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336 pages, Paperback
First published November 1, 1970
Do you think that your hopes and those of someone else coincide, that your hopes can be smoothly realized for you by someone else? People live for themselves and think only of themselves. You who more than most think only of yourself have gone too far and let yourself be blinded.
You thought that history has its exceptions. There are none. You thought that the race has its exceptions. There are none.
There is no special right to happiness and none to unhappiness. There is no tragedy and there is no genius. Your confidence and your dreams are groundless. If there is on this earth something exceptional, special beauty or special evil, nature finds it out and uproots it. We should all by now have learned the hard lesson, that there are no ‘elect.’
[…] All puffed up by illusions born of abstract concepts, you strut about as the master of a destiny even though you have none of the qualifications. You think you have seen to the ends of the earth. But you have not once had an invitation beyond the horizon. You have nothing to do with light or enlightenment, there is no real spirit in flesh or in heart.
Keene: Mr. Shiba, you said that Mishima Yukio was searching for something absolute, and I agree with you. Mishima proposed that the Emperor is an infallible being, but he wasn't talking about the Shōwa Emperor or the Meiji Emperor, but the abstract concept of Emperor.
Shiba: Yes.
Keene: Mishima believed that the abstract and absolute Emperor could do no wrong. I think he thought that if that wasn't the case, then there was no meaning at all in the world. If everything was relative, that the Emperor of Japan was comparable to the Queen of England, then he thought that the world was meaningless.
His final tetralogy is called , but that was a form of irony. When you talk about Fertility, it's the state of being rich in harvest, but Mishima's "Sea of Fertility" is talking about the sea on the moon (reviewer note: ). There is no water in that sea, or for that matter, anything at all. It's just a name. I think Mishima looked at the world, and reached the same conclusion. There's nothing in the world, it's nihilistic, but if there is something, then it's the abstract concept of the Emperor. God would also do, but Mishima didn't believe in God, so he wanted to believe in the abstract Emperor's existence.
He wrote the novel, , in which the kamikaze pilots strongly criticise the . If the Emperor is an ordinary human, then they don't know what they're dying for. Mishima thought that if something verging on the absolute wasn't involved, then the heroes' acts were meaningless. Perhaps, in the end, he was unable to believe. And that was the tragedy of Mishima.
Shiba: Mishima Yukio probably used the word 'god' in a special way, and it didn't point to gods like or . Mishima's 'God' was a God with a capital G. As you said, Mr. Keene, Mishima wasn't a Christian, so if he were to search for the absolute elsewhere, it would be the Emperor in front of him. However, this wasn't a specific Emperor, but the absolute Emperor he thought he held in his grasp. If this wasn't the case, then he wouldn't be able to write...perhaps he thought of the Emperor not as an ideology but rather as literature, but I'm not sure. Unless he comes here himself to explain, we won't know for sure, but Mr. Keene, you must understand it well, as a feeling. He must have had an admiration for the 'absolute'.
Keene: He must have.
Shiba: And unfortunately, that's nowhere to be found in Japan.
Keene: It's the same with his . The Temple itself is absolute. Because the Temple exists, the protagonist, Mizoguchi can't be free. Because absolute beauty is always there in front of his eyes, he can't love women either. Mishima had this strong admiration for such absoluteness.