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Very Short Introductions #168

عهد جدید در مقام ادبیات

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The words, phrases, and stories of the New Testament permeate the English language. Indeed, this relatively small group of twenty-seven works, written during the height of the Roman Empire, not only helped create and sustain a vast world religion, but also have been integral to the larger cultural dynamics of the West, above and beyond particular religious expressions.
Looking at the New Testament through the lens of literary study, Kyle Keefer offers an engrossing exploration of this revered religious text as a work of literature, but also keeps in focus its theological ramifications. Unique among books that examine the Bible as literature, this brilliantly compact introduction offers an intriguing double-edged look at this universal text—a religiously informed literary analysis. The book first explores the major sections of the New Testament—the gospels, Paul's letters, and Revelation—as individual literary documents. Keefer shows how, in such familiar stories as the parable of the Good Samaritan, a literary analysis can uncover an unexpected complexity to what seems a simple, straightforward tale. At the conclusion of the book, Keefer steps back and asks questions about the New Testament as a whole. He reveals that whether read as a single document or as a collection of works, the New Testament presents readers with a wide variety of forms and viewpoints, and a literary exploration helps bring this richness to light.
A fascinating investigation of the New Testament as a classic literary work, this Very Short Introduction uses a literary framework—plot, character, narrative arc, genre—to illuminate the language, structure, and the crafting of this venerable text.

199 pages, Unknown Binding

First published March 1, 2008

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Displaying 1 - 26 of 27 reviews
Profile Image for امیر لطیفی.
164 reviews203 followers
August 15, 2022
دوّمین اثری است که بی‌وقف� در مورد عیسی می‌خوان�. قبلی بود. این یکی مشخصاً از عنوانش هم پیداست که متن‌محو� است. از جمله چیزهای نویی که این کتاب نسبت به قبلی برایم داشت پرداختنِ به رساله‌ها� پولس و مکاشفه بود. انجیل‌ه� در این اثر با دقتِ بیشتری بررسی شدند و فرصتِ مقایسه� بیشتر مهیا شد.

مواجهه با عهدِ جدید برای غیرباورمندان هم باید تجربه‌� لذّت‌بخ� و پرباری باشد، برای من که چنین بود. تلاش برای کشفِ انگیزه‌� باورها و نویسندگانِ کتبِ مختلفِ عهدِ جدید، مقایسه‌� عیسای انجیل‌ه� و رساله‌ها� پرواز با خیالِ یوحنا در مکاشفه‌� آخرالزمانی و در مجموع سعی برای فهم و درکِ رشته‌ها� پیدا و پنهانِ بخش‌ها� گونه‌گو� کتابِ مقدس مخاطب را به میانِ گفتگوهای بین‌متنی� پربار و همچنان زنده‌ا� می‌کش� که در هیچ مجموعه‌� قانونی (canonical) دیگری با این کیفیتِ و چنین رسا شکل نمی‌گیر�.
Profile Image for Bettie.
9,985 reviews5 followers
March 6, 2014
Narrated by Jonathon Walker.

4* Sexuality
4* The New Testament as Literature
3* Paul
4* Racism
3* Ancient Egypt
4* Witchcraft
3* The Book of Mormon
4* Druids
4* Forensic Psychology
3* Forensic Science


Points:
1. Paul. How can he be good to the cause.
2. Revelation as the first fantasy novel
3. "I only know two kinds of people, those who believe in good and evil, and those that don't" BWHAHAHAHAH
Profile Image for Felix.
345 reviews362 followers
June 3, 2018
This was a quick read. Even within the 'A Very Short Introduction' series, this volume is very brief. It discusses all of the books of the New Testament, giving short overviews of their literary (and of course, to some limited degree, theological) qualities. It's well-written, with a terse and to the point style. It is, however, rather basic in its analysis. I suppose this is to be expected from the title, but I have previously read one other book from the series (Mary Beard's Classics: A Very Short Introduction) and that one took a very different approach. Beard's text was more thematic, giving a feeling of the beating heart of the subject, whereas Keefer's is more traditional. I feel like this book puts priming the reader for other introductory texts as its formermost purpose, as opposed to presenting the reader with the intellectual approaches and challenges of the discipline (as in Beard's case).

Regardless, whether you like this book or not will depend on what you want to get out of it. If it is a stepping stone into further study of the subject area, I can wholeheartedly recommend it. If your purpose is to develop a quick understanding of the subject itself (and then move on to another subject), perhaps consider picking up something else.
Profile Image for Omid Milanifard.
379 reviews41 followers
January 22, 2019
انجیلهای چهارگانه و چند رساله دیگر که در مجموع کتاب مقدس را میسازند با هم تناقضات جدی به خصوص در تصویرسازی از مسیح دارند. با اینحال در این کتاب از دید ادبی و نه تفسیری به موضوع نگاه شده و این تناقضات به شخصیت سازی چند بعدی مرتبط شده اند. در مجموع به نظر من کتاب جالبی بود که اطلاعات خوبی هم داشت.
Profile Image for Stefan Gugler.
223 reviews23 followers
December 18, 2020
That was a well above average Very Short Introduction, well done Kyle Keefer! I think the scope was concisely chosen (some convenience arises, because the title is already a much more limited scope than say 'Postmodernism', but well) such that Keefer could easily introduce the concept of what the literature interpretation of the NT entails, walk through the big 3-4 swaths of the NT, and finally offer some larger context. Especially this last part felt very astute (even though it might just be a normal observation among Religion Studies researchers): how to interpret a canon of texts where it is a priori unclear how they actually belong together apart from the decision of some people 1700 years ago. Most interestingly, just by grouping these texts together (especially in the letters part, or the synoptic gospels vs. John's) a certain cohesion grew out of the myriads of exegeses over the centuries.

If you have some interest in the Bible as a primary historic or literary project (rather than a religious source), this VSI is a nice summary, full of reminders of cool stories in the Bible, setting them in context of literature from all around history.
Profile Image for Edie.
964 reviews19 followers
August 28, 2024
For me, the A Very Short Introduction series has been hit or miss. I am enthusiastic about the idea of the series. I have listened to Coogan's OT intro several times. It is fantastic. This one is okay but not quite as good. It isn't that there is anything particularly wrong with Keefer's intro, but this is a topic which has been written on extensively and there are better introductions out there. So, if you are only going to read one book about the NT, this should not be that book. But if you are going to read many, this is a quick and interesting enough overview - it is always nice to read a variety perspectives.
Profile Image for Lisa.
3,640 reviews485 followers
December 28, 2017
This week ABC Online is featuring an article titled What history really tells us about Jesus� birth, pointing out that the inn, the shepherds and animals; pretty much everything we think we know about the Christmas Story is historically wrong. So, yes, Christmas is as good a time as any to take a closer look at the New Testament, not for religious reasons, but for the importance it has in Western literature. So in between doing festive season stuff around the house, I’ve been taking short breaks to read The New Testament as Literature, a Very Short Introduction, by Kyle Keefer.

As Keefer says in this interesting VSI, scholarly interpretations of The New Testament have been around for centuries, and the book has been read by more groups and individuals than any other book ever written. It is not only read for religious reasons by Christians, but also for cross-cultural interfaith understanding, as well as by people of no religion who want to discredit it. But for many, it’s the NT’s place in literature that matters, whether that’s in books with explicitly Christian themes like Paradise Lost or The Pilgrim’s Progress, or books like Ulysses of Absalom, Absalom! that allude to biblical language and themes undogmatically.

Keefer, who is Assistant Professor of Religion in the Bible Belt of the USA, is interested in the intersection of the Bible and the arts, and so am I. Although I don’t have a religious bone in my body I love looking at early religious art, illuminated manuscripts, Russian icons, and stained glass windows. Church architecture is sublime, and the music written for religious purposes by the great composers, is, I think, among the most beautiful that there is. And although I strongly disapprove of monarchies of all kinds, I am inclined to be more tolerant of the dead ones in Europe because, even though they did it for their own aggrandisement, they commissioned such beautiful art works � which (in mature democracies that have abolished the monarchy) are now accessible to the public.

But it is the influence of the Bible in literature that interests me most...

To read the rest of my review please visit
Profile Image for Jonathan Walker.
Author5 books14 followers
August 17, 2017
I can't imagine fundamentalists would enjoy this book because it lays to one side or 'brackets' the truth claims of the Bible, but I found it exciting and liberating. By thinking about the various texts that make up the New Testament in terms of their rhetoric, imagery, characterisation of persons and events, implicit presuppositions (as well as explicit arguments), and intended audiences, it opens up entirely new perspectives for someone (like me) who grew up thinking of these texts in purely didactic or historical terms. In other words, this book considers the New Testament texts as created by human authors, using fictive (meaning constructed purposefully, not dishonest) techniques.
Profile Image for Wing.
347 reviews17 followers
September 27, 2017
This small booklet starts by briefly describing what literary study entails. Literature functions as "equipment for living" (Kenneth Burke). It then uses narrative criticism to dissect the Synoptic gospels; rhetorical critism to discuss the Pauline Corpus and the Gospel of John; form critism to demystify the Book of Revelation; and finally canonical critism to defend plurality within singularity. Putting theological dogmas aside and relinquishing the fantasy of recovering the "historial Jesus", one can find exploring the protean and multifaceted intepretative portrayals of Jesus both fascinating and illuminating. Four stars.
Profile Image for Gijs Limonard.
1,057 reviews26 followers
July 27, 2024
Pretty good primer on the literary origins of the New Testament, bit dull and one-damn-fact-after-another style; for a quick overview of the structure and function this very short introduction serves its purpose; as for a modern superb translation of the New Testament straight from the original koine greek please refer to 's magisterial and the classic companion guide by ; ; on the origin of the text be sure to check the extensive work done by .
Profile Image for Thomas.
540 reviews17 followers
March 22, 2025
Keefer's look at the NT as literature, while helpful in many ways, ultimately left too much to be desired, especially given some of his more critical conclusions. Not that critical exegesis is bad per se, but such a short exploration doesn't allow for different voices beyond the author's own to be satisfactorily heard.
Profile Image for Thor  R.
62 reviews
November 13, 2021
This book exposed me to a different way to view the New Testament and gave me more tools with which to interpret it. Some of the tools helped me sort or smooth out seeming contradictions and it gave me a framework by which to evaluate the NT as a whole.
Profile Image for Joel Richardson .
107 reviews3 followers
December 30, 2021
I won’t comment on the theology behind the writing of this book. That said, it was an interesting read. I wouldn’t classify it as an “introduction� though. The content of the book requires some foundational knowledge of the New Testament.
Profile Image for Bailey A.
13 reviews
April 5, 2023
I disagreed with a lot of points that Keefer made but overall there was a lot of good information that was packed into such a small book. Would recommend to people who want to learn more about the New Testament as a whole.
Profile Image for Darwin8u.
1,763 reviews8,934 followers
December 12, 2024
A really nice survey of the New Testament as literature. Nothing very new here, but spends a good amount of time discussing how the New Testament needs to be view both as a complete work and as individual pieces. He uses the idea of a pictorial collage to discuss the cannon. Anyway, it was solid.
Profile Image for Daniel Wright.
622 reviews88 followers
May 10, 2021
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: The New Testament and the literary canon
Chapter 3: The gospels
Chapter 4: Paul and his letters
Chapter 5: Revelation
Chapter 6: The New Testament, bound
Profile Image for Greg Hovanesian.
118 reviews2 followers
June 19, 2023
An incredibly interesting and easy-to-understand explanation of the New Testament as Literature.
Profile Image for Lee.
1,045 reviews39 followers
July 12, 2023
A bad attempt at thinking about the New Testament as literature, Keefer offered several mildly interesting interpretations of New Testament books, but the book never cohered. If there is a thesis, it is that Keefer is encouraging us to think about the Bible as literature, but it is never clear what that means because he never defines literature.
Profile Image for Bojan Tunguz.
407 reviews187 followers
April 10, 2011
My first encounter with the Bible came in my early teens. I always enjoyed reading, and more I read of the authors of broadly European provenance, more I came across allusions and references to the Bible. I became curious about this book that was overarching much of the Western art for the better part of the last two millennia. So my first encounter with the Bible, and the New Testament in particular, was driven by primarily literary and historical concerns. Since then I had become a Christian, and those concerns have somewhat faded into the background. In the light of that, coming across and reading "The New Testament as Literature: A Very Short Introduction" was a trip back in time. The book gave me an opportunity to look at the very familiar material from a newfound angle. By paying attention to the genre and the literary devices that the authors employed, I was able to read the New Testament stories with a deepened sense of their richness. What particularly appealed to me as a believer was the fact that the literary reading did not come at the expense of theological understanding of the texts, but was in fact complementing it and enriching it. This is far from being the predominant attitude by many of the today's critiques of the New Testament. In the age when "deconstructing" texts in terms of the purported ulterior motives of the authors, it is refreshing to come across a book where the author is content to let the text speak for itself.

The book is also a very useful introduction to the New Testament for anyone who wants to know more about it but is weary of having to be subjected to heavy-handed religious proselytizing. Even thought the book is not opposed to the theological points of view, and uses them for fuller understanding of New Testament, it is also not imposing theology on its readers. If you are just curious and would like to know more about what one of the most read books of all time is all about, this is as good of an introduction as it gets.

The book divides the material thematically and stylistically into Gospels, St. Paul's letters, the Revelations, other letters, and the Letter to the Hebrews. It pays attention to the peculiarities of each one of those general genres, and takes a closer look at some familiar and not too familiar passages. It also helps the reader understand how all those 27 books that comprise the New Testament canon fit together, and how to read them jointly as a part of a whole. This is important because precisely as a part of a unifying whole they have been read for the most of the history.

Overall, this is an excellent book, clearly written and accessible. It would be very useful and informative, whether you've read the New Testament a hundred times or are completely new to it. I strongly recommend it.
Profile Image for Kevin.
20 reviews6 followers
December 30, 2013
I enjoyed it a lot. For its short length there are many ideas. I have a good deal of familiarity with the Bible, being raised as a Christian, and through my own general reading of the Bible itself, and general reading. I was aware of the difference between the Gospels and Paul's letters, and how John's gospel is different from the other three. I also had a good familiarity with Revelations. However, this book gave me a good deal of additional high level insight, for example, the idea that the first three gospels are called the "Synoptic" (meaning, 'seen as one') and that they were likely all copied and adapted from Mark's gospel, which is the oldest. I also appreciated the idea of Revelations being the "first fantasy novel" and that it's purpose was literally to "scare the hell out of you." I myself have a troubled relationship with Revelations and find it, in the end, to be an offensive and immature sort of book. However you cannot deny that it is fascinating.

These are just two of the many ideas contained in the book, which is itty-bitty, at just 114 small pages, it's well worth the 2 hours it takes to read, and provides lots to think about.
Profile Image for Mel.
76 reviews11 followers
August 29, 2016
This was my first read of the Short Introduction series and I was impressed. I bought this after flicking through the first few pages in a book store and getting immediately hooked. This is a refreshing change of perspective on the New Testament and helped me appreciate The Bible in a whole different way. This has a wide audience appeal whether Christian or Atheist - a rarity in discussions of religious text. Rather than exploring the New Testament through emotive implications this book neutrally explores the story telling itself, the author's literary style and narrative.
This is a quick and easy, thought provoking read. Highly recommended to anyone interested in literature studies, ancient history or the Bible.
Profile Image for jzthompson.
434 reviews5 followers
August 21, 2017
The stated purpose of the book - applying methods from literary studies to the New Testament - doesn't always come through but this is a good basic primer on the books of the New Testament for an ignorant heathen like me; I'm not sure how useful someone with a better grounding in biblical studies would find it.
Profile Image for Jerry Landry.
464 reviews19 followers
June 9, 2016
Very interesting, enlightening, and insightful discussion of the New Testament as a work of literature. Keefer does a great job of examining the text and of explaining both what it seems to tell us about the intent as well as how it's been interpreted over the years. A very quick read and highly recommended for anyone interested in knowing more about the Bible in a scholarly context.
Profile Image for Samrat.
451 reviews
December 25, 2023
a LOT of overlap with the VSI for the New testament generally in approach (subject matter overlap taken as given). not sure much was really added.
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