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賰賵鬲賱乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯

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賰鬲丕亘 "賰賵賱鬲乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯" 賲賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 毓賲賷丿 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賮賷賱賷亘 賰賵賱鬲乇
賷丨鬲賵賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 賳氐丕卅丨 賲亘鬲賰乇丞 賵賮毓丕賱丞 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賮賷賴 兀丨丿孬 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丨賵賱 賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱毓孬賵乇 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵賰爻亘賴賲 賵丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕馗 亘賴賲. 賮賴賵 賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 毓賳 丕賱鬲賮賵賯 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賲賳賴 鬲賳亘毓 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丕鬲貙 賵丕賱鬲賰鬲賷賰丕鬲貙 賵丕賱禺胤賵胤 丕賱廿乇卮丕丿賷丞 丕賱毓丕賲丞 賱鬲丨爻賷賳 賮毓丕賱賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賯賷賲丞 丕賱毓賲賷賱. 賰賲丕 賷丨賵賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞 丕賱賲孬賷乇丞貙 賵丕賱丨賱賵賱 丕賱賲亘丿毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇卮丿 丕賱賲丿賷乇賷賳 丕賱鬲賳賮賷匕賷賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賷賵丕噩賴賵賳 鬲丨丿賷 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍貙 賵賯賵賶 丕賱爻賵賯 丕賱賲鬲睾賷乇丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞

257 pages

First published January 1, 1999

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4185 people want to read

About the author

Philip Kotler

758books1,311followers
Professor Kotler's book, Marketing Management, is the world's most widely used graduate level textbook in marketing. His other textbooks include Principles of Marketing and management: An Introduction and they are also widely used around the world.
Kotler developed new concepts in marketing including atmospherics, demarketing, megamarketing, turbomarketing and synchromarketing. He believes that marketing theory needs to go beyond price theory and incorporate the dynamics of innovation, distribution and promotion systems into analyzing, explaining and predicting economic outcomes.
Kotler has worked for many large companies in the areas of marketing strategy, planning and organization, and international marketing.
He presents seminars in major international cities and countries around the world on the latest marketing developments to companies and other organizations.
"He is the father of Marketing Management".
(Wikipedia)

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This book was needed for my studies. It鈥檚 a heavy read, but obviously an important one. Still, it was not easy to find the information that was relevant to me.
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April 20, 2018
丕匕丕 丕乇丕丿 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱丕爻鬲噩丕亘丕鬲 丕賵 乇丿賵丿 丕賱丕賮毓丕賱 丕賱鬲賷 賷乇賷丿賴丕 賷噩亘 丕賳 賷賯丿賲 卮賷卅丕 賷鬲氐賵乇賴 丕賱胤乇賮 丕賱丕禺乇 毓賱賶 丕賳賴 匕賵 賯賷賲丞 賲賲丕 賷噩毓賱賴 賷爻鬲噩賷亘 丕賵 賷賯丿賲 丕賱賲賵乇丿 賮賷 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱. 賵賴賰匕丕 賷亘乇夭 丕賱鬲亘丕丿賱 賰賮賰乇丞 噩賵賴乇賷丞 鬲賯賵賲 毓賱賷賴丕 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯. 丕匕 賷賲賰賳 賱賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賳 賷爻賵賯 丕賱賳丕爻 賵丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱鬲噩丕乇亘 賵丕賱丕賲丕賰賳.
丕賳 丕賴賲 丕賱丕爻賴丕賲丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賴賵 賲爻丕毓丿丞 丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱爻賵賯 賵丕賱毓賲賷賱 毓賵囟 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 毓賵囟 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 亘賷毓 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賷噩亘 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 鬲賱亘賷丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲.
鬲鬲睾賷乇 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱爻賵賯 賰賱 亘囟毓 爻賳賵丕鬲 賱匕丕 賯丿 鬲氐亘丨 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 丕賱丕賲爻 丕賱乇丕亘丨丞 丕賱丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 丕賱禺丕爻乇丞 丕賱賷賵賲. 賱匕丕 賴賳丕賰 賳賵毓丕賳 賲賳 丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲睾賷乇 賵鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺鬲賮賷. "鬲睾賷乇 丕賵 賯賮". 丕賳 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇 鬲鬲胤賱亘 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲毓賱賲.
賴賳丕賰 賯賵鬲丕賳 鬲丨丿丿丕賳 禺丕乇胤丞 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丞 賵丕賱毓賵賱賲丞
賷毓鬲賯丿 毓丕賲丞 丕賱賳丕爻 賵亘毓囟 乇噩丕賱 丕賱丕毓賲丕賱 丕賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賴賵 丕賱亘賷毓. 賮賷 丨賷賳 丕賳 丕賱亘賷毓 賱賷爻 爻賵賶 噩夭亍 賲賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯. 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賴賵 丕賰鬲卮丕賮 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷鬲賲 鬲賱亘賷鬲賴丕 賵丕賷噩丕丿 丨賱賵賱 賲乇囟賷丞. 毓賳丿賲丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賳丕噩丨丕 賷丨亘 丕賱賳丕爻 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵賷賳鬲卮乇 賴匕丕 丕賱丨亘 爻乇賷毓丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 鬲賳丕賯賱賴 卮賮丕賴丞. 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賷亘丿丕 賯亘賱 賵噩賵丿 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 丨賷孬 賷賯賵賲 丕賱賲丿賷乇賵賳 亘鬲賯丿賷乇 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 賵賯賷丕爻 賲丿丕賴丕 賵賰孬丕賮鬲賴丕 賵鬲丨丿賷丿 丕丨鬲賲丕賱 賵噩賵丿 賮乇氐 乇亘丨賷丞. 丕賱亘賷毓 賷丨氐賱 亘毓丿 鬲氐賳賷毓 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 丕賲丕 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賷爻鬲賲乇 胤賵丕賱 毓賲乇 丕賱賲賳鬲噩. 賷丨丕賵賱 丕賷噩丕丿 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵賷胤賵乇 噩丕匕亘賷丞 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵丕丿丕亍賴 賵賷鬲毓賱賲 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩 亘賷毓 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵賷丿賷乇 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲 丕賱賲毓丕丿丞. 賱匕丕 賮賱賷爻 丕丿丕乇丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵丨丿賴丕 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱丞 毓賳 丕乇囟丕亍 丕賱毓賲賷賱 亘賱 賰賱 丕丿丕乇丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賰丞. 丕匕丕 賱賲 鬲賮賰乇 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賷賱 賮丕賳鬲 賱丕 鬲賮賰乇.
賴賳丕賰 孬賱丕孬 賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱丕丿丕亍 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯賷
-丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丕爻鬲噩丕亘賷 "丕賰鬲卮丕賮 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 賵爻丿賴丕"
-丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丕賯賷 "丕賱鬲毓乇賮 毓賱賶 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賳丕卮卅丞 丨丿賷孬丕 丕賵 丕賱禺賮賷丞"
-丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱匕賷 賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賶 丕毓丕丿丞 鬲卮賰賷賱 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩 "丕賳丕 賱丕 丕禺丿賲 丕賱丕爻賵丕賯 丕賳丕 丕賳卮卅賴丕" 賴匕丕 丕賱賮乇賯 亘賷賳 丕賱卮乇賰丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯賵丿賴丕 丕賱爻賵賯 賵丕賱卮乇賰丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵丿 丕賱爻賵賯 賵鬲乇賮毓 賲賳 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞
賴賳丕賰 孬賱丕孬 賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲 鬲丨丿丿 賰賷賮賷丞 鬲毓丕賲賱 丕賱卮乇賰丞 賲毓 丕賱爻賵賯.
-鬲爻賵賷賯 賱毓丕賲丞 丕賱賳丕爻 丨賷孬 鬲毓乇囟 丕賱卮乇賰丞 賲賳鬲噩丕 賱賰賱 丕賱爻賵賯
-鬲爻賵賷賯 賲爻鬲賴丿賮 鬲爻鬲賴丿賮 賮賷賴 丕賱卮乇賰丞 賱噩夭亍 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 丕賱爻賵賯 丨賷孬 鬲爻鬲賴丿賮 卮乇丕卅丨 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 丕賱賲鬲賮乇丿丞
亘氐賵乇丞 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱賲噩賵毓丕鬲 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 賲賳 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 丕賱匕賷賳 賱賴賲 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 囟賷賯丞 丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿 NICHES 鬲氐賮 賰賱賲丞
-丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賮賯 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱毓賲賷賱 丨賷孬 鬲丐賯賱賲 丕賱卮乇賰丞 毓乇賵囟賴丕 丨爻亘 胤賱亘 丕賱毓賲賷賱
丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賮賷 毓賲賱賷丞 丕丿丕乇丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯
亘丨賵孬 丕賱爻賵賯RESEARCH
丕賱鬲噩夭卅丞 / 丕賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮/ 鬲孬亘賷鬲 氐賵乇丞 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賮賷 匕賴賳 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍STP
賲夭賷噩 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 (丕賱賲賳鬲噩/丕賱爻毓乇/丕賱賲賵賯毓/ 丕賱鬲乇賵賷噩)MM
丕賱鬲賳賮賷匕滨惭笔尝贰惭贰狈罢础罢滨翱狈
丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲睾匕賷丞 丕賱乇丕噩毓丞 賵鬲胤賵賷乇 丕賱丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 CONTROL
丕賳 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 賲毓賷賳丞 賲賯丿爻丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵賷丿賮毓賵賳 亘爻禺丕亍 賱卮乇丕亍 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 毓賳丿賲丕 賷乇賵賳 丕爻賲 丕賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞. 賵賮賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賴賵 丕禺鬲賷丕乇 丕爻賲 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 噩賷丿 賵丕賱丕毓賱丕賳 毓賱賶 賳胤丕賯 賵丕爻毓
丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賮賷 鬲胤賵賷乇 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 賯賵賷丞
-鬲胤賵賷乇 毓乇囟 丕賱賯賷賲丞 (丕禺鬲乇 鬲孬亘賷鬲 氐賵乇丞 匕賴賳賷丞 毓乇賷囟丞 賱賱賲賳鬲噩/ 丕禺鬲乇 氐賵乇丞 匕賴賳賷丞 賲毓賷賳丞 賱賱賲賳鬲噩/丕禺鬲乇 氐賵乇丞 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱匕賴賳賷丞 賱賱賲賳鬲噩/胤賵乇 毓乇囟 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱賰賱賷丞)
-丕賳卮卅 丕賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞 (丕禺鬲乇 丕爻賲 丕賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞/ 賰賵賳 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲 賵賵毓賵丿 賲賰孬賮丞 賱丕爻賲 丕賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞/ 賯賲 亘丕丿乇丕丞 賰賱 丕賱丕鬲氐丕賱丕鬲 亘卮丕賳 丕賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賲賳 丕噩賱 鬲賱亘賷丞 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賴賲)
丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱賷賵賲 賲毓乇賰丞 鬲毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賲賱賰賷丞 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賰孬乇 賲賲丕 鬲毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賲賱賰賷丞 丕賱賲賵丕乇丿 丕賱丕禺乇賶 (賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓丕賲丞 毓賳 丕賱丿賷賲睾乇丕賮賷丞/ 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿/ 丕爻賱賵亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞/ 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丞/丕賱爻賷丕爻丞...賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 禺丕氐丞 毓賳 丕賱毓賲賷賱/丕賱賲鬲毓丕賵賳賷賳/丕賱賲賳丕賮爻賷賳...賲亘賷毓丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賰丞 賵丨氐氐 丕賱爻賵賯/胤賱亘丕鬲 丕賱卮乇賰丞 賵丕賱胤賱亘丕鬲 丕賱乇丕噩毓丞/鬲賰丕賱賷賮 丕賱卮乇賰丞/乇亘丨賷丞 丕賱毓賲賷賱 丨爻亘 丕賱毓賲賷賱 賵丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵丕賱卮乇賷丨丞 賵賯賳丕丞 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 賵丨噩賲 丕賱胤賱亘 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕...)
丕賯鬲乇丨 亘乇賵賮賷爻賵乇 賲丕賰丕乇孬賷 賮賷 亘丿丕賷丞 丕賱爻鬲賷賳丕鬲 賲夭賷噩丕 鬲爻賵賷賯賷丕 賷鬲賰賵賳 賲賳 丕乇亘毓丞 毓賳丕氐乇
FOUR Ps
-丕賱賲賳鬲噩 丕賵 丕賱毓乇囟 賴賵 丕爻丕爻 丕賷 毓賲賱 丕賳 丕賱爻賱毓 賷賲賰賳 鬲賲賷賷夭賴丕 賮賷 丕卮賰丕賱 丨賯賷賯賷丞 丕賵 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 (賳賮爻賷丞)
- 丕賱爻毓乇 丕賳 丕賱賲氐賳毓 賷爻毓賶 賵乇丕亍 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱毓丕卅丿 丕賱匕賷 毓賳丿賲丕 賷禺氐賲 賲賳賴 丕賱鬲賰丕賱賷賮 賷賳鬲噩 毓賳賴 丕賱丕乇亘丕丨 丕賱賲爻賵賯賵賳 丕賱丕匕賰賷丕亍 賷噩賲毓賵賳 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲賴賲 賲毓 賮賵丕卅丿 丕禺乇賶 賵賷囟毓賵賳 爻毓乇丕 賱賱毓乇囟 丕賱賰賱賷
-丕賱賲賰丕賳 丕賵 丕賱鬲賵夭賷毓 丕賲丕賲 賰賱 賲爻賵賯 禺賷丕乇丕賳 丕賲丕 丕賳 賷亘賷毓 丕賱爻賱毓 賲亘丕卮乇丞 丕賵 賷亘賷毓賴丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賵爻胤丕亍
-丕賱鬲乇賵賷噩 鬲賳賯爻賲 丕丿賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲乇賵賷噩 丕賱賶 禺賲爻丞 丕賳賵丕毓 毓乇賷囟丞 (丕賱丿毓丕賷丞 / 鬲乇賵賷噩 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲/ 丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱毓丕賲丞 (丕賱賲胤亘賵毓丕鬲 丕賱丕丨丿丕孬 丕賱丕禺亘丕乇 丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱賲丨賱賷 丿毓丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賴賵賷丞 賳卮丕胤 丕賱賱賵亘賷 丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞 賮賷 賳卮丕胤丕鬲 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 ) /賮乇賷賯 丕賱亘賷毓/ 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱賲亘丕卮乇)
丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賴賵 賮賳 丕賷噩丕丿 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵丕賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賷賴賲 賵鬲賳賲賷鬲賴賲
Profile Image for Essam AlGhamdi.
15 reviews6 followers
November 14, 2010
I recommend to read this book after the fundamental books for the author.
the authoer is going a little bit of practical marketing.
丕賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲亘 丕賱噩丕賲毓賴 丕賱丕爻丕爻賷賴
賷賲賷賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘毓囟 丕賱卮賷 丕賱賶 丕賱丨丕賱賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷賴 丕賱毓賲賱賷賴
Profile Image for Mahmoud KHoolef.
110 reviews77 followers
January 15, 2020
乇丕卅毓 噩丿丕 賵賲賵爻賵毓賷 賱賰賳 賱賱丕爻賮 丕噩賷 丕胤亘賯 丕賵 丕鬲毓丕賲賱 亘賷賴 賮賷 丕賱爻賵賯 丕賱毓乇亘賷 丕賵 丕賱賲氐乇賷 亘丕賱丕禺氐 亘賷丨氐賱
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丕賱爻乇 賮賷 賳噩丕丨 丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 賵丕賱賲毓賷丕乇 丕賱賱賷 丕賯丿乇 丕賯賷賲 亘賷賴 卮睾賱賷 賵賲賳鬲噩賷 賵丨氐丞 丕賱爻賵賯 丕賱賱賷 丕賳丕 賲爻鬲丨賵匕 毓賱賷賴丕 丕賵 賲爻鬲賴丿賮賴丕 賴賵 賮賴賲賰 賱丿賵乇 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賷 卮乇賰鬲賰 丿丕 賱賵 賲賵噩賵丿 亘賷鬲胤亘賯 氐丨 賮毓賱丕 丕賲丕 賱賵 賲卮 賲賵噩賵丿 賮丿賷 賰丕乇孬賴 賵賴鬲囟胤乇 鬲丕禺丿 胤乇賷賯 胤賵賷賱 噩丿丕 賵卮丕賯
丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱氐丨 亘賷亘丿兀 賲賳 丕賵賱 丕賱賮賰乇賴 賵賯亘賱 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵賵噩賵丿 丕賱卮乇賰賴 賵丕賱賰賷丕賳 丕氐賱丕
賰賱 賱賲丕 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賮賴賲賰 賱丿賵乇賴 賷鬲兀禺乇 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 亘賷夭丿丕丿 氐毓賵亘賴

丕賱爻乇 丕賱丕禺乇 丕賵 賵賯賵丿 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賴賵 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵賯賷賲鬲賴丕 賵丕夭丕賷 鬲毓乇賮 鬲爻鬲睾賱 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱賱賷 噩賲毓鬲賴丕 亘卮賰賱 丕賮囟賱 賲丕 賷賰賵賳
賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱賲賱毓賵賲丕鬲 亘鬲賯丿乇 鬲賯賷賲 賳賮爻賰 丕賵賱丕 賵賯丿乇鬲賰 賵丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賰
鬲賯丿乇 鬲賯賷賲 丕賱爻賵賯 氐丨 賮賷 丨丕賱丞 賵噩賵丿賴 丕賵 丕賳賰 鬲亘賳賷 禺胤賴 氐丨
鬲賯丿乇 鬲爻鬲賴丿賮 卮乇賷丨賴 賲毓賷賳丞 亘毓丿 丿乇丕爻賴 賲爻鬲賮賷囟賴 賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賱賷 丕賱賲賮乇賵囟 鬲賱亘賷賴丕 ...丕賱禺

亘丕賱賳爻亘賴 賱賱丕卮禺丕氐 丕賷丕 賰丕賳 賲噩丕賱賰 丕賵 賲爻鬲賵丕賰 丕賰乇乇 賲乇賴 鬲丕賳賷賴 賱丕夭賲 鬲賴鬲賲 亘丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 亘丕賱賯丿乇 丕賱賱賷 賷禺賱賷賰 鬲賵氐賱 賱賴丿賮賰 賵卮睾賱賰 賵賲噩丕賱賰 賵賮賰乇鬲賰 賵鬲賯丿乇 鬲賮賴賲 亘乇丿賵 丿乇噩丞 鬲兀孬乇賰 亘乇爻丕卅賱 丕賱丕禺乇賷賳 爻賵丕亍 卮乇賰丕鬲 丕賵 賮乇丕丿 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賰 賵丨乇賮賷丕 丕賮賰丕乇賰 賵丕賮毓丕賱賰 賵乇丿賵丿 丕賮毓丕賱賰
賱賵 毓賲賱鬲 賮賱鬲乇賴 賰丿丕 賱丨賷丕鬲賰 賰賱賴丕 賵胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賮賰賷乇賰 賵賲卮丕毓乇賰 賴鬲賱丕賯賷賴丕 賲爻賷胤乇 毓賱賷賴丕 乇爻丕卅賱 賰鬲賷乇 噩丿丕 賲卮 亘鬲丕毓鬲賰 賵丕鬲夭乇毓鬲 噩賵丕賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱鬲賰乇丕乇 賲賳 丕賮賱丕賲 賲爻賱爻賱丕鬲 亘乇丕賲噩 丕賳鬲乇賳鬲 卮乇賰丕鬲 丕毓賱丕賳丕鬲

賮 丕賱賳賴丕賷賴 賴鬲賱丕賯賷 賳賮爻賰 賲卮 亘鬲丕毓鬲賰 賵丕賱丕禺乇賷賳 賲爻賷胤乇賷賳 毓賱賷賴丕 賵亘賷鬲丨賰賲賵 賮賷賰 賵丕賳賰 賲丨卮賵乇 賮賷 毓噩賱賴 丕賱乇爻賲丕賱賷丞 賵丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲
亘賷亘匕賱賵 賲噩賴賵丿 囟禺賰 毓卮丕賳 賷賵氐賱賵賱賰 賵賷兀孬乇賵 賮賷賰
Profile Image for Khaled .
4 reviews
January 19, 2012
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱丨噩賲丞 賮廿賳賴 賷禺鬲氐乇 毓賱賷賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丨囟賵乇 丕賱丿賵乇丕鬲 賵賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲亘 兀禺乇賶
Profile Image for Rihab.
700 reviews90 followers
February 5, 2018
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賵 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵 賲賮賷丿 噩丿丕 禺丕氐丞 丕匕丕 賰賳鬲 睾賷乇 賲禺鬲氐 亘丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮丕賱賰鬲亘 賷賮鬲丨 賱賰 賲噩丕賱 丕賱亘丨孬 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賷囟毓 亘賷賳 丕賷丿賷賳丕 丨丕賱丕鬲 賵 丕賲孬賱丞 賵丕賯毓賷丞 賱丕賳丕爻 丕賰鬲爻亘賵丕 丕賱孬乇丕亍 亘丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 .
鬲丨丿孬 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賳 賲賵丕囟賷毓 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賲毓鬲賲丿丕 丕賱丕賲孬賱丞 賱丕賷囟丕丨 賵 丕賷氐丕賱 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 ,
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賱賷亍 亘丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 賮鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱丕禺鬲乇丕毓 ,丕爻鬲睾賱丕賱 丕賱賮乇氐, 丕賱爻毓乇 丕賱賲賳禺賮囟 賲毓 丕賱噩賵丿丞 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞,丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞
賰鬲丕亘 賲禺鬲氐乇 噩丿丕 廿賱丕 丕賳賴 乇丕卅毓 賵 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賳 賷賯乇兀 丕賰孬乇 賲賳 賲乇丞.
Profile Image for Kurt Gielen.
197 reviews24 followers
November 11, 2012
If you are truly interested in understanding all the basic knowledge needed to become an impactful strategic marketing then this is a great and easy to understand book.
Clear, well structured and only the essentials without any fluff.
You can always read an infinite number of books of today's shiny object of marketing but you won't find many books who will stand the test of time as well as this book, despite the fact that some of the examples are outdated.

For those marketers who want to go beyond the buzz word of the day and are looking to make a true impact on the business that they are in.
Profile Image for Clark Nguyen.
11 reviews5 followers
March 4, 2015
Kotler has review the basic concepts and principles of marketing, which includes marketing strategy, marketing tactics and marketing management.
Although the knowledge is comprehensive, I found it not really interesting and smoothly to read. When I read this book, I felt like reading an extended version of Principles of Marketing (a text book written by Kotler).
In conclusion, this is still a must-read book, but I suggest that you should read it with high concentration to follow the flow of the books.
Profile Image for Kh谩nh Tr矛nh.
25 reviews90 followers
August 17, 2016
Kinh th谩nh c峄 ngh峄� thu岷璽 marketing. S谩ch ch峄� n锚n d霉ng 膽茫 tra c峄﹗, khi n脿o c贸 d峄媝 th矛 t矛m 膽煤ng ph岷 m脿 d霉ng. 膼峄峜 h岷縯 m峄檛 l岷 c贸 m脿 lo岷 :(
Profile Image for Dmitry.
1,183 reviews89 followers
November 1, 2021
(The English review is placed beneath the Russian one)

袨写薪邪 懈蟹 薪械屑薪芯谐懈褏 薪械锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪薪褘褏 泻薪懈谐 袣芯褌谢械褉邪 薪邪 褉褍褋褋泻芯屑 褟蟹褘泻械. 袙 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌械, 械褋谢懈 胁褘 锌褉芯褔谢懈 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘械 泻薪懈谐懈 袣芯褌谢械褉邪, 褌.械. 芦袦邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐 袦械薪械写卸屑械薪褌禄 懈/懈谢懈 芦袩褉懈薪褑懈锌褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪禄, 褌芯 褝褌褍 泻薪懈谐褍 屑芯卸薪芯 薪械 褔懈褌邪褌褜.

袙芯-锌械褉胁褘褏, 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 褍卸械 薪械 褌邪泻 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪邪, 懈斜芯 斜褘谢邪 懈蟹写邪薪邪 械褖褢 胁 XX 胁械泻械. 啸芯褌褟, 褟 褔邪褋褌芯 褔懈褌邪褞 泻薪懈谐懈 锌芯 斜懈蟹薪械褋褍, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 斜褘谢懈 懈蟹写邪薪褘 胁 XX 胁械泻械 懈 芯褑械薪懈胁邪褞 懈褏 芯褔械薪褜 胁褘褋芯泻芯. 袨写薪邪泻芯 胁 写邪薪薪芯屑 褋谢褍褔邪懈, 薪邪屑薪芯谐芯 谢褍褔褕械 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪褌褜 锌芯褋谢械写薪懈械 懈蟹写邪薪懈褟 胁褘褕械薪邪蟹胁邪薪薪褘褏 泻薪懈谐. 袗 褔褌芯 泻邪褋邪械褌褋褟 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐懈, 褌芯 胁 薪械泄 邪胁褌芯褉 锌褉邪泻褌懈褔械褋泻懈 薪懈褔械谐芯 薪械 锌懈褕械褌 芯斜 袠薪褌械褉薪械褌械, 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪褘褏 褋械褌褟褏 懈 锌褉. 袛邪, 写谢褟 斜邪蟹芯胁芯谐芯 锌芯薪懈屑邪薪懈褟 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪, 褝褌芯 薪械 褌邪泻 懈 胁邪卸薪芯. 袠 褌褍褌 屑褘 屑芯卸械屑 锌械褉械泄褌懈 泻 褌芯屑褍, 褔械屑 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪.

袚谢邪胁薪芯泄 褑械薪薪芯褋褌褜褞 泻薪懈谐懈 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褌芯, 褔褌芯 芯薪邪 芯锌懈褋褘胁邪械褌 胁褋械 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘械 斜邪蟹芯胁褘械 泻芯薪褑械锌褑懈懈 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪 胁 斜芯谢械械 褋芯泻褉邪褖褢薪薪芯泄 胁械褉褋懈懈, 薪械卸械谢懈 褝褌芯 斜褘谢芯 褋写械谢邪薪芯 胁 泻薪懈谐邪褏 芦袦邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐 袦械薪械写卸屑械薪褌禄 懈 芦袩褉懈薪褑懈锌褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪禄 懈谢懈 胁 谢褞斜芯屑 写褉褍谐芯屑 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褋泻芯屑 褍褔械斜薪懈泻械 锌芯 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐褍. 袩芯褝褌芯屑褍 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 屑芯卸械褌 锌褉懈谐芯写懈褌褜褋褟 褌械屑 褔懈褌邪褌械谢褟屑, 泻褌芯 褏芯褔械褌 锌芯薪褟褌褜 芯褋薪芯胁褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪, 薪芯 泻褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 褔懈褌邪褌褜 褌芯谢褋褌褘械 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褋泻懈械 褍褔械斜薪懈泻懈. 袙 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐械 胁褋械 斜邪蟹芯胁褘械 泻芯薪褑械锌褑懈懈 芯锌懈褋褘胁邪褞褌褋褟 褔褉械蟹胁褘褔邪泄薪芯 褌芯褔薪芯, 褟褋薪芯 懈 斜褍写褍褌 锌芯薪褟褌薪褘 写谢褟 谢褞斜芯谐芯 薪械锌褉芯褎械褋褋懈芯薪邪谢邪. 袦芯卸薪芯 写邪卸械 褋泻邪蟹邪褌褜, 褔褌芯 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪, 泻芯谐写邪 斜褘谢邪 懈蟹写邪薪邪 胁锌械褉胁褘械, 褟胁谢褟谢邪褋褜 谢褍褔褕懈屑 芯斜褉邪蟹褑芯屑 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐芯胁芯泄 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褘 写谢褟 锌械褉胁芯谐芯 蟹薪邪泻芯屑褋褌胁邪 褋 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐芯屑. 袨写薪邪泻芯 褋械泄褔邪褋, 胁 2021 谐芯写褍, 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 芯褔械薪褜 褋懈谢褜薪芯 褍褋褌邪褉械谢邪 胁 锌谢邪薪械 写械褌邪谢械泄.

袙芯-胁褌芯褉褘褏, 泻邪泻 屑芯卸薪芯 锌芯薪褟褌褜 懈蟹 胁褘褕械薪邪锌懈褋邪薪薪芯谐芯, 泻薪懈谐邪 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪邪 褌芯谢褜泻芯 写谢褟 薪芯胁懈褔泻芯胁 懈, 褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜薪芯, 薪械 薪械褋褢褌 薪懈泻邪泻芯泄 褑械薪薪芯泄 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈懈 谢褞写褟屑, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 谢懈斜芯 褍卸械 褔懈褌邪谢懈 泻邪泻芯泄-谢懈斜芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褋泻懈泄 褍褔械斜薪懈泻 锌芯 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐褍, 谢懈斜芯 褟胁谢褟褞褌褋褟 锌褉芯褎械褋褋懈芯薪邪谢邪屑懈 胁 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐械. 袩谢褞褋, 写邪褌邪 胁褘褏芯写邪 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐懈 锌芯谢薪芯褋褌褜褞 薪懈胁械谢懈褉褍械褌 泻邪泻褍褞-谢懈斜芯 褑械薪薪芯褋褌褜 泻薪懈谐懈 写谢褟 褝褌懈褏 谢褞写械泄.

袙-褌褉械褌褜懈褏, 屑薪械 锌芯薪褉邪胁懈谢芯褋褜, 泻邪泻 胁 褝褌芯泄 褋芯泻褉邪褖褢薪薪芯泄 泻薪懈谐械 斜褘谢懈 芯锌懈褋邪薪褘 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘械 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐芯胁褘械 褌械屑褘. 袧械褋屑芯褌褉褟 薪邪 褌芯, 褔褌芯 胁褋械, 芯 褔褢屑 锌懈褕械褌 邪胁褌芯褉 胁 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐械, 褟 写邪胁薪芯 蟹薪邪褞, 褌械屑 薪械 屑械薪械械, 锌褉懈褟褌薪芯 褔懈褌邪褌褜 芯斜褗褟褋薪械薪懈褟 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 褌械屑 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪. 袧邪 褋邪屑芯屑 写械谢械, 褉械写泻芯 泻芯谐写邪 屑芯卸薪芯 胁褋褌褉械褌懈褌褜 泻薪懈谐褍, 谐写械 褌邪泻懈械 褌械屑褘 芯锌懈褋褘胁邪褞褌褋褟 卸懈胁褘屑 懈 褟褋薪褘屑 褟蟹褘泻芯屑. 袝褋谢懈 褋褉邪胁薪懈胁邪褌褜 褋 褌械屑 卸械 褍褔械斜薪懈泻芯屑 锌芯 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐褍 袞邪薪-袞邪泻邪 袥邪屑斜械薪邪 芦袦械薪械写卸屑械薪褌, 芯褉懈械薪褌懈褉芯胁邪薪薪褘泄 薪邪 褉褘薪芯泻禄, 泻芯褌芯褉褘泄 褟 褔懈褌邪谢 锌褉邪泻褌懈褔械褋泻懈 芯写薪芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯 褋 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐芯泄, 袣芯褌谢械褉芯胁褋泻懈泄 褌械泻褋褌 斜芯谢械械 懈薪褌械褉械褋薪褘泄 懈 屑械薪械械 褋泻褍褔薪褘泄. 袣薪懈谐邪 袥邪屑斜械薪邪 褏芯褌褜 懈 锌褉械写谢邪谐邪械褌 屑邪泻褋懈屑邪谢褜薪芯 褉邪褋褕懈褉械薪薪褘泄 芯斜蟹芯褉 胁褋械谐芯 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪, 薪芯 械谐芯 褌械泻褋褌 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 褋泻褍褔薪褘泄 懈 褋谢芯卸薪褘泄, 褔褌芯 屑薪械 锌芯褋褌芯褟薪薪芯 锌褉懈褏芯写懈谢芯褋褜 斜芯褉芯褌褜褋褟 褋芯 褋薪芯屑. 袙 泻薪懈谐械 袣芯褌谢械褉邪 褌邪泻芯谐芯 薪械 斜褘谢芯 薪懈 褉邪蟹褍. 袛邪, 褝褌懈 泻薪懈谐懈 薪械谢褜蟹褟 褋褉邪胁薪懈胁邪褌褜. 袧芯 屑芯卸薪芯 芯褌写械谢褜薪芯 褋褉邪胁薪懈褌褜 芯斜褗褟褋薪械薪懈褟 斜邪蟹芯胁褘褏 泻芯薪褑械锌褑懈泄, 褌.械. 褌械褏 屑芯屑械薪褌芯胁, 谐写械 邪胁褌芯褉褘 锌械褉械褋械泻邪褞褌褋褟.

袙-褔械褌胁褢褉褌褘褏, 泻邪泻 斜褘褌褜 褌械屑, 泻褌芯 褏芯褌械谢 斜褘 锌芯薪褟褌褜 芯褋薪芯胁褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪, 薪芯 泻褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 褔懈褌邪褌褜 胁褘褕械薪邪蟹胁邪薪薪褘械 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌褋泻懈械 褍褔械斜薪懈泻懈 胁 800 褋褌邪褉懈褑? 啸芯褉芯褕懈泄 胁芯锌褉芯褋, 薪邪 泻芯褌芯褉褘泄 褍 屑械薪褟 薪械褌 芯褌胁械褌邪, 懈斜芯 褟 薪械 屑芯谐褍 胁褋锌芯屑薪懈褌褜 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪褘械 懈蟹写邪薪懈褟, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 斜褘 褌邪泻 卸械 褏芯褉芯褕芯 懈 泻褉邪褌泻芯 芯斜褗褟褋薪褟谢懈 斜褘 芯褋薪芯胁褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪. 效懈褌邪褌褜 胁褘褕械薪邪蟹胁邪薪薪褘械 褍褔械斜薪懈泻懈? 袧械 蟹薪邪褞. 小泻芯褉械械 胁褋械谐芯, 写邪. 袦芯卸薪芯 锌芯锌褉芯斜芯胁邪褌褜 胁蟹褟褌褜 芦袩褉懈薪褑懈锌褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪禄 胁 斜懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻械. 袙 懈薪芯屑 褋谢褍褔邪懈, 写邪卸械 薪械 褋屑芯褌褉褟 薪邪 褌芯褌 褎邪泻褌, 褔褌芯 褝褌邪 泻薪懈谐邪 斜褘谢邪 懈蟹写邪薪邪 胁 1999 谐芯写褍, 芯薪邪 褔邪褋褌懈褔薪芯 胁褋褢 械褖褢 芯褋褌邪褢褌褋褟 邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪芯泄 懈 锌芯薪褘薪械, 懈斜芯 褟 薪械 屑芯谐褍 胁褋锌芯屑薪懈褌褜 薪懈泻邪泻褍褞 写褉褍谐褍褞 邪谢褜褌械褉薪邪褌懈胁薪褍褞 褝褌芯泄 泻薪懈谐械, 谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褍, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟 褋芯写械褉卸邪谢邪 斜褘 褌械 卸械 褋邪屑褘械 褌械屑褘. 袙芯褌 褌邪泻芯泄 锌邪褉邪写芯泻褋.

One of the few remaining books by Kotler that I have not read in Russian. In principle, if you have read Kotler's basic books, i.e., "Marketing Management" and/or "Principles of Marketing," then this book may not be read.

First of all, this book is not so relevant anymore because it was published back in the twentieth century. Although I often read business books that were published in the twentieth century and rate them very highly However, in this case, it is much better to read the latest edition of the aforementioned books. As for this book, the author writes almost nothing about the Internet, social media, etc. Yes, for a basic understanding of marketing, it's not that important. And here, we can move on to what this book is.

The main value of the book is that it describes all the basic marketing concepts in a more abbreviated version than has been done in Marketing Management and Principles of Marketing or any other university marketing textbook. Therefore, this book may come in handy for those readers who want to understand the basics of marketing but who do not want to read thick university textbooks. This book describes all the basic concepts extremely accurately, clearly and will be understandable to any non-professional. You could even say that this book, when it was first published, was the best example of marketing literature for the first introduction to marketing. However, now, in the year 2021, this book is very much outdated in terms of details.

Second, as you can understand from the above, the book is relevant only to beginners and, therefore, does not bring any valuable information to people who have either already read some university textbook on marketing or are professionals in marketing. Plus, the release date of this book completely negates any value of the book to those people.

Third, I liked the way this shortened book covered basic marketing topics. Even though everything the author writes about in this book I have known for a long time, it is nevertheless a pleasure to read the explanations of basic marketing topics. In fact, it is rare to find a book where such topics are described in vivid and clear language. Compared to Jean-Jacques Lambin's marketing textbook, Market-Driven Management: Strategic and Operational Marketing, which I read almost simultaneously with this book, Kotler's text is more interesting and less boring. Although Lambin's book offers the most extended overview of overall marketing, his text is so boring and complicated that I constantly had to fight against sleep. In Kotler's book, there was never any such thing. Yes, these books cannot be compared. But you can compare the explanations of the basic concepts separately, i.e., those points where the authors overlap.

Fourth, what about those who want to understand the basics of marketing but do not want to read the above-mentioned university textbooks? A good question to which I have no answer because I cannot think of any modern books that explain the basics of marketing as well and concisely. To read the aforementioned textbooks? I don't know. Probably, yes. One could try to borrow Principles of Marketing from the library. Otherwise, even in spite of the fact that this book was published in 1999, it is still partly relevant today because I cannot think of any other literature alternative to this book that contains the same topics. Such is the paradox.
Profile Image for Abdelgawad Farag.
7 reviews1 follower
May 29, 2024
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賵孬乇賷 賱賱睾丕賷丞 乇睾賲 賰孬乇丞 丕賱鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲 賱賰賳 賷毓胤賷 賮賰乇丞 賰丕賲賱丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賲賳 丕賱兀賱賮 賱賱賷丕亍 亘丿丕賷丞 賲賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱廿爻鬲賷乇丕鬲賷噩賷 賵胤乇賯 鬲丨賯賷賯 丕賱乇亘丨 賲乇賵乇賸丕 亘鬲賰賵賷賳 丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 賵丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 賵鬲賳賵毓 丕賱廿丿丕乇丕鬲 賵丿賵乇 賰賱 廿丿丕乇丞 禺氐賷氐賸丕 賮賷 乇丨賱丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 孬賲 鬲胤乇賯 賱禺胤賵丕鬲 毓賲賱賷賴 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賰賷賮賷賴 噩匕亘 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵丕賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賷賴賲 賵鬲賳賲賷鬲賴賲 賵賲丕 亘毓丿 賲賳 鬲賳馗賷賲 賵賲乇丕賯亘丞 丕賱爻賵賯 賵賯丿 賰丕賳 噩夭亍賸丕 毓爻賷乇 丕賱賮賴賲 廿賱賷 丨丿 賲丕 賱賰賳 賲購噩賲賱賸丕 賴賵 賲賳賴噩 賲氐睾乇 賱賲亘鬲丿卅 毓賱賲 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯.
Profile Image for 丌賱胤丌賮 胤賱丕賱.
133 reviews20 followers
July 1, 2017
鈥徹з囐� 賳賯丕胤 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨賵賱 丕賱丕禺鬲乇丕毓 貙丕賱鬲胤賵賷乇貙丕賱鬲睾賷乇 貙 丕爻鬲睾賱丕賱 丕賱賮乇氐 貙丕賱爻毓乇 丕賱賲賳禺賮囟 賲毓 丕賱噩賵丿丞 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞 貙丕賱賲賳丕賮爻丞 賵丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 賵 丨胤賵丕 鬲丨鬲 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱賮 禺胤 .
賵賰鬲丕亘 禺賮賷賮 賵賲禺鬲氐乇 亘爻 卮丕賲賱 貙 丿賱賷賱 丕賷 卮禺氐 賲賯亘賱 毓賱賶 丕賷 賲卮乇賵毓
丨亘賷鬲 馃挋
1 review
February 27, 2022
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賷賳丕賯卮 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 賱賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 丕賱鬲胤亘賯賷丞 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賱卮乇賰丕鬲.
Profile Image for Jung.
1,720 reviews38 followers
September 22, 2021
Marketing is the art of identifying and fulfilling consumer needs 鈥� whether it鈥檚 a corporation trying to increase its revenue, a cultural institution trying to attract more visitors, or a politician trying to cultivate her public image. There are five steps to any successful marketing campaign: research market opportunities, choose your target market carefully, decide on a unique positioning, implement marketing tactics, and audit the results. This method forms a circular process, which you can continually put into action to adapt your marketing strategy to the ever-changing market.

Actionable Advice:

Create a marketing plan.

Planning might not be the most exciting activity on the agenda, but it gives managers an opportunity to brainstorm new ideas and communicate shared visions and goals with one another. Your marketing plan should be short and sweet 鈥� ideally no longer than a single page 鈥� so anyone in the company can learn the strategy at a glance. It should contain a summary of the current situation of the company and the market, the marketing department鈥檚 main objectives for the year, the chosen strategy, an action plan, and the methods for evaluation. As the saying goes, if you fail to plan, you plan to fail!

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The five steps in any successful marketing campaign are: research, target, position, implement, and evaluate.

Open a few books on marketing, and you鈥檒l notice a trend: most focus on for-profit marketing. While these follow this tradition as well, marketing needs extend far beyond commercial enterprises. All kinds of organizations face marketing problems 鈥� universities compete for students, political parties vie for votes, and churches try to attract parishioners.

What鈥檚 common to all of these organizations is the desire to attract resources from the public. These resources include money, sure 鈥� but also engagement, interest, votes, reviews, or good word-of-mouth. The challenge for any marketer is figuring out how to persuade people to hand them over.

We鈥檒l lay out a five-stage marketing method for doing just that. The strategy guiding this method is to offer people some perceived value in return for their resources.

The first stage, then, is research. Without research, a company enters the market blind. A newly launched product isn鈥檛 likely to meet with success if there isn鈥檛 a desire for it. That means that, prior to anything else, it鈥檚 essential to learn about consumers鈥� needs, tastes, and income levels 鈥� as well as about any likely competitors.

The next stage is to choose your target market. Consumers aren鈥檛 all the same, and not every consumer will be a profitable prospect. So, it pays to streamline your marketing efforts by targeting only those consumers that have the means, and the desire, to buy your product.

The third stage is to position your product to appeal to this market. Product positioning refers to how you plan on communicating the value of your offering to consumers. For example, the car manufacturer Volvo actively targets safety-conscious consumers by positioning their cars as the safest on the market.

At this point, it鈥檚 time to execute your vision by implementing marketing tactics. As we鈥檒l see later, firms can adapt the so-called Four P鈥檚 framework 鈥� that is, product, price, place, and promotion 鈥� to help choose effective marketing tactics.

Once you鈥檝e implemented your tactics, it鈥檚 time for the final stage: evaluation. You can鈥檛 rely on the same marketing strategy forever 鈥� it鈥檚 imperative to continuously test your marketing efforts to ensure they鈥檙e still effective. Successful companies are those that show a willingness to listen to customer feedback, undertake regular auditing, and adapt to good ideas wherever 鈥� and whenever 鈥� they emerge.

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Develop a more focused marketing campaign by selecting a target market.

Once you鈥檝e decided on a product to bring to market, the next step is to choose your target market.

Now, some products have a broad appeal 鈥� so old-school, mass-marketing methods like TV advertising could be an effective strategy. This pretty much describes Coca-Cola, which says its aim is to put a coke within an arm's reach of everybody.

But most products don鈥檛 have such a general appeal. And given the high cost of mass-marketing campaigns, it鈥檚 usually more efficient to practice target marketing 鈥� in other words, directing your product and promotional efforts at a specific segment of the market. For example, if you supply menstrual products, then your marketing is obviously only going to be effective on part of the population; it鈥檚 this group that you want to target.

One of the benefits of targeting is that it allows you to cater a more specific offering to your chosen market. This means you鈥檙e likely to have fewer direct competitors 鈥� and a greater chance of becoming the supplier of choice for this market.

On the other hand, if the target market you choose is too narrow, you risk not having enough customers to be able to service the market profitably. It鈥檚 the marketer鈥檚 responsibility to consider target markets carefully and select only those that are likely to be profitable.

The profitability of a target market depends on a number of factors 鈥� like how many people belong to that market, what their average income is, and how well their needs are currently being met.

With that in mind, the first step toward selecting your target market is to create a customer spreadsheet in which you divide all your potential customers into a myriad of smaller categories. There are countless possibilities for divvying up consumers, but popular choices include segmentation by demographic background, needs and desires, occupation, and income.

Once you鈥檝e created your customer spreadsheet, all that鈥檚 left for you to do is select the market segments that are likely to be the most profitable. When making your selection, there are really only two considerations you need to make. First, ask yourself whether a group is able and willing to buy your product. And, second, do you believe your product can serve this group in a superior way?

When you鈥檙e able to answer 鈥測es鈥� to these two questions, you have your target market.

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Use the Four C鈥檚 framework to help you choose effective marketing tactics.

In the past, marketers believed their most important function was to find new customers. But that meant firms often treated new customers better than their current ones 鈥� and many dissatisfied customers went elsewhere.

These days, the consensus among marketers is the complete opposite: maintaining and growing current customers is now the primary objective. This makes sense because, as we now know, customer retention is far cheaper and far more profitable in the long run than attracting new customers.

But, given this change in outlook, the old Four P鈥檚 model of focusing on product, price, place, and promotion needs to be updated, too. In today's economy, where customer is king, we should really be talking about the Four C鈥檚: customer value, cost, convenience, and communication. Let鈥檚 take a closer look.

The first P 鈥� product 鈥� now translates into customer value. This means you should recast your company, from an organization that produces goods to one that produces customer relationships. Products come and go, but loyal customers stick around. That鈥檚 how companies like Apple can have people queuing outside for products that haven鈥檛 released yet. Customers are loyal to Apple because the company offers tremendous customer value in the form of proven quality, great service, and a range of other perks.

The second P 鈥� price 鈥� is now cost. Why? Because from the point of view of the customer, price is not the only cost. There鈥檚 also the cost of effort and time that鈥檚 involved in acquiring, setting up, using, storing, and disposing of a product. It鈥檚 possible for a higher-priced product to remain competitive if you can find other ways to reduce customer cost by, say, providing free installation, training, or disposal.

Next, we have the third P 鈥� place 鈥� which should now be thought of as convenience. When you鈥檙e deciding on distribution methods, you should aim at making your product as easy as possible for the customer to purchase and acquire.

The final P 鈥� promotion 鈥� has become communication, which is about ensuring that the relevant information reaches the right consumers. On one hand, this means selecting channels of communication that are populated by your target market. On the other hand, it means the content of your promotional efforts should focus on how your product will fulfill your customers鈥� needs.

The benefit of the Four C鈥檚 marketing framework is that it helps you choose marketing tactics by thinking about them from the customer鈥檚 point of view.

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A marketing audit is an effective way to evaluate and improve your long-term marketing strategy.

Needless to say, marketing campaigns aren鈥檛 always as successful as we would like them to be. And the fault could lie at any stage of the process. Maybe the target market wasn鈥檛 researched well enough, and there鈥檚 less desire for your product than expected. Maybe the various marketing channels weren鈥檛 coordinated effectively, and consumers received a mixed message.

Or maybe you did everything right, but a mistake was made at some other point in the supply chain. It doesn鈥檛 matter how good your marketing campaign is if retailers still end up stocking your product on a hidden bottom shelf where it just gathers dust.

Whatever the cause of a disappointing campaign, it鈥檚 essential to figure out what went wrong in order to make corrections in the future. The most rigorous and effective way to do this is to perform a marketing audit.

To begin a marketing audit, start by making a list of all the marketing activities your firm engages in. For example, you could write 鈥渢argeting,鈥� 鈥減ricing,鈥� 鈥減roduct management,鈥� and so on. Some larger firms include as many as 21 categories in their marketing audits, but for most companies, it should be sufficient to choose about 6鈥�8 of the most important ones.

Now your aim is to rank each activity on a scale of 0鈥�100. Ideally, you鈥檒l make this determination by looking at hard data in the form of management plans, research results, and customer feedback. For instance, if you鈥檙e trying to evaluate how well your company understands customer needs and all you can procure is a customer survey from five years ago, then clearly the category of 鈥渦nderstanding customer needs鈥� will receive a low score.

Once you鈥檝e scored each marketing activity, the next step is to rank the importance of each activity as either low, medium, or high.

With this done, it should become instantly visible which marketing activities are strong 鈥� and which need immediate attention. For example, if 鈥渘ew product development鈥� is deemed to be an activity of high importance but received a low score, then you鈥檒l know you need to prioritize research and development in the next quarter.

A marketing audit is a reliable way to keep long-term marketing efforts improving.
Profile Image for TarasProkopyuk.
686 reviews106 followers
May 10, 2015
袨写薪邪 懈蟹 褉邪蟹褉褟写邪 泻谢邪褋褋懈褔械褋泻懈褏 泻薪懈谐 锌芯 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐褍. 袗胁褌芯褉 胁 写芯褋褌邪褌芯褔薪芯 锌芯薪褟褌薪芯泄 褎芯褉屑械 褉邪褋泻褉褘胁邪械褌 锌芯薪褟褌懈械 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪 懈 褉邪褋泻褉褘胁邪械褌 械谐芯 胁邪卸薪芯褋褌褜. 袣褉芯屑械 褝褌芯谐芯 褟 褋褔懈褌邪褞 褝褌褍 泻薪懈谐褍 褏芯褉芯褕懈屑 褉褍泻芯胁芯写褋褌胁芯屑 胁 屑懈褉 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪.
袪械泻芯屑械薪写褍褞 械褢 写谢褟 屑邪褉泻械褌芯谢芯谐芯胁 懈 锌褉械写锌褉懈薪懈屑邪褌械谢械泄.
Profile Image for 賮丕胤赛賲丞.
146 reviews
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September 2, 2019
賲丕 兀氐丿賯 賰賱 賴丕賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 .. 丕賱賲賴賲 胤亘毓丕賸 賲丕賰賳鬲 賰賱 賷賵賲 兀賯乇丕 賮賷賴貙 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賲丕 賯賱鬲 賯亘賱丕賸 賯丿賷賲 噩丿丕賸 噩丿丕賸 賱賰賳 賮賷賴 賲賳 丕賱賮丕賷丿丞 丕賱賰孬賷乇 丕賱賷 賲丕夭賱賳丕 賳爻鬲毓賲賱 亘毓囟 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳!
賱賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 胤丕賱毓賵賴.
Profile Image for Shirin Abdel Rahman.
772 reviews51 followers
December 13, 2018
賰鬲丕亘 丕賰丕丿賷賲賶 賷卮乇丨 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 兀爻爻 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丕丨鬲乇丕賮賶 賲丿毓賲丕 亘丕賲孬賱丞 賱卮乇丨 丕賱賲賳胤賯 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲.
丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱鬲賶 賯丿 賷賵丕噩賴丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賴賶 丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱睾賷乇 爻賱爻 丕賱匕賶 賷睾賱亘 毓賱賷賴 丕賱胤丕亘毓 丕賱丿乇丕爻賶.
賰鬲丕亘 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賱賰賱 賲賳 賷乇賷丿 丕賳 賷鬲毓乇賮 毓賳 毓賱賲 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵 賮賱爻賮丞 丕賱毓賱賵賲 丕賱廿丿丕乇賷丞 賲賳 兀丨丿 乇賵丕丿賴.
Profile Image for Giselle Odessa.
293 reviews
December 20, 2019
賰賵鬲賱乇 賴賵 亘乇賵賮賷爻賵乇 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丿賵賱賷貙 賷毓丿 賲賳 兀賴賲 丕賱賲丐賱賮賷賳 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯.
賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賰賷賮賷丞 鬲胤賵賷乇賴 賵賰爻亘 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 丕賱賲乇睾賵亘賷賳 賵胤乇賯 丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賷賴賲貙 賰賲丕 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丕鬲 賵丕爻丕賱賷亘 鬲爻丕毓丿 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賵賯 賮賷 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 亘賲禺鬲賱賮 兀卮賰丕賱賴.
3 reviews
September 29, 2008
I really like Kotler. He takes a practical vs. theoretical approach to marketing.
Profile Image for Assem Adel.
65 reviews2 followers
September 14, 2012
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賵睾賳賷 賱丕 睾賳賶 毓賳賴 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯!! 賵賲丐賱賮賴 賷毓丿 賲賳 乇賵丕丿 賮賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲
5 reviews
Read
December 10, 2019
Though the book was set in early 2000s, most of the book topics are still relevant.
Profile Image for Bich Ngoc.
63 reviews3 followers
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December 22, 2019
feel like a textbook and require too much theoretical learning. So I dropped.
Profile Image for 賳賵乇賴 丨爻賳.
115 reviews13 followers
September 13, 2021
賲賳 兀賰孬乇 丕賱賰購鬲亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 賲丐禺乇賸丕 賯賷賲丞 賵賮丕卅丿丞 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯鉁煋�
賴賵 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丿賱賷賱 賱賲賳 賷乇賷丿 兀賳 賷賳睾乇爻 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 丨賷孬 兀賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賳 廿賷噩丕丿 賵鬲胤賵賷乇 賵鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱乇亘賷丨丞 賲賳 丕賱爻賵賯.

廿賳 兀賴賲 廿爻賴丕賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賴賷 賲爻丕毓丿丞 丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱爻賵賯 賵丕賱毓賲賷賱 亘丿賱賸丕 賲賳 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳鬲噩 賵亘賷毓賴.

鬲鬲睾賷乇 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱爻賵賯 賰賱 亘囟毓 爻賳賵丕鬲貙 賱匕丕 賯丿 鬲氐亘丨 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 丕賱兀賲爻 丕賱乇丕亘丨丞 賴賷 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 丕賱賷賵賲 丕賱禺丕爻乇丞.

賷乇賶 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賰賵鬲賱乇 兀賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賱賲 賷毓丿 鬲爻賵賷賯 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲 賵禺丿賲丕鬲貙 亘賱 賷賲賰賳 鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱鬲噩丕乇亘貙 賵賷乇賶 兀賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱禺丕胤卅丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 兀賳賴 賲噩乇丿 亘賷毓 兀賵 廿丿丕乇丞.

賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賷 胤乇賯 賲亘鬲賰乇丞 賵賮毓丕賱丞 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 丨賷孬 賵囟丨 賰賵鬲賱乇 兀賳 賲賴丕賲 丕賱賲爻賵賯 兀賳 賷丨丿丿 賵賷賯賷賲 賮乇氐 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 孬賲 賵囟丨 賲毓丕丿賱丕鬲 賳噩丕丨 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 賵賰賷賮賷丞 鬲卮賰賷賱 廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 鬲爻賵賷賯賷丞 乇丕亘丨丞貙 賵賵囟丨 賵馗丕卅賮 廿丿丕乇丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賰賷賮賷丞 賵囟毓 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賮賷 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 賵丨鬲賶 賷賰賵賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 噩賷丿 賷賱夭賲 兀賳 賷鬲囟賲賳 亘丨賵孬 毓賱賲賷丞.

丨賷孬 卮乇锟斤拷 賰賷賮賷丞 鬲丨丿賷丿 賮乇氐 丕賱爻賵賯 賵鬲胤賵賷乇 賲毓乇賵囟丕鬲 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱賲爻鬲賴丿賮丞貙 賵丨賷孬 丕賳鬲賯賱 賱鬲賵囟賷丨 賰賷賮賷丞 廿賳卮丕亍 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 賳丕噩丨丞貙 賵賵囟丨 胤乇賯 噩賲毓 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵鬲氐賲賷賲 賲夭賷噩 鬲爻賵賷賯賷 賳丕噩丨貙 賵賰賷賮賷丞 鬲賯賵賷賲 賵賲乇丕賯亘丞 兀丿丕亍 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕馗 亘丕賱毓賲賷賱.
賵卮乇丨 賰賵鬲賱乇 孬賱丕孬丞 賲賳 兀賴賲 胤乇賯 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賴賲丕: 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱鬲賰鬲賷賰賷
丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱廿丿丕乇賷
丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱鬲丨賵賷賱賷

賰賱 賴匕丕 噩丕亍 亘卮賰賱 賲賳爻賯 賵賲亘爻胤 賲毓 兀賲孬賱丞 鬲賵囟賷丨賷丞 賱卮乇賰丕鬲 賲毓乇賵賮丞 丕賱賷賵賲 丨賷孬 賷賳賴賷 賰賵鬲賱乇 賰賱 噩夭亍 亘賮賯乇丞 兀爻卅賱丞 鬲賮賰賷乇 賱賱賯丕乇卅.

賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 亘丕賱鬲兀賰賷丿鉁�
Profile Image for Abeer Ezat.
37 reviews3 followers
March 11, 2021
噩丕亍 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賲孬丕亘丞 丿賱賷賱 賱賲賳 賷乇賷丿 兀賳 賷賳睾乇爻 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙丨賷孬 兀賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賮賳 廿賷噩丕丿 賵鬲胤賵賷乇 賵鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱乇亘賷丨丞 賲賳 丕賱爻賵賯.
賷乇賷 賰賵鬲賱乇 兀賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賱賲 賷毓丿 鬲爻賵賷賯 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲 賵禺丿賲丕鬲 貙亘賱 賷賲賰賳 鬲爻賵賷賯 廿賳爻丕賳 賱賳丕爻 兀賵 兀賮賰丕乇 兀賵 鬲噩丕乇亘 貙賵賷乇賷 兀賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱禺丕胤卅丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 兀賳賴 賲噩乇丿 亘賷毓 兀賵 廿丿丕乇丞.
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲賵賷 毓賱賷 胤乇賯 賲亘鬲賰乇丞 賵賮毓丕賱丞 賮賷 賲噩丕賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 貙丨賷孬 賵囟丨 賰賵鬲賱乇 兀賳 賲賴丕賲 丕賱賲爻賵賯 兀賳 賷丨丿丿 賵賷賯賷賲 賮乇氐 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 貙孬賲 賵囟丨 賲毓丕丿賱丕鬲 賳噩丕丨 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 貙賵賰賷賮賷丞 鬲卮賰賷賱 廿爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丞 鬲爻賵賷賯賷丞 乇丕亘丨丞 貙賵賵囟丨 賵馗丕卅賮 廿丿丕乇丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賰賷賮賷丞 賵囟毓 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 賮賷 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 貙賵丨鬲賷 賷賰賵賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 噩賷丿 賷賱夭賲 兀賳 賷鬲囟賲賳 亘丨賵孬 毓賱賲賷丞.
丨賷孬 卮乇丨 賰賷賮賷丞 鬲丨丿賷丿 賮乇氐 丕賱爻賵賯 賵鬲胤賵賷乇 賲毓乇賵囟丕鬲 丕賱賯賷賲丞 丕賱賲爻鬲賴丿賮丞 貙賵丨賷孬 丕賳鬲賯賱 賱鬲賵囟賷丨 賰賷賮賷丞 廿賳卮丕亍 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 賳丕噩丨丞 貙賵賵囟丨 胤乇賯 噩賲毓 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵鬲氐賲賷賲 賲夭賷噩 鬲爻賵賷賯賷 賳丕噩丨 貙 賵賰賷賮賷丞 鬲賯賵賷賲 賵賲乇丕賯亘丞 兀丿丕亍 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 貙賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賮丕馗 亘丕賱毓賲賷賱.
賵卮乇丨 賰賵鬲賱乇 孬賱丕孬丞 賲賳 兀賴賲 胤乇賯 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵賴賲丕: 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱鬲賰鬲賷賰賷 賵丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱廿丿丕乇賷 賵丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱鬲丨賵賷賱賷.
賮賰賱 賴匕丕 噩丕亍 亘卮賰賱 賲賳爻賯 賵賲亘爻胤 賲毓 兀賲孬丕賱 賱鬲賵囟賷丨 賱卮乇賰丕鬲 賲毓乇賵賮丞 丕賱賷賵賲 丨賷孬 賷賳賴賷 賰賵鬲賱乇 賰賱 噩夭亍 亘賮賯乇丞 兀爻卅賱丞 賱鬲賮賰賷乇.
Profile Image for Abdulghani Alkhateeb.
30 reviews
January 22, 2021
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賱賱卮乇賰丕鬲
賷亘丿兀 亘毓賲賱 鬲爻賵賷賯 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱亘賷毓 賵禺丿賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲賲賷夭 亘丕賱亘賷毓
禺丿賲丕鬲 鬲賯丿賲 賱賱毓賲賷賱 賱乇賮毓 賯賷賲丞 丕賱爻賱毓丞 賵丕賱賲賳鬲噩 丕賱賲賯丿賲
毓賳丕賷丞 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賵鬲賯丿賷賲 丨賱賵賱 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賵睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇丞 賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱卮乇賰丞

丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賱賷爻 賮賯胤 廿毓賱丕賳 賱賲賳鬲噩 賮賯丿 賷賰賵賳 毓賱賶 卮賰賱 禺丿賲丞 賲鬲賲賷夭丞
禺丿賲丞 廿囟丕賮賷丞
丕爻鬲卮丕乇丞 賲噩丕賳賷丞
丕賱馗賴賵乇 亘卮賰賱 丕賱禺亘賷乇 賮賷 賲噩丕賱賴
丕賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賶 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 丕賱丨丕賱賷賷丞
丕爻鬲丿乇丕噩 毓賲賱丕亍 賲丨鬲賲賱賷賳 毓亘乇 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱卮賮賴賷 兀賵 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱毓乇賵囟 賲賯丕亘賱 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯
廿丿丕乇丞 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱丨丕賱賷 賵丕賱鬲禺胤賷胤 賱賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱賲爻鬲賯亘賱賷
賲爻丕毓丿丞 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 亘鬲禺賮賷囟 鬲賰丕賱賷賮賴賲 毓亘乇 鬲賯賱賷賱 丕賱禺丿賲丕鬲 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞

賲爻丕毓丿丞 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 亘丕禺鬲賷丕乇 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲 賲禺氐氐丞 毓亘乇 鬲夭賵賷丿賴賲 亘丕爻鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 丿賯賷賯丞

丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳賴噩賷 賱賱卮乇賰丕鬲 貙 賱丕 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 丕賱乇賯賲賷
兀賵 丌賱賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮 賵禺胤胤 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯
賱丕 賷賲賱賰 禺胤胤 賮毓賱賷丞 兀賵 禺胤賵丕鬲 賱賱鬲胤亘賷賯 賵廿賳賲丕 卮乇丨 兀賰孬乇 毓賳 賲毓賳賶 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯 賵丌賱賷丞 廿丿丕乇鬲賴
Profile Image for Ahmed Haamed.
781 reviews6 followers
April 15, 2023
丕匕丕 賰賳鬲 賲賳 賴賵丕丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賮賷 丕賱廿賯鬲氐丕丿 賮毓賱賷賰 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵丕匕丕 賰賳鬲 鬲乇賷丿 兀賳 鬲賮鬲鬲丨 毓賲賱丕 鬲噩丕乇賷丕 禺丕氐丕 亘賰 賮毓賱賷賰 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘. 亘賷賳 胤賷丕鬲 匕賱賰 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賳氐丕卅丨 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 賯氐氐 賳噩丕丨 丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 毓賲賱丕亍 賵賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賶 賴丐賱丕亍 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 亘賱 賵噩毓賱 賴丐賱丕亍 丕賱毓賲賱丕亍 賲賳鬲賲賷賳 賱賱毓賱丕賲丞 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷鬲毓丕賲賱賵賳 賲毓賴丕 賵賷賮囟賱賵賳賴丕 毓賳 睾賷乇賴丕 丨鬲賶 賵賱賵 睾賱丕 孬賲賳賴丕 毓賳 賲孬賷賱丕鬲賴丕.
兀賲丕 丕賱賲鬲乇噩賲 賮賱賴 噩夭賷賱 丕賱卮賰乇 毓賱賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 丕賱賵丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱賰丕賮賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀賵氐賱鬲 賲賯丕氐丿 賲丐賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賱賶 兀賰賲賱 賵噩賴.
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