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Mumu
Mumu (Russian: 芦袦褍屑褍禄) is a short story by Ivan Turgenev, a Russian novelist and story writer, written in 1854.
The story of Gerasim, a deaf and mute serf whose life of poverty is brought into sharp relief by his connection with Mumu, a dog he rescued, brought greater national attention to the cruelties of serfdom, and received praise for its brutal portrayal of this institution in Russian society.
The story of Gerasim, a deaf and mute serf whose life of poverty is brought into sharp relief by his connection with Mumu, a dog he rescued, brought greater national attention to the cruelties of serfdom, and received praise for its brutal portrayal of this institution in Russian society.
60 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1852
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3,359 people want to read
About the author
Ivan Turgenev
1,741听books2,616听followersIvan Sergeyevich Turgenev (Cyrillic: 袠胁邪薪 小械褉谐械械胁懈褔 孝褍褉谐械薪械胁) was a novelist, poet, and dramatist, and now ranks as one of the towering figures of Russian literature. His major works include the short-story collection A Sportsman鈥檚 Sketches (1852) and the novels Rudin (1856), Home of the Gentry (1859), On the Eve (1860), and Fathers and Sons (1862).
These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating studies of the Russian intelligentsia who were attempting to move the country into a new age. His masterpiece, Fathers and Sons, is considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century.
Turgenev was a contemporary with Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy. While these wrote about church and religion, Turgenev was more concerned with the movement toward social reform in Russia.
These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating studies of the Russian intelligentsia who were attempting to move the country into a new age. His masterpiece, Fathers and Sons, is considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century.
Turgenev was a contemporary with Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy. While these wrote about church and religion, Turgenev was more concerned with the movement toward social reform in Russia.
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May 17, 2018
(I'm afraid that this review contains some spoilers. Given the brevity of the story in question, they were hard to avoid.)
I'm aware of the historical context of the novel. I'm aware that the protagonist Gerasim is a metaphor for a Russian serf unable to stand up for himself. I'm aware that Mumu was written as a warning against the cruelty of the life conditions of serfs in Tsarist Russian. I know all that, but I would still argue that the subject of this story is, in its essence, eternal. This story does belong to a certain historical period, but like all great classical works of literature, Mumu stands the test of time. The subject of this story, a man caught up in a net of duty and social restrictions is something we can all relate to. Another thing that is always relevant is the theme of isolation and this story captures it perfectly. The landlady of the house is, despite the fact that she controls the fates of other human beings, or perhaps because of it, profoundly unhappy and isolated. This Madam who quite literally 鈥榦wns鈥� Gerasim has grown cold and distant, proving true to the proverb 鈥榓bsolute power corrupts absolutely鈥�. Madam in this story is selfish and stubborn, and while she may command others, ultimately it brings her no satisfaction. This old lady is absolutely lonely, and unable to establish a relationship or connection of any kind. In contrast, despite the fact that he is only a serf, and a deaf mute one, Gerasim has the capacity to establish relationships with others. Obviously, Gerasim struggles to express himself and form relationships because of his disability, but he clearly has the capacity to love. Madam prevents him from forming a relationship out of a caprice. When a girl Gerasim cares for is taken away from him, Gerasim establishes a touching friendship with a dog Mumu. Unfortunately, Mumu doesn鈥檛 like the old lady, who in turn gets offended by dog鈥檚 rejection. Paradoxically, both the villain and the victim in this story are profoundly isolated. Madam and Gerasim are both caught up in the cruelty of the system they do not know how to question. Mumu is a sad and tragic tale, there is no doubt about that.
In essence, Mumu tells a tragic tale of a serf. Gerasim is not isolated only by his disability, but also by his social position. Gerasim is a serf brought from the country to the city, a position he grows accustomed to, but that is symbolic of his lack of power to choose not only his job, but his dwelling as well. This dislocations also strengthens Gerasim's isolation. The fact that Gerasim was a deaf mute only makes him more of a powerful symbol. Gerasim represents a typical serf, one unable to speak or argue for himself. How easy we forget about this dark side of European history. We learn about it, but we never really stop to think what it all meant. I know of at least a dozen of serf and peasant rebellions in Croatia, starting from the Middle Ages and lasting until the eighteen century. Like in other European countries, these rebellions were smothered in blood. We learn about it in school, we may even remember the violent descriptions or horrible details (like for example the cruel manner in which the serfs were executed), but we never stop to wonder why. People today often don鈥檛 realize how much the European institution of serfdom was akin to slavery. Centuries went by, and this institution became something ingrained into the human mind. Perhaps it is still ingredient in our mind, somewhere deep down. That would sure explain many things. The stark differences between different layers of society must look abnormal to our eyes today, but in those times these were 鈥榯he truth we hold to be self-evident鈥�. Some things never change and the vast majority of people do live in difficult conditions. Are the times we live in truly that different? I mean, do I own or own the house I live in? I鈥檓 assuming that you my reader, probably owe rather than own the house you live in (or you did at some stage of your life). You are not free to go wherever you want, whenever you want. We are forever in depth, we always owe money to the banks, to the state, etc. Like the serfs, once we pay our taxes, our mortgage and buy our groceries, there really isn鈥檛 that much left. You can preach 鈥榬ights鈥� until you pass out, but the only right we really have is the right to die. Sometimes not even that. 99 percent of us will have to work for everything we have. As recent history demonstrates, our Western societies are quite economically unstable. We haven't come up with a good or a just system. The World Bank and IMF are not called tools of a colonial system for no reason.
There is no point in wondering why the protagonist didn鈥檛 refuse to perform the act will break his heart. He couldn鈥檛 have refused the order. He wouldn't have know how. In addition, where could he go? You don鈥檛 image he just wondered of and found another job? That鈥檚 not how things worked out back then. A serf was a person who owned nothing and was considered a property. Moreover, it is not how things work out today. I can easily imagine a modern day Gerasim. He belongs to the lower working class, he has no education and no control over his life, and his land lady demands he gets rid of the dog? What will he do? Maybe if there is a dog shelter nearby, there might be some hope for the dog, but how would he explain what he wants being that he is a deaf mute? How free are we today? How often do we must give up someone or something we love to keep our jobs? How many people are worse off than serfs? 40 million slaves is the official contemporary estimate if I鈥檓 not mistaken. Our Western economy is still deeply unstable. Even people who have tons of degrees, speak half a dozen languages often struggle to keep and hold a job. Do you have a feeling that you have to work long hours just to keep the food on the table? Probably you do. How much do you really own, your degrees and work accomplishment aside? Sometimes all it takes for a family to become homeless and lose their home is for one member to get seriously ill. Millions of people live with chronic and incurable illnesses. Life is hard, it just is. This story is only too relevant, I鈥檓 afraid. I鈥檓 convinced there are many Gerasims among us today.
To conclude, Mumu is a tragic but profound tale. It digs deep into the loneliness of the human condition. From the technical point of view, this story is perfect. Turgenev mixes humour with sadness with an impressive ease. It is a skill typically found in a great Russian writer, but one never really get tired of it. The narrative flows with ease, and the characters are masterfully portrayed. The tragic fate of Mumu, a simple and tragic animal, is incredibly touching. From start to finish, this story is absolutely fantastic. It is an impressive piece of writing in every way I can think of. The only fault I can think of in connection with it being that it is quite depressive. I'm not sure can we really consider it a flaw, as the 'depressive' feel of this story is the logical consequence of the seriousness of its theme. Nevertheless, there is no denying one is left with a bitter taste in one's mouth. Don't read it you are overly sensitive or feel like you need something to lift you up. This story will definitely not brighten your mood, but it will probably make you think.
I'm aware of the historical context of the novel. I'm aware that the protagonist Gerasim is a metaphor for a Russian serf unable to stand up for himself. I'm aware that Mumu was written as a warning against the cruelty of the life conditions of serfs in Tsarist Russian. I know all that, but I would still argue that the subject of this story is, in its essence, eternal. This story does belong to a certain historical period, but like all great classical works of literature, Mumu stands the test of time. The subject of this story, a man caught up in a net of duty and social restrictions is something we can all relate to. Another thing that is always relevant is the theme of isolation and this story captures it perfectly. The landlady of the house is, despite the fact that she controls the fates of other human beings, or perhaps because of it, profoundly unhappy and isolated. This Madam who quite literally 鈥榦wns鈥� Gerasim has grown cold and distant, proving true to the proverb 鈥榓bsolute power corrupts absolutely鈥�. Madam in this story is selfish and stubborn, and while she may command others, ultimately it brings her no satisfaction. This old lady is absolutely lonely, and unable to establish a relationship or connection of any kind. In contrast, despite the fact that he is only a serf, and a deaf mute one, Gerasim has the capacity to establish relationships with others. Obviously, Gerasim struggles to express himself and form relationships because of his disability, but he clearly has the capacity to love. Madam prevents him from forming a relationship out of a caprice. When a girl Gerasim cares for is taken away from him, Gerasim establishes a touching friendship with a dog Mumu. Unfortunately, Mumu doesn鈥檛 like the old lady, who in turn gets offended by dog鈥檚 rejection. Paradoxically, both the villain and the victim in this story are profoundly isolated. Madam and Gerasim are both caught up in the cruelty of the system they do not know how to question. Mumu is a sad and tragic tale, there is no doubt about that.
In essence, Mumu tells a tragic tale of a serf. Gerasim is not isolated only by his disability, but also by his social position. Gerasim is a serf brought from the country to the city, a position he grows accustomed to, but that is symbolic of his lack of power to choose not only his job, but his dwelling as well. This dislocations also strengthens Gerasim's isolation. The fact that Gerasim was a deaf mute only makes him more of a powerful symbol. Gerasim represents a typical serf, one unable to speak or argue for himself. How easy we forget about this dark side of European history. We learn about it, but we never really stop to think what it all meant. I know of at least a dozen of serf and peasant rebellions in Croatia, starting from the Middle Ages and lasting until the eighteen century. Like in other European countries, these rebellions were smothered in blood. We learn about it in school, we may even remember the violent descriptions or horrible details (like for example the cruel manner in which the serfs were executed), but we never stop to wonder why. People today often don鈥檛 realize how much the European institution of serfdom was akin to slavery. Centuries went by, and this institution became something ingrained into the human mind. Perhaps it is still ingredient in our mind, somewhere deep down. That would sure explain many things. The stark differences between different layers of society must look abnormal to our eyes today, but in those times these were 鈥榯he truth we hold to be self-evident鈥�. Some things never change and the vast majority of people do live in difficult conditions. Are the times we live in truly that different? I mean, do I own or own the house I live in? I鈥檓 assuming that you my reader, probably owe rather than own the house you live in (or you did at some stage of your life). You are not free to go wherever you want, whenever you want. We are forever in depth, we always owe money to the banks, to the state, etc. Like the serfs, once we pay our taxes, our mortgage and buy our groceries, there really isn鈥檛 that much left. You can preach 鈥榬ights鈥� until you pass out, but the only right we really have is the right to die. Sometimes not even that. 99 percent of us will have to work for everything we have. As recent history demonstrates, our Western societies are quite economically unstable. We haven't come up with a good or a just system. The World Bank and IMF are not called tools of a colonial system for no reason.
There is no point in wondering why the protagonist didn鈥檛 refuse to perform the act will break his heart. He couldn鈥檛 have refused the order. He wouldn't have know how. In addition, where could he go? You don鈥檛 image he just wondered of and found another job? That鈥檚 not how things worked out back then. A serf was a person who owned nothing and was considered a property. Moreover, it is not how things work out today. I can easily imagine a modern day Gerasim. He belongs to the lower working class, he has no education and no control over his life, and his land lady demands he gets rid of the dog? What will he do? Maybe if there is a dog shelter nearby, there might be some hope for the dog, but how would he explain what he wants being that he is a deaf mute? How free are we today? How often do we must give up someone or something we love to keep our jobs? How many people are worse off than serfs? 40 million slaves is the official contemporary estimate if I鈥檓 not mistaken. Our Western economy is still deeply unstable. Even people who have tons of degrees, speak half a dozen languages often struggle to keep and hold a job. Do you have a feeling that you have to work long hours just to keep the food on the table? Probably you do. How much do you really own, your degrees and work accomplishment aside? Sometimes all it takes for a family to become homeless and lose their home is for one member to get seriously ill. Millions of people live with chronic and incurable illnesses. Life is hard, it just is. This story is only too relevant, I鈥檓 afraid. I鈥檓 convinced there are many Gerasims among us today.
To conclude, Mumu is a tragic but profound tale. It digs deep into the loneliness of the human condition. From the technical point of view, this story is perfect. Turgenev mixes humour with sadness with an impressive ease. It is a skill typically found in a great Russian writer, but one never really get tired of it. The narrative flows with ease, and the characters are masterfully portrayed. The tragic fate of Mumu, a simple and tragic animal, is incredibly touching. From start to finish, this story is absolutely fantastic. It is an impressive piece of writing in every way I can think of. The only fault I can think of in connection with it being that it is quite depressive. I'm not sure can we really consider it a flaw, as the 'depressive' feel of this story is the logical consequence of the seriousness of its theme. Nevertheless, there is no denying one is left with a bitter taste in one's mouth. Don't read it you are overly sensitive or feel like you need something to lift you up. This story will definitely not brighten your mood, but it will probably make you think.
March 9, 2020
螖喂伪蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈 渭蔚纬伪位蔚委慰 蟿畏蟼 蟻蠅蟽喂魏萎蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼.
螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 渭喂伪 纬位蠀魏喂维 魏伪喂 蠈渭慰蟻蠁畏 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏.
螆谓伪 蠀蟺蔚蟻蟿苇位蔚喂慰 蟺位维蟽渭伪 蟺慰蠀 尉苇蟻蔚喂 渭蠈谓慰
谓伪 伪纬伪蟺维 魏伪喂 谓伪 伪蠁慰蟽喂蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂, 谓伪 蠀蟺伪魏慰蠉蔚喂,
谓伪 位伪蟿蟻蔚蠉蔚喂, 谓伪 蟺蔚蟻喂渭苇谓蔚喂, 谓伪 渭蠀蟻委味蔚喂 蔚蠀蟿蠀蠂委伪
魏伪喂 蠂维未喂伪 魏伪喂 谓伪 纬蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻蠈蟿畏蟿伪 渭伪味委 渭蔚 蟺伪蟻伪未慰渭苇谓畏 蟺委蟽蟿畏.
螌蟺慰喂慰蟼 尾蠀胃委蟽蟿畏魏蔚 蟽蟿伪 渭维蟿喂伪 蟿畏蟼
伪喂蟽胃维谓胃畏魏蔚 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 谓伪 位伪蟿蟻蔚蠉慰蠀谓 慰喂 尾伪胃喂苇蟼 蠄蠀蠂苇蟼, 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蔚蟻喂苇蠂慰蠀谓 伪蟿慰渭喂魏苇蟼 尾蠈渭尾蔚蟼 伪喂蟽胃畏渭维蟿蠅谓, 蟺蠀蟻畏谓喂魏维 蠈蟺位伪 蟺慰蠀 蔚魏蟻萎纬谓蠀谓蟿伪喂
蠈蟿伪谓 畏 魏伪蟻未喂维 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀 蠂蟿蠀蟺维蔚喂
渭蔚 蠀蟺慰蟿苇位蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蔚蠀魏慰位委伪 渭蟺蟻慰蟽蟿维
蟽蟿畏谓 魏喂谓畏蟿萎蟻喂伪 蔚蟺喂蟻蟻慰萎 伪蠀蟿慰未喂维胃蔚蟽畏蟼
魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 蟿慰 蠂蟻萎渭伪
蠅蟼 未蠉谓伪渭畏 魏伪蟿慰蠂萎蟼 蔚蟺喂位苇纬蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉苇位喂尉畏
蟽蟿畏谓 蟽蠀谓蔚喂未畏蟽喂伪魏萎 蟻慰萎 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼.
螜未伪谓喂魏维 魏伪喂 畏胃喂魏萎 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 魏伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 渭苇蟽慰 纬喂伪 谓伪 纬蔚渭委蟽蔚喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿畏谓 渭蔚纬维位畏 蟿蟻蠉蟺伪 蟺慰蠀 位苇纬蔚蟿伪喂 蠄蠀蠂萎.
螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 渭苇蟻慰蟼
蟿畏蟼 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 魏位畏蟻慰谓慰渭喂维蟼.
螘位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰喂 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁蔚委蟼 渭蠀胃慰蟺位伪蟽委伪蟼
胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪谓 谓伪 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬萎蟽慰蠀谓 伪蟺位维 , 位喂蟿维,
伪蟺苇蟻喂蟿蟿伪, 维渭蔚蟽伪, 魏伪胃伪蟻维, 纬谓萎蟽喂伪 魏伪喂 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿维 蟿蟻喂蟽未喂维蟽蟿伪蟿伪 伪尉喂蠈蟺喂蟽蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓伪 蠈谓蟿伪 渭蔚 位苇尉蔚喂蟼.
螆谓伪谓 蠂蠅蟻慰蠂蟻蠈谓慰 蔚喂位喂魏蟻喂谓维 蠀蟺伪蟻魏蟿蠈 魏伪喂 味蠅谓蟿伪谓蠈
渭苇蟽蠅 蟿畏蟼
纬蟻伪蠁萎蟼/ 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼.
螕喂伪 谓伪 未喂伪尾维蟽蔚喂 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 蟿畏 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 味蔚喂,
谓伪 味蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 伪喂蟽胃维谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 维位位畏 未喂维蟽蟿伪蟽畏.
韦蠋蟻伪 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 魏位维蠄蠅 纬慰蔚蟻维 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 畏蟽蠀蠂委伪 渭慰蠀!....
螝伪位萎 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏.
螤慰位位慰蠉蟼 伪蟽蟺伪蟽渭慰蠉蟼.
螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 渭喂伪 纬位蠀魏喂维 魏伪喂 蠈渭慰蟻蠁畏 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏.
螆谓伪 蠀蟺蔚蟻蟿苇位蔚喂慰 蟺位维蟽渭伪 蟺慰蠀 尉苇蟻蔚喂 渭蠈谓慰
谓伪 伪纬伪蟺维 魏伪喂 谓伪 伪蠁慰蟽喂蠋谓蔚蟿伪喂, 谓伪 蠀蟺伪魏慰蠉蔚喂,
谓伪 位伪蟿蟻蔚蠉蔚喂, 谓伪 蟺蔚蟻喂渭苇谓蔚喂, 谓伪 渭蠀蟻委味蔚喂 蔚蠀蟿蠀蠂委伪
魏伪喂 蠂维未喂伪 魏伪喂 谓伪 纬蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻蠈蟿畏蟿伪 渭伪味委 渭蔚 蟺伪蟻伪未慰渭苇谓畏 蟺委蟽蟿畏.
螌蟺慰喂慰蟼 尾蠀胃委蟽蟿畏魏蔚 蟽蟿伪 渭维蟿喂伪 蟿畏蟼
伪喂蟽胃维谓胃畏魏蔚 蟺蠅蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 谓伪 位伪蟿蟻蔚蠉慰蠀谓 慰喂 尾伪胃喂苇蟼 蠄蠀蠂苇蟼, 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蔚蟻喂苇蠂慰蠀谓 伪蟿慰渭喂魏苇蟼 尾蠈渭尾蔚蟼 伪喂蟽胃畏渭维蟿蠅谓, 蟺蠀蟻畏谓喂魏维 蠈蟺位伪 蟺慰蠀 蔚魏蟻萎纬谓蠀谓蟿伪喂
蠈蟿伪谓 畏 魏伪蟻未喂维 蟿慰蠀 魏蠈蟽渭慰蠀 蠂蟿蠀蟺维蔚喂
渭蔚 蠀蟺慰蟿苇位蔚喂伪 魏伪喂 蔚蠀魏慰位委伪 渭蟺蟻慰蟽蟿维
蟽蟿畏谓 魏喂谓畏蟿萎蟻喂伪 蔚蟺喂蟻蟻慰萎 伪蠀蟿慰未喂维胃蔚蟽畏蟼
魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 蟿慰 蠂蟻萎渭伪
蠅蟼 未蠉谓伪渭畏 魏伪蟿慰蠂萎蟼 蔚蟺喂位苇纬蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚尉苇位喂尉畏
蟽蟿畏谓 蟽蠀谓蔚喂未畏蟽喂伪魏萎 蟻慰萎 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼.
螜未伪谓喂魏维 魏伪喂 畏胃喂魏萎 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 魏伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 渭苇蟽慰 纬喂伪 谓伪 纬蔚渭委蟽蔚喂 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿畏谓 渭蔚纬维位畏 蟿蟻蠉蟺伪 蟺慰蠀 位苇纬蔚蟿伪喂 蠄蠀蠂萎.
螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 渭苇蟻慰蟼
蟿畏蟼 蟺伪纬魏蠈蟽渭喂伪蟼 蟺慰位喂蟿喂蟽蟿喂魏萎蟼 魏位畏蟻慰谓慰渭喂维蟼.
螘位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰喂 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁蔚委蟼 渭蠀胃慰蟺位伪蟽委伪蟼
胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪谓 谓伪 未畏渭喂慰蠀蟻纬萎蟽慰蠀谓 伪蟺位维 , 位喂蟿维,
伪蟺苇蟻喂蟿蟿伪, 维渭蔚蟽伪, 魏伪胃伪蟻维, 纬谓萎蟽喂伪 魏伪喂 魏伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿维 蟿蟻喂蟽未喂维蟽蟿伪蟿伪 伪尉喂蠈蟺喂蟽蟿伪 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓伪 蠈谓蟿伪 渭蔚 位苇尉蔚喂蟼.
螆谓伪谓 蠂蠅蟻慰蠂蟻蠈谓慰 蔚喂位喂魏蟻喂谓维 蠀蟺伪蟻魏蟿蠈 魏伪喂 味蠅谓蟿伪谓蠈
渭苇蟽蠅 蟿畏蟼
纬蟻伪蠁萎蟼/ 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏蟼.
螕喂伪 谓伪 未喂伪尾维蟽蔚喂 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 蟿畏 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 味蔚喂,
谓伪 味蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 伪喂蟽胃维谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 渭喂伪 维位位畏 未喂维蟽蟿伪蟽畏.
韦蠋蟻伪 渭蟺慰蟻蠋 谓伪 魏位维蠄蠅 纬慰蔚蟻维 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 畏蟽蠀蠂委伪 渭慰蠀!....
螝伪位萎 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽畏.
螤慰位位慰蠉蟼 伪蟽蟺伪蟽渭慰蠉蟼.
December 14, 2017
螠委伪 谓慰蠀尾苇位伪, 渭蔚 未蠀谓伪蟿慰蠉蟼 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿萎蟻蔚蟼 魏伪喂 未蟻伪渭伪蟿喂魏蠈 蟿苇位慰蟼. 螚 蟿苇蠂谓畏 蟿慰蠀 谓伪 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂蟼 魏维蟿喂 蟽蟺慰蠀未伪委慰 渭苇蟽伪 蟽蔚 位委纬蔚蟼 渭蠈谓慰 蟽蔚位委未蔚蟼.
January 26, 2018
What trifles, if you think of it, will sometimes disturb any one! (16)
Dogs are our link to paradise. They don't know evil or jealousy or discontent. To sit with a dog on a hillside on a glorious afternoon is to be back in Eden, where doing nothing was not boring鈥昳t was peace.
鈥� Milan Kundera
Turgenev, another master of the unpredictable. He started this short story with the description of an old lady; a widow with joyless and gloomy days, and now with evenings blacker than night. The air was made of sadness and uncertainty. I always feel bad when old people are left alone in the world. Although she was surrounded by many servants, they were not their family, their blood. Even when the lady had the most remarkable servant, Gerasim, deaf and dumb from birth but extremely strong and with great sense of responsibility. He was used to hard work, to the village life, but, all of a sudden, he found himself in Moscow, in the old lady's house, working as a porter. And since 鈥渕an gets used to anything鈥�, Gerasim got used to living in town as well. And yet, that would be the first wound of his life.
The story goes on and Turgenev presents us a shoemaker that also worked at the widow's house. Kapiton Klimov, a sad drunkard led to the bottle by his own sorrow (sorrow has many ways to make a human being explode; you could prefer depressing music and a pint of ice cream, but to each his own) made the old lady a bit uneasy. She took pity on him and decided he should marry Tatiana, a laundress with a tragic past. That decision鈥攖hat apparently came from a kind-hearted old lady that wanted to regenerate a lost man鈥攈ad repercussions on several aspects. One of those consequences was the second wound of Gerasim. The third wound concerns a dog, Mumu, the inspiration for this short story's title. One of the few things you will regard as pure and honest and that, eventually, will break your literary heart.
I can't mention all the particulars because this is a very short story and I don't want to spoil everything, even if you can find the details in a million websites. They will not come from a review of mine!
So, let's just say that even though Turgenev amuses us with some fine irony while describing these Russian fellas...
鈥楬ere you鈥檝e been drunk again,鈥� Gavrila began, 鈥榙runk again, haven鈥檛 you? Eh? Come,answer me!鈥�
鈥極wing to the weakness of my health, I have exposed myself to spirituous beverages, certainly,鈥� replied Kapiton. (8)
...there is an oppressive atmosphere you cannot escape from.
...she watched him confidingly and without any fear, faintly wagging her tail. He turned away, frowned, and wrung his hands... (23)
An intense sorrow that I am sure will not lead you to a bottle (well, I hope), but will make you contemplate your own surroundings, your own actions and attitudes towards other people.
Nothing is what it seems. Not even an old lady.
Russian authors seemed to have found the exact amount of humor and tragedy that life can bear. They put everything on paper and created the most magnificent pieces of literature that make everything else so unnecessary. When I think about it, when I take time for myself and ponder about my own existence, happiness doesn't seem so far away. A book, coffee, light, a rainy day.
And loneliness, for a while, is nothing but a word.
Feb 26, 14
* Also on .
- Note: I read this story last year, from Aug, 2 to 9 but I'm reviewing the last couple of books I couldn't review before, so yes, I had to re-read it. My memory is not that good. And this was not a good time to re-read it, let me assure you. For numerous reasons that are not relevant to you, person that's reading this, I'm not living with my beloved cat anymore. A relative is taking care of him and I visit him every week. There are not many words to describe what the separation meant to me. You also can't imagine the impact that reading this short story had on me, now. There is a time for everything, I always say. Last year, this story was a somewhat funny and moving read. Today... today is a story that left my soul grieving.
September 16, 2024
What a devastating short story it was, written by another brilliant Russian novelist.
A short story with a deep meaning. An excellent portrayal of society and human relationships.. It contains so many intense contrasts and themes. Loving and not being loved back. Loving and being feared. Isolation. Servitude and lack of free will. It also has to do with fate. Turgenev put all these things together and wrote Mumu. And he did it perfectly.
Some of the characters were based on real people for example the old lady was based on Turgenev's mother who was a very cold, distant and strict woman.
Gerasim is the perfect example of a poor folk/ Russian peasant. He was deaf and mute and isolated. He wanted to give and receive love (unfortunately most of the characters feared him) and he found what he was looking for in Mumu , the little dog he saved. Without saying a single word to the animal, except for Mumu (come to think about it it's heart breaking and sweet since it was the only thing he could say given the fact that he was mute) he managed to built such a strong relationship with the dog, a relationship that he couldn't find in humans. So once he got what he longed for people wanted to take that away from him.. I could go deeper and talk about the river scene and how that destroyed him, but I don't wish to spoil anything.
And the ending..Oh well, I did cry a little.
Dogs! Dogs accept you just the way you are. Blind, deaf, mute, ugly, pretty. They are the ones that show you devotion and unconditional love. Years have passed since Turgenev wrote this story and yet things haven't changed on how people treat people with special needs or dogs/animals...
Mumu is a freaking work of art.
A short story with a deep meaning. An excellent portrayal of society and human relationships.. It contains so many intense contrasts and themes. Loving and not being loved back. Loving and being feared. Isolation. Servitude and lack of free will. It also has to do with fate. Turgenev put all these things together and wrote Mumu. And he did it perfectly.
Some of the characters were based on real people for example the old lady was based on Turgenev's mother who was a very cold, distant and strict woman.
Gerasim is the perfect example of a poor folk/ Russian peasant. He was deaf and mute and isolated. He wanted to give and receive love (unfortunately most of the characters feared him) and he found what he was looking for in Mumu , the little dog he saved. Without saying a single word to the animal, except for Mumu (come to think about it it's heart breaking and sweet since it was the only thing he could say given the fact that he was mute) he managed to built such a strong relationship with the dog, a relationship that he couldn't find in humans. So once he got what he longed for people wanted to take that away from him.. I could go deeper and talk about the river scene and how that destroyed him, but I don't wish to spoil anything.
And the ending..Oh well, I did cry a little.
Dogs! Dogs accept you just the way you are. Blind, deaf, mute, ugly, pretty. They are the ones that show you devotion and unconditional love. Years have passed since Turgenev wrote this story and yet things haven't changed on how people treat people with special needs or dogs/animals...
Mumu is a freaking work of art.
April 2, 2022
38th book of 2022
Turgenev strikes at the heart of his readers in this exquisite short story. Brutal, heartbreaking, and subtle, this story will not soon leave me.
Turgenev strikes at the heart of his readers in this exquisite short story. Brutal, heartbreaking, and subtle, this story will not soon leave me.
October 31, 2022
螆谓伪蟼 伪胃蠋慰蟼 纬委纬伪谓蟿伪蟼 慰谓蠈渭伪蟿喂 螕魏蔚蟻伪蟽委渭, 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 伪魏慰蠉蔚喂 魏伪喂 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 渭喂位维蔚喂, 蟺伪蟻伪未委未蔚喂 渭伪胃萎渭伪蟿伪 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 蠀蟺慰未蔚喂纬渭伪蟿喂魏萎 蟿慰蠀 未喂伪魏蟻喂蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 蟿慰 纬位蠀魏蠈 蟿慰蠀 蟺谓蔚蠀渭伪蟿喂魏蠈 伪谓维蟽蟿畏渭伪.
螠喂伪 谓慰蠀尾苇位伪 蟺维谓味蔚蟽蟿畏 蟽伪谓 蠁慰蠀蟻谓喂蟽蟿蠈 蟿蟽慰蠀蟻苇魏喂 蟿伪 围蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠉纬蔚谓谓伪 魏伪喂 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻萎 蟽伪谓 渭喂伪 蟽魏蠀位委蟽喂伪 纬位蔚喂蠄喂维 蔚蠀纬谓蠅渭慰蟽蠉谓畏蟼 蟽蟿畏 渭慰蠉蟻畏 魏维蟺慰喂慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 伪纬伪蟺维 蟺慰位蠉 蟿伪 味蠋伪.
螠喂伪 谓慰蠀尾苇位伪 蟺维谓味蔚蟽蟿畏 蟽伪谓 蠁慰蠀蟻谓喂蟽蟿蠈 蟿蟽慰蠀蟻苇魏喂 蟿伪 围蟻喂蟽蟿慰蠉纬蔚谓谓伪 魏伪喂 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻萎 蟽伪谓 渭喂伪 蟽魏蠀位委蟽喂伪 纬位蔚喂蠄喂维 蔚蠀纬谓蠅渭慰蟽蠉谓畏蟼 蟽蟿畏 渭慰蠉蟻畏 魏维蟺慰喂慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 伪纬伪蟺维 蟺慰位蠉 蟿伪 味蠋伪.
January 6, 2019
螆谓伪 蔚尉伪委蟻蔚蟿慰 未蔚委纬渭伪 纬蟻伪蠁萎蟼 伪蟺蠈 苇谓伪谓 蟻蠋蟽慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 慰蟺慰委慰 未蔚谓 蔚委蠂伪 伪蟽蠂慰位畏胃蔚委 苇蠅蟼 蟿蠋蟻伪. 螒蟺位萎 纬蟻伪蠁萎, 蟽蠀渭渭伪味蔚渭苇谓畏 蠁蠈蟻渭伪 伪位位维 伪谓伪位蠀蟿喂魏萎 魏伪喂 蟺喂蟽蟿萎 伪谓伪蟺伪蟻维蟽蟿伪蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏慰蠉 魏伪喂 蠄蠀蠂慰位慰纬喂魏慰蠉 蟺蟻慰蠁委位 蟿慰蠀 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎 蟿慰蠀.
危蠀蟽蟿萎谓蔚蟿伪喂 伪谓蔚蟺喂蠁蠉位伪魏蟿伪!!!
馃摉鉁掟煃扳潳鉂も潳馃枪鉁岎煈岎煈忦煈嶐炼濔炼�
危蠀蟽蟿萎谓蔚蟿伪喂 伪谓蔚蟺喂蠁蠉位伪魏蟿伪!!!
馃摉鉁掟煃扳潳鉂も潳馃枪鉁岎煈岎煈忦煈嶐炼濔炼�
November 25, 2017
螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 蠈谓慰渭伪 蟿畏蟼 蟽魏蠀位委蟿蟽伪蟼 纬喂伪蟿委 伪蠀蟿蠈蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 渭蠈谓慰蟼 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰蟼 谓伪 蟿畏谓 慰谓慰渭维蟽蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 蟿畏 蠁蠅谓维味蔚喂 魏慰谓蟿维 蟿慰蠀 慰 渭慰蠀纬纬蠈蟼 伪蠁苇谓蟿畏蟼 蟿畏蟼. 韦蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻萎 魏伪喂 位蠀蟺畏渭苇谓畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏 蟽蠀谓萎胃蔚喂伪 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪: 畏 蔚蠀蟿蠀蠂委伪 伪纬纬委味蔚蟿伪喂, 伪位位维 未蔚 未喂伪蟻魏蔚委, 蟺维谓蟿伪 蠀蟺维蟻蠂蔚喂 魏维蟿喂 蔚蠉胃蟻伪蠀蟽蟿慰 蟽蟿畏 蠁蠉蟽畏 蟿蠅谓 蟺蟻伪纬渭维蟿蠅谓, 萎 伪蟺鈥� 蟿喂蟼 蔚蟺喂位慰纬苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪蟽蟿维胃渭畏蟿慰蠀 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰蠀 蟺伪蟻维纬慰谓蟿伪. 螣 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 未蟻伪 蠅蟼 魏蟻喂蟿萎蟼 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟺慰位慰委蟺蠅谓 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿萎蟻蠅谓, 伪位位维 蠈蠂喂 蟿慰蠀 纬委纬伪谓蟿伪. 螕喂鈥� 伪蠀蟿蠈谓 未蔚谓 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚蠉蔚喂, 渭伪蟼 渭蔚蟿伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 未蔚 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉渭蔚 谓鈥� 伪魏慰蠉蟽慰蠀渭蔚, 伪蠁慰蠉 未蔚 渭喂位维蔚喂 魏伪喂 蠈蟽伪 尾位苇蟺慰蠀谓 慰喂 维位位慰喂 蟿喂蟼 渭蠈谓蔚蟼 蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟺慰蠀 伪蠁萎谓蔚蟿伪喂 蔚位蔚蠉胃蔚蟻慰蟼, 蟽蟿慰 未蠅渭伪蟿喂维魏喂 蟿慰蠀, 蟺委蟽蠅 伪蟺蠈 蟿蟻蠉蟺蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻维胃蠀蟻伪. 螘魏蔚委, 蟿蠈蟿蔚 蟿慰 蟺苇蟿蟻喂谓慰 蟺蟻蠈蟽蠅蟺慰 魏伪喂 蟿慰 伪位蠉纬喂蟽蟿慰 魏慰蟻渭委 蟽蟺维味慰蠀谓, 蔚尉伪蠁伪谓委味慰谓蟿伪喂. 螌渭蠅蟼 蟿慰 未喂魏伪委蠅渭伪 谓伪 谓喂蠋胃蔚喂, 谓伪 蟺慰胃蔚委, 谓伪 未委谓蔚喂, 谓伪 渭蔚纬伪位慰蠀蟻纬蔚委, 未蔚谓 蔚委谓伪喂 伪蟺慰魏位蔚喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟿蠅谓 维位位蠅谓 蟺慰蠀 伪魏慰蠉谓 魏伪喂 蟺慰蠀 尾位苇蟺慰蠀谓, 伪蟺鈥� 伪蠀蟿慰蠉蟼 蔚喂蟽蟺蟻维蟿蟿慰蠀渭蔚 渭蠈谓慰 蠂慰谓蟿蟻慰魏慰蟺喂维 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂蠁伪谓蔚喂伪魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪. 惟蟽蟿蠈蟽慰 蟺慰喂慰蟼 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 魏伪蟿畏纬慰蟻萎蟽蔚喂 渭慰蠀味委魏慰蠀蟼; 螣 未慰蠉位慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺维谓蟿伪 未慰蠉位慰蟼 魏喂 畏 渭蠈谓畏 维渭蠀谓伪 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺慰蟿伪魏蟿喂魏慰蠉 伪蟺鈥� 伪谓维纬魏畏 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 蟽蠉蟽蟿伪蟽畏 魏伪喂 蟽蠉渭蟺蟻伪尉畏, 蟽蟿慰谓 蠈蠂位慰, 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 蔚蟺喂魏委谓未蠀谓慰 蟿伪谓魏, 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺维谓蟿慰蟿蔚 蟽伪 谓伪 蟿慰 蠂蔚喂蟻委味蔚蟿伪喂, 苇谓伪蟼 蟺伪蟻维蠁蟻慰谓伪蟼 畏位蔚魏蟿蟻慰谓喂魏蠈蟼 蠀蟺慰位慰纬喂蟽蟿萎蟼. 螉蟽蠅蟼 谓伪 渭畏谓 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭蠈谓慰 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 魏维谓蔚喂 慰 未慰蠉位慰蟼, 伪位位维 伪蟻纬维 萎 纬蟻萎纬慰蟻伪 胃鈥� 伪谓伪纬魏伪蟽蟿蔚委 谓伪 蠀蟺慰蟿伪蠂蟿蔚委 蟽蔚 伪蠀蟿蠈, 萎 谓伪 渭蔚委谓蔚喂 渭蠈谓慰蟼. 螖蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 魏伪渭喂维 蟽畏渭伪蟽委伪, 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟺慰蠀 蟿慰谓 未喂伪蟿维味慰蠀谓 胃伪 纬委谓蔚喂, 蔚委蟿蔚 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪蟼 纬维渭慰蟼, 蔚委蟿蔚 鈥� 螖蔚谓 尉苇蟻蠅 纬喂伪蟿委 蟺萎蟻蔚 蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈蠁伪蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 蟺萎蟻蔚 慰 螕魏蔚蟻伪蟽委渭, 委蟽蠅蟼 谓伪 胃蔚蠋蟻畏蟽蔚 蟿畏 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀, 喂未喂慰魏蟿畏蟽委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟺喂蟿喂慰蠉, 委蟽蠅蟼 苇谓喂蠅胃蔚 蟺蠅蟼 蠈蠁蔚喂位蔚 谓伪 蠀蟺慰蟿伪蠂蟿蔚委 蟽蟿畏 胃苇位畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟺喂蟿喂慰蠉 魏喂 苇蟺蔚喂蟿伪 蠈位伪 蟿慰谓 苇蠁蟻伪尉伪谓, 苇蟽蟺伪蟽伪谓. 螉蟽蠅蟼 畏 渭蠈谓畏 蟿慰蠀 蔚蟺喂位慰纬萎 萎蟿伪谓 谓伪 蠀蟺伪魏慰蠉蟽蔚喂 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚谓蟿慰位萎. 螣 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 维位位蠅蟽蟿蔚 未蔚 未委谓蔚喂 魏伪蟿伪位畏魏蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪蟺伪谓蟿萎蟽蔚喂蟼, 渭蠈谓慰 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 伪纬伪蟺蠋 纬喂' 伪蠀蟿蠈. 螤慰蟿苇 渭蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼, 慰 蟺伪蟻伪蟿畏蟻畏蟿萎蟼 未蔚谓 尉苇蟻蔚喂 纬喂伪 蟿喂蟼 蟺蟻维尉蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺伪蟻维 渭蠈谓慰 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺慰胃苇蟿蔚喂 慰 委未喂慰蟼. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蔚委谓伪喂 蟻蔚伪位喂蟽渭蠈蟼.
危蟿慰蠀蟼 未喂伪位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 蠀蟽蟿蔚蟻蔚委, 蔚委谓伪喂 维谓蔚蠀蟻慰喂 蠅蟼 魏伪喂 未蠉蟽魏伪渭蟺蟿慰喂. 螒位位维 畏 蟽魏喂伪纬蟻维蠁畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 未慰蠉位慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏慰蠉 蔚魏蔚委谓慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 伪蠁慰蟻维 蟿慰 尾伪蟻蠉 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰, 蔚魏蔚委谓慰 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟿伪 蠈蟻喂伪 蟿慰蠀, 蟿慰蟺慰胃蔚蟿慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 维蠄慰纬伪 蟽蟿喂蟼 胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螛伪 蔚蟺喂魏蟻慰蟿萎蟽蠅 蟿慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 蔚渭蟺位苇魏蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 蠄蠀蠂慰纬蟻维蠁畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蠀. 螘委谓伪喂 蟺慰位蠉 未蠉蟽魏慰位慰 魏维蟿喂 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰, 纬喂伪 苇谓伪谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 纬蔚谓谓萎胃畏魏蔚 魏伪喂 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓鈥� 伪魏慰蠉蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭喂位维蔚喂, 伪蟺鈥� 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎. 韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 魏慰渭蠄慰蟿苇蠂谓畏渭伪, 渭蔚 魏伪位萎 蔚蟺喂渭苇位蔚喂伪 蟽蟿伪 尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁喂魏维 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 魏伪喂 蟺位慰蠉蟽喂慰 蟽蔚 蠁蠅蟿慰纬蟻伪蠁委蔚蟼, 伪位位维 畏 渭蔚蟿维蠁蟻伪蟽畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蟻慰尾位畏渭伪蟿喂魏萎: 魏维魏喂蟽蟿畏 蔚蟺喂位慰纬萎 畏 蠂蟻萎蟽畏 蔚魏蠁蟻维蟽蔚蠅谓 蔚位位畏谓喂魏萎蟼 伪蟻纬魏蠈, 蟿慰蠀 蔚蟺喂蟺苇未慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓畏胃委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿喂蟼 魏伪蠁蔚蟿苇蟻喂蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 伪蠀蟿萎 蟺慰蠀 未蔚 胃伪 蔚谓慰蠂位慰蠉蟽蔚 蔚魏蔚委 蟺慰蠀 蔚委蟽伪喂 渭蠈谓慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟽慰蠀, 蟽蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟽慰蠀. 螌蟿伪谓 蟺伪蟻慰蟺位委味慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 蟽蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 苇尉蠅 伪蟺鈥� 蟿畏谓 蟺蠈蟻蟿伪, 渭伪味委 伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蔚委 魏喂 畏 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪 蟿慰蠀蟼. 桅蟻维蟽蔚喂蟼 蠈蟺蠅蟼 鈥樷€櫹兾� 蟿蟻蔚位维 魏苇蠁喂伪鈥欌€�, 位苇尉蔚喂蟼 蠈蟺蠅蟼 鈥樷€櫸枷€慰蠀蠂蠈蟼鈥欌€�, 萎 鈥樷€櫸澄合屛嘉滴轿迪傗€欌€� 蟽蟿慰 维位位慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿畏蟼 蟽蔚喂蟻维蟼, 蟿慰 螠慰谓慰渭维蠂慰, 未蔚谓 苇蠂慰蠀谓 魏伪渭喂维 胃苇蟽畏 蔚未蠋.
危蟿慰蠀蟼 未喂伪位蠈纬慰蠀蟼 蠀蟽蟿蔚蟻蔚委, 蔚委谓伪喂 维谓蔚蠀蟻慰喂 蠅蟼 魏伪喂 未蠉蟽魏伪渭蟺蟿慰喂. 螒位位维 畏 蟽魏喂伪纬蟻维蠁畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 未慰蠉位慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂蟽蟿喂魏慰蠉 蔚魏蔚委谓慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 伪蠁慰蟻维 蟿慰 尾伪蟻蠉 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰, 蔚魏蔚委谓慰 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟿伪 蠈蟻喂伪 蟿慰蠀, 蟿慰蟺慰胃蔚蟿慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 维蠄慰纬伪 蟽蟿喂蟼 胃苇蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼. 螛伪 蔚蟺喂魏蟻慰蟿萎蟽蠅 蟿慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 蔚渭蟺位苇魏蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 蠄蠀蠂慰纬蟻维蠁畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蠀. 螘委谓伪喂 蟺慰位蠉 未蠉蟽魏慰位慰 魏维蟿喂 蟿苇蟿慰喂慰, 纬喂伪 苇谓伪谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 纬蔚谓谓萎胃畏魏蔚 魏伪喂 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓鈥� 伪魏慰蠉蔚喂 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭喂位维蔚喂, 伪蟺鈥� 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎. 韦慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 魏慰渭蠄慰蟿苇蠂谓畏渭伪, 渭蔚 魏伪位萎 蔚蟺喂渭苇位蔚喂伪 蟽蟿伪 尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁喂魏维 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 魏伪喂 蟺位慰蠉蟽喂慰 蟽蔚 蠁蠅蟿慰纬蟻伪蠁委蔚蟼, 伪位位维 畏 渭蔚蟿维蠁蟻伪蟽畏 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺蟻慰尾位畏渭伪蟿喂魏萎: 魏维魏喂蟽蟿畏 蔚蟺喂位慰纬萎 畏 蠂蟻萎蟽畏 蔚魏蠁蟻维蟽蔚蠅谓 蔚位位畏谓喂魏萎蟼 伪蟻纬魏蠈, 蟿慰蠀 蔚蟺喂蟺苇未慰蠀 蟺慰蠀 蟽蠀谓畏胃委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿喂蟼 魏伪蠁蔚蟿苇蟻喂蔚蟼 魏伪喂 蠈蠂喂 伪蠀蟿萎 蟺慰蠀 未蔚 胃伪 蔚谓慰蠂位慰蠉蟽蔚 蔚魏蔚委 蟺慰蠀 蔚委蟽伪喂 渭蠈谓慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蔚伪蠀蟿蠈 蟽慰蠀, 蟽蟿慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟽慰蠀. 螌蟿伪谓 蟺伪蟻慰蟺位委味慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 蟽蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 苇尉蠅 伪蟺鈥� 蟿畏谓 蟺蠈蟻蟿伪, 渭伪味委 伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蔚委 魏喂 畏 纬位蠋蟽蟽伪 蟿慰蠀蟼. 桅蟻维蟽蔚喂蟼 蠈蟺蠅蟼 鈥樷€櫹兾� 蟿蟻蔚位维 魏苇蠁喂伪鈥欌€�, 位苇尉蔚喂蟼 蠈蟺蠅蟼 鈥樷€櫸枷€慰蠀蠂蠈蟼鈥欌€�, 萎 鈥樷€櫸澄合屛嘉滴轿迪傗€欌€� 蟽蟿慰 维位位慰 尾喂尾位委慰 蟿畏蟼 蟽蔚喂蟻维蟼, 蟿慰 螠慰谓慰渭维蠂慰, 未蔚谓 苇蠂慰蠀谓 魏伪渭喂维 胃苇蟽畏 蔚未蠋.
July 15, 2018
螘谓伪 纬位蠀魏慰蟺喂魏蟻慰 未喂畏纬畏渭伪 蟿慰蠀 螜尾伪谓 韦慰蠀蟻纬魏蔚谓喂蔚蠁! 螘谓伪 未喂畏纬畏渭伪 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻慰魏伪位蔚喂 蟺慰谓慰 魏 胃位喂蠄畏. 螖蔚 胃伪 蟺蟻蔚蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪位蔚喂蠄慰蠀渭蔚 蟺蠅蟼 纬蟻伪蠁蟿畏魏蔚 魏伪蟿伪 蟿畏 未喂伪蟻魏蔚喂伪 蟿畏蟼 蠁蠀位伪魏喂蟽畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿畏谓 螒纬喂伪 螤蔚蟿蟻慰蠀蟺慰位畏. 螛蔚渭伪 蟿慰蠀 未喂畏纬畏渭伪蟿慰蟼 畏 蟽魏位畏蟻慰蟿畏蟿伪 蟿畏蟼 未慰蠀位慰蟺伪蟻慰喂魏喂伪蟼. 螠慰蠀渭慰蠀 渭慰蠀, 蟿喂 纬位蠀魏慰 蟺位伪蟽渭伪 蔚喂蟽伪喂!
January 31, 2021
螠慰蠉渭慰蠀. 螠喂伪 位喂位喂蟺慰蠉蟿蔚喂伪 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蠀蟺慰蟿伪纬萎蟼, 伪谓喂未喂慰蟿蔚位慰蠉蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 魏伪喂 蟺伪谓蟿慰蟿喂谓萎蟼 伪蠁慰蟽委蠅蟽畏蟼. 螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蠈位伪 蠈蟽伪 伪纬伪蟺维蟼, 魏伪喂 蠈位伪 蠈蟽伪 胃伪 蟺蟻慰未蠋蟽蔚喂蟼. 螚 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿慰 渭蠈谓慰 蟺慰蠀 蟽慰蠀 未蠈胃畏魏蔚 魏伪喂 蟿慰 蟺蟻蠋蟿慰 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿蟻苇蠄蔚喂蟼. 螣 韦慰蠀蟻纬魏喂苇谓喂蔚蠁 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 伪胃蠋伪 魏伪喂 维未慰位畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 苇谓伪 喂蟽蠂蠀蟻蠈 蟺位萎纬渭伪 蟽蟿慰 魏蟿畏谓蠋未蔚蟼 魏伪胃蔚蟽蟿蠋蟼 蟿畏蟼 未慰蠀位慰蟺伪蟻慰喂魏委伪蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 蟿蟽伪蟻喂魏萎 巍蠅蟽委伪. 螒蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 渭喂魏蟻慰蟽魏慰蟺喂魏蠈 苇蟻纬慰 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 位喂蟿萎, 伪谓维位伪蠁蟻畏 魏伪喂 慰位蠈纬蠀渭谓畏 伪蟺蠈 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏苇蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蔚蠂谓维蟽渭伪蟿伪 纬蟻伪蠁萎 蠈蠂喂 渭蠈谓慰谓 伪蟺慰胃蔚蠋胃畏魏蔚 蠅蟼 蟽畏渭伪谓蟿喂魏蠈 未蔚委纬渭伪 蟿畏蟼 渭蔚纬伪位蔚喂蠋未慰蠀蟼 魏位伪蟽喂魏萎蟼 位慰纬慰蟿蔚蠂谓委伪蟼, 渭伪 伪蟺慰蟿苇位蔚蟽蔚 魏伪喂 渭喂伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 渭蔚纬伪位蠉蟿蔚蟻蔚蟼 魏蟻伪蠀纬苇蟼 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏蟼 尾喂伪喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 魏伪胃蔚蟽蟿蠋蟿慰蟼. 螣 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 渭蔚位苇蟿畏蟽蔚 蟿慰谓 围苇纬魏蔚位, 蟽蠀谓伪谓伪蟽蟿蟻维蠁畏魏蔚 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 韦慰位蟽蟿蠈喂 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 螡蟿慰蟽蟿慰纬喂苇蠁蟽魏喂, 蔚谓蠋 蟽蠀谓未苇胃畏魏蔚 蟽蟿蔚谓维 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蠁位蠅渭蟺苇蟻 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 螙慰位维, 未蠉慰 伪喂蠋谓蔚蟼 渭蔚蟿维 蟺伪蟻伪渭苇谓蔚喂 伪尾维蟽蟿伪蠂蟿伪 蔚蟺委魏伪喂蟻慰蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蟻伪纬喂魏维 未喂伪蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈蟼.
螖喂伪尾维味慰谓蟿伪蟼 位委纬蔚蟼 蠋蟻蔚蟼 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 蟿慰蠀 economist 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓维纬魏畏 蔚谓蠈蟼 谓苇慰蠀 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏慰蠉 蟽蠀渭尾慰位伪委慰蠀, 蟽魏苇蠁蟿慰渭伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蠈蟽慰 魏喂 伪谓 蟺慰谓维蔚喂 畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿蔚位喂魏维 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 蟿慰 未喂魏伪委蠅渭伪 谓伪 魏位维蠄蔚喂 纬喂鈥� 伪蠀蟿萎. 韦畏 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰未蠋蟽伪渭蔚 蠈位慰喂.馃挃
螖喂伪尾维味慰谓蟿伪蟼 位委纬蔚蟼 蠋蟻蔚蟼 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 蟿慰蠀 economist 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 伪谓维纬魏畏 蔚谓蠈蟼 谓苇慰蠀 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏慰蠉 蟽蠀渭尾慰位伪委慰蠀, 蟽魏苇蠁蟿慰渭伪喂 蟺蠅蟼 蠈蟽慰 魏喂 伪谓 蟺慰谓维蔚喂 畏 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀, 魏伪谓蔚委蟼 蟿蔚位喂魏维 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 蟿慰 未喂魏伪委蠅渭伪 谓伪 魏位维蠄蔚喂 纬喂鈥� 伪蠀蟿萎. 韦畏 螠慰蠉渭慰蠀 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰未蠋蟽伪渭蔚 蠈位慰喂.馃挃
November 16, 2020
1852. 螣 螕魏蠈纬魏慰位 伪蠁慰蠉 魏维蠄蔚喂 蟿慰 未蔚蠉蟿蔚蟻慰 蟿蠈渭慰 蟿蠅谓 螡蔚魏蟻蠋谓 唯蠀蠂蠋谓 蟺蔚胃伪委谓蔚喂 伪蟺蠈 畏胃蔚位畏渭苇谓畏 伪蟽喂蟿委伪. 螣 Turgenev 蟽蠀纬魏位慰谓喂蟽渭苇谓慰蟼 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂 维蟻胃蟻慰 魏伪喂 蠁蠀位伪魏委味蔚蟿伪喂. 违蟺蠈 伪蠀蟿蠈 蟿慰 魏伪胃蔚蟽蟿蠋蟼, 渭苇蟽伪 蟽蟿畏 蠁蠀位伪魏萎 慰 Turgenev 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂 蟿畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉, 渭喂伪 蟽蠉谓蟿慰渭畏 谓慰蠀尾苇位伪 - 渭喂魏蟻蠈蟿蔚蟻畏 蟿蠅谓 100 蟽蔚位委未蠅谓.
螚 尾伪蟽喂魏萎 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 未喂伪未蟻伪渭伪蟿委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 伪蟻蠂慰谓蟿喂魏蠈 渭喂伪蟼 蔚蠉蟺慰蟻畏蟼 畏位喂魏喂蠅渭苇谓畏蟼 蠂萎蟻伪蟼 渭蔚 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎 苇谓伪谓 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰 未慰蠀位慰蟺维蟻慰喂魏慰. 螚 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蔚魏蟿蔚委谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 未喂维蟽蟿畏渭伪 位委纬蠅谓 蠂蟻蠈谓蠅谓 未喂伪谓胃喂蟽渭苇谓畏 渭蔚 蟺蔚蟻喂纬蟻伪蠁苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟽蟿慰 蟽蟺委蟿喂, 蠈渭蠅蟼 慰 Turgenev 魏维谓蔚喂 蔚蟺喂位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 zoom in 蟽蔚 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓伪 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位慰蠉谓 魏伪喂 蟿伪 尾伪蟽喂魏蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蟿畏蟼 伪蠁萎纬畏蟽萎蟼 蟿慰蠀.
螤伪蟻维 蟿畏 蟺蔚蟻喂慰蟻喂蟽渭苇谓畏 苇魏蟿伪蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 苇蟻纬慰蠀, 慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟽蔚喂 渭喂伪 伪魏蟻喂尾萎 胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 谓伪 蟺慰蠉渭蔚 魏伪蟿伪纬蟻伪蠁萎 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿蠅谓 未慰蠀位慰蟺维蟻慰喂魏蠅谓. 螣 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟿畏蟻蔚委 蟿喂蟼 蟽蠂苇蟽蔚喂蟼 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏慰蠉, 蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 味蠅苇蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 (蟺.蠂 伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽委味蔚喂 蟺慰喂慰蟼 胃伪 蟺伪谓蟿蟻蔚蠀蟿蔚委 渭蔚 蟺慰喂慰谓), 蟿畏谓 伪谓蠋蠁蔚位畏 蠀蟺慰蟿伪纬萎 蟿慰蠀蟼 (渭蔚 蟽魏慰蟺蠈 谓伪 魏蔚蟻未委蟽慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蔚蠉谓慰喂伪 - 蟺.蠂 慰喂 蔚蠀谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓蔚蟼 伪蠀位喂魏苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼 - 慰 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀 蠅蟼 伪蠂维蟻喂蟽蟿慰蟼 - 畏 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟽畏 蟿慰蠀蟼 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼), 蟿慰 蠁蠈尾慰 蟽蟿伪 魏伪蟺蟻委蟿蟽喂伪 蟿畏蟼 魏位蟺. 螘委谓伪喂 蔚魏蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈 蟺蠅蟼 慰 Turgenev 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 渭喂位萎蟽蔚喂 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 胃苇位蔚喂 谓伪 蟽蟿喂纬渭伪蟿委蟽蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿蟻慰渭蔚蟻萎 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭委伪 位苇尉蔚蠅谓 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 伪蟺慰蟺蟻慰蟽伪谓伪蟿慰位委味蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 魏蔚谓蟿蟻喂魏蠈 胃苇渭伪 蟿慰蠀 苇蟻纬慰蠀.
螌渭蠅蟼 尉蔚魏委谓畏蟽伪 谓伪 渭喂位蠋 纬喂伪 蟿伪 尾伪蟽喂魏维 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 伪渭苇位畏蟽伪 谓伪 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蠅 蟺慰喂慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 魏伪喂 蟺慰喂伪 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉. 螣 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蟼 蔚蟻纬维蟿畏蟼, 纬蔚蟻慰未蔚渭苇谓慰蟼, 未慰蠀位蔚蠀蟿伪蟻维蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏蠈蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 蠈蠄畏 (魏伪蟿维 蟿喂蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂纬蟻伪蠁苇蟼), 蔚蠀谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蠁蔚谓蟿喂魏委谓伪 蟿慰蠀 (纬喂伪蟿委 魏维谓蔚喂 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 未慰蠀位蔚喂苇蟼), 伪蟺慰渭慰谓蠅渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蠀蟺蠈位慰喂蟺慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈 (蟺慰蠀 蟿慰谓 蠂位蔚蠀维味蔚喂 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 蠁慰尾维蟿伪喂) 魏伪喂 蔚蟻蠅蟿蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪. 螝伪蟿伪未喂魏伪蟽渭苇谓慰蟼 苇蟻蠅蟿伪蟼 伪蠁慰蠉 畏 魏慰蟺苇位伪 未蔚谓 伪谓蟿伪蟺慰魏蟻委谓蔚蟿伪喂 渭伪 魏伪喂 畏 蠂萎蟻伪 伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽委味蔚喂 谓伪 蟿畏谓 蟺伪谓蟿蟻苇蠄蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟿蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟽蟿畏 未慰蠉位蔚蠄萎 蟿畏蟼. 螚 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 蟿蠋蟻伪 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 蠁蠅谓萎 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀.. 畏 渭喂魏蟻萎 蟽魏蠀位委蟿蟽伪 蟺慰蠀 苇蟽蠅蟽蔚 蟽蟿慰 未蟻蠈渭慰 魏伪喂 魏蟻伪蟿维蔚喂 魏慰谓蟿维 蟿慰蠀.
螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 蠂蟿委味蔚喂 慰 Turgenev 伪谓维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰 魏伪喂 蟿畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 蟿慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委慰 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委慰 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼 蟽蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰. 螚 蠂萎蟻伪 味蔚喂 渭蠈谓畏 蟿畏蟼, 畏 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪 魏伪喂 慰 锟斤拷蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏蟼 蟺伪谓蟿蟻蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪喂 蔚蟺蔚喂未萎 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺蟻蠈蟽蟿伪尉蔚 畏 伪蠁蔚谓蟿喂魏委谓伪 (蔚委谓伪喂 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蟿伪 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿畏谓 伪谓蟿委未蟻伪蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟿蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏 伪位位维 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪蟼 蟽蟿慰 维魏慰蠀蟽渭伪 蟿慰蠀 蔚蟺喂魏蔚委渭蔚谓慰蠀 纬维渭慰蠀 蟿慰蠀蟼), 伪魏蠈渭伪 魏伪喂 苇谓伪蟼 蔚位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰蟼 未喂维位慰纬慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪蠀位喂魏慰蠉 螕伪尾蟻喂畏位慰尾喂蟿蟼 渭蔚 蟿畏 纬蠀谓伪委魏伪 蟿慰蠀 未蔚 魏伪蟿伪未蔚喂魏谓蠉蔚喂 蟽蟿慰 蔚位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰 蟽蠀谓维蠁蔚喂伪 渭蔚 慰喂魏慰纬蔚谓蔚喂伪魏蠈 未蔚蟽渭蠈. 螒谓蟿喂位伪渭尾伪谓蠈渭伪蟽蟿蔚 蠈蟿喂 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻慰 蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰 未慰渭蔚委蟿伪喂 魏蠀蟻委蠅蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 - 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 未慰蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 伪蠁慰蟽委蠅蟽畏, 蟺蟻慰蟽蟿伪蟿蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 蔚渭蟺喂蟽蟿慰蟽蠉谓畏. 螚 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 胃伪 纬委谓蔚喂 畏 蠁蠅谓萎 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂.
螖蔚 胃伪 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 渭伪蟼 魏维谓蔚喂 蔚谓蟿蠉蟺蠅蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 慰 Turgenev 未慰渭蔚委 蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 渭蔚 魏蔚谓蟿蟻喂魏蠈 维尉慰谓伪 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 伪渭慰喂尾伪委伪蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螁位位蠅蟽蟿蔚 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟻魏蔚蟿维 伪蠀蟿慰尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁喂魏维 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 渭蔚 蟽蠀渭尾慰位喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 未慰蟽渭苇谓伪 尾苇尾伪喂伪. 螚 蠂萎蟻伪 畏位喂魏喂蠅渭苇谓畏 魏蠀蟻委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺位伪蟽渭苇谓畏 蠈蟺蠅蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 纬蟻伪蠁蟿蔚委 蟽蟿伪 蟺蟻蠈蟿蠀蟺伪 蟿畏蟼 未蔚蟽蟺慰蟿喂魏萎蟼 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪. 螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 维位位蠅蟽蟿蔚 渭蔚 蟿畏 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪 蟿慰蠀 萎蟿伪谓 蟿伪蟻伪蠂蠋未畏蟼 (蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭慰蠉蟽蔚 谓伪 蟿慰谓 伪蟺慰魏位畏蟻蠋蟽蔚喂 魏位蟺)
螕喂伪 蟿慰谓 Turgenev, 慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 伪谓蟿喂蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺蔚蠉蔚喂 蟿慰 巍蠋蟽慰 渭慰蠀味委魏慰. 韦慰谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚蟻纬伪蟿喂魏蠈蟼 伪位位维 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 蠁蠅谓萎, 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿委渭喂慰蟼 (苇蠂蔚喂 渭蟺苇蟽伪!), 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蠀蟺慰蟿伪纬渭苇谓慰蟼 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 蔚蟺伪谓伪蟽蟿伪蟿萎蟽蔚喂 魏伪喂 胃伪 未喂蔚魏未喂魏萎蟽蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚位蔚蠀胃蔚蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀. 螠畏 尉蔚蠂谓维渭蔚 蔚未蠋 蟺蠅蟼 蠈蟿伪谓 畏 蟺蔚蟻喂慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟺蔚蟻喂萎位胃蔚 蟽蟿伪 蠂苇蟻喂伪 蟿慰蠀 慰 Turgenev 伪蟺蔚位蔚蠀胃苇蟻蠅蟽蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 渭慰蠀味委魏慰蠀蟼.
螘委谓伪喂 蔚魏蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈蟼 尾苇尾伪喂伪 慰 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 胃蠀渭委味蔚喂 蟽蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蠈蟿喂 慰 萎蟻蠅伪蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蟼 (慰蠂喂 蠁蠀蟽喂魏维 未喂伪 蟿畏蟼 伪渭苇蟽慰蠀 蠀蟺蔚谓胃蠉渭喂蟽畏蟼/ 蔚蟺伪谓维位畏蠄畏蟼) 伪位位维 渭蔚 蟽蠀纬魏位慰谓喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 (蠈蟺蠅蟼 蟽蟿慰 蟽畏渭蔚委慰 蟺慰蠀 蟺谓委纬蔚蟿伪喂 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉: ".. 尾位苇蟺蔚蟿蔚 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿蠈谓 魏伪喂 慰喂 蟺喂慰 未蠀谓伪蟿慰委 胃蠈蟻蠀尾慰喂 蟿慰蠀 蟺蟻蠅喂谓慰蠉 萎蟿伪谓 蟺喂慰 蟽喂蠅蟺畏位慰委 伪蟺蠈 慰蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 纬喂伪 渭伪蟼 畏 蟽喂纬伪位喂维 蟿畏蟼 谓蠉蠂蟿伪蟼..").
螣 Turgenev 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 魏蠀蟻喂蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺伪蟻蠈谓 蟿慰蠀 (蠂伪渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕魏蠈纬魏慰位, 蠁蠀位伪魏萎) 魏伪喂 蔚蟺畏蟻蔚伪蟽渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺伪蟻蔚位胃蠈谓 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 (伪蠀蟿伪蟻蠂喂魏萎 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪, 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 味蠅萎蟼 渭慰蠀味喂魏蠅谓) 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂 蟿畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠀 魏伪喂 伪蠁萎谓蔚喂 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 伪谓畏蟽蠀蠂喂蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 谓伪 蟿慰谓 魏伪胃慰未畏纬畏蟽慰蠀谓.
韦慰 蟿苇位慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 伪蠁萎谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰谓 蔚魏维蟽蟿慰蟿蔚 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 谓伪 尾纬维位蔚喂 蟿伪 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻维蟽渭伪蟿维 蟿慰蠀 伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰谓 萎蠂慰 伪蟺 蟿伪 尾萎渭伪蟿伪 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀.
螚 尾伪蟽喂魏萎 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿畏蟼 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 未喂伪未蟻伪渭伪蟿委味蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 伪蟻蠂慰谓蟿喂魏蠈 渭喂伪蟼 蔚蠉蟺慰蟻畏蟼 畏位喂魏喂蠅渭苇谓畏蟼 蠂萎蟻伪蟼 渭蔚 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿萎 苇谓伪谓 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰 未慰蠀位慰蟺维蟻慰喂魏慰. 螚 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蔚魏蟿蔚委谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 未喂维蟽蟿畏渭伪 位委纬蠅谓 蠂蟻蠈谓蠅谓 未喂伪谓胃喂蟽渭苇谓畏 渭蔚 蟺蔚蟻喂纬蟻伪蠁苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟽蟿慰 蟽蟺委蟿喂, 蠈渭蠅蟼 慰 Turgenev 魏维谓蔚喂 蔚蟺喂位蔚魏蟿喂魏维 zoom in 蟽蔚 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓伪 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位慰蠉谓 魏伪喂 蟿伪 尾伪蟽喂魏蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蟿畏蟼 伪蠁萎纬畏蟽萎蟼 蟿慰蠀.
螤伪蟻维 蟿畏 蟺蔚蟻喂慰蟻喂蟽渭苇谓畏 苇魏蟿伪蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 苇蟻纬慰蠀, 慰 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪蟼 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟽蔚喂 渭喂伪 伪魏蟻喂尾萎 胃伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽伪渭蔚 谓伪 蟺慰蠉渭蔚 魏伪蟿伪纬蟻伪蠁萎 蟿畏蟼 味蠅萎蟼 蟿蠅谓 未慰蠀位慰蟺维蟻慰喂魏蠅谓. 螣 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏蟼 蟺伪蟻伪蟿畏蟻蔚委 蟿喂蟼 蟽蠂苇蟽蔚喂蟼 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蟿慰蠀 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏慰蠉, 蟿畏谓 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟿畏 蔚尉慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 味蠅苇蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 (蟺.蠂 伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽委味蔚喂 蟺慰喂慰蟼 胃伪 蟺伪谓蟿蟻蔚蠀蟿蔚委 渭蔚 蟺慰喂慰谓), 蟿畏谓 伪谓蠋蠁蔚位畏 蠀蟺慰蟿伪纬萎 蟿慰蠀蟼 (渭蔚 蟽魏慰蟺蠈 谓伪 魏蔚蟻未委蟽慰蠀谓 蟿畏谓 蔚蠉谓慰喂伪 - 蟺.蠂 慰喂 蔚蠀谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓蔚蟼 伪蠀位喂魏苇蟼 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼 - 慰 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀 蠅蟼 伪蠂维蟻喂蟽蟿慰蟼 - 畏 伪蟺蠈位蠀蟽畏 蟿慰蠀蟼 渭蔚蟿维 蟿慰 胃维谓伪蟿慰 蟿畏蟼 魏蠀蟻委伪蟼), 蟿慰 蠁蠈尾慰 蟽蟿伪 魏伪蟺蟻委蟿蟽喂伪 蟿畏蟼 魏位蟺. 螘委谓伪喂 蔚魏蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈 蟺蠅蟼 慰 Turgenev 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 渭喂位萎蟽蔚喂 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿维 蟺慰蠀 胃苇位蔚喂 谓伪 蟽蟿喂纬渭伪蟿委蟽蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿蟻慰渭蔚蟻萎 慰喂魏慰谓慰渭委伪 位苇尉蔚蠅谓 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 谓伪 伪蟺慰蟺蟻慰蟽伪谓伪蟿慰位委味蔚喂 蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 魏蔚谓蟿蟻喂魏蠈 胃苇渭伪 蟿慰蠀 苇蟻纬慰蠀.
螌渭蠅蟼 尉蔚魏委谓畏蟽伪 谓伪 渭喂位蠋 纬喂伪 蟿伪 尾伪蟽喂魏维 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 伪渭苇位畏蟽伪 谓伪 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蠅 蟺慰喂慰蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 魏伪喂 蟺慰喂伪 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉. 螣 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蟼 蔚蟻纬维蟿畏蟼, 纬蔚蟻慰未蔚渭苇谓慰蟼, 未慰蠀位蔚蠀蟿伪蟻维蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蟻慰渭伪魏蟿喂魏蠈蟼 蟽蟿畏谓 蠈蠄畏 (魏伪蟿维 蟿喂蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂纬蟻伪蠁苇蟼), 蔚蠀谓慰慰蠉渭蔚谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蠁蔚谓蟿喂魏委谓伪 蟿慰蠀 (纬喂伪蟿委 魏维谓蔚喂 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 未慰蠀位蔚喂苇蟼), 伪蟺慰渭慰谓蠅渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蠀蟺蠈位慰喂蟺慰 蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺喂魏蠈 (蟺慰蠀 蟿慰谓 蠂位蔚蠀维味蔚喂 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 蠁慰尾维蟿伪喂) 魏伪喂 蔚蟻蠅蟿蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪. 螝伪蟿伪未喂魏伪蟽渭苇谓慰蟼 苇蟻蠅蟿伪蟼 伪蠁慰蠉 畏 魏慰蟺苇位伪 未蔚谓 伪谓蟿伪蟺慰魏蟻委谓蔚蟿伪喂 渭伪 魏伪喂 畏 蠂萎蟻伪 伪蟺慰蠁伪蟽委味蔚喂 谓伪 蟿畏谓 蟺伪谓蟿蟻苇蠄蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 蟿蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏 蟺慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟽蟿畏 未慰蠉位蔚蠄萎 蟿畏蟼. 螚 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 蟿蠋蟻伪 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 蠁蠅谓萎 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀.. 畏 渭喂魏蟻萎 蟽魏蠀位委蟿蟽伪 蟺慰蠀 苇蟽蠅蟽蔚 蟽蟿慰 未蟻蠈渭慰 魏伪喂 魏蟻伪蟿维蔚喂 魏慰谓蟿维 蟿慰蠀.
螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 蠂蟿委味蔚喂 慰 Turgenev 伪谓维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰 魏伪喂 蟿畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 蟿慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委慰 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委慰 蠉蟺伪蟻尉畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼 蟽蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰. 螚 蠂萎蟻伪 味蔚喂 渭蠈谓畏 蟿畏蟼, 畏 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪 魏伪喂 慰 锟斤拷蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏蟼 蟺伪谓蟿蟻蔚蠉慰谓蟿伪喂 蔚蟺蔚喂未萎 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟺蟻蠈蟽蟿伪尉蔚 畏 伪蠁蔚谓蟿喂魏委谓伪 (蔚委谓伪喂 蔚尉伪喂蟻蔚蟿喂魏维 蟿伪 蟽畏渭蔚委伪 蟺慰蠀 伪谓伪蠁苇蟻蔚喂 蟿畏谓 伪谓蟿委未蟻伪蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蟿蟽伪纬魏维蟻畏 伪位位维 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 韦伪蟿喂维谓伪蟼 蟽蟿慰 维魏慰蠀蟽渭伪 蟿慰蠀 蔚蟺喂魏蔚委渭蔚谓慰蠀 纬维渭慰蠀 蟿慰蠀蟼), 伪魏蠈渭伪 魏伪喂 苇谓伪蟼 蔚位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰蟼 未喂维位慰纬慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 伪蠀位喂魏慰蠉 螕伪尾蟻喂畏位慰尾喂蟿蟼 渭蔚 蟿畏 纬蠀谓伪委魏伪 蟿慰蠀 未蔚 魏伪蟿伪未蔚喂魏谓蠉蔚喂 蟽蟿慰 蔚位维蠂喂蟽蟿慰 蟽蠀谓维蠁蔚喂伪 渭蔚 慰喂魏慰纬蔚谓蔚喂伪魏蠈 未蔚蟽渭蠈. 螒谓蟿喂位伪渭尾伪谓蠈渭伪蟽蟿蔚 蠈蟿喂 慰位蠈魏位畏蟻慰 蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰 未慰渭蔚委蟿伪喂 魏蠀蟻委蠅蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼, 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 - 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 未慰蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 伪蠁慰蟽委蠅蟽畏, 蟺蟻慰蟽蟿伪蟿蔚蠀蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 魏伪喂 蔚渭蟺喂蟽蟿慰蟽蠉谓畏. 螚 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 胃伪 纬委谓蔚喂 畏 蠁蠅谓萎 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂.
螖蔚 胃伪 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 渭伪蟼 魏维谓蔚喂 蔚谓蟿蠉蟺蠅蟽畏 蟺慰蠀 慰 Turgenev 未慰渭蔚委 蟿畏谓 喂蟽蟿慰蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀 渭蔚 魏蔚谓蟿蟻喂魏蠈 维尉慰谓伪 蟿畏谓 伪蟺慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 伪渭慰喂尾伪委伪蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 慰喂魏慰纬苇谓蔚喂伪蟼. 螁位位蠅蟽蟿蔚 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 苇蠂蔚喂 伪蟻魏蔚蟿维 伪蠀蟿慰尾喂慰纬蟻伪蠁喂魏维 蟽蟿慰喂蠂蔚委伪 渭蔚 蟽蠀渭尾慰位喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰 未慰蟽渭苇谓伪 尾苇尾伪喂伪. 螚 蠂萎蟻伪 畏位喂魏喂蠅渭苇谓畏 魏蠀蟻委伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺位伪蟽渭苇谓畏 蠈蟺蠅蟼 苇蠂蔚喂 纬蟻伪蠁蟿蔚委 蟽蟿伪 蟺蟻蠈蟿蠀蟺伪 蟿畏蟼 未蔚蟽蟺慰蟿喂魏萎蟼 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蠀纬纬蟻伪蠁苇伪. 螚 蟽蠂苇蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 维位位蠅蟽蟿蔚 渭蔚 蟿畏 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪 蟿慰蠀 萎蟿伪谓 蟿伪蟻伪蠂蠋未畏蟼 (蔚蟺喂胃蠀渭慰蠉蟽蔚 谓伪 蟿慰谓 伪蟺慰魏位畏蟻蠋蟽蔚喂 魏位蟺)
螕喂伪 蟿慰谓 Turgenev, 慰 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蟼 伪谓蟿喂蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺蔚蠉蔚喂 蟿慰 巍蠋蟽慰 渭慰蠀味委魏慰. 韦慰谓 维谓胃蟻蠅蟺慰 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚蟻纬伪蟿喂魏蠈蟼 伪位位维 未蔚谓 苇蠂蔚喂 蠁蠅谓萎, 蟺慰蠀 蔚委谓伪喂 蟿委渭喂慰蟼 (苇蠂蔚喂 渭蟺苇蟽伪!), 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蠀蟺慰蟿伪纬渭苇谓慰蟼 渭苇蠂蟻喂 蟿畏 蟽蟿喂纬渭萎 蟺慰蠀 胃伪 蔚蟺伪谓伪蟽蟿伪蟿萎蟽蔚喂 魏伪喂 胃伪 未喂蔚魏未喂魏萎蟽蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蔚位蔚蠀胃蔚蟻委伪 蟿慰蠀. 螠畏 尉蔚蠂谓维渭蔚 蔚未蠋 蟺蠅蟼 蠈蟿伪谓 畏 蟺蔚蟻喂慰蠀蟽委伪 蟿畏蟼 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟺蔚蟻喂萎位胃蔚 蟽蟿伪 蠂苇蟻喂伪 蟿慰蠀 慰 Turgenev 伪蟺蔚位蔚蠀胃苇蟻蠅蟽蔚 蟿慰蠀蟼 渭慰蠀味委魏慰蠀蟼.
螘委谓伪喂 蔚魏蟺位畏魏蟿喂魏蠈蟼 尾苇尾伪喂伪 慰 蟿蟻蠈蟺慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 魏伪蟿伪蠁苇蟻谓蔚喂 谓伪 胃蠀渭委味蔚喂 蟽蟿慰谓 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 蠈蟿喂 慰 萎蟻蠅伪蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蟼 (慰蠂喂 蠁蠀蟽喂魏维 未喂伪 蟿畏蟼 伪渭苇蟽慰蠀 蠀蟺蔚谓胃蠉渭喂蟽畏蟼/ 蔚蟺伪谓维位畏蠄畏蟼) 伪位位维 渭蔚 蟽蠀纬魏位慰谓喂蟽蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 (蠈蟺蠅蟼 蟽蟿慰 蟽畏渭蔚委慰 蟺慰蠀 蟺谓委纬蔚蟿伪喂 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉: ".. 尾位苇蟺蔚蟿蔚 纬喂伪 伪蠀蟿蠈谓 魏伪喂 慰喂 蟺喂慰 未蠀谓伪蟿慰委 胃蠈蟻蠀尾慰喂 蟿慰蠀 蟺蟻蠅喂谓慰蠉 萎蟿伪谓 蟺喂慰 蟽喂蠅蟺畏位慰委 伪蟺蠈 慰蟿喂 蔚委谓伪喂 纬喂伪 渭伪蟼 畏 蟽喂纬伪位喂维 蟿畏蟼 谓蠉蠂蟿伪蟼..").
螣 Turgenev 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 魏蠀蟻喂蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺伪蟻蠈谓 蟿慰蠀 (蠂伪渭蠈蟼 蟿慰蠀 螕魏蠈纬魏慰位, 蠁蠀位伪魏萎) 魏伪喂 蔚蟺畏蟻蔚伪蟽渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 蟺伪蟻蔚位胃蠈谓 蟿慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿喂蟼 伪谓伪蠁慰蟻苇蟼 蟿慰蠀 (伪蠀蟿伪蟻蠂喂魏萎 渭畏蟿苇蟻伪, 蟽蠀谓胃萎魏蔚蟼 味蠅萎蟼 渭慰蠀味喂魏蠅谓) 纬蟻维蠁蔚喂 蟿畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠀 魏伪喂 伪蠁萎谓蔚喂 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 伪谓畏蟽蠀蠂喂蔚蟼 蟿慰蠀 谓伪 蟿慰谓 魏伪胃慰未畏纬畏蟽慰蠀谓.
韦慰 蟿苇位慰蟼 蟿慰蠀 尾喂尾位委慰蠀 伪蠁萎谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰谓 蔚魏维蟽蟿慰蟿蔚 伪谓伪纬谓蠋蟽蟿畏 谓伪 尾纬维位蔚喂 蟿伪 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻维蟽渭伪蟿维 蟿慰蠀 伪魏慰位慰蠀胃蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蟿慰谓 萎蠂慰 伪蟺 蟿伪 尾萎渭伪蟿伪 蟿慰蠀 螕蔚蟻维蟽喂渭慰蠀.
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October 11, 2020
Quantas feridas um homem pode suportar.?
Guer谩ssim , mudo e surdo de nascen莽a, foi tirado de junto de sua fam铆lia, foi mandado para Moscou para servir como porteiro na casa de uma velha senhora. Era forte e robusto, trabalhava por 4 pessoas. Apesar de um car谩ter extraordin谩rio, tinha suas dificuldades por ser mudo e surdo. Uma criatura s贸lida do ponto de vista moral, mas limitado em intelig锚ncia e saber.
Apesar de n茫o se relacionar bem com as pessoas, ele se apega a uma cachorrinha que ele salvou no rio , presa no lodo, a qual ele chamou de MuMu.
A partir da铆 toda a hist贸ria gira em torno, desse gigante robusto, e desse ser fr谩gil.
Olha, 听qualquer um que tenha um cora莽茫o ir谩 se emocionar com essa hist贸ria.
Ivan Turgu锚niev na pessoa de Guer谩ssim, critica 听o modo como os camponeses eram tratados, em que condi莽玫es vivam , a que eram se submetidos na R煤ssia Czarista.
Um conto muito triste, que com certeza n茫o te deixar谩 feliz, mas vai fazer voc锚 analisar , pensar nas desigualdades e injusti莽as que sempre estiveram presentes nesse mundo.
Guer谩ssim , mudo e surdo de nascen莽a, foi tirado de junto de sua fam铆lia, foi mandado para Moscou para servir como porteiro na casa de uma velha senhora. Era forte e robusto, trabalhava por 4 pessoas. Apesar de um car谩ter extraordin谩rio, tinha suas dificuldades por ser mudo e surdo. Uma criatura s贸lida do ponto de vista moral, mas limitado em intelig锚ncia e saber.
Apesar de n茫o se relacionar bem com as pessoas, ele se apega a uma cachorrinha que ele salvou no rio , presa no lodo, a qual ele chamou de MuMu.
A partir da铆 toda a hist贸ria gira em torno, desse gigante robusto, e desse ser fr谩gil.
Olha, 听qualquer um que tenha um cora莽茫o ir谩 se emocionar com essa hist贸ria.
Ivan Turgu锚niev na pessoa de Guer谩ssim, critica 听o modo como os camponeses eram tratados, em que condi莽玫es vivam , a que eram se submetidos na R煤ssia Czarista.
Um conto muito triste, que com certeza n茫o te deixar谩 feliz, mas vai fazer voc锚 analisar , pensar nas desigualdades e injusti莽as que sempre estiveram presentes nesse mundo.
June 27, 2023
鈾ワ笍鈾ワ笍鈾ワ笍鈾ワ笍韦伪 尾喂尾位委伪 渭蔚 蟺蟻蠅蟿伪纬蠅谓喂蟽蟿苇蟼 味蠋伪 蔚委蠂伪谓 魏伪喂 苇蠂慰蠀谓 蟺维谓蟿伪 渭喂伪 尉蔚蠂蠅蟻喂蟽蟿萎 胃苇蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 魏伪蟻未喂维 渭慰蠀. 螆谓伪 伪蟺蠈 伪蠀蟿维 蟿伪 味蠋伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺位苇慰谓 魏伪喂 畏 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉. 螆谓伪 维魏蟻蠅蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺喂谓慰, 蟽蠀纬魏喂谓畏蟿喂魏蠈 魏伪喂 未喂未伪魏蟿喂魏蠈 伪谓维纬谓蠅蟽渭伪 蟺慰蠀 魏蔚蟻未委味蔚喂 蔚蟺维尉喂伪 4 蠀蟺苇蟻位伪渭蟺蟻伪 伪蟽蟿蔚蟻维魏喂伪!!!
January 5, 2015
A deaf-mute and a stray dog. This being written by a russian, you know the ending is going to be sad.
September 21, 2023
Until the last word of this book, I hoped it would have a happy ending. That things will shift, and goodness will win. That the fair will be given fairness.
If you are familiar with classic Russian authors, that's a silly hope to have.
It's a story that revolves around Gerasim, a very-tall, hardworking serf. Although the serf is mute, everyone respects him due to his unusual strength ("he did the work of four men"), cleanliness, and high moral principles.
The only thing that, at moments, stops Gerasim from working is Tatiana. A serf of the same mistress, Tatiana is a painfully shy laundress who does her duties faithfully and never dares to speak to anyone. Growing up without affection, she finds the attention from Gerasim equally lovely and terrifying.
Mumu, the book's name, refers to the dog Gerasim saves from dying. Similarly to Tatiana, it is a creature that brightens Gerasim's days. And, similarly to Tatiana, something he cannot have.
I highly recommend it.
If you are familiar with classic Russian authors, that's a silly hope to have.
It's a story that revolves around Gerasim, a very-tall, hardworking serf. Although the serf is mute, everyone respects him due to his unusual strength ("he did the work of four men"), cleanliness, and high moral principles.
The only thing that, at moments, stops Gerasim from working is Tatiana. A serf of the same mistress, Tatiana is a painfully shy laundress who does her duties faithfully and never dares to speak to anyone. Growing up without affection, she finds the attention from Gerasim equally lovely and terrifying.
Mumu, the book's name, refers to the dog Gerasim saves from dying. Similarly to Tatiana, it is a creature that brightens Gerasim's days. And, similarly to Tatiana, something he cannot have.
I highly recommend it.
March 31, 2023
Dopo aver letto "Memorie di un Cacciatore", adesso questa breve antologia di tre racconti dello stesso autore mi ha riavvicinato all'atmosfera della campagna russa dell'ottocento con i suoi spazi sterminati, i suoi cieli cangianti, la brava gente delle propriet脿 terriere dei nobili e alla poetica scrittura di questo grande scrittore. Un ottimo libro per chiudere in bellezza le letture del 2022.
June 15, 2020
螠喂伪 纬位蠀魏喂维 蟽魏蠀位委蟿蟽伪, 魏伪蟿蔚尉慰蠂萎谓 蟽蠉渭尾慰位慰 伪胃蠅蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 魏喂 伪纬维蟺畏蟼 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 伪谓蟿伪位位维纬渭伪蟿伪, 纬委谓蔚蟿伪喂 蟿慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈 蟺位维蟽渭伪 蟺慰蠀 伪纬维蟺畏蟽蔚 蟿慰 螕魏蔚蟻伪蟽委渭, 苇谓伪 纬喂纬伪谓蟿蠈蟽蠅渭慰, 魏伪位慰魏维纬伪胃慰 渭慰蠀味委魏慰. 螘委谓伪喂 魏蠅蠁维位伪位慰蟼 魏伪喂 螠慰蠀渭慰蠉 蔚委谓伪喂 慰 渭慰谓伪未喂魏蠈蟼 萎蠂慰蟼 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻蔚委 谓伪 蟺蟻慰蠁苇蟻蔚喂.
螛伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽蔚 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻蠈 蟺伪蟻伪渭蠉胃喂, 蟿慰 蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈 渭喂伪蟼 蠈渭慰蟻蠁畏蟼 蠁喂位委伪蟼, 蟽蟿伪 蠂苇蟻喂伪 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟿慰蠀 Turgenyev 纬委谓蔚蟿伪喂 苇谓伪 未蠀谓伪蟿蠈 未喂萎纬畏渭伪 - 魏伪蟿伪纬纬蔚位委伪 纬喂伪 蠈位慰蠀蟼 蔚魏蔚委谓慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪未蠉谓伪渭慰蠀蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 苇蠂慰蠀谓 未喂魏伪委蠅渭伪 位蠈纬慰蠀, 蔚委谓伪喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 魏伪位慰委 纬喂伪 谓伪 魏维谓慰蠀谓 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 未慰蠀位蔚喂苇蟼.
螣喂 蟺伪蟻伪位位畏位喂蟽渭慰委 渭蔚 蟿慰 蔚委谓伪喂 谓慰渭委味蠅 蔚渭蠁伪谓蔚委蟼.
螕喂伪 维位位畏 渭喂伪 蠁慰蟻维 未畏位蠋谓蠅 纬慰畏蟿蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 巍蠋蟽喂魏畏 蟽蠂慰位萎. 5/5 魏伪喂 萎未畏 伪纬伪蟺畏渭苇谓慰.
螛伪 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉蟽蔚 谓伪 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 蟿蟻蠀蠁蔚蟻蠈 蟺伪蟻伪渭蠉胃喂, 蟿慰 蠂蟻慰谓喂魏蠈 渭喂伪蟼 蠈渭慰蟻蠁畏蟼 蠁喂位委伪蟼, 蟽蟿伪 蠂苇蟻喂伪 蠈渭蠅蟼 蟿慰蠀 Turgenyev 纬委谓蔚蟿伪喂 苇谓伪 未蠀谓伪蟿蠈 未喂萎纬畏渭伪 - 魏伪蟿伪纬纬蔚位委伪 纬喂伪 蠈位慰蠀蟼 蔚魏蔚委谓慰蠀蟼 蟿慰蠀蟼 伪未蠉谓伪渭慰蠀蟼 伪谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀蟼 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 苇蠂慰蠀谓 未喂魏伪委蠅渭伪 位蠈纬慰蠀, 蔚委谓伪喂 蠈渭蠅蟼 魏伪位慰委 纬喂伪 谓伪 魏维谓慰蠀谓 蠈位蔚蟼 蟿喂蟼 未慰蠀位蔚喂苇蟼.
螣喂 蟺伪蟻伪位位畏位喂蟽渭慰委 渭蔚 蟿慰 蔚委谓伪喂 谓慰渭委味蠅 蔚渭蠁伪谓蔚委蟼.
螕喂伪 维位位畏 渭喂伪 蠁慰蟻维 未畏位蠋谓蠅 纬慰畏蟿蔚蠀渭苇谓慰蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 巍蠋蟽喂魏畏 蟽蠂慰位萎. 5/5 魏伪喂 萎未畏 伪纬伪蟺畏渭苇谓慰.
September 11, 2016
I'm just sitting here feeling empty. Such is the power of Turgenev's exquisite prose. I will not forget this story for a long time. Masterful but sad.
March 6, 2019
Turgenyev'in 莽ok ac谋kl谋 bir konusu olan 枚yk眉s眉. Ger莽ek bir olay谋 konu ediniyor.
Okudu臒um Kitaplar: 陌van Turgenyev - Mumu
脰yk眉yle ilgili yaz谋m:
Okudu臒um Kitaplar: 陌van Turgenyev - Mumu
脰yk眉yle ilgili yaz谋m:
June 12, 2024
陌van Turgenyev benim akl谋mda 艧air olarak yer edindi臒i i莽in uzak durdu臒um bir yazard谋.
Avc谋n谋n Notlar谋 yazarla tan谋艧ma kitab谋m olur diyordum fakat okudu臒um bir kitapta Mumu鈥檇an bahsedilmesiyle i艧ler de臒i艧ti.
Mumu ad谋n谋 i莽indeki 枚yk眉den alan 陌van Turgenyev鈥檌n 1846-1883 y谋llar谋 aras谋nda yazd谋臒谋 alt谋 枚yk眉den olu艧an bir kitap. Alt谋 枚yk眉n眉n alt谋s谋n谋 ayr谋 ayr谋 sevmekle beraber ger莽ekten yazara hayran oldum. Neyini sevdi臒imi tam ifade edemeyecekmi艧 gibi hissetti臒im bir kitap oldu. Ama Rus edebiyat谋n谋 seviyorsan谋z bu kitab谋 sevmeme olas谋l谋臒谋n谋z yok diyebilirim. 脰yk眉ler y谋llara g枚re yaz谋lma s谋ras谋yla kitapta yer al谋yor. Ve her birinde atmosfer, karakterler o kadar doyurucu bir ritimde ki 枚yk眉 gibi de臒il her biri bir roman gibi hissettirdi okurken.
Kitab谋n arka kapak k谋sm谋nda 莽evirmenin bir yaz谋s谋 var ve orada 鈥淢umu鈥檇an ba艧ka hi莽bir 艧ey yazm谋艧 olmasayd谋 bile Turgenyev, gene de b眉y眉k bir yazar olarak kal谋rd谋.鈥� yaz谋yor. San谋r谋m buna fazlas谋yla kat谋l谋yorum. Bir yandan da Helikopter yay谋nlar谋n谋n 莽ok kaliteli bas谋m谋yla kitap okuman谋n zevkini katlad谋臒谋n谋 atlamamam laz谋m. 脟ok kolayl谋kla okunmas谋 gereken kitaplardan biri diyerek tavsiye edebilirim.
Avc谋n谋n Notlar谋 yazarla tan谋艧ma kitab谋m olur diyordum fakat okudu臒um bir kitapta Mumu鈥檇an bahsedilmesiyle i艧ler de臒i艧ti.
Mumu ad谋n谋 i莽indeki 枚yk眉den alan 陌van Turgenyev鈥檌n 1846-1883 y谋llar谋 aras谋nda yazd谋臒谋 alt谋 枚yk眉den olu艧an bir kitap. Alt谋 枚yk眉n眉n alt谋s谋n谋 ayr谋 ayr谋 sevmekle beraber ger莽ekten yazara hayran oldum. Neyini sevdi臒imi tam ifade edemeyecekmi艧 gibi hissetti臒im bir kitap oldu. Ama Rus edebiyat谋n谋 seviyorsan谋z bu kitab谋 sevmeme olas谋l谋臒谋n谋z yok diyebilirim. 脰yk眉ler y谋llara g枚re yaz谋lma s谋ras谋yla kitapta yer al谋yor. Ve her birinde atmosfer, karakterler o kadar doyurucu bir ritimde ki 枚yk眉 gibi de臒il her biri bir roman gibi hissettirdi okurken.
Kitab谋n arka kapak k谋sm谋nda 莽evirmenin bir yaz谋s谋 var ve orada 鈥淢umu鈥檇an ba艧ka hi莽bir 艧ey yazm谋艧 olmasayd谋 bile Turgenyev, gene de b眉y眉k bir yazar olarak kal谋rd谋.鈥� yaz谋yor. San谋r谋m buna fazlas谋yla kat谋l谋yorum. Bir yandan da Helikopter yay谋nlar谋n谋n 莽ok kaliteli bas谋m谋yla kitap okuman谋n zevkini katlad谋臒谋n谋 atlamamam laz谋m. 脟ok kolayl谋kla okunmas谋 gereken kitaplardan biri diyerek tavsiye edebilirim.
July 7, 2020
螆谓伪 位喂蟿蠈, 蟽蠀纬魏喂谓畏蟿喂魏蠈 未喂萎纬畏渭伪.
April 21, 2017
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March 24, 2023
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唳栢唳 唳唳班唳膏唰嵿Π唰囙唳苦啷�
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唳栢唳 唳唳班唳膏唰嵿Π唰囙唳苦啷�
December 3, 2024
Frau Kuzminykh hatte Recht, ich hab geheult.
November 30, 2016
2.5 stars.Turgenev was a writer I loved and admired in my early-20s for his tales of unrequited love, emotional atmosphere, and Germanic-influenced style. I decided to return to his writing now that I'm reaching middle age, starting with "Mumu," and I quickly found myself perhaps too cynical to accept many of those same characteristics that drew me to his writing as a younger man. We have a lovelorn deaf-mute. An oppressive caste system. An abandoned dog. It has all the markings of a Hallmark Hall of Fame movie. It's not that I reacted negatively to the emotionally manipulative elements; I just didn't really react at all. It felt too contrived. Was this an isolated trait of one Turgenev tale, or was this the norm for the Turgenev that I loved when I was 23? I'm not sure. I'd need to read more -- and perhaps reread some of his work -- to figure out if I may have fallen away from Turgenev's writing, or if this was just a one-off occurrence.
November 3, 2016
Well, though I couldn't get much into the psyche of the mute,or get into any of the characters,still,the best part of the story was the relationship between the mute and his dog Muma.There was a touching moment when he looked into the puppy's eyes for the last time. The beauty (or sadness?) of that scene lies in the fact that the poor dog didn't have any clue about what was going to happen...who knows of what the poor puppy thought,and why there was a look of trust in his eyes...the puppy trusted the mute till the very end...some may laugh and say: "it's just a stupid dog,it can't feel." Well,this story proved that claim wrong.
In the end I must say I am content with it (Turgenev's style of writing especially) since it's my first foray into Turgenev,so I'll definitely check out some of his other works =))
In the end I must say I am content with it (Turgenev's style of writing especially) since it's my first foray into Turgenev,so I'll definitely check out some of his other works =))
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
July 11, 2023
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唳ㄠΘ唰€ 唳唳唳曕唳� 唳呧Θ唰佮Μ唳距Ζ唰� 唳Α唳监唳涏 "唳唳"啷ぬ� 唳Π唳距Μ唳班唳� 唳Δ唰嬥 唳澿Π唳澿Π唰� 唳膏唳Σ唰€唳� 唳呧Θ唰佮Μ唳距Ζ啷� 唳 唳熰 唳曕 唰� 唳む唳班 唳� 唳︵唳む唳�,唳Ζ唳� 唳椸唳班唳膏唳� 唳呧Δ唳苦Π唳苦唰嵿Δ 唳︵唳唳唳苦Δ唰嵿Μ唳多唳侧Δ唳� 唳Π唳苦唳 唳ㄠ 唳︵唳栢唳唰� 唳唳 唳曕 唳む唳� 唳膏唳ム 唳ㄠ唳唰� 唳嗋Ω唳む啷�
February 13, 2022
Pity the serfs in their silent isolation.
May 27, 2018
This story made me cry! The 欧宝娱乐 description says it is about the poverty and brutality of serfdom, but I didn't see anything like that in the story.
While Gerasim, as a serf, is not rich, he lives in comfortable enough circumstances and does not want for any material necessity, and neither do his fellow serfs, whether in the country or city. Rather, Gerasim's problem is isolation and loneliness, brought about by his disability as a deaf-mute and the indifference of those around him, whether serf or free.
The laundress he courts does not return his affection, and it's only after she has spent a few years married to a drunk does she learn something: There's a difference between a man who tries, however awkwardly, to earn her affection and one to whom she has merely been given as an unsuccessful means to cure bad behavior. Big difference.
Gerasim's affection is only welcomed and returned with joy when he rescues a little dog named Mumu. She is the apple of his eye, his faithful shadow, his sole consolation in this life. She's the only one who appreciates him. An ill timed bark and momentary irritation from the old lady (mistress of the house), however, is enough to lead to Gerasim being forced to give her up too, in the most heart wrenching and irrevocable of ways, on top of everything else he's already given up.
The old lady is not a cruel or malicious woman; she is just thoughtless and self centered. She has been so long accustomed to her serfs' following orders, satisfying her wants that she has ceased to think of them as people. To her they're instruments. By the end of the story, she is surprised to find herself in the same spot as King David was, accused of taking away Uriah's one ewe lamb. (King David was surprised too).
Even the other serfs, who know perfectly well what Mumu means to Gerasim, and how capricious their mistress is, fail him. They could have pleaded his case to her or just helped him keep the dog out of her way until she was in a better mood. Instead, her word is law and they obey without question. They don't put themselves in Gerasim's place any more than she does, and putting themselves out for his sake even a little bit doesn't occur to them.
I can see how this story was good for consciousness raising among the Russian nobility of Turgenev's day toward the serfs. But its lessons still apply to our own time--we modern people who use legality as an excuse to dispense with morality, who are becoming accustomed to think of each other in a utilitarian way as instruments rather than as persons.
While Gerasim, as a serf, is not rich, he lives in comfortable enough circumstances and does not want for any material necessity, and neither do his fellow serfs, whether in the country or city. Rather, Gerasim's problem is isolation and loneliness, brought about by his disability as a deaf-mute and the indifference of those around him, whether serf or free.
The laundress he courts does not return his affection, and it's only after she has spent a few years married to a drunk does she learn something: There's a difference between a man who tries, however awkwardly, to earn her affection and one to whom she has merely been given as an unsuccessful means to cure bad behavior. Big difference.
Gerasim's affection is only welcomed and returned with joy when he rescues a little dog named Mumu. She is the apple of his eye, his faithful shadow, his sole consolation in this life. She's the only one who appreciates him. An ill timed bark and momentary irritation from the old lady (mistress of the house), however, is enough to lead to Gerasim being forced to give her up too, in the most heart wrenching and irrevocable of ways, on top of everything else he's already given up.
The old lady is not a cruel or malicious woman; she is just thoughtless and self centered. She has been so long accustomed to her serfs' following orders, satisfying her wants that she has ceased to think of them as people. To her they're instruments. By the end of the story, she is surprised to find herself in the same spot as King David was, accused of taking away Uriah's one ewe lamb. (King David was surprised too).
Even the other serfs, who know perfectly well what Mumu means to Gerasim, and how capricious their mistress is, fail him. They could have pleaded his case to her or just helped him keep the dog out of her way until she was in a better mood. Instead, her word is law and they obey without question. They don't put themselves in Gerasim's place any more than she does, and putting themselves out for his sake even a little bit doesn't occur to them.
I can see how this story was good for consciousness raising among the Russian nobility of Turgenev's day toward the serfs. But its lessons still apply to our own time--we modern people who use legality as an excuse to dispense with morality, who are becoming accustomed to think of each other in a utilitarian way as instruments rather than as persons.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
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