鈥淣othing happened.鈥�
鈥淲hy did nothing happen?鈥�
鈥淏ecause they were waiting for Godot.鈥�
Waiting and nothing 鈥� I could take these two words and use them in as many combinations as the rules of probability allow to create a 鈥榬eview鈥� that would be as much meaningful as it would be meaningless. I could draw upon the elusive symbolism of the text in the manner of a perspicacious hermeneut whose convoluted exegesis would only serve to frustrate him even more. Or like a blurb-writer I could summarise the four-and-a-half characters, the austere landscape, the leafless tree, the role of the taut rope and jangling bucket, and the heap of nonsense, but what would that achieve?
Suffice it to say that the sheer speed of the bare dialogue makes you want to slow down and look for something queer happening between the lines, but nothing happens. Or perhaps everything happens? You can look at from any number of angles and it adapts itself to your point of view. You can attach any meaning to the memorable symbolism and it helps you comprehend that meaning. You may hypothesize at will and the text will lend you a hand to prove it.
Beckett in his frugal minimalist brilliance paints a powerful imagery of an agitated self, a helpless being, a lonely traveller, in eternal yet meaningless wait, which life ultimately is, till we take the final leap into oblivion. The act of wait, which is an act of life, is given a comic dimension in the play. By the end the reader becomes one with the characters, waiting for things to happen, for something to happen, but nothing ever happens. Yet life happens.
I think it's impossible to review Waiting for Godot adequately, not even after a long and thorough analysis, because in that case one would be seeking directions where none exist.
The best review of the play is the one that is not written.
February '15
鈥淣othing happened.鈥�
鈥淲hy did nothing happen?
鈥淗ow would I know?鈥�
鈥淵ou would know.鈥�
鈥淚 would?鈥�
鈥渊别蝉.鈥�
鈥淗ow I would know?鈥�
鈥淏ecause you read it.鈥�
鈥淒id I?鈥�
鈥渊别蝉.鈥�
鈥淗ow do you know?鈥�
鈥淚t is on your shelf.鈥�
鈥沦辞?鈥�
鈥淵ou rated it.鈥�
鈥淲hat does it mean?鈥�
鈥淚t means you have read it.鈥�
鈥淥h I have.鈥�
鈥淪o what happened?鈥�
鈥淣othing happened.鈥�
鈥淲hy did nothing happen?鈥�
鈥淏ecause they were waiting for Godot.鈥�
Waiting and nothing 鈥� I could take these two words and use them in as many combinations as the rules of probability allow to create a 鈥榬eview鈥� that would be as much meaningful as it would be meaningless. I could draw upon the elusive symbolism of the text in the manner of a perspicacious hermeneut whose convoluted exegesis would only serve to frustrate him even more. Or like a blurb-writer I could summarise the four-and-a-half characters, the austere landscape, the leafless tree, the role of the taut rope and jangling bucket, and the heap of nonsense, but what would that achieve?
Suffice it to say that the sheer speed of the bare dialogue makes you want to slow down and look for something queer happening between the lines, but nothing happens. Or perhaps everything happens? You can look at from any number of angles and it adapts itself to your point of view. You can attach any meaning to the memorable symbolism and it helps you comprehend that meaning. You may hypothesize at will and the text will lend you a hand to prove it.
Beckett in his frugal minimalist brilliance paints a powerful imagery of an agitated self, a helpless being, a lonely traveller, in eternal yet meaningless wait, which life ultimately is, till we take the final leap into oblivion. The act of wait, which is an act of life, is given a comic dimension in the play. By the end the reader becomes one with the characters, waiting for things to happen, for something to happen, but nothing ever happens. Yet life happens.
I think it's impossible to review Waiting for Godot adequately, not even after a long and thorough analysis, because in that case one would be seeking directions where none exist.
The best review of the play is the one that is not written.
February '15
September 23, 2014
ACT III
VLADIMIR: They've called us back.
ESTRAGON: For an encore?
VLADIMIR: No, we're supposed to say what it means.
[A pause]
ESTRAGON: What what means?
VLADIMIR: This play! We have to explain it.
ESTRAGON: And then?
VLADIMIR: [discouraged] I don't know. Maybe Godot will arrive. But again, maybe he won't. He's not very reliable. [Another pause] Still, we can try.
[They both think deeply]
VLADIMIR: Any ideas yet?
ESTRAGON: My boots don't fit. My feet hurt.
VLADIMIR: [furious] Idiot! This isn't about your boots. We're talking meaning here! Philosophy!
ESTRAGON: Sorry.
[They continue to think. Enter POZZO and LUCKY]
VLADIMIR: Ah! How fortunate. Maybe you can explain the meaning of this play?
POZZO: My sight has been miraculously restored.
VLADIMIR: Oh! Good. But...
POZZO: Lucky!
[LUCKY moves center stage, and begins mumbling in a flat monotone voice]
LUCKY: Man's search for himself in an inhospitable cosmos... absurdity of all human action... black humour... marked by his wartime experiences...
[POZZO punches him, knocking LUCKY down]
LUCKY: [writhing on the ground] ...shifting relationship between the signifier and the signified...
[POZZO continues to kick him savagely]
LUCKY: [gasping] ... diff茅rance... impossibility of interpretation... semiotics... encoding... oh fuck!... fuck!... please stop kicking me! I don't know! I don't know!
POZZO: [finally smiling] That's better.
VLADIMIR: They've called us back.
ESTRAGON: For an encore?
VLADIMIR: No, we're supposed to say what it means.
[A pause]
ESTRAGON: What what means?
VLADIMIR: This play! We have to explain it.
ESTRAGON: And then?
VLADIMIR: [discouraged] I don't know. Maybe Godot will arrive. But again, maybe he won't. He's not very reliable. [Another pause] Still, we can try.
[They both think deeply]
VLADIMIR: Any ideas yet?
ESTRAGON: My boots don't fit. My feet hurt.
VLADIMIR: [furious] Idiot! This isn't about your boots. We're talking meaning here! Philosophy!
ESTRAGON: Sorry.
[They continue to think. Enter POZZO and LUCKY]
VLADIMIR: Ah! How fortunate. Maybe you can explain the meaning of this play?
POZZO: My sight has been miraculously restored.
VLADIMIR: Oh! Good. But...
POZZO: Lucky!
[LUCKY moves center stage, and begins mumbling in a flat monotone voice]
LUCKY: Man's search for himself in an inhospitable cosmos... absurdity of all human action... black humour... marked by his wartime experiences...
[POZZO punches him, knocking LUCKY down]
LUCKY: [writhing on the ground] ...shifting relationship between the signifier and the signified...
[POZZO continues to kick him savagely]
LUCKY: [gasping] ... diff茅rance... impossibility of interpretation... semiotics... encoding... oh fuck!... fuck!... please stop kicking me! I don't know! I don't know!
POZZO: [finally smiling] That's better.
January 29, 2019
One of the most entertaining and uplifting stories you will ever come across. Every time I get done with this read I feel wonderful and inspired. Why? Because Beckett sees the truth about being human: there is Nothing to be done. And laughter is such a potent weapon against despair.
August 6, 2021
En Attendant Godot = Waiting for Godot, Samuel Beckett
Waiting for Godot is a play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), wait for the arrival of someone named Godot, who never arrives, and while waiting they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters.
Waiting for Godot is Beckett's translation of his own original French-language play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled (in English only) "a tragicomedy in two acts". ...
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵禄貨 芦丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 爻賵诏禺賳丿賳丕賲賴 丿乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴禄貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
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倬爻 丕夭 禺乇賵噩 芦倬賵夭賵禄貙 芦丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳禄 賲蹖鈥屫堌жㄘ� 賴賲丕賳 倬爻乇亘趩賴 蹖 倬乇丿賴 蹖 丕賵賱 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇禄 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 芦诏賵丿賵禄 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿貙 賵 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呚� 讴賴 芦诏賵丿賵禄 賲乇丿蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇蹖卮 爻賮蹖丿 丿丕乇丿貨 倬爻乇亘趩賴 丕毓賱丕賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�: 芦诏賵丿賵 丕賲卮亘 賳賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 賵賱蹖 丨鬲賲丕賸 賮乇丿丕 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲丿禄貨 芦诏賵诏賵禄 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿爻鬲 丕夭 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 亘乇丿丕乇賳丿 蹖丕 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴賳賳丿貨 亘賴 丿乇禺鬲 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 芦丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳禄 胤賳丕亘 賳丕夭讴蹖 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 讴賲乇亘賳丿 亘賴 讴賲乇卮 亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲 乇丕貙 丿乇賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 胤賳丕亘 亘賴 賯丿乇 讴丕賮蹖 賲丨讴賲 賳蹖爻鬲貨 丿賵 賲乇丿 鬲氐賲蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀� 亘乇賵賳丿 丕賲丕 鬲讴丕賳 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌辟嗀� 卮亘 賮乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 賲丕賴 丿乇 丕賳鬲賴丕蹖 氐丨賳賴 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫③屫�.禄貨 ...貨
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 02/06/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 14/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
Waiting for Godot is a play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), wait for the arrival of someone named Godot, who never arrives, and while waiting they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters.
Waiting for Godot is Beckett's translation of his own original French-language play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled (in English only) "a tragicomedy in two acts". ...
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵禄貨 芦丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 爻賵诏禺賳丿賳丕賲賴 丿乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴禄貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 爻毓蹖丿 丕蹖賲丕賳蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 丕卮乇賮蹖貙 1346貙 丿乇 210氐貙 賲氐賵乇貙 賮乇賵爻鬲 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 毓氐乇 賲丕貙 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖乇賱賳丿 - 爻丿賴 20賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲氐胤賮蹖 毓丕亘丿蹖賳蹖 賮乇丿貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 讴賱蹖丿乇貙 1380貙 丿乇 163氐貙 卮丕亘讴 9649250662貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 毓賱蹖 丕讴亘乇 毓賱蹖夭丕丿貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賲丕讴丕賳貙 1381貙 丿乇 165氐貙 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 蹖讴 賲賯丕賱賴 丕夭 讴賱賵丿 卮賵賲丕禺乇貙 讴鬲丕亘 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴貙 丿乇 爻丕賱 1387賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴賲蹖賳 賲鬲乇噩賲 乇丕 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 亘蹖丿诏賱 丿乇 188氐 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲
毓賳賵丕賳: 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 毓賱蹖 亘丕卮貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 倬蹖丕賲 丕賲乇賵夭貙 1388貙 丿乇 128 氐貙 卮丕亘讴: 9789645706423貨 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴
毓賳賵丕賳: 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 爻賵诏禺賳丿賳丕賲賴 丿乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴貨 丕孬乇: 爻丕賲賵卅賱 亘讴鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 丕氐睾乇 乇爻鬲诏丕乇貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳诏丕賴貙 1392貙 丿乇 150氐貙 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴
噩賳丕亘丕賳 丌賯丕蹖丕賳: 爻蹖乇賵爻 胤丕賴亘丕夭貙 丿丕賵賵丿 乇卮蹖丿蹖 賵 賳噩賮 丿乇蹖丕亘賳丿蹖 賳蹖夭 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇丕 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿
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倬爻 丕夭 禺乇賵噩 芦倬賵夭賵禄貙 芦丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳禄 賲蹖鈥屫堌жㄘ� 賴賲丕賳 倬爻乇亘趩賴 蹖 倬乇丿賴 蹖 丕賵賱 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇禄 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 芦诏賵丿賵禄 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿貙 賵 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呚� 讴賴 芦诏賵丿賵禄 賲乇丿蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 乇蹖卮 爻賮蹖丿 丿丕乇丿貨 倬爻乇亘趩賴 丕毓賱丕賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�: 芦诏賵丿賵 丕賲卮亘 賳賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 賵賱蹖 丨鬲賲丕賸 賮乇丿丕 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲丿禄貨 芦诏賵诏賵禄 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿爻鬲 丕夭 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 亘乇丿丕乇賳丿 蹖丕 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴賳賳丿貨 亘賴 丿乇禺鬲 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 芦丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳禄 胤賳丕亘 賳丕夭讴蹖 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 讴賲乇亘賳丿 亘賴 讴賲乇卮 亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲 乇丕貙 丿乇賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 胤賳丕亘 亘賴 賯丿乇 讴丕賮蹖 賲丨讴賲 賳蹖爻鬲貨 丿賵 賲乇丿 鬲氐賲蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀� 亘乇賵賳丿 丕賲丕 鬲讴丕賳 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌辟嗀� 卮亘 賮乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 賲丕賴 丿乇 丕賳鬲賴丕蹖 氐丨賳賴 亘丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫③屫�.禄貨 ...貨
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 02/06/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 14/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
November 13, 2018
Who wants to see a play in which nothing happens? Who wants to see a play in which the characters make little or no sense? Who wants to see a play in which the same senseless nothingness is repeated in the second and only other act? Not me that鈥檚 for sure. I honestly don鈥檛 think I could sit through a production of this, but that doesn鈥檛 mean I can鈥檛 appreciate its artistic merit on the page.
Nothing happens, but that is the beauty of it.
A famous theatre reviewer once said 鈥渢his is a play in which nothing happens, twice.鈥� He was right, of course, but at the same time recognised the brilliance of the play. The fact that nothing happens is the reason why this play is so clever and tragic. The characters are stuck in this cycle of nothingness; they are destined to spend each day waiting for the mysterious entity known as Godot. He never comes. If nothingness didn鈥檛 happen twice then we, as the audience, would be unaware of this fact and, consequently, be ignorant to the tragic brilliance of the play.
鈥淓STRAGON: I can't go on like this.
VLADIMIR: That's what you think.鈥�
Indeed, the plot is bizarrely simple: two men Vladimir and Estragon are simply waiting for Godot. They don鈥檛 remember why they are waiting or even who this Godot character is. They just know that they must wait. Whilst they wait they encounter two equally as strange characters, Pozzo and Lucky. Lucky is Pozzo鈥檚 slave for no apparent reason and the two seem completely dependent on each other like Vladimir and Estragon are themselves. The four engage in a weird and perplexing conversation, and then go about their business. The next act is very similar to the first.
Beckett breaks the rules
The play belongs to the absurdist theatre branch, which challenges the conventions of the realism theatre of the ninetieth and early twentieth centuries; it does the exact opposite to what was considered a well-made play. The characters carry out a chain of repetitive and mundane dialogue, which is completely devoid of any concreate meaning. There are no geographical or historical specifications as the dialogue is reduced down to a series of pointless statements. We have no idea where these characters are or where they鈥檝e come from. The play appears illogical and rich in purposelessness, but it is utterly brilliant; it was something completely 鈥渙ut there鈥� at the time, and still is really.
鈥淓stragon: We always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression we exist?
Vladimir: Yes, yes, we're magicians.鈥�
In all honestly this play is excruciating to read; it is completely awful in parts and frustrating, but the idea Samuel Beckett conveys at the same time is grand; it makes up for the torture he has put you through as you look back and realise what he has achieved: you look back and understand why he has broken all the conventions and wrote a play that is as absurd as it is genius. By doing so he has recognised the strange absurdity that is human existence, and questioned the purposelessness of this thing we call life. He has created a Tragedy, as great as any that came before it, by using the most unconventional of methods.
I could never give this a five star rating because it is just too painful to read regardless of what it achieves. However, to ignore the artistic merit of the play would be an act of pure self-conceiting ignorance. As Estragon says:
鈥淓stragon: People are bloody ignorant apes.鈥�
I will never read this again, or ever go to watch it at a theatre, but it is something I look back on and say 鈥渨hat a brilliant idea鈥� even if I found the reading process quite painful and dull.
Nothing happens, but that is the beauty of it.
A famous theatre reviewer once said 鈥渢his is a play in which nothing happens, twice.鈥� He was right, of course, but at the same time recognised the brilliance of the play. The fact that nothing happens is the reason why this play is so clever and tragic. The characters are stuck in this cycle of nothingness; they are destined to spend each day waiting for the mysterious entity known as Godot. He never comes. If nothingness didn鈥檛 happen twice then we, as the audience, would be unaware of this fact and, consequently, be ignorant to the tragic brilliance of the play.
鈥淓STRAGON: I can't go on like this.
VLADIMIR: That's what you think.鈥�
Indeed, the plot is bizarrely simple: two men Vladimir and Estragon are simply waiting for Godot. They don鈥檛 remember why they are waiting or even who this Godot character is. They just know that they must wait. Whilst they wait they encounter two equally as strange characters, Pozzo and Lucky. Lucky is Pozzo鈥檚 slave for no apparent reason and the two seem completely dependent on each other like Vladimir and Estragon are themselves. The four engage in a weird and perplexing conversation, and then go about their business. The next act is very similar to the first.
Beckett breaks the rules
The play belongs to the absurdist theatre branch, which challenges the conventions of the realism theatre of the ninetieth and early twentieth centuries; it does the exact opposite to what was considered a well-made play. The characters carry out a chain of repetitive and mundane dialogue, which is completely devoid of any concreate meaning. There are no geographical or historical specifications as the dialogue is reduced down to a series of pointless statements. We have no idea where these characters are or where they鈥檝e come from. The play appears illogical and rich in purposelessness, but it is utterly brilliant; it was something completely 鈥渙ut there鈥� at the time, and still is really.
鈥淓stragon: We always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression we exist?
Vladimir: Yes, yes, we're magicians.鈥�
In all honestly this play is excruciating to read; it is completely awful in parts and frustrating, but the idea Samuel Beckett conveys at the same time is grand; it makes up for the torture he has put you through as you look back and realise what he has achieved: you look back and understand why he has broken all the conventions and wrote a play that is as absurd as it is genius. By doing so he has recognised the strange absurdity that is human existence, and questioned the purposelessness of this thing we call life. He has created a Tragedy, as great as any that came before it, by using the most unconventional of methods.
I could never give this a five star rating because it is just too painful to read regardless of what it achieves. However, to ignore the artistic merit of the play would be an act of pure self-conceiting ignorance. As Estragon says:
鈥淓stragon: People are bloody ignorant apes.鈥�
I will never read this again, or ever go to watch it at a theatre, but it is something I look back on and say 鈥渨hat a brilliant idea鈥� even if I found the reading process quite painful and dull.
February 17, 2021
We are no longer alone, waiting for 鈥巘he night, waiting for Godot, waiting 鈥巉or鈥� waiting.
賰賱 卮賷亍 賴賳丕 賷鬲丕賮乇 賱賷毓胤賷賰 賳鬲賷噩丞 賵丕丨丿丞 鈥�
賱丕 禺賱丕氐
賱丕 禺賱丕氐 賲賳 兀賷 賳賵毓
廿賳賰 賲丨丕氐乇.. 賲賯賷丿.. 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱賴乇亘
賮兀賳鬲 兀氐賱丕 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丨乇賰丞
丿賲丕睾賰 賲丨氐賵乇 亘兀賮賰丕乇 賲毓賷賳丞
鬲賯賷丿賰 賯亘賱 兀賳 鬲爻賲丨 賱賰 亘丕賱鬲賲毓賳 賮賷賲丕 丨賵賱賰
賱鬲丿乇賰 兀賳賰 毓丕噩夭 毓賳 丕賱鬲丨賰賲 亘兀亘爻胤 兀賲賵乇 丨賷丕鬲賰鈥�
賰賲丕 亘兀賰孬乇賴丕 鬲毓賯賷丿丕
賱丕 禺賱丕氐
丨鬲賶 丕賱丕賳鬲丨丕乇.. 賲爻鬲丨賷賱
:::::::::::
賰賱賳丕 賳賳鬲馗乇 噩賵丿賵
丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲
丕賱噩賲赖賵乇
丕賱賯乇丕亍
賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賳賮爻賴
賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賷賳鬲馗乇
毓丕賱賲丕 賵毓丕賱賲賷賳 噩賲賷毓丕 兀賳賴 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 亘賱丕 胤丕卅賱
廿賳賴 鬲毓夭賷夭 兀賰亘乇 賱賱丕卮賷亍 鈥�
丕賱賱丕兀賲賱 賵 丕賱賱丕賷兀爻 鈥�
丕賱賲賰賵孬 毓賱賶 丨丕賮丞 丕賱丨賷丕丞 鈥�
丕賱賱丕賲噩賴賵賱 賵丕賱匕賷 賴賵 賲毓 匕賱賰 賲丐賱賲 賵賮丕噩毓鈥�
賵賳丨賳 賱丕 賳毓乇賮 噩賵丿賵 鈥�
賱丕 賳毓乇賮 毓賳賴 卮賷卅賸丕
賱丕 賳毓乇賮 爻亘亘 丕賳鬲馗丕乇賴賲 賱賴
賵賱賰賳賳丕 賱丕 賳賮鬲兀 賳賳鬲馗乇
賮賲丕 鬲賮毓賱賴 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 賴賵 亘丿賵賳 睾丕賷丞
亘丕賱囟亘胤 賰賲丕 賳賮毓賱 賳丨賳
賰賲丕 賷賮毓賱 噩賲賷毓 丕賱亘卮乇 鈥�
賴乇丕亍 賳爻亘丨 亘丿丕禺賱賴 噩賲賷毓丕
賵廿丨亘丕胤 賷爻賷胤乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 禺胤賵丞 賷禺胤賵賴丕 亘卮乇賷 毓亘乇 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺鈥�
毓丿賲 賵賮乇丕睾
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噩賲丕賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賷賰賲賳 賮賷 兀賳賴丕 鬲賱賯賶 賮賷 兀賳賮爻賳丕 亘毓丿 毓賯賵丿 賳賮爻 鈥徹з勜地� 鈥�
亘賷賳賲丕 賵噩賴鬲 兀爻丕爻丕 賱噩賷賱 鬲毓匕亘 亘賵賷賱丕鬲 丕賱丨乇亘
賲賳 禺乇丕亘 賵賮賵囟賶
賱鬲爻賲賵 賮賵賯 丕賱禺丕氐
賵鬲卮賲賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丕卅乇 亘賲毓賳丕賴 丕賱兀毓賲 賵丕賱兀卮賲賱
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鈥�"廿爻鬲乇丕噩賵賳 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇囟.. 賷賳鬲賲賷 賱賱丨噩乇鈥�
鈥� 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賴賵 丕賱囟賵亍.. 賷鬲噩賴 賱賱爻賲丕亍"鈥�
鈥� 廿爻鬲乇丕噩賵賳 賵賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賴賲丕 亘胤賱丕 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷賷賳鈥�
賷賲孬賱丕賳 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘賵噩賴賷賴
丕賱噩爻丿 賵丕賱毓賯賱鈥�
廿爻鬲乇丕噩賵賳 賲賴賵賵爻 亘丨匕丕卅賴
亘賷賳賲丕 賳噩丿 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賲賴賵賵爻丕 亘賯亘毓鬲賴
廿爻鬲乇丕噩賵賳 "賲賳卮睾賱 亘丕賱噩爻賲丕賳賷丞.. 亘丕賱兀乇囟"鈥�
亘賷賳賲丕 賷賮賰乇 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇
"賵賴賵 賲賳 "賷鬲兀賲賱 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱夭賲賳
賵賱賰賳 廿賱丕賲 兀賵氐賱鬲賴 丿賲丕睾賴
賵廿賱賶 兀賷賳 匕賴亘鬲 亘賴 兀賮賰丕乇賴
賱賱 賱丕卮賷亍
賮賴賵 賲賳 賷匕賰乇 廿爻鬲乇丕噩賵賳 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞
亘兀賳賴賲丕 賴賳丕 賮賷 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷兀鬲賷
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鈥� 鈥徺娯娰勝嗀� 亘賷賰賷鬲 賰匕賱賰 廿賱賶 賮賰乇丞 丕賱丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿
賮卮禺氐賷丞 賱丕賰賷 鬲亘丿賵 賲囟胤賴丿丞 兀賲丕賲 丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 亘賵夭賵
丕賱丿賷賰鬲丕鬲賵乇 丕賱廿賯胤丕毓賷 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲賲鬲毓 亘鬲毓匕賷亘賴 賱卮禺氐 賲爻賰賷賳
賱丕 賷賲賱賰 毓賳 賳賮爻賴 丿賮丕毓丕
賮賷 兀丨賷丕賳 賰孬賷乇丞 賰賳鬲 兀卮毓乇 兀賳 丕賱丨亘賱 丕賱匕賷 賷噩乇賴 亘賵夭賵 亘賴 賲賳 乇賯亘鬲賴
賷賲鬲丿 賱賷賱鬲賮 丨賵賱 乇賯亘鬲賷 兀賳丕
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鬲賲囟賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賲丕 亘賷賳 氐賲鬲 賰氐賲鬲 丕賱賯亘賵乇
賵孬乇孬乇丞 禺丕賵賷丞 賱丕 胤丕卅賱 賲賳賴丕
鬲賰乇丕乇 丕賱噩賲賱.. 賵毓賯賲 丕賱丨賵丕乇
賵毓亘孬賷鬲賴 鬲賱賰 賴賷 噩夭亍 賲賳 丕賱賮賵囟賶 丕賱賰亘乇賶 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴丿丿 丕賱亘卮乇鈥�
賱鬲賯囟賷 毓賱賷賴賲 丿賵賳 兀賳 賷爻鬲胤賷毓賵賳 賲賳賴丕 賮賰丕賰丕
賰賱 卮賷亍 賲氐丕亘 亘丕賱禺賱賱
丕賱禺賵賮 賵丕賱丕囟胤乇丕亘 賷爻賷胤乇 毓賱賶 丕賱噩賲賷毓
賵丕賱賲賱賱 賷賳賴賷 賰賱 賲丕 鬲亘賯賶 賲賳 兀賲賱
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兀賳鬲賲 賷丕 賲賳 賳鬲賳馗乇賵賳 丕賱賱丕卮賷亍
鬲賵賯賮賵丕 毓賳 丕賱丕賳鬲馗丕乇
爻卅賲賳丕 丕爻鬲爻賱丕賲賰賲 賱賱毓丿賲
賵鬲賲爻賰賰賲 亘賰賱 禺賷胤 賵丕賴 爻乇毓丕賳 賲丕 賷賳賯胤毓
鬲賵賯賮賵丕 毓賳 丕賱丕賳鬲馗丕乇
賱賳 賷丕鬲賷
賱賳 賷兀鬲賷
..
November 22, 2022
丕"賱丕 卮賷亍 賷丨丿孬 賵 賱丕 丕丨丿 賷噩賷亍 "賴匕丕 賴賵 亘廿禺鬲氐丕乇 賮丨賵賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲乇丕噩賷丿賷丞 丕賱賲囟丨賰丞!責
爻賷馗賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賲賳鬲馗乇丕 賱賱兀亘丿 賱丕賷 卮賷亍
..丕賱毓丿賱..丕賱孬乇丕亍..丕賱賳氐乇..丕賵 丕賱賲禺鬲丕乇 丕賱匕賷 爻賷噩賱亘 賲毓賴 丕賱爻毓丕丿丞.. 丕賱賷爻 賴匕丕 賴賵 丨丕賱 丕賱亘卮乇責責
丕丨賯丕賯丕 賱賱丨賯...丕乇賶 丕賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲馃幁 賱丕亘丿 兀賳 賳卮丕賴丿賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賮賯胤..賱丕 賱賰賷 賳賯乇兀賴丕 兀賵 丨鬲賶 賳卮丕賴丿賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲...賵賱賰賳 賱丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 丕賱毓亘孬賷丞 丕丨鬲賱鬲 丕賱賲乇賰夭 丕賱兀賵賱 亘賷賳 賲丕 鬲賲 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 亘丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳20..賯乇兀鬲賴丕...鬲毓噩亘鬲 賯賱賷賱丕 賲賳 兀爻賱賵亘賴丕 丕賱睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮..爻賷賱 賲賳 丕賱孬乇孬乇丞 丕賱睾賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷丞
賵賱賰賳賷 囟亘胤鬲 賳賮爻賷 丕爻鬲毓賲賱 丕爻賲 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賷 丕賱賷賵賲賷丞 賲乇丕乇丕..馃憖
賮丿丕卅賲丕 賳噩丿 丕賳賮爻賳丕 賲氐胤丿賲賷賳 賲毓 兀卮禺丕氐 毓賱賶 賳賲胤 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賵氐丿賷賯賴 丕賱賲賳鬲馗乇賷賳 賱賱兀亘丿 ( 賱噩賵丿賵 )丕賱匕賷 賱賳 賷兀鬲賷 丕亘丿丕..賵賱賳 賷丨賵賱 丨賷丕丞 丕丨丿 賱賱丕賮囟賱
亘賱 賵賯丿 賷丕鬲賷 毓賱賶 賳賲胤( 毓賵丿丞 丕賱丕亘賳 丕賱囟丕賱) 丕
.. 賵賱賳 丕丨賲賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 乇賲賵夭丕 丿賷賳賷丞 丕賵 睾賷乇賴丕.. 亘爻亘亘 丕賱丕爻賲
Godot
亘賱 丕鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱賵丕囟丨丞 丕賱賲噩乇丿丞..賯丿 鬲賰賵賳 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕賱禺賱丕氐..丕賱廿卮亘丕毓..丕賱爻毓丕丿丞....丕賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱賲賵鬲
賵 賱賰賳 賲賳 丕丨丿賶 賰亘丕乇 丕賱賲毓噩亘丕鬲 亘毓丕賱賲 丕賱爻丨乇 賵丕賱禺賷丕賱 ..丕丐賰丿 丕賳賴 賱丕 賵噩賵丿 賲胤賱賯丕 賱賴匕丕 "丕賱爻丕丨乇"丕賱匕賷 賷噩賷亍 賱賷丨賵賱 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 賱賱丕賮囟賱 ..
爻賷馗賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賲賳鬲馗乇丕 賱賱兀亘丿 賱丕賷 卮賷亍
..丕賱毓丿賱..丕賱孬乇丕亍..丕賱賳氐乇..丕賵 丕賱賲禺鬲丕乇 丕賱匕賷 爻賷噩賱亘 賲毓賴 丕賱爻毓丕丿丞.. 丕賱賷爻 賴匕丕 賴賵 丨丕賱 丕賱亘卮乇責責
丕丨賯丕賯丕 賱賱丨賯...丕乇賶 丕賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲馃幁 賱丕亘丿 兀賳 賳卮丕賴丿賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻乇丨 賮賯胤..賱丕 賱賰賷 賳賯乇兀賴丕 兀賵 丨鬲賶 賳卮丕賴丿賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲...賵賱賰賳 賱丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 丕賱毓亘孬賷丞 丕丨鬲賱鬲 丕賱賲乇賰夭 丕賱兀賵賱 亘賷賳 賲丕 鬲賲 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 亘丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳20..賯乇兀鬲賴丕...鬲毓噩亘鬲 賯賱賷賱丕 賲賳 兀爻賱賵亘賴丕 丕賱睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮..爻賷賱 賲賳 丕賱孬乇孬乇丞 丕賱睾賷乇 賲賳胤賯賷丞
賵賱賰賳賷 囟亘胤鬲 賳賮爻賷 丕爻鬲毓賲賱 丕爻賲 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賷 丕賱賷賵賲賷丞 賲乇丕乇丕..馃憖
賮丿丕卅賲丕 賳噩丿 丕賳賮爻賳丕 賲氐胤丿賲賷賳 賲毓 兀卮禺丕氐 毓賱賶 賳賲胤 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賵氐丿賷賯賴 丕賱賲賳鬲馗乇賷賳 賱賱兀亘丿 ( 賱噩賵丿賵 )丕賱匕賷 賱賳 賷兀鬲賷 丕亘丿丕..賵賱賳 賷丨賵賱 丨賷丕丞 丕丨丿 賱賱丕賮囟賱
亘賱 賵賯丿 賷丕鬲賷 毓賱賶 賳賲胤( 毓賵丿丞 丕賱丕亘賳 丕賱囟丕賱) 丕
.. 賵賱賳 丕丨賲賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 乇賲賵夭丕 丿賷賳賷丞 丕賵 睾賷乇賴丕.. 亘爻亘亘 丕賱丕爻賲
Godot
亘賱 丕鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱賵丕囟丨丞 丕賱賲噩乇丿丞..賯丿 鬲賰賵賳 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕賱禺賱丕氐..丕賱廿卮亘丕毓..丕賱爻毓丕丿丞....丕賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱賲賵鬲
賵 賱賰賳 賲賳 丕丨丿賶 賰亘丕乇 丕賱賲毓噩亘丕鬲 亘毓丕賱賲 丕賱爻丨乇 賵丕賱禺賷丕賱 ..丕丐賰丿 丕賳賴 賱丕 賵噩賵丿 賲胤賱賯丕 賱賴匕丕 "丕賱爻丕丨乇"丕賱匕賷 賷噩賷亍 賱賷丨賵賱 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 賱賱丕賮囟賱 ..
May 4, 2025
When he wrote Godot, Samuel Beckett was setting out to Flatten his self and its native habitat into a thin strip of organic material, much as a biologist would slice a strip of life paper-thin, in order to prepare a glass slide for his microscope.
Next, Beckett applied the reductionism of a modern Occam鈥檚 Razor (the KISS Principle: 鈥榢eep it simple, stupid!鈥�) to his belief that the universe is absurd.
Henceforth all meaning would become for him and his audience a reductio ad absurdem into sharp Meaninglessness.
Now, it鈥檚 funny - but I just realized tonight that I often take a Bachelardian turn with my reviews, and turn the irreducibly hard and fractious facts of my daily life into the soft butter of r锚verie through the mediation of imagination and dreaming. That鈥檚 my Asperger鈥檚 speaking.
I was, you see, wondering how to pound the irr茅fragable walnut of Beckett into digestible bite-sized morsels. For Beckett - and Godot - are notoriously hard nuts to crack, even if sliced paper-thin. His iron will was irr茅fragable, as is mine.
So for starters, I turned to memories of James Knowlson鈥檚 authorized (Beckett himself blessed it) biography of the Grand Old Absurdist...
In it, we learn a key clue to Godot: Beckett, unlike so many of us avidly introverted readers, was a hard-edged extroverted egghead. He liked his beer blasts during his beloved boys' nights out!
Think of Bertrand Russell.
Like Beckett, he was an extroverted intellectual who worked fiendishly to forget life鈥檚 prickly pains and aporias.
Extroverts seem perhaps to have turned out that way largely in an effort to forget private painful emotions.
And Beckett, perhaps similarly to Russell, felt suffocated by the rowdily demonstrative emotions of his Irish family.
So like Stephen Dedalus, he created an escape world of pure intellect. Emotionally, he was running on empty.
Vladimir and Estragon are also running on empty.
They see life as a hopeless dead end. Their affective foils, Pozzo and Lucky, live a sadomasochistic tragicomedy that, because of its emotion, nevertheless always contains hope.
Vladimir and Estragon are extroverted intellectuals who agree with Voltaire when he said life is a comedy to those who think, but a tragedy to those who feel.
Lucky and Pozzo would only respond that life is fullness to those who feel, but emptiness to those who think.
The epochal director Werner Herzog once made a brief film about the deranged Antarctic penguins who abandon their happy friends to venture alone, deep within the subcontinent to certain death. Like Ulysses' fabled Second Voyage.
Who鈥檚 right? All depends which side of the fence you鈥檙e sitting on. I'm not an intellectual penguin either (I take my Happy Pills on schedule)!
As for me, I鈥檓 mostly a Lucky, who鈥檚 never given up on life no matter HOW much it hurts. That was the Lord鈥檚 way too.
You have to keep moving upward, He tells us. And moreover, nihilism is a sinkhole - an aporetic Slough of Despond. And Herzog and Beckett knew that, but kept travelling into the emptiness within. Are they right?
I think I鈥檒l follow the LORD's way out of this mess, rather than indulge in Beckett鈥檚 hollow laughter, on his endless inner voyage -
ANY DAY.
Even though I share Beckett鈥檚 flattened but steely simplified self...
For that is the penultimate step before realising the End is Endless -
And eternal, insofar as we give up our unending pursuit of an ultimate impregnable position of rest.
Next, Beckett applied the reductionism of a modern Occam鈥檚 Razor (the KISS Principle: 鈥榢eep it simple, stupid!鈥�) to his belief that the universe is absurd.
Henceforth all meaning would become for him and his audience a reductio ad absurdem into sharp Meaninglessness.
Now, it鈥檚 funny - but I just realized tonight that I often take a Bachelardian turn with my reviews, and turn the irreducibly hard and fractious facts of my daily life into the soft butter of r锚verie through the mediation of imagination and dreaming. That鈥檚 my Asperger鈥檚 speaking.
I was, you see, wondering how to pound the irr茅fragable walnut of Beckett into digestible bite-sized morsels. For Beckett - and Godot - are notoriously hard nuts to crack, even if sliced paper-thin. His iron will was irr茅fragable, as is mine.
So for starters, I turned to memories of James Knowlson鈥檚 authorized (Beckett himself blessed it) biography of the Grand Old Absurdist...
In it, we learn a key clue to Godot: Beckett, unlike so many of us avidly introverted readers, was a hard-edged extroverted egghead. He liked his beer blasts during his beloved boys' nights out!
Think of Bertrand Russell.
Like Beckett, he was an extroverted intellectual who worked fiendishly to forget life鈥檚 prickly pains and aporias.
Extroverts seem perhaps to have turned out that way largely in an effort to forget private painful emotions.
And Beckett, perhaps similarly to Russell, felt suffocated by the rowdily demonstrative emotions of his Irish family.
So like Stephen Dedalus, he created an escape world of pure intellect. Emotionally, he was running on empty.
Vladimir and Estragon are also running on empty.
They see life as a hopeless dead end. Their affective foils, Pozzo and Lucky, live a sadomasochistic tragicomedy that, because of its emotion, nevertheless always contains hope.
Vladimir and Estragon are extroverted intellectuals who agree with Voltaire when he said life is a comedy to those who think, but a tragedy to those who feel.
Lucky and Pozzo would only respond that life is fullness to those who feel, but emptiness to those who think.
The epochal director Werner Herzog once made a brief film about the deranged Antarctic penguins who abandon their happy friends to venture alone, deep within the subcontinent to certain death. Like Ulysses' fabled Second Voyage.
Who鈥檚 right? All depends which side of the fence you鈥檙e sitting on. I'm not an intellectual penguin either (I take my Happy Pills on schedule)!
As for me, I鈥檓 mostly a Lucky, who鈥檚 never given up on life no matter HOW much it hurts. That was the Lord鈥檚 way too.
You have to keep moving upward, He tells us. And moreover, nihilism is a sinkhole - an aporetic Slough of Despond. And Herzog and Beckett knew that, but kept travelling into the emptiness within. Are they right?
I think I鈥檒l follow the LORD's way out of this mess, rather than indulge in Beckett鈥檚 hollow laughter, on his endless inner voyage -
ANY DAY.
Even though I share Beckett鈥檚 flattened but steely simplified self...
For that is the penultimate step before realising the End is Endless -
And eternal, insofar as we give up our unending pursuit of an ultimate impregnable position of rest.
March 22, 2024
WAITING FOR GODOT IN ANTARCTICA
An audience gathers to preview a screening of a new version of this Samuel Beckett play. The directed striped his rendition down to bare existential black and white by filming in Antarctica and using penguins as actors. The problem of dialogue is solved by the technique of voice-over.
In the first act, two penguins stand on bleak, snow-covered ice. There鈥檚 a close up of one penguin. The voice-over says, 鈥淣othing to be done.鈥�
The camera slowly scans to the other penguin who waddles next to the first. His voice-over begins, 鈥淚鈥檓 beginning to come round to that opinion.鈥�
The play continues in this manner. Occasionally, the two penguins rock back and forth in their stark, empty white world. When in the middle of the second act, a third penguin approaches, the two penguins waddle awkwardly to an icy hill and then toboggan on their stomachs down the hill and into the water.
After a soul-searching monologue, the third penguin also toboggans down the hill into the water. At the end of the play the two original penguins rock back and forth. One penguin says, 鈥淲ell, shall we go swimming again?
The other penguin replies, 鈥淵es, let鈥檚 go.鈥�
But the penguins do not move.
September 8, 2022
Aunque es algo habitual en este tipo de textos, no deja de ser curiosa la cantidad y variedad de interpretaciones a la que se presta la obra, solo hay que leer los comentarios de los compa帽eros y compa帽eras de goodreads, entre los que se defienden posiciones a veces radicalmente opuestas. Ah铆 es donde, pienso yo, radica la gran popularidad de la que goza: al igual que una imagen del test de Rorschach, la obra se metamorfosea en aquello que le importa a cada lector.
Pero, 驴cu谩l es la interpretaci贸n correcta? No creo que se pueda hablar en estos t茅rminos. 驴Correcta es la interpretaci贸n que coincide con el prop贸sito del autor? Si es as铆, tenemos un problema. Beckett, con toda la inteligencia del mundo, nunca quiso aclarar el sentido de la obra m谩s all谩 de negar a Dios como el ser que figura detr谩s del personaje de Godot, lo que no ha impedido nunca que infinidad de lectores sigan haciendo dicha correspondencia.
Obviamente, yo tambi茅n tengo mi interpretaci贸n a esta mancha de Rorschach.
POZZO: D铆ganme el medio de ser breve y claro al mismo tiempo. D茅jenme reflexionar.Intentar茅 acabar antes:
ESTRAGON: Sea locuaz, as铆 acabar谩 antes.
Yo no soy uno de los que ven a Dios detr谩s de Godot, como tampoco me encuentro entre los que piensan que el prop贸sito de la obra sea denunciar el absurdo de la existencia humana, ni su falta de prop贸sito, ni su vac铆o, ni la ausencia de salida, ni pienso, por supuesto, que la obra sea un mero absurdo sin pies ni cabeza como s铆mbolo del sinsentido del destino humano. Mi opini贸n es que 鈥淓sperando a Godot鈥� nos dice, nos grita, justo lo contrario: ACT脷A, NO ESPERES A GODOT.
La obra es absurda como absurdo ha sido, es, y seguramente ser谩, el comportamiento del ser humano, un comportamiento que no responde a un destino sino a una ignorante elecci贸n.
ESTRAG脫N.- La gente es est煤pida.La obra critica precisamente que la historia de la humanidad haya sido la historia de una espera, de una espera sin recompensa. Generaci贸n tras generaci贸n se ha procedido de la misma forma, sin aprender, sin recordar lo que se hizo ayer, donde se estuvo y, claro est谩, sin saber d贸nde se estar谩 ma帽ana ni lo que se har谩 m谩s all谩 de... s铆, eso precisamente, esperar a Godot. Toda la historia de la humanidad no ha sido m谩s que un tr谩gico c铆rculo recorrido un mill贸n de veces. No es, por tanto, un relato sobre el callej贸n sin salida que se establece entre la desesperaci贸n y el c谩lido refugio de los dioses, es una llamada a la acci贸n, a volver a recuperar nuestros derechos:
ESTRAGON: 驴Ya no tenemos derechos?Hay que rebelarse ante el poderoso, darse cuenta de que el poderoso depende absolutamente del siervo; hasta el poderoso debe despertar del sue帽o de sus razonamientos injusta y pat茅ticamente justificativos.
VLADIMIR: Me har铆as re铆r, si me estuviera permitido.
ESTRAGON: 驴Los hemos perdido?
VLADIMIR: Los hemos vendido.
POZZO: Trata de inspirarme piedad para que no me separe de 茅l... Cree que, vi茅ndole tan eficaz cargador, le emplear茅 como tal en el futuro... Cree que al verle infatigable, me arrepentir茅 de mi decisi贸n. Tal es su lamentable c谩lculo. Como si me faltasen peones... Piensan que yo hubiera podido estar en su lugar y 茅l en el m铆o. Si el azar no se hubiera opuesto. A cada cual lo suyo... en lugar de ponerle de patitas en la calle, es tal mi bondad que lo llevo al mercado de San Salvador, en donde espero sacar algo de 茅l. Lo cierto es que a seres como 茅ste no se les puede echar. Para hacerlo bien, ser铆a necesario matarles.Los Vladimir tiene que darse cuenta de que no es cierto que lo 煤nico que se pueda hacer es ocupar la espera;
VLADIMIR: Con esto hemos pasado el ratolos Estrag贸n deben tener el coraje de desligarse de los Vladimir; y ambos deben de dejar de conformarse con juegos de palabras, paradojas y discusiones bizantinas que les alejen del enfrentamiento con su condici贸n, ambos deben optar por la valent铆a del movimiento;
ESTRAGON: Hubiera pasado igual de todos modos.
VLADIMIR: S铆, pero menos r谩pido.
ESTRAGON: 驴Y qu茅 hacemos ahora?Tampoco hay que excusarse en at谩vicos pecados originales.
VLADIMIR: No s茅.
ESTRAGON: Vay谩monos.
VLADIMIR: No podemos.
ESTRAGON: 驴Por qu茅?
VLADIMIR: Esperamos a Godot.
ESTRAGON: Es cierto.
ESTRAGON: Habr铆a que volver de una vez a la naturaleza.Ni en la fugacidad de la existencia.
VLADIMIR: Lo hemos intentado.
ESTRAGON: Es cierto.
VLADIMIR: Oh, lo peor es eso, desde luego.
ESTRAGON: Entonces, 驴qu茅 es?
VLADIMIR: Haber pensado.
ESTRAGON: Evidentemente.
POZZO: un d铆a nacimos, un d铆a moriremos, el mismo d铆a, el mismo instante, 驴no le basta? Dan a luz a caballo sobre una tumba, el d铆a brilla por un instante, y, despu茅s, de nuevo la noche.Ni echar la culpa a la 茅poca en la que nos ha tocado vivir, ni enredarnos con las palabras.
POZZO:No hablemos mal de nuestra 茅poca, no es peor que las pasadas. (Silencio) Pero tampoco hablemos bien. (Silencio) No hablemos.No hay que parapetarse tras una condici贸n humana inamovible
ESTRAGON: Entretanto, intentemos hablar sin exaltarnos, ya que somos incapaces de callarnos.
VLADIMIR: Es cierto, somos incansables.
ESTRAGON: Es para no pensar.
VLADIMIR: Tenemos justificaci贸n.
ESTRAGON: Es para no escuchar.
VLADIMIR: Tenemos nuestras razones.
ESTRAGON: Todas las voces muertas.
VLADIMIR: Hacen ruido de alas.
(...)
VLADIMIR: No les basta haber vivido.
ESTRAGON: Necesitan hablar de ella.
VLADIMIR: No les basta con estar muertas.
ESTRAGON: No es suficiente.
VLADIMIR: No se puede hacer nada.En definitiva:
ESTRAGON: Es in煤til esforzarse.
VLADIMIR: Uno sigue siendo lo que es.
ESTRAGON: Por mucho que se retuerza.
VLADIMIR: El fondo no cambia.
ESTRAGON: Nada que hacer.
NO PREGUNTES QU脡 PUEDE HACER GODOT POR TI; PREG脷NTATE QU脡 PUEDES HACER T脷 POR TI, POR TODOS.
June 28, 2024
We are waiting for the main problem of the two beggars. We are waiting for what will never come: a Godot! We wait in vain while sinking into a minimalist decor: a forest, a tree, a rope. Minimalism hides the absurdity of our life, where only emptiness suffocates us. To breathe again, we furnish this void with actions to break this monotony.
Estragon: What is certain is that time is extended, under these conditions, and pushes us to furnish it with actions [...] (Page 104)
So there you have it, waiting perhaps hope, but above all, it is a constraint against all freedom, all liberation.
The expectation is hope, but above all, it is masochism.
Estragon: What is certain is that time is extended, under these conditions, and pushes us to furnish it with actions [...] (Page 104)
So there you have it, waiting perhaps hope, but above all, it is a constraint against all freedom, all liberation.
The expectation is hope, but above all, it is masochism.
February 28, 2019
賲賳 夭蹖丕丿 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賳禺賵賳丿賲貙 賵賱蹖 丕蹖賳貙 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賴丕蹖蹖 亘賵丿賴 讴賴 禺賵賳丿賲.
亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴貙 亘卮乇 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖讴卮丿 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕卮貙 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丌乇賲丕賳 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賳賴 賲蹖 卮賳丕爻丿 賵 賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿 亘賴卮丕賳 鬲賱丕卮蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿貙 賲蹖 倬賵爻丿 賵 夭賳诏 賲蹖 夭賳丿. 亘讴鬲 丕蹖賳 丿乇賵賳賲丕蹖賴 蹖 鬲賱禺 乇丕貙 丿乇 蹖讴 胤賳夭 丌亘爻賵乇丿 賲蹖 诏賳噩丕賳丿.
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳貙 丿賵 丿賵爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 賴乇 乇賵夭貙 倬丕蹖 丿乇禺鬲蹖 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賲蹖 賳卮蹖賳賳丿. 诏賵丿賵貙 丌乇賲丕賳 賵 丌乇夭賵蹖 丌賳 賴丕爻鬲貨 賵賱蹖 丌賳丕賳 亘賴 蹖丕丿 賳丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 讴蹖 賵 讴噩丕 丕蹖賳 诏賵丿賵 丌乇賲丕賳卮丕賳 卮丿賴 賵 丨鬲蹖 丕夭 丕賵 趩賴 賲蹖 禺賵丕賴賳丿責
乇賵夭賴丕 丕賳鬲馗丕乇貙 亘丕毓孬 倬蹖乇 卮丿賳卮丕賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 乇賵夭 丿賵賲 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 賲蹖 诏賵蹖丿: "亘乇賵蹖賲."
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇: "賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲."
丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳: "趩乇丕 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲責"
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇: "丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 丕蹖賲."
賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 亘丕 賳賵賲蹖丿蹖 丌賴 賲蹖 讴卮丿: 诏賵丿賵貙 丌乇夭賵 賵 丌乇賲丕賳 丿蹖乇賵夭蹖賽 丌賳 賴丕貙 丕賲乇賵夭 亘賳丿 賵 賯賮賱 丌賳 賴丕 卮丿賴 賵 賮乇丿丕貙 讴丕亘賵爻 爻賴賲诏蹖賳 丌賳 賴丕 禺賵丕賴丿 卮丿. 诏賵丿賵蹖蹖 讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 賴乇诏夭 賳蹖丕蹖丿.
噩丕賱亘 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴蹖趩 蹖讴 亘賴 賮讴乇卮丕賳 賳賲蹖 乇爻丿 鬲賱丕卮蹖 亘乇丕蹖 蹖丕賮鬲賳 賵 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 诏賵丿賵 亘讴賳賳丿. 倬爻乇讴蹖 讴賴 倬蹖讴 诏賵丿賵 丕爻鬲 乇丕 丿賳亘丕賱 賳賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 鬲丕 亘賴 禺丕賳賴 蹖 丕賵 亘乇爻賳丿. 丕夭 讴爻蹖 賳卮丕賳 丕賵 乇丕 賳賲蹖 禺賵丕賴賳丿. 丕夭 丿爻鬲 蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 丕賵貙 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕讴鬲賮丕 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿. 丨鬲賾丕 亘乇丕蹖 倬丕蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 丕賳鬲馗丕乇貙 丿爻鬲 亘賴 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 賳賲蹖 夭賳賳丿. 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 乇丕 賲賵讴賵賱 亘賴 賮乇丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿. 賴賲丕賳 胤賵乇 讴賴 賴賲賴 蹖 丨乇讴鬲 賴丕 賵 毓賲賱 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘賴 賮乇丿丕 賲賵讴賵賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賮乇丿丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賴乇诏夭 賳禺賵丕賴丿 丌賲丿.
October 30, 2022
I read this book while hang-gliding over the coast of Liechtenstein. It was difficult to grip the jacket of the book, not only because I was airborne, but because the night before I was in Moscow having vodka and gasoline with Luis San Baptista Rodolfo Sr., a ex-foot soldier for the Revolutionary FALN, and my head was POUNDING! I told Luis over a dinner (red cabbage over braised Skeletor Dolls) I had never seen the last episode of Family Ties, and he instantly grew furious, and cried out, "Matushka! Matushka! My cauliflower is on fire!" and thrust a copy of "Waiting for Godot" into my pocket, and whispered into my big toe, "Listen, my friend, I only have a credit card, so I put on my visa and you give me cash, no?"
I immediately understood Luis' implicit instructions: the only proper way to read Beckett truly, to feel the power of his words, is to do so while manning non-mechanical aircraft.
At first, I found Beckett's dramatic universe too glib, even watery, like a Burmese jungle cat. I found the dialogue too reliant upon the use of words. I thought the use of characters instead of sandwiches or tuxedos was trite and derivative. I also found the verdant pastures of Liechtenstein simply enchanting from an aerial point of view. Several times, I found myself questioning my decision to question my decision to use McDonald's wrappers from the Basque Region for the material of my hang-glider's wings, but then I realized, that's the point: having no discernible narrative thru-line is STILL a narrative thru-line all the same. Beckett's brilliance touched me at last. (But without permission, so I'm suing him in the Hague.)
So, I'm giving this a 5. Not a strong five. But not a weak five either. The sort of 5 that actively worked out for the high school rugby team, but then spent college taking it easy, drinking Irish Car Bombs, and now, years later plays Ultimate Frisbee on the weekends and sometimes runs in Central Park in the evenings, if not doing Bikram Yoga in Soho.
I immediately understood Luis' implicit instructions: the only proper way to read Beckett truly, to feel the power of his words, is to do so while manning non-mechanical aircraft.
At first, I found Beckett's dramatic universe too glib, even watery, like a Burmese jungle cat. I found the dialogue too reliant upon the use of words. I thought the use of characters instead of sandwiches or tuxedos was trite and derivative. I also found the verdant pastures of Liechtenstein simply enchanting from an aerial point of view. Several times, I found myself questioning my decision to question my decision to use McDonald's wrappers from the Basque Region for the material of my hang-glider's wings, but then I realized, that's the point: having no discernible narrative thru-line is STILL a narrative thru-line all the same. Beckett's brilliance touched me at last. (But without permission, so I'm suing him in the Hague.)
So, I'm giving this a 5. Not a strong five. But not a weak five either. The sort of 5 that actively worked out for the high school rugby team, but then spent college taking it easy, drinking Irish Car Bombs, and now, years later plays Ultimate Frisbee on the weekends and sometimes runs in Central Park in the evenings, if not doing Bikram Yoga in Soho.
February 22, 2023
鈥淟et's go."
"We can't."
"Why not?"
"We're waiting for Godot.鈥�
Samuel Beckett, though known for being one of the bleakest writers ever, was a big fan of American film comedians, including the sadsack Buster Keaton. Here鈥檚 a short film, 21 minutes long, 鈥渢he Goat:鈥� (Oh, come on, just look at it for a minute!)
And here's another short film where Keaton and Beckett collaborated! (Thanks, Ean!):
but also Laurel and Hardy, who I have always thought were a kind of model for the hapless and lovable Didi and Gogo. Here鈥檚 a 20-minute L&H film, 鈥淗elpmates鈥� (1932) in case you had never heard of them or doubt there is a connection: (see above, watch a minute, and I also note there's a new film based on them just released)
And there also is a hat exchange scene in the play that almost surely owes something to the famous Marx Brothers' 鈥渕irror scene鈥� which, if you haven鈥檛 seen it, takes 3:21 to see some genius old-time comedy:
Oh, the play, you ask? One of the classics of world literature, probably the single text that earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature, a play that he calls a tragi-comedy, and it does seem to ride on that razor edge between comedy and tragedy. Written in 1948, just three years after the end of WWII, with bombed cities all around (as now in Ukraine) it features two tramps, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo) who mainly just, yup, sit around and wait for Godot. And talk with each other.
鈥淭hey also serve who only stand and wait鈥� (Milton)? Maybe, but in this play it is not clear who Godot is, or why they are waiting for him. Some speculate Godot is really God, but Beckett denied this, said he had no idea why people would think that, and I may just believe him. There is some discussion of religion in the play, though, as a way people try to make sense of the world.
The setting is spare, with a single bare tree on the set. What do they do? They mainly talk to pass the time:
鈥淲ords, words, words. . .鈥�
And I like the playfulness:
Yes, let鈥檚 abuse each other!
Moron!
Vermin!
Abortion!
Morpion!
Sewer-rat!
Curate!
Cretin!
Critic!
Oh!
He wilts, vanquished, and turns away.
Well, that passed the time.
It was passing, anyway.
But it made it pass more quickly.
So they converse. They are friends, and they pluckily support each other in their poverty and bleak circumstances. They also meet Pozzo and his slave, Lucky, where we see a contrast to their supportive relationship, a power relationship, one of cruelty. An allegory of choices for us? Fascism vs. the Allied Forces that defeated it? Maybe! But Gogo and Didi persist and prevail, together. Not much happens, but they present an image of steadfastness in the face of serious challenges. Inspirational, I say. Or, since they only wait, and do not leave, it could be seen as hopeless, as a kind of nihilist stasis! Dystopian allegory, a precursor to Cormac McCarthy's father-son story, The Road?
One thing the play is about, I think, is how they got to this dystopian desert of a place. One thing it is about is language, which we sometimes see as the flower of humankind, yet in all its glory it did not help us prevent the Holocaust. Another thing the play is about is rationality, or thinking, the very foundation of science and technological accomplishment, that also did not prevent Nagasaki and Hiroshima. And so Beckett makes absurd fun at times here of this much-revered human process, thinking, and what it (in 1948) has amounted to, in part demonstrated in Lucky鈥檚 unpunctuated stream-of-consciousness soliloquy, which it turns out is absurd.
But this play finally presents two equally possible directions for humankind:
Hope: 鈥淟et us not waste our time in idle discourse! Let us do something, while we have the chance! It is not every day that we are needed. . . To all mankind they were addressed, those cries for help still ringing in our ears! But at this place, at this moment of time, all mankind is us, whether we like it or not. Let us make the most of it, before it is too late!鈥�
Or despair: 鈥淣othing to be done.鈥�
Does Beckett choose? Does he make a final judgement? Have we descended as a human race into evil, at last? Here he seems to say it could go either way: 鈥淭he tears of the world are a constant quantity. For each one who begins to weep somewhere else another stops. The same is true of the laugh. Let us not then speak ill of our generation, it is not any unhappier than its predecessors.鈥�
More fascist tendencies now, climate apocalypse, millions of refugees in increasing numbers and desperation, Putin and all the insane political extremism everywhere, and so on. You decide. Because you need to decide to act and not just talk. Or maybe you just ignore everything and keep doing what you do, in a kind of paralysis.
Though I personally think he does finally choose hope, in the very image of friends Didi and Gogo.
"We can't."
"Why not?"
"We're waiting for Godot.鈥�
Samuel Beckett, though known for being one of the bleakest writers ever, was a big fan of American film comedians, including the sadsack Buster Keaton. Here鈥檚 a short film, 21 minutes long, 鈥渢he Goat:鈥� (Oh, come on, just look at it for a minute!)
And here's another short film where Keaton and Beckett collaborated! (Thanks, Ean!):
but also Laurel and Hardy, who I have always thought were a kind of model for the hapless and lovable Didi and Gogo. Here鈥檚 a 20-minute L&H film, 鈥淗elpmates鈥� (1932) in case you had never heard of them or doubt there is a connection: (see above, watch a minute, and I also note there's a new film based on them just released)
And there also is a hat exchange scene in the play that almost surely owes something to the famous Marx Brothers' 鈥渕irror scene鈥� which, if you haven鈥檛 seen it, takes 3:21 to see some genius old-time comedy:
Oh, the play, you ask? One of the classics of world literature, probably the single text that earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature, a play that he calls a tragi-comedy, and it does seem to ride on that razor edge between comedy and tragedy. Written in 1948, just three years after the end of WWII, with bombed cities all around (as now in Ukraine) it features two tramps, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo) who mainly just, yup, sit around and wait for Godot. And talk with each other.
鈥淭hey also serve who only stand and wait鈥� (Milton)? Maybe, but in this play it is not clear who Godot is, or why they are waiting for him. Some speculate Godot is really God, but Beckett denied this, said he had no idea why people would think that, and I may just believe him. There is some discussion of religion in the play, though, as a way people try to make sense of the world.
The setting is spare, with a single bare tree on the set. What do they do? They mainly talk to pass the time:
鈥淲ords, words, words. . .鈥�
And I like the playfulness:
Yes, let鈥檚 abuse each other!
Moron!
Vermin!
Abortion!
Morpion!
Sewer-rat!
Curate!
Cretin!
Critic!
Oh!
He wilts, vanquished, and turns away.
Well, that passed the time.
It was passing, anyway.
But it made it pass more quickly.
So they converse. They are friends, and they pluckily support each other in their poverty and bleak circumstances. They also meet Pozzo and his slave, Lucky, where we see a contrast to their supportive relationship, a power relationship, one of cruelty. An allegory of choices for us? Fascism vs. the Allied Forces that defeated it? Maybe! But Gogo and Didi persist and prevail, together. Not much happens, but they present an image of steadfastness in the face of serious challenges. Inspirational, I say. Or, since they only wait, and do not leave, it could be seen as hopeless, as a kind of nihilist stasis! Dystopian allegory, a precursor to Cormac McCarthy's father-son story, The Road?
One thing the play is about, I think, is how they got to this dystopian desert of a place. One thing it is about is language, which we sometimes see as the flower of humankind, yet in all its glory it did not help us prevent the Holocaust. Another thing the play is about is rationality, or thinking, the very foundation of science and technological accomplishment, that also did not prevent Nagasaki and Hiroshima. And so Beckett makes absurd fun at times here of this much-revered human process, thinking, and what it (in 1948) has amounted to, in part demonstrated in Lucky鈥檚 unpunctuated stream-of-consciousness soliloquy, which it turns out is absurd.
But this play finally presents two equally possible directions for humankind:
Hope: 鈥淟et us not waste our time in idle discourse! Let us do something, while we have the chance! It is not every day that we are needed. . . To all mankind they were addressed, those cries for help still ringing in our ears! But at this place, at this moment of time, all mankind is us, whether we like it or not. Let us make the most of it, before it is too late!鈥�
Or despair: 鈥淣othing to be done.鈥�
Does Beckett choose? Does he make a final judgement? Have we descended as a human race into evil, at last? Here he seems to say it could go either way: 鈥淭he tears of the world are a constant quantity. For each one who begins to weep somewhere else another stops. The same is true of the laugh. Let us not then speak ill of our generation, it is not any unhappier than its predecessors.鈥�
More fascist tendencies now, climate apocalypse, millions of refugees in increasing numbers and desperation, Putin and all the insane political extremism everywhere, and so on. You decide. Because you need to decide to act and not just talk. Or maybe you just ignore everything and keep doing what you do, in a kind of paralysis.
Though I personally think he does finally choose hope, in the very image of friends Didi and Gogo.
July 21, 2019
Waiting for Godot is a powerful allegory of human life and religion 鈥� we spend our time waiting and then one day we die. Waiting is a bore but it is much easier and safer to wait than to do.
Are we all thieves waiting for salvation? Or do we wait for someone who would resolve all our insignificant problems?
One of the thieves was saved. It's a reasonable percentage.
Are we all thieves waiting for salvation? Or do we wait for someone who would resolve all our insignificant problems?
June 2, 2018
The dilemma of being human:
Why does it happen at all?
Where do we go when it ends?
The perpetual struggle between hope and despair.
Sincere and heartwarming in an odd sort of way.
Why does it happen at all?
Where do we go when it ends?
The perpetual struggle between hope and despair.
Sincere and heartwarming in an odd sort of way.
July 6, 2021
*edited on 23.05.2021
Was I sleeping while the others suffered? Am I sleeping now? Tomorrow, when I wake or think I do, what shall I say of today? That with Estragon my friend, at this place until the fall of night, I waited for Godot?
link:
E: here you are! Again, writing some bullshit!
V: well, it鈥檚 about a play by Beckett!
E: oh! again! what is it about?
V: it is an existential tragicomedy- 鈥渘othing to be done鈥�
E: oh! absurd!
V: yea, it is, it is 鈥榃aiting for Godot鈥�
E: what Godoh God ot Goddoh God?
V: it's Godot G O D O T
E: strange name, what is it some God or something?
V: yeah, strange, it's nothing!
E: well, why does anyone wait in this, in the first place?
V: perhaps, that鈥檚 how it is
E: what is the whole point of waiting?
V: I don鈥檛 know, we simply have to wait
E: wait! how much one should wait?
V: before deciding it鈥檚 enough?
E: why wait?
V: perhaps we are condemned to do so
E: condemned! really! by whom?
V: I don鈥檛 really know but we are condemned
E: and does anything happens during our tribulation
V: no nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it鈥檚 awful. it is the universal phenomenon that the universe is perpetual and effectively nothing originates and dies off
E: nothing happens?
V: nothing, blathering about nothing, too much ado about nothing
E: why we read it then, in the first place?
V: I don鈥檛 get you?
E: we seek some action, at least in a play?
V: but there is none here
E: why do we read then it?
V: that鈥檚 exactly why we read it
E: is there any point in reading it?
V: perhaps none
E: then why do we read it?
V: that鈥檚 why we read it
E: and who will read it?
V: those who have troubled souls!
E: didn't get you!
V: those who want to experience life, in its fundamental form
E: what is it- life or death?
V: it is both, it is like an ordeal of human existence
E: but one must be bored to death, in this well of nothingness
V: hmm! death! That鈥檚 what we are running from, only towards it
E: bullshit! answer me first
V: well! alienation is a curse but we always find something for our illusion
E: we do exist, you do exist, I do exist, the one who is reading do exist
V: well! we are thrown into this existential malaise which is absurd
E: but we do exist?
V: we have to create meaning in this meaningless ordeal of ours, it is absurd but we have to go on, we need to make ourselves believe that we do exist
E: and what about life?
V: what we are discussing is life!
E: strange!
V: 'absurd' is the word!
E: can鈥檛 we break free
V: don鈥檛 talk nonsense
E: well! there must be some hope, somewhere, here, there, or in Beckett鈥檚 world?
V: hope! it is a hallucinating drug
E: so, there is nothing we can do
V: well! we may dance, we may sing, we may think or we may read or write
E: we have been doing for centuries
V: yea, it鈥檚 the endless vicious circle, again and again
E: so, there is nothing we can do
V: we can, we can wait
E: for Godot?
V: for our own Godot, each one of us has his/ her own Godot
link:
E: and how we pass time
V: well! we need distractions
E: reading about you writing about reading others is a distraction?
V: yea
E: why do we do it then?
V: to pass time
E: what about beliefs?
V: well! they are created just to find some solace in our ordeal
E: really?
V: man is a slave to his own dogmas, anyone who tries to free him from those is met with repugnance
E: so, what about universe or universes?
V: it is just created out of nothing, for nothing, and will end up in nothing
E: nihilo ex nihilo
V: hmm!
E: so, we just have to pass the time?
V: perhaps we do
E: doesn鈥檛 it pass anyway
V: it will but we have to pass our time
E: could we get free from it?
V: don鈥檛 talk nonsense
E: could we hang ourselves?
V: shut up!
E: does god sees me?
V: well! he may not but we have to believe he does
E: what is his name God Godoh Godot, but the name must represent something?
V: it represents nothing!
E: absurd!
V: yea, just like life!
E: is he God?
V: I don鈥檛 know but he controls everything
E: then he can鈥檛 be god, for sure
V: well, is there any God at all?
E: how would I know, but the concept is very fancy
V: are talking about any specific god/s?
E: ah! they all are the same
V: but if there is any, why doesn鈥檛 he respond then?
E: perhaps he is not capable of, probably he doesn鈥檛 exist too
V: we should wait for Godot
E: is he capable of freeing us from this existential hell
V: how does it matter, if he is capable or not, one has to do what one has to do
E: you're right
V: hmm! waiting! how do we become used to waiting?
E: I don鈥檛 know but this is how we are, condemned!
V: are we dreaming? are we hallucinating?
E: haha! man always does it!
V: does what?
E: whenever he is encountered with truth, he seeks refuge in the names of dreams, visions, or hallucinations
V: it is very nihilistic
E: it is like life
V: what we have done, ah! it is futile
E: I told you so
V: it鈥檚 silly
E: the play?
V: oh man! it is, but I am not talking about it
E: isn鈥檛 life itself is silly?
V: bingo!
E: oh God(ot)! is it?
V: should we break free from it?
E: I want to break free
V: lets us hang ourselves
E: we can鈥檛
V: don鈥檛 we have rope
E: haha! we don鈥檛, still, we are tied, but it鈥檚 not about the rope
V: so, we have to wait
E: like every day we do
V: to end up the same
E: that鈥檚 how we are
V: condemned!
(P.S.:- E and V complement each other and reflect humanity in whole)
link:
One day, is that enough for you, one day like any other day, one day he went dumb, one day I went blind, one day we'll go deaf, one day we were born, one day we shall die, the same day, the same second, is that not enough for you? They give birth astride of a grave, the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more.
5/5
Was I sleeping while the others suffered? Am I sleeping now? Tomorrow, when I wake or think I do, what shall I say of today? That with Estragon my friend, at this place until the fall of night, I waited for Godot?
link:
E: here you are! Again, writing some bullshit!
V: well, it鈥檚 about a play by Beckett!
E: oh! again! what is it about?
V: it is an existential tragicomedy- 鈥渘othing to be done鈥�
E: oh! absurd!
V: yea, it is, it is 鈥榃aiting for Godot鈥�
E: what Godoh God ot Goddoh God?
V: it's Godot G O D O T
E: strange name, what is it some God or something?
V: yeah, strange, it's nothing!
E: well, why does anyone wait in this, in the first place?
V: perhaps, that鈥檚 how it is
E: what is the whole point of waiting?
V: I don鈥檛 know, we simply have to wait
E: wait! how much one should wait?
V: before deciding it鈥檚 enough?
E: why wait?
V: perhaps we are condemned to do so
E: condemned! really! by whom?
V: I don鈥檛 really know but we are condemned
E: and does anything happens during our tribulation
V: no nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it鈥檚 awful. it is the universal phenomenon that the universe is perpetual and effectively nothing originates and dies off
E: nothing happens?
V: nothing, blathering about nothing, too much ado about nothing
E: why we read it then, in the first place?
V: I don鈥檛 get you?
E: we seek some action, at least in a play?
V: but there is none here
E: why do we read then it?
V: that鈥檚 exactly why we read it
E: is there any point in reading it?
V: perhaps none
E: then why do we read it?
V: that鈥檚 why we read it
E: and who will read it?
V: those who have troubled souls!
E: didn't get you!
V: those who want to experience life, in its fundamental form
E: what is it- life or death?
V: it is both, it is like an ordeal of human existence
E: but one must be bored to death, in this well of nothingness
V: hmm! death! That鈥檚 what we are running from, only towards it
E: bullshit! answer me first
V: well! alienation is a curse but we always find something for our illusion
E: we do exist, you do exist, I do exist, the one who is reading do exist
V: well! we are thrown into this existential malaise which is absurd
E: but we do exist?
V: we have to create meaning in this meaningless ordeal of ours, it is absurd but we have to go on, we need to make ourselves believe that we do exist
E: and what about life?
V: what we are discussing is life!
E: strange!
V: 'absurd' is the word!
E: can鈥檛 we break free
V: don鈥檛 talk nonsense
E: well! there must be some hope, somewhere, here, there, or in Beckett鈥檚 world?
V: hope! it is a hallucinating drug
E: so, there is nothing we can do
V: well! we may dance, we may sing, we may think or we may read or write
E: we have been doing for centuries
V: yea, it鈥檚 the endless vicious circle, again and again
E: so, there is nothing we can do
V: we can, we can wait
E: for Godot?
V: for our own Godot, each one of us has his/ her own Godot
link:
E: and how we pass time
V: well! we need distractions
E: reading about you writing about reading others is a distraction?
V: yea
E: why do we do it then?
V: to pass time
E: what about beliefs?
V: well! they are created just to find some solace in our ordeal
E: really?
V: man is a slave to his own dogmas, anyone who tries to free him from those is met with repugnance
E: so, what about universe or universes?
V: it is just created out of nothing, for nothing, and will end up in nothing
E: nihilo ex nihilo
V: hmm!
E: so, we just have to pass the time?
V: perhaps we do
E: doesn鈥檛 it pass anyway
V: it will but we have to pass our time
E: could we get free from it?
V: don鈥檛 talk nonsense
E: could we hang ourselves?
V: shut up!
E: does god sees me?
V: well! he may not but we have to believe he does
E: what is his name God Godoh Godot, but the name must represent something?
V: it represents nothing!
E: absurd!
V: yea, just like life!
E: is he God?
V: I don鈥檛 know but he controls everything
E: then he can鈥檛 be god, for sure
V: well, is there any God at all?
E: how would I know, but the concept is very fancy
V: are talking about any specific god/s?
E: ah! they all are the same
V: but if there is any, why doesn鈥檛 he respond then?
E: perhaps he is not capable of, probably he doesn鈥檛 exist too
V: we should wait for Godot
E: is he capable of freeing us from this existential hell
V: how does it matter, if he is capable or not, one has to do what one has to do
E: you're right
V: hmm! waiting! how do we become used to waiting?
E: I don鈥檛 know but this is how we are, condemned!
V: are we dreaming? are we hallucinating?
E: haha! man always does it!
V: does what?
E: whenever he is encountered with truth, he seeks refuge in the names of dreams, visions, or hallucinations
V: it is very nihilistic
E: it is like life
V: what we have done, ah! it is futile
E: I told you so
V: it鈥檚 silly
E: the play?
V: oh man! it is, but I am not talking about it
E: isn鈥檛 life itself is silly?
V: bingo!
E: oh God(ot)! is it?
V: should we break free from it?
E: I want to break free
V: lets us hang ourselves
E: we can鈥檛
V: don鈥檛 we have rope
E: haha! we don鈥檛, still, we are tied, but it鈥檚 not about the rope
V: so, we have to wait
E: like every day we do
V: to end up the same
E: that鈥檚 how we are
V: condemned!
(P.S.:- E and V complement each other and reflect humanity in whole)
link:
One day, is that enough for you, one day like any other day, one day he went dumb, one day I went blind, one day we'll go deaf, one day we were born, one day we shall die, the same day, the same second, is that not enough for you? They give birth astride of a grave, the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more.
5/5
January 15, 2018
A nice homage would be to write nothing.
*
That is what I wrote this afternoon. Before that, a friend told me to write something. He was so sure that I could. I am never sure about what I can or cannot do. But he thought so. That was nice.
Nothing much happened after that, until another kind friend paid this review a visit and said "to wait". And "if he does not show up tomorrow..." Well, what is to be done then? There are messengers that assured me he would come. I will keep waiting. Contemplating the same places, the same scenarios, over and over, until I can predict the entire world. Never neglect the little things of life.
And then I think. And then, some more. Do I really want to keep waiting?
I wonder if I even have that choice.
Then, a beautiful woman with a quick mind that could leave you staring at your shoes, utterly perplexed, came along. She told me that I comprehended an author with finesse. I thanked her, of course. But... did I? In the middle of this constant鈥攁nd often tiresome鈥攁nalysis that I cannot escape from, can I even begin to grasp the concept of anything at all?
There is meaning, somewhere. But I fear it will keep evading our presence until... Ah. Choose the metaphor you like. This is getting alarming.
A couple of minutes later, another lovely woman said that this was clever. I am not sure of that since I believe 欧宝娱乐 would delete this in a heartbeat. But, oh well. Nothing to be done.
The second I finished writing this, a third woman, equally stunning and of enviable wits, appeared. This good friend that I so admire, asked me something like "Can we keep waiting even when he makes an appearance?" And that made me ponder. Are we prepared for such a visit? Us, simple mortals, are we ready to face that kind of revelation? We are still waiting by that tree. Still complaining about so much waiting. But I wouldn't know what to do if... I may be mistaken , though. I have the feeling I thought about this yesterday. Not sure what day is today but I definitely thought about this... yesterday. God. Either I forget immediately or I never forget.
I was about to leave when another kind man approached and left a lovely comment about the quality of this review. I often disagree but that is how my head functions. And it is always nice to read that, so I thanked him. It's the normal thing.
After some time鈥攄o not know how much time since I can never measure it鈥攁nother friend stopped by. He was asking when to read a certain book. He was not waiting for Godot, he was waiting for the right time. Oh. That might just be him...
No. Ah, yes. Time. That unforgiving time that refuses to stop. Time flows, always. Always the minutes. Always the decades. Even if we remain in the same place, with the same glance, the same companionship: ourselves. I would like that friend to read this book as soon as possible. But I do not own the proper words to convince him. Hell, I do not own any word. They own me; a powerless captive. So, I think, I believe, I cannot say much.
We wait... A diversion comes along and what do we do? We let it go to waste. Come, let's go to work! In an instant all will vanish and we'll be alone once more, in the midst of nothingness!
Or worse, we won't be here at all.
...you have to decide , my friend.
Later, another friend came along and said that this review was his favorite of the year so far. And I thought that was a lovely compliment. The problem is that I kept thinking. And analyzing. And in further reflection I said to myself, 鈥渙kay, I know I cannot measure time, I know that I am not sure if I am still living a yesterday or I am already living my tomorrow because this permanent sense of ennui that fills each day makes me forget everything, but I am aware that the year has just started.鈥� And here we are, standing on this immense world with a myriad of possibilities and its inexorable absurdity haunting us everyday鈥攁n absurdity that allows anything to happen鈥攕o the fact that this review full of nonsense is someone's favorite of the year that has just begun, made me think. A better one might be written tomorrow. Or in a minute. And then, that's it. Ah. Stop thinking. All I know is that the hours are long, under these conditions. ... Let us not waste our time in idle discourse! I will make sure to say this as soon as I see this friend. Because days will pass and time will pass and things must be said.
...the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more. But that endless process does not apply to our ephemeral nature.
"Lovely musings", another friend wrote a couple of minutes ago. But when you think about it, there's nothing much to do, really. We are always looking for something new. Something else. Nothing much for me to find. It'd pass the time , they say. I haven't met anyone yet with the ability of breaking that vicious circle. We are here to spend time... And watch the sky as it changes its colors. A constant feeling of another day done with . We want to move, we say we'll go, we stay right here, like a not so lucky man with a rope around his neck.
Honestly. One is not master of one's mood.
As I was about to conclude with this illogical ode to the absurd, this dull melody that echoes the unpredictable nature of things and the tiresome search for what we are not meant to know, two more friends came along. The first one claimed to have seen him, the reason of it all. Apparently, he was trying to remember something. And at a cafe, no less! Whereas some of us are part of this useless but inevitable seek of meaning in life, trying to fill the gaps with something that might embody some source of comfort rather than simply embrace such absurdity of existence, hope for nothing and achieve a sense of freedom鈥攊f not freedom itself鈥擥odot is passing the time at a cafe, completely unaware of our existence and our strong desire to meet him, as we see our days go by. Days that no longer perceive a different color. ...habit is a great deadener.
The last friend recommended me to watch the play that introduced me to these people that were waiting for Godot. And then mentioned another one. I cannot think of a better ending to this preposterous review. To postpone for a while this awfully exhausting search for meaning and enjoy another play that will probably make me think of that search almost immediately.
Human nature, my friend.
To be continued.
If you write.
Jan 12, 16
* Also on .
*
That is what I wrote this afternoon. Before that, a friend told me to write something. He was so sure that I could. I am never sure about what I can or cannot do. But he thought so. That was nice.
Nothing much happened after that, until another kind friend paid this review a visit and said "to wait". And "if he does not show up tomorrow..." Well, what is to be done then? There are messengers that assured me he would come. I will keep waiting. Contemplating the same places, the same scenarios, over and over, until I can predict the entire world. Never neglect the little things of life.
And then I think. And then, some more. Do I really want to keep waiting?
I wonder if I even have that choice.
Then, a beautiful woman with a quick mind that could leave you staring at your shoes, utterly perplexed, came along. She told me that I comprehended an author with finesse. I thanked her, of course. But... did I? In the middle of this constant鈥攁nd often tiresome鈥攁nalysis that I cannot escape from, can I even begin to grasp the concept of anything at all?
There is meaning, somewhere. But I fear it will keep evading our presence until... Ah. Choose the metaphor you like. This is getting alarming.
A couple of minutes later, another lovely woman said that this was clever. I am not sure of that since I believe 欧宝娱乐 would delete this in a heartbeat. But, oh well. Nothing to be done.
The second I finished writing this, a third woman, equally stunning and of enviable wits, appeared. This good friend that I so admire, asked me something like "Can we keep waiting even when he makes an appearance?" And that made me ponder. Are we prepared for such a visit? Us, simple mortals, are we ready to face that kind of revelation? We are still waiting by that tree. Still complaining about so much waiting. But I wouldn't know what to do if... I may be mistaken , though. I have the feeling I thought about this yesterday. Not sure what day is today but I definitely thought about this... yesterday. God. Either I forget immediately or I never forget.
I was about to leave when another kind man approached and left a lovely comment about the quality of this review. I often disagree but that is how my head functions. And it is always nice to read that, so I thanked him. It's the normal thing.
After some time鈥攄o not know how much time since I can never measure it鈥攁nother friend stopped by. He was asking when to read a certain book. He was not waiting for Godot, he was waiting for the right time. Oh. That might just be him...
No. Ah, yes. Time. That unforgiving time that refuses to stop. Time flows, always. Always the minutes. Always the decades. Even if we remain in the same place, with the same glance, the same companionship: ourselves. I would like that friend to read this book as soon as possible. But I do not own the proper words to convince him. Hell, I do not own any word. They own me; a powerless captive. So, I think, I believe, I cannot say much.
We wait... A diversion comes along and what do we do? We let it go to waste. Come, let's go to work! In an instant all will vanish and we'll be alone once more, in the midst of nothingness!
Or worse, we won't be here at all.
...you have to decide , my friend.
Later, another friend came along and said that this review was his favorite of the year so far. And I thought that was a lovely compliment. The problem is that I kept thinking. And analyzing. And in further reflection I said to myself, 鈥渙kay, I know I cannot measure time, I know that I am not sure if I am still living a yesterday or I am already living my tomorrow because this permanent sense of ennui that fills each day makes me forget everything, but I am aware that the year has just started.鈥� And here we are, standing on this immense world with a myriad of possibilities and its inexorable absurdity haunting us everyday鈥攁n absurdity that allows anything to happen鈥攕o the fact that this review full of nonsense is someone's favorite of the year that has just begun, made me think. A better one might be written tomorrow. Or in a minute. And then, that's it. Ah. Stop thinking. All I know is that the hours are long, under these conditions. ... Let us not waste our time in idle discourse! I will make sure to say this as soon as I see this friend. Because days will pass and time will pass and things must be said.
...the light gleams an instant, then it's night once more. But that endless process does not apply to our ephemeral nature.
"Lovely musings", another friend wrote a couple of minutes ago. But when you think about it, there's nothing much to do, really. We are always looking for something new. Something else. Nothing much for me to find. It'd pass the time , they say. I haven't met anyone yet with the ability of breaking that vicious circle. We are here to spend time... And watch the sky as it changes its colors. A constant feeling of another day done with . We want to move, we say we'll go, we stay right here, like a not so lucky man with a rope around his neck.
Honestly. One is not master of one's mood.
As I was about to conclude with this illogical ode to the absurd, this dull melody that echoes the unpredictable nature of things and the tiresome search for what we are not meant to know, two more friends came along. The first one claimed to have seen him, the reason of it all. Apparently, he was trying to remember something. And at a cafe, no less! Whereas some of us are part of this useless but inevitable seek of meaning in life, trying to fill the gaps with something that might embody some source of comfort rather than simply embrace such absurdity of existence, hope for nothing and achieve a sense of freedom鈥攊f not freedom itself鈥擥odot is passing the time at a cafe, completely unaware of our existence and our strong desire to meet him, as we see our days go by. Days that no longer perceive a different color. ...habit is a great deadener.
The last friend recommended me to watch the play that introduced me to these people that were waiting for Godot. And then mentioned another one. I cannot think of a better ending to this preposterous review. To postpone for a while this awfully exhausting search for meaning and enjoy another play that will probably make me think of that search almost immediately.
Human nature, my friend.
If you write.
Jan 12, 16
* Also on .
September 28, 2017
Waiting for Godot still waits for a review. I wonder if it will ever come. While pondering on the possibility of a review, I think about whether I liked it or not. I can't even say that, so technically, ...
... I am still waiting ... for the rating ... as well ...
It is in the stars. I added some for decoration. They are quite meaningless, but yellow dots please my Scandinavian eyes.
It is about nothing, really. But was already taken by Henry Green - and also filled with so much of everything - that Samuel Beckett probably thought he'd wait and see if he could find a better title than nothing. While waiting, he gave it a working title, and that's what the play turned into. The process became the end product, and the waiting for something became something of its own.
As for the characters. They talk, therefore they are.
One of them asks me:
"Are you ready to write?"
And I say: "Yes, let's write!"
But I don't move.
... I am still waiting ... for the rating ... as well ...
It is in the stars. I added some for decoration. They are quite meaningless, but yellow dots please my Scandinavian eyes.
It is about nothing, really. But was already taken by Henry Green - and also filled with so much of everything - that Samuel Beckett probably thought he'd wait and see if he could find a better title than nothing. While waiting, he gave it a working title, and that's what the play turned into. The process became the end product, and the waiting for something became something of its own.
As for the characters. They talk, therefore they are.
One of them asks me:
"Are you ready to write?"
And I say: "Yes, let's write!"
But I don't move.
Shelved as 'reviews-of-books-i-didnt-read'
October 1, 2014Review revived again to mark the three month anniversary of the Top Lists being frozen....
***
As you know, the votes we strive for and crawl across barbed wire for and win oh so slowly and painfully are the only way we reviewers can tell we're still alive. We need the hit that only weekly Top Lists can give us. And yes, you could describe the inexplicable absence of up to date Top Reviewer and Best Review Lists as a "first world problem" if you were being really mean, but still, reviewers are people too... Let Samuel Beckett explain further.
ESTRAGON : Stuff this for a game of soldiers. Let's go.
VLADIMIR : We can't go.
ESTRAGON : Why not?
VLADIMIR : We're waiting for the Top Lists to be displayed correctly, remember?
ESTRAGON : Oh those.
VLADIMIR : Yes, those. Without the Top Lists we don't know who's top and who's - well, bottom. The world is chaos. Which review is best? Which made it in the mad-salmon-dash up the goodreads river of reviews to spawn in the sun?
ESTRAGON : You're very poetical tonight. Did you eat something that disagreed with you?
VLADIMIR : We must have the votes correctly tallied. It says so in the Bible.
ESTRAGON : But the vote counter is broken.
VLADIMIR : (sighs. Gives up trying to unlace his boot.) Yes, the vote counter is broken.
ESTRAGON : It's a sign.
VLADIMIR : It is a sign. But we have to wait.
ESTRAGON : What for?
VLADIMIR : For the vote counter to be fixed. We must.
ESTRAGON : I could go, you could wait. I think I left something in the oven.
VLADIMIR : You'll be back. Us sort, we have to wait.
ESTRAGON : For the vote counter to be fixed.
VLADIMIR : Yes. But we know it never will be fixed.
ESTRAGON : Yes. But we have to wait even so.
VLADIMIR : We should ask Rivka.
RIVKA (appearing from a cloud) : There is a bug. We have identified it. It will be fixed. But not yet.
ESTRAGON : See? I told you. It's hopeless.
VLADIMIR : No, not hopeless. But there is no hope.
***
As you know, the votes we strive for and crawl across barbed wire for and win oh so slowly and painfully are the only way we reviewers can tell we're still alive. We need the hit that only weekly Top Lists can give us. And yes, you could describe the inexplicable absence of up to date Top Reviewer and Best Review Lists as a "first world problem" if you were being really mean, but still, reviewers are people too... Let Samuel Beckett explain further.
ESTRAGON : Stuff this for a game of soldiers. Let's go.
VLADIMIR : We can't go.
ESTRAGON : Why not?
VLADIMIR : We're waiting for the Top Lists to be displayed correctly, remember?
ESTRAGON : Oh those.
VLADIMIR : Yes, those. Without the Top Lists we don't know who's top and who's - well, bottom. The world is chaos. Which review is best? Which made it in the mad-salmon-dash up the goodreads river of reviews to spawn in the sun?
ESTRAGON : You're very poetical tonight. Did you eat something that disagreed with you?
VLADIMIR : We must have the votes correctly tallied. It says so in the Bible.
ESTRAGON : But the vote counter is broken.
VLADIMIR : (sighs. Gives up trying to unlace his boot.) Yes, the vote counter is broken.
ESTRAGON : It's a sign.
VLADIMIR : It is a sign. But we have to wait.
ESTRAGON : What for?
VLADIMIR : For the vote counter to be fixed. We must.
ESTRAGON : I could go, you could wait. I think I left something in the oven.
VLADIMIR : You'll be back. Us sort, we have to wait.
ESTRAGON : For the vote counter to be fixed.
VLADIMIR : Yes. But we know it never will be fixed.
ESTRAGON : Yes. But we have to wait even so.
VLADIMIR : We should ask Rivka.
RIVKA (appearing from a cloud) : There is a bug. We have identified it. It will be fixed. But not yet.
ESTRAGON : See? I told you. It's hopeless.
VLADIMIR : No, not hopeless. But there is no hope.
February 18, 2024
PASSARE IL TEMPO
Il film francese di Emmanuel Courcol (2020).
L鈥檕ccasione per due parole intorno al capolavoro di Samuel Beckett mi 猫 offerta da un film francese che ho visto di recente.
Film francese (Un triomphe 鈥� The Big Hit 鈥� Un anno con Godot) che si ispira a un fatto successo in Svezia nel 1985: cinque detenuti, impegnati dal carcere come attori di teatro, approfittarono di una replica teatrale per evadere.
Fatto che aveva gi脿 ispirato un film svedese del 1999: V盲gen ut 鈥� Breaking Out, del quale 猫 possibile esista anche un remake americano.
Il film francese parte da un attore in cattive acque 鈥� l鈥檜nico lavoro che sembra avere 猫 insegnare l鈥檋aka maori a dirigenti e impiegati di qualche azienda, scena che fa ridere ma mette anche alquanta tristezza 鈥� che accetta di sostituire un collega nell鈥檌ncarico di insegnare recitazione ai detenuti.
Che sono cinque, poi diventano sei 鈥� ma uno lascia il posto a un altro.
Il nostro attore si inventa dunque regista, pur non avendolo mai fatto. Ma un po鈥� di esperienza l'ha messa insieme lasciandosi dirigere da altri. E forse 猫 arrivato il momento di togliersi qualche sassolino dalla scarpa.
Capisce presto che l鈥檕ccasione per fare qualcosa di diverso, di meritevole, di rimarchevole 猫 ghiotta: e cos矛, appena possible sostituisce il testo di studio e pratica, dalle favole di La Fontaine ad Aspettando Godot. Ottima scelta.
Certo, conoscere il testo di Beckett aiuta: perch茅 猫 pi霉 facile fare il collegamento tra i vagabondi del drammaturgo irlandese (errante proprio come il suo concittadino Joyce) e i detenuti, tra l鈥檃ssurdit脿 della vita di chi aspetta Godot 鈥� che non arriva mai, ed 猫 pi霉 che probabile che chi lo aspetta, non lo conosca affatto, questo Godot 鈥� e l鈥檃ssurdit脿 della vita carceraria, che 猫 basata sull鈥檃ttesa. Attesa quotidiana: del pasto, dell鈥檕ra d鈥檃ria, delle visite, della posta. Attesa della fine della pena, attesa della liberazione.
A ben guardare anche la ripetitivit脿 di gesti e parole della coppia di vagabondi Vladimiro ed Estragone rispecchia l鈥檌mmobilit脿 e reiterazione esasperata della vita dietro le sbarre.
Il film francese m鈥櫭� parso perfetto per come rispetta i canoni del genere (o, sottogenere). Per come sa toccare la giusta corda al momento giusto. Il cast 猫 ottimo: nessuna star, tutti azzeccati, bravi e convincenti.
Forse c鈥櫭� un po鈥� d鈥檃ccumulo, un po鈥� troppe vicende personali. Tutto il contrario dell鈥檃pproccio scarno di Beckett, che probabilmente direbbe, Meno 猫 meglio. Ma un palcoscenico 猫 luogo diverso da uno schermo.
Quando raccontarono a Beckett quello che era successo in Svezia, il premio Nobel fu contento e comment貌 che gli sembrava un finale perfetto.
Il film svedese di Daniel Lind Lagerl枚f (1999).
Il film francese di Emmanuel Courcol (2020).
L鈥檕ccasione per due parole intorno al capolavoro di Samuel Beckett mi 猫 offerta da un film francese che ho visto di recente.
Film francese (Un triomphe 鈥� The Big Hit 鈥� Un anno con Godot) che si ispira a un fatto successo in Svezia nel 1985: cinque detenuti, impegnati dal carcere come attori di teatro, approfittarono di una replica teatrale per evadere.
Fatto che aveva gi脿 ispirato un film svedese del 1999: V盲gen ut 鈥� Breaking Out, del quale 猫 possibile esista anche un remake americano.
Il film francese parte da un attore in cattive acque 鈥� l鈥檜nico lavoro che sembra avere 猫 insegnare l鈥檋aka maori a dirigenti e impiegati di qualche azienda, scena che fa ridere ma mette anche alquanta tristezza 鈥� che accetta di sostituire un collega nell鈥檌ncarico di insegnare recitazione ai detenuti.
Che sono cinque, poi diventano sei 鈥� ma uno lascia il posto a un altro.
Il nostro attore si inventa dunque regista, pur non avendolo mai fatto. Ma un po鈥� di esperienza l'ha messa insieme lasciandosi dirigere da altri. E forse 猫 arrivato il momento di togliersi qualche sassolino dalla scarpa.
Capisce presto che l鈥檕ccasione per fare qualcosa di diverso, di meritevole, di rimarchevole 猫 ghiotta: e cos矛, appena possible sostituisce il testo di studio e pratica, dalle favole di La Fontaine ad Aspettando Godot. Ottima scelta.
Certo, conoscere il testo di Beckett aiuta: perch茅 猫 pi霉 facile fare il collegamento tra i vagabondi del drammaturgo irlandese (errante proprio come il suo concittadino Joyce) e i detenuti, tra l鈥檃ssurdit脿 della vita di chi aspetta Godot 鈥� che non arriva mai, ed 猫 pi霉 che probabile che chi lo aspetta, non lo conosca affatto, questo Godot 鈥� e l鈥檃ssurdit脿 della vita carceraria, che 猫 basata sull鈥檃ttesa. Attesa quotidiana: del pasto, dell鈥檕ra d鈥檃ria, delle visite, della posta. Attesa della fine della pena, attesa della liberazione.
A ben guardare anche la ripetitivit脿 di gesti e parole della coppia di vagabondi Vladimiro ed Estragone rispecchia l鈥檌mmobilit脿 e reiterazione esasperata della vita dietro le sbarre.
Il film francese m鈥櫭� parso perfetto per come rispetta i canoni del genere (o, sottogenere). Per come sa toccare la giusta corda al momento giusto. Il cast 猫 ottimo: nessuna star, tutti azzeccati, bravi e convincenti.
Forse c鈥櫭� un po鈥� d鈥檃ccumulo, un po鈥� troppe vicende personali. Tutto il contrario dell鈥檃pproccio scarno di Beckett, che probabilmente direbbe, Meno 猫 meglio. Ma un palcoscenico 猫 luogo diverso da uno schermo.
Quando raccontarono a Beckett quello che era successo in Svezia, il premio Nobel fu contento e comment貌 che gli sembrava un finale perfetto.
Il film svedese di Daniel Lind Lagerl枚f (1999).
September 10, 2017
Book Review
4 out of 5 stars to , written in 1952 by . Mankind in general is made up of both passive and active people. In Samuel Beckett鈥檚 absurdist play Waiting for Godot, there are four characters who can be directly compared to universal mankind. Estragon and Vladimir are considered passive people because they sit back and let life pass them by, unlike Pozzo and Lucky, who are active people because they live new adventures from day to day. Samuel Beckett鈥檚 play is a direct commentary on universal mankind and shows that the world is made up of 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� and 鈥淓nergizer bunnies鈥� who have distinct differences.
Estragon and Vladimir are the passive people and could be considered the 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� of today鈥檚 world. They sit around and do the same things day-in and day-out. 鈥淐ouch potatoes鈥� get up, watch TV, sleep, watch TV, eat, and rarely expend any energy. Estragon and Vladimir have daily rituals of removing boots, eating carrots, waiting for Godot, talking of beatings, and forgetting what they did the day before. Both 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� and Beckett鈥檚 characters do absolutely nothing and as a result, the days run into each other with no boundaries. There is confusion and chaos everywhere. Throughout his play, Samuel Beckett鈥檚 characters portray elements of mankind who do nothing and live in a world of inaction and laziness. They are passive like Estragon and Vladimir.
However, Pozzo and Lucky show the active elements of universal mankind. They could be considered the 鈥淓nergizer bunnies鈥� of today鈥檚 world. Lucky runs around, foams at the mouth, recites incomprehensible speeches, and carries his master around subserviently like a true slave. From day to day they visit new places and meet with Estragon and Vladimir in different atmospheres. Pozzo also is very active like an 鈥淓nergizer bunny." He, as well as Lucky, 鈥渒eep on licking and never take a licking.鈥� Together they are constantly on the move from new place to new place. Similar to the real people of the world, Pozzo and Lucky are active. The active people will hop a plane to Paris one day and the next be swimming in Sydney, Australia. They live new adventures daily like Pozzo and Lucky. The characters in Samuel Beckett鈥檚 play are directly related to universal mankind who at times can be an active people.
About Me
For those new to me or my reviews... here's the scoop: I read A LOT. I write A LOT. And now I blog A LOT. First the book review goes on 欧宝娱乐, and then I send it on over to my WordPress blog at , where you'll also find TV & Film reviews, the revealing and introspective 365 Daily Challenge and lots of blogging about places I've visited all over the world. And you can find all my social media profiles to get the details on the who/what/when/where and my pictures. Leave a comment and let me know what you think. Vote in the poll and ratings. Thanks for stopping by.
4 out of 5 stars to , written in 1952 by . Mankind in general is made up of both passive and active people. In Samuel Beckett鈥檚 absurdist play Waiting for Godot, there are four characters who can be directly compared to universal mankind. Estragon and Vladimir are considered passive people because they sit back and let life pass them by, unlike Pozzo and Lucky, who are active people because they live new adventures from day to day. Samuel Beckett鈥檚 play is a direct commentary on universal mankind and shows that the world is made up of 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� and 鈥淓nergizer bunnies鈥� who have distinct differences.
Estragon and Vladimir are the passive people and could be considered the 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� of today鈥檚 world. They sit around and do the same things day-in and day-out. 鈥淐ouch potatoes鈥� get up, watch TV, sleep, watch TV, eat, and rarely expend any energy. Estragon and Vladimir have daily rituals of removing boots, eating carrots, waiting for Godot, talking of beatings, and forgetting what they did the day before. Both 鈥渃ouch potatoes鈥� and Beckett鈥檚 characters do absolutely nothing and as a result, the days run into each other with no boundaries. There is confusion and chaos everywhere. Throughout his play, Samuel Beckett鈥檚 characters portray elements of mankind who do nothing and live in a world of inaction and laziness. They are passive like Estragon and Vladimir.
However, Pozzo and Lucky show the active elements of universal mankind. They could be considered the 鈥淓nergizer bunnies鈥� of today鈥檚 world. Lucky runs around, foams at the mouth, recites incomprehensible speeches, and carries his master around subserviently like a true slave. From day to day they visit new places and meet with Estragon and Vladimir in different atmospheres. Pozzo also is very active like an 鈥淓nergizer bunny." He, as well as Lucky, 鈥渒eep on licking and never take a licking.鈥� Together they are constantly on the move from new place to new place. Similar to the real people of the world, Pozzo and Lucky are active. The active people will hop a plane to Paris one day and the next be swimming in Sydney, Australia. They live new adventures daily like Pozzo and Lucky. The characters in Samuel Beckett鈥檚 play are directly related to universal mankind who at times can be an active people.
About Me
For those new to me or my reviews... here's the scoop: I read A LOT. I write A LOT. And now I blog A LOT. First the book review goes on 欧宝娱乐, and then I send it on over to my WordPress blog at , where you'll also find TV & Film reviews, the revealing and introspective 365 Daily Challenge and lots of blogging about places I've visited all over the world. And you can find all my social media profiles to get the details on the who/what/when/where and my pictures. Leave a comment and let me know what you think. Vote in the poll and ratings. Thanks for stopping by.
April 11, 2024
Estrag贸n: Vay谩monos.
Vladimiro: No podemos.
Estrag贸n: 驴Por qu茅?
Vladimiro: Porque estamos esperando a Godot.
Estrag贸n: Es verdad.
Y as铆, en torno a este tipo de di谩logos entre los personajes principales de 鈥淓sperando a Godot鈥�, una genialidad escrita por un genio llamado Samuel Beckett giran los no acontecimientos de esta obra de teatro. Es una obra en la que no pasa nada y a煤n as铆 pasa de todo.
Beckett dio el puntapi茅 inicial del 鈥淭eatro del absurdo鈥� a partir de la puesta en escena de su obra al a帽o siguiente de que fuera publicado su libro y nunca dej贸 de representarse en alg煤n lugar del mundo.
Eso es lo que sucede con las genialidades: llegan para quedarse y nunca desaparecen. Son eternas.
El minimalismo y la austeridad de la obra que s贸lo posee dos actos y con apenas un 谩rbol en escena adem谩s de los personajes, son suficientes para saber si Vladimiro y Estrag贸n, que esperan a un tal Godot (vaya nombre interesante) lograr谩n encontrarlo, pero a su vez divierten al lector con sus ocurrencias y las acciones que se suceden junto a s贸lo tres personajes m谩s, los incre铆bles Pozzo y Lucky y un muchacho, que aparece de vez en cuando.
Los di谩logos son cortos, 谩giles y los personajes hacen re铆r al lector. Imagino que los actores en escena deben generar muchas m谩s carcajadas. Una cosa es imaginarse la situaci贸n y otra es ver a los actores encarnando a Pozzo y Lucky tirando uno de una soga atada al otro.
Realmente, es incre铆ble como con tan pocos elementos puede un escritor lograr algo tan divertido y por sobre todo tan bien escrito (aunque le haya llevado casi un a帽o terminar de escribir la obra).
Como dec铆a en mi rese帽a de Macbeth, no es el teatro uno de mis formas literarias predilectas pero cuando leo libros como este, tan brillantes, lo disfruto al m谩ximo.
鈥淓sperando a Godot鈥� es una obra de teatro en la que tambi茅n nos encontraremos con dosis de existencialismo, descubrimos lo absurdo que solemos ser algunas veces los seres humanos, y para ello s贸lo basta con leer las reflexiones de Vladimiro o el alocado y 煤nico discurso de Lucky.
En una escena Estrag贸n dice: "Todos nacemos locos. Algunos lo siguen siendo."
Probablemente es esta una verdad en la que yo me incluir铆a (y que tal vez otros deber铆an considerarla).
Vladimiro: No podemos.
Estrag贸n: 驴Por qu茅?
Vladimiro: Porque estamos esperando a Godot.
Estrag贸n: Es verdad.
Y as铆, en torno a este tipo de di谩logos entre los personajes principales de 鈥淓sperando a Godot鈥�, una genialidad escrita por un genio llamado Samuel Beckett giran los no acontecimientos de esta obra de teatro. Es una obra en la que no pasa nada y a煤n as铆 pasa de todo.
Beckett dio el puntapi茅 inicial del 鈥淭eatro del absurdo鈥� a partir de la puesta en escena de su obra al a帽o siguiente de que fuera publicado su libro y nunca dej贸 de representarse en alg煤n lugar del mundo.
Eso es lo que sucede con las genialidades: llegan para quedarse y nunca desaparecen. Son eternas.
El minimalismo y la austeridad de la obra que s贸lo posee dos actos y con apenas un 谩rbol en escena adem谩s de los personajes, son suficientes para saber si Vladimiro y Estrag贸n, que esperan a un tal Godot (vaya nombre interesante) lograr谩n encontrarlo, pero a su vez divierten al lector con sus ocurrencias y las acciones que se suceden junto a s贸lo tres personajes m谩s, los incre铆bles Pozzo y Lucky y un muchacho, que aparece de vez en cuando.
Los di谩logos son cortos, 谩giles y los personajes hacen re铆r al lector. Imagino que los actores en escena deben generar muchas m谩s carcajadas. Una cosa es imaginarse la situaci贸n y otra es ver a los actores encarnando a Pozzo y Lucky tirando uno de una soga atada al otro.
Realmente, es incre铆ble como con tan pocos elementos puede un escritor lograr algo tan divertido y por sobre todo tan bien escrito (aunque le haya llevado casi un a帽o terminar de escribir la obra).
Como dec铆a en mi rese帽a de Macbeth, no es el teatro uno de mis formas literarias predilectas pero cuando leo libros como este, tan brillantes, lo disfruto al m谩ximo.
鈥淓sperando a Godot鈥� es una obra de teatro en la que tambi茅n nos encontraremos con dosis de existencialismo, descubrimos lo absurdo que solemos ser algunas veces los seres humanos, y para ello s贸lo basta con leer las reflexiones de Vladimiro o el alocado y 煤nico discurso de Lucky.
En una escena Estrag贸n dice: "Todos nacemos locos. Algunos lo siguen siendo."
Probablemente es esta una verdad en la que yo me incluir铆a (y que tal vez otros deber铆an considerarla).
September 7, 2023
"Well? What do we do?"
"Don't let's do anything. It's safer."
"Let's wait and see what he says."
"Who?"
"Godot. You'd make me laugh if it wasn't prohibited."
"We've lost our rights?"
"We got rid of them."
This bizarre and unsettling play is about life, death, hope and loss of hope. We always search for a meaning for our existence. Sometimes we find what we are looking for, but often we are left wanting and waiting. Waiting for the unreachable. It is morning, the sun is shining, there is yet hope for us. We wait...for something or someone to diminish this boredom and loneliness, to give some meaning to what we call "life". We wait. The night falls. Everywhere is dark. There is nothing, everything is dead but a tree. We decide to end it all. But there is no rope to hang ourselves with! What if we wake up tomorrow and wait some more; hope some more? What if tomorrow would be different? If not, we can always bring a piece of rope with us the next time we go to the tree.
"Don't let's do anything. It's safer."
"Let's wait and see what he says."
"Who?"
"Godot. You'd make me laugh if it wasn't prohibited."
"We've lost our rights?"
"We got rid of them."
This bizarre and unsettling play is about life, death, hope and loss of hope. We always search for a meaning for our existence. Sometimes we find what we are looking for, but often we are left wanting and waiting. Waiting for the unreachable. It is morning, the sun is shining, there is yet hope for us. We wait...for something or someone to diminish this boredom and loneliness, to give some meaning to what we call "life". We wait. The night falls. Everywhere is dark. There is nothing, everything is dead but a tree. We decide to end it all. But there is no rope to hang ourselves with! What if we wake up tomorrow and wait some more; hope some more? What if tomorrow would be different? If not, we can always bring a piece of rope with us the next time we go to the tree.
November 3, 2015
賲毓賳丕 亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 賵 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 : 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 爻乇诏卮鬲賴 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 亘蹖 乇丨賲
賴亘賵胤 賵丕賯毓蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賴 丿乇 毓丿賳貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 賯乇賳 賲丕 乇禺 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲.亘毓丿 丕夭 丕賳亘丕卮鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙賲丕 賲毓氐賵賲蹖鬲 賱丕夭賲 亘乇丕蹖 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 亘賴 賴乇诏賵賳賴 鬲賵噩蹖賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賴 丕蹖賲.鬲賳賴丕 賯胤毓蹖丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賲丕賳丿賴 丕賳丿貙噩毓賱蹖 亘賵丿賳 賴賲賴 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 鬲賮爻蹖乇蹖 賵 睾蹖乇賯丕亘賱 賮賴賲 亘賵丿賳 丕爻丕爻蹖 鬲噩乇亘賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕爻鬲
丕乇蹖讴 賱賵蹖/ 亘讴鬲 賵 賳丿丕蹖 丕賳賵丕毓
鬲卅丕鬲夭 丕亘夭賵乇丿 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 丌乇丕蹖卮 賳卮丿賴 丕夭 賴爻鬲蹖 丌丿賲蹖 丿乇 毓氐乇蹖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 讴卮丿 讴賴 亘丕 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丕乇夭卮 賴丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 爻賱亘 丕賲讴丕賳 鬲毓丕賲賱 賵 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賲蹖丕賳 丌丿賲蹖丕賳貙 倬賵趩 賵 毓丕乇蹖 丕夭 賴乇 賲毓賳丕蹖蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮貙丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 丿乇亘丕乇賴 毓賱鬲 賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 讴賳丕乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 賮賯胤 賳賲丕蹖蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 禺丕賱蹖 丕夭 賲毓賳丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 鬲賴丿蹖丿讴賳賳丿賴貙 賵蹖乇丕賳诏乇 賵 賴乇丕爻 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 蹖讴 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 乇丕蹖噩貙 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 亘丕 亘丕 鬲毓丕乇蹖賮蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 "倬賵趩蹖貙 賮賱爻賮賴 倬賵趩 诏乇丕蹖蹖 賵 ... " 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴賴 讴丕賲賱丕 賳丕丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲.賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮 賵囟毓蹖鬲蹖 丨丕丿孬 卮丿賴 賵 賳賴 匕丕鬲蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 禺賱賯 賲毓丕賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇蹖 丕爻丕爻蹖 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 賲蹖 讴卮丿.
丿乇 鬲卅丕賳乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 賮乇賲貙爻丕禺鬲丕乇 賵 丕鬲賲爻賮乇 乇丕 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丕夭 賲毓賳丕 賵 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 毓賯賱丕賳蹖 丕孬乇 噩丿丕 讴乇丿. 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 诏賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 亘賴 賳丨賵蹖 睾蹖乇賯丕亘賱 鬲賮讴蹖讴 亘丕 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 诏賮鬲賳 丌賳 倬蹖賵爻鬲诏蹖 丿丕乇丿 賵 亘賴 賴蹖趩 賳丨賵賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳 乇丕 诏賮鬲. 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮 - 丌睾丕夭貙 賲蹖丕賳賴貙 倬丕蹖丕賳 (夭賲蹖賳賴 賵 賲毓乇賮蹖貙 诏乇賴 丕賮讴賳蹖貙 诏乇賴 诏卮丕蹖蹖) - 亘賴 讴賱蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 爻蹖乇 禺胤蹖 賲乇爻賵賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 丨丕賱鬲 丿賵乇丕賳蹖 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 禺蹖丕賱 倬乇丿丕夭丕賳賴 賵 乇賵蹖丕诏賵賳賴貙 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 诏乇賵鬲爻讴貙 讴賳卮 賴丕 - 丕诏乇 讴賳卮蹖 乇禺 丿賴丿 - 丿乇 賮囟丕蹖蹖 爻賵乇卅丕賱 賵 亘賴 丿賵乇 丕夭 賴乇诏賵賳賴 乇丕亘胤賴 毓賱鬲 賵 賲毓賱賵賱蹖 丕賳丿. 賲賵賳賵賱賵诏 賴丕 賵 噩乇蹖丕賳 爻蹖丕賱 匕賴賳蹖 亘賴 胤賵乇 乇蹖鬲賲蹖讴 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮丿賴 貙亘蹖 賲毓賳蹖 賵 亘丿賵賳 賲禺丕胤亘 賵 倬乇 丕夭 鬲賳丕賯囟 丕賳丿 賵 丿趩丕乇 诏爻爻鬲 賳丕诏賴丕賳蹖 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕亘夭賵乇丿 爻丕乇鬲乇 亘乇 丕氐賱 "丕賲鬲賳丕毓 丕爻丕爻蹖 鬲卅丕鬲乇" 鬲丕讴蹖丿 賲蹖 讴賳丿.亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕蹖賳 丕氐賱 丿乇 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賳賵 丕夭 乇賵丕賳 卮賳丕爻蹖 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕貙胤乇丨 賵 乇卅丕賱蹖爻賲 丕噩鬲賳丕亘 賲蹖 卮賵丿. ( 亘丿賵賳 胤乇丨 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 亘蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 賳賴 亘丿賵賳 胤乇丨 讴賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮. 趩乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲 賳賲賵賳賴 賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 爻亘讴貙 胤乇丨 讴賱蹖 賲賵噩賵丿 丕爻鬲.)
賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丨賵夭賴 丿賵 賲賵囟賵毓 賲賴賲 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲卮鬲乇讴 丿乇 丌孬丕乇 禺賵丿 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿: 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賵 鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇 賵 丕囟賲丨賱丕賱 賮乇丿蹖鬲.丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丕禺鬲賴 賵 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 亘賴 胤乇夭蹖 賲賳夭賵蹖 賵 丕夭 禺賵丿 亘蹖诏丕賳賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿 蹖丕 亘丕 鬲讴乇丕乇 丕賱诏賵蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 睾丕賱亘貙 賴賲 乇賳诏 卮丿賴 亘丕 噩賲丕毓鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 蹖丕亘丿
丿乇 讴丕卅賳丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賳丕诏賴丕賳 賴賲賴 鬲賵賴賲丕鬲 賵 亘丕乇賯賴 賴丕蹖 丕賲蹖丿 賳丕倬丿蹖丿 卮丿賴 丕賳丿貙 丕賳爻丕賳 賳丕趩丕乇丕 丕丨爻丕爻 睾乇蹖亘诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵囟毓蹖鬲 丕賵 亘賴 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賮乇丿蹖 鬲亘毓蹖丿 卮丿賴 賲蹖 賲丕賳丿 讴賴 賴蹖趩 毓賱丕噩蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇丿賴丕蹖卮 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿貙 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 禺丕胤乇丕鬲卮 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲賵胤賳蹖 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賴 賲丨乇賵賲 丕爻鬲 賵 丕蹖囟丕 丕賲蹖丿蹖 賴賲 亘賴 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 爻乇夭賲蹖賳 賲賵毓賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 噩丿丕蹖蹖 亘蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賵貙 亘蹖賳 亘丕夭蹖诏乇 賵 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 丨賯蹖賯鬲丕 丕丨爻丕爻 賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕賵乇丿. 讴丕賲賵
爻賯賵胤 賮乇丿蹖鬲 亘丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿丕卮鬲賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 賲蹖丕賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕 賵 噩丕亘噩丕蹖蹖 賳賯卮 賴丕 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 夭亘丕賳 丿乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 蹖丕丿 丌賵乇 丕賵賴丕賲 賵 丕夭 賴賲 诏爻蹖禺鬲诏蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 賵賴賲 丕賳诏蹖夭 丕爻鬲.夭亘丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 丕賳夭賵丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 賵蹖 丕夭 賲乇丕賵丿賴 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖 丿賴丿.亘賳丕 亘乇 毓賯蹖丿賴 亘讴鬲貙丕蹖賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕夭 賲乇丕賵丿賴 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 賳丕卮蹖 賲蹖 卮賵丿貙蹖毓賳蹖 夭亘丕賳 禺賵丿 賲丕賳毓 賲乇丕賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.丕賲丕 亘賴 夭毓賲 蹖賵賳爻讴賵 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕 丿乇 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳賳丿 趩賵賳 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賳丿丕乇丿.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 丕亘夭賵乇丿貙賴乇诏夭 趩蹖夭蹖 乇賵卮賳 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿貙毓賲賱蹖 氐賵乇鬲 賳賲蹖 倬匕蹖乇丿貙 賴乇诏夭 倬蹖丕賲蹖 賲賳鬲賯賱 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿. 亘賳丕 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 蹖賵賳爻讴賵 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕亘夭賵乇丿 倬蹖丕賲蹖 乇丕 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賳賲蹖 丿賴丿 亘賱讴賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 鬲丕 鬲賳賴丕 爻禺賳蹖 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 讴賳丿
"丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵"
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賮乇丕禺賵丕賳蹖 倬乇卮賵乇 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵毓蹖 丕蹖賲丕賳 噩丿蹖丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 丿蹖賳蹖 爻鬲. 賲卮讴賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖 卮賵丿 蹖賯蹖賳丕 賲丕賴蹖鬲蹖 賲丕亘毓丿丕賱胤亘蹖毓蹖 丿丕乇丿. 趩丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲 丨夭賳 夭丿賴 賳賴 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖貙 爻丕夭诏丕乇蹖 乇賵丕賳蹖 賵 丿丕乇賵賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 倬夭卮讴丕賳 鬲噩賵蹖夭 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿貙 亘賱讴賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮蹖 噩丿蹖丿 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 亘丕 毓丕賱賲 賴爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲.丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲丕 丕蹖賳 丨丿 賲丨鬲丕噩 賲毓賳賵蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賴丕蹖 讴賴賳賴 卮丿賴 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 禺丿丕 乇丕 鬲噩丿蹖丿 賳馗乇 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿 賵 蹖丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 讴乇賳賵丿賱
賳賲丕蹖卮 賴丕蹖 亘讴鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 賮丕賯丿 倬蹖 乇賳诏 賴爻鬲賳丿. 趩賳丿 氐丿丕蹖蹖 亘賵丿賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 亘賴 噩丕蹖 亘爻胤 禺胤蹖貙 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 乇丕 亘丕 爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖 爻丕夭賲丕賳 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕夭 诏夭丕乇賴 賴丕 賵 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 乇賵亘乇賵 賲蹖 讴賳丿貙 毓亘丕乇丕鬲 賵 鬲氐賵蹖乇賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賳賮賵匕 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 賵 賮賯胤 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖鬲卮丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丿乇讴卮丕賳 讴乇丿貙 賳賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 丿乇賵賳 賲丕蹖賴 賴丕蹖蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕賲丕 賴賲丕賴賳诏 亘丕卮賳丿 讴賴 亘丕 鬲毓丕賲賱 賴賲 夭賲丕賳 丕乇丕卅賴 蹖 賲毓賳丕 讴賳賳丿.
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 乇丕 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賲賴賲 鬲乇蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 丿丕賳爻鬲. 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 5 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿: 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 (丿蹖 丿蹖) - 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 (诏賵诏賵) - 倬賵鬲夭賵 - 賱丕讴蹖 賵 倬爻乇亘趩賴 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳. 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 賲讴丕賳 賵 夭賲丕賳 賲卮丕亘賴蹖 丕鬲賮丕賯 賲蹖 丕賮鬲丿. 丿乇禺鬲 亘蹖丿蹖 禺卮讴貙乇賵蹖 鬲賱蹖 讴賳丕乇 噩丕丿賴 丕蹖 亘蹖乇賵賳 卮賴乇貙丿賵乇 丕賮鬲丕丿賴 賵 睾乇蹖亘. 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 乇賵夭 乇丕 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 亘賴 卮亘 賲蹖 乇爻丕賳賳丿.
诏賵丿賵 讴蹖爻鬲責 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲乇賲賵夭 讴賴 賴賵蹖鬲 賵 賵噩賵丿卮 賴乇诏夭 賮丕卮 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 趩蹖夭蹖 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 亘賴 丕乇賲睾丕賳 丌賵乇丿. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 趩蹖夭 趩蹖爻鬲責 賲乇诏責 賳噩丕鬲責 丿賱蹖賱蹖 亘乇丕蹖 亘賵丿賳責 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 禺賵丿 賮乇丕賲賵卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 讴賴 趩乇丕 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳賲蹖 丌賵乇丿 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘丕 卮讴 賲蹖 诏賵蹖丿 卮丕蹖丿 蹖讴 賱胤賮 禺賵丕爻鬲賴 丕蹖賲貙 趩蹖夭蹖 賳丕賲卮禺氐貙 卮丕蹖丿 蹖讴 丿毓丕. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賲賳鬲馗乇 诏賵丿賵 賴爻鬲賳丿 鬲丕 亘丕 丌賲丿賳卮 噩乇蹖丕賳 夭賲丕賳 乇丕 賲鬲賵賯賮 讴賳丿. " 丕賲卮亘 卮丕蹖丿 鬲賵 噩丕卮 亘禺賵丕亘蹖賲貙 蹖讴 噩丕蹖 诏乇賲 賵 賳乇賲. 卮讴賲賲丕賳 爻蹖乇 乇賵蹖 倬賵卮丕賱. 賲蹖 丕乇夭丿 賲賳鬲馗乇卮 亘丕卮蹖賲貙 賲诏乇 賳賴責" 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳 賯爻賲鬲 丿乇 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 丨匕賮 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
亘讴鬲 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 丌賱賳 丕卮賳丕蹖丿乇 讴丕乇诏乇丿丕賳 丕賵賱蹖賳 丕噩乇丕蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 诏賵丿賵 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 诏賵丿賵 讴蹖爻鬲貙丕诏乇 賲蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲賲 讴賴 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲蹖 诏賮鬲賲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 丕賳诏蹖夭賴 賴丕蹖 賯賵蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賲丕 乇丕 賵爻賵爻賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 诏賵丿賵 乇丕 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 禺丿丕 丿乇 賳馗乇 亘诏蹖乇蹖賲. 诏賵丿賵 賴乇诏夭 禺賵丿 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賳賲蹖 丿賴丿貙乇蹖卮 亘賱賳丿 爻賮蹖丿蹖 丿丕乇丿(亘乇 丕爻丕爻 氐丨亘鬲 賴丕蹖 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇) 貙 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳卮 讴賵丿讴蹖 趩賵倬丕賳 丕爻鬲 (丕讴孬乇 倬蹖丕賲亘乇丕賳 卮亘丕賳 诏賱賴 亘賵丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賲孬蹖賱 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿). 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 亘乇丕丿乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 诏賵丿賵 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丿賱丕蹖賱 賳丕賲毓賱賵賲 亘丕 賵蹖 亘丿 乇賮鬲丕乇 丕爻鬲.丌蹖丕 亘讴鬲 亘賴 賴丕亘蹖賱 賵 賯丕卅賳 賵 賲丕噩乇丕蹖 賳倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賳 賴丿丕蹖丕蹖 賯丕卅賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丿丕乇丿責 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕夭 诏賵丿賵 賴乇丕爻丕賳 丕賳丿 賵 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 鬲氐賵乇 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 诏賵丿賵 丿乇 丨丕賱 丌賲丿賳 丕爻鬲 賴乇丕爻丕賳 卮丿賴 賵 爻毓蹖 丿乇 倬賳賴丕賳 讴乇丿賳 禺賵丿 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿. 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 鬲乇爻丕賳 卮丿賳 丌丿賲 賵 丨賵丕 賵 倬賳賴丕賳 卮丿賳 丕夭 禺丿丕 丿丕乇丿責 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 倬賵鬲夭賵 丿乇 倬乇丿賴 丕賵賱 亘丕 丕賯鬲丿丕乇 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賴乇 丿賵 鬲乇爻蹖丿賴 賵 賵蹖 乇丕 亘丕 诏賵丿賵 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿.
亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 诏賵丿賵 趩賴 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 賲丿丕禺賱賴 蹖讴 毓丕賲賱 賲丕賵乇丕蹖 胤亘蹖毓蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 賵 趩賴 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻胤賵乇賴 丕蹖 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴賳丿賴 蹖 賲賵毓賵丿 亘丕卮丿貙 賲丕賴蹖鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丿乇噩賴 丿賵賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿. 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮 卮禺氐 诏賵丿賵 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 讴賳卮 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賵 賲毓囟賱 夭賲丕賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 噩賳亘賴 丕蹖 禺丕氐 賵 丕爻丕爻蹖 丕夭 賵囟毓蹖鬲 亘卮乇蹖 爻鬲. 賲丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 賲賳鬲馗乇 趩蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲蹖賲 賵 诏賵丿賵 賳卮丕賳诏乇 睾丕蹖鬲 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賲丕爻鬲 賵 亘爻貙 蹖讴 卮蹖貙 蹖讴 丨丕丿孬賴貙 蹖讴 賮乇丿 賵 蹖丕 賲乇诏. 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 讴賳卮 夭賲丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 賳丕亘 鬲乇蹖賳 賵 賵丕囟丨 鬲乇蹖賳 丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丿 鬲噩乇亘賴 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲.
鬲毓丿丕丿蹖 丕夭 噩賲賱丕鬲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 亘讴鬲 賳蹖夭 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 賲賴賲 鬲乇蹖賳 丌賳貙 毓亘丕乇鬲 "賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 丌賯丕" 爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賵爻胤 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 诏賵丿賵 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿.丕蹖賳 毓亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 賲賵賱賵蹖 賳蹖夭 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 卮丕蹖丿 氐丿丕蹖 丌賳 鬲亘賴讴丕乇蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 爻丕賱 賴丕 倬蹖卮 亘讴鬲 乇丕 賲噩乇賵丨 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘讴鬲 丿乇 爻丕賱 1937 鬲賵爻胤 蹖讴 夭賵乇诏蹖乇 丿乇 禺蹖丕亘丕賳 亘賴 卮丿鬲 賲噩乇賵丨 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 囟丕乇亘 倬爻 丕夭 诏乇賮鬲賳 讴蹖賮 倬賵賱 亘讴鬲貙 亘蹖 丿賱蹖賱 賵蹖 乇丕 亘丕 趩賳丿 囟乇亘賴 蹖 趩丕賯賵 賲噩乇賵丨 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 亘讴鬲 倬爻 丕夭 亘賴亘賵丿 亘丕 囟丕乇亘 禺賵丿 丿乇 夭丕賳丿丕賳 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕夭 丌賳 鬲亘賴讴丕乇 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿 讴賴 趩乇丕 賵蹖 乇丕 噩丕賯賵 夭丿賴 賵 丕賵 倬丕爻禺 賲蹖 丿賴丿 :賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 丌賯丕
亘丕 丌賳 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賮乇丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貙丕賲丕 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賲蹖丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 鬲賲丕蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻丕爻蹖 丿乇 亘乇乇爻蹖 賴丕蹖 锟斤拷賯蹖賯 鬲乇 賯丕卅賱 卮丿.賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 亘乇 丨爻亘 丕賱诏賵蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴丕蹖 讴賲丿蹖貙 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 乇丕 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賯丕賱亘蹖 "賲乇丿 噩丿蹖 賵 丌賯丕蹖 讴賵丿賳" 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲 讴賴 賲讴賲賱 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿. 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲 鬲氐賲蹖賲 诏蹖乇蹖 賴丕貙賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳賯卮 賳賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賮鬲诏賵 賴丕 乇丕 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 亘賴 倬蹖卮 賲蹖 亘乇丿貙丕賲丕 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿乇 噩賵丕亘 丨乇賮 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 賲毓賳蹖 賲蹖 夭賳丿 賵 诏賮鬲诏賵 賯胤毓 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 丕蹖賳 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲乇鬲亘丕 賲鬲匕讴乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴賴 丌賳 賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 賲賳鬲馗乇 诏賵丿賵 亘賲丕賳賳丿. 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 倬爻乇讴 倬蹖丕賲 乇爻丕賳 爻賵丕賱 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿貙 賮讴乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 爻禺賳丕賳卮 诏丕賴蹖 趩丕卮賳蹖 賮賱爻賮賴 丿丕乇丿貙 亘賴 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 噩爻賲蹖 禺賵丿 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲丨丕賮馗鬲 賲蹖 賳賲丕蹖丿. 丿乇 毓賵囟 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲乇鬲亘丕 亘賴 丕賲賵乇 賲毓賲賵賱蹖 鬲賵噩賴 鬲丕賲 丿丕乇丿.丿乇丿 倬丕貙賲卮讴賱 倬賵鬲蹖賳 賴丕貙 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賴賵蹖噩 賵 賳賴 噩丕蹖 卮賱睾賲貙 丿乇禺賵丕爻鬲 倬賵賱 賵 丕爻鬲禺賵丕賳 賴丕蹖 亘丕賯蹖 賲丕賳丿賴 丕夭 倬賵鬲夭賵. 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴 诏乇賮鬲 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 丿賵賳 賲乇鬲亘賴 丕爻鬲 賵 賴蹖趩 丿賱 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮蹖 丕蹖 賳丿丕乇丿. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕爻蹖乇 鬲丕孬蹖乇蹖 丿乇 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴 ( 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 亘丕 诏賵丿賵) 賳丿丕乇丿貙 丌賳丕賳 讴賴 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 賲毓賳丕 爻禺鬲 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮賳丿貙 夭賵丿鬲乇 丕夭 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 賲賳賮毓賱丕賳賴 賲賳鬲馗乇 倬蹖丿丕 卮丿賳 賲毓賳丕 賴爻鬲賳丿 亘賴 丌賳 丿爻鬲 賳賲蹖 蹖丕亘賳丿.
丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賴乇 丿賵 丿乇诏蹖乇 賲丨賳鬲 賴爻鬲賳丿. 亘讴鬲 亘賴 胤賵乇 囟賲賳蹖 亘賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮 亘毓丿 賮賱爻賮蹖 "賲爻卅賱賴 乇賳噩" 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賵 賲蹖丕賳 賵噩賴 丿乇丿 讴卮蹖丿賳 賵 乇賳噩 亘乇丿賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 賯丕卅賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕夭 賳丕丨蹖賴 倬丕 丿乇丿 賲蹖 讴卮丿 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘丕亘鬲 賲卮讴賱蹖 丿乇 丿賮毓 丕丿乇丕乇 乇賳噩 賲蹖 亘乇丿.
丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丕亘蹖丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 噩賳蹖賳蹖貙鬲氐賵蹖乇 亘丕夭诏卮鬲 亘賴 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 賵 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 亘賵丿賳 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 讴卮丿 (亘賳丕 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 蹖 诏賵诏賳賴丕蹖賲 亘讴鬲 禺丕胤乇賴 蹖 賵丨卮鬲賳丕讴蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丿丕卮鬲. 丕賵 賲丿丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇賴 乇賳噩 賲蹖 讴卮蹖丿 賵 亘丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丌賵乇丿賳 丕蹖賳 丕丨爻丕爻 讴賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 禺賮賴 卮丿賳 亘賵丿 賲丿丕賲 賲賳賯賱亘 賲蹖 卮丿) . 爻倬爻 禺賵丕亘蹖 讴賴 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲蹖 亘蹖賳丿 賵 讴賱賲賴 丕蹖 丕夭 丌賳 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿...爻賯賵胤... 賴亘賵胤 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 亘蹖 賲毓賳丕責
丿賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿蹖诏乇貙倬賵鬲夭賵 賵 賱丕讴蹖 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇貙 丌賳鬲蹖 鬲夭 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿 丕賲丕 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 噩爻賲丕賳蹖 賵 賮乇丕噩爻賲丕賳蹖 亘丕 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賵 丕鬲氐丕賱 丕賳丿.賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 乇丕 丿賵 賯胤亘 賲鬲賯丕亘賱 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲.倬丿乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 倬爻乇貙 賲丕丿乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賮乇夭賳丿 (胤賳丕亘 亘賴 賲賳夭賱賴 亘賳丿 賳丕賮)貙 丕乇亘丕亘 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 亘乇丿賴貙 丿賱賯讴 爻蹖乇讴 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 丨蹖賵丕賳 鬲乇亘蹖鬲 卮丿賴 ( 倬賵鬲夭賵 賵爻丕蹖賱 爻蹖乇讴 卮丕賲賱 卮賱丕賯貙趩賴丕乇倬丕蹖賴貙胤賳丕亘 賵 ... 乇丕 丿乇 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 賵乇賵丿 丌賳 賴丕 賲丕賳賳丿 卮乇賵毓 蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮 賲囟丨讴 爻蹖乇讴 丕爻鬲) 賵 蹖丕 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 賮乇賵蹖丿 禺賵丿 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賳賴丕丿.
丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 亘乇鬲乇 丕夭 倬賵鬲夭賵 賵 賱丕讴蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿. 賳賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘丕賵乇卮丕賳 亘賴 诏賵丿賵貙 亘賱讴賴 趩賵賳 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 丌賳 丿賵 爻丕丿賴 賱賵丨 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿.丌賳 賴丕 亘賴 讴賳卮貙孬乇賵鬲 蹖丕 毓賯賱 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿. 丌賳丕賳 丌诏丕賴賳丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖 丿賴蹖賲 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 讴賳卮 匕丕鬲丕 鬲賵賴賲 夭賲丕賳貙 賴蹖趩 丕爻鬲. 丌诏丕賴賳丿 讴賴 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 乇丕賴 丨賱 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 丌賳 賴丕 亘賴 賱丕讴蹖 賵 倬賵鬲夭賵 亘乇鬲乇蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 趩賵賳 讴賲鬲乇 禺賵丿賲丨賵乇賳丿 賵 讴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 鬲賵賴賲 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕賵丕 賲鬲賲賳貙乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻 蹖賵賳诏蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕賵乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 讴丕乇讴乇丿 诏賵丿賵 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵丕亘爻鬲诏丕賳 亘賴 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 賳丕賴卮蹖丕乇 賳诏賴 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 丕賲蹖丿 賵 毓丕丿鬲 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇蹖 讴賴 亘毓丿 丕夭 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳 賴丕 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 诏賵丿賵 亘蹖丕蹖丿 丌禺乇蹖賳 鬲賵賴賲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 禺賵丿卮丕賳 賵 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕夭 賲蹖 丿丕乇丿. 丿乇 賱丨馗賴 丌禺乇 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賴賵卮蹖丕乇蹖 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 賳賲丕賳丿賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賮賴賲丿 丿乇 乇賵蹖丕 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕蹖丿 亘蹖丿丕乇 卮賵丿 賵 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕 - 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賴爻鬲 - 乇賵亘乇賵 卮賵丿貙 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 诏賵丿賵 賲蹖 乇爻丿 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丕賳賮毓丕賱 鬲賵賴賲 賲蹖 讴卮丕賳丿. 亘讴鬲 丿乇 賲賯丕賱賴 丕蹖 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 倬乇賵爻鬲貙亘賴 胤賵乇 囟賲賳蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 噩賳亘賴 丕夭 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 蹖毓賳蹖 "毓丕丿鬲 丕賲蹖丿 丿丕卮鬲賳" 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 : 毓丕丿鬲 夭賳噩蹖乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 爻诏 乇丕 亘賴 丕爻鬲賮乇丕睾卮 賲蹖 亘賳丿丿貙 賳賮爻 讴卮蹖丿賳 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲. 夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 鬲乇噩蹖丨丕 鬲賵丕賱蹖 毓丕丿鬲 賴丕爻鬲 噩賵賳 賮乇丿 丿乇 丕孬乇 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 倬蹖 丿乇 倬蹖貙鬲賵丕賱蹖 賮乇丿 賴丕爻鬲. 倬爻 毓丕丿鬲 賳丕賲 賲蹖孬丕賯 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇蹖 爻鬲 賲蹖丕賳 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇 爻賵跇賴 讴賴 賲噩賲賵毓丕 賮乇丿 乇丕 賲蹖 爻丕夭丿 賵 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇 丕亘跇賴 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 卮丕賳. 丿賵乇賴 賴丕蹖 诏匕丕乇 讴賴 爻丕夭诏丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖 倬蹖 丿乇 倬蹖 賮乇丿 乇丕 丕夭 賴賲 噩丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賳賲丕蹖丕賳诏乇 賳賵丕丨蹖 倬乇 賲禺丕胤乇賴 丕蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賮乇丿 丕爻鬲. 倬乇 禺胤乇貙 亘蹖 孬亘丕鬲貙 倬乇 丿乇丿貙 倬乇 乇丕夭 賵 禺賱丕賯貙 賵賯鬲蹖 賱丨馗賴 丕蹖 乇賳噩 賴爻鬲蹖 噩丕蹖 賲賱丕賱 賴爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿.
诏爻賳乇 丿乇 乇爻丕賱賴 丕蹖 禺賵丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴 亘讴鬲 毓賳賵丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 趩賴丕乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 45 亘丕乇 丕夭 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賯丕卅賲 讴賴 賳賲丕丿 卮丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 爻鬲 禺丕乇噩 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿.
卮乇賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 毓亘丕乇鬲 丕爻鬲: 讴丕乇蹖 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴乇丿.丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賵 丿乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 賮囟丕蹖 讴賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 乇丕 賲卮禺氐 賲蹖 讴賳丿.賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 讴丕乇蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 卮賵丿 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 乇禺 丿賴丿. 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賴蹖趩 讴丕乇蹖 賳賲蹖 讴賳賳丿.丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丌賳丕賳 亘蹖 毓賲賱蹖 乇丕 讴賲 禺胤乇 鬲乇蹖賳 毓賲賱 賲賲讴賳 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕賳丿.
賲囟賲賵賳 丿賵 丿夭丿 亘乇 乇賵蹖 氐賱蹖亘 賲囟賲賵賳 毓丿賲 賯胤毓蹖鬲 丿乇 丕賲蹖丿 亘賴 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 賵 亘禺卮賵丿賴 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲貙 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘乇 鬲賲丕賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 爻丕蹖賴 丕賮讴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 賲囟賲賵賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 爻賵丕賱 卮丿 賵蹖 趩賳蹖賳 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿: 丿乇 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴丕蹖 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻 噩賲賱賴 卮诏賮鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲貙 讴丕卮 賱丕鬲蹖賳 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丿丕卮鬲賲. 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賱丕鬲蹖賳 丨鬲蹖 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇 丕爻鬲. " 賳丕丕賲蹖丿 賳亘丕卮蹖丿貙蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賵 丿夭丿 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 卮丿. 賲胤賲卅賳 賳亘丕卮蹖丿貙 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賵 丿夭丿 亘賴 賱毓賳鬲 丕亘丿蹖 诏乇賮鬲丕乇 卮丿."
讴丕乇亘乇丿 賳賲丕丿 賴丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賵丕囟丨 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲讴 禺賵乇丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 禺賵丕亘蹖丿賳 丿乇 賳賴乇 蹖丕丿丌賵乇 賲孬賱 爻丕賲乇蹖 賳蹖讴賵* 丿乇 毓賴丿 噩丿蹖丿 丕爻鬲貙亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賴 丿蹖诏乇 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴賳丿賴 丕蹖 亘賴 丿丕丿 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賳賲蹖 乇爻丿. 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 丿乇 氐丨賳賴 賵 鬲賱蹖 讴賴 亘乇 丌賳 丿乇禺鬲蹖 賳蹖賲賴 禺卮讴 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿 賵 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴 丿賵乇丕賮鬲丕丿賴 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貙 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 蹖丕丿丌賵乇 賵賯丕蹖毓 噩賲毓賴 丕賱氐賱蹖亘 亘丕卮丿 (鬲賱蹖 亘蹖乇賳 丕夭 卮賴乇 = 鬲倬賴 噩賱噩鬲丕貙 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 = 丿賵 丿夭丿貙 趩賵亘 = 氐賱蹖亘貙 賳賲丕丿 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 丿乇 亘賴丕乇).
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賴 丌賲丿賳 诏賵丿賵 丿乇 丌賳 卮賳亘賴 賲賵毓賵丿 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿.丌蹖丕 丕賲乇賵夭 卮賳亘賴 丕爻鬲責 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 賴賲丕賳 卮賳亘賴 賲丕亘蹖賳 噩賲毓賴 丕賱氐賱蹖亘 ** 賵 蹖讴卮賳亘賴 乇爻鬲丕禺蹖夭 丕爻鬲責丌賳 賮囟丕蹖 禺丕賱蹖 賲蹖丕賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺責 卮賳亘賴 丕蹖 讴賴 亘丕 蹖丕爻貙 鬲乇爻 丨賵丕乇蹖賵賳貙 爻讴賵鬲 賵 睾蹖亘鬲 禺丿丕 賵 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賴賲乇丕賴 亘賵丿責 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 讴鬲丕亘 賲賯丿爻 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 卮賳亘賴 蹖 爻讴賵賳 賲蹖 賲丕賳丿 賵 賴蹖趩 蹖讴卮賳亘賴 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 賵 賯蹖丕賲蹖 丿乇 讴丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲.
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿乇 丨蹖賳 賲乇賵乇 禺丕胤乇丕鬲貙亘賴 丕賮鬲丕丿賳 丿乇 乇賵丿禺丕賳賴 賵 睾乇賯 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿.丕蹖賳 乇丕 賳蹖夭 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丕蹖 亘賴 鬲毓賲蹖丿 丌亘 賵 鬲賵賱丿 鬲丕夭賴 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲. 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賳 賳丕賲 賴丕亘蹖賱 賵 賯丕卅賳 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮貙毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕乇夭卮 賳賲丕丿蹖賳貙 賳卮丕賳 丕夭 噩賴丕賳 卮賲賵賱 亘賵丿賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿丕乇丿.
丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲讴賳蹖讴 賴丕蹖 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 亘賴 丌卮賮鬲賴 丕賳丿蹖卮蹖 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 賵 賲亘鬲匕賱 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賳 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丌丿賲蹖 丕卮丕乇賴 讴乇丿(賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 蹖讴丿诏蹖乇 乇丕 丿乇 丌睾賵卮 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿貙丕賲丕 賮賵乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘賵蹖 爻蹖乇 丕夭 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賮丕氐賱賴 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿).
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賲丕賳賳丿 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿貙爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖 丿賵乇丕賳蹖 丿丕乇丿. 蹖讴蹖 亘賵丿賳 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴貙鬲讴乇丕乇 乇蹖鬲賲蹖讴 賵賯丕蹖毓 賵 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮毓乇 丿乇 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖 倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲 賳卮丕賳 丕夭 鬲爻賱爻賱 亘丕胤賱 賵賯丕蹖毓 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 卮乇賵毓 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲卮禺氐 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳 賵賯丕蹖毓 亘丕 鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲貙亘丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕乇賴丕 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮丿賴 賵 鬲讴乇丕乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 卮丿.亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 蹖诏丕賳賴 賳賯胤賴 賯賵鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賵蹖賳 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 : 丕賳鬲馗丕乇!丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇...
* - 賲孬賱 爻丕賲乇蹖 賳蹖讴賵: 乇賵夭賷 賷賰賷 丕夭 賲毓賱賲賷賳 卮乇賷毓鬲 丌賲丿 賵 丕夭 乇丕賴 丕賲鬲丨丕賳 丕夭 丕賵 倬乇爻賷丿: 芦丕賷 丕爻鬲丕丿貙 趩賴 亘丕賷丿 亘賰賳賲 鬲丕 賵丕乇孬 丨賷丕鬲 噩丕賵丿丕賳 卮賵賲責禄 毓賷爻賷 亘賴 丕賵 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦丿乇 鬲賵乇丕鬲 趩賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴責 丌賳 乇丕 趩胤賵乇 鬲賮爻賷乇 賲賷 讴賳賷責禄 丕賵 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿: 芦禺丿丕賷 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 丿賱 賵 鬲賲丕賲 噩丕賳 賵 鬲賲丕賲 賯丿乇鬲 賵 鬲賲丕賲 匕賴賳 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲 亘丿丕乇 賵 賴賲爻丕賷賴 丕鬲 乇丕 賲丕賳賳丿 噩丕賳 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲 亘丿丕乇.禄 毓賷爻賷 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦丿乇爻鬲 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿賷. 丕賷賳 賰丕乇 乇丕 亘賰賳 賰賴 丨賷丕鬲 禺賵丕賴賷 丿丕卮鬲.禄 丕賲丕 丕賵 亘乇丕賷 丕賷賳賰賴 賳卮丕賳 丿賴丿 丌丿賲 亘賷 睾乇囟賷 丕爻鬲 亘賴 毓賷爻賷 诏賮鬲: 芦賴賲爻丕賷賴 賲賳 賰賷爻鬲責禄 毓賷爻賷 趩賳賷賳 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿: 芦賲乇丿賷 賰賴 丕夭 丕賵乇卮賱賷賲 亘賴 丕乇賷丨丕 賲賷 乇賮鬲貙 亘賴 丿爻鬲 乇丕賴夭賳丕賳 丕賮鬲丕丿. 乇丕賴夭賳丕賳 丕賵 乇丕 賱禺鬲 賰乇丿賳丿 賵 賰鬲讴 夭丿賳丿 賵 亘賴 丨丕賱 賳賷賲 賲乇丿賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳丿 賵 乇賮鬲賳丿. 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 賰丕賴賳賷 丕夭 賴賲丕賳 乇丕賴 賲賷 诏匕卮鬲貙 丕賲賾丕 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賷诏乇 噩丕丿賴 乇丿 卮丿. 賴賲趩賳賷賳 賷讴 賱丕賵賷 亘賴 丌賳 賲丨賱 乇爻賷丿 賵 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賷诏乇 毓亘賵乇 賰乇丿. 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳 賷讴 賲爻丕賮乇 爻丕賲乇賷 亘賴 丕賵 乇爻賷丿 賵 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿貙 丿賱卮 亘賴 丨丕賱 丕賵 爻賵禺鬲. 賳夭丿 丕賵 乇賮鬲貙 夭禺賲賴丕賷卮 乇丕 亘丕 卮乇丕亘 卮爻鬲 賵 亘乇 丌賳賴丕 乇賵睾賳 賲丕賱賷丿 賵 亘爻鬲. 亘毓丿 丕賵 乇丕 亘乇丿丕卮鬲賴貙 爻賵丕乇 趩賴丕乇倬丕賷 禺賵丿 賰乇丿 賵 亘賴 賰丕乇賵丕賳爻乇丕賷賷 亘乇丿 賵 丿乇 丌賳噩丕 丕夭 丕賵 倬乇爻鬲丕乇賷 賰乇丿. 乇賵夭 亘毓丿 丿賵 爻讴賴 賳賯乇賴 丿乇丌賵乇丿 賵 亘賴 氐丕丨亘 賰丕乇賵丕賳爻乇丕 丿丕丿 賵 诏賮鬲: '丕夭 丕賵 賲賵丕馗亘鬲 賰賳 賵 丕诏乇 亘賷卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕賷賳 禺乇噩 賰乇丿賷貙 賵賯鬲賷 亘乇诏乇丿賲 亘賴 鬲賵 賲賷 丿賴賲.' 亘賴 毓賯賷丿賴 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲 賷讴 丕夭 丕賷賳 爻賴 賳賮乇 賴賲爻丕賷賴 丌賳 賲乇丿賷 賰賴 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丿夭丿丕賳 丕賮鬲丕丿 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 賲賷 丌賷丿責禄 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿: 芦丌賳 讴爻賷 讴賴 亘賴 丕賵 鬲乇丨賲 賰乇丿.禄 毓賷爻賷 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦亘乇賵 賲孬賱 丕賵 乇賮鬲丕乇 賰賳.禄 賱賵賯丕 10 : 25 - 37
** - 噩賲毓賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲爻蹖丨 亘賴 氐賱蹖亘 讴卮蹖丿賴 卮丿
賴亘賵胤 賵丕賯毓蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賴 丿乇 毓丿賳貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 賯乇賳 賲丕 乇禺 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲.亘毓丿 丕夭 丕賳亘丕卮鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺貙賲丕 賲毓氐賵賲蹖鬲 賱丕夭賲 亘乇丕蹖 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 亘賴 賴乇诏賵賳賴 鬲賵噩蹖賴 亘蹖卮鬲乇 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賴 丕蹖賲.鬲賳賴丕 賯胤毓蹖丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賲丕賳丿賴 丕賳丿貙噩毓賱蹖 亘賵丿賳 賴賲賴 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 鬲賮爻蹖乇蹖 賵 睾蹖乇賯丕亘賱 賮賴賲 亘賵丿賳 丕爻丕爻蹖 鬲噩乇亘賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賴丕爻鬲
丕乇蹖讴 賱賵蹖/ 亘讴鬲 賵 賳丿丕蹖 丕賳賵丕毓
鬲卅丕鬲夭 丕亘夭賵乇丿 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 丌乇丕蹖卮 賳卮丿賴 丕夭 賴爻鬲蹖 丌丿賲蹖 丿乇 毓氐乇蹖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 讴卮丿 讴賴 亘丕 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丕乇夭卮 賴丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 爻賱亘 丕賲讴丕賳 鬲毓丕賲賱 賵 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賲蹖丕賳 丌丿賲蹖丕賳貙 倬賵趩 賵 毓丕乇蹖 丕夭 賴乇 賲毓賳丕蹖蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮貙丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 丿乇亘丕乇賴 毓賱鬲 賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 讴賳丕乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 賮賯胤 賳賲丕蹖蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 禺丕賱蹖 丕夭 賲毓賳丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲蹖 鬲賴丿蹖丿讴賳賳丿賴貙 賵蹖乇丕賳诏乇 賵 賴乇丕爻 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 蹖讴 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 乇丕蹖噩貙 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 亘丕 亘丕 鬲毓丕乇蹖賮蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 "倬賵趩蹖貙 賮賱爻賮賴 倬賵趩 诏乇丕蹖蹖 賵 ... " 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴賴 讴丕賲賱丕 賳丕丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲.賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮 賵囟毓蹖鬲蹖 丨丕丿孬 卮丿賴 賵 賳賴 匕丕鬲蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 禺賱賯 賲毓丕賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇蹖 丕爻丕爻蹖 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 賲蹖 讴卮丿.
丿乇 鬲卅丕賳乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 賮乇賲貙爻丕禺鬲丕乇 賵 丕鬲賲爻賮乇 乇丕 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丕夭 賲毓賳丕 賵 賲丨鬲賵丕蹖 毓賯賱丕賳蹖 丕孬乇 噩丿丕 讴乇丿. 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 诏賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 亘賴 賳丨賵蹖 睾蹖乇賯丕亘賱 鬲賮讴蹖讴 亘丕 趩诏賵賳诏蹖 诏賮鬲賳 丌賳 倬蹖賵爻鬲诏蹖 丿丕乇丿 賵 亘賴 賴蹖趩 賳丨賵賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳 乇丕 诏賮鬲. 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮 - 丌睾丕夭貙 賲蹖丕賳賴貙 倬丕蹖丕賳 (夭賲蹖賳賴 賵 賲毓乇賮蹖貙 诏乇賴 丕賮讴賳蹖貙 诏乇賴 诏卮丕蹖蹖) - 亘賴 讴賱蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 爻蹖乇 禺胤蹖 賲乇爻賵賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 丨丕賱鬲 丿賵乇丕賳蹖 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 禺蹖丕賱 倬乇丿丕夭丕賳賴 賵 乇賵蹖丕诏賵賳賴貙 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 诏乇賵鬲爻讴貙 讴賳卮 賴丕 - 丕诏乇 讴賳卮蹖 乇禺 丿賴丿 - 丿乇 賮囟丕蹖蹖 爻賵乇卅丕賱 賵 亘賴 丿賵乇 丕夭 賴乇诏賵賳賴 乇丕亘胤賴 毓賱鬲 賵 賲毓賱賵賱蹖 丕賳丿. 賲賵賳賵賱賵诏 賴丕 賵 噩乇蹖丕賳 爻蹖丕賱 匕賴賳蹖 亘賴 胤賵乇 乇蹖鬲賲蹖讴 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮丿賴 貙亘蹖 賲毓賳蹖 賵 亘丿賵賳 賲禺丕胤亘 賵 倬乇 丕夭 鬲賳丕賯囟 丕賳丿 賵 丿趩丕乇 诏爻爻鬲 賳丕诏賴丕賳蹖 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕亘夭賵乇丿 爻丕乇鬲乇 亘乇 丕氐賱 "丕賲鬲賳丕毓 丕爻丕爻蹖 鬲卅丕鬲乇" 鬲丕讴蹖丿 賲蹖 讴賳丿.亘乇 丕爻丕爻 丕蹖賳 丕氐賱 丿乇 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賳賵 丕夭 乇賵丕賳 卮賳丕爻蹖 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕貙胤乇丨 賵 乇卅丕賱蹖爻賲 丕噩鬲賳丕亘 賲蹖 卮賵丿. ( 亘丿賵賳 胤乇丨 亘賴 賲賮賴賵賲 亘蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵 賳賴 亘丿賵賳 胤乇丨 讴賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮. 趩乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲 賳賲賵賳賴 賴丕蹖 丕蹖賳 爻亘讴貙 胤乇丨 讴賱蹖 賲賵噩賵丿 丕爻鬲.)
賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丨賵夭賴 丿賵 賲賵囟賵毓 賲賴賲 乇丕 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲卮鬲乇讴 丿乇 丌孬丕乇 禺賵丿 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿: 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賵 鬲毓丕賲賱 賲毓賳蹖 丿丕乇 賵 丕囟賲丨賱丕賱 賮乇丿蹖鬲.丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丕禺鬲賴 賵 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 亘賴 胤乇夭蹖 賲賳夭賵蹖 賵 丕夭 禺賵丿 亘蹖诏丕賳賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿 蹖丕 亘丕 鬲讴乇丕乇 丕賱诏賵蹖 乇賮鬲丕乇蹖 睾丕賱亘貙 賴賲 乇賳诏 卮丿賴 亘丕 噩賲丕毓鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 蹖丕亘丿
丿乇 讴丕卅賳丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賳丕诏賴丕賳 賴賲賴 鬲賵賴賲丕鬲 賵 亘丕乇賯賴 賴丕蹖 丕賲蹖丿 賳丕倬丿蹖丿 卮丿賴 丕賳丿貙 丕賳爻丕賳 賳丕趩丕乇丕 丕丨爻丕爻 睾乇蹖亘诏蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵囟毓蹖鬲 丕賵 亘賴 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賮乇丿蹖 鬲亘毓蹖丿 卮丿賴 賲蹖 賲丕賳丿 讴賴 賴蹖趩 毓賱丕噩蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇丿賴丕蹖卮 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿貙 夭蹖乇丕 丕夭 禺丕胤乇丕鬲卮 丿乇亘丕乇賴 賲賵胤賳蹖 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賴 賲丨乇賵賲 丕爻鬲 賵 丕蹖囟丕 丕賲蹖丿蹖 賴賲 亘賴 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 爻乇夭賲蹖賳 賲賵毓賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 噩丿丕蹖蹖 亘蹖賳 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賵貙 亘蹖賳 亘丕夭蹖诏乇 賵 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 丨賯蹖賯鬲丕 丕丨爻丕爻 賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賵噩賵丿 賲蹖丕賵乇丿. 讴丕賲賵
爻賯賵胤 賮乇丿蹖鬲 亘丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿丕卮鬲賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 賲蹖丕賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕 賵 噩丕亘噩丕蹖蹖 賳賯卮 賴丕 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 夭亘丕賳 丿乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 蹖丕丿 丌賵乇 丕賵賴丕賲 賵 丕夭 賴賲 诏爻蹖禺鬲诏蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 賵賴賲 丕賳诏蹖夭 丕爻鬲.夭亘丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 丕賳夭賵丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 賵蹖 丕夭 賲乇丕賵丿賴 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖 丿賴丿.亘賳丕 亘乇 毓賯蹖丿賴 亘讴鬲貙丕蹖賳 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕夭 賲乇丕賵丿賴 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 賳丕卮蹖 賲蹖 卮賵丿貙蹖毓賳蹖 夭亘丕賳 禺賵丿 賲丕賳毓 賲乇丕賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.丕賲丕 亘賴 夭毓賲 蹖賵賳爻讴賵 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕 丿乇 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳賳丿 趩賵賳 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丕賵丿賴 賳丿丕乇丿.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 丕亘夭賵乇丿貙賴乇诏夭 趩蹖夭蹖 乇賵卮賳 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿貙毓賲賱蹖 氐賵乇鬲 賳賲蹖 倬匕蹖乇丿貙 賴乇诏夭 倬蹖丕賲蹖 賲賳鬲賯賱 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿. 亘賳丕 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 蹖賵賳爻讴賵 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕亘夭賵乇丿 倬蹖丕賲蹖 乇丕 鬲毓賱蹖賲 賳賲蹖 丿賴丿 亘賱讴賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵丿 鬲丕 鬲賳賴丕 爻禺賳蹖 乇丕 賲胤乇丨 讴賳丿
"丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵"
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賮乇丕禺賵丕賳蹖 倬乇卮賵乇 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵毓蹖 丕蹖賲丕賳 噩丿蹖丿 賵 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 丿蹖賳蹖 爻鬲. 賲卮讴賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖 卮賵丿 蹖賯蹖賳丕 賲丕賴蹖鬲蹖 賲丕亘毓丿丕賱胤亘蹖毓蹖 丿丕乇丿. 趩丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲 丨夭賳 夭丿賴 賳賴 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖貙 爻丕夭诏丕乇蹖 乇賵丕賳蹖 賵 丿丕乇賵賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 倬夭卮讴丕賳 鬲噩賵蹖夭 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿貙 亘賱讴賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮蹖 噩丿蹖丿 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 亘丕 毓丕賱賲 賴爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲.丕賳爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 鬲丕 丕蹖賳 丨丿 賲丨鬲丕噩 賲毓賳賵蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賴丕蹖 讴賴賳賴 卮丿賴 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 禺丿丕 乇丕 鬲噩丿蹖丿 賳馗乇 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿 賵 蹖丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賴丕蹖 噩丿蹖丿 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 讴乇賳賵丿賱
賳賲丕蹖卮 賴丕蹖 亘讴鬲 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 賮丕賯丿 倬蹖 乇賳诏 賴爻鬲賳丿. 趩賳丿 氐丿丕蹖蹖 亘賵丿賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 亘賴 噩丕蹖 亘爻胤 禺胤蹖貙 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 乇丕 亘丕 爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖 爻丕夭賲丕賳 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕夭 诏夭丕乇賴 賴丕 賵 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 乇賵亘乇賵 賲蹖 讴賳丿貙 毓亘丕乇丕鬲 賵 鬲氐賵蹖乇賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賳賮賵匕 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 賵 賮賯胤 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖鬲卮丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丿乇讴卮丕賳 讴乇丿貙 賳賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 丿乇賵賳 賲丕蹖賴 賴丕蹖蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕賲丕 賴賲丕賴賳诏 亘丕卮賳丿 讴賴 亘丕 鬲毓丕賲賱 賴賲 夭賲丕賳 丕乇丕卅賴 蹖 賲毓賳丕 讴賳賳丿.
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 乇丕 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賲賴賲 鬲乇蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿 丿丕賳爻鬲. 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 5 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿丕乇丿: 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 (丿蹖 丿蹖) - 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 (诏賵诏賵) - 倬賵鬲夭賵 - 賱丕讴蹖 賵 倬爻乇亘趩賴 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳. 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 賲讴丕賳 賵 夭賲丕賳 賲卮丕亘賴蹖 丕鬲賮丕賯 賲蹖 丕賮鬲丿. 丿乇禺鬲 亘蹖丿蹖 禺卮讴貙乇賵蹖 鬲賱蹖 讴賳丕乇 噩丕丿賴 丕蹖 亘蹖乇賵賳 卮賴乇貙丿賵乇 丕賮鬲丕丿賴 賵 睾乇蹖亘. 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 乇賵夭 乇丕 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 亘賴 卮亘 賲蹖 乇爻丕賳賳丿.
诏賵丿賵 讴蹖爻鬲責 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲乇賲賵夭 讴賴 賴賵蹖鬲 賵 賵噩賵丿卮 賴乇诏夭 賮丕卮 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿貙 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 趩蹖夭蹖 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 亘賴 丕乇賲睾丕賳 丌賵乇丿. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 趩蹖夭 趩蹖爻鬲責 賲乇诏責 賳噩丕鬲責 丿賱蹖賱蹖 亘乇丕蹖 亘賵丿賳責 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 禺賵丿 賮乇丕賲賵卮 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿 讴賴 趩乇丕 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賳賲蹖 丌賵乇丿 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘丕 卮讴 賲蹖 诏賵蹖丿 卮丕蹖丿 蹖讴 賱胤賮 禺賵丕爻鬲賴 丕蹖賲貙 趩蹖夭蹖 賳丕賲卮禺氐貙 卮丕蹖丿 蹖讴 丿毓丕. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賲賳鬲馗乇 诏賵丿賵 賴爻鬲賳丿 鬲丕 亘丕 丌賲丿賳卮 噩乇蹖丕賳 夭賲丕賳 乇丕 賲鬲賵賯賮 讴賳丿. " 丕賲卮亘 卮丕蹖丿 鬲賵 噩丕卮 亘禺賵丕亘蹖賲貙 蹖讴 噩丕蹖 诏乇賲 賵 賳乇賲. 卮讴賲賲丕賳 爻蹖乇 乇賵蹖 倬賵卮丕賱. 賲蹖 丕乇夭丿 賲賳鬲馗乇卮 亘丕卮蹖賲貙 賲诏乇 賳賴責" 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳 賯爻賲鬲 丿乇 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 丨匕賮 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
亘讴鬲 丿乇 倬丕爻禺 丌賱賳 丕卮賳丕蹖丿乇 讴丕乇诏乇丿丕賳 丕賵賱蹖賳 丕噩乇丕蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 丿乇亘丕乇賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 诏賵丿賵 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 诏賵丿賵 讴蹖爻鬲貙丕诏乇 賲蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲賲 讴賴 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲蹖 诏賮鬲賲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 丕賳诏蹖夭賴 賴丕蹖 賯賵蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賲丕 乇丕 賵爻賵爻賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 诏賵丿賵 乇丕 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 禺丿丕 丿乇 賳馗乇 亘诏蹖乇蹖賲. 诏賵丿賵 賴乇诏夭 禺賵丿 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賳賲蹖 丿賴丿貙乇蹖卮 亘賱賳丿 爻賮蹖丿蹖 丿丕乇丿(亘乇 丕爻丕爻 氐丨亘鬲 賴丕蹖 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇) 貙 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳卮 讴賵丿讴蹖 趩賵倬丕賳 丕爻鬲 (丕讴孬乇 倬蹖丕賲亘乇丕賳 卮亘丕賳 诏賱賴 亘賵丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賲孬蹖賱 卮賳丕禺鬲賴 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿). 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 亘乇丕丿乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 诏賵丿賵 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 丿賱丕蹖賱 賳丕賲毓賱賵賲 亘丕 賵蹖 亘丿 乇賮鬲丕乇 丕爻鬲.丌蹖丕 亘讴鬲 亘賴 賴丕亘蹖賱 賵 賯丕卅賳 賵 賲丕噩乇丕蹖 賳倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 卮丿賳 賴丿丕蹖丕蹖 賯丕卅賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丿丕乇丿責 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕夭 诏賵丿賵 賴乇丕爻丕賳 丕賳丿 賵 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 鬲氐賵乇 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿 诏賵丿賵 丿乇 丨丕賱 丌賲丿賳 丕爻鬲 賴乇丕爻丕賳 卮丿賴 賵 爻毓蹖 丿乇 倬賳賴丕賳 讴乇丿賳 禺賵丿 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿. 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 亘禺卮 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 鬲乇爻丕賳 卮丿賳 丌丿賲 賵 丨賵丕 賵 倬賳賴丕賳 卮丿賳 丕夭 禺丿丕 丿丕乇丿責 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 倬賵鬲夭賵 丿乇 倬乇丿賴 丕賵賱 亘丕 丕賯鬲丿丕乇 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賴乇 丿賵 鬲乇爻蹖丿賴 賵 賵蹖 乇丕 亘丕 诏賵丿賵 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿.
亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 诏賵丿賵 趩賴 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 賲丿丕禺賱賴 蹖讴 毓丕賲賱 賲丕賵乇丕蹖 胤亘蹖毓蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿 賵 趩賴 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕爻胤賵乇賴 丕蹖 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴賳丿賴 蹖 賲賵毓賵丿 亘丕卮丿貙 賲丕賴蹖鬲 丕賵 丿乇 丿乇噩賴 丿賵賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿. 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮 卮禺氐 诏賵丿賵 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 讴賳卮 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賵 賲毓囟賱 夭賲丕賳 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 噩賳亘賴 丕蹖 禺丕氐 賵 丕爻丕爻蹖 丕夭 賵囟毓蹖鬲 亘卮乇蹖 爻鬲. 賲丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賴賲蹖卮賴 賲賳鬲馗乇 趩蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲蹖賲 賵 诏賵丿賵 賳卮丕賳诏乇 睾丕蹖鬲 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賲丕爻鬲 賵 亘爻貙 蹖讴 卮蹖貙 蹖讴 丨丕丿孬賴貙 蹖讴 賮乇丿 賵 蹖丕 賲乇诏. 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 讴賳卮 夭賲丕賳 乇丕 丿乇 賳丕亘 鬲乇蹖賳 賵 賵丕囟丨 鬲乇蹖賳 丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丿 鬲噩乇亘賴 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲.
鬲毓丿丕丿蹖 丕夭 噩賲賱丕鬲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 亘讴鬲 賳蹖夭 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 賲賴賲 鬲乇蹖賳 丌賳貙 毓亘丕乇鬲 "賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 丌賯丕" 爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賵爻胤 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 诏賵丿賵 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 卮賵丿.丕蹖賳 毓亘丕乇鬲 丿乇 賲賵賱賵蹖 賳蹖夭 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 卮丕蹖丿 氐丿丕蹖 丌賳 鬲亘賴讴丕乇蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 爻丕賱 賴丕 倬蹖卮 亘讴鬲 乇丕 賲噩乇賵丨 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘讴鬲 丿乇 爻丕賱 1937 鬲賵爻胤 蹖讴 夭賵乇诏蹖乇 丿乇 禺蹖丕亘丕賳 亘賴 卮丿鬲 賲噩乇賵丨 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 囟丕乇亘 倬爻 丕夭 诏乇賮鬲賳 讴蹖賮 倬賵賱 亘讴鬲貙 亘蹖 丿賱蹖賱 賵蹖 乇丕 亘丕 趩賳丿 囟乇亘賴 蹖 趩丕賯賵 賲噩乇賵丨 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 亘讴鬲 倬爻 丕夭 亘賴亘賵丿 亘丕 囟丕乇亘 禺賵丿 丿乇 夭丕賳丿丕賳 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕夭 丌賳 鬲亘賴讴丕乇 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿 讴賴 趩乇丕 賵蹖 乇丕 噩丕賯賵 夭丿賴 賵 丕賵 倬丕爻禺 賲蹖 丿賴丿 :賳賲蹖 丿丕賳賲 丌賯丕
亘丕 丌賳 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賮乇丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貙丕賲丕 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賲蹖丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 鬲賲丕蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻丕爻蹖 丿乇 亘乇乇爻蹖 賴丕蹖 锟斤拷賯蹖賯 鬲乇 賯丕卅賱 卮丿.賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 亘乇 丨爻亘 丕賱诏賵蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 賴丕蹖 讴賲丿蹖貙 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 乇丕 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賯丕賱亘蹖 "賲乇丿 噩丿蹖 賵 丌賯丕蹖 讴賵丿賳" 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲 讴賴 賲讴賲賱 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿. 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲 鬲氐賲蹖賲 诏蹖乇蹖 賴丕貙賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳賯卮 賳賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 诏賮鬲诏賵 賴丕 乇丕 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 亘賴 倬蹖卮 賲蹖 亘乇丿貙丕賲丕 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿乇 噩賵丕亘 丨乇賮 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 賲毓賳蹖 賲蹖 夭賳丿 賵 诏賮鬲诏賵 賯胤毓 賲蹖 卮賵丿. 丕蹖賳 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲乇鬲亘丕 賲鬲匕讴乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴賴 丌賳 賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 賲賳鬲馗乇 诏賵丿賵 亘賲丕賳賳丿. 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 倬爻乇讴 倬蹖丕賲 乇爻丕賳 爻賵丕賱 賲蹖 倬乇爻丿貙 賮讴乇 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 爻禺賳丕賳卮 诏丕賴蹖 趩丕卮賳蹖 賮賱爻賮賴 丿丕乇丿貙 亘賴 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 噩爻賲蹖 禺賵丿 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賵 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲丨丕賮馗鬲 賲蹖 賳賲丕蹖丿. 丿乇 毓賵囟 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲乇鬲亘丕 亘賴 丕賲賵乇 賲毓賲賵賱蹖 鬲賵噩賴 鬲丕賲 丿丕乇丿.丿乇丿 倬丕貙賲卮讴賱 倬賵鬲蹖賳 賴丕貙 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賴賵蹖噩 賵 賳賴 噩丕蹖 卮賱睾賲貙 丿乇禺賵丕爻鬲 倬賵賱 賵 丕爻鬲禺賵丕賳 賴丕蹖 亘丕賯蹖 賲丕賳丿賴 丕夭 倬賵鬲夭賵. 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴 诏乇賮鬲 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 丿賵賳 賲乇鬲亘賴 丕爻鬲 賵 賴蹖趩 丿賱 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 丿蹖賳蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮蹖 丕蹖 賳丿丕乇丿. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕爻蹖乇 鬲丕孬蹖乇蹖 丿乇 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 賳鬲蹖噩賴 ( 賲賱丕賯丕鬲 亘丕 诏賵丿賵) 賳丿丕乇丿貙 丌賳丕賳 讴賴 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 賲毓賳丕 爻禺鬲 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮賳丿貙 夭賵丿鬲乇 丕夭 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 賲賳賮毓賱丕賳賴 賲賳鬲馗乇 倬蹖丿丕 卮丿賳 賲毓賳丕 賴爻鬲賳丿 亘賴 丌賳 丿爻鬲 賳賲蹖 蹖丕亘賳丿.
丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賴乇 丿賵 丿乇诏蹖乇 賲丨賳鬲 賴爻鬲賳丿. 亘讴鬲 亘賴 胤賵乇 囟賲賳蹖 亘賴 鬲毓乇蹖賮 亘毓丿 賮賱爻賮蹖 "賲爻卅賱賴 乇賳噩" 倬乇丿丕禺鬲賴 賵 賲蹖丕賳 賵噩賴 丿乇丿 讴卮蹖丿賳 賵 乇賳噩 亘乇丿賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 賯丕卅賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕夭 賳丕丨蹖賴 倬丕 丿乇丿 賲蹖 讴卮丿 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘丕亘鬲 賲卮讴賱蹖 丿乇 丿賮毓 丕丿乇丕乇 乇賳噩 賲蹖 亘乇丿.
丨丕賱鬲 禺賵丕亘蹖丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 噩賳蹖賳蹖貙鬲氐賵蹖乇 亘丕夭诏卮鬲 亘賴 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 賵 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 亘賵丿賳 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 賲蹖 讴卮丿 (亘賳丕 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴 蹖 诏賵诏賳賴丕蹖賲 亘讴鬲 禺丕胤乇賴 蹖 賵丨卮鬲賳丕讴蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丿丕卮鬲. 丕賵 賲丿丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 禺丕胤乇賴 乇賳噩 賲蹖 讴卮蹖丿 賵 亘丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丌賵乇丿賳 丕蹖賳 丕丨爻丕爻 讴賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 禺賮賴 卮丿賳 亘賵丿 賲丿丕賲 賲賳賯賱亘 賲蹖 卮丿) . 爻倬爻 禺賵丕亘蹖 讴賴 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賲蹖 亘蹖賳丿 賵 讴賱賲賴 丕蹖 丕夭 丌賳 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿...爻賯賵胤... 賴亘賵胤 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 亘蹖 賲毓賳丕責
丿賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丿蹖诏乇貙倬賵鬲夭賵 賵 賱丕讴蹖 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇貙 丌賳鬲蹖 鬲夭 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇賳丿 丕賲丕 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 噩爻賲丕賳蹖 賵 賮乇丕噩爻賲丕賳蹖 亘丕 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賵 丕鬲氐丕賱 丕賳丿.賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 乇丕 丿賵 賯胤亘 賲鬲賯丕亘賱 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲.倬丿乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 倬爻乇貙 賲丕丿乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賮乇夭賳丿 (胤賳丕亘 亘賴 賲賳夭賱賴 亘賳丿 賳丕賮)貙 丕乇亘丕亘 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 亘乇丿賴貙 丿賱賯讴 爻蹖乇讴 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 丨蹖賵丕賳 鬲乇亘蹖鬲 卮丿賴 ( 倬賵鬲夭賵 賵爻丕蹖賱 爻蹖乇讴 卮丕賲賱 卮賱丕賯貙趩賴丕乇倬丕蹖賴貙胤賳丕亘 賵 ... 乇丕 丿乇 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿貙 賵乇賵丿 丌賳 賴丕 賲丕賳賳丿 卮乇賵毓 蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮 賲囟丨讴 爻蹖乇讴 丕爻鬲) 賵 蹖丕 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 賮乇賵蹖丿 禺賵丿 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 賳賴丕丿.
丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 亘乇鬲乇 丕夭 倬賵鬲夭賵 賵 賱丕讴蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿. 賳賴 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘丕賵乇卮丕賳 亘賴 诏賵丿賵貙 亘賱讴賴 趩賵賳 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 丌賳 丿賵 爻丕丿賴 賱賵丨 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿.丌賳 賴丕 亘賴 讴賳卮貙孬乇賵鬲 蹖丕 毓賯賱 丕毓鬲賯丕丿蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿. 丌賳丕賳 丌诏丕賴賳丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 丌賳趩賴 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖 丿賴蹖賲 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 讴賳卮 匕丕鬲丕 鬲賵賴賲 夭賲丕賳貙 賴蹖趩 丕爻鬲. 丌诏丕賴賳丿 讴賴 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 乇丕賴 丨賱 亘丕卮丿貙 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 丌賳 賴丕 亘賴 賱丕讴蹖 賵 倬賵鬲夭賵 亘乇鬲乇蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 趩賵賳 讴賲鬲乇 禺賵丿賲丨賵乇賳丿 賵 讴賲鬲乇 丕夭 丌賳丕賳 鬲賵賴賲 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕賵丕 賲鬲賲賳貙乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻 蹖賵賳诏蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 亘丕賵乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 讴丕乇讴乇丿 诏賵丿賵 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵丕亘爻鬲诏丕賳 亘賴 禺賵丿卮 乇丕 賳丕賴卮蹖丕乇 賳诏賴 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 丕賲蹖丿 賵 毓丕丿鬲 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇蹖 讴賴 亘毓丿 丕夭 賴賲賴 丕蹖賳 賴丕 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 诏賵丿賵 亘蹖丕蹖丿 丌禺乇蹖賳 鬲賵賴賲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 禺賵丿卮丕賳 賵 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕夭 賲蹖 丿丕乇丿. 丿乇 賱丨馗賴 丌禺乇 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賴賵卮蹖丕乇蹖 讴賴 趩蹖夭蹖 賳賲丕賳丿賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賮賴賲丿 丿乇 乇賵蹖丕 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕蹖丿 亘蹖丿丕乇 卮賵丿 賵 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕 - 賴賲丕賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賴爻鬲 - 乇賵亘乇賵 卮賵丿貙 倬蹖睾丕賲 乇爻丕賳 诏賵丿賵 賲蹖 乇爻丿 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丕賳賮毓丕賱 鬲賵賴賲 賲蹖 讴卮丕賳丿. 亘讴鬲 丿乇 賲賯丕賱賴 丕蹖 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 倬乇賵爻鬲貙亘賴 胤賵乇 囟賲賳蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 噩賳亘賴 丕夭 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 蹖毓賳蹖 "毓丕丿鬲 丕賲蹖丿 丿丕卮鬲賳" 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 : 毓丕丿鬲 夭賳噩蹖乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 爻诏 乇丕 亘賴 丕爻鬲賮乇丕睾卮 賲蹖 亘賳丿丿貙 賳賮爻 讴卮蹖丿賳 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲. 夭賳丿诏蹖 毓丕丿鬲 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 鬲乇噩蹖丨丕 鬲賵丕賱蹖 毓丕丿鬲 賴丕爻鬲 噩賵賳 賮乇丿 丿乇 丕孬乇 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 倬蹖 丿乇 倬蹖貙鬲賵丕賱蹖 賮乇丿 賴丕爻鬲. 倬爻 毓丕丿鬲 賳丕賲 賲蹖孬丕賯 賴丕蹖 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇蹖 爻鬲 賲蹖丕賳 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇 爻賵跇賴 讴賴 賲噩賲賵毓丕 賮乇丿 乇丕 賲蹖 爻丕夭丿 賵 亘蹖 卮賲丕乇 丕亘跇賴 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 卮丕賳. 丿賵乇賴 賴丕蹖 诏匕丕乇 讴賴 爻丕夭诏丕乇蹖 賴丕蹖 倬蹖 丿乇 倬蹖 賮乇丿 乇丕 丕夭 賴賲 噩丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳丿 賳賲丕蹖丕賳诏乇 賳賵丕丨蹖 倬乇 賲禺丕胤乇賴 丕蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賮乇丿 丕爻鬲. 倬乇 禺胤乇貙 亘蹖 孬亘丕鬲貙 倬乇 丿乇丿貙 倬乇 乇丕夭 賵 禺賱丕賯貙 賵賯鬲蹖 賱丨馗賴 丕蹖 乇賳噩 賴爻鬲蹖 噩丕蹖 賲賱丕賱 賴爻鬲蹖 乇丕 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿.
诏爻賳乇 丿乇 乇爻丕賱賴 丕蹖 禺賵丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴 亘讴鬲 毓賳賵丕賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 趩賴丕乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 45 亘丕乇 丕夭 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賯丕卅賲 讴賴 賳賲丕丿 卮丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 爻鬲 禺丕乇噩 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿.
卮乇賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 毓亘丕乇鬲 丕爻鬲: 讴丕乇蹖 賳賲蹖 卮賵丿 讴乇丿.丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賵 丿乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 诏賵賳丕诏賵賳 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 鬲讴乇丕乇 賲蹖 卮賵丿 賵 賮囟丕蹖 讴賱蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 乇丕 賲卮禺氐 賲蹖 讴賳丿.賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 讴丕乇蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 卮賵丿 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯蹖 乇禺 丿賴丿. 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賴蹖趩 讴丕乇蹖 賳賲蹖 讴賳賳丿.丿乇 賵丕賯毓 丌賳丕賳 亘蹖 毓賲賱蹖 乇丕 讴賲 禺胤乇 鬲乇蹖賳 毓賲賱 賲賲讴賳 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕賳丿.
賲囟賲賵賳 丿賵 丿夭丿 亘乇 乇賵蹖 氐賱蹖亘 賲囟賲賵賳 毓丿賲 賯胤毓蹖鬲 丿乇 丕賲蹖丿 亘賴 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 賵 亘禺卮賵丿賴 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲貙 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘乇 鬲賲丕賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 爻丕蹖賴 丕賮讴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲. 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 亘丕 賲囟賲賵賳 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 爻賵丕賱 卮丿 賵蹖 趩賳蹖賳 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿: 丿乇 賳賵卮鬲賴 賴丕蹖 丌诏賵爻鬲蹖賳 賯丿蹖爻 噩賲賱賴 卮诏賮鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲貙 讴丕卮 賱丕鬲蹖賳 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿 丿丕卮鬲賲. 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賱丕鬲蹖賳 丨鬲蹖 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇 丕爻鬲. " 賳丕丕賲蹖丿 賳亘丕卮蹖丿貙蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賵 丿夭丿 乇爻鬲诏丕乇 卮丿. 賲胤賲卅賳 賳亘丕卮蹖丿貙 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賵 丿夭丿 亘賴 賱毓賳鬲 丕亘丿蹖 诏乇賮鬲丕乇 卮丿."
讴丕乇亘乇丿 賳賲丕丿 賴丕蹖 賲爻蹖丨蹖 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賵丕囟丨 丕爻鬲. 讴鬲讴 禺賵乇丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賵 禺賵丕亘蹖丿賳 丿乇 賳賴乇 蹖丕丿丌賵乇 賲孬賱 爻丕賲乇蹖 賳蹖讴賵* 丿乇 毓賴丿 噩丿蹖丿 丕爻鬲貙亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賮丕賵鬲 讴賴 丿蹖诏乇 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴賳丿賴 丕蹖 亘賴 丿丕丿 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 賳賲蹖 乇爻丿. 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 丿乇 氐丨賳賴 賵 鬲賱蹖 讴賴 亘乇 丌賳 丿乇禺鬲蹖 賳蹖賲賴 禺卮讴 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇丿 賵 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴 丿賵乇丕賮鬲丕丿賴 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貙 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳丿 蹖丕丿丌賵乇 賵賯丕蹖毓 噩賲毓賴 丕賱氐賱蹖亘 亘丕卮丿 (鬲賱蹖 亘蹖乇賳 丕夭 卮賴乇 = 鬲倬賴 噩賱噩鬲丕貙 丿賵 賵賱诏乇丿 = 丿賵 丿夭丿貙 趩賵亘 = 氐賱蹖亘貙 賳賲丕丿 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 丿乇 亘賴丕乇).
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 亘賴 丌賲丿賳 诏賵丿賵 丿乇 丌賳 卮賳亘賴 賲賵毓賵丿 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿.丌蹖丕 丕賲乇賵夭 卮賳亘賴 丕爻鬲責 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 賴賲丕賳 卮賳亘賴 賲丕亘蹖賳 噩賲毓賴 丕賱氐賱蹖亘 ** 賵 蹖讴卮賳亘賴 乇爻鬲丕禺蹖夭 丕爻鬲責丌賳 賮囟丕蹖 禺丕賱蹖 賲蹖丕賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺責 卮賳亘賴 丕蹖 讴賴 亘丕 蹖丕爻貙 鬲乇爻 丨賵丕乇蹖賵賳貙 爻讴賵鬲 賵 睾蹖亘鬲 禺丿丕 賵 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賴賲乇丕賴 亘賵丿責 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 讴鬲丕亘 賲賯丿爻 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 卮賳亘賴 蹖 爻讴賵賳 賲蹖 賲丕賳丿 賵 賴蹖趩 蹖讴卮賳亘賴 乇爻鬲诏丕乇蹖 賵 賯蹖丕賲蹖 丿乇 讴丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲.
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丿乇 丨蹖賳 賲乇賵乇 禺丕胤乇丕鬲貙亘賴 丕賮鬲丕丿賳 丿乇 乇賵丿禺丕賳賴 賵 睾乇賯 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖 讴賳賳丿.丕蹖賳 乇丕 賳蹖夭 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丕蹖 亘賴 鬲毓賲蹖丿 丌亘 賵 鬲賵賱丿 鬲丕夭賴 丿乇 賳馗乇 诏乇賮鬲. 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賳 賳丕賲 賴丕亘蹖賱 賵 賯丕卅賳 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮貙毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕乇夭卮 賳賲丕丿蹖賳貙 賳卮丕賳 丕夭 噩賴丕賳 卮賲賵賱 亘賵丿賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿丕乇丿.
丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 鬲讴賳蹖讴 賴丕蹖 禺丕氐蹖 讴賴 亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 亘賴 丌卮賮鬲賴 丕賳丿蹖卮蹖 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 賵 賲亘鬲匕賱 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿賳 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 丌丿賲蹖 丕卮丕乇賴 讴乇丿(賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳 蹖讴丿诏蹖乇 乇丕 丿乇 丌睾賵卮 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿貙丕賲丕 賮賵乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘賵蹖 爻蹖乇 丕夭 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賮丕氐賱賴 賲蹖 诏蹖乇賳丿).
丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 賲丕賳賳丿 丿蹖诏乇 丌孬丕乇 丕亘夭賵乇丿貙爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖 丿賵乇丕賳蹖 丿丕乇丿. 蹖讴蹖 亘賵丿賳 夭賲丕賳 賵 賲讴丕賳 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 倬乇丿賴貙鬲讴乇丕乇 乇蹖鬲賲蹖讴 賵賯丕蹖毓 賵 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮毓乇 丿乇 丕亘鬲丿丕蹖 倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲 賳卮丕賳 丕夭 鬲爻賱爻賱 亘丕胤賱 賵賯丕蹖毓 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 卮乇賵毓 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賲卮禺氐 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳 賵賯丕蹖毓 亘丕 鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕賳丿讴蹖 丿乇 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲貙亘丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕乇賴丕 鬲讴乇丕乇 卮丿賴 賵 鬲讴乇丕乇 禺賵丕賴賳丿 卮丿.亘讴鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 蹖诏丕賳賴 賳賯胤賴 賯賵鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賵蹖賳 乇丕 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 : 丕賳鬲馗丕乇!丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇...
* - 賲孬賱 爻丕賲乇蹖 賳蹖讴賵: 乇賵夭賷 賷賰賷 丕夭 賲毓賱賲賷賳 卮乇賷毓鬲 丌賲丿 賵 丕夭 乇丕賴 丕賲鬲丨丕賳 丕夭 丕賵 倬乇爻賷丿: 芦丕賷 丕爻鬲丕丿貙 趩賴 亘丕賷丿 亘賰賳賲 鬲丕 賵丕乇孬 丨賷丕鬲 噩丕賵丿丕賳 卮賵賲責禄 毓賷爻賷 亘賴 丕賵 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦丿乇 鬲賵乇丕鬲 趩賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴責 丌賳 乇丕 趩胤賵乇 鬲賮爻賷乇 賲賷 讴賳賷責禄 丕賵 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿: 芦禺丿丕賷 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 丿賱 賵 鬲賲丕賲 噩丕賳 賵 鬲賲丕賲 賯丿乇鬲 賵 鬲賲丕賲 匕賴賳 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲 亘丿丕乇 賵 賴賲爻丕賷賴 丕鬲 乇丕 賲丕賳賳丿 噩丕賳 禺賵丿 丿賵爻鬲 亘丿丕乇.禄 毓賷爻賷 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦丿乇爻鬲 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿賷. 丕賷賳 賰丕乇 乇丕 亘賰賳 賰賴 丨賷丕鬲 禺賵丕賴賷 丿丕卮鬲.禄 丕賲丕 丕賵 亘乇丕賷 丕賷賳賰賴 賳卮丕賳 丿賴丿 丌丿賲 亘賷 睾乇囟賷 丕爻鬲 亘賴 毓賷爻賷 诏賮鬲: 芦賴賲爻丕賷賴 賲賳 賰賷爻鬲責禄 毓賷爻賷 趩賳賷賳 倬丕爻禺 丿丕丿: 芦賲乇丿賷 賰賴 丕夭 丕賵乇卮賱賷賲 亘賴 丕乇賷丨丕 賲賷 乇賮鬲貙 亘賴 丿爻鬲 乇丕賴夭賳丕賳 丕賮鬲丕丿. 乇丕賴夭賳丕賳 丕賵 乇丕 賱禺鬲 賰乇丿賳丿 賵 賰鬲讴 夭丿賳丿 賵 亘賴 丨丕賱 賳賷賲 賲乇丿賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳丿 賵 乇賮鬲賳丿. 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 賰丕賴賳賷 丕夭 賴賲丕賳 乇丕賴 賲賷 诏匕卮鬲貙 丕賲賾丕 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賷诏乇 噩丕丿賴 乇丿 卮丿. 賴賲趩賳賷賳 賷讴 賱丕賵賷 亘賴 丌賳 賲丨賱 乇爻賷丿 賵 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿賷诏乇 毓亘賵乇 賰乇丿. 倬爻 丕夭 丌賳 賷讴 賲爻丕賮乇 爻丕賲乇賷 亘賴 丕賵 乇爻賷丿 賵 賵賯鬲賷 丕賵 乇丕 丿賷丿貙 丿賱卮 亘賴 丨丕賱 丕賵 爻賵禺鬲. 賳夭丿 丕賵 乇賮鬲貙 夭禺賲賴丕賷卮 乇丕 亘丕 卮乇丕亘 卮爻鬲 賵 亘乇 丌賳賴丕 乇賵睾賳 賲丕賱賷丿 賵 亘爻鬲. 亘毓丿 丕賵 乇丕 亘乇丿丕卮鬲賴貙 爻賵丕乇 趩賴丕乇倬丕賷 禺賵丿 賰乇丿 賵 亘賴 賰丕乇賵丕賳爻乇丕賷賷 亘乇丿 賵 丿乇 丌賳噩丕 丕夭 丕賵 倬乇爻鬲丕乇賷 賰乇丿. 乇賵夭 亘毓丿 丿賵 爻讴賴 賳賯乇賴 丿乇丌賵乇丿 賵 亘賴 氐丕丨亘 賰丕乇賵丕賳爻乇丕 丿丕丿 賵 诏賮鬲: '丕夭 丕賵 賲賵丕馗亘鬲 賰賳 賵 丕诏乇 亘賷卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕賷賳 禺乇噩 賰乇丿賷貙 賵賯鬲賷 亘乇诏乇丿賲 亘賴 鬲賵 賲賷 丿賴賲.' 亘賴 毓賯賷丿賴 鬲賵 讴丿丕賲 賷讴 丕夭 丕賷賳 爻賴 賳賮乇 賴賲爻丕賷賴 丌賳 賲乇丿賷 賰賴 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丿夭丿丕賳 丕賮鬲丕丿 亘賴 丨爻丕亘 賲賷 丌賷丿責禄 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿: 芦丌賳 讴爻賷 讴賴 亘賴 丕賵 鬲乇丨賲 賰乇丿.禄 毓賷爻賷 賮乇賲賵丿: 芦亘乇賵 賲孬賱 丕賵 乇賮鬲丕乇 賰賳.禄 賱賵賯丕 10 : 25 - 37
** - 噩賲毓賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲爻蹖丨 亘賴 氐賱蹖亘 讴卮蹖丿賴 卮丿
May 23, 2016
鬲賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 "爻丕乇丕 乇賵賱" 賮賷 賰鬲丕亘賴丕 "賲丕卅丞 賲賯丕賱丞 賱賲 兀賰鬲亘賴丕" 亘兀賳賴丕 兀禺匕鬲 丕亘賳賴丕 丕賱氐睾賷乇 賷賵賲賸丕 賱賲卮丕賴丿丞 毓乇囟 亘丕賱賷賴貙 賵亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱毓乇囟 爻兀賱鬲賴 毓賳 乇兀賷賴貙 賮賯丕賱 : 賰丕賳 噩賲賷賱丕賸 賵賱賰賳賴 賱賲 賷毓噩亘賳賷!
丿賮毓鬲賴丕 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賮賷 賲丕 賱賵 賰丕賳 丕賱亘丕賱睾賷賳 賷賲鬲賱賰賵賳 賳賮爻 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 "丕賱丨賷丕丿賷" 亘賷賳 丕賱匕賵賯 賵亘賷賳 丕賱賳賯丿. 廿匕 噩乇鬲 丕賱毓丕丿丞貙 禺氐賵氐賸丕 亘賷賳 賳賯丕丿 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 亘丨爻亘 賯賵賱賴丕貙 兀賳 賷丨賰賲賵丕 毓賱賶 毓賲賱 賲丕 亘丕賱爻賵亍 賮賵乇賸丕 廿匕丕 賱賲 賷毓噩亘賴賲 兀賵 賷乇鬲賯賷 賱匕丕卅賯鬲賴賲!
兀賲賾丕 兀賳丕 賮賯丿 丿賮毓鬲賳賷 廿噩丕亘丞 丕亘賳賴丕 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賮賷 賰賱 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱噩賲賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲毓噩亘賳賷:
賱賵丨丞 丕賱賲賵賳丕賱賷夭丕
兀睾賳賷丞 "賴賱賵" 賱賱賲睾賳賷丞 兀丿賷賱
鬲賲孬丕賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞
賯氐丕卅丿 兀丿賵賳賷爻
賲丿賷賳丞 賱賳丿賳
賵 .. 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賮賷 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 噩賵丿賵"!
兀毓鬲乇賮 兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱 噩賲賷賱 賵賷丨賲賱 乇爻丕卅賱 賮賱爻賮賷丞 毓馗賷賲丞貙 賵賱賰賳賴 亘賰賱 亘爻丕胤丞 賱賲 賷毓噩亘賳賷貨 乇亘賲丕 賱兀賳賳賷 兀丐賲賳 亘兀賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 鬲購賰鬲亘 賱鬲購卮丕賴賻丿 賱丕 賱鬲購賯乇賻兀!
丿賮毓鬲賴丕 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賮賷 賲丕 賱賵 賰丕賳 丕賱亘丕賱睾賷賳 賷賲鬲賱賰賵賳 賳賮爻 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賮乇賷賯 "丕賱丨賷丕丿賷" 亘賷賳 丕賱匕賵賯 賵亘賷賳 丕賱賳賯丿. 廿匕 噩乇鬲 丕賱毓丕丿丞貙 禺氐賵氐賸丕 亘賷賳 賳賯丕丿 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 亘丨爻亘 賯賵賱賴丕貙 兀賳 賷丨賰賲賵丕 毓賱賶 毓賲賱 賲丕 亘丕賱爻賵亍 賮賵乇賸丕 廿匕丕 賱賲 賷毓噩亘賴賲 兀賵 賷乇鬲賯賷 賱匕丕卅賯鬲賴賲!
兀賲賾丕 兀賳丕 賮賯丿 丿賮毓鬲賳賷 廿噩丕亘丞 丕亘賳賴丕 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賮賷 賰賱 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱噩賲賷賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲毓噩亘賳賷:
賱賵丨丞 丕賱賲賵賳丕賱賷夭丕
兀睾賳賷丞 "賴賱賵" 賱賱賲睾賳賷丞 兀丿賷賱
鬲賲孬丕賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞
賯氐丕卅丿 兀丿賵賳賷爻
賲丿賷賳丞 賱賳丿賳
賵 .. 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賮賷 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 噩賵丿賵"!
兀毓鬲乇賮 兀賳 丕賱毓賲賱 噩賲賷賱 賵賷丨賲賱 乇爻丕卅賱 賮賱爻賮賷丞 毓馗賷賲丞貙 賵賱賰賳賴 亘賰賱 亘爻丕胤丞 賱賲 賷毓噩亘賳賷貨 乇亘賲丕 賱兀賳賳賷 兀丐賲賳 亘兀賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 鬲購賰鬲亘 賱鬲購卮丕賴賻丿 賱丕 賱鬲購賯乇賻兀!
August 28, 2019
禺噩丕賱鬲 賳丿丕乇賴 丕诏賴 賴賳賵夭 禺丿賲鬲 爻乇亘丕夭蹖 賳乇爻蹖丿賴 丕蹖...賵 丕禺乇丕噩 卮丿賴鈥屰� 讴丕乇卮賳丕爻蹖 丕乇卮丿 亘丕卮蹖!!!...禺亘...爻诏 丿賵 夭丿賳 讴賴 丕賮鬲禺丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲...鬲購賮 鬲賵 乇賵丨賽 爻乇亘丕夭蹖...丕禺乇丕噩 丕夭 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 賴賲 亘丕賱丕 亘乇丿賳 讴賱丕賴 丨囟丕乇 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫焚勜ㄘ�...讴賮賽 賲乇鬲亘 賴賲乇丕賴 亘丕 爻賵鬲...丕賲丕 賵丕賯毓丕 禺噩丕賱鬲 丿丕乇賴 鬲丕 丨丕賱丕 丿乇 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 诏賵丿賵 乇賵 賳禺賵賳丿賴 亘丕卮蹖...卮乇賲貙 卮乇賲 賵 賴夭丕乇丕賳 卮乇賲 亘乇 賲賳.!!!
賵 賴賲丕賳丕 丕蹖賳讴 佗鄯 匕賵丕賱丨噩賴 佟伽伽贍 丕夭 乇爻鬲诏丕乇丕賳 卮丿賲
賵 賴賲丕賳丕 丕蹖賳讴 佗鄯 匕賵丕賱丨噩賴 佟伽伽贍 丕夭 乇爻鬲诏丕乇丕賳 卮丿賲
June 16, 2024
[4.6猸怾 饾檧饾櫒饾櫏饾櫄饾櫑饾櫀饾櫍饾櫃饾櫎 饾櫀 饾檪饾櫎饾櫃饾櫎饾櫓 es una obra del teatro del absurdo escrita por Samuel Beckett en el a帽o 1949. Beckett era un erudito en literatura que estudi贸 a autores como Shakespeare y Proust, es conocido por crear un teatro nuevo y revolucionario. 饾檧饾櫒饾櫏饾櫄饾櫑饾櫀饾櫍饾櫃饾櫎 饾櫀 饾檪饾櫎饾櫃饾櫎饾櫓 se ha comparado a menudo con las obras de los bufones de Shakespeare ya que los protagonistas, Vladimir (Didi) y Estrag贸n (Gogo) comparten caracter铆sticas con estos personajes. Adem谩s, se ha relacionado con "El montaplatos" de Harold Pinter, otra pieza del teatro del absurdo, debido a la similitud en la situaci贸n y la din谩mica entre los personajes principales.
La obra presenta una estructura 煤nica en dos actos, rompiendo con la tradicional de cinco actos. Este minimalismo estructural se refleja tambi茅n en la escenograf铆a: un espacio indeterminado con un 谩rbol que, en el primer acto, no tiene hojas, y en el segundo, le crecen cuatro hojas, simbolizando un cambio que, parad贸jicamente, no altera en absoluto la situaci贸n de los personajes. Esta simplicidad resalta la esencia del teatro de Beckett, donde lo que importa es lo que los personajes dicen y hacen.
Los personajes son un reflejo de la condici贸n humana. Vladimir y Estrag贸n esperan a un tal Godot, que nunca llega, generando una espera interminable y vac铆a. Esta espera se ha interpretado de muchas maneras: desde la b煤squeda de sentido en la vida, pasando por la dependencia y la rutina, hasta la desesperaci贸n ante la ausencia de trascendencia. Los nombres de los personajes tambi茅n son simb贸licos: Estrag贸n, una hierba utilizada en la cocina, sugiere algo com煤n y cotidiano, mientras que Vladimir evoca a figuras hist贸ricas y religiosas, agregando capas de significado.
Pozzo y Lucky, los otros dos personajes, presentan una relaci贸n de subordinaci贸n que subraya la dependencia y la explotaci贸n. Lucky, cuyo nombre significa "suertudo" en ingl茅s, es ir贸nicamente lo opuesto, lo que a帽ade una capa de humor negro a la obra.
El lenguaje en la obra es incoherente, lleno de malos entendidos y malinterpretaciones, lo que subraya la absurda naturaleza de la comunicaci贸n humana. Este uso del lenguaje refleja la influencia de Beckett por autores como Shakespeare y su profundo conocimiento de la literatura.
La obra es minimalista no solo en su escenograf铆a, sino tambi茅n en su acci贸n. Los personajes realizan una serie de movimientos repetitivos y reflejos, como ponerse y sacarse las botas o los sombreros, comer zanahorias, lo que refuerza la sensaci贸n de monoton铆a y futilidad de sus vidas.
Finalmente, 饾檧饾櫒饾櫏饾櫄饾櫑饾櫀饾櫍饾櫃饾櫎 饾櫀 饾檪饾櫎饾櫃饾櫎饾櫓 es una obra incre铆ble y, de momento, es mi favorita en el teatro del absurdo. Hay profundas reflexiones sobre la vida, la soledad y la desesperaci贸n. Es una obra que requiere de actores experimentados para captar la sutileza y la complejidad de los personajes y sus di谩logos. El dramaturgo invita al lector a enfrentar las grandes preguntas de la existencia a trav茅s de una espera que parece eterna y sin sentido, pero que, al mismo tiempo, est谩 llena de significado y reflexi贸n.
La obra presenta una estructura 煤nica en dos actos, rompiendo con la tradicional de cinco actos. Este minimalismo estructural se refleja tambi茅n en la escenograf铆a: un espacio indeterminado con un 谩rbol que, en el primer acto, no tiene hojas, y en el segundo, le crecen cuatro hojas, simbolizando un cambio que, parad贸jicamente, no altera en absoluto la situaci贸n de los personajes. Esta simplicidad resalta la esencia del teatro de Beckett, donde lo que importa es lo que los personajes dicen y hacen.
Los personajes son un reflejo de la condici贸n humana. Vladimir y Estrag贸n esperan a un tal Godot, que nunca llega, generando una espera interminable y vac铆a. Esta espera se ha interpretado de muchas maneras: desde la b煤squeda de sentido en la vida, pasando por la dependencia y la rutina, hasta la desesperaci贸n ante la ausencia de trascendencia. Los nombres de los personajes tambi茅n son simb贸licos: Estrag贸n, una hierba utilizada en la cocina, sugiere algo com煤n y cotidiano, mientras que Vladimir evoca a figuras hist贸ricas y religiosas, agregando capas de significado.
Pozzo y Lucky, los otros dos personajes, presentan una relaci贸n de subordinaci贸n que subraya la dependencia y la explotaci贸n. Lucky, cuyo nombre significa "suertudo" en ingl茅s, es ir贸nicamente lo opuesto, lo que a帽ade una capa de humor negro a la obra.
El lenguaje en la obra es incoherente, lleno de malos entendidos y malinterpretaciones, lo que subraya la absurda naturaleza de la comunicaci贸n humana. Este uso del lenguaje refleja la influencia de Beckett por autores como Shakespeare y su profundo conocimiento de la literatura.
La obra es minimalista no solo en su escenograf铆a, sino tambi茅n en su acci贸n. Los personajes realizan una serie de movimientos repetitivos y reflejos, como ponerse y sacarse las botas o los sombreros, comer zanahorias, lo que refuerza la sensaci贸n de monoton铆a y futilidad de sus vidas.
Finalmente, 饾檧饾櫒饾櫏饾櫄饾櫑饾櫀饾櫍饾櫃饾櫎 饾櫀 饾檪饾櫎饾櫃饾櫎饾櫓 es una obra incre铆ble y, de momento, es mi favorita en el teatro del absurdo. Hay profundas reflexiones sobre la vida, la soledad y la desesperaci贸n. Es una obra que requiere de actores experimentados para captar la sutileza y la complejidad de los personajes y sus di谩logos. El dramaturgo invita al lector a enfrentar las grandes preguntas de la existencia a trav茅s de una espera que parece eterna y sin sentido, pero que, al mismo tiempo, est谩 llena de significado y reflexi贸n.
April 4, 2020
賲丕 賲賳鬲馗乇蹖賲. 讴賱丕賮賴鈥屫й屬�. 賳賴 丕毓鬲乇丕囟 賳讴賳貙 賲丕 鬲丕 爻乇 丨丿 賲乇诏 讴賱丕賮賴鈥屫й屬�. 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 丕蹖賳賵 丕賳讴丕乇讴乇丿.
禺購亘 蹖賴 鬲賳賵毓蹖 賴賲 讴賴 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賲丕 趩讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬呚� 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж臂屬� 丕夭 丿爻鬲 亘乇賴. 亘蹖丕貙 亘蹖丕 賲卮睾賵賱 卮蹖賲! (亘丕 诏丕賲鈥屬囏й� 亘賱賳丿 亘賴 爻賲鬲 鬲倬賴鈥屰� 讴賵趩讴 倬蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賲蹖鈥屫й屫池�.) 鬲賵 蹖賴 賱丨馗賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 賳丕倬丿蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賵 賲丕 蹖賴 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賳賴丕 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬呚� 賲蹖丕賳 賴蹖趩 賵 倬賵趩!
芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇禄
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳貙 賴乇 丿賵 丌禺乇蹖賳 乇賵夭賴丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 胤蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 賵 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賮乇丿蹖 亘賴鈥屬嗀з� 芦诏賵丿賵禄 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭┴促嗀�. 丌賳賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 诏匕乇丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 夭賲丕賳貙 蹖讴 爻賮乇 毓賲蹖賯 亘賴 丿乇賵賳 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫辟堎嗀� 鬲丕 賴乇趩賴 丿賱 鬲賳诏卮丕賳 丿丕乇丿 乇丕 乇賵 讴賳賳丿貙 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 丿爻鬲 亘賴 丿丕賲賳 賳丕爻夭丕 賵 賮丨卮 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 讴賴 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 讴丕乇 亘賴 丿毓賵丕 賵 噩乇賵 亘丨孬 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇�.
诏賵丿賵: 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 賲爻蹖丨 亘丕卮丿貙賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 禺丿丕 亘丕卮丿(God)
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇: (賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丌賲蹖夭) 丕賵賳 诏賵丿賵賽貨亘丕賱丕禺乇賴! 诏賵丿賵! 丕賵賳 诏賵丿賵賽! 賲丕 賳噩丕鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿蹖賲!
賵 讴爻丕賳賽 丿蹖诏乇!
禺蹖賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵卮丨丕賱賲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇賵 禺賵賵賳丿賲貙賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕蹖蹖 讴賴 爻亘讴 芦賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖禄 乇丕 丿丕乇丿.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 亘丕 鬲乇噩賲賴 毓亘丕爻倬賵乇 禺賵丕賳丿賲 賵賱蹖 亘賴 卮賲丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖讴賳賲 賯亘賱 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丨鬲賲丕 賳賯丿 賵 鬲賮爻蹖乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘蹖 賳馗蹖乇 乇丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿!
鄣 爻鬲丕乇賴鈥屰� 丿乇禺卮丕賳 亘賴 爻亘讴 賵蹖跇賴鈥屰� 亘讴鬲 馃専馃専馃専馃専馃専
亘賴 賯賵賱 亘讴鬲: 芦鬲賲丕賲 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕爻鬲禄
倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賵蹖跇賴: 鬲乇噩賲賴 毓賱蹖夭丕丿 丕夭 賳卮乇 亘蹖丿诏賱 賲胤丕賱毓賴 讴賳蹖丿.
禺購亘 蹖賴 鬲賳賵毓蹖 賴賲 讴賴 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賲丕 趩讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬呚� 賲蹖鈥屫柏ж臂屬� 丕夭 丿爻鬲 亘乇賴. 亘蹖丕貙 亘蹖丕 賲卮睾賵賱 卮蹖賲! (亘丕 诏丕賲鈥屬囏й� 亘賱賳丿 亘賴 爻賲鬲 鬲倬賴鈥屰� 讴賵趩讴 倬蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賲蹖鈥屫й屫池�.) 鬲賵 蹖賴 賱丨馗賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 賳丕倬丿蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賵 賲丕 蹖賴 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賳賴丕 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬呚� 賲蹖丕賳 賴蹖趩 賵 倬賵趩!
芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇禄
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕诏賵賳貙 賴乇 丿賵 丌禺乇蹖賳 乇賵夭賴丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 胤蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 賵 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賮乇丿蹖 亘賴鈥屬嗀з� 芦诏賵丿賵禄 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭┴促嗀�. 丌賳賴丕 亘乇丕蹖 诏匕乇丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 夭賲丕賳貙 蹖讴 爻賮乇 毓賲蹖賯 亘賴 丿乇賵賳 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫辟堎嗀� 鬲丕 賴乇趩賴 丿賱 鬲賳诏卮丕賳 丿丕乇丿 乇丕 乇賵 讴賳賳丿貙 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 亘蹖賳 丿爻鬲 亘賴 丿丕賲賳 賳丕爻夭丕 賵 賮丨卮 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 讴賴 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 讴丕乇 亘賴 丿毓賵丕 賵 噩乇賵 亘丨孬 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇�.
诏賵丿賵: 賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 賲爻蹖丨 亘丕卮丿貙賲蹖鬲賵丕賳丿 禺丿丕 亘丕卮丿(God)
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇: (賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丌賲蹖夭) 丕賵賳 诏賵丿賵賽貨亘丕賱丕禺乇賴! 诏賵丿賵! 丕賵賳 诏賵丿賵賽! 賲丕 賳噩丕鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿蹖賲!
賵 讴爻丕賳賽 丿蹖诏乇!
禺蹖賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵卮丨丕賱賲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇賵 禺賵賵賳丿賲貙賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕蹖蹖 讴賴 爻亘讴 芦賲毓賳丕亘丕禺鬲诏蹖禄 乇丕 丿丕乇丿.
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 亘丕 鬲乇噩賲賴 毓亘丕爻倬賵乇 禺賵丕賳丿賲 賵賱蹖 亘賴 卮賲丕 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖讴賳賲 賯亘賱 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丨鬲賲丕 賳賯丿 賵 鬲賮爻蹖乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘蹖 賳馗蹖乇 乇丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿!
鄣 爻鬲丕乇賴鈥屰� 丿乇禺卮丕賳 亘賴 爻亘讴 賵蹖跇賴鈥屰� 亘讴鬲 馃専馃専馃専馃専馃専
亘賴 賯賵賱 亘讴鬲: 芦鬲賲丕賲 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丕爻鬲禄
倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賵蹖跇賴: 鬲乇噩賲賴 毓賱蹖夭丕丿 丕夭 賳卮乇 亘蹖丿诏賱 賲胤丕賱毓賴 讴賳蹖丿.
January 24, 2020
Bulgarian review below/袪械胁褞褌芯 薪邪 斜褗谢谐邪褉褋泻懈 械 锌芯-写芯谢褍
In many of the film scores which he composed, Hans Zimmer includes a ticking clock motif. In 鈥淒unkirk鈥� he even used the so-called Shepard tone 鈥� an auditory illusion whose pitch sounds like it is constantly ascending, although it remains the same. In his play Samuel Beckett also hangs an imaginary giant clock (perhaps on that same lonely tree where the characters want to hang themselves) to tick time away for Estragon and Vladimir, but gives up the suspense technique. There is no suspense. There also seems to be a vacuum of time, though we can clearly hear the ticking, which shows that time is actually passing. There is only endless waiting.
鈥淣othing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it鈥檚 awful!鈥�
Beckett was inspired for his play from Caspar David Friedrich鈥檚 painting 鈥淭wo Men Contemplating the Moon鈥�. The sombre figures and the silhouette of the dead tree eerily contrast the golden moon in the distance. In the same way both V. and E. are constantly straining their eyes to see their shining moon on the horizon 鈥� their Godot 鈥� but what they lack is dynamics. 鈥淭he air is full of our cries鈥�, says Vladimir. 鈥淏ut habit is a great deadener鈥�. And the habit of doing nothing when you are muffled by the long cold fingers of meaninglessness doesn鈥檛 let its victims escape easily. In an interview, says 鈥淐ritical thinking without hope is cynicism. Hope without critical thinking is na茂vet茅鈥�. V. and E. naively hope that their salvation will come from outside, not from themselves. That is why they are caught in the impossible vicious circle of waiting for someone to bring meaning to them, but the meaning in their existence is to wait for someone to bring meaning to them.
鈥淲e always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression we exist?鈥�
We humans are great specialists in giving ourselves the impression that we exist. Even to delude ourselves that the things we do are somewhat meaningful. We would have gone mad otherwise. Maybe we have? 鈥淲e are all born mad. Some remain so鈥�. Godot is an allegory of what we all are waiting for. Probably also what we turn into while waiting. Perhaps the meaning is to search for meaning, not to expect it to come to you. Maybe there is no meaning. Where are you, Godot?
Beckett鈥檚 play is a representative of the theater of absurdity and its scrutiny of existentialism. Life is empty in anticipation of Godot, even communication is a broken wing of a bird, irrational, losing its own thread, a half-life. Samuel Beckett, who prefers 鈥淔rance at war to Ireland at peace鈥�, who, in his own words, writes because he鈥檚 fit for nothing else, in his play expresses that mute frantic scream we would all emit if absurdists are really right. They suspect that existence has no meaning, but since this cannot be proven, we have the choice of committing suicide or not. Vladimir and Estragon also consider hanging themselves in a very matter-of-factly tone a few times.
鈥淎ll evening we have struggled, unassisted.鈥�
It鈥檚 almost unbearable to be left to your own devices and your choices. Wondering whether to head for the unfamiliar, not knowing how dangerous it is or stay in the dreadful familiar whose degree of dreadfulness you already know. From an evolutionary point of view we are designed to place sure bets because there is always a swarm of bad things lurking in the dark. The unfamiliar is darkness. In fact, with the night approaching, V. and E. calm down, as if their trial is over for the day 鈥� night is a metaphor for death, and when you are dead, you are not expected to continue the painful search for meaning.
鈥淲aiting for Godot鈥� is quite an abstract play which is subject to all sorts of interpretations. Beckett was annoyed by this and wondered why people try to complicate something that was otherwise so simple. A literary critic said that virtually nothing happens in the play. What is more, since Act II is almost a repetition of the Act I, then nothing happens twice. Will there be any point reading 鈥淲aiting for Godot鈥� then? There will 鈥� because of the lifeless atmosphere that is a reflection of life 鈥� life is also very illogical at times, because of the irony and the fragments of pungent insight. And to search for a meaning for yourselves. Always for that.
鈥淭hat's how it is on this bitch of an earth.鈥�
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
袙 写芯褋褌邪 芯褌 褎懈谢屑懈褌械, 蟹邪 泻芯懈褌芯 械 泻芯屑锌芯蟹懈褉邪谢 屑褍蟹懈泻邪, 啸邪薪褋 笑懈屑械褉 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪 屑芯褌懈胁 褋 褌懈泻褌邪泻邪褖 褔邪褋芯胁薪懈泻. 袙 鈥炐斞幮叫盒笛€泻鈥� 写芯褉懈 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪 褌.薪邪褉. 褌芯薪 薪邪 楔械锌邪褉写 鈥� 蟹胁褍泻芯胁邪 懈谢褞蟹懈褟, 锌褉懈 泻芯褟褌芯 薪懈 褋械 褋褌褉褍胁邪, 褔械 褔褍胁邪薪芯褌芯 薪械锌褉械褋褌邪薪薪芯 褋械 褍褋懈谢胁邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 褌芯 写邪 芯褋褌邪胁邪 褋褗褖芯褌芯. 袙 褋胁芯褟褌邪 锌懈械褋邪 小邪屑褞械谢 袘械泻械褌 褋褗褖芯 芯斜械褋胁邪 胁褗芯斜褉邪卸邪械屑 谐懈谐邪薪褌褋泻懈 褔邪褋芯胁薪懈泻 (屑芯卸械 斜懈 薪邪 芯薪芯胁邪 褋邪屑芯褌薪芯 写褗褉胁芯, 泻褗写械褌芯 懈 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸懈褌械 懈褋泻邪褌 写邪 褋械 芯斜械褋褟褌), 泻芯泄褌芯 芯褌屑械褉胁邪 胁褉械屑械褌芯 蟹邪 袝褋褌褉邪谐芯薪 懈 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉, 薪芯 褋械 芯褌泻邪蟹胁邪 芯褌 锌芯褏胁邪褌邪 褋 薪邪谐薪械褌褟胁邪薪械 薪邪 薪邪锌褉械卸械薪懈械褌芯. 袧邪锌褉械卸械薪懈械 薪褟屑邪. 袙褉械屑械 褋褗褖芯 泻邪褌芯 褔械 谢懈 薪褟屑邪, 胁褗锌褉械泻懈 褔械 芯褌褔械褌谢懈胁芯 褔褍胁邪屑械 褑褗泻邪薪械褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 锌芯泻邪蟹胁邪 泻邪泻 褌芯 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋懈 芯褌懈胁邪. 袠屑邪 褋邪屑芯 械写薪芯 斜械蟹泻芯薪械褔薪芯 褔邪泻邪薪械.
鈥炐澬秆壭� 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪, 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈写胁邪, 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 褋懈 芯褌懈胁邪, 褍卸邪褋薪邪 褉邪斜芯褌邪.鈥�
袘械泻械褌 褋械 胁写褗褏薪芯胁懈谢 蟹邪 薪邪锌懈褋胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 褋懈 芯褌 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪褌邪 薪邪 袣邪褋锌邪褉 袛邪胁懈写 肖褉懈写褉懈褏 鈥炐斝残靶夹� 写褍褕懈, 褋褗蟹械褉褑邪胁邪褖懈 谢褍薪邪褌邪鈥�. 袦褉邪褔薪懈褌械 褎懈谐褍褉懈 懈 褋懈谢褍械褌褗褌 薪邪 屑褗褉褌胁芯褌芯 写褗褉胁芯 谢械泻芯 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 泻芯薪褌褉邪褋褌懈褉邪褌 薪邪 蟹谢邪褌懈褋褌邪褌邪 谢褍薪邪 胁 写邪谢械褔懈薪邪褌邪. 孝邪泻邪 懈 袙. 懈 袝. 薪械锌褉械褋褌邪薪薪芯 薪邪锌褉褟谐邪褌 胁蟹芯褉 写邪 胁懈写褟褌 褋胁芯褟褌邪 谐褉械械褖邪 谢褍薪邪 薪邪 褏芯褉懈蟹芯薪褌邪 鈥� 褋胁芯褟 袚芯写芯 鈥� 薪芯 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 懈屑 谢懈锌褋胁邪, 械 写懈薪邪屑懈泻邪. 鈥炐捬娦沸囱冄呇娧� 械 锌褗谢械薪 褋 薪邪褕懈褌械 泻褉褟褋褗褑懈鈥�, 泻邪蟹胁邪 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉. 鈥炐澬� 薪邪胁懈泻褗褌 械 谐芯谢褟屑 蟹邪谐谢褍褕懈褌械谢鈥�. 袗 薪邪胁懈泻褗褌 写邪 薪械 锌褉邪胁懈褕 薪懈褖芯, 泻芯谐邪褌芯 褋懈 褋泻芯胁邪薪 芯褌 褋褌褍写械薪懈褌械 写褗谢谐懈 锌褉褗褋褌懈 薪邪 斜械蟹褋屑懈褋谢懈械褌芯, 薪械 锌褍褋泻邪 薪懈泻邪泻 谢械褋薪芯 卸械褉褌胁懈褌械 褋懈. 袙 械写薪芯 懈薪褌械褉胁褞 泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 泻褉懈褌懈褔薪芯褌芯 屑懈褋谢械薪械 斜械蟹 薪邪写械卸写邪 械 褑懈薪懈蟹褗屑, 薪芯 薪邪写械卸写邪褌邪 斜械蟹 泻褉懈褌懈褔薪芯 屑懈褋谢械薪械 械 薪邪懈胁懈褌械褌. 袙. 懈 袝. 薪邪懈胁薪芯 褋械 薪邪写褟胁邪褌, 褔械 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 懈屑 褖械 写芯泄写械 薪褟泻褗写械 芯褌胁褗薪, 邪 薪械 芯褌 褌褟褏 褋邪屑懈褌械. 袟邪褌芯胁邪 褋邪 懈 褏胁邪薪邪褌懈 胁 薪械胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪懈褟 泻褉褗谐芯胁 泻邪锌邪薪 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 写邪 芯褔邪泻胁邪褌 薪褟泻芯泄 写邪 懈屑 写芯薪械褋械 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 薪芯 褋屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 薪邪 斜懈褌懈械褌芯 懈屑 写邪 械 写邪 褔邪泻邪褌 薪褟泻芯谐芯, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 懈屑 写芯薪械褋械 褋屑懈褋褗谢.
鈥炐捫感叫靶承� 薪邪屑懈褉邪屑械 薪械褖芯, 邪, 袛懈写懈, 蟹邪 写邪 褋懈 写邪胁邪屑械 胁懈写, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪屑械, 薪邪谢懈?鈥�
啸芯褉邪褌邪 褋屑械 谐芯谢械屑懈 褋锌械褑懈邪谢懈褋褌懈 胁 褌芯胁邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 写邪 褋懈 写邪胁邪屑械 胁懈写, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪屑械. 袛芯褉懈 写邪 褋械 褋邪屑芯蟹邪斜谢褍卸写邪胁邪屑械, 褔械 薪械褖邪褌邪, 泻芯懈褌芯 胁褗褉褕懈屑, 胁褋械 锌邪泻 懈屑邪褌 薪褟泻邪泻胁芯 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械. 袘懈褏屑械 锌芯谢褍写械谢懈 懈薪邪褔械. 袗 屑芯卸械 斜懈 褋屑械? 鈥炐捬佇秆囆盒� 褋械 褉邪卸写邪屑械 谢褍写懈. 袧褟泻芯懈 褋懈 芯褋褌邪胁邪褌鈥�. 袚芯写芯 械 邪谢械谐芯褉懈褟 薪邪 芯薪芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 胁褋懈褔泻懈 褔邪泻邪屑械. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 懈 薪邪 褌芯胁邪, 胁 泻芯械褌芯 褋械 锌褉械胁褉褗褖邪屑械, 写芯泻邪褌芯 褔邪泻邪屑械. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 褋屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 械 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈褕 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 薪械 写邪 谐芯 芯褔邪泻胁邪褕 褋邪屑 写邪 写芯泄写械 锌褉懈 褌械斜. 袗 屑芯卸械 斜懈 谐芯 薪褟屑邪 薪懈泻邪泻褗胁. 袣褗写械 褋懈, 袚芯写芯?
袩懈械褋邪褌邪 薪邪 袘械泻械褌 械 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈褌械谢 薪邪 褌械邪褌褗褉邪 薪邪 邪斜褋褍褉写邪 懈 薪械谐芯胁芯褌芯 胁谐谢械卸写邪薪械 胁 械泻蟹懈褋褌械薪褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪. 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 斜械蟹褋褗写褗褉卸邪褌械谢械薪 胁 芯褔邪泻胁邪薪械 薪邪 袚芯写芯, 芯斜褖褍胁邪薪械褌芯 写芯褉懈 械 锌褉械褔褍锌械薪芯 泻褉懈谢芯 薪邪 锌褌懈褑邪, 懈褉邪褑懈芯薪邪谢薪芯, 谐褍斜械褖芯 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 薪懈褕泻邪, 胁 锌械褉懈芯写 薪邪 锌芯谢褍褉邪蟹锌邪写. 小邪屑褞械谢 袘械泻械褌, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉械写锌芯褔懈褌邪 鈥炐ぱ€邪薪褑懈褟 胁褗胁 胁芯泄薪邪, 芯褌泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 袠褉谢邪薪写懈褟 胁 屑懈褉鈥�, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌芯 薪械谐芯胁懈 写褍屑懈 锌懈褕械, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 蟹邪 写褉褍谐芯 薪械 谐芯 斜懈胁邪, 懈蟹褉邪蟹褟胁邪 胁 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 褋懈 芯薪蟹懈 薪褟屑 薪械懈褋褌芯胁 胁懈泻, 胁 泻芯泄褌芯 胁褋懈褔泻懈 斜懈褏屑械 蟹懈薪邪谢懈, 邪泻芯 邪斜褋褍褉写懈褋褌懈褌械 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 褋邪 锌褉邪胁懈. 孝械 锌芯写芯蟹懈褉邪褌, 褔械 褋屑懈褋褗谢 写邪 褋械 褋锟斤拷褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 薪褟屑邪, 薪芯 褌褗泄 泻邪褌芯 褌芯胁邪 械 薪械锌褉芯胁械褉褟械屑芯, 薪懈 芯褋褌邪胁邪 懈蟹斜芯褉褗褌 写邪谢懈 写邪 褋械 褋邪屑芯褍斜懈械屑 懈谢懈 薪械. 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉 懈 袝褋褌褉邪谐芯薪 褋褗褖芯 芯斜屑懈褋谢褟褌 芯斜械褋胁邪薪械 褋褗褋 褋褗胁褋械屑 写械谢薪懈褔械薪 褌芯薪 薪邪 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 锌褗褌懈.
鈥炐ρ徯恍� 胁械褔械褉 褋械 斜芯褉懈褏屑械, 芯褋褌邪胁械薪懈 褋邪屑懈 薪邪 褋械斜械 褋懈.鈥�
袩芯褔褌懈 薪械锌芯薪芯褋懈屑芯 械 写邪 褋懈 芯褋褌邪胁械薪 褋邪屑 薪邪 褋械斜械 褋懈 懈 薪邪 懈蟹斜芯褉懈褌械 褋懈. 袛邪 褋械 锌懈褌邪褕 写邪谢懈 写邪 褌褉褗谐薪械褕 泻褗屑 薪械锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 薪械 蟹薪邪械褕 泻芯谢泻芯 械 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯, 懈谢懈 写邪 芯褋褌邪薪械褕 胁 褍卸邪褋薪芯褌芯 锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 胁褋械 锌邪泻 蟹薪邪械褕 泻芯谢泻芯 械 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯. 袨褌 械胁芯谢褞褑懈芯薪薪邪 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪懈 械 蟹邪谢芯卸械薪芯 写邪 懈谐褉邪械屑 薪邪 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 胁 屑褉邪泻邪 胁懈薪邪谐懈 写械斜薪邪褌 屑薪芯谐芯 谢芯褕懈 薪械褖邪. 袧械锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯褌芯 械 屑褉邪泻. 袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋 薪邪斜谢懈卸邪胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 薪芯褖褌邪 袙. 懈 袝. 褋械 锌芯褍褋锌芯泻芯褟胁邪褌, 胁褋械 械写薪芯 懈蟹锌懈褌邪薪懈械褌芯 懈屑 蟹邪 写械薪褟 械 锌褉懈泻谢褞褔懈谢芯 鈥� 薪芯褖褌邪 械 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 褋屑褗褉褌褌邪, 邪 泻芯谐邪褌芯 褋懈 屑褗褉褌褗胁, 芯褌 褌械斜 薪械 褋械 芯褔邪泻胁邪 屑褗褔懈褌械谢薪芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈褕 薪褟泻邪泻褗胁 褋屑懈褋褗谢.
鈥炐� 芯褔邪泻胁邪薪械 薪邪 袚芯写芯鈥� 械 写芯褋褌邪 邪斜褋褌褉邪泻褌薪邪 锌懈械褋邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯斜械泻褌 薪邪 泻邪泻胁懈 谢懈 薪械 懈薪褌械褉锌褉械褌邪褑懈懈. 袘械泻械褌 斜懈谢 锌芯写褉邪蟹薪械薪 芯褌 褌芯胁邪 懈 褋械 褔褍写械谢 蟹邪褖芯 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪褌 写邪 褍褋谢芯卸薪褟胁邪褌 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 懈薪邪褔械 褋懈 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯. 袝写懈薪 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉械薪 泻褉懈褌懈泻 泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 胁 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 薪邪 锌褉邪泻褌懈泻邪 薪懈褖芯 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪. 袧械褖芯 锌芯胁械褔械 鈥� 褌褗泄 泻邪褌芯 胁褌芯褉芯 写械泄褋褌胁懈械 械 锌芯褔褌懈 锌芯胁褌芯褉械薪懈械 薪邪 锌褗褉胁芯, 褌芯 薪懈褖芯 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪 写胁邪 锌褗褌懈. 些械 懈屑邪 谢懈 蟹邪褖芯 写邪 锌褉芯褔械褌械褌械 鈥炐撔拘葱锯€� 褌芯谐邪胁邪? 些械 懈屑邪 鈥� 蟹邪褉邪写懈 斜械蟹卸懈蟹薪械薪邪褌邪 邪褌屑芯褋褎械褉邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯褌褉邪卸械薪懈械 薪邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 鈥� 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 懈 胁 薪械谐芯 薪械胁懈薪邪谐懈 懈屑邪 谢芯谐懈泻邪, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 懈褉芯薪懈褟褌邪 懈 芯褌泻褗褋谢械褑懈褌械 褏邪锌谢懈胁懈 锌褉芯蟹褉械薪懈褟. 袠 蟹邪 写邪 锌芯褌褗褉褋懈褌械 懈 胁懈械 褋屑懈褋褗谢邪. 袙懈薪邪谐懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褌芯胁邪.
鈥炐⑿靶盒感残� 屑懈 褌懈 褉邪斜芯褌懈 薪邪 褌邪褟 褌褗锌邪 蟹械屑褟.鈥�
In many of the film scores which he composed, Hans Zimmer includes a ticking clock motif. In 鈥淒unkirk鈥� he even used the so-called Shepard tone 鈥� an auditory illusion whose pitch sounds like it is constantly ascending, although it remains the same. In his play Samuel Beckett also hangs an imaginary giant clock (perhaps on that same lonely tree where the characters want to hang themselves) to tick time away for Estragon and Vladimir, but gives up the suspense technique. There is no suspense. There also seems to be a vacuum of time, though we can clearly hear the ticking, which shows that time is actually passing. There is only endless waiting.
鈥淣othing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it鈥檚 awful!鈥�
Beckett was inspired for his play from Caspar David Friedrich鈥檚 painting 鈥淭wo Men Contemplating the Moon鈥�. The sombre figures and the silhouette of the dead tree eerily contrast the golden moon in the distance. In the same way both V. and E. are constantly straining their eyes to see their shining moon on the horizon 鈥� their Godot 鈥� but what they lack is dynamics. 鈥淭he air is full of our cries鈥�, says Vladimir. 鈥淏ut habit is a great deadener鈥�. And the habit of doing nothing when you are muffled by the long cold fingers of meaninglessness doesn鈥檛 let its victims escape easily. In an interview, says 鈥淐ritical thinking without hope is cynicism. Hope without critical thinking is na茂vet茅鈥�. V. and E. naively hope that their salvation will come from outside, not from themselves. That is why they are caught in the impossible vicious circle of waiting for someone to bring meaning to them, but the meaning in their existence is to wait for someone to bring meaning to them.
鈥淲e always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression we exist?鈥�
We humans are great specialists in giving ourselves the impression that we exist. Even to delude ourselves that the things we do are somewhat meaningful. We would have gone mad otherwise. Maybe we have? 鈥淲e are all born mad. Some remain so鈥�. Godot is an allegory of what we all are waiting for. Probably also what we turn into while waiting. Perhaps the meaning is to search for meaning, not to expect it to come to you. Maybe there is no meaning. Where are you, Godot?
Beckett鈥檚 play is a representative of the theater of absurdity and its scrutiny of existentialism. Life is empty in anticipation of Godot, even communication is a broken wing of a bird, irrational, losing its own thread, a half-life. Samuel Beckett, who prefers 鈥淔rance at war to Ireland at peace鈥�, who, in his own words, writes because he鈥檚 fit for nothing else, in his play expresses that mute frantic scream we would all emit if absurdists are really right. They suspect that existence has no meaning, but since this cannot be proven, we have the choice of committing suicide or not. Vladimir and Estragon also consider hanging themselves in a very matter-of-factly tone a few times.
鈥淎ll evening we have struggled, unassisted.鈥�
It鈥檚 almost unbearable to be left to your own devices and your choices. Wondering whether to head for the unfamiliar, not knowing how dangerous it is or stay in the dreadful familiar whose degree of dreadfulness you already know. From an evolutionary point of view we are designed to place sure bets because there is always a swarm of bad things lurking in the dark. The unfamiliar is darkness. In fact, with the night approaching, V. and E. calm down, as if their trial is over for the day 鈥� night is a metaphor for death, and when you are dead, you are not expected to continue the painful search for meaning.
鈥淲aiting for Godot鈥� is quite an abstract play which is subject to all sorts of interpretations. Beckett was annoyed by this and wondered why people try to complicate something that was otherwise so simple. A literary critic said that virtually nothing happens in the play. What is more, since Act II is almost a repetition of the Act I, then nothing happens twice. Will there be any point reading 鈥淲aiting for Godot鈥� then? There will 鈥� because of the lifeless atmosphere that is a reflection of life 鈥� life is also very illogical at times, because of the irony and the fragments of pungent insight. And to search for a meaning for yourselves. Always for that.
鈥淭hat's how it is on this bitch of an earth.鈥�
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袙 写芯褋褌邪 芯褌 褎懈谢屑懈褌械, 蟹邪 泻芯懈褌芯 械 泻芯屑锌芯蟹懈褉邪谢 屑褍蟹懈泻邪, 啸邪薪褋 笑懈屑械褉 胁泻谢褞褔胁邪 屑芯褌懈胁 褋 褌懈泻褌邪泻邪褖 褔邪褋芯胁薪懈泻. 袙 鈥炐斞幮叫盒笛€泻鈥� 写芯褉懈 懈蟹锌芯谢蟹胁邪 褌.薪邪褉. 褌芯薪 薪邪 楔械锌邪褉写 鈥� 蟹胁褍泻芯胁邪 懈谢褞蟹懈褟, 锌褉懈 泻芯褟褌芯 薪懈 褋械 褋褌褉褍胁邪, 褔械 褔褍胁邪薪芯褌芯 薪械锌褉械褋褌邪薪薪芯 褋械 褍褋懈谢胁邪, 屑邪泻邪褉 褌芯 写邪 芯褋褌邪胁邪 褋褗褖芯褌芯. 袙 褋胁芯褟褌邪 锌懈械褋邪 小邪屑褞械谢 袘械泻械褌 褋褗褖芯 芯斜械褋胁邪 胁褗芯斜褉邪卸邪械屑 谐懈谐邪薪褌褋泻懈 褔邪褋芯胁薪懈泻 (屑芯卸械 斜懈 薪邪 芯薪芯胁邪 褋邪屑芯褌薪芯 写褗褉胁芯, 泻褗写械褌芯 懈 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸懈褌械 懈褋泻邪褌 写邪 褋械 芯斜械褋褟褌), 泻芯泄褌芯 芯褌屑械褉胁邪 胁褉械屑械褌芯 蟹邪 袝褋褌褉邪谐芯薪 懈 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉, 薪芯 褋械 芯褌泻邪蟹胁邪 芯褌 锌芯褏胁邪褌邪 褋 薪邪谐薪械褌褟胁邪薪械 薪邪 薪邪锌褉械卸械薪懈械褌芯. 袧邪锌褉械卸械薪懈械 薪褟屑邪. 袙褉械屑械 褋褗褖芯 泻邪褌芯 褔械 谢懈 薪褟屑邪, 胁褗锌褉械泻懈 褔械 芯褌褔械褌谢懈胁芯 褔褍胁邪屑械 褑褗泻邪薪械褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 锌芯泻邪蟹胁邪 泻邪泻 褌芯 胁褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋懈 芯褌懈胁邪. 袠屑邪 褋邪屑芯 械写薪芯 斜械蟹泻芯薪械褔薪芯 褔邪泻邪薪械.
鈥炐澬秆壭� 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪, 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 懈写胁邪, 薪懈泻芯泄 薪械 褋懈 芯褌懈胁邪, 褍卸邪褋薪邪 褉邪斜芯褌邪.鈥�
袘械泻械褌 褋械 胁写褗褏薪芯胁懈谢 蟹邪 薪邪锌懈褋胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 褋懈 芯褌 泻邪褉褌懈薪邪褌邪 薪邪 袣邪褋锌邪褉 袛邪胁懈写 肖褉懈写褉懈褏 鈥炐斝残靶夹� 写褍褕懈, 褋褗蟹械褉褑邪胁邪褖懈 谢褍薪邪褌邪鈥�. 袦褉邪褔薪懈褌械 褎懈谐褍褉懈 懈 褋懈谢褍械褌褗褌 薪邪 屑褗褉褌胁芯褌芯 写褗褉胁芯 谢械泻芯 蟹谢芯胁械褖芯 泻芯薪褌褉邪褋褌懈褉邪褌 薪邪 蟹谢邪褌懈褋褌邪褌邪 谢褍薪邪 胁 写邪谢械褔懈薪邪褌邪. 孝邪泻邪 懈 袙. 懈 袝. 薪械锌褉械褋褌邪薪薪芯 薪邪锌褉褟谐邪褌 胁蟹芯褉 写邪 胁懈写褟褌 褋胁芯褟褌邪 谐褉械械褖邪 谢褍薪邪 薪邪 褏芯褉懈蟹芯薪褌邪 鈥� 褋胁芯褟 袚芯写芯 鈥� 薪芯 褌芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 懈屑 谢懈锌褋胁邪, 械 写懈薪邪屑懈泻邪. 鈥炐捬娦沸囱冄呇娧� 械 锌褗谢械薪 褋 薪邪褕懈褌械 泻褉褟褋褗褑懈鈥�, 泻邪蟹胁邪 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉. 鈥炐澬� 薪邪胁懈泻褗褌 械 谐芯谢褟屑 蟹邪谐谢褍褕懈褌械谢鈥�. 袗 薪邪胁懈泻褗褌 写邪 薪械 锌褉邪胁懈褕 薪懈褖芯, 泻芯谐邪褌芯 褋懈 褋泻芯胁邪薪 芯褌 褋褌褍写械薪懈褌械 写褗谢谐懈 锌褉褗褋褌懈 薪邪 斜械蟹褋屑懈褋谢懈械褌芯, 薪械 锌褍褋泻邪 薪懈泻邪泻 谢械褋薪芯 卸械褉褌胁懈褌械 褋懈. 袙 械写薪芯 懈薪褌械褉胁褞 泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 泻褉懈褌懈褔薪芯褌芯 屑懈褋谢械薪械 斜械蟹 薪邪写械卸写邪 械 褑懈薪懈蟹褗屑, 薪芯 薪邪写械卸写邪褌邪 斜械蟹 泻褉懈褌懈褔薪芯 屑懈褋谢械薪械 械 薪邪懈胁懈褌械褌. 袙. 懈 袝. 薪邪懈胁薪芯 褋械 薪邪写褟胁邪褌, 褔械 褋锌邪褋械薪懈械褌芯 懈屑 褖械 写芯泄写械 薪褟泻褗写械 芯褌胁褗薪, 邪 薪械 芯褌 褌褟褏 褋邪屑懈褌械. 袟邪褌芯胁邪 褋邪 懈 褏胁邪薪邪褌懈 胁 薪械胁褗蟹屑芯卸薪懈褟 泻褉褗谐芯胁 泻邪锌邪薪 薪邪 褌芯胁邪 写邪 芯褔邪泻胁邪褌 薪褟泻芯泄 写邪 懈屑 写芯薪械褋械 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 薪芯 褋屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 薪邪 斜懈褌懈械褌芯 懈屑 写邪 械 写邪 褔邪泻邪褌 薪褟泻芯谐芯, 泻芯泄褌芯 写邪 懈屑 写芯薪械褋械 褋屑懈褋褗谢.
鈥炐捫感叫靶承� 薪邪屑懈褉邪屑械 薪械褖芯, 邪, 袛懈写懈, 蟹邪 写邪 褋懈 写邪胁邪屑械 胁懈写, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪屑械, 薪邪谢懈?鈥�
啸芯褉邪褌邪 褋屑械 谐芯谢械屑懈 褋锌械褑懈邪谢懈褋褌懈 胁 褌芯胁邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯 写邪 褋懈 写邪胁邪屑械 胁懈写, 褔械 褋褗褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪屑械. 袛芯褉懈 写邪 褋械 褋邪屑芯蟹邪斜谢褍卸写邪胁邪屑械, 褔械 薪械褖邪褌邪, 泻芯懈褌芯 胁褗褉褕懈屑, 胁褋械 锌邪泻 懈屑邪褌 薪褟泻邪泻胁芯 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械. 袘懈褏屑械 锌芯谢褍写械谢懈 懈薪邪褔械. 袗 屑芯卸械 斜懈 褋屑械? 鈥炐捬佇秆囆盒� 褋械 褉邪卸写邪屑械 谢褍写懈. 袧褟泻芯懈 褋懈 芯褋褌邪胁邪褌鈥�. 袚芯写芯 械 邪谢械谐芯褉懈褟 薪邪 芯薪芯胁邪, 泻芯械褌芯 胁褋懈褔泻懈 褔邪泻邪屑械. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯 懈 薪邪 褌芯胁邪, 胁 泻芯械褌芯 褋械 锌褉械胁褉褗褖邪屑械, 写芯泻邪褌芯 褔邪泻邪屑械. 袦芯卸械 斜懈 褋屑懈褋褗谢褗褌 械 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈褕 褋屑懈褋褗谢, 薪械 写邪 谐芯 芯褔邪泻胁邪褕 褋邪屑 写邪 写芯泄写械 锌褉懈 褌械斜. 袗 屑芯卸械 斜懈 谐芯 薪褟屑邪 薪懈泻邪泻褗胁. 袣褗写械 褋懈, 袚芯写芯?
袩懈械褋邪褌邪 薪邪 袘械泻械褌 械 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈褌械谢 薪邪 褌械邪褌褗褉邪 薪邪 邪斜褋褍褉写邪 懈 薪械谐芯胁芯褌芯 胁谐谢械卸写邪薪械 胁 械泻蟹懈褋褌械薪褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪. 袞懈胁芯褌褗褌 械 斜械蟹褋褗写褗褉卸邪褌械谢械薪 胁 芯褔邪泻胁邪薪械 薪邪 袚芯写芯, 芯斜褖褍胁邪薪械褌芯 写芯褉懈 械 锌褉械褔褍锌械薪芯 泻褉懈谢芯 薪邪 锌褌懈褑邪, 懈褉邪褑懈芯薪邪谢薪芯, 谐褍斜械褖芯 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪邪褌邪 褋懈 薪懈褕泻邪, 胁 锌械褉懈芯写 薪邪 锌芯谢褍褉邪蟹锌邪写. 小邪屑褞械谢 袘械泻械褌, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌褉械写锌芯褔懈褌邪 鈥炐ぱ€邪薪褑懈褟 胁褗胁 胁芯泄薪邪, 芯褌泻芯谢泻芯褌芯 袠褉谢邪薪写懈褟 胁 屑懈褉鈥�, 泻芯泄褌芯 锌芯 薪械谐芯胁懈 写褍屑懈 锌懈褕械, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 蟹邪 写褉褍谐芯 薪械 谐芯 斜懈胁邪, 懈蟹褉邪蟹褟胁邪 胁 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 褋懈 芯薪蟹懈 薪褟屑 薪械懈褋褌芯胁 胁懈泻, 胁 泻芯泄褌芯 胁褋懈褔泻懈 斜懈褏屑械 蟹懈薪邪谢懈, 邪泻芯 邪斜褋褍褉写懈褋褌懈褌械 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 褋邪 锌褉邪胁懈. 孝械 锌芯写芯蟹懈褉邪褌, 褔械 褋屑懈褋褗谢 写邪 褋械 褋锟斤拷褖械褋褌胁褍胁邪 薪邪懈褋褌懈薪邪 薪褟屑邪, 薪芯 褌褗泄 泻邪褌芯 褌芯胁邪 械 薪械锌褉芯胁械褉褟械屑芯, 薪懈 芯褋褌邪胁邪 懈蟹斜芯褉褗褌 写邪谢懈 写邪 褋械 褋邪屑芯褍斜懈械屑 懈谢懈 薪械. 袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉 懈 袝褋褌褉邪谐芯薪 褋褗褖芯 芯斜屑懈褋谢褟褌 芯斜械褋胁邪薪械 褋褗褋 褋褗胁褋械屑 写械谢薪懈褔械薪 褌芯薪 薪邪 薪褟泻芯谢泻芯 锌褗褌懈.
鈥炐ρ徯恍� 胁械褔械褉 褋械 斜芯褉懈褏屑械, 芯褋褌邪胁械薪懈 褋邪屑懈 薪邪 褋械斜械 褋懈.鈥�
袩芯褔褌懈 薪械锌芯薪芯褋懈屑芯 械 写邪 褋懈 芯褋褌邪胁械薪 褋邪屑 薪邪 褋械斜械 褋懈 懈 薪邪 懈蟹斜芯褉懈褌械 褋懈. 袛邪 褋械 锌懈褌邪褕 写邪谢懈 写邪 褌褉褗谐薪械褕 泻褗屑 薪械锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 薪械 蟹薪邪械褕 泻芯谢泻芯 械 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯, 懈谢懈 写邪 芯褋褌邪薪械褕 胁 褍卸邪褋薪芯褌芯 锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯, 泻芯械褌芯 胁褋械 锌邪泻 蟹薪邪械褕 泻芯谢泻芯 械 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯. 袨褌 械胁芯谢褞褑懈芯薪薪邪 谐谢械写薪邪 褌芯褔泻邪 薪懈 械 蟹邪谢芯卸械薪芯 写邪 懈谐褉邪械屑 薪邪 褋懈谐褍褉薪芯, 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 胁 屑褉邪泻邪 胁懈薪邪谐懈 写械斜薪邪褌 屑薪芯谐芯 谢芯褕懈 薪械褖邪. 袧械锌芯蟹薪邪褌芯褌芯 械 屑褉邪泻. 袙褋褗褖薪芯褋褌 褋 薪邪斜谢懈卸邪胁邪薪械褌芯 薪邪 薪芯褖褌邪 袙. 懈 袝. 褋械 锌芯褍褋锌芯泻芯褟胁邪褌, 胁褋械 械写薪芯 懈蟹锌懈褌邪薪懈械褌芯 懈屑 蟹邪 写械薪褟 械 锌褉懈泻谢褞褔懈谢芯 鈥� 薪芯褖褌邪 械 屑械褌邪褎芯褉邪 薪邪 褋屑褗褉褌褌邪, 邪 泻芯谐邪褌芯 褋懈 屑褗褉褌褗胁, 芯褌 褌械斜 薪械 褋械 芯褔邪泻胁邪 屑褗褔懈褌械谢薪芯 写邪 褌褗褉褋懈褕 薪褟泻邪泻褗胁 褋屑懈褋褗谢.
鈥炐� 芯褔邪泻胁邪薪械 薪邪 袚芯写芯鈥� 械 写芯褋褌邪 邪斜褋褌褉邪泻褌薪邪 锌懈械褋邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯斜械泻褌 薪邪 泻邪泻胁懈 谢懈 薪械 懈薪褌械褉锌褉械褌邪褑懈懈. 袘械泻械褌 斜懈谢 锌芯写褉邪蟹薪械薪 芯褌 褌芯胁邪 懈 褋械 褔褍写械谢 蟹邪褖芯 褏芯褉邪褌邪 褋械 芯锌懈褌胁邪褌 写邪 褍褋谢芯卸薪褟胁邪褌 薪械褖芯, 泻芯械褌芯 懈薪邪褔械 褋懈 械 褌芯谢泻芯胁邪 锌褉芯褋褌芯. 袝写懈薪 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉械薪 泻褉懈褌懈泻 泻邪蟹胁邪, 褔械 胁 锌懈械褋邪褌邪 薪邪 锌褉邪泻褌懈泻邪 薪懈褖芯 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪. 袧械褖芯 锌芯胁械褔械 鈥� 褌褗泄 泻邪褌芯 胁褌芯褉芯 写械泄褋褌胁懈械 械 锌芯褔褌懈 锌芯胁褌芯褉械薪懈械 薪邪 锌褗褉胁芯, 褌芯 薪懈褖芯 薪械 褋械 褋谢褍褔胁邪 写胁邪 锌褗褌懈. 些械 懈屑邪 谢懈 蟹邪褖芯 写邪 锌褉芯褔械褌械褌械 鈥炐撔拘葱锯€� 褌芯谐邪胁邪? 些械 懈屑邪 鈥� 蟹邪褉邪写懈 斜械蟹卸懈蟹薪械薪邪褌邪 邪褌屑芯褋褎械褉邪, 泻芯褟褌芯 械 芯褌褉邪卸械薪懈械 薪邪 卸懈胁芯褌邪 鈥� 蟹邪褖芯褌芯 懈 胁 薪械谐芯 薪械胁懈薪邪谐懈 懈屑邪 谢芯谐懈泻邪, 蟹邪褉邪写懈 懈褉芯薪懈褟褌邪 懈 芯褌泻褗褋谢械褑懈褌械 褏邪锌谢懈胁懈 锌褉芯蟹褉械薪懈褟. 袠 蟹邪 写邪 锌芯褌褗褉褋懈褌械 懈 胁懈械 褋屑懈褋褗谢邪. 袙懈薪邪谐懈 蟹邪褉邪写懈 褌芯胁邪.
鈥炐⑿靶盒感残� 屑懈 褌懈 褉邪斜芯褌懈 薪邪 褌邪褟 褌褗锌邪 蟹械屑褟.鈥�
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