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Politics of Place #1
丿乇 丕爻丕乇鬲 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕貨 丿賴 賳賯卮賴 讴賴 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丌賲賵禺鬲賳蹖鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 爻蹖丕爻鬲 噩賴丕賳蹖 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�
賴賲賴鈥屸€屰� 乇賴亘乇丕賳 丿乇 丨氐丕乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 丕爻蹖乇賳丿. 讴賵賴鈥屸€屬囏ж� 乇賵丿禺丕賳賴鈥屸€屬囏ж� 丿乇蹖丕賴丕 賵 卮賳 賵 賲丕爻賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘鈥屸€屬囏й屫簇з� 乇丕 賲丨丿賵丿 賲蹖鈥屸€屭┵嗀�. 亘賱賴貙 亘乇丕蹖 丌賳 讴賴 亘鬲賵丕賳蹖丿 乇賵蹖丿丕丿賴丕蹖 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇丕 倬蹖诏蹖乇蹖 讴賳蹖丿 亘丕蹖丿 賲乇丿賲貙 丕賳丿蹖卮賴鈥屸€屬囏ж� 賵 丨乇讴丕鬲 乇丕 丿乇讴 讴賳蹖丿鈥斬з呚� 丕诏乇 亘丕 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 丌卮賳丕 賳亘丕卮蹖丿貙 賴乇诏夭 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴丕賲賱蹖 賳禺賵丕賴蹖丿 丿丕卮鬲.
丕诏乇 亘丕 禺賵丿 賮讴乇 讴乇丿賴鈥屸€屫й屫� 讴賴 趩乇丕 匕賴賳 倬賵鬲蹖賳 丕蹖賳鈥屸€屬傌� 賲卮睾賵賱 讴乇蹖賲賴 丕爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 鬲賯丿蹖乇 丌賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屸€屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 蹖讴 丕亘乇賯丿乇鬲 噩賴丕賳蹖 卮賵丿貙 蹖丕 趩乇丕 倬丕蹖诏丕賴鈥屸€屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲 趩蹖賳 丿乇 丨丕賱 诏爻鬲乇卮 丕爻鬲貙 倬丕爻禺 倬乇爻卮鈥屸€屬囏й屫з� 丕蹖賳鈥屸€屫ж池�.
丿乇 丕爻丕乇鬲 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 亘賴 诏匕卮鬲賴貙 丨丕賱 賵 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屸€屬嗂必� 鬲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 乇賵卮賳 丕夭 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓賵丕賲賱 鬲毓蹖蹖賳鈥屸€屭┵嗁嗀団€屸€屰� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕乇丕卅賴 丿賴丿. 賵賯鬲 丌賳 乇爻蹖丿賴 讴賴 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴 芦跇卅賵禄 丿乇 跇卅賵倬賱蹖鬲蹖讴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賴蹖賲.
丕诏乇 亘丕 禺賵丿 賮讴乇 讴乇丿賴鈥屸€屫й屫� 讴賴 趩乇丕 匕賴賳 倬賵鬲蹖賳 丕蹖賳鈥屸€屬傌� 賲卮睾賵賱 讴乇蹖賲賴 丕爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 鬲賯丿蹖乇 丌賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屸€屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 蹖讴 丕亘乇賯丿乇鬲 噩賴丕賳蹖 卮賵丿貙 蹖丕 趩乇丕 倬丕蹖诏丕賴鈥屸€屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲 趩蹖賳 丿乇 丨丕賱 诏爻鬲乇卮 丕爻鬲貙 倬丕爻禺 倬乇爻卮鈥屸€屬囏й屫з� 丕蹖賳鈥屸€屫ж池�.
丿乇 丕爻丕乇鬲 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 亘賴 诏匕卮鬲賴貙 丨丕賱 賵 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屸€屬嗂必� 鬲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 乇賵卮賳 丕夭 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓賵丕賲賱 鬲毓蹖蹖賳鈥屸€屭┵嗁嗀団€屸€屰� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 丕乇丕卅賴 丿賴丿. 賵賯鬲 丌賳 乇爻蹖丿賴 讴賴 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴 芦跇卅賵禄 丿乇 跇卅賵倬賱蹖鬲蹖讴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿賴蹖賲.
346 pages, Paperback
First published July 9, 2015
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About the author
Tim Marshall
23听books2,404听followersLibrarian Note: There is more than one author in the 欧宝娱乐 database with this name.
Tim Marshall was Diplomatic Editor and foreign correspondent for Sky News. After thirty years' experience in news reporting and presenting, he left full time news journalism to concentrate on writing and analysis.
Originally from Leeds, Tim arrived at broadcasting from the road less traveled. Not a media studies or journalism graduate, in fact not a graduate at all, after a wholly unsuccessful career as a painter and decorator he worked his way through newsroom nightshifts, and unpaid stints as a researcher and runner before eventually securing himself a foothold on the first rung of the broadcasting career ladder.
After three years as IRN's Paris correspondent and extensive work for BBC radio and TV, Tim joined Sky News. Reporting from Europe, the USA and Asia, Tim became Middle East Correspondent based in Jerusalem.
Tim also reported in the field from Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia during the Balkan wars of the 1990s. He spent the majority of the 1999 Kosovo crisis in Belgrade, where he was one of the few western journalists who stayed on to report from one of the main targets of NATO bombing raids. Tim was in Kosovo to greet the NATO troops on the day they advanced into Pristina. In recent years he covered the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria.
He has written for many of the national newspapers including the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, and the Sunday Times.
Bio photo credit 漏 Jolly Thompson.
Tim Marshall was Diplomatic Editor and foreign correspondent for Sky News. After thirty years' experience in news reporting and presenting, he left full time news journalism to concentrate on writing and analysis.
Originally from Leeds, Tim arrived at broadcasting from the road less traveled. Not a media studies or journalism graduate, in fact not a graduate at all, after a wholly unsuccessful career as a painter and decorator he worked his way through newsroom nightshifts, and unpaid stints as a researcher and runner before eventually securing himself a foothold on the first rung of the broadcasting career ladder.
After three years as IRN's Paris correspondent and extensive work for BBC radio and TV, Tim joined Sky News. Reporting from Europe, the USA and Asia, Tim became Middle East Correspondent based in Jerusalem.
Tim also reported in the field from Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia during the Balkan wars of the 1990s. He spent the majority of the 1999 Kosovo crisis in Belgrade, where he was one of the few western journalists who stayed on to report from one of the main targets of NATO bombing raids. Tim was in Kosovo to greet the NATO troops on the day they advanced into Pristina. In recent years he covered the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Syria.
He has written for many of the national newspapers including the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, and the Sunday Times.
Bio photo credit 漏 Jolly Thompson.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 9,141 reviews
September 14, 2023
Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps that Explain Everything about the World, Tim Marshall, 2015, 263 pp.
This is actually a rather shallow, cursory look at geopolitics from a standard pro鈥揢.S.-military, neoliberal viewpoint. The ten maps are just ordinary maps of ten areas, Russia, China, U.S., W. Europe, Africa, Mideast, S. Asia, Korea/Japan, Latin America, Arctic.
The author鈥檚 claim, that natural corridors and natural barriers explain 鈥渆verything,鈥� is belied by the rise and fall of empires as plains, mountains, seas and rivers stay put.
Where I'm coming from: for example, by and by .
The author buys the idea that there are 鈥渘ational鈥� interests鈥攁s distinct from the interests of particular centers of power. And that we 鈥渉ave to鈥� respond militarily to perceived threats to our ability to project power everywhere, and to counter the threat of violence by locals. No awareness that U.S. military presence is a threat that provokes violence. To the author, the world is a chessboard; control of fossil fuels a game. [e.g. pp. 60, 74] The unstated presumption is, what鈥檚 good for Exxon, United Fruit, Raytheon, is the U.S. national interest. Don鈥檛 ask who gains, who loses, by moving all production to lowest-wage countries.
鈥淟atin America lags far behind鈥� economically. In part because they 鈥済ot the politics wrong.鈥� [pp. 216鈥�217] He means some of them tried to resist total control by U.S. corporations鈥攁nd that the U.S. military, CIA, State Department, and corporate and financial sectors have all worked very hard to keep Latin America an exploited region without autonomy. For the truth, see Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Eduardo Galeano,
To the author, 鈥渋diots鈥� think the problems of the Middle East are due to Israel. And that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is merely a 鈥渏oint tragedy鈥濃€攔ather than, say, genocide, apartheid, theft of the country from the Palestinians by Israel. [p. 152]
鈥淭he military is the real power in Egypt鈥濃€攏o mention that the U.S. provided that power. Much less in whose interest. [p. 167] On the Iran-Iraq war, no mention that the U.S. armed both sides. [p. 158]
To this author, Mexico is a problem for America, supplying illegal labor and drugs. [p. 70] No mention of U.S. 鈥渄umping鈥� of government-subsidized agricultural commodities, destroying livelihoods of farmers all over the world. No suggestion that it鈥檚 U.S. drug law and enforcement that鈥檚 the problem causing suffering throughout the hemisphere.
Some 鈥渇acts鈥� are suspect. None are sourced. The claim, 鈥淭he greater Mississippi basin has more miles of navigable river than the rest of the world put together,鈥� [p. 68] is questionable. But so is which shows Vietnam with more length of navigable waterways than the U.S., and whose world total is more than 3 times the sum of the countries鈥� totals.
This is actually a rather shallow, cursory look at geopolitics from a standard pro鈥揢.S.-military, neoliberal viewpoint. The ten maps are just ordinary maps of ten areas, Russia, China, U.S., W. Europe, Africa, Mideast, S. Asia, Korea/Japan, Latin America, Arctic.
The author鈥檚 claim, that natural corridors and natural barriers explain 鈥渆verything,鈥� is belied by the rise and fall of empires as plains, mountains, seas and rivers stay put.
Where I'm coming from: for example, by and by .
The author buys the idea that there are 鈥渘ational鈥� interests鈥攁s distinct from the interests of particular centers of power. And that we 鈥渉ave to鈥� respond militarily to perceived threats to our ability to project power everywhere, and to counter the threat of violence by locals. No awareness that U.S. military presence is a threat that provokes violence. To the author, the world is a chessboard; control of fossil fuels a game. [e.g. pp. 60, 74] The unstated presumption is, what鈥檚 good for Exxon, United Fruit, Raytheon, is the U.S. national interest. Don鈥檛 ask who gains, who loses, by moving all production to lowest-wage countries.
鈥淟atin America lags far behind鈥� economically. In part because they 鈥済ot the politics wrong.鈥� [pp. 216鈥�217] He means some of them tried to resist total control by U.S. corporations鈥攁nd that the U.S. military, CIA, State Department, and corporate and financial sectors have all worked very hard to keep Latin America an exploited region without autonomy. For the truth, see Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Eduardo Galeano,
To the author, 鈥渋diots鈥� think the problems of the Middle East are due to Israel. And that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is merely a 鈥渏oint tragedy鈥濃€攔ather than, say, genocide, apartheid, theft of the country from the Palestinians by Israel. [p. 152]
鈥淭he military is the real power in Egypt鈥濃€攏o mention that the U.S. provided that power. Much less in whose interest. [p. 167] On the Iran-Iraq war, no mention that the U.S. armed both sides. [p. 158]
To this author, Mexico is a problem for America, supplying illegal labor and drugs. [p. 70] No mention of U.S. 鈥渄umping鈥� of government-subsidized agricultural commodities, destroying livelihoods of farmers all over the world. No suggestion that it鈥檚 U.S. drug law and enforcement that鈥檚 the problem causing suffering throughout the hemisphere.
Some 鈥渇acts鈥� are suspect. None are sourced. The claim, 鈥淭he greater Mississippi basin has more miles of navigable river than the rest of the world put together,鈥� [p. 68] is questionable. But so is which shows Vietnam with more length of navigable waterways than the U.S., and whose world total is more than 3 times the sum of the countries鈥� totals.
September 11, 2015
Once I read this true crime account of this serial killer and they didn鈥檛 find the bodies, I think they got him on dna, and so they ask him what did you do with the bodies. They were wondering what genius plan of disposal the guy had come up with to make ten corpses disappear without trace. And he says I cut em up and put them out with the trash. If I couldn鈥檛 get em in the bin I put em in black bags. They just took em away, every Thursday morning.
Well, you really shouldn鈥檛 laugh, but 鈥�
Once I saw this programme, I can鈥檛 remember what, it鈥檚 hard to keep track what with this and that and the other, but they were talking about earthquakes and they showed this huge plain somewhere, like Iran I think, and there was a little river in the middle, and so that was the only place there was a village, everywhere else on this plain was deserted. So when the earthquake hit, it crushed the village and killed everyone there. Because of course the river was the fault line. So the only place the people could live was on the fault line.
This is to show the complete fucked-up-ness of the human condition.
This book goes into some considerable detail about this fuckedupness. As for instance Africa. You hear a lot about the legacy of slavery and colonialism but hah, that ain鈥檛 it. It鈥檚 harbours and rivers is your problem. Africa has got a lot of famous long rivers but they don鈥檛 join up and so you can鈥檛 sail your goods down them because every 20 miles there鈥檚 a waterfall. Very pretty but it puts the kibosh on trade. Then below the Sahara you have the tsetse fly which bites any animal you might think of as a beast of burden, like donkeys or bullocks or zebras for all I know, so they go down and die and there鈥檚 your trade gone down with them. As for the coast, it鈥檚 smooth not jagged, and that鈥檚 really a bad thing because that means hardly any natural harbours, so that means no sea trade either.
This is solid stuff but not so solid when other countries are examined like Russia. Because then we are straying from geography and getting into the United States of Paranoia which is the real name of Russia, according to Tim Marshall. It鈥檚 mental geography he is now talking about. There is a North European Plain which has been the route from Europe into Russia since time began and the guy in the Kremlin is obsessed with not being invaded via this plain. And this explains the Russian buffer state thing, they have to have their buffer states or they get really frazzled. So - you're ahead of me - this in turn explains the current hoohah in Ukraine, and the previous switcheroo in Crimea. This latter has a warm water port and this may not mean much to you personally, but that鈥檚 because your ships aren鈥檛 frozen up in Murmansk for 8 months of the year. You can鈥檛 do nothing with cold water ports, you need a warm water one. All of the vastness of Russia and they don鈥檛 have a single one (ah geography), except now they do.
In Europe we had WW2 and the message Europeans took from that is that was the last one, no more European wars 鈥� which has almost but not quote been true for 75 years. The Russians see that as a blip. An uncharacteristic, suspicious blip.
This geography thing gets a bit repetitive 鈥� plains, mountains, rivers, plainsmountainsrivers, portsportsports, and when he gets to The Middle East (he asks the first 2 questions : Middle of what? East of what? to point out how ingrained is the eurocentricity of our western brains and maps) he is reduced to saying they all hate each other! You wouldn鈥檛 believe! which he has some strong data to back this up, like all of the current horror show from Morocco to Waziristan. But again, not really geography, this is psychohistory.
Leonard Cohen wrote a song about the entire and increasing fuckedupness of the world called "The Future" : Gimme back the Berlin wall, gimme Stalin and St Paul, I鈥檝e seen the future, brother, it is murder. That is the theme song for this book, which is hard to rate because it allows for no chink of hope to get through. The message is : there will be more of the same, but it will be different enough for you not to get bored. So, for instance, beheading videos 鈥� you have to admit that was old (13th century) but new (on Twitter).
I must stop trying to understand the human race. It passeth all understanding.
Well, you really shouldn鈥檛 laugh, but 鈥�
Once I saw this programme, I can鈥檛 remember what, it鈥檚 hard to keep track what with this and that and the other, but they were talking about earthquakes and they showed this huge plain somewhere, like Iran I think, and there was a little river in the middle, and so that was the only place there was a village, everywhere else on this plain was deserted. So when the earthquake hit, it crushed the village and killed everyone there. Because of course the river was the fault line. So the only place the people could live was on the fault line.
This is to show the complete fucked-up-ness of the human condition.
This book goes into some considerable detail about this fuckedupness. As for instance Africa. You hear a lot about the legacy of slavery and colonialism but hah, that ain鈥檛 it. It鈥檚 harbours and rivers is your problem. Africa has got a lot of famous long rivers but they don鈥檛 join up and so you can鈥檛 sail your goods down them because every 20 miles there鈥檚 a waterfall. Very pretty but it puts the kibosh on trade. Then below the Sahara you have the tsetse fly which bites any animal you might think of as a beast of burden, like donkeys or bullocks or zebras for all I know, so they go down and die and there鈥檚 your trade gone down with them. As for the coast, it鈥檚 smooth not jagged, and that鈥檚 really a bad thing because that means hardly any natural harbours, so that means no sea trade either.
This is solid stuff but not so solid when other countries are examined like Russia. Because then we are straying from geography and getting into the United States of Paranoia which is the real name of Russia, according to Tim Marshall. It鈥檚 mental geography he is now talking about. There is a North European Plain which has been the route from Europe into Russia since time began and the guy in the Kremlin is obsessed with not being invaded via this plain. And this explains the Russian buffer state thing, they have to have their buffer states or they get really frazzled. So - you're ahead of me - this in turn explains the current hoohah in Ukraine, and the previous switcheroo in Crimea. This latter has a warm water port and this may not mean much to you personally, but that鈥檚 because your ships aren鈥檛 frozen up in Murmansk for 8 months of the year. You can鈥檛 do nothing with cold water ports, you need a warm water one. All of the vastness of Russia and they don鈥檛 have a single one (ah geography), except now they do.
In Europe we had WW2 and the message Europeans took from that is that was the last one, no more European wars 鈥� which has almost but not quote been true for 75 years. The Russians see that as a blip. An uncharacteristic, suspicious blip.
This geography thing gets a bit repetitive 鈥� plains, mountains, rivers, plainsmountainsrivers, portsportsports, and when he gets to The Middle East (he asks the first 2 questions : Middle of what? East of what? to point out how ingrained is the eurocentricity of our western brains and maps) he is reduced to saying they all hate each other! You wouldn鈥檛 believe! which he has some strong data to back this up, like all of the current horror show from Morocco to Waziristan. But again, not really geography, this is psychohistory.
Leonard Cohen wrote a song about the entire and increasing fuckedupness of the world called "The Future" : Gimme back the Berlin wall, gimme Stalin and St Paul, I鈥檝e seen the future, brother, it is murder. That is the theme song for this book, which is hard to rate because it allows for no chink of hope to get through. The message is : there will be more of the same, but it will be different enough for you not to get bored. So, for instance, beheading videos 鈥� you have to admit that was old (13th century) but new (on Twitter).
I must stop trying to understand the human race. It passeth all understanding.
December 1, 2022
Several disclaimers:
Okay, with that out of the way...
Holy god has anyone ever written such a pile of incomprehensibly written, self contradictory, and wrong headed nonsense? Cribbing liberally from his dogeared volume Military History for Complete Dummies, Marshall reiterates the absolute worst ideas the Geographic Determinism arguments of the early 20th century and pretends that they are his very own profound truths about the human condition, rather than entirely discredited theories (and profoundly and inescapably racist ones at that). Aside from his apparently not knowing what half the ideas he stole from Halford MacKinder were supposed to explain, he falls into every trap that Ratzel and Semple sidestepped, and incredibly makes the entirely execrable look like a thoughtful scholar by comparison. To put this volume into a geographer's perspective, imagine a chemist finding a book explaining a new and amazing theory of fire (the secret is phlogiston).
I am on page 14 and have already filled the margins of the book with enough notes to crash 欧宝娱乐 if I included them, so let's just reduce my critiques to the essentials.
Anyway, I read 14 pages of this complete shite and am astonished that anyone has made it farther. I am also quite frankly offended that so many could be so entirely ignorant of the world that this fart cloud got anything more than ridicule for reviews. Discovering that it rates more than four stars is a sad joke. The only use I can imagine for this volume is giving excepts to a class and have them learn critical reasoning by laughing at it.
I fear for humanitysometimes often.
EDIT: 1 Decembre, 2022: Because it is something I am frequently asked in the comments, I want to provide the link to an excellent digest of the current consensus concerning geopolitics, and it is one that explains and illustrates in plain language many of the faults I found in Marshall's book. Please, enjoy!
Dissenting opinions cheerfully entertained in the comments. Be warned, I do respond. Also, try not to be humorless rage monkeys like that BoatsAgainstTheCurrent.
1. I am a historical geographer by inclination and education, and I have taught history and geography. I have also published articles in leading scholarly journals.
2. I have read the forward and the first half of the first section concerning Russia and cannot read further.
3. Tim Marshall is an incredibly ignorant smug ass and the living avatar of the Dunning-Kruger effect. This is an opinion I formed of him while reading this book. This opinion is not one I believe any new information short of meeting him and having him explain that he wrote this book as a cruel joke can shake. I sincerely believe that this book is a confidence scheme working upon people's innocence and does real harm.
Okay, with that out of the way...
Holy god has anyone ever written such a pile of incomprehensibly written, self contradictory, and wrong headed nonsense? Cribbing liberally from his dogeared volume Military History for Complete Dummies, Marshall reiterates the absolute worst ideas the Geographic Determinism arguments of the early 20th century and pretends that they are his very own profound truths about the human condition, rather than entirely discredited theories (and profoundly and inescapably racist ones at that). Aside from his apparently not knowing what half the ideas he stole from Halford MacKinder were supposed to explain, he falls into every trap that Ratzel and Semple sidestepped, and incredibly makes the entirely execrable look like a thoughtful scholar by comparison. To put this volume into a geographer's perspective, imagine a chemist finding a book explaining a new and amazing theory of fire (the secret is phlogiston).
I am on page 14 and have already filled the margins of the book with enough notes to crash 欧宝娱乐 if I included them, so let's just reduce my critiques to the essentials.
1. Marshall believes that nations are the natural political unit, and are optimally composed of a uniform ethnic identity.
1a. Marshall thinks that boundaries are real things and that ethno-nationalism would solve all this warfare thing we seem to have trouble with.
2. Marshall conflates 'history' with 'military history' and that all wars are an attempt to avoid the next war by finding natural borders.
3. Marshall is entirely unaware of the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy. [Thanks to Oguz for the correction]
4. Marshall is capable of phrasings like "...in order to extend their global reach around the world" (page xvi in my edition).
4a. Another howler: "The Pact was supposed to be made of iron, but with hindsight by the early 1980s was rusting, and after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 it crumbled to dust." I defy anyone to diagram that sentence.
5. Marshall is entirely ignorant of any history that precedes 2001 except for what he can plagiarize from the Wikipedia blurb you see at the head of a Google search.
6. Marshall can't even keep his own fake history straight enough to make it through the entirely mischaracterized history of the Rus without contradicting himself endlessly (First we are told that the Urals are impassible and prevent invasions from Asia. A couple of paragraphs later the Mongols almost destroy the Rus during their invasion from Asia, across the Urals).
7. Extra Credit:See if you can find the page where Marshall writes so ineptly that he suggests that military aircraft use concrete as fuel
7a. See if you can find the page where he claims Putin thinks only about three things: God, mountains, and pizza. I would enjoy hearing Marshall explain to which of these categories belongs disrupting western democracies through a sustained campaign of social media disinformation.
8. The word 'bear' is not Russian Marshall, you stupid lazy bastard. It is Germanic in origin. Look stuff up.
9. Marshall thinks that "time zone" is a unit of measure. By that system, Antarctica is unimaginably vast. Were Russia rotated 90 degrees it would occupy many fewer time zones. Also, were Russia located along the equator but of the same area and shape, it would again occupy many fewer time zones.
10. Marshall questions Putin's assessment of the collapse of the USSR as a "major geopolitical disaster". I would argue that the postscript has borne out that opinion, largely because of its role in enabling the rise of Putin's authoritarian Russian state out of Yeltsin's equally vicious kleptocracy, let alone the resulting regional destabilization.
11. Marshall attempts a defense of Sarah Palin's "you can see Russia from Alaska" comment as though it were a sensible response to a question about her foreign policy experience. Marshall's argument is essentially that because that statement is factually true, Palin is not as incurably stupid as himself. If that premise were so, my looking at the moon qualifies me to head NASA.
12. There is a passage of absolutely insane nonsense about China slowly conquering Siberia through the clever subterfuge of Chinese restaurants. Really.
13. Marshall wants to argue that Africa is impoverished because of its 'geographic isolation'. Odd that Africa, which is so close to Europe and Asia that it is actually connected, was not too isolated that it was protected from five centuries of European resource exploitation and slaving.
14. Marshall explicitly points to the Southern Cone of South America as another region too remote from civilization to be prosperous. If that argument made any sense at all, then Colombia, Haiti, and El Salvador would be richer and more developed than Argentina and Chile.
15. Everything else Marshall wrote but I have not mentioned is equally illogical and factually incorrect. Those passages are still stupid and wrong, just less entertainingly stupid and wrong.
Anyway, I read 14 pages of this complete shite and am astonished that anyone has made it farther. I am also quite frankly offended that so many could be so entirely ignorant of the world that this fart cloud got anything more than ridicule for reviews. Discovering that it rates more than four stars is a sad joke. The only use I can imagine for this volume is giving excepts to a class and have them learn critical reasoning by laughing at it.
I fear for humanity
EDIT: 1 Decembre, 2022: Because it is something I am frequently asked in the comments, I want to provide the link to an excellent digest of the current consensus concerning geopolitics, and it is one that explains and illustrates in plain language many of the faults I found in Marshall's book. Please, enjoy!
Dissenting opinions cheerfully entertained in the comments. Be warned, I do respond. Also, try not to be humorless rage monkeys like that BoatsAgainstTheCurrent.
November 24, 2024
Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Tell You Everything You Need to Know About Global Politics by Tim Marshall is a fascinating exploration of how geography shapes history, politics, and international relations. The concept of anchoring each chapter to a specific map is a dream for map enthusiasts and geopolitics fans alike, and as someone who loves both, I eagerly dove into this book.
Listening to the audiobook, narrated by Ric Jerrom, added a rich layer to the experience. Jerrom鈥檚 clear and engaging delivery helps navigate the dense material, balancing the book's educational depth with an accessible tone. The narration brings Marshall鈥檚 points to life, making the complex interplay between geography and politics feel like an engaging discussion rather than a dry lecture.
This audiobook is a must-listen. Check out the format here:
The book excels when it focuses deeply on specific regions. The chapters on India/Pakistan, Russia, and China are particularly compelling, offering detailed and insightful analyses of how their geography informs their histories and strategies. Hearing these sections narrated made the intricate geopolitics feel more digestible and immersive.
However, the book falters in its broader chapters, such as those on Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. These sections feel overly generalized, as the attempt to summarize vast, complex geopolitical landscapes in just a few paragraphs sometimes sacrifices nuance. For example, condensing the entire Middle East into one chapter felt like an oversimplification; zooming in on Israel/Palestine or other specific conflicts might have been more effective. The audiobook format helps to smooth these transitions, but the brevity of these chapters still left me wishing for more depth.
That said, Prisoners of Geography remains a highly informative and thought-provoking book. It鈥檚 an excellent starting point for anyone interested in the role geography plays in shaping the world. While it could benefit from a tighter focus in some areas, the audiobook enhances its strengths, making this a captivating listen for anyone who wants to better understand the world鈥檚 geopolitical landscape.
Listening to the audiobook, narrated by Ric Jerrom, added a rich layer to the experience. Jerrom鈥檚 clear and engaging delivery helps navigate the dense material, balancing the book's educational depth with an accessible tone. The narration brings Marshall鈥檚 points to life, making the complex interplay between geography and politics feel like an engaging discussion rather than a dry lecture.
This audiobook is a must-listen. Check out the format here:
The book excels when it focuses deeply on specific regions. The chapters on India/Pakistan, Russia, and China are particularly compelling, offering detailed and insightful analyses of how their geography informs their histories and strategies. Hearing these sections narrated made the intricate geopolitics feel more digestible and immersive.
However, the book falters in its broader chapters, such as those on Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. These sections feel overly generalized, as the attempt to summarize vast, complex geopolitical landscapes in just a few paragraphs sometimes sacrifices nuance. For example, condensing the entire Middle East into one chapter felt like an oversimplification; zooming in on Israel/Palestine or other specific conflicts might have been more effective. The audiobook format helps to smooth these transitions, but the brevity of these chapters still left me wishing for more depth.
That said, Prisoners of Geography remains a highly informative and thought-provoking book. It鈥檚 an excellent starting point for anyone interested in the role geography plays in shaping the world. While it could benefit from a tighter focus in some areas, the audiobook enhances its strengths, making this a captivating listen for anyone who wants to better understand the world鈥檚 geopolitical landscape.
September 5, 2020
Yeah, well, it took me some time to finally and officially finished cause I stopped reading for couple months.
Anyway, before I get into it, I have to say that I did enjoy this, just to make that clear. Because sometimes I feel like I have more to say about the aspects which were not great in my opinion and I forget to speak about the things that I actually enjoyed.
I've always enjoyed geography, and always stared at maps for way too long. The only game I use on my phone is a geography game when it gives you country/city in the world and you have to locate it on a blind map. So, of course this book was something I had to buy.
However, I have to say that I would appreciate if the book worked more with the maps it included. And I wanted more maps.
It often felt like the maps were just slapped into the book and rarely worked with. I would love this to use old maps of first settlement and compare them with the current one. To SHOW how geography influenced the evolution of the area rather than just TALK about it.
That would be really awesome; however, I can understand that it may have not been possible in a book which has some odd 300 pages.
Maybe an extended version? Or separated into several books?
I'll have to edit this review later on, cause I marked several quotes from the book I wanted to add here; however, I already lend the book to a friend. So, later.
I really liked the separation of the book; however, I would enjoy if it was more... logical in a way? It went from Russia to China than the USA, then Europe and then in a couple of chapters it went back to Pakistan and India and later to Korea and Japan and then it jumped to Latin America again. I believe that the flow would be better if there were more sense and order in how the chapters followed each other.
The three chapters which were probably the best were Russia, China and the USA. Can you see a pattern there? All were chapters focusing only on one country, not a whole continent.
But at the same time, I will say that the one which I enjoyed the most was Africa, which deserved more pages because it felt rushed and somewhat oversimplified.
And with finishing reading the chapter on Africa I also realised another issue. The author had a tendency to introduce ideas he did not mention until then. Which is a shame because those seemed to be the most interesting thoughts.
What I do not understand why there was a chapter on Western Europe which spend like two or three pages on the topic of Greece. Either it should have been Europe chapter or European Union chapter. Probably the former.
Also, where is Australia and New Zealand? Is one chapter missing? The author did acknowledge that he did not write on Australia or Canada and Indonesia. However, I have to say I do not feel like the book reached its limit. 300 pages is not that many and the glaring lack of the whole continent is just strange.
Anyway, before I get into it, I have to say that I did enjoy this, just to make that clear. Because sometimes I feel like I have more to say about the aspects which were not great in my opinion and I forget to speak about the things that I actually enjoyed.
I've always enjoyed geography, and always stared at maps for way too long. The only game I use on my phone is a geography game when it gives you country/city in the world and you have to locate it on a blind map. So, of course this book was something I had to buy.
However, I have to say that I would appreciate if the book worked more with the maps it included. And I wanted more maps.
It often felt like the maps were just slapped into the book and rarely worked with. I would love this to use old maps of first settlement and compare them with the current one. To SHOW how geography influenced the evolution of the area rather than just TALK about it.
That would be really awesome; however, I can understand that it may have not been possible in a book which has some odd 300 pages.
Maybe an extended version? Or separated into several books?
I'll have to edit this review later on, cause I marked several quotes from the book I wanted to add here; however, I already lend the book to a friend. So, later.
I really liked the separation of the book; however, I would enjoy if it was more... logical in a way? It went from Russia to China than the USA, then Europe and then in a couple of chapters it went back to Pakistan and India and later to Korea and Japan and then it jumped to Latin America again. I believe that the flow would be better if there were more sense and order in how the chapters followed each other.
The three chapters which were probably the best were Russia, China and the USA. Can you see a pattern there? All were chapters focusing only on one country, not a whole continent.
But at the same time, I will say that the one which I enjoyed the most was Africa, which deserved more pages because it felt rushed and somewhat oversimplified.
And with finishing reading the chapter on Africa I also realised another issue. The author had a tendency to introduce ideas he did not mention until then. Which is a shame because those seemed to be the most interesting thoughts.
What I do not understand why there was a chapter on Western Europe which spend like two or three pages on the topic of Greece. Either it should have been Europe chapter or European Union chapter. Probably the former.
Also, where is Australia and New Zealand? Is one chapter missing? The author did acknowledge that he did not write on Australia or Canada and Indonesia. However, I have to say I do not feel like the book reached its limit. 300 pages is not that many and the glaring lack of the whole continent is just strange.
August 20, 2016
The premise of this book is interesting - that much of international politics is about geography. Country A doesn't go to war with country B because there is a range of mountains between them. Country C enjoys a strong trading economy because it has access to the sea. And so it goes.
Most people reading it will probably get one or two "aha" moments when the book gives them an insight they hadn't had before. It's a good point well made.
About a quarter of the way through the book I was really enjoying it.
Then we start to run into problems. They aren't disastrous. This book is still worth reading. But it's not quite as good as it could be.
The main problem is that the book is one long dry lecture. We get nothing but the author speaking for page after page. He clearly knows what he is talking about, but it really needs to be broken up with some more maps, quotes from someone else, anecdotes, graphs. At times this book feels like a college lecture where a highly qualified professor drones on and on for hours. You know that what he is saying is good. You can tell he is an expert. But you long for something to break up the monotony of an uninterrupted monologue.
The main thesis doesn't always work. Some of the sections are less about geography and more about people. Messy, organic, unpredictable people.
So yes all countries to seem to be prisoners of their geography. In part. But they are also prisoners of their history and the decisions made by individuals. It's not all about mountains, rivers and access to the sea.
And you do not make a good book solely by allowing an expert to drone on and on in lecture-theatre style.
Recommended - ish. There is lots of good stuff in here, even if it can be quite dull and the main thesis doesn't entirely work every time.
Most people reading it will probably get one or two "aha" moments when the book gives them an insight they hadn't had before. It's a good point well made.
About a quarter of the way through the book I was really enjoying it.
Then we start to run into problems. They aren't disastrous. This book is still worth reading. But it's not quite as good as it could be.
The main problem is that the book is one long dry lecture. We get nothing but the author speaking for page after page. He clearly knows what he is talking about, but it really needs to be broken up with some more maps, quotes from someone else, anecdotes, graphs. At times this book feels like a college lecture where a highly qualified professor drones on and on for hours. You know that what he is saying is good. You can tell he is an expert. But you long for something to break up the monotony of an uninterrupted monologue.
The main thesis doesn't always work. Some of the sections are less about geography and more about people. Messy, organic, unpredictable people.
So yes all countries to seem to be prisoners of their geography. In part. But they are also prisoners of their history and the decisions made by individuals. It's not all about mountains, rivers and access to the sea.
And you do not make a good book solely by allowing an expert to drone on and on in lecture-theatre style.
Recommended - ish. There is lots of good stuff in here, even if it can be quite dull and the main thesis doesn't entirely work every time.
February 29, 2016
Outstanding!
If one reads only one politico book this year, read this one.
Wanting to compose a 20 paragraph reaction, at least that long upon each one of the 10 world "entities" that this book is divided into! (Not always a continent, but sometimes that nomenclature relates.) Well, I will not. Because Marshall's concise and succinctly factual is beyond my superlatives OR my summation of it, could ever be.
But possibly I could make one comparison. In my youth, when exact structures of observance were taught and charted- the biological body (human or animal, or plant) was learned to naming of touch and recognition by seeing, measuring, or handling within feel of topography or dissection. Thus the first lesson, most often became accompanied by the intense mantra "Structure is for Function".
Comparing this geographical analysis of forms for function for each of these 10 regions of the Earth!
The forms (GEOGRAPHY) will continually replay the same questions, fears, answers, attempts for the functions of those who live there.
If you have isolation upon 3 fronts, no coastline, or a coastline with no harbors or faced with immense cliffs (actually this is no coastline at all)? Or if your weather harbors ever living insect viability, or human occupation for 15 thousand millennia?
Some sections I read twice. And to be completely truthful, I still do not understand some aspects of what the repercussions have evolved within the topography of Africa.
I do know that I'm buying this one. And that I will get the next book for the regions he has not been able to complete in this one. He states it will be out soon.
This one is for the main 10 regions of divisions in geography today: Russia, China, United States, Western Europe, Africa, The Middle East, India & Pakistan, Korea & Japan, Latin America, and lastly The Artic.
If you have learned your history and politico from the stance of administration ideologies, religion, colonialism or any whole piece belief system of division or operations, you need to read this book.
Because the mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, oceans will alter, change. Over great periods of time, they will. But not all that much. And structure still insists functions and outcomes in majority. Great majority proportionally. And with use of the Artic, Space and other huge changes that will occur- you will always have the human geographic restraints of your human location.
This book is surprisingly current on top of it. It even has the proposed Strait of Nicaragua- which if funding by China continues, should be finished by the end of 2020.
Highest recommendation by me in non-fiction category for this year, 2016. So far- and I doubt it will be beat.
Read Russia and the Middle East alone if that is your tolerance level.
If one reads only one politico book this year, read this one.
Wanting to compose a 20 paragraph reaction, at least that long upon each one of the 10 world "entities" that this book is divided into! (Not always a continent, but sometimes that nomenclature relates.) Well, I will not. Because Marshall's concise and succinctly factual is beyond my superlatives OR my summation of it, could ever be.
But possibly I could make one comparison. In my youth, when exact structures of observance were taught and charted- the biological body (human or animal, or plant) was learned to naming of touch and recognition by seeing, measuring, or handling within feel of topography or dissection. Thus the first lesson, most often became accompanied by the intense mantra "Structure is for Function".
Comparing this geographical analysis of forms for function for each of these 10 regions of the Earth!
The forms (GEOGRAPHY) will continually replay the same questions, fears, answers, attempts for the functions of those who live there.
If you have isolation upon 3 fronts, no coastline, or a coastline with no harbors or faced with immense cliffs (actually this is no coastline at all)? Or if your weather harbors ever living insect viability, or human occupation for 15 thousand millennia?
Some sections I read twice. And to be completely truthful, I still do not understand some aspects of what the repercussions have evolved within the topography of Africa.
I do know that I'm buying this one. And that I will get the next book for the regions he has not been able to complete in this one. He states it will be out soon.
This one is for the main 10 regions of divisions in geography today: Russia, China, United States, Western Europe, Africa, The Middle East, India & Pakistan, Korea & Japan, Latin America, and lastly The Artic.
If you have learned your history and politico from the stance of administration ideologies, religion, colonialism or any whole piece belief system of division or operations, you need to read this book.
Because the mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, oceans will alter, change. Over great periods of time, they will. But not all that much. And structure still insists functions and outcomes in majority. Great majority proportionally. And with use of the Artic, Space and other huge changes that will occur- you will always have the human geographic restraints of your human location.
This book is surprisingly current on top of it. It even has the proposed Strait of Nicaragua- which if funding by China continues, should be finished by the end of 2020.
Highest recommendation by me in non-fiction category for this year, 2016. So far- and I doubt it will be beat.
Read Russia and the Middle East alone if that is your tolerance level.
May 6, 2022
Tim Marshall (wiki: 'British journalist, author and broadcaster, specialising in foreign affairs and international diplomacy') uses ten maps as the focus of ten chapters not only looking at the relevant geo-politics but also heavy underlining the geographical constraints, history and Climate Change ramifications in regards to Russia, China, USA, Western Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India and Pakistan, Korea and Japan, Latin America and the Artic. It's a truly riveting and highly informative read. The most shocking thing reading this in March 2022, is that almost the entire chapter on Russia is a warning about Putin's (and geography's) problem with Ukraine!
Essentially this superlative work if actually read (not sure many of them read anything remotely scientific or educational) by the Trump-publicans they would deem it 'Critical Race Theory', when in actuality it's simple real history, as not only is Marshall extremely informed he does not veer way from the genocide committed across the globe by the Imperial powers and more importantly the mostly geographical reasons why The USA and Western Europe have excelled and why most of the rest world have struggled; he includes the huge and real impact of Climate Change on the 21st century (strangled) development of Africa. It is such a joy to see a completely non-political book being a best seller being read by millions, daring not also to be an easy read, but to have listed and sourced facts!
I can't give enough praise for how Marshall explains and details the reality of the geography, history and modern politics of so many global hotspots! Having read 'The Power of Geography' first and really liked it, I had high expectations of this first book in the series, and hey were easily met. I can't help think that if I'd read this first it would have garnered Five Stars from me instead of the Four I have now given it, but then after writing that I just couldn't stomach not giving this Five Stars! 10 out of 12.
2022 read
Essentially this superlative work if actually read (not sure many of them read anything remotely scientific or educational) by the Trump-publicans they would deem it 'Critical Race Theory', when in actuality it's simple real history, as not only is Marshall extremely informed he does not veer way from the genocide committed across the globe by the Imperial powers and more importantly the mostly geographical reasons why The USA and Western Europe have excelled and why most of the rest world have struggled; he includes the huge and real impact of Climate Change on the 21st century (strangled) development of Africa. It is such a joy to see a completely non-political book being a best seller being read by millions, daring not also to be an easy read, but to have listed and sourced facts!
I can't give enough praise for how Marshall explains and details the reality of the geography, history and modern politics of so many global hotspots! Having read 'The Power of Geography' first and really liked it, I had high expectations of this first book in the series, and hey were easily met. I can't help think that if I'd read this first it would have garnered Five Stars from me instead of the Four I have now given it, but then after writing that I just couldn't stomach not giving this Five Stars! 10 out of 12.
2022 read
May 3, 2016
Overall an interesting read, but little new information for anyone with more than just a passing interest in history or (geo-)politics. There is too much ''America is awesome'' and too little actual in depth information. Furthermore, the title is somewhat misleading. I had the impression that there would be ten actual maps, ones that you don't see or use very often to define your view of the world, but could be considered important nonetheless. Rather, the author just uses the generic maps that exist of the world's major continents and regions. Concluding, it's worth a read if you need a primer on the back story behind current geopolitics and you want to have something more to tell your friends at the bar than ''those Russians/Chinese/Americans/Islamists are just modern imperialists!''. If you are looking for something more in-depth, look further.
September 3, 2016
This is an amazing journey through the world, zooming out of particular localities and looking at the geographical shape of bigger areas that helped form the history, culture and population of the world we share.
I read the first chapters on Russia, China, Europe, USA and Africa constantly nodding my head, realising that it was possible to explain many things I had thought about for long hours by analysing natural borders, rivers, mountains, vegetation, climate and distribution of agricultural opportunities. I had the feeling that my historical knowledge became deeper, and more nuanced by adding the dimension of geography.
My recent reflections on were put into the context of the vast African continent and its geography. The story of gained width and depth through my intense staring at the map of the borders between Pakistan, India and Afghanistan, and I learned a great deal from the historical references to that region.
Then I embarked on the chapter about South America, a continent I hardly know, and was plunged into a strong childhood memory, all of a sudden, without any warning. Reading about Brazil and its complicated connections to other countries, comparing it to Argentina with its access to the Atlantic through the Rio De La Plata, I found myself repeatedly humming a song by a Swedish sailor-poet-songwriter called Evert Taube. My father used to sing his songs to me when I was little, and I still know them by heart, but I have never thought of them in terms of global geography. However, this lovely love song between a Swedish sailor and a young girl called Carmencita from Samborombom, in the Rio De La Plata area, shows exactly what this nonfiction book on geography explains in plain facts: some areas are more accessible, and enhance global communication, while others are more remote, and thus stay isolated, culturally and technologically. The Swedish sailor in the song meets the exotic young lady because his ship has access to her country, but when he wants to marry her, she refuses, telling him her father has received an offer, and she will marry a local man who owns 20,000 cows. Fritjof has to sail home again, his (doubtful) virtues and wonderful tango skills are not enough!
Samborombon, en liten by f枚rutan gata,
den ligger inte l氓ngt fr氓n Rio de la Plata,
n盲stan i kanten av den bl氓a Atlanten och med
pampas bakom sej m氓nga hundra gr枚na mil,
dit kom jag ridande en afton i april
f枚r jag ville dansa Tango.
Fully aware that Swedish is not a global language, I still feel I have to copy these Evert Taube lines here, because they connected me to the big, wide world when I was a child, and now made me appreciate the accuracy of the historical impact of geography on a much more personal level.
I was coming to the end of the book at this point, and Evert Taube brought it to my attention that I had actually not read anything about Scandinavia's geography yet. This is a region I consider my own, and I can't emphasise enough how astonished I was to realise that it is mentioned, at the very end, not in the chapter on Europe, or in the context of the Western Hemisphere, but as part of the ARCTIC. I had to spend a lot of time meditating on the map showing my home town well within the area circling the arctic, and reflecting on what it possibly meant to me. Also, contrary to Swedish wisdom (beware, this might be irony imported from the continent!), Norway was in the focus of the Scandinavian chapter. How could that be? I thoroughly enjoyed my own confusion at having my geography skills put into perspective like that.
One last thing, before I recommend this book to anyone interested in the overarching connections between history and geography: I don't like the subtitle at all and it almost put me off trying the book!
Ten Maps That tell You Everything....
That made me think it must be one of those books pretending to explain the world to you in a short, poorly written bestseller style.
Ten recipes that make you lose weight in two days...
Ten tricks to save money when shopping...
This book does NOT tell you everything, and that is good, but it gives you insight into an aspect of global developments that enhances your previous knowledge and makes you curious to learn more!
Read! Despite subtitle! (And my overuse of exclamation marks!)!
I read the first chapters on Russia, China, Europe, USA and Africa constantly nodding my head, realising that it was possible to explain many things I had thought about for long hours by analysing natural borders, rivers, mountains, vegetation, climate and distribution of agricultural opportunities. I had the feeling that my historical knowledge became deeper, and more nuanced by adding the dimension of geography.
My recent reflections on were put into the context of the vast African continent and its geography. The story of gained width and depth through my intense staring at the map of the borders between Pakistan, India and Afghanistan, and I learned a great deal from the historical references to that region.
Then I embarked on the chapter about South America, a continent I hardly know, and was plunged into a strong childhood memory, all of a sudden, without any warning. Reading about Brazil and its complicated connections to other countries, comparing it to Argentina with its access to the Atlantic through the Rio De La Plata, I found myself repeatedly humming a song by a Swedish sailor-poet-songwriter called Evert Taube. My father used to sing his songs to me when I was little, and I still know them by heart, but I have never thought of them in terms of global geography. However, this lovely love song between a Swedish sailor and a young girl called Carmencita from Samborombom, in the Rio De La Plata area, shows exactly what this nonfiction book on geography explains in plain facts: some areas are more accessible, and enhance global communication, while others are more remote, and thus stay isolated, culturally and technologically. The Swedish sailor in the song meets the exotic young lady because his ship has access to her country, but when he wants to marry her, she refuses, telling him her father has received an offer, and she will marry a local man who owns 20,000 cows. Fritjof has to sail home again, his (doubtful) virtues and wonderful tango skills are not enough!
Samborombon, en liten by f枚rutan gata,
den ligger inte l氓ngt fr氓n Rio de la Plata,
n盲stan i kanten av den bl氓a Atlanten och med
pampas bakom sej m氓nga hundra gr枚na mil,
dit kom jag ridande en afton i april
f枚r jag ville dansa Tango.
Fully aware that Swedish is not a global language, I still feel I have to copy these Evert Taube lines here, because they connected me to the big, wide world when I was a child, and now made me appreciate the accuracy of the historical impact of geography on a much more personal level.
I was coming to the end of the book at this point, and Evert Taube brought it to my attention that I had actually not read anything about Scandinavia's geography yet. This is a region I consider my own, and I can't emphasise enough how astonished I was to realise that it is mentioned, at the very end, not in the chapter on Europe, or in the context of the Western Hemisphere, but as part of the ARCTIC. I had to spend a lot of time meditating on the map showing my home town well within the area circling the arctic, and reflecting on what it possibly meant to me. Also, contrary to Swedish wisdom (beware, this might be irony imported from the continent!), Norway was in the focus of the Scandinavian chapter. How could that be? I thoroughly enjoyed my own confusion at having my geography skills put into perspective like that.
One last thing, before I recommend this book to anyone interested in the overarching connections between history and geography: I don't like the subtitle at all and it almost put me off trying the book!
Ten Maps That tell You Everything....
That made me think it must be one of those books pretending to explain the world to you in a short, poorly written bestseller style.
Ten recipes that make you lose weight in two days...
Ten tricks to save money when shopping...
This book does NOT tell you everything, and that is good, but it gives you insight into an aspect of global developments that enhances your previous knowledge and makes you curious to learn more!
Read! Despite subtitle! (And my overuse of exclamation marks!)!
December 10, 2021
Have you ever thought what a complex world it is we live in? Why do some countries look to have it all whilst others seem destined to always struggle? Each country has its own history of rivalries and ancient disputes with neighbouring nations 鈥� where do these stem from? And what about the frequent border changes 鈥� why have these occurred and surely they鈥檝e created additional tensions, haven鈥檛 they? I have an old Reader鈥檚 Digest Great World Atlas (published in 1961) and a quick perusal of the pages just covering Europe and the southern reaches of Africa is enough to tell me that many of the names therein have long ago been cast onto the geographical scrapheap. Well the good news is that this book provides the answers to these questions鈥� and many more.
Broken down into sections covering associated areas of the globe I first learnt how natural geography handed out the lottery prizes. Much of Europe, for example, is blessed by having long rivers, some of which flow into each other, creating natural vessels for moving resources around and thus significantly aiding the establishment of trading routes. Africa, on the other hand, has big rivers but they are all frequently interrupted by large waterfalls and they don鈥檛 meet up with other rivers, therefore precluding their use for large scale movement of goods. Then there鈥檚 the climate: again Africa draws the short straw (along with South America) with large areas providing a home for mosquitos which carry diseases such as Malaria and Yellow fever. And what about the land itself? Areas of Jungle, desert and high mountains have provided natural boundaries but also create problems for transporting goods and for travel. Yes, when you are born the natural lay of the land and climate will have predetermined 鈥� to an extent 鈥� how prosperous a country you will be born into.
History provides the second set of answers. Some countries with natural resources of gas, oil and minerals have been able to utilise their good fortune to enrich their nation (though not necessarily the people who live there). Others have been plundered by aggressive predatory forces hell bent on helping themselves to the assets. Boundaries have been changed through occupation and particularly as a result of the World Wars. These changes were often made by lines being drawn on maps without regard to ancient groupings based on tribal and religious backgrounds 鈥� the cause of many long standing disputes and conflicts can be traced back to these actions.
The great thing about this book is that the way it is organised allows these elements to be presented in a logical, organised way that not only makes perfect sense but also allows the reader to understand much of the geopolitical bickering that goes on to this very day. It鈥檚 a brilliant book and it鈥檚 bang up to date. I鈥檇 urge anyone interested in improving their knowledge of the big picture to grab a copy.
Broken down into sections covering associated areas of the globe I first learnt how natural geography handed out the lottery prizes. Much of Europe, for example, is blessed by having long rivers, some of which flow into each other, creating natural vessels for moving resources around and thus significantly aiding the establishment of trading routes. Africa, on the other hand, has big rivers but they are all frequently interrupted by large waterfalls and they don鈥檛 meet up with other rivers, therefore precluding their use for large scale movement of goods. Then there鈥檚 the climate: again Africa draws the short straw (along with South America) with large areas providing a home for mosquitos which carry diseases such as Malaria and Yellow fever. And what about the land itself? Areas of Jungle, desert and high mountains have provided natural boundaries but also create problems for transporting goods and for travel. Yes, when you are born the natural lay of the land and climate will have predetermined 鈥� to an extent 鈥� how prosperous a country you will be born into.
History provides the second set of answers. Some countries with natural resources of gas, oil and minerals have been able to utilise their good fortune to enrich their nation (though not necessarily the people who live there). Others have been plundered by aggressive predatory forces hell bent on helping themselves to the assets. Boundaries have been changed through occupation and particularly as a result of the World Wars. These changes were often made by lines being drawn on maps without regard to ancient groupings based on tribal and religious backgrounds 鈥� the cause of many long standing disputes and conflicts can be traced back to these actions.
The great thing about this book is that the way it is organised allows these elements to be presented in a logical, organised way that not only makes perfect sense but also allows the reader to understand much of the geopolitical bickering that goes on to this very day. It鈥檚 a brilliant book and it鈥檚 bang up to date. I鈥檇 urge anyone interested in improving their knowledge of the big picture to grab a copy.
July 13, 2021
As if the assumed American exceptionalism that drips from these pages isn't enough, I believe the staggering amount of broad-stroke revisionism that underpins an endorsement of brutal imperial practices (by a variety of nations) that spans the text is enough to incite guffaws in any sensible reader. The obsequiousness that permeates Marshal's references to American military hegemony is only matched by his entire omission of the damage that neoliberal austerity measures have done to the global south. From his perspective, the modern geopolitical landscape is an entirely natural manifestation of the geographical determinism that he desperately fails to prove.
Also, what is the point of having only one chapter of 10 bear internal chapter breaks? It's written no differently from the other chapters...who made this decision? Formatting 10% of the text in a manner disparate from the rest just feels sloppy.
Skip this book. There are better ways to spend your time learning about geopolitics.
Also, what is the point of having only one chapter of 10 bear internal chapter breaks? It's written no differently from the other chapters...who made this decision? Formatting 10% of the text in a manner disparate from the rest just feels sloppy.
Skip this book. There are better ways to spend your time learning about geopolitics.
November 2, 2019
What an unfocused mess of a book. I would have considered 2 stars if the book was instead named "Military policy in Ten Regions of the World - where I will sometimes cherry pick convenient geographic features that reinforces my ill defined thesis and I will pretend that the last 30 years explains all of human history - and sometimes I will even try my hand at economic policy, with limited success."
May 25, 2022
禺亘 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘丕毓孬 卮丿 讴賴 亘賴 賲爻丕卅賱 胤賵乇 丿蹖诏賴鈥屫й屰� 賳诏丕賴 讴賳賲. 丕蹖賳讴賴 賲丕 讴噩丕蹖 噩賴丕賳 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴鈥屫й屰屬� 趩賯丿乇 丿乇 賯丿乇鬲 賲丕 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丿丕乇賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕賱丕賳 讴賴 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱賴 乇賵 賳賵卮鬲賲 賮賴賲蹖丿賲 鬲賵 夭賳丿诏蹖 卮禺氐蹖 賴賲 氐丿賯 賲蹖讴賳賴. 賲孬賱丕 卮賲丕 鬲賵 趩賴 禺丕賳賵丕丿賴鈥屫й屰� 亘丿賳蹖丕 亘蹖丕丿 賵 亘丕 趩賴 跇賳鈥屬囏й屰� 亘胤賵乇 蹖賯蹖賳 丿乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 卮賲丕 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丿丕乇賴. 丨丕賱丕 讴卮賵乇賴丕 賴賲 賴賲蹖賳賴貙 丕蹖賳讴賴 讴噩丕 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳 蹖丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘賴 趩賴 賲賳丕亘毓蹖 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳 丿乇 賯丿乇鬲 丕賵賳丕 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丿丕乇賴.
趩乇丕 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 亘夭乇诏鬲乇蹖賳 賯丿乇鬲 丿丕乇賴責 趩賵賳 氐乇賮丕 倬賴賳丕賵乇賴責 禺蹖乇! 讴卮賵乇 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 丕夭 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 賴賲 丿丕乇蹖賲. 亘禺丕胤乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇诏蹖乇蹖卮. 丿乇爻鬲賴 趩蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賲讴丕賳蹖 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 賳丿丕乇賴 賵賱蹖 丕蹖丕 亘賴 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 丿爻鬲 倬蹖丿丕 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿責 丕夭 賳馗乇 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 亘賱賴貙 賵賱蹖 丕夭 賳馗乇 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲跇蹖讴責禺蹖乇.
丕诏賴 卮賲丕 乇賵爻 亘賵丿蹖丿 丕蹖丕 亘賴 丕讴乇丕蹖賳 丨賲賱賴 賳賲蹖讴乇丿蹖丿責亘胤賵乇 蹖賯蹖賳 丨賲賱賴 賲蹖讴乇丿蹖丿貙趩乇丕責 趩賵賳 亘丕蹖丿 乇丕賴蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳蹖丿 讴賴 亘賴 丌亘乇丕賴鈥屬囏й� 诏乇賲 噩賴丕賳 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳蹖丿.
趩乇丕 趩蹖賳 賵 賴賳丿 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵賱蹖 鬲丕 丨丕賱丕 賳噩賳诏蹖丿賳責 亘禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 賳丕蹖爻賳責 禺蹖乇貙 亘禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴蹖賲丕賱蹖丕 亘蹖賳卮賵賳賴!
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丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 噩丕賱亘蹖 賲蹖丿賴 亘丕亘鬲 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩乇丕 噩賴丕賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖賴 丕賱丕賳貙 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗乇 亘賴 賯囟蹖賴 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿賳 賴賲 噩丕賱亘賴 亘賳馗乇賲.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 禺蹖賱蹖 诏賵诏賵賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘賵 賳賵卮鬲賴 亘賵丿貙 讴丕賲賱丕 賯丕亘賱 賮賴賲 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲賴 亘丿賵賳 賴蹖趩 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖 禺丕氐蹖!!!
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丿賱蹖賱 趩賴丕乇 爻鬲丕乇賴 丿丕丿賳 賴賲 丕蹖賳讴賴 丿賵爻 丿丕卮鬲賲 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲孬賱丕 丕乇賵倬丕 亘賳賵蹖爻賴 賵賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 讴賲 亘賵丿馃ゲ
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丿賵爻鬲丕蹖 賯卮賳诏賲 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賵 賳禺賵賳蹖丿 丕賵賳 丕乇卮丕丿 賲夭丿賵乇 賴乇趩蹖 丿爻鬲卮 乇爻蹖丿賴 丨匕賮 讴乇丿賴貙 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿 丌鬲蹖卮 夭丿賳 丕乇卮丕丿馃檶馃徎
丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 乇丕爻鬲丕 賲賳 賮丕蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 氐賵鬲蹖 讴鬲丕亘賵 鬲賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賱诏乇丕賲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賲貙 丕賱亘鬲賴 賮讴 讴賳賲 蹖賴 爻丕賱蹖賴 讴鬲丕亘賵 诏乇賮鬲賲 賴蹖 賯爻賲鬲 賳賲蹖卮丿 诏賵卮 亘丿賲馃槵 丿乇 囟賲賳 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱丕 丿賵卮賵賵丕乇蹖 禺丕氐蹖 賳丿丕乇賴貙 倬爻 賱匕鬲 亘亘乇蹖丿 丕夭 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賳 亘賴卮鈽猴笍
趩乇丕 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 亘夭乇诏鬲乇蹖賳 賯丿乇鬲 丿丕乇賴責 趩賵賳 氐乇賮丕 倬賴賳丕賵乇賴責 禺蹖乇! 讴卮賵乇 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 丕夭 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 賴賲 丿丕乇蹖賲. 亘禺丕胤乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇诏蹖乇蹖卮. 丿乇爻鬲賴 趩蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賲讴丕賳蹖 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 賳丿丕乇賴 賵賱蹖 丕蹖丕 亘賴 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 丕賲乇蹖讴丕 丿爻鬲 倬蹖丿丕 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿責 丕夭 賳馗乇 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 亘賱賴貙 賵賱蹖 丕夭 賳馗乇 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲跇蹖讴責禺蹖乇.
丕诏賴 卮賲丕 乇賵爻 亘賵丿蹖丿 丕蹖丕 亘賴 丕讴乇丕蹖賳 丨賲賱賴 賳賲蹖讴乇丿蹖丿責亘胤賵乇 蹖賯蹖賳 丨賲賱賴 賲蹖讴乇丿蹖丿貙趩乇丕責 趩賵賳 亘丕蹖丿 乇丕賴蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳蹖丿 讴賴 亘賴 丌亘乇丕賴鈥屬囏й� 诏乇賲 噩賴丕賳 丿爻鬲乇爻蹖 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳蹖丿.
趩乇丕 趩蹖賳 賵 賴賳丿 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵賱蹖 鬲丕 丨丕賱丕 賳噩賳诏蹖丿賳責 亘禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 賳丕蹖爻賳責 禺蹖乇貙 亘禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴蹖賲丕賱蹖丕 亘蹖賳卮賵賳賴!
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丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 噩丕賱亘蹖 賲蹖丿賴 亘丕亘鬲 丕蹖賳讴賴 趩乇丕 噩賴丕賳 丕蹖賳胤賵乇蹖賴 丕賱丕賳貙 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲賳馗乇 亘賴 賯囟蹖賴 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿賳 賴賲 噩丕賱亘賴 亘賳馗乇賲.
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 禺蹖賱蹖 诏賵诏賵賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘賵 賳賵卮鬲賴 亘賵丿貙 讴丕賲賱丕 賯丕亘賱 賮賴賲 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲賴 亘丿賵賳 賴蹖趩 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖 禺丕氐蹖!!!
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丿賱蹖賱 趩賴丕乇 爻鬲丕乇賴 丿丕丿賳 賴賲 丕蹖賳讴賴 丿賵爻 丿丕卮鬲賲 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲孬賱丕 丕乇賵倬丕 亘賳賵蹖爻賴 賵賱蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 讴賲 亘賵丿馃ゲ
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丿賵爻鬲丕蹖 賯卮賳诏賲 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘賵 賳禺賵賳蹖丿 丕賵賳 丕乇卮丕丿 賲夭丿賵乇 賴乇趩蹖 丿爻鬲卮 乇爻蹖丿賴 丨匕賮 讴乇丿賴貙 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿 丌鬲蹖卮 夭丿賳 丕乇卮丕丿馃檶馃徎
丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 乇丕爻鬲丕 賲賳 賮丕蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 氐賵鬲蹖 讴鬲丕亘賵 鬲賵 丕蹖賳 鬲賱诏乇丕賲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賲貙 丕賱亘鬲賴 賮讴 讴賳賲 蹖賴 爻丕賱蹖賴 讴鬲丕亘賵 诏乇賮鬲賲 賴蹖 賯爻賲鬲 賳賲蹖卮丿 诏賵卮 亘丿賲馃槵 丿乇 囟賲賳 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱丕 丿賵卮賵賵丕乇蹖 禺丕氐蹖 賳丿丕乇賴貙 倬爻 賱匕鬲 亘亘乇蹖丿 丕夭 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賳 亘賴卮鈽猴笍
September 9, 2020
Para m铆 ha sido una lectura muy interesante, que adem谩s me ha recordado aspectos de la geopol铆tica actual que ten铆a algo obsoletos, y adem谩s he descubierto datos sobre algunos pa铆ses que cre铆a tener actualizados, pero que resulta que no los ten铆a. Que la Geograf铆a determina de forma casi absoluta la importancia estrat茅gica de un pa铆s, es algo conocido. Su disposici贸n a obtener recursos naturales propios sin depender de terceros, tambi茅n. Pero con ayuda de los mapas y de una explicaci贸n m谩s detallada, el lector que est茅 interesado en el tema entender谩 situaciones actuales que vienen determinadas por ambos factores. Aconsejable repaso geo-pol铆tico.
December 7, 2019
Marshall could have kept up the initial presentation and analysis throughout the book, but at some point the editors decided to shorten the pages and compress regions together. As a fellow reviewer says, "It is solid stuff, but after some time this geography thing gets a bit repetitive 鈥� plains, mountains, rivers, plainsmountainsrivers, portsportsports ..."
April 7, 2023
丌賳趩赖 鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 噩亘乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 鈥� 趩诏賵賳賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賲爻蹖乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖 讴賳丿 亘蹖丕賳 讴乇丿賴 乇丕 賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳 賲丕賳賳丿 賲賯丿賲賴 丕蹖 亘乇 亘丨孬 毓馗蹖賲 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丿丕賳爻鬲 貙 丕蹖賳 讴賴 趩诏賵賳賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賵 胤亘蹖毓鬲 賴賲丕賳賳丿 賲丨蹖胤蹖 蹖讴 讴卮賵乇 賵 賲乇丿賲丕賳 丌賳乇丕 丿乇 亘乇 诏乇賮鬲賴 賵 蹖丕 亘賴 亘蹖丕賳蹖 丿蹖诏乇 趩诏賵賳賴 賴賲丕賳賳丿 夭賳丿丕賳蹖 鬲毓乇蹖賮 讴乇丿賴 讴賴 蹖讴 賲賱鬲 趩賴 亘賵丿賴 貙 趩賴 賴爻鬲賳丿 賵 趩賴 丌蹖賳丿賴 丕蹖 禺賵丕賴賳丿 丿丕卮鬲 貙 丿乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 夭賳丿丕賳 賲賱鬲 賴丕 亘賵丿賴 賵 爻乇賳賵卮鬲蹖 賲丨鬲賵賲 賵 丨鬲賲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丌賳賴丕 賲賯丿乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 貙 丕诏乇趩賴 乇賴亘乇丕賳蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿 讴賴 亘丕 丕蹖賳 夭賳丿丕賳 賲禺賵賮 噩賳诏蹖丿賴 賵 鬲賱丕卮 丿乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲賱鬲 禺賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 丕賳丿 .
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿賴 賳賯胤賴 丕夭 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 噩賴丕賳 乇丕 賲禺鬲氐乇 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 貙 乇賵爻蹖赖 貙 趩蹖賳 賵丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丕亘乇賯丿乇鬲 賴丕蹖 賮毓賱蹖 噩賴丕賳 丕夭 賳馗乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 賲夭丕蹖丕 賵 賲毓丕蹖亘 禺賵丿 乇丕 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 亘乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖賱賵賳賴丕 賳賮乇 丕孬乇 賲蹖 诏匕丕乇丿 貙 乇賵爻蹖赖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 丿卮鬲 亘丕夭蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 賱赖爻鬲丕賳 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 貙 丿乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賳丕倬賱卅賵賳 賴乇 賲賴丕噩賲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲爻蹖乇 毓亘賵乇 讴乇丿賴 貙 賴賲蹖賳 賲爻丕賱賴 賲賵噩亘 卮丿賴 讴賴 賱赖爻鬲丕賳 趩賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 鬲夭丕乇賴丕 賵 蹖丕 趩賴 丿乇 丿賵乇丕賳 乇跇蹖賲 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲蹖 亘丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕乇賴丕 亘賱毓蹖丿賴 卮賵丿 賵 賴乇 亘丕乇 賵 亘丕 賴夭蹖賳賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵噩賵丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿 .
丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 賯丿乇鬲 賲爻鬲賯乇 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賲爻丕毓丿 鬲乇蹖賳 卮乇丕蹖胤 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿 貙 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丿賵 丕賯蹖丕賳賵爻 賵 賲爻賱胤 亘賴 乇丕賴 賴丕蹖 丌亘蹖 噩賴丕賳 亘丕 賳蹖乇賵蹖蹖 丿乇蹖丕蹖蹖 賯賵蹖 貙 爻乇夭賲蹖賳蹖 爻乇卮丕乇 丕夭 孬乇賵鬲 賵 賴賲爻丕蹖诏丕賳蹖 囟毓蹖賮 賯丿乇鬲 亘蹖 賲丕賳賳丿蹖 亘賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿丕丿賴 貙 丕诏乇 趩賴 亘賴 卮丿鬲 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 趩蹖賳 丿乇 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賵 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 . 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 毓賱丕賯賴 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 亘賴 賳夭丕毓 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 丕乇賵倬丕 賵 乇賵爻蹖赖 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 趩蹖賳 乇丕 鬲賴丿蹖丿 丕賵賱 禺賵丿 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 讴鬲丕亘 賲賳丕胤賯蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 诏賵蹖蹖 丌賲丕丿賴 丕賳賮噩丕乇 賴爻鬲賳丿 貙 賵丕囟丨 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕賵賱蹖賳 丌賳賴丕 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 ( 噩丕賱亘 丌賳讴賴 讴賱賲賴 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖賴丕 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 卮丿賴 賵 賵丕跇賴 氐丨蹖丨 鬲乇 睾乇亘 丌爻蹖丕爻鬲) 丕爻鬲 貙 賲賳胤賯賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲乇夭賴丕蹖 丌賳 鬲賵爻胤 賱乇丿賴丕蹖 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賲丿丕乇丕賳 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 鬲乇爻蹖賲 卮丿賴 . 丕讴賳賵賳 讴賵卮卮蹖 丿乇 噩乇蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 禺胤賵胤 乇丕 丕夭 賳賵 亘丕 禺賵賳 亘讴卮賳丿 .
丌賳诏賵賳賴 讴賴 爻丕讴賳丕賳 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 賲丕 丨爻 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 賴賲賵丕乇賴 亘賴 卮讴賱 禺胤乇賳丕讴蹖 卮毓賱賴 賵乇 賵 丌賲丕丿賴 丕賳賮噩丕乇 丕爻鬲 貙 賳讴亘鬲 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 噩毓賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 讴賴賳 丿乇爻鬲 讴乇丿賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賱丕蹖賱 丌卮賵亘 賵 賳丕丌乇丕賲蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 讴賴賳 亘賵丿賴 貙 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 毓乇亘爻鬲丕賳 爻毓賵丿蹖 貙 丕乇丿賳 賴丕卮賲蹖 貙毓乇丕賯 賵 丕爻乇丕蹖蹖賱 乇丕 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 爻賵乇蹖賴 賵 賱亘賳丕賳 乇丕 賮乇丕賳爻賴 丨蹖丕鬲 亘禺卮蹖丿賴 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 讴卮賵乇賴丕 亘丿賵賳 丌诏丕賴蹖 賵卮賳丕禺鬲 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賵 賯亘丕蹖賱 貙 诏乇賵賴蹖 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿乇 鬲囟丕丿 亘丕 丿蹖賳 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賵 禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 賴丕蹖 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 讴卮蹖丿賳 禺胤蹖 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲乇夭 夭蹖乇 倬乇趩賲 蹖讴 讴卮賵乇 诏乇丿 丌賵乇丿賴 丕賳丿 貙 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丌賳 噩賳诏 賴丕蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 賱亘賳丕賳 貙 丕賮睾丕賳爻鬲丕賳 賵 賳夭丕毓 賴丕蹖 丿丕卅賲 賲蹖丕賳 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 睾乇亘 丌爻蹖丕 亘賵丿賴 .
賴賳丿 賵 倬丕讴爻鬲丕賳 貙 亘丨乇丕賳 讴乇賴 貙卮賲丕賱诏丕賳 貙 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 讴鬲丕亘 噩亘乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賴爻鬲賳丿 貙 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖 丌賳賴丕 鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 貙 讴賵賴 賴丕 貙 丿卮鬲 賴丕 賵 亘蹖丕亘丕賳 賴丕 貙 乇賵丿賴丕 賵 丿乇蹖丕趩賴 賴丕 賵 噩賳诏賱賴丕 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 胤亘蹖毓蹖 乇丕 毓賵丕賲賱 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 賵 丕孬乇 诏匕乇丕 丿丕賳爻鬲賴 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 乇丕 爻胤丨蹖 賵 夭賵丿诏匕乇 賵 鬲丕亘毓 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 .
鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘丕 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 賵 亘賴 丿賵乇 丕夭 賴乇 诏賵賳賴 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 貙 讴賱丕賲 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 胤賳夭蹖 鬲賱禺 丿丕乇丿 貙 丕賵 亘丕 胤毓賳賴 卮蹖胤賳鬲 賵 禺亘丕孬鬲 睾乇亘 乇丕 丿乇 毓賳賵丕賳 睾乇亘蹖 賴丕蹖 爻丕丿賴 丿賱 倬賵卮丕賳丿賴 貙 賴乇 趩賳丿 讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 丿乇 亘丕胤賳 亘丕 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 丿乇 鬲丕蹖蹖丿 賳賯卮 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賴賲丿賱 亘丕卮丿 . 賲丕乇卮丕賱 毓賵丕賲賱 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 胤賵賱 賴夭丕乇丕賳 爻丕賱 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 毓賵丕賲賱 卮讴賱 诏蹖乇蹖 賵 蹖丕 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 鬲賲丿賳 賴丕 亘賵丿賴 丕诏乇趩賴 倬乇乇賳诏 賵 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 讴乇丿賴 丕賲丕 丕賵賴賲 丕卮丕乇賴 丕蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 亘丕 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 丿丕賳卮 賵 賮賳 丌賵乇蹖 貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇蹖 丿賵乇 蹖丕 賳夭丿蹖讴 丕蹖賳 毓丕賲賱 賲賴賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 亘丿賴丿 .
丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 噩亘乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 讴鬲丕亘蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 貙 讴賴 亘丕 賮乇丿 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 賲丿鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 貙 亘賴 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 讴賴 丿乇 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賲丕 亘賴 卮丿鬲 賲賵孬乇 亘賵丿賴 貙 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲丕 乇丕 賴賲 賲卮禺氐 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿 貙 丕賱亘鬲賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘丕 賯丿乇鬲蹖 讴賲鬲乇
賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿賴 賳賯胤賴 丕夭 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 噩賴丕賳 乇丕 賲禺鬲氐乇 亘乇乇爻蹖 讴乇丿賴 貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 貙 乇賵爻蹖赖 貙 趩蹖賳 賵丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丕亘乇賯丿乇鬲 賴丕蹖 賮毓賱蹖 噩賴丕賳 丕夭 賳馗乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賴乇 讴丿丕賲 賲夭丕蹖丕 賵 賲毓丕蹖亘 禺賵丿 乇丕 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 亘乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖賱賵賳賴丕 賳賮乇 丕孬乇 賲蹖 诏匕丕乇丿 貙 乇賵爻蹖赖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 丿卮鬲 亘丕夭蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 賱赖爻鬲丕賳 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 貙 丿乇 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賳丕倬賱卅賵賳 賴乇 賲賴丕噩賲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲爻蹖乇 毓亘賵乇 讴乇丿賴 貙 賴賲蹖賳 賲爻丕賱賴 賲賵噩亘 卮丿賴 讴賴 賱赖爻鬲丕賳 趩賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 鬲夭丕乇賴丕 賵 蹖丕 趩賴 丿乇 丿賵乇丕賳 乇跇蹖賲 讴賲賵賳蹖爻鬲蹖 亘丕乇賴丕 賵 亘丕乇賴丕 亘賱毓蹖丿賴 卮賵丿 賵 賴乇 亘丕乇 賵 亘丕 賴夭蹖賳賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵噩賵丿蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘丿爻鬲 丌賵乇丿 .
丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 賯丿乇鬲 賲爻鬲賯乇 蹖毓賳蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賲爻丕毓丿 鬲乇蹖賳 卮乇丕蹖胤 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 丿丕乇丿 貙 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丿賵 丕賯蹖丕賳賵爻 賵 賲爻賱胤 亘賴 乇丕賴 賴丕蹖 丌亘蹖 噩賴丕賳 亘丕 賳蹖乇賵蹖蹖 丿乇蹖丕蹖蹖 賯賵蹖 貙 爻乇夭賲蹖賳蹖 爻乇卮丕乇 丕夭 孬乇賵鬲 賵 賴賲爻丕蹖诏丕賳蹖 囟毓蹖賮 賯丿乇鬲 亘蹖 賲丕賳賳丿蹖 亘賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿丕丿賴 貙 丕诏乇 趩賴 亘賴 卮丿鬲 丕夭 噩丕賳亘 趩蹖賳 丿乇 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賵 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賲蹖 卮賵丿 . 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 毓賱丕賯賴 趩賳丿丕賳蹖 亘賴 賳夭丕毓 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 丕乇賵倬丕 賵 乇賵爻蹖赖 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 趩蹖賳 乇丕 鬲賴丿蹖丿 丕賵賱 禺賵丿 賲蹖 丿丕賳丿 .
賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 讴鬲丕亘 賲賳丕胤賯蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 诏賵蹖蹖 丌賲丕丿賴 丕賳賮噩丕乇 賴爻鬲賳丿 貙 賵丕囟丨 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕賵賱蹖賳 丌賳賴丕 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 ( 噩丕賱亘 丌賳讴賴 讴賱賲賴 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖賴丕 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 卮丿賴 賵 賵丕跇賴 氐丨蹖丨 鬲乇 睾乇亘 丌爻蹖丕爻鬲) 丕爻鬲 貙 賲賳胤賯賴 丕蹖 讴賴 賲乇夭賴丕蹖 丌賳 鬲賵爻胤 賱乇丿賴丕蹖 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賲丿丕乇丕賳 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 鬲乇爻蹖賲 卮丿賴 . 丕讴賳賵賳 讴賵卮卮蹖 丿乇 噩乇蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 禺胤賵胤 乇丕 丕夭 賳賵 亘丕 禺賵賳 亘讴卮賳丿 .
丌賳诏賵賳賴 讴賴 爻丕讴賳丕賳 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 丕夭 噩賲賱賴 賲丕 丨爻 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 賴賲賵丕乇賴 亘賴 卮讴賱 禺胤乇賳丕讴蹖 卮毓賱賴 賵乇 賵 丌賲丕丿賴 丕賳賮噩丕乇 丕爻鬲 貙 賳讴亘鬲 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 噩毓賱蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 讴賴賳 丿乇爻鬲 讴乇丿賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賱丕蹖賱 丌卮賵亘 賵 賳丕丌乇丕賲蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 讴賴賳 亘賵丿賴 貙 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 毓乇亘爻鬲丕賳 爻毓賵丿蹖 貙 丕乇丿賳 賴丕卮賲蹖 貙毓乇丕賯 賵 丕爻乇丕蹖蹖賱 乇丕 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵 爻賵乇蹖賴 賵 賱亘賳丕賳 乇丕 賮乇丕賳爻賴 丨蹖丕鬲 亘禺卮蹖丿賴 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 讴卮賵乇賴丕 亘丿賵賳 丌诏丕賴蹖 賵卮賳丕禺鬲 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賵 賯亘丕蹖賱 貙 诏乇賵賴蹖 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿乇 鬲囟丕丿 亘丕 丿蹖賳 賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 賵 禺丕爻鬲诏丕賴 賴丕蹖 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 亘丕 讴卮蹖丿賳 禺胤蹖 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賲乇夭 夭蹖乇 倬乇趩賲 蹖讴 讴卮賵乇 诏乇丿 丌賵乇丿賴 丕賳丿 貙 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丌賳 噩賳诏 賴丕蹖 丿丕禺賱蹖 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 賱亘賳丕賳 貙 丕賮睾丕賳爻鬲丕賳 賵 賳夭丕毓 賴丕蹖 丿丕卅賲 賲蹖丕賳 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 睾乇亘 丌爻蹖丕 亘賵丿賴 .
賴賳丿 賵 倬丕讴爻鬲丕賳 貙 亘丨乇丕賳 讴乇賴 貙卮賲丕賱诏丕賳 貙 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 賵 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 賱丕鬲蹖賳 賮氐賱 賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 讴鬲丕亘 噩亘乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賴爻鬲賳丿 貙 丿乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖 丌賳賴丕 鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 貙 讴賵賴 賴丕 貙 丿卮鬲 賴丕 賵 亘蹖丕亘丕賳 賴丕 貙 乇賵丿賴丕 賵 丿乇蹖丕趩賴 賴丕 賵 噩賳诏賱賴丕 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 胤亘蹖毓蹖 乇丕 毓賵丕賲賱 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖 賵 丕孬乇 诏匕乇丕 丿丕賳爻鬲賴 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 乇丕 爻胤丨蹖 賵 夭賵丿诏匕乇 賵 鬲丕亘毓 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 .
鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 亘丕 夭亘丕賳蹖 爻丕丿賴 賵 亘賴 丿賵乇 丕夭 賴乇 诏賵賳賴 倬蹖趩蹖丿诏蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 貙 讴賱丕賲 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 胤賳夭蹖 鬲賱禺 丿丕乇丿 貙 丕賵 亘丕 胤毓賳賴 卮蹖胤賳鬲 賵 禺亘丕孬鬲 睾乇亘 乇丕 丿乇 毓賳賵丕賳 睾乇亘蹖 賴丕蹖 爻丕丿賴 丿賱 倬賵卮丕賳丿賴 貙 賴乇 趩賳丿 讴賴 卮丕蹖丿 丿乇 亘丕胤賳 亘丕 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 丿乇 鬲丕蹖蹖丿 賳賯卮 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賴賲丿賱 亘丕卮丿 . 賲丕乇卮丕賱 毓賵丕賲賱 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 乇丕 讴賴 丿乇 胤賵賱 賴夭丕乇丕賳 爻丕賱 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 毓賵丕賲賱 卮讴賱 诏蹖乇蹖 賵 蹖丕 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 鬲賲丿賳 賴丕 亘賵丿賴 丕诏乇趩賴 倬乇乇賳诏 賵 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 讴乇丿賴 丕賲丕 丕賵賴賲 丕卮丕乇賴 丕蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 亘丕 倬蹖卮乇賮鬲 丿丕賳卮 賵 賮賳 丌賵乇蹖 貙 乇賵夭诏丕乇蹖 丿賵乇 蹖丕 賳夭丿蹖讴 丕蹖賳 毓丕賲賱 賲賴賲 丕賴賲蹖鬲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 亘丿賴丿 .
丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 噩亘乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 讴鬲丕亘蹖 丕蹖爻鬲 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲 貙 讴賴 亘丕 賮乇丿 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 賲丿鬲 讴丕乇蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 貙 亘賴 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 讴賴 丿乇 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賲丕 亘賴 卮丿鬲 賲賵孬乇 亘賵丿賴 貙 丌蹖賳丿賴 賲丕 乇丕 賴賲 賲卮禺氐 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿 貙 丕賱亘鬲賴 卮丕蹖丿 亘丕 賯丿乇鬲蹖 讴賲鬲乇
February 8, 2023
爻丕賱 酃鄱 讴賱丕爻 亘蹖诏蹖賳乇 丿丕卮鬲賲 賵 亘丕蹖丿 丕爻賲 讴卮賵乇鈥屬囏� 乇賵 亘賴卮賵賳 蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫ж�. 蹖讴 丕胤賱爻 噩賴丕賳 亘丕 禺賵丿賲 亘乇丿賲 賵 讴賮 讴賱丕爻 倬賴賳 讴乇丿賲. 卮丕诏乇丿丕賲 讴賴 賴賲賴 亘夭乇诏爻丕賱 亘賵丿賳 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕賸 賴蹖趩讴丿賵賲 噩丕蹖 鬲賯乇蹖亘蹖 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 賲賴賲 乇賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池嗀� 賵 丨鬲蹖 亘丕 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 賯丕乇賴鈥屬囏� 賴賲 賲卮讴賱 丿丕卮鬲賳丿. 亘賴 賲賳 睾乇 賲蹖鈥屫藏嗀� 讴賴 丕蹖賳噩丕 讴賱丕爻 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖賴 賳賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖
爻丕賱 郾鄞郯郾 禺賵丿賲 爻乇 讴賱丕爻 亘蹖诏蹖賳乇 丕爻倬丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖鈥屫з�. 賲毓賱賲 丕夭賲 賲蹖鈥屬矩必迟� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 乇賵蹖 賳賯卮賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘 讴噩丕爻鬲 賵 賵賯鬲蹖 噩賵丕亘 賲蹖丿賲 賲蹖诏賴 賳賴 睾賱胤賴 賵 亘賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕氐乇丕乇 丕夭 賲賳 賵 丕賳讴丕乇 丕夭 賲毓賱賲 鬲丕 丌禺乇 賯亘賵賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 鬲賵 賯丕乇賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 卮賲丕賱蹖賴. 亘毓丿卮賲 賲蹖鈥屫嗀� 賵 賲蹖诏賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖賲 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲
丕蹖賳 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏� 賳賴 賲禺鬲氐 賲乇丿賲 丕蹖乇丕賳賴 賵 賳賴 賲賳 賳賵卮鬲賲卮賵賳 讴賴 亘诏賲 賲賳 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁�. 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘诏賲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬�. 亘丕蹖丿 亘倬匕蹖乇蹖賲 賵 蹖丕丿 亘诏蹖乇蹖賲
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘蹖鈥屬嗀港屫� 賮賯胤 讴鬲丕亘 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賳蹖爻鬲. 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 芦鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱禄 蹖讴 賲鬲禺氐氐 跇卅賵倬賱蹖鬲蹖讴賴 賵 亘丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 丿賴 賳丕丨蹖賴 賲賴賲 讴乇賴鈥屰� 夭賲蹖賳 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴 讴賴 趩胤賵乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賵 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇诏蹖乇蹖 賴乇 讴卮賵乇 賵 賲賳胤賯賴 亘乇 乇賵蹖 爻蹖丕爻鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丕夭 诏匕卮鬲賴 鬲丕 丕賱丕賳 賵 賲蹖夭丕賳 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賵 卮讴爻鬲卮 鬲兀孬蹖乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賴鈥�
丿賱蹖賱 賯丿乇鬲 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 趩蹖賴責
丿賱蹖賱 噩賳诏 丕賵讴乇丕蹖賳 趩蹖賴責
趩乇丕 鬲亘鬲 亘乇丕蹖 趩蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲跇蹖讴賴責
趩乇丕 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 乇賵夭 丕賮鬲丕丿賴責
趩乇丕 賴賳丿 賵 倬丕讴爻鬲丕賳 丿卮賲賳丕賳 丕亘丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿責
趩乇丕 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丿乇 禺胤乇賴責
趩乇丕 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 丕賵賱蹖賳 賲丨賱 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏ж池� 亘賴 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱 毓賯亘鈥屬呚з嗀� 賵 賮賯蹖乇賴責
賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘诏賲 趩賴 鬲毓丿丕丿 爻賵丕賱 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賳丿丕卮鬲賴鈥屬� 亘丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿賴 卮丿. 鬲丕孬蹖乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 讴賵賴鈥屬囏ж� 噩賳诏賱鈥屬囏ж� 亘蹖丕亘丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 乇賵丿賴丕 亘乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 丕賳賯丿乇 亘乇丕賲 賵丕囟丨 賳卮丿賴 亘賵丿.賴賲賵賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 讴賴 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 丿賳蹖丕 賵 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖賳 賯乇賳 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 賲乇夭亘賳丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 睾賱胤 賵 夭賵乇蹖 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕賲倬乇蹖丕賱蹖爻賲 賵 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇诏乇賴. 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 卮丕蹖丿 噩爻鬲賴 诏乇蹖禺鬲賴 丿乇 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賵 禺亘乇賴丕 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賵 卮賳蹖丿賴 亘丕卮蹖賲貙 賵賱蹖 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲禺鬲氐乇 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀� 鬲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 亘賴鬲乇 丿蹖丿賴 亘卮賴
丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 芦夭賳丿丕賳蹖丕賳 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕禄 讴乇卮 讴賵乇爻蹖 丿乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲賴. 丿丕賳卮蹖 倬丕蹖賴 讴賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賳卮 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 噩賴丕賳 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲卮 囟乇賵乇蹖賴
讴鬲丕亘 氐賵鬲蹖 亘丕 賳爻禺賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賴 賵 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 禺賱丕氐賴鈥屫� 卮丿賴 賵 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏й� 乇蹖夭 丨匕賮 卮丿賴. 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳貙 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賴爻鬲 賵 賳爻禺賴 氐賵鬲蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 卮丿賴 (讴賱賲丕鬲貙 賵丕丨丿賴丕蹖 丕賳丿丕夭賴鈥屭屫臂� 賵 睾蹖乇賴). 丕賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵亘賴 賵 丕噩乇丕蹖 毓丕賱蹖鈥屫й� 賴賲 丿丕乇賴
讴丕賳丕賱 鬲賱诏乇丕賲 乇蹖賵蹖賵賴丕 賵 丿丕賳賱賵丿 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏�
郾鄞郯郾/郾郾/郾酃
爻丕賱 郾鄞郯郾 禺賵丿賲 爻乇 讴賱丕爻 亘蹖诏蹖賳乇 丕爻倬丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖鈥屫з�. 賲毓賱賲 丕夭賲 賲蹖鈥屬矩必迟� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 乇賵蹖 賳賯卮賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘 讴噩丕爻鬲 賵 賵賯鬲蹖 噩賵丕亘 賲蹖丿賲 賲蹖诏賴 賳賴 睾賱胤賴 賵 亘賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕氐乇丕乇 丕夭 賲賳 賵 丕賳讴丕乇 丕夭 賲毓賱賲 鬲丕 丌禺乇 賯亘賵賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 鬲賵 賯丕乇賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖 卮賲丕賱蹖賴. 亘毓丿卮賲 賲蹖鈥屫嗀� 賵 賲蹖诏賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖賲 禺賵亘 賳蹖爻鬲
丕蹖賳 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏� 賳賴 賲禺鬲氐 賲乇丿賲 丕蹖乇丕賳賴 賵 賳賴 賲賳 賳賵卮鬲賲卮賵賳 讴賴 亘诏賲 賲賳 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁�. 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 亘诏賲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬�. 亘丕蹖丿 亘倬匕蹖乇蹖賲 賵 蹖丕丿 亘诏蹖乇蹖賲
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘蹖鈥屬嗀港屫� 賮賯胤 讴鬲丕亘 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賳蹖爻鬲. 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 芦鬲蹖賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱禄 蹖讴 賲鬲禺氐氐 跇卅賵倬賱蹖鬲蹖讴賴 賵 亘丕 亘乇乇爻蹖 丿賴 賳丕丨蹖賴 賲賴賲 讴乇賴鈥屰� 夭賲蹖賳 鬲賵囟蹖丨 賲蹖丿賴 讴賴 趩胤賵乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賵 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 賯乇丕乇诏蹖乇蹖 賴乇 讴卮賵乇 賵 賲賳胤賯賴 亘乇 乇賵蹖 爻蹖丕爻鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丕夭 诏匕卮鬲賴 鬲丕 丕賱丕賳 賵 賲蹖夭丕賳 賲賵賮賯蹖鬲 賵 卮讴爻鬲卮 鬲兀孬蹖乇 诏匕丕卮鬲賴鈥�
丿賱蹖賱 賯丿乇鬲 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 趩蹖賴責
丿賱蹖賱 噩賳诏 丕賵讴乇丕蹖賳 趩蹖賴責
趩乇丕 鬲亘鬲 亘乇丕蹖 趩蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲跇蹖讴賴責
趩乇丕 禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 乇賵夭 丕賮鬲丕丿賴責
趩乇丕 賴賳丿 賵 倬丕讴爻鬲丕賳 丿卮賲賳丕賳 丕亘丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿責
趩乇丕 丕鬲丨丕丿蹖賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丿乇 禺胤乇賴責
趩乇丕 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 丕蹖賳讴賴 丌賮乇蹖賯丕 丕賵賱蹖賳 賲丨賱 夭賳丿诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏ж池� 亘賴 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱 毓賯亘鈥屬呚з嗀� 賵 賮賯蹖乇賴責
賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘诏賲 趩賴 鬲毓丿丕丿 爻賵丕賱 丿丕卮鬲賴 賵 賳丿丕卮鬲賴鈥屬� 亘丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 噩賵丕亘 丿丕丿賴 卮丿. 鬲丕孬蹖乇 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲 讴賵賴鈥屬囏ж� 噩賳诏賱鈥屬囏ж� 亘蹖丕亘丕賳鈥屬囏� 賵 乇賵丿賴丕 亘乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賴蹖趩賵賯鬲 丕賳賯丿乇 亘乇丕賲 賵丕囟丨 賳卮丿賴 亘賵丿.賴賲賵賳胤賵乇 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 讴賴 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 賲卮讴賱丕鬲 丿賳蹖丕 賵 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖賳 賯乇賳 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 賲乇夭亘賳丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 睾賱胤 賵 夭賵乇蹖 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕賲倬乇蹖丕賱蹖爻賲 賵 丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇诏乇賴. 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇賵 卮丕蹖丿 噩爻鬲賴 诏乇蹖禺鬲賴 丿乇 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賵 禺亘乇賴丕 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賵 卮賳蹖丿賴 亘丕卮蹖賲貙 賵賱蹖 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲禺鬲氐乇 丿乇 讴賳丕乇 賴賲 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀� 鬲丕 鬲氐賵蹖乇 亘夭乇诏鬲乇 亘賴鬲乇 丿蹖丿賴 亘卮賴
丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 芦夭賳丿丕賳蹖丕賳 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕禄 讴乇卮 讴賵乇爻蹖 丿乇 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕貙 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賵 爻蹖丕爻鬲賴. 丿丕賳卮蹖 倬丕蹖賴 讴賴 丿丕賳爻鬲賳卮 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 噩賴丕賳 賵 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲卮 囟乇賵乇蹖賴
讴鬲丕亘 氐賵鬲蹖 亘丕 賳爻禺賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘 讴賲蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賴 賵 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 禺賱丕氐賴鈥屫� 卮丿賴 賵 賲孬丕賱鈥屬囏й� 乇蹖夭 丨匕賮 卮丿賴. 毓賱丕賵賴 亘乇 丕蹖賳貙 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 賴爻鬲 賵 賳爻禺賴 氐賵鬲蹖 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 卮丿賴 (讴賱賲丕鬲貙 賵丕丨丿賴丕蹖 丕賳丿丕夭賴鈥屭屫臂� 賵 睾蹖乇賴). 丕賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賵亘賴 賵 丕噩乇丕蹖 毓丕賱蹖鈥屫й� 賴賲 丿丕乇賴
讴丕賳丕賱 鬲賱诏乇丕賲 乇蹖賵蹖賵賴丕 賵 丿丕賳賱賵丿 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏�
郾鄞郯郾/郾郾/郾酃
July 3, 2024
賲賳 賷賳爻賶 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賮賷 丨爻丕亘丕鬲 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 賱丕 賷賲賰賳賴 兀亘丿丕 兀賳 賷賴夭賲賴丕
賮賷 丕毓鬲賯丕丿賷 兀孬亘鬲鬲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱乇賵爻賷丞 丕賱兀賵賰乇丕賳賷丞 兀賳 乇賵爻賷丕 賱丕 夭丕賱鬲 鬲丨賰賲賴丕 毓賯丿丞 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵毓賯丿丞 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕
賮賷 丕毓鬲賯丕丿賷 兀孬亘鬲鬲 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱乇賵爻賷丞 丕賱兀賵賰乇丕賳賷丞 兀賳 乇賵爻賷丕 賱丕 夭丕賱鬲 鬲丨賰賲賴丕 毓賯丿丞 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵毓賯丿丞 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕
June 11, 2024
The 5 star doesn鈥檛 mean that I agree with everything in the book, rather that it was incredibly interesting and engagingly written. I will be reading this again! So 5 stars!
August 25, 2022
A useful and enjoyable book. It is a good aide memoire for those who are reasonably well read in history and current affairs or an easily accessible starter for those who are new to the areas.
I learned some new things, notably on South America and within each section. I felt the geography was under done and could have been explored further but I assume for space and target audience this is the right spot. Mr Marshall writes much of the historic aspects on the formation, rivalries and areas of each focus area (these divided into chapters) and the brings us up to date (my version was a 2019 reissue). Naturally then it does not included Covid, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and other events such as the spat between Australia and China in late 2018, Biden's election, Bolivia's (re)election of Morales, the AUKUS deal, the Taliban in Afghanistan and the growth of cyber attacks and how that has impacted civil infrastructure as let alone elections in some areas.
China looms large in the book now having interests in all parts of the world notably with its Belt and Road initiative and of course territorial claims on Taiwan. There were some other interesting countries who have claims on islands or areas, which I was unaware of. Technology also plays a part in the book but again I felt the Suez and Panama canals were not discussed enough in the context of trade and power projection, much like aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and jet aircraft; likewise tourism and how this impacted nations incomes and indeed cultures and changes to national character; here again how has geography affected trade and for example global branding - Nike, Coca Cola, Apple, McDonalds and Tesla for example.
I felt religion and culture could have played more a part in the overall narrative, notably radical Islam. This is debated in the Africa and Middle East chapters but could be more detailed especially in Asia and Europe.
The maps were sufficient but in my paperback were black and white. I imagine the hardback version would be blessed with colour.
Overall a solid three stars.
I learned some new things, notably on South America and within each section. I felt the geography was under done and could have been explored further but I assume for space and target audience this is the right spot. Mr Marshall writes much of the historic aspects on the formation, rivalries and areas of each focus area (these divided into chapters) and the brings us up to date (my version was a 2019 reissue). Naturally then it does not included Covid, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and other events such as the spat between Australia and China in late 2018, Biden's election, Bolivia's (re)election of Morales, the AUKUS deal, the Taliban in Afghanistan and the growth of cyber attacks and how that has impacted civil infrastructure as let alone elections in some areas.
China looms large in the book now having interests in all parts of the world notably with its Belt and Road initiative and of course territorial claims on Taiwan. There were some other interesting countries who have claims on islands or areas, which I was unaware of. Technology also plays a part in the book but again I felt the Suez and Panama canals were not discussed enough in the context of trade and power projection, much like aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and jet aircraft; likewise tourism and how this impacted nations incomes and indeed cultures and changes to national character; here again how has geography affected trade and for example global branding - Nike, Coca Cola, Apple, McDonalds and Tesla for example.
I felt religion and culture could have played more a part in the overall narrative, notably radical Islam. This is debated in the Africa and Middle East chapters but could be more detailed especially in Asia and Europe.
The maps were sufficient but in my paperback were black and white. I imagine the hardback version would be blessed with colour.
Overall a solid three stars.
February 26, 2019
Have to say Tim Marshall has done an excellent job of this book and providing a relatively simple baseline for geopolitics, and providing a plain English explanation for historical, and not so historical political decisions and the effects of geography related to these.
Marshall says in his introduction, which is a good paragraph summary:
The book benefits from it logical and organised structure - a chapter per continent (roughly), and the more basic principles explained first (with Russia) which are expanded upon in further chapters to explain their interactions with, for example China, then the USA. The chapter headings are: Russia, China, USA, Western Europe, Africa, The Middle East, India and Pakistan, Korea and Japan, Latin America, and The Arctic.
Secondary to the physical geography explained here, are the natural resources within a country. These clearly also influence politics, given the world dependency on oil and gas. Couple this with natural geography suitable for a harbour, and access to shipping lanes and a more rounded picture is painted.
First published in 2015, the edition I have says it is a revised and updated edition, published 2016, but makes various references to events in 2017, so has obviously been quickly updated again.
The only minor criticism I have is the subtitle (ten maps that tell you everything you need to know about global politics) - couldn't be farther from the truth - the maps are nothing special, just basic maps. The maps are nothing without the explanation that goes with it.
Others have been critical about the generality of the book, and lack of detail, but I think that misses the point - that the book is introductory, and aimed as a starting point for geopolitics, and I enjoyed that it was a quick easy read that didn't rely on me to think it all through for too long!
There is apparently to be a second book covering the smaller nations, which I will keep an eye out for.
4 stars.
Marshall says in his introduction, which is a good paragraph summary:
The land on which we live has always shaped us. It has shaped the wars, the power, politics and social development of the people that now inhabit nearly every part of the earth... The choices of those who lead the seven billion inhabitants of this planet will to some degree always be shaped by the rivers, mountains, deserts, lakes and seas that constrain us all - as they always have.
The book benefits from it logical and organised structure - a chapter per continent (roughly), and the more basic principles explained first (with Russia) which are expanded upon in further chapters to explain their interactions with, for example China, then the USA. The chapter headings are: Russia, China, USA, Western Europe, Africa, The Middle East, India and Pakistan, Korea and Japan, Latin America, and The Arctic.
Secondary to the physical geography explained here, are the natural resources within a country. These clearly also influence politics, given the world dependency on oil and gas. Couple this with natural geography suitable for a harbour, and access to shipping lanes and a more rounded picture is painted.
First published in 2015, the edition I have says it is a revised and updated edition, published 2016, but makes various references to events in 2017, so has obviously been quickly updated again.
The only minor criticism I have is the subtitle (ten maps that tell you everything you need to know about global politics) - couldn't be farther from the truth - the maps are nothing special, just basic maps. The maps are nothing without the explanation that goes with it.
Others have been critical about the generality of the book, and lack of detail, but I think that misses the point - that the book is introductory, and aimed as a starting point for geopolitics, and I enjoyed that it was a quick easy read that didn't rely on me to think it all through for too long!
There is apparently to be a second book covering the smaller nations, which I will keep an eye out for.
4 stars.
August 7, 2015
Prisoners of Geography 鈥� A Much needed lesson
As someone whose family has been victims of the Geography of where they lived and who they were in an often much forgotten episode of the Second World War. People forget that when the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939 their allies Russia invaded Poland on the 17th September 1939. My great-Grandmother was 鈥榚xiled鈥� to Siberia because her son was fighting for the enemy (the Polish Government) and her husband was an officer in the Polish Police. My Grandfather escaped a Nazi POW camp made his way to France and after its fall to the UK. My great-Grandfather was never heard of again, and members of my family perished at Katyn, when my great-Grandmother was released in 1946 from Siberia, she could not go home, as her home was in the Stalin creation of Western Ukraine and was 鈥榤oved鈥� to Krakow.
Many Eastern European Governments did not speak out when Russia moved in to the Crimea region whereas Western Leaders could not help themselves but make comments. Why the difference? Partly geography and mainly history, Crimea had been Russian until 1964 when Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine, oh and Khrushchev was a Ukrainian. What we have not heard is a lot about Russia鈥檚 interference in Eastern Ukraine which Eastern Europe is very concerned about.
Tim Marshall鈥檚 excellent book Prisoners of Geography which examines ten maps of the world and then given a concise geopolitical history of that region. You will find out why Russian is concerned about Europe鈥檚 eastern border countries, and why it sees Poland as the gateway to the Russian plains as well as the European plains, and feels pretty secure with its other borders.
There is also an excellent examination on why China has finally come from behind the bamboo curtain and playing an active part with investments across the Asiatic content. That they are not afraid to sabre rattle amongst the USA naval fleet when it sails too close to China.
We also get examinations of the Middle East, which is very apt, with some excellent analysis which some of our political leaders could do with and understanding before making crass statements on what is happening there. In the chapter that covers the Middle East the reader is reminded very much of the artificial borders that were drawn up by the Sykes-Picot Agreement in May 1916, a secret agreement that was concluded by two British and French diplomats. The Sykes-Picot Agreement involved itself with the partition of the Ottoman Empire once World War One had ended. The consequences of which are still reverberating throughout the Middle East and people wonder why the British are not trusted by countries such as Iran.
There are also excellent chapters that cover Africa, Korea and Japan, the United States as well as the southern Americas. One could go forensically through all the chapters and set them out here but the reader needs to engage this book.
What Tim Marshall gives the reader is an excellent lesson and reminders that geography influences political decisions, strategic decisions of governments and the attitudes of the people. This book also can open one鈥檚 eyes to the fact that geography gives context to political and historical events such as revolutions or various embargos that happen across the globe.
This is an excellent book which students of geography, history and politics should be required to read and those not so bright people that get elected to Parliaments need to read. This book puts a lot of recent and historical events in to context and understanding that context is so important. Buy this book, borrow this book and give this book it is too important to remain on the shelves getting dusty.
As someone whose family has been victims of the Geography of where they lived and who they were in an often much forgotten episode of the Second World War. People forget that when the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939 their allies Russia invaded Poland on the 17th September 1939. My great-Grandmother was 鈥榚xiled鈥� to Siberia because her son was fighting for the enemy (the Polish Government) and her husband was an officer in the Polish Police. My Grandfather escaped a Nazi POW camp made his way to France and after its fall to the UK. My great-Grandfather was never heard of again, and members of my family perished at Katyn, when my great-Grandmother was released in 1946 from Siberia, she could not go home, as her home was in the Stalin creation of Western Ukraine and was 鈥榤oved鈥� to Krakow.
Many Eastern European Governments did not speak out when Russia moved in to the Crimea region whereas Western Leaders could not help themselves but make comments. Why the difference? Partly geography and mainly history, Crimea had been Russian until 1964 when Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine, oh and Khrushchev was a Ukrainian. What we have not heard is a lot about Russia鈥檚 interference in Eastern Ukraine which Eastern Europe is very concerned about.
Tim Marshall鈥檚 excellent book Prisoners of Geography which examines ten maps of the world and then given a concise geopolitical history of that region. You will find out why Russian is concerned about Europe鈥檚 eastern border countries, and why it sees Poland as the gateway to the Russian plains as well as the European plains, and feels pretty secure with its other borders.
There is also an excellent examination on why China has finally come from behind the bamboo curtain and playing an active part with investments across the Asiatic content. That they are not afraid to sabre rattle amongst the USA naval fleet when it sails too close to China.
We also get examinations of the Middle East, which is very apt, with some excellent analysis which some of our political leaders could do with and understanding before making crass statements on what is happening there. In the chapter that covers the Middle East the reader is reminded very much of the artificial borders that were drawn up by the Sykes-Picot Agreement in May 1916, a secret agreement that was concluded by two British and French diplomats. The Sykes-Picot Agreement involved itself with the partition of the Ottoman Empire once World War One had ended. The consequences of which are still reverberating throughout the Middle East and people wonder why the British are not trusted by countries such as Iran.
There are also excellent chapters that cover Africa, Korea and Japan, the United States as well as the southern Americas. One could go forensically through all the chapters and set them out here but the reader needs to engage this book.
What Tim Marshall gives the reader is an excellent lesson and reminders that geography influences political decisions, strategic decisions of governments and the attitudes of the people. This book also can open one鈥檚 eyes to the fact that geography gives context to political and historical events such as revolutions or various embargos that happen across the globe.
This is an excellent book which students of geography, history and politics should be required to read and those not so bright people that get elected to Parliaments need to read. This book puts a lot of recent and historical events in to context and understanding that context is so important. Buy this book, borrow this book and give this book it is too important to remain on the shelves getting dusty.
December 31, 2019
The title of this book is less an indication of content than it is a simple structuring device; an organizational tool used by the author to set his margins decisively enough to free his mind for the text to come. While he does supply ten (plus) maps of the regions of our world, he will not be poring over them with us. Instead, he unleashes his extraordinary grasp of geopolitics in as clean, as direct, and as powerful a manner as we have any right to expect - and it is a richly illuminating journey, the likes of which anyone who's had a favorite teacher will remember all too well.
Geopolitics is, of course, the politics of our geography. The location of a nation plays a large role in how that nation behaves; the goals it sets, its fears, its needs, its dedicated trajectory on the world stage. A fearsome mountain range, for example, will provide protection from unannounced invasion - yet may also limit trading options and access to needed resources. An immense waterway opens up a number of entrepreneurial possibilities, until the neighboring countries who share it decide they might like to build a dam. Many of the major conflicts in history have had, at their root, a geographical component. (They don't call Afghanistan "the graveyard of empires" just because it sounds good.) Tim Marshall takes us continent-hopping through these and many more of the whys and wherefores of our respective geopolitical destinies.
I recommend this work highly to anyone interested in foreign policy and/or climate change. Those two issues are about to converge in some fairly serious ways, and the solid foundation this book provides will make navigating these topics much easier. Plus, it was a blast to read. Enjoyment from start to finish.
Geopolitics is, of course, the politics of our geography. The location of a nation plays a large role in how that nation behaves; the goals it sets, its fears, its needs, its dedicated trajectory on the world stage. A fearsome mountain range, for example, will provide protection from unannounced invasion - yet may also limit trading options and access to needed resources. An immense waterway opens up a number of entrepreneurial possibilities, until the neighboring countries who share it decide they might like to build a dam. Many of the major conflicts in history have had, at their root, a geographical component. (They don't call Afghanistan "the graveyard of empires" just because it sounds good.) Tim Marshall takes us continent-hopping through these and many more of the whys and wherefores of our respective geopolitical destinies.
I recommend this work highly to anyone interested in foreign policy and/or climate change. Those two issues are about to converge in some fairly serious ways, and the solid foundation this book provides will make navigating these topics much easier. Plus, it was a blast to read. Enjoyment from start to finish.
May 24, 2017
What a great read, this was such an interesting topic, well explained and clear . I highly recommend this book to any lover of geopolitical issues and whoever wants to get a glimpse on how the foreseeable future might play out . If you love maps and history this book is for you!
June 11, 2024
讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 亘丕 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屫й� 禺賵亘 賵 亘丿賵賳 爻丕賳爻賵乇.
賲丿鬲鈥屬囏� 诏賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 讴賴 爻丕禺鬲 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 丿乇 禺丕讴 蹖禺鈥屫藏� 賵 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳 賵 丿乇賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲亘鬲 睾蹖乇 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲. 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賲賴賳丿爻丕賳 丕乇賵倬丕蹖蹖 讴賴 讴賵賴鈥屬囏й� 丌賱倬 乇丕 卮讴丕賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賲蹖鈥屭佖嗀� 丕賲讴丕賳鈥屬矩佰屫� 賳蹖爻鬲. 倬賱 鬲乇賵貙 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬嗁堐屫池� 丿乇 爻丕賱 郾酃鄹鄹 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘卮 爻賵丕乇 亘乇 禺乇賵爻 丌賴賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫池�: 芦乇卮鬲賴鈥� 讴賵賴 讴賵賳賱賵賳 亘賴 賯胤毓 丕噩丕夭賴 賳禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿 賴蹖趩 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐嗃� 亘賴 賱賴丕爻丕 亘乇爻丿.禄 讴賵賳賱賵賳 丕爻鬲丕賳 爻蹖賳 讴蹖丕賳诏 乇丕 丕夭 鬲亘鬲 噩丿丕 讴乇丿賴貙 讴賴 鬲乇賵 丕夭 亘丕亘鬲卮 卮丕讴乇 丕爻鬲: 芦亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇賲 丕鬲賮丕賯 禺賵亘蹖 丕爻鬲. 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲貙 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲亘鬲 乇丕 丿蹖丿賲 賵 亘毓丿 賲鬲賵噩賴 卮丿賲 讴賴 胤亘蹖毓鬲 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲.禄 丕賲丕 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 乇丕 爻丕禺鬲賳丿. 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 毓賴丿賴 丌賳賴丕 亘乇賲蹖鈥屫①呚�. 氐賮丨賴 鄱鄢 讴鬲丕亘
賳讴鬲賴 賲孬亘鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 丕夭 賳馗乇 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿貙 丿乇 倬蹖 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 讴賲賵賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 氐丕丿乇 讴賳賳丿貙 賵 亘賴鈥� 丿賳亘丕賱 诏爻鬲乇卮 (夭蹖丕丿) 賯賱賲乇賵 亘賴 爻亘讴 乇賵爻蹖赖 丿乇 噩賳诏 爻乇丿 賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿. 氐賮丨賴鈥屰� 酃鄣 讴鬲丕亘
爻蹖 爻丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕亘 卮丿賴 爻賯賵胤 鬲丿乇蹖噩蹖 蹖丕 賯乇蹖亘鈥� 丕賱賵賯賵毓 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲鈥� 賲鬲丨丿賴 乇丕 倬蹖卮鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 讴賳賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賴賲鈥屫и┵嗁堎� 賴賲丕賳鈥� 賯丿乇 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 亘賵丿. 賲賵賮賯鈥屫臂屬� 讴卮賵乇 乇賵蹖 夭賲蹖賳 亘賴 夭賵丿蹖 丿乇 丕賳乇跇蹖 亘賴 禺賵丿讴賮丕蹖蹖 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丿乇 賲賯丕賲 賯丿乇鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 亘乇鬲乇 亘丕賯蹖 禺賵丕賴丿 賲丕賳丿 賵 亘賵丿噩賴鈥屫й� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 賲噩賲賵毓 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 賳丕鬲賵 乇賵蹖鈥� 賴賲 氐乇賮 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賵 鬲賵爻毓賴 賳馗丕賲蹖 禺賵丿 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿. 噩賲毓蹖鬲 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴 賲孬賱 噩賲毓蹖鬲 丕乇賵倬丕 賵 跇丕倬賳 丿乇 丨丕賱 倬蹖乇 卮丿賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 爻丕賱 鄄郯郾鄢 賲丐爻爻賴 诏丕賱賵倬 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿 讴賴 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 倬賳噩 丿乇氐丿 賴賲賴鈥屰� 賲乇丿賲蹖 讴賴 丕賲蹖丿 亘賴 賲賴丕噩乇鬲 丿丕乇賳丿 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 乇丕 诏夭蹖賳賴 丕賵賱 賲蹖鈥屫з嗁嗀�. 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 爻丕賱 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 卮丕賳诏賴丕蹖 賮賴乇爻鬲 亘蹖爻鬲 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 亘乇鬲乇 噩賴丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賲鬲禺氐氐丕賳 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿: 賴賮丿賴 鬲丕 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 丿乇 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕夭 丕賵鬲賵 賮賵賳 亘蹖爻賲丕乇讴貙 夭賲丕賲丿丕乇 丿賵賱鬲 倬乇賵爻貙 噩賲賱賴鈥屫й� 丿賵 倬賴賱賵 賳賯賱 卮丿賴貨 亘蹖爻賲丕乇讴 亘蹖卮鈥� 丕夭 蹖讴 賯乇賳 倬蹖卮鈥� 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 芦禺丿丕賵賳丿 毓賳丕蹖鬲 賵蹖跇賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 賲爻鬲鈥屬囏ж� 讴賵丿讴丕賳貙 賵 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿丕乇丿.禄 亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丕蹖賳 丨讴賲 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 賲毓鬲亘乇 亘丕卮丿. 氐賮丨丕鬲 酃鄹-酃酃 讴鬲丕亘
鬲禺賲蹖賳 夭丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丕蹖乇丕賳 丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 爻賵賲蹖賳 匕禺蹖乇賴鈥屰� 亘夭乇诏 賳賮鬲蹖 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 丿丕乇丿貙 丕賲丕 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 丕蹖賳貙 亘賴鈥� 丿賱蹖賱 爻賵亍 賲丿蹖乇蹖鬲貙 賮爻丕丿貙 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳蹖 讴賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲 丨賲賱鈥� 賵 賳賯賱蹖 乇丕 爻禺鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 鬲丨乇蹖賲鈥屬囏й� 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 讴賴 噩賱賵蹖 賳賵爻丕夭蹖 亘乇禺蹖 氐賳丕蹖毓 乇丕 诏乇賮鬲賴貙 丕蹖乇丕賳 賳爻亘鬲丕賸 賮賯蹖乇 亘丕賯蹖鈥� 賲丕賳丿賴 丕爻鬲. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄱鄱 讴鬲丕亘
賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬囏� 賴乇诏夭 賮乇氐鬲蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿. 丨丕賱丕 賴賲 賳丿丕乇賳丿. 賳賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賲乇丿賲 賲賳胤賯賴 [禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖] 亘賳蹖丕丿诏乇丕 賴爻鬲賳丿貨 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥� 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕诏乇 诏乇爻賳賴 賵 賵丨卮鬲鈥屫藏� 亘丕卮蹖貙 賵 亘賳丕 亘丕卮丿 亘蹖賳 賳丕賳 賵 丕賲賳蹖鬲 丕夭 蹖讴鈥� 爻賵 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇貙 蹖讴蹖 乇丕 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 讴賳蹖貙 丨丿爻 夭丿賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴 讴丕乇 爻禺鬲蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 賮賯蹖乇 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賲毓丿賵丿蹖 賳賴丕丿 賯丕亘賱鈥� 丕鬲讴丕 丿丕乇賳丿貙 賯丿乇鬲 丿乇 丿爻鬲 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲亘賴讴丕乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀� 讴賴 亘賴 "卮亘賴鈥屬嗀肛з呟屫з�" 蹖丕 "丕丨夭丕亘 爻蹖丕爻蹖" 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 趩賴乇賴 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丿乇 夭賲丕賳蹖鈥� 讴賴 丕蹖賳賴丕 亘乇 爻乇 賯丿乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屫嗂嗀� 賵 诏丕賴蹖 丕夭 爻賵蹖 睾乇亘蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻丕丿賴鈥� 丿賱 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賲乇丿賲 亘蹖鈥屭嗀з� 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 讴卮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賱蹖亘蹖貙 爻賵乇蹖賴貙 蹖賲賳貙 毓乇丕賯 賵 卮丕蹖丿 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 爻丕賱鈥屬囏й� 丌鬲蹖 趩賳蹖賳 亘丕卮丿. 丿乇 倬蹖 讴丕賴卮 賳蹖丕夭 亘賴 賵丕乇丿丕鬲 丕賳乇跇蹖貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏� 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賳丿 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 丿乇 賲賳胤賯賴 讴丕賴卮 丿賴賳丿貨 丕诏乇 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏� 亘蹖乇賵賳 亘乇賵賳丿貙 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 趩蹖賳 賵 鬲丕 丨丿 讴賲鬲乇蹖 賴賳丿貙 賲鬲賳丕爻亘 亘丕 賲蹖夭丕賳 讴丕賴卮 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕貙 賵丕乇丿 诏賵丿 卮賵賳丿. 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 賴賲蹖賳 丨丕賱丕 賴賲 亘丕夭蹖诏乇丕賳蹖 噩丿蹖 丿乇 毓乇亘爻鬲丕賳 爻毓賵丿蹖貙 毓乇丕賯 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕蹖賳 亘乇賳丕賲賴 丿乇 爻胤丨 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇禺 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵 丿乇 賲乇丕讴夭 爻蹖丕爻蹖 倬丕蹖鬲禺鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 乇賵蹖 夭賲蹖賳貙 亘丕 丌賲丕賱 賵 丌乇夭賵賴丕 賵 賳蹖丕夭賴丕 賵 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿賲 亘丕夭蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 亘丕 夭賳丿诏蹖 丌賳賴丕. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄯鄱 讴鬲丕亘
丕賱亘鬲賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 乇賵賳丿 賴賲賴鈥屰� 乇賵蹖丿丕丿賴丕 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賮讴丕乇 亘夭乇诏 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 亘夭乇诏 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 亘丿賴 亘爻鬲丕賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕賲丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丌賳賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 趩丕乇趩賵亘 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賮毓丕賱蹖鬲 讴賳賳丿. 氐賮丨賴 鄄鄱鄱 讴鬲丕亘
賵賯鬲蹖 賯氐丿 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 爻鬲丕乇賴鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丿丕乇蹖賲貙 趩丕賱卮鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖卮 乇賵 趩賳丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 賲賯丕亘賱賴 亘丕 丌賳賴丕 诏乇丿 賴賲 亘蹖丕蹖蹖賲: 賮囟丕 乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 賳賴 亘賴鈥� 毓賳賵丕賳 乇賵爻貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕 趩蹖賳蹖貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥� 賳丕賲 賳賲丕蹖賳丿诏丕賳 亘卮乇蹖鬲 倬蹖賲賵丿. 丕賲丕 鬲丕 讴賳賵賳貙 诏乇趩賴 丕夭 夭賳噩蹖乇賴鈥屰� 诏乇丕賳卮 乇賴丕 卮丿賴鈥屫й屬呚� 丕賲丕 賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 夭賳丿丕賳蹖 丕匕賴丕賳 禺賵丿 賴爻鬲蹖賲貙 賵 丿乇 亘賳丿 亘丿亘蹖賳蹖 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖貙 賵 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 賴賲丕賳 乇賯丕亘鬲 丕賵賱蹖賴 亘乇 爻乇 賲賳丕亘毓. 乇丕賴 丿乇丕夭蹖 丿乇 倬蹖卮 丕爻鬲. 氐賮丨賴 鄄鄱酃 讴鬲丕亘
鈥嬠臂篡佰�/郯鄢/鄄鄄
賲丿鬲鈥屬囏� 诏賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 讴賴 爻丕禺鬲 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 丿乇 禺丕讴 蹖禺鈥屫藏� 賵 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳 賵 丿乇賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲亘鬲 睾蹖乇 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲. 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 賲賴賳丿爻丕賳 丕乇賵倬丕蹖蹖 讴賴 讴賵賴鈥屬囏й� 丌賱倬 乇丕 卮讴丕賮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀� 賲蹖鈥屭佖嗀� 丕賲讴丕賳鈥屬矩佰屫� 賳蹖爻鬲. 倬賱 鬲乇賵貙 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬嗁堐屫池� 丿乇 爻丕賱 郾酃鄹鄹 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘卮 爻賵丕乇 亘乇 禺乇賵爻 丌賴賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫池�: 芦乇卮鬲賴鈥� 讴賵賴 讴賵賳賱賵賳 亘賴 賯胤毓 丕噩丕夭賴 賳禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕丿 賴蹖趩 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐嗃� 亘賴 賱賴丕爻丕 亘乇爻丿.禄 讴賵賳賱賵賳 丕爻鬲丕賳 爻蹖賳 讴蹖丕賳诏 乇丕 丕夭 鬲亘鬲 噩丿丕 讴乇丿賴貙 讴賴 鬲乇賵 丕夭 亘丕亘鬲卮 卮丕讴乇 丕爻鬲: 芦亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇賲 丕鬲賮丕賯 禺賵亘蹖 丕爻鬲. 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 乇丕 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲貙 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲亘鬲 乇丕 丿蹖丿賲 賵 亘毓丿 賲鬲賵噩賴 卮丿賲 讴賴 胤亘蹖毓鬲 乇丕 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇賲.禄 丕賲丕 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 乇丕賴鈥屫①囐� 乇丕 爻丕禺鬲賳丿. 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 毓賴丿賴 丌賳賴丕 亘乇賲蹖鈥屫①呚�. 氐賮丨賴 鄱鄢 讴鬲丕亘
賳讴鬲賴 賲孬亘鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 丕夭 賳馗乇 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿貙 丿乇 倬蹖 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 讴賲賵賳蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 氐丕丿乇 讴賳賳丿貙 賵 亘賴鈥� 丿賳亘丕賱 诏爻鬲乇卮 (夭蹖丕丿) 賯賱賲乇賵 亘賴 爻亘讴 乇賵爻蹖赖 丿乇 噩賳诏 爻乇丿 賴賲 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿. 氐賮丨賴鈥屰� 酃鄣 讴鬲丕亘
爻蹖 爻丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕亘 卮丿賴 爻賯賵胤 鬲丿乇蹖噩蹖 蹖丕 賯乇蹖亘鈥� 丕賱賵賯賵毓 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲鈥� 賲鬲丨丿賴 乇丕 倬蹖卮鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 讴賳賳丿. 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賴賲鈥屫и┵嗁堎� 賴賲丕賳鈥� 賯丿乇 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 诏匕卮鬲賴 亘賵丿. 賲賵賮賯鈥屫臂屬� 讴卮賵乇 乇賵蹖 夭賲蹖賳 亘賴 夭賵丿蹖 丿乇 丕賳乇跇蹖 亘賴 禺賵丿讴賮丕蹖蹖 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丿乇 賲賯丕賲 賯丿乇鬲 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 亘乇鬲乇 亘丕賯蹖 禺賵丕賴丿 賲丕賳丿 賵 亘賵丿噩賴鈥屫й� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 賲噩賲賵毓 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 賳丕鬲賵 乇賵蹖鈥� 賴賲 氐乇賮 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賵 鬲賵爻毓賴 賳馗丕賲蹖 禺賵丿 禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿. 噩賲毓蹖鬲 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴 賲孬賱 噩賲毓蹖鬲 丕乇賵倬丕 賵 跇丕倬賳 丿乇 丨丕賱 倬蹖乇 卮丿賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 賵 賲胤丕賱毓賴 爻丕賱 鄄郯郾鄢 賲丐爻爻賴 诏丕賱賵倬 賳卮丕賳 丿丕丿 讴賴 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 倬賳噩 丿乇氐丿 賴賲賴鈥屰� 賲乇丿賲蹖 讴賴 丕賲蹖丿 亘賴 賲賴丕噩乇鬲 丿丕乇賳丿 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 乇丕 诏夭蹖賳賴 丕賵賱 賲蹖鈥屫з嗁嗀�. 丿乇 賴賲丕賳 爻丕賱 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 卮丕賳诏賴丕蹖 賮賴乇爻鬲 亘蹖爻鬲 丿丕賳卮诏丕賴 亘乇鬲乇 噩賴丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賲鬲禺氐氐丕賳 禺賵丿 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿: 賴賮丿賴 鬲丕 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 丿乇 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕夭 丕賵鬲賵 賮賵賳 亘蹖爻賲丕乇讴貙 夭賲丕賲丿丕乇 丿賵賱鬲 倬乇賵爻貙 噩賲賱賴鈥屫й� 丿賵 倬賴賱賵 賳賯賱 卮丿賴貨 亘蹖爻賲丕乇讴 亘蹖卮鈥� 丕夭 蹖讴 賯乇賳 倬蹖卮鈥� 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 芦禺丿丕賵賳丿 毓賳丕蹖鬲 賵蹖跇賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 賲爻鬲鈥屬囏ж� 讴賵丿讴丕賳貙 賵 丕蹖丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲丨丿賴鈥屰� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕 丿丕乇丿.禄 亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 丕蹖賳 丨讴賲 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 賲毓鬲亘乇 亘丕卮丿. 氐賮丨丕鬲 酃鄹-酃酃 讴鬲丕亘
鬲禺賲蹖賳 夭丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 丕蹖乇丕賳 丿乇 賲噩賲賵毓 爻賵賲蹖賳 匕禺蹖乇賴鈥屰� 亘夭乇诏 賳賮鬲蹖 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 丿丕乇丿貙 丕賲丕 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 丕蹖賳貙 亘賴鈥� 丿賱蹖賱 爻賵亍 賲丿蹖乇蹖鬲貙 賮爻丕丿貙 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖 讴賵賴爻鬲丕賳蹖 讴賴 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲 丨賲賱鈥� 賵 賳賯賱蹖 乇丕 爻禺鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 鬲丨乇蹖賲鈥屬囏й� 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 讴賴 噩賱賵蹖 賳賵爻丕夭蹖 亘乇禺蹖 氐賳丕蹖毓 乇丕 诏乇賮鬲賴貙 丕蹖乇丕賳 賳爻亘鬲丕賸 賮賯蹖乇 亘丕賯蹖鈥� 賲丕賳丿賴 丕爻鬲. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄱鄱 讴鬲丕亘
賱蹖亘乇丕賱鈥屬囏� 賴乇诏夭 賮乇氐鬲蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿. 丨丕賱丕 賴賲 賳丿丕乇賳丿. 賳賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賲乇丿賲 賲賳胤賯賴 [禺丕賵乇賲蹖丕賳赖] 亘賳蹖丕丿诏乇丕 賴爻鬲賳丿貨 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥� 禺丕胤乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕诏乇 诏乇爻賳賴 賵 賵丨卮鬲鈥屫藏� 亘丕卮蹖貙 賵 亘賳丕 亘丕卮丿 亘蹖賳 賳丕賳 賵 丕賲賳蹖鬲 丕夭 蹖讴鈥� 爻賵 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 丕夭 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇貙 蹖讴蹖 乇丕 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 讴賳蹖貙 丨丿爻 夭丿賳 賳鬲蹖噩賴 讴丕乇 爻禺鬲蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 賮賯蹖乇 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賲毓丿賵丿蹖 賳賴丕丿 賯丕亘賱鈥� 丕鬲讴丕 丿丕乇賳丿貙 賯丿乇鬲 丿乇 丿爻鬲 诏乇賵賴鈥屬囏й� 鬲亘賴讴丕乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀� 讴賴 亘賴 "卮亘賴鈥屬嗀肛з呟屫з�" 蹖丕 "丕丨夭丕亘 爻蹖丕爻蹖" 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 趩賴乇賴 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丿乇 夭賲丕賳蹖鈥� 讴賴 丕蹖賳賴丕 亘乇 爻乇 賯丿乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屫嗂嗀� 賵 诏丕賴蹖 丕夭 爻賵蹖 睾乇亘蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻丕丿賴鈥� 丿賱 鬲卮賵蹖賯 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賲乇丿賲 亘蹖鈥屭嗀з� 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 讴卮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 亘賴鈥� 賳馗乇 賲蹖鈥屫必池� 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賱蹖亘蹖貙 爻賵乇蹖賴貙 蹖賲賳貙 毓乇丕賯 賵 卮丕蹖丿 讴卮賵乇賴丕蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丿乇 爻丕賱鈥屬囏й� 丌鬲蹖 趩賳蹖賳 亘丕卮丿. 丿乇 倬蹖 讴丕賴卮 賳蹖丕夭 亘賴 賵丕乇丿丕鬲 丕賳乇跇蹖貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏� 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賳丿 爻乇賲丕蹖賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 丿乇 賲賳胤賯賴 讴丕賴卮 丿賴賳丿貨 丕诏乇 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏� 亘蹖乇賵賳 亘乇賵賳丿貙 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 趩蹖賳 賵 鬲丕 丨丿 讴賲鬲乇蹖 賴賳丿貙 賲鬲賳丕爻亘 亘丕 賲蹖夭丕賳 讴丕賴卮 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬呝嗀� 丌賲乇蹖讴丕貙 賵丕乇丿 诏賵丿 卮賵賳丿. 趩蹖賳蹖鈥屬囏� 賴賲蹖賳 丨丕賱丕 賴賲 亘丕夭蹖诏乇丕賳蹖 噩丿蹖 丿乇 毓乇亘爻鬲丕賳 爻毓賵丿蹖貙 毓乇丕賯 賵 丕蹖乇丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕蹖賳 亘乇賳丕賲賴 丿乇 爻胤丨 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇禺 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵 丿乇 賲乇丕讴夭 爻蹖丕爻蹖 倬丕蹖鬲禺鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 乇賵蹖 夭賲蹖賳貙 亘丕 丌賲丕賱 賵 丌乇夭賵賴丕 賵 賳蹖丕夭賴丕 賵 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿賲 亘丕夭蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 亘丕 夭賳丿诏蹖 丌賳賴丕. 氐賮丨賴 郾鄯鄱 讴鬲丕亘
丕賱亘鬲賴 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 乇賵賳丿 賴賲賴鈥屰� 乇賵蹖丿丕丿賴丕 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賮讴丕乇 亘夭乇诏 賵 乇賴亘乇丕賳 亘夭乇诏 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 亘丿賴 亘爻鬲丕賳 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賴爻鬲賳丿. 丕賲丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丌賳賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 趩丕乇趩賵亘 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕 賮毓丕賱蹖鬲 讴賳賳丿. 氐賮丨賴 鄄鄱鄱 讴鬲丕亘
賵賯鬲蹖 賯氐丿 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 爻鬲丕乇賴鈥屬囏� 乇丕 丿丕乇蹖賲貙 趩丕賱卮鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖卮 乇賵 趩賳丕賳 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕 亘丕蹖丿 亘乇丕蹖 賲賯丕亘賱賴 亘丕 丌賳賴丕 诏乇丿 賴賲 亘蹖丕蹖蹖賲: 賮囟丕 乇丕 亘丕蹖丿 賳賴 亘賴鈥� 毓賳賵丕賳 乇賵爻貙 丌賲乇蹖讴丕蹖蹖 蹖丕 趩蹖賳蹖貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥� 賳丕賲 賳賲丕蹖賳丿诏丕賳 亘卮乇蹖鬲 倬蹖賲賵丿. 丕賲丕 鬲丕 讴賳賵賳貙 诏乇趩賴 丕夭 夭賳噩蹖乇賴鈥屰� 诏乇丕賳卮 乇賴丕 卮丿賴鈥屫й屬呚� 丕賲丕 賲丕 賴賲趩賳丕賳 夭賳丿丕賳蹖 丕匕賴丕賳 禺賵丿 賴爻鬲蹖賲貙 賵 丿乇 亘賳丿 亘丿亘蹖賳蹖 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖貙 賵 丿乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 賴賲丕賳 乇賯丕亘鬲 丕賵賱蹖賴 亘乇 爻乇 賲賳丕亘毓. 乇丕賴 丿乇丕夭蹖 丿乇 倬蹖卮 丕爻鬲. 氐賮丨賴 鄄鄱酃 讴鬲丕亘
鈥嬠臂篡佰�/郯鄢/鄄鄄
December 23, 2016
A very interesting overview of global geopolitics and the geography that informs it. By splitting the world into distinct regions Marshall allows for the isolation of particularly important geographical features, such as the North European Plain on Russian politics, and the lack of navigable rivers hampering internal development in Africa. The author is clearly authoritative and even includes a few personal anecdotes with foreign ministers when making points. This being my first book on the subject I'm unable to review how accurate his take on the subject is, however I found every chapter entirely plausible. It has already shaped my perception of events happening in the news - for example Russia's strategy in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus being played out via its relationship with the USA and Turkey over the Syrian conflict.
As a general introduction to why world politics is the way it is, I'd struggle to recommend anything better.
As a general introduction to why world politics is the way it is, I'd struggle to recommend anything better.
Read
June 27, 2023Note: I read this book in 2016, the year after it was published. Given current events, I decided to reread Chapter 1: Russia.
Russia is vast, writes Marshall.
It is the vastest. Immense. It is six-million-square-miles vast, eleven time zones vast; it is the largest country in the world...
To the west of the Ural Mountains is European Russia. To their east is Siberia, stretching all the way to the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Even in the twenty-first century, to cross it by train takes six days.
You might think no one is going to invade Russia but that isn鈥檛 how the Russians think, writes Marshall, beginning with Ivan the Terrible in 1533 on down to Vladimir Putin today. There is a lot of history to back that belief, including but not limited to the Mongols, Napoleon and both World Wars. When the USSR fell apart in 1989, it took only 15 years for all the former Warsaw Pact nations to join NATO and/or the EU, which made Russia all the more nervous. Geography is Russia鈥檚 biggest asset and its biggest liability, from the immense and immensely flat North European Plain providing easy access to enemy tanks, to mountain ranges in all the wrong places. If only the Urals ran from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The want of a warm water port, too, also drives much of their long term strategic thinking and has since Peter the Great.
Sevastopol is Russia鈥檚 only true major warm-water port. However, access out of the Black Sea into the Mediterranean is restricted by the Montreux Convention of 1936, which gave Turkey--now a NATO member鈥揷ontrol of the Bosporus. Russian naval ships do transit the strait, but in limited numbers, and this would not be permitted in the event of conflict. Even after crossing the Bosporus the Russians need to navigate the Aegean Sea before accessing the Mediterranean, and would still have either to cross the Strait of Gibraltar to gain access to the Atlantic Ocean, or be allowed down the Suez Canal to reach the Indian Ocean.
Imagine if the US Navy had to navigate a labyrinth like that to access the Pacific Ocean.
Historically, every tsar from Ivan to Stalin has deliberately seeded their border regions with Russian citizens, which is why it was so easy for Putin to take Crimea and eastern Ukraine in 2014 and for the West to ignore his incursions.
Approximately 60 percent of Crimea鈥檚 population is 鈥渆thnically Russian,鈥� so the Kremlin was pushing against an open door. Putin helped the anti-Kiev demonstrations and stirred up so much trouble that eventually he 鈥渉ad鈥� to send his troops out of the confines of the naval base and onto the streets to protect people.
It is evidently also why he thought Ukrainians would welcome him with open arms in 2022.
I could keep typing excerpts but go find the book and read it for yourself. It explains how we got here, and, unfortunately, where we鈥檙e going if Putin isn鈥檛 stopped.
Moldova presents a different problem for all sides. An attack on the country by Russia would necessitate crossing through Ukraine鈥lthough it might not trigger war with NATO (Moldova is not a member), it would provoke sanctions against Moscow at a level hitherto unseen [remember, this book was published seven years ago], and confirm what this writer believes to already be the case; that the cooling relationship between Russia and the West is already the New Cold War.
Marshall concludes
From the Grand Principality of Muscovy, through Peter the Great, Stalin, and now Putin, each Russian leader has been confronted by the same problems. It doesn鈥檛 matter if the ideology of those in control is czarist, Communist or crony capitalist鈥搕he ports still freeze, and the North European Plain is still flat.
Realpolitik through geography. Highly recommended.
-------------
July 2016 review
Brisk, well written, continent by continent (excluding Australia) survey of how geography is destiny, beginning with Putin going down on his knees every night to ask God why He didn't put mountains in Ukraine. I really liked the way Marshall organized it, too. The first chapter is Russia and how so much of their actions are dictated by the eternal quest for a warm-water port, the second is China's equally eternal quest of finding water routes unobstructed by the island archipelago likes of the Philippines and Japan, Russia and South Korea, all except Russia firm American allies, although Russia has as much interest in keeping China within bounds as the US does.
The third chapter is about good old US, and it had not previously occurred to me that geography is why we are who we are. I mean, yeah, I understand about the insulating effect of being between two oceans, but Marshall says that if someone had sat down and drawn the perfect base for world domination, they would have come up with, you guessed it, US. Partly this is because of all that wonderful farmland but it's also partly because we're home to the world's longest navigable rivers, so we can get all that grain to market.
He lays out why the entire continent of Africa is becoming a Chinese colony, and the chapter on India and Pakistan is a pocket history of the region and it will not cheer you to learn that, again, geography dictates that nothing is resolved there anytime soon, or ever. One Indian politician is even on record as saying they ought to just nuke Pakistan and deal with the literal and figurative fallout so India can move on without the Pakistani thorn in their sides. Jesus. Marshall is also amusingly shirty about the Arab Spring, which he pretty conclusively demonstrates was romanticized by Western writers into a transformative event that was no such thing on the ground.
Marshall is a BBC journalist who knows how to get to the meat of the story in efficient, competent prose that still makes for an enthralling read. Not a needless word anywhere. Highly recommended.
Russia is vast, writes Marshall.
It is the vastest. Immense. It is six-million-square-miles vast, eleven time zones vast; it is the largest country in the world...
To the west of the Ural Mountains is European Russia. To their east is Siberia, stretching all the way to the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Even in the twenty-first century, to cross it by train takes six days.
You might think no one is going to invade Russia but that isn鈥檛 how the Russians think, writes Marshall, beginning with Ivan the Terrible in 1533 on down to Vladimir Putin today. There is a lot of history to back that belief, including but not limited to the Mongols, Napoleon and both World Wars. When the USSR fell apart in 1989, it took only 15 years for all the former Warsaw Pact nations to join NATO and/or the EU, which made Russia all the more nervous. Geography is Russia鈥檚 biggest asset and its biggest liability, from the immense and immensely flat North European Plain providing easy access to enemy tanks, to mountain ranges in all the wrong places. If only the Urals ran from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The want of a warm water port, too, also drives much of their long term strategic thinking and has since Peter the Great.
Sevastopol is Russia鈥檚 only true major warm-water port. However, access out of the Black Sea into the Mediterranean is restricted by the Montreux Convention of 1936, which gave Turkey--now a NATO member鈥揷ontrol of the Bosporus. Russian naval ships do transit the strait, but in limited numbers, and this would not be permitted in the event of conflict. Even after crossing the Bosporus the Russians need to navigate the Aegean Sea before accessing the Mediterranean, and would still have either to cross the Strait of Gibraltar to gain access to the Atlantic Ocean, or be allowed down the Suez Canal to reach the Indian Ocean.
Imagine if the US Navy had to navigate a labyrinth like that to access the Pacific Ocean.
Historically, every tsar from Ivan to Stalin has deliberately seeded their border regions with Russian citizens, which is why it was so easy for Putin to take Crimea and eastern Ukraine in 2014 and for the West to ignore his incursions.
Approximately 60 percent of Crimea鈥檚 population is 鈥渆thnically Russian,鈥� so the Kremlin was pushing against an open door. Putin helped the anti-Kiev demonstrations and stirred up so much trouble that eventually he 鈥渉ad鈥� to send his troops out of the confines of the naval base and onto the streets to protect people.
It is evidently also why he thought Ukrainians would welcome him with open arms in 2022.
I could keep typing excerpts but go find the book and read it for yourself. It explains how we got here, and, unfortunately, where we鈥檙e going if Putin isn鈥檛 stopped.
Moldova presents a different problem for all sides. An attack on the country by Russia would necessitate crossing through Ukraine鈥lthough it might not trigger war with NATO (Moldova is not a member), it would provoke sanctions against Moscow at a level hitherto unseen [remember, this book was published seven years ago], and confirm what this writer believes to already be the case; that the cooling relationship between Russia and the West is already the New Cold War.
Marshall concludes
From the Grand Principality of Muscovy, through Peter the Great, Stalin, and now Putin, each Russian leader has been confronted by the same problems. It doesn鈥檛 matter if the ideology of those in control is czarist, Communist or crony capitalist鈥搕he ports still freeze, and the North European Plain is still flat.
Realpolitik through geography. Highly recommended.
-------------
July 2016 review
Brisk, well written, continent by continent (excluding Australia) survey of how geography is destiny, beginning with Putin going down on his knees every night to ask God why He didn't put mountains in Ukraine. I really liked the way Marshall organized it, too. The first chapter is Russia and how so much of their actions are dictated by the eternal quest for a warm-water port, the second is China's equally eternal quest of finding water routes unobstructed by the island archipelago likes of the Philippines and Japan, Russia and South Korea, all except Russia firm American allies, although Russia has as much interest in keeping China within bounds as the US does.
The third chapter is about good old US, and it had not previously occurred to me that geography is why we are who we are. I mean, yeah, I understand about the insulating effect of being between two oceans, but Marshall says that if someone had sat down and drawn the perfect base for world domination, they would have come up with, you guessed it, US. Partly this is because of all that wonderful farmland but it's also partly because we're home to the world's longest navigable rivers, so we can get all that grain to market.
He lays out why the entire continent of Africa is becoming a Chinese colony, and the chapter on India and Pakistan is a pocket history of the region and it will not cheer you to learn that, again, geography dictates that nothing is resolved there anytime soon, or ever. One Indian politician is even on record as saying they ought to just nuke Pakistan and deal with the literal and figurative fallout so India can move on without the Pakistani thorn in their sides. Jesus. Marshall is also amusingly shirty about the Arab Spring, which he pretty conclusively demonstrates was romanticized by Western writers into a transformative event that was no such thing on the ground.
Marshall is a BBC journalist who knows how to get to the meat of the story in efficient, competent prose that still makes for an enthralling read. Not a needless word anywhere. Highly recommended.
September 12, 2022
UPDATE: So finally got this out of the library again (had a LONG waiting list, which I take as a good sign), and not only read those bits I hadn't gotten to before, but reread some of the more interesting/relevant chapters, (China/Russia/Africa). Only additional comments are that China's plans for a $50 billion "Nicaragua Grand Canal" aimed at replacing the Panama Canal by "the early 2020s" has since been scrapped (thank God); and Britain - which at the time of the book's writing had no active aircraft carriers with which to defend the Falklands - now has two "Queen Elizabeth class" carriers, commissioned in 2017 and 2019.
It was only during this second reading that I realized that three of the world's key trouble spots are the direct results of WWII, even though they have little to do with Europe: the Pakistan/India split, the North/South Korea split and the division of China and Taiwan. So while the war was ultimately "good" (if one can use such a word) for Europe and the U.S...maybe not so much for East and South Asia :(
Otherwise, my two main takeaways are that China still remains a major - and increasingly aggressive - threat, (and unfortunately, the book's claim that "the Chinese are determined to have Taiwan but are nowhere near being able to challenge for it militarily" might not still be true); and King Leopold II of Belgium remains the ultimate colonial asshole, par excellence.
ORIGINAL REVIEW: Just fantastic - this is a book I've really been waiting for. I've long bemoaned the fact that we no longer emphasize geography in our schools - since as this book proves, a knowledge of geography is essential to even the most basic understanding of history. I mean, the word "geopolitical" literally means the confluence of geography and politics. Want to understand why Russia invaded the Ukraine, why China is harassing its Uighurs in Xinjiang, or why the Middle East will never get its shit together? Well鈥 won't tell you here, because you should read this for yourself. Marshall's subtitle - "ten maps that explain everything about the world" - might sound like braggadocious hype, but for the most part he lives up to his claim.
Unfortunately, while this book was written in just 2015, it is already outdated in several areas. Because geography doesn't work in a vacuum, the unexpected rise of such dangerous buffoons as Donald Trump and Boris Johnson have not only thrown the West's moral, military and economic leadership into question, they have (among SO MANY other things) breathed new life into a dying Russia and allowed China to gain the upper hand across East Asia.
Good as it is, this book is a lot to take at once, so while I've already finished the sections on Russia, China, North America, Africa and the Middle East, I'm going to take a break before returning to tackle the remaining chapters on Latin America, Korea and Japan, India and Pakistan, and - intriguingly - the Arctic.
NOTE: And in one of those odd bits of synchronicity I love so much, the Washington Post has just reviewed a new book, ORIGINS: How Earth's History Shaped Human History, which not only links directly to this book (almost as a preface, as it deals with much more pre-history than Prisoners does), but also oddly to the last book I finished, Michael Summers & James Trefil's Exoplanets. So guess I should add this one to the list as well...
It was only during this second reading that I realized that three of the world's key trouble spots are the direct results of WWII, even though they have little to do with Europe: the Pakistan/India split, the North/South Korea split and the division of China and Taiwan. So while the war was ultimately "good" (if one can use such a word) for Europe and the U.S...maybe not so much for East and South Asia :(
Otherwise, my two main takeaways are that China still remains a major - and increasingly aggressive - threat, (and unfortunately, the book's claim that "the Chinese are determined to have Taiwan but are nowhere near being able to challenge for it militarily" might not still be true); and King Leopold II of Belgium remains the ultimate colonial asshole, par excellence.
ORIGINAL REVIEW: Just fantastic - this is a book I've really been waiting for. I've long bemoaned the fact that we no longer emphasize geography in our schools - since as this book proves, a knowledge of geography is essential to even the most basic understanding of history. I mean, the word "geopolitical" literally means the confluence of geography and politics. Want to understand why Russia invaded the Ukraine, why China is harassing its Uighurs in Xinjiang, or why the Middle East will never get its shit together? Well鈥 won't tell you here, because you should read this for yourself. Marshall's subtitle - "ten maps that explain everything about the world" - might sound like braggadocious hype, but for the most part he lives up to his claim.
Unfortunately, while this book was written in just 2015, it is already outdated in several areas. Because geography doesn't work in a vacuum, the unexpected rise of such dangerous buffoons as Donald Trump and Boris Johnson have not only thrown the West's moral, military and economic leadership into question, they have (among SO MANY other things) breathed new life into a dying Russia and allowed China to gain the upper hand across East Asia.
Good as it is, this book is a lot to take at once, so while I've already finished the sections on Russia, China, North America, Africa and the Middle East, I'm going to take a break before returning to tackle the remaining chapters on Latin America, Korea and Japan, India and Pakistan, and - intriguingly - the Arctic.
NOTE: And in one of those odd bits of synchronicity I love so much, the Washington Post has just reviewed a new book, ORIGINS: How Earth's History Shaped Human History, which not only links directly to this book (almost as a preface, as it deals with much more pre-history than Prisoners does), but also oddly to the last book I finished, Michael Summers & James Trefil's Exoplanets. So guess I should add this one to the list as well...
January 8, 2017
賰鬲丕亘 爻噩賳丕亍 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕: 毓卮乇 禺乇丕卅胤 鬲禺亘乇賰 賰賱 賲丕 鬲丨鬲丕噩 賲毓乇賮鬲賴 毓賳 丕賱爻賷丕爻丕鬲 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞.
賲丐賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲賷賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱. 賲乇丕爻賱 賯賳丕丞 爻賰丕賷 賳賷賵夭 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯 賵丕賱匕賷 賳賯賱 兀丨丿丕孬 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱兀禺亘丕乇 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞. 丕賱胤亘毓丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶 2015.
賷鬲兀賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 毓卮乇 賮氐賱丕 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賰賱 賲賳賴丕 亘賱丿丕 兀賵 丕賯賱賷賲丕 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵賴賷 賰丕賱鬲丕賱賷: 乇賵爻賷丕貙 丕賱氐賷賳貙 丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞貙 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞貙 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕貙 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤貙 丕賱賴賳丿 賵亘丕賰爻鬲丕賳貙 賰賵乇賷丕 賵丕賱賷丕亘丕賳貙 兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞貙 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿丞 丕賱卮賲丕賱賷丞. 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賳丕賯卮賴丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲鬲賱禺氐 賮賷 兀賳 丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 亘賲丕 鬲鬲囟賲賳賴 賲賳 氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賵賲氐丕賱丨 賵鬲丨丕賱賮丕鬲 賵鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 賷賱毓亘 丕賱毓丕賲賱 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賮賷賴丕 丿賵乇 賰亘賷乇 賵賲丐孬乇 毓亘乇 丕賱毓氐賵乇.
賵賷賯丿賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 睾賳賷丞 賵賲卮賵賯丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱爻賷丕爻丞 賵 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賱賰賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賯丕賱賷賲 丕賱賲匕賰賵乇丞 賲爻亘賯丕 賲毓 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱賴丕賲 賱賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賮賷 鬲卮賰賷賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱.
丕毓噩亘賳賷 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賳 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賲賵噩賴丞 賱賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱毓丕丿賷. 賮賴賷 賵丕囟丨丞 賵賲亘爻胤丞 賵賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 爻賴賱丞 賵賲鬲丿丕賵賱丞 賵賱賷爻鬲 鬲禺氐氐賷丞 亘丿乇噩丞 毓丕賱賷丞. 賰賲丕 賷卮賲賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱禺乇丕卅胤 鬲爻賴賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賯丕乇卅 乇亘胤 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 亘丕賱乇爻賵賲 丕賱鬲賵囟賷丨賷丞. 賰賲丕 賷賵賮乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賯丕卅賲丞 賲乇丕噩毓 丕囟丕賮賷丞 賱賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱匕賷 賷賵丿 丕賱廿胤賱丕毓 毓賱賶 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賰孬乇 丨賵賱 賲賵囟賵毓 賲毓賷賳 賵乇丿 賮賷 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘.
禺賱丕氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘:
乇賵爻賷丕 鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘兀賳賴丕 兀賰亘乇 丿賵賱丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 鬲賲鬲丿 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丕丨丿賶 毓卮乇 禺胤 胤賵賱賷 賵賱賰賳賴丕 賲毓 匕賱賰 鬲賮鬲賯乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賵丕賳卅 丕賱賲胤賱丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱丿丕賮卅丞貙 賮賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲賵丕賳卅 丕賱乇賵爻賷丞 鬲鬲噩賲丿 賲賷丕賴賴丕 賱卮賴賵乇 胤賵賷賱丞. 賵氐乇丕毓賴丕 賲毓 兀賵賰乇丕賳賷丕 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱 賴賵 賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱廿亘賯丕亍 賲賷賳丕亍 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賯乇賲 鬲丨鬲 爻賷胤乇鬲賴丕. 賵鬲鬲賲賷夭 乇賵爻賷丕 亘孬乇賵丕鬲 賰亘賷乇丞 賲賳 丕賱睾丕夭 賵丕賱賳賮胤 丕賱匕賷 鬲氐丿乇賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱兀賳丕亘賷亘 賱噩賷乇丕賳賴丕 賲賳 丕賱噩賲賴賵乇賷丕鬲 丕賱爻賵賮賷鬲賷丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賵毓丿丿 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 賵丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賷噩毓賱賴丕 匕丕鬲 爻賷胤乇丞 睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇丞 毓賱賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲睾囟 丕賱胤乇賮 毓賳 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 爻賷丕爻丕鬲 乇賵爻賷丕 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲鬲囟乇乇 賲氐丕賱丨賴丕.
丕賱氐賷賳 鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘賲噩丕賵乇丞 毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 賵丨丿賵丿賴丕 賲丨賲賷丞 亘卮賰賱 胤亘賷毓賷 亘鬲囟丕乇賷爻 賵賴賷 賲賷夭丞 賱丕 鬲鬲賵賮乇 賱丿賶 乇賵爻賷丕. 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱氐賷賳 兀賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲賲鬲賱賰 賯賵丞 亘丨乇賷丞 丨乇賷賷丞 賲丐孬乇丞 賱丕爻賷賲丕 賵兀賳 丨丿賵丿賴丕 丕賱亘丨乇賷丞 賵禺胤賵胤 丕賱賲賱丕丨丞 丕賱亘丨乇賷丞 鬲鬲卮丕乇賰賴丕 丿賵賱 賰孬賷乇丞 兀禺乇賶 賵賴匕丕 賷賲孬賱 禺胤乇丕 毓賱賶 卮乇賷丕賳 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賴丕 丕賱兀賴賲 賵賴賵 鬲氐丿賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲噩丕鬲 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 賱噩賲賷毓 丿賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
兀賲丕 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賮賴賷 兀賰孬乇 丕賱丿賵賱 丨馗丕 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賮賴賷 鬲胤賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱兀胤賱爻賷 賲賳 噩賴丞 賵丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賴丕丿賷 賲賳 噩賴丞 兀禺乇賶 賵賱賷爻 賱丿賷賴丕 賲賳 噩賷乇丕賳 爻賵賶 賰賳丿丕 賮賷 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱賲賰爻賷賰 賮賷 丕賱噩賳賵亘. 賲毓馗賲 丨乇賵亘 兀賲乇賷賰丕 鬲賯毓 賮賷 兀賯丕賱賷賲 噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 亘毓賷丿丞 毓賳賴丕 賲賳丕 賷噩毓賱賴丕 賮賷 賲兀賲賳 賳爻亘賷丕 賵賱賰賳 丕賱鬲賰賳賱賵噩賷丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賰爻乇鬲 丨丕噩夭 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賰賲丕 賴賵 丕賱丨丕賱 賮賷 丕賱賴噩賲丕鬲 丕賱廿乇賴丕亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵賯毓鬲 賮賷 丿丕禺賱 兀賲乇賷賰丕. 賵賷鬲賳丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賵囟賵毓 賴丕賲 賵賴賵 丕鬲噩丕賴 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賱賱丕賰鬲賮丕亍 丕賱匕丕鬲賷 賲賳 丕賱賳賮胤 賲毓 賳賴丕賷丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賯丿 賲賲丕 賯丿 賷睾賷乇 爻賷丕爻丕鬲賴丕 賵鬲賵丕噩丿賴丕 賮賷 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱禺賱賷噩 賲爻鬲賯亘賱丕.
鬲賱毓亘 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丿賵乇丕 賴丕賲丕 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲賰賵賳 賲賳 毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 賮賷 賲爻丕丨丞 氐睾賷乇丞 賳爻亘賷丕 賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞 丕賵 乇賵爻賷丕 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱. 賵鬲鬲賳賵毓 孬賯丕賮丕鬲 賵兀毓乇丕賯 賵賱睾丕鬲 卮毓賵亘 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮氐賱 亘賷賳賴丕 丨丿賵丿 噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賰丕賱兀賳賴丕乇 賵丕賱噩亘丕賱 賵鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘賲賳丕禺 賲毓鬲丿賱 毓賲賵賲丕 賵賲賵賯毓 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷 亘賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵丕賱噩丿賷丿 . 賵賰丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賳賵毓 爻亘亘 賱賳卮賵亘 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵鬲睾賷乇 匕賱賰 廿賱賶 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱鬲丨賯賷賯 丕賱丕鬲丨丕丿 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱丨丕囟乇. 賵賱賰賳 賱丕鬲夭丕賱 賴賳丕賰 賮噩賵丞 亘賷賳 丿賵賱 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱噩賳賵亘 賵丿賵賱 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱睾乇亘 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷. 賰賲丕 賷鬲胤乇賯 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 亘賷賳 丿賵賱 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤 賵兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賳丨賵 丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賲丿賶 鬲兀孬賷乇 賴匕賴 丕賱賴噩乇丕鬲 毓賱賶 鬲睾賷賷乇 孬賯丕賮丞 賵爻賷丕爻丞 賵丨賷丕丞 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞.
兀賲丕 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賮賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀丨丿 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲兀禺乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賱丨丕賯 亘乇賰亘 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷 賴賵 丕賳毓夭丕賱賴丕 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 毓賳 丕賱賯丕乇丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶. 賵賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳毓夭丕賱 爻亘亘賴 賵噩賵丿 兀賯賱賷賲 丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賵丕賱兀賳賴丕乇 丕賱賲賲鬲丿丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐賱丨 賱賱賲賱丕丨丞 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 賱賵噩賵丿 丕賱卮賱丕賱丕鬲 賵丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇丕鬲 賮賷賴丕 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱卮賵丕胤卅 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐賱丨 賰賲賵丕賳賷亍 毓賱丕賵丞 毓賱賶 兀賳 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲丨丕胤丞 亘丕賱亘丨丕乇 賵丕賱賲丨賷胤丕鬲 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱噩賵丕賳亘. 賵賲賲丕 爻丕賴賲 賮賷 丕賳毓夭丕賱 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 兀賳 丕賱鬲亘丕丿賱 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱 睾丕賱亘丕 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 亘賷賳 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱睾乇亘 賵賱賷爻 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱噩賳賵亘. 兀囟賮 廿賱賶 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲兀禺乇 丕賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲卮賰賱丞 鬲賮卮賷 丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 賰丕賱賲賱丕乇賷丕 賵丕賳賵丕毓 丕賱丨賲賶 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻賴賲 丕賱亘賷卅丞 丕賱丨丕乇丞 賵丕賱乇胤亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 賵賲賳 兀賴賲 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賲爻丕賴賲丞 賮賷 鬲兀禺乇 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲丕 鬲毓乇囟鬲 賱賴丕 卮毓賵亘賴丕 賲賳 賲賵噩丕鬲 丕賱丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿 賱賲卅丕鬲 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賲賲丕 賯賱賱 丕賱賰孬丕賮丞 丕賱爻賰丕賳賷丞 賮賷 賲爻丕丨丕鬲 卮丕爻毓丞. 賵噩丕亍 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 丕賱丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 孬賲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞 賵丕賱丨乇賵亘 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱丨丿賵丿 丕賱賲氐胤賳毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 乇爻賲賴丕 丕賱賲爻鬲毓賲乇 賵丕賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕亍 賵丕賱賳賮胤.
賵賷賵丕氐賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓乇囟 賵鬲賮氐賷賱 鬲兀孬賷乇 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賱賱丿賵賱 賵乇爻賲 丕賱丨丿賵丿 毓賱賶 丕賱禺乇丕卅胤 丿賵賳 丕賱賳馗乇 賱胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 毓賱賶 兀乇囟 丕賱賵丕賯毓 賵兀孬乇 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 賲毓馗賲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賮賷 賷賵賲賳丕 賴匕丕 賱丕爻賷賲丕 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕賵爻胤貙 丕賱賴賳丿 賵亘丕賰爻鬲丕賳. 孬賲 賷賳鬲賯賱 賱賰賵乇賷丕 賵丕賱賷丕亘丕賳貙 兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱噩賳賵亘賷丞 賵賷禺鬲賲 亘丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿 丕賱卮賲丕賱賷.
賲賱丕丨馗丞: 丨氐賱鬲 毓賱賶 賳爻禺丞 丕賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賵丕爻胤丞 賲噩賲賵毓丞 亘乇賷丿賷丞 賱賳丕丿賷 賯乇丕亍丞 賳賷噩賷乇賷.
賲丐賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲賷賲 賲丕乇卮丕賱. 賲乇丕爻賱 賯賳丕丞 爻賰丕賷 賳賷賵夭 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯 賵丕賱匕賷 賳賯賱 兀丨丿丕孬 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱兀禺亘丕乇 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞. 丕賱胤亘毓丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶 2015.
賷鬲兀賱賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 毓卮乇 賮氐賱丕 賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賰賱 賲賳賴丕 亘賱丿丕 兀賵 丕賯賱賷賲丕 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵賴賷 賰丕賱鬲丕賱賷: 乇賵爻賷丕貙 丕賱氐賷賳貙 丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞貙 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞貙 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕貙 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤貙 丕賱賴賳丿 賵亘丕賰爻鬲丕賳貙 賰賵乇賷丕 賵丕賱賷丕亘丕賳貙 兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱賱丕鬲賷賳賷丞貙 賵丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿丞 丕賱卮賲丕賱賷丞. 丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賳丕賯卮賴丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲鬲賱禺氐 賮賷 兀賳 丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 亘賲丕 鬲鬲囟賲賳賴 賲賳 氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賵賲氐丕賱丨 賵鬲丨丕賱賮丕鬲 賵鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 賷賱毓亘 丕賱毓丕賲賱 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷 賮賷賴丕 丿賵乇 賰亘賷乇 賵賲丐孬乇 毓亘乇 丕賱毓氐賵乇.
賵賷賯丿賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 睾賳賷丞 賵賲卮賵賯丞 毓賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿 賵丕賱爻賷丕爻丞 賵 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賱賰賱 賲賳 丕賱兀賯丕賱賷賲 丕賱賲匕賰賵乇丞 賲爻亘賯丕 賲毓 丕賱鬲乇賰賷夭 毓賱賶 丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱賴丕賲 賱賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賮賷 鬲卮賰賷賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱.
丕毓噩亘賳賷 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賳 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱丕賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賲賵噩賴丞 賱賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱毓丕丿賷. 賮賴賷 賵丕囟丨丞 賵賲亘爻胤丞 賵賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 爻賴賱丞 賵賲鬲丿丕賵賱丞 賵賱賷爻鬲 鬲禺氐氐賷丞 亘丿乇噩丞 毓丕賱賷丞. 賰賲丕 賷卮賲賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱禺乇丕卅胤 鬲爻賴賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賯丕乇卅 乇亘胤 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 亘丕賱乇爻賵賲 丕賱鬲賵囟賷丨賷丞. 賰賲丕 賷賵賮乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賯丕卅賲丞 賲乇丕噩毓 丕囟丕賮賷丞 賱賱賯丕乇卅 丕賱匕賷 賷賵丿 丕賱廿胤賱丕毓 毓賱賶 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賰孬乇 丨賵賱 賲賵囟賵毓 賲毓賷賳 賵乇丿 賮賷 賮氐賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘.
禺賱丕氐丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘:
乇賵爻賷丕 鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘兀賳賴丕 兀賰亘乇 丿賵賱丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 鬲賲鬲丿 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 丕丨丿賶 毓卮乇 禺胤 胤賵賱賷 賵賱賰賳賴丕 賲毓 匕賱賰 鬲賮鬲賯乇 廿賱賶 丕賱賲賵丕賳卅 丕賱賲胤賱丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賷丕賴 丕賱丿丕賮卅丞貙 賮賲毓馗賲 丕賱賲賵丕賳卅 丕賱乇賵爻賷丞 鬲鬲噩賲丿 賲賷丕賴賴丕 賱卮賴賵乇 胤賵賷賱丞. 賵氐乇丕毓賴丕 賲毓 兀賵賰乇丕賳賷丕 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱 賴賵 賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱廿亘賯丕亍 賲賷賳丕亍 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱賯乇賲 鬲丨鬲 爻賷胤乇鬲賴丕. 賵鬲鬲賲賷夭 乇賵爻賷丕 亘孬乇賵丕鬲 賰亘賷乇丞 賲賳 丕賱睾丕夭 賵丕賱賳賮胤 丕賱匕賷 鬲氐丿乇賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕賱兀賳丕亘賷亘 賱噩賷乇丕賳賴丕 賲賳 丕賱噩賲賴賵乇賷丕鬲 丕賱爻賵賮賷鬲賷丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賵毓丿丿 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 賵丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 賷噩毓賱賴丕 匕丕鬲 爻賷胤乇丞 睾賷乇 賲亘丕卮乇丞 毓賱賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲睾囟 丕賱胤乇賮 毓賳 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 爻賷丕爻丕鬲 乇賵爻賷丕 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲鬲囟乇乇 賲氐丕賱丨賴丕.
丕賱氐賷賳 鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘賲噩丕賵乇丞 毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 賵丨丿賵丿賴丕 賲丨賲賷丞 亘卮賰賱 胤亘賷毓賷 亘鬲囟丕乇賷爻 賵賴賷 賲賷夭丞 賱丕 鬲鬲賵賮乇 賱丿賶 乇賵爻賷丕. 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱氐賷賳 兀賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲賲鬲賱賰 賯賵丞 亘丨乇賷丞 丨乇賷賷丞 賲丐孬乇丞 賱丕爻賷賲丕 賵兀賳 丨丿賵丿賴丕 丕賱亘丨乇賷丞 賵禺胤賵胤 丕賱賲賱丕丨丞 丕賱亘丨乇賷丞 鬲鬲卮丕乇賰賴丕 丿賵賱 賰孬賷乇丞 兀禺乇賶 賵賴匕丕 賷賲孬賱 禺胤乇丕 毓賱賶 卮乇賷丕賳 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賴丕 丕賱兀賴賲 賵賴賵 鬲氐丿賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲噩丕鬲 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 賱噩賲賷毓 丿賵賱 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
兀賲丕 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賮賴賷 兀賰孬乇 丕賱丿賵賱 丨馗丕 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賮賴賷 鬲胤賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱兀胤賱爻賷 賲賳 噩賴丞 賵丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賴丕丿賷 賲賳 噩賴丞 兀禺乇賶 賵賱賷爻 賱丿賷賴丕 賲賳 噩賷乇丕賳 爻賵賶 賰賳丿丕 賮賷 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱賲賰爻賷賰 賮賷 丕賱噩賳賵亘. 賲毓馗賲 丨乇賵亘 兀賲乇賷賰丕 鬲賯毓 賮賷 兀賯丕賱賷賲 噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 亘毓賷丿丞 毓賳賴丕 賲賳丕 賷噩毓賱賴丕 賮賷 賲兀賲賳 賳爻亘賷丕 賵賱賰賳 丕賱鬲賰賳賱賵噩賷丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賰爻乇鬲 丨丕噩夭 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賰賲丕 賴賵 丕賱丨丕賱 賮賷 丕賱賴噩賲丕鬲 丕賱廿乇賴丕亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵賯毓鬲 賮賷 丿丕禺賱 兀賲乇賷賰丕. 賵賷鬲賳丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賵囟賵毓 賴丕賲 賵賴賵 丕鬲噩丕賴 兀賲乇賷賰丕 賱賱丕賰鬲賮丕亍 丕賱匕丕鬲賷 賲賳 丕賱賳賮胤 賲毓 賳賴丕賷丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賯丿 賲賲丕 賯丿 賷睾賷乇 爻賷丕爻丕鬲賴丕 賵鬲賵丕噩丿賴丕 賮賷 賲賳胤賯丞 丕賱禺賱賷噩 賲爻鬲賯亘賱丕.
鬲賱毓亘 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丿賵乇丕 賴丕賲丕 賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲賰賵賳 賲賳 毓丿丿 賰亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 賮賷 賲爻丕丨丞 氐睾賷乇丞 賳爻亘賷丕 賲賯丕乇賳丞 亘丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞 丕賵 乇賵爻賷丕 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱. 賵鬲鬲賳賵毓 孬賯丕賮丕鬲 賵兀毓乇丕賯 賵賱睾丕鬲 卮毓賵亘 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賮氐賱 亘賷賳賴丕 丨丿賵丿 噩睾乇丕賮賷丞 賰丕賱兀賳賴丕乇 賵丕賱噩亘丕賱 賵鬲賲鬲丕夭 亘賲賳丕禺 賲毓鬲丿賱 毓賲賵賲丕 賵賲賵賯毓 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷 亘賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賯丿賷賲 賵丕賱噩丿賷丿 . 賵賰丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賳賵毓 爻亘亘 賱賳卮賵亘 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵鬲睾賷乇 匕賱賰 廿賱賶 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱鬲丨賯賷賯 丕賱丕鬲丨丕丿 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱丨丕囟乇. 賵賱賰賳 賱丕鬲夭丕賱 賴賳丕賰 賮噩賵丞 亘賷賳 丿賵賱 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱噩賳賵亘 賵丿賵賱 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱睾乇亘 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷. 賰賲丕 賷鬲胤乇賯 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 廿賱賶 賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 亘賷賳 丿賵賱 兀賵乇賵亘丕 賵丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賲賳 丿賵賱 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤 賵兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賳丨賵 丿賵賱 丕賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵賲丿賶 鬲兀孬賷乇 賴匕賴 丕賱賴噩乇丕鬲 毓賱賶 鬲睾賷賷乇 孬賯丕賮丞 賵爻賷丕爻丞 賵丨賷丕丞 兀賵乇賵亘丕 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞.
兀賲丕 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賮賯丿 賷賰賵賳 兀丨丿 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲兀禺乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱賱丨丕賯 亘乇賰亘 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷 賴賵 丕賳毓夭丕賱賴丕 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 毓賳 丕賱賯丕乇丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶. 賵賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳毓夭丕賱 爻亘亘賴 賵噩賵丿 兀賯賱賷賲 丕賱氐丨乇丕亍 丕賱賰亘乇賶 賵丕賱兀賳賴丕乇 丕賱賲賲鬲丿丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐賱丨 賱賱賲賱丕丨丞 丕賱胤賵賷賱丞 賱賵噩賵丿 丕賱卮賱丕賱丕鬲 賵丕賱丕賳丨丿丕乇丕鬲 賮賷賴丕 賵賰匕賱賰 丕賱卮賵丕胤卅 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐賱丨 賰賲賵丕賳賷亍 毓賱丕賵丞 毓賱賶 兀賳 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲丨丕胤丞 亘丕賱亘丨丕乇 賵丕賱賲丨賷胤丕鬲 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱噩賵丕賳亘. 賵賲賲丕 爻丕賴賲 賮賷 丕賳毓夭丕賱 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 兀賳 丕賱鬲亘丕丿賱 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱 睾丕賱亘丕 賲丕 賷賰賵賳 亘賷賳 丕賱卮乇賯 賵丕賱睾乇亘 賵賱賷爻 丕賱卮賲丕賱 賵丕賱噩賳賵亘. 兀囟賮 廿賱賶 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲兀禺乇 丕賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲卮賰賱丞 鬲賮卮賷 丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 賰丕賱賲賱丕乇賷丕 賵丕賳賵丕毓 丕賱丨賲賶 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻賴賲 丕賱亘賷卅丞 丕賱丨丕乇丞 賵丕賱乇胤亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 賵賲賳 兀賴賲 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賲爻丕賴賲丞 賮賷 鬲兀禺乇 兀賮乇賷賯賷丕 賲丕 鬲毓乇囟鬲 賱賴丕 卮毓賵亘賴丕 賲賳 賲賵噩丕鬲 丕賱丕爻鬲毓亘丕丿 賱賲卅丕鬲 丕賱爻賳賷賳 賲賲丕 賯賱賱 丕賱賰孬丕賮丞 丕賱爻賰丕賳賷丞 賮賷 賲爻丕丨丕鬲 卮丕爻毓丞. 賵噩丕亍 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 丕賱丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 孬賲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞 賵丕賱丨乇賵亘 亘賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱丨丿賵丿 丕賱賲氐胤賳毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 乇爻賲賴丕 丕賱賲爻鬲毓賲乇 賵丕賱氐乇丕毓 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕亍 賵丕賱賳賮胤.
賵賷賵丕氐賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓乇囟 賵鬲賮氐賷賱 鬲兀孬賷乇 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱丕爻鬲毓賲丕乇 賱賱丿賵賱 賵乇爻賲 丕賱丨丿賵丿 毓賱賶 丕賱禺乇丕卅胤 丿賵賳 丕賱賳馗乇 賱胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵丕賱賯亘丕卅賱 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿丞 毓賱賶 兀乇囟 丕賱賵丕賯毓 賵兀孬乇 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 賲毓馗賲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱氐乇丕毓丕鬲 賮賷 賷賵賲賳丕 賴匕丕 賱丕爻賷賲丕 賮賷 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱丕賵爻胤貙 丕賱賴賳丿 賵亘丕賰爻鬲丕賳. 孬賲 賷賳鬲賯賱 賱賰賵乇賷丕 賵丕賱賷丕亘丕賳貙 兀賲乇賷賰丕 丕賱噩賳賵亘賷丞 賵賷禺鬲賲 亘丕賱賲丨賷胤 丕賱賲鬲噩賲丿 丕賱卮賲丕賱賷.
賲賱丕丨馗丞: 丨氐賱鬲 毓賱賶 賳爻禺丞 丕賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賵丕爻胤丞 賲噩賲賵毓丞 亘乇賷丿賷丞 賱賳丕丿賷 賯乇丕亍丞 賳賷噩賷乇賷.
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