Few authors have had such a dramatic effect as Bertolt Brecht. His work has helped to shape a generation of writers, theatergoers, and thinkers. His plays are studied worldwide as texts that changed the face of theater. The Caucasian Chalk Circle is a parable inspired by the Chinese play Chalk Circle. Written at the close of World War II, the story is set in the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia. It retells the tale of King Solomon and a child claimed by and fought over by two mothers. But this chalk circle is metaphorically drawn around a society misdirected in its priorities. Brecht's statements about class are cloaked in the innocence of a fable that whispers insistently to the audience.
No translations of Brecht's work are as reliable and compelling as Eric Bentley's. These versions are widely viewed as the standard renderings of Brecht's work, ensuring that future generations of readers will come in close contact with the work of a playwright who introduced a new way of thinking about the theater.
Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director. A seminal theatre practitioner of the twentieth century, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and theatrical production, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble鈥攖he post-war theatre company operated by Brecht and his wife and long-time collaborator, the actress Helene Weigel鈥攚ith its internationally acclaimed productions.
From his late twenties Brecht remained a life-long committed Marxist who, in developing the combined theory and practice of his 'epic theatre', synthesized and extended the experiments of Piscator and Meyerhold to explore the theatre as a forum for political ideas and the creation of a critical aesthetics of dialectical materialism. Brecht's modernist concern with drama-as-a-medium led to his refinement of the 'epic form' of the drama (which constitutes that medium's rendering of 'autonomization' or the 'non-organic work of art'鈥攔elated in kind to the strategy of divergent chapters in Joyce's novel Ulysses, to Eisenstein's evolution of a constructivist 'montage' in the cinema, and to Picasso's introduction of cubist 'collage' in the visual arts). In contrast to many other avant-garde approaches, however, Brecht had no desire to destroy art as an institution; rather, he hoped to 're-function' the apparatus of theatrical production to a new social use. In this regard he was a vital participant in the aesthetic debates of his era鈥攑articularly over the 'high art/popular culture' dichotomy鈥攙ying with the likes of Adorno, Luk谩cs, Bloch, and developing a close friendship with Benjamin. Brechtian theatre articulated popular themes and forms with avant-garde formal experimentation to create a modernist realism that stood in sharp contrast both to its psychological and socialist varieties. "Brecht's work is the most important and original in European drama since Ibsen and Strindberg," Raymond Williams argues, while Peter B眉rger insists that he is "the most important materialist writer of our time."
As Jameson among others has stressed, "Brecht is also 鈥楤recht鈥�"鈥攃ollective and collaborative working methods were inherent to his approach. This 'Brecht' was a collective subject that "certainly seemed to have a distinctive style (the one we now call 'Brechtian') but was no longer personal in the bourgeois or individualistic sense." During the course of his career, Brecht sustained many long-lasting creative relationships with other writers, composers, scenographers, directors, dramaturgs and actors; the list includes: Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Ruth Berlau, Slatan Dudow, Kurt Weill, Hanns Eisler, Paul Dessau, Caspar Neher, Teo Otto, Karl von Appen, Ernst Busch, Lotte Lenya, Peter Lorre, Therese Giehse, Angelika Hurwicz, and Helene Weigel herself. This is "theatre as collective experiment [...] as something radically different from theatre as expression or as experience."
There are few areas of modern theatrical culture that have not felt the impact or influence of Brecht's ideas and practices; dramatists and directors in whom one may trace a clear Brechtian legacy include: Dario Fo, Augusto Boal, Joan Littlewood, Peter Brook, Peter Weiss, Heiner M眉ller, Pina Bausch, Tony Kushner and Caryl Churchill. In addition to the theatre, Brechtian theories and techniques have exerted considerable sway over certain strands of film theory and cinematic practice; Brecht's influence may be detected in the films of Joseph Losey, Jean-Luc Godard, Lindsay Anderson, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Nagisa Oshima, Ritwik Ghatak, Lars von Trier, Jan Bucquoy and Hal Hartley.
During the war years, Brecht became a prominent writer of the Exilliteratur. He expressed his opposition to the National Socialist and Fascist movements in his most famous plays.
Der Kaukasische Kreidekreis = The Caucsian Chalk Circle, Bertolt Brecht
The Caucasian Chalk Circle is a play by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht. An example of Brecht's epic theater, the play is a parable about a peasant girl who rescues a baby and becomes a better mother than its wealthy natural parents. The play was written in 1944 while Brecht was living in the United States.
Society continually punishes its rugged individualists by isolating them in an exclusionary Magical Chalk Circle!
***
I remember the Summer of 1964 when Dad's friend and colleague at the University of Minnesota, Dr. Rufus Lumery, took me along with his wife and daughter to see this play at the Tyrone Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis.
The stage was stark and bare, under bright lighting, and marked my first encounter with this German Marxist writer who thought he Had It All Figured Out. Caught up in the tricky dialogue, I thought I could see how he did it.
(It was only, according to W.H. Auden, his Pig Headedness.)
But I aspired to such certainty too - pig headed or not. I became counter cultural after that, garnering two prizes at university in my English major for my own Pig Headedness.
And so, as you may have guessed - in 1970 I finally saw certainty - and ran from it.
It's like the old Army joke: I'll give you the classified data on why we're doing this, but I'll have to kill you afterwards.
Auden was right all along. The Secret of a guy's coming of age is only his Pig Headedness after all.
I was isolated and rendered docile after that, my head swimming in tranquilized confusion, as I have long since remained.
***
I could Never take my Hard Knocks. They hurt too much.
Such is life for a supersensitive Aspie.
My key to figuring it out was a no-brainer, but I had always noticed it was marked it Off Limits to me.
Know why?
For us Aspies that key only opened the door into The Land of Lost Innocence.
But look - a little beyond that, was Freedom.
The freedom of Life Outside the Magic Exclusionary Chalk Circle...
When the sharks the sharks devour Little fishes have their hour.
This might be the Master at his finest, remarkably both modern and ancient, timeless parables are bracketed in the struggle against fascists with an all too human squalor that likely made Stalin squeal.
The play within the play is apparently from an ancient Chinese tale, it proved unexpectedly surprising. Grusha is a wonderful, highly developed protagonist, unlike the Portia of Venice, her motivation isn't guile but an almost childish concept of loyalty and justice. No doubt Brecht embraced this unlikely refuge even as the world around him was collapsing into barbarism. The title refers to the Chinese story of a judge placing a child in a chalked circle and the two women claiming to be the mother are asked to remove the child, the nominal reason being that only the true parent could extricate the young one. As the reasoning goes the judge awards the child to the woman who didn't attempt to remove the child for fear of harming it. This is replicated by Brecht with certain human caveats about the stewards of justice and the greasing of palms.
Bertolt Brecht considered himself to be a great author which is not terribly surprising as most people are at least partially self-delusion. What is more surprising is how many people agreed with Brecht's high opinion of himself during the middle decades of the Twentieth Century.
In fact Brecht had a wicked sense of humour and a great instincts on how to use the space on the stage to best effect. As a result he produced a number of highly entertaining plays that had audiences laughing in the four corners of the world.
The Caucasian Chalk Circle is an amusing fairy tale set in the Georgian Caucasus about the judgements rendered by the village idiot that an invading army has installed as a magistrate as a joke. Not too surprisingly the village idiot proves to an excellent judge during his very short term.
If properly staged, the Caucasian Chalk Circle is extremely funny and offers a great evening at the theatre. You might want to consider taking in a performance if the opportunity ever presents itself.
This is another one I performed during my years as a drama geek. To be honest, I think I was too young to appreciate Brecht's work properly.
You have to comprehend symbolism, or this all ends up kind of dull. The whole story of the mums fighting over the kids is interesting but short, while the rest of the play is a comment on society.
I'd have to go back to give a worthy review, but it honestly just didn't interest me enough.
Perhaps the best Brecht play I have read so far (though they have all been good). There is something particularly engaging about the two main characters, Grusha and Azdak. Although the message of the play is supposedly very straightforwardly "Socialist" I always feel that Brecht is never quite so obviously simple as that. The writing is amazing and the songs always add to the impetus rather than detract from it.
Tackling a Brecht script takes a lot of patience and time! His writing is complex and fluid and yet the embedded symbolism takes time to unravel and reflect on!
This is one play I would love to see on the stage!
TWs: Abuse, classism, alcoholicism, mention of r*pe, r*pe threats, violence
It's a classic and a play so there's not much to say other than the fact that I thoroughly enjoyed it. I recommend it for fans of shorter classics, especially if you want to eat the rich.
I saw a production of this but I have not read it yet. Brecht's ideas are abstract and they kept me wondering about the fairy-tale like quality. Grusha, a servant working for a snobbish aristocratic woman (Natella), cares for the child (Michael) who Natella left behind. Grusha is selfless and she gives everything she can to him. When the case is brought to court with the judge named Azdak, the chalk circle is drawn to put the child in. Brecht's ideas intrigued me here. Grusha and Natella are asked to pull at him to see who is the real mother. Grusha is the true mother because she could not bear to hurt the child she raised and cared for. This play is not about emotions. It is supposed to be unsentimental. I liked it for its historical context and its ideas, because it was meaningful. The play was originally written in German and it premiered in the United States in 1948.
This book is really hard to understand because the language of this book is really complicate. But after reading this book twice it made this book a lot easier to understand. This book uses really hard words and some words are not even in English. I really enjoy the prologue. I really like how it foreshadows the story.
Es scheint als wurde der Herr Brecht in seinem Alter ein bisschen "gef眉hlsduselig" Aber sonst immer noch Alles beim Alten: alle Geschehen sind noch sch枚n im lieben Marxismuskleid eingepackt. (inkl. Songs und St眉ck im St眉ck Parabel)
I finished reading this a couple weeks ago for my Theatre class and yes, it's that genius Brecht whom everyone has heard of yet no one quite understands. Brecht's works and techniques aiming to completely and utterly emotionally isolate the audience of his plays create confusion as to how the characters should act or whether they should act at all and they SHOULD. The Caucasian Chalk Cirle threads together two conflicts regarding the ownership of farmed land after the second world war, and uses sly morals to show how power drives people to do insane things as in the ancient Chinese tale "The Circle of Chalk" (Brecht's plays usually used ideas from ancient fables). By confusing you with things like having the characters refer to themselves in third person, the sudden gestures and expressions (gestus), Brecht truly accomplishes a state of uneasiness, making the reader (audience, better put) question what they're seeing and encouraging a thought process that evaluates the nature of our system. This man is suave af.
I once acted in a powerful production of Brecht's satirical masterpiece in, of all places, Kampala, Uganda
I suppose the play can be summarised as follows: The city burns in the heat of civil war and a servant girl sacrifices everything to protect an abandoned child. But when peace is finally restored, the boy's mother comes to claim him. Calling upon the ancient tradition of the Chalk Circle, a comical judge sets about resolving the dispute. But in a culture of corruption and deception, who wins?
Well, you can probably guess the ending and I won't spoil it for you. It is a brilliant play and when performed in a country as corrupt as Uganda was in 1965/66 and at a time of civil war it becomes even more poignant!!!!!!!!!!
I really hope everyone who reads/sees this play understands its meaning because it鈥檚 so profound and therefore important. In conclusion: is the mother of its child its biological mother that abandoned it or the woman who gave up her life to raise this child. But this is just the used metaphor for a more important question raised at the beginning: who should get the land? The ones who claim that it has been their own for many centuries, or the ones who could use it to benefit everyone.
Taking place right after WWII, in the Caucasus region, but most of it actually being told as a story within the play (which is set a few centuries in the past?). While the actual play is inspired by an old chinese drama.