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賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 : 賰賷賮 賷賲賰賳 賱賱兀卮賷丕亍 丕賱氐睾賷乇丞 兀賳 鬲丨丿孬 鬲睾賷賷乇丕 賰亘賷乇丕
賴賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱賱丨馗丞 丕賱爻丨乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲噩鬲丕夭 賮賷賴丕 賮賰乇丞 兀賵 鬲賷丕乇 兀賵 爻賱賵賰 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 毓鬲亘丞 賲毓賷賳丞 賵鬲鬲丨賵賾賱 賵鬲賳鬲卮乇 賲孬賱 丕賱賳丕乇 丕賱賲爻鬲毓乇丞.
賯丿賾賲 賲丕賱賰賱賵賱賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿乇丕爻丞 賲丿賴卮丞 丨賵賱 兀賳賲丕胤 丕賱鬲氐乇賮丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賵賷乇賷賳丕 賰賷賮 亘廿賲賰丕賳 兀氐睾乇 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 廿丨丿丕孬 鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賰丕爻丨丞 賮賷 鬲氐乇賮丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓. 賵乇睾賲 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷囟賲賾 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱廿丨氐丕亍丕鬲貙 賵賳賲丕匕噩丕賸 毓賳 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 丕賱賯丕丿乇賷賳 毓賱賶 廿丨丿丕孬 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲貙 賮廿賳賴 賷亘丿賵 賰乇賵丕賷丞 賲卮賵賾賯丞 亘爻亘亘 兀賳丕賯丞 賯賱賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘.
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 丨賯賾賯 兀毓賱賶 賳爻亘丞 賲賳 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲貙 亘丿兀 賷睾賷賾乇 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賱亘賷毓 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲賴賲 賵賳卮乇 兀賮賰丕乇賴賲. 賵賴賵 賷賱賯賶 廿賯亘丕賱丕賸 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賵禺丕氐丞 賲爻丐賵賱賵 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 賵丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷賷賳 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賷賳.
賯丿賾賲 賲丕賱賰賱賵賱賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿乇丕爻丞 賲丿賴卮丞 丨賵賱 兀賳賲丕胤 丕賱鬲氐乇賮丕鬲 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞貙 賵賷乇賷賳丕 賰賷賮 亘廿賲賰丕賳 兀氐睾乇 丕賱兀卮賷丕亍 廿丨丿丕孬 鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賰丕爻丨丞 賮賷 鬲氐乇賮丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓. 賵乇睾賲 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷囟賲賾 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱廿丨氐丕亍丕鬲貙 賵賳賲丕匕噩丕賸 毓賳 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丨賵賱 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 丕賱賯丕丿乇賷賳 毓賱賶 廿丨丿丕孬 賴匕賴 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲貙 賮廿賳賴 賷亘丿賵 賰乇賵丕賷丞 賲卮賵賾賯丞 亘爻亘亘 兀賳丕賯丞 賯賱賲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘.
賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱匕賷 丨賯賾賯 兀毓賱賶 賳爻亘丞 賲賳 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲貙 亘丿兀 賷睾賷賾乇 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賱亘賷毓 賲賳鬲噩丕鬲賴賲 賵賳卮乇 兀賮賰丕乇賴賲. 賵賴賵 賷賱賯賶 廿賯亘丕賱丕賸 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賵禺丕氐丞 賲爻丐賵賱賵 丕賱鬲爻賵賷賯貙 賵丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷賷賳 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷賷賳.
240 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2002
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About the author
Malcolm Gladwell
127听books38.4k听followersMalcolm Timothy Gladwell is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published seven books. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries.
Gladwell's writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, such as sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. Gladwell was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.
Gladwell's writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, such as sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. Gladwell was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 16,928 reviews
February 20, 2008
This book is fascinating and I was disappointed to read that many other readers didn't think so. So here's my response.
I think those readers are approaching this book the wrong the way when they critisize Gladwell for his inability to prove his points thoroughly. Sure, Gladwell could have dotted every i and crossed every t and shown every counter-example to the theories he's proposing. There's a word for the books that accomplish that: BORING. Gladwell is a storyteller and he knows how to keep the reader involved. By going into too much detail, he would lose his audience. Hopefully the reader who isn't convinced entirely can go into further detail by reading Gladwell's sources which are exhaustively referenced in the back of the book.
Another criticism is that Gladwell doesn't come to a specific point or that his points are hazy (this was probably more true with "Blink"). I almost want to say "who cares?" This book and "Blink" are veritable digests of the latest advances in psychology and sociology. So what if the overarching idea of the book is loose? You have now understood countless fascinating anecdotes which you can reconstruct in your own way. It is Gladwell's loose structure that allows him to connect these disparate dots in a story that you can digest, and despite the accusations that he is not precise about his overall thesis, the individual incidents are very well explained.
I love knowing the differences between Sesame Street and Blue's Clues and the differences between an adult's and a child's cognitive capabilities. Would I have read an entire book devoted solely to that? Probably not, but I was happy to read a chapter devoted to it, and a very well-written one at that.
Perhaps I approach non-fiction in a different way than most--and I will admit that I'm fascinated by almost any new, dramatically different idea about any subject, regardless of whether or not I believe it to be true--but I think that people who go into this book seeking a different way of thinking about the world around us, macro & microcosmically, will enjoy themselves. Those who go into the book seeking to be convinced beyond doubt that that way of thinking is the correct way, will not.
I think those readers are approaching this book the wrong the way when they critisize Gladwell for his inability to prove his points thoroughly. Sure, Gladwell could have dotted every i and crossed every t and shown every counter-example to the theories he's proposing. There's a word for the books that accomplish that: BORING. Gladwell is a storyteller and he knows how to keep the reader involved. By going into too much detail, he would lose his audience. Hopefully the reader who isn't convinced entirely can go into further detail by reading Gladwell's sources which are exhaustively referenced in the back of the book.
Another criticism is that Gladwell doesn't come to a specific point or that his points are hazy (this was probably more true with "Blink"). I almost want to say "who cares?" This book and "Blink" are veritable digests of the latest advances in psychology and sociology. So what if the overarching idea of the book is loose? You have now understood countless fascinating anecdotes which you can reconstruct in your own way. It is Gladwell's loose structure that allows him to connect these disparate dots in a story that you can digest, and despite the accusations that he is not precise about his overall thesis, the individual incidents are very well explained.
I love knowing the differences between Sesame Street and Blue's Clues and the differences between an adult's and a child's cognitive capabilities. Would I have read an entire book devoted solely to that? Probably not, but I was happy to read a chapter devoted to it, and a very well-written one at that.
Perhaps I approach non-fiction in a different way than most--and I will admit that I'm fascinated by almost any new, dramatically different idea about any subject, regardless of whether or not I believe it to be true--but I think that people who go into this book seeking a different way of thinking about the world around us, macro & microcosmically, will enjoy themselves. Those who go into the book seeking to be convinced beyond doubt that that way of thinking is the correct way, will not.
February 27, 2008
This book grew out of an article Malcolm Gladwell was writing for the New Yorker. Frankly, it is better suited for a 5-7 page article rather than a 280 page book. The crux of the book is that the "stickiness factor" of epidemics (whatever the nature) begins with a tipping point. This tipping point arises because of three distinct sets of individuals: mavens, connectors and salespeople. He also examines the well-known S-curve which begins with innovators, then early adopters, followed by the early majority and finally, the late majority. He is overwhelmingly redundant in expressing his ideas, providing examples of epidemics throughout the text while comparing them to one another (children's television, Hushpuppy shoes, Paul Revere's ride, nicotine, and the list goes on and on...). The Conclusion, the eighth and final chapter, was pointless: if the reader did not understand Gladwell's point by now, he or she must have been as lost as Washington Redskins' new coach Jim Zorn when he commented his family was proud to wear maroon and black.
All that said, the book was not horrible. It was a well written first person narrative and the lessons of the emergence of epidemics are applicable to almost any career or lifestyle, as Gladwell demonstrated with his countless examples.
All that said, the book was not horrible. It was a well written first person narrative and the lessons of the emergence of epidemics are applicable to almost any career or lifestyle, as Gladwell demonstrated with his countless examples.
July 6, 2008
Can I give this zero stars?
When I read this book, back in 2006, I got really mad and wrote a scathing review of it on Amazon.com. Here it is:
"I've been duped!, June 20, 2006
By Sarah (California, USA) - See all my reviews
This book sucks. Don't waste your hard earned money on it. Let me save you a few bucks here: Malcolm Gladwell is either a self-aggrandizing ass who is too busy thinking he is the god of marketing to notice that a great majority of his arguments lack any kind of cohesion or credibility whatsoever, or he is just so excited about his self-proclaimed 'paradigmatic' keys to the essense of social epidemics that he conveniently forgets to include that much needed credible evidence to support his long-winded theories, resulting in a book fit to satiate the appetite of audiences hungry for pop pseudo-science BS that will make them feel smart for reading it. Basically all this book is is a compilation of anecdotal evidence that is supposed to prove the truth in his words. Gladwell's arguments clearly violate some very important rules guiding intelligent thought: correlation does not imply causation (and the fact that two events happened on one occasion at the same time does not necessarily imply correlation), and the idea that a theory is bankable because one instance of anecdotal evidence exists. Umm, okay, that's like saying that I know a guy who won the lottery (I don't, but humor me), so it must be a logically good place to invest my paychecks (I don't have paychecks, but, please, humor me). I mean, I'm a 21-year-old college student, and not even a GOOD college student at that, and I could easily point out the flaws in his arguments -not just a single argument, but ALL of his arguments -as soon as I read them. I didn't even have to put the book down to think for a few minutes before I realized how absolutely pointless and downright ludicrous his 'insights' were. All that aside, his writing style is so patronizing and self-congratulatory that I could hardly stand to read any more than five pages at a time before my face got all scrunched up and I started uncontrollably muttering curse words under my breath. It makes me sad that people read this book and consider it a revelation in modern psychological and scientific thinking, not seeing it for what it is: an apparently very successful (thanks, readers of America) profit-driven waste of time. Gladwell made a ton of money off what probably only took him, like, 15 minutes to write, and THAT is the only thing genius about this book."
Yeah, I was kinda mad when I wrote that. This book doesn't really do much in the way of illustrating how to market ideas -rather, it seems more like a marketing tool itself. Gladwell sure knows how to create a brand for himself, complete with a legion of raving followers who can't think for themselves. That scares me.
When I read this book, back in 2006, I got really mad and wrote a scathing review of it on Amazon.com. Here it is:
"I've been duped!, June 20, 2006
By Sarah (California, USA) - See all my reviews
This book sucks. Don't waste your hard earned money on it. Let me save you a few bucks here: Malcolm Gladwell is either a self-aggrandizing ass who is too busy thinking he is the god of marketing to notice that a great majority of his arguments lack any kind of cohesion or credibility whatsoever, or he is just so excited about his self-proclaimed 'paradigmatic' keys to the essense of social epidemics that he conveniently forgets to include that much needed credible evidence to support his long-winded theories, resulting in a book fit to satiate the appetite of audiences hungry for pop pseudo-science BS that will make them feel smart for reading it. Basically all this book is is a compilation of anecdotal evidence that is supposed to prove the truth in his words. Gladwell's arguments clearly violate some very important rules guiding intelligent thought: correlation does not imply causation (and the fact that two events happened on one occasion at the same time does not necessarily imply correlation), and the idea that a theory is bankable because one instance of anecdotal evidence exists. Umm, okay, that's like saying that I know a guy who won the lottery (I don't, but humor me), so it must be a logically good place to invest my paychecks (I don't have paychecks, but, please, humor me). I mean, I'm a 21-year-old college student, and not even a GOOD college student at that, and I could easily point out the flaws in his arguments -not just a single argument, but ALL of his arguments -as soon as I read them. I didn't even have to put the book down to think for a few minutes before I realized how absolutely pointless and downright ludicrous his 'insights' were. All that aside, his writing style is so patronizing and self-congratulatory that I could hardly stand to read any more than five pages at a time before my face got all scrunched up and I started uncontrollably muttering curse words under my breath. It makes me sad that people read this book and consider it a revelation in modern psychological and scientific thinking, not seeing it for what it is: an apparently very successful (thanks, readers of America) profit-driven waste of time. Gladwell made a ton of money off what probably only took him, like, 15 minutes to write, and THAT is the only thing genius about this book."
Yeah, I was kinda mad when I wrote that. This book doesn't really do much in the way of illustrating how to market ideas -rather, it seems more like a marketing tool itself. Gladwell sure knows how to create a brand for himself, complete with a legion of raving followers who can't think for themselves. That scares me.
August 13, 2016
How the flying fuck did this piece of shit ever get published? How on God's green earth did this thing become a bestseller?
Yes, I'm the last person in America to read The Tipping Point, and I'm glad I waited. Now that all the hype has burned off, it's easy to see this book for what it is: a very well crafted collection of half-truths and speculation, sold as "truth".
Let's look at one example. I read The Tipping Point as an ebook, so my pages might not match completely with yours, but it's the story about the AIDS virus, Chapter One, Section 2, page 24. In writing about a weird epidemic among newborns in the 1950s, Gladwell says of the lead scientist, "Goudsmit thinks that this was an early HIV epidemic."
Nothing wrong with that. Gladwell is reporting what a scientist thinks. Gladwell then offers an extended quote from Dr. Goudsmit, which is loaded with conditional statements: "this adult could have died of AIDS", "he could have transmitted the virus", "she could have given birth to an HIV infected child", "unsterilized needles could have spread the virus".
Again, all well and good: Goudsmit was speculating, and making it clear that what he was saying was not certain, but that it "could have" happened.
Then Gladwell returns and destroys the careful foundation he had built by making concrete statements about things that a moment before were only hypotheses: "They defeated HIV", "The strains of HIV circulating in the 1950s were a lot different from the HIV circulating today", "HIV itself changed" None of this is proven by any of the information Gladwell gave us. All of it is speculation. But Gladwell draws firm conclusions from things that are, at best, educated guesses. I'm sorry but that's just wrong.
Actually, I'm not sorry. What Gladwell did is so wrong it's unforgivable.
I've been a journalist for 20 years, and I work with some of the finest fact checkers in the world. If I ever handed in a badly reasoned piece of shit like this book, they'd tear me a new asshole. (No they wouldn't. They're very nice people. But they would tear the manuscript a new asshole, as they should.) More to the point, I have enough respect for myself, my readers, and my fact checkers that I'd never hand in something like this in the first place. That Gladwell thought he could get away with it (and let's face it, he did get away with it) is metaphorically criminal. Fuck him.
Yes, I'm the last person in America to read The Tipping Point, and I'm glad I waited. Now that all the hype has burned off, it's easy to see this book for what it is: a very well crafted collection of half-truths and speculation, sold as "truth".
Let's look at one example. I read The Tipping Point as an ebook, so my pages might not match completely with yours, but it's the story about the AIDS virus, Chapter One, Section 2, page 24. In writing about a weird epidemic among newborns in the 1950s, Gladwell says of the lead scientist, "Goudsmit thinks that this was an early HIV epidemic."
Nothing wrong with that. Gladwell is reporting what a scientist thinks. Gladwell then offers an extended quote from Dr. Goudsmit, which is loaded with conditional statements: "this adult could have died of AIDS", "he could have transmitted the virus", "she could have given birth to an HIV infected child", "unsterilized needles could have spread the virus".
Again, all well and good: Goudsmit was speculating, and making it clear that what he was saying was not certain, but that it "could have" happened.
Then Gladwell returns and destroys the careful foundation he had built by making concrete statements about things that a moment before were only hypotheses: "They defeated HIV", "The strains of HIV circulating in the 1950s were a lot different from the HIV circulating today", "HIV itself changed" None of this is proven by any of the information Gladwell gave us. All of it is speculation. But Gladwell draws firm conclusions from things that are, at best, educated guesses. I'm sorry but that's just wrong.
Actually, I'm not sorry. What Gladwell did is so wrong it's unforgivable.
I've been a journalist for 20 years, and I work with some of the finest fact checkers in the world. If I ever handed in a badly reasoned piece of shit like this book, they'd tear me a new asshole. (No they wouldn't. They're very nice people. But they would tear the manuscript a new asshole, as they should.) More to the point, I have enough respect for myself, my readers, and my fact checkers that I'd never hand in something like this in the first place. That Gladwell thought he could get away with it (and let's face it, he did get away with it) is metaphorically criminal. Fuck him.
March 22, 2017
Really good book. It read like a bestseller (quick read), but had a lot of substance to stop and make you think.
three Rules of the tipping point: the law of the few, the stickyness factor, the power of context.
Law of the Few (people who influence):
- Connectors: super connectors (eg Paul Revere). William Dawes had the same mission as Paul Revere the same night but we haven't heard of him b/c Paul Revere was a super-connector & knew who to rouse.
- Mavens: A Maven is a person who has information on a lot of different products or prices or places. This person likes to initiate discussions with consumers and respond to requests. They like to be helpers in the marketplace.
- Salesmen: people with the skills of persuasion. Good at reading people entering into "conversational harmony" with them. Facial gestures (nods, smiles, frowns) are key indicators. Emotional Mimicry. Studies showed Peter Jennings viewers voted Republican b/c he unconsciously smiled more while covering Reagan.
Stickyness Factor
- Sesame street succeeded b/c it learned to make TV sticky. It did a TON of testing with focus groups of kids to increase stickyness (how much kids remembered) of each show. They would cut scenes that didn't hold attention until each show
was good.
- Blues Clues did even more testing and discovered that kids love repetition - it plays the same show 5 times in a row and kids love it.
- make the message personal to make it memorable
The Power of Context
- Broken window theory. NYC cleaned up its crime epidemic by cleaning off the graffiti from its subways.
- Often to change human behavior you have to change the context the problem is presented in.
- Stanford Prison Experiment by Zimbardo proved that context matters.
- law of 150: a person can't 'know' more than 150 people, so companies usually start to fail at that point. Gore-Tex breaks up a company into 2 once it hits 150, because they've found things work better that way.
three Rules of the tipping point: the law of the few, the stickyness factor, the power of context.
Law of the Few (people who influence):
- Connectors: super connectors (eg Paul Revere). William Dawes had the same mission as Paul Revere the same night but we haven't heard of him b/c Paul Revere was a super-connector & knew who to rouse.
- Mavens: A Maven is a person who has information on a lot of different products or prices or places. This person likes to initiate discussions with consumers and respond to requests. They like to be helpers in the marketplace.
- Salesmen: people with the skills of persuasion. Good at reading people entering into "conversational harmony" with them. Facial gestures (nods, smiles, frowns) are key indicators. Emotional Mimicry. Studies showed Peter Jennings viewers voted Republican b/c he unconsciously smiled more while covering Reagan.
Stickyness Factor
- Sesame street succeeded b/c it learned to make TV sticky. It did a TON of testing with focus groups of kids to increase stickyness (how much kids remembered) of each show. They would cut scenes that didn't hold attention until each show
was good.
- Blues Clues did even more testing and discovered that kids love repetition - it plays the same show 5 times in a row and kids love it.
- make the message personal to make it memorable
The Power of Context
- Broken window theory. NYC cleaned up its crime epidemic by cleaning off the graffiti from its subways.
- Often to change human behavior you have to change the context the problem is presented in.
- Stanford Prison Experiment by Zimbardo proved that context matters.
- law of 150: a person can't 'know' more than 150 people, so companies usually start to fail at that point. Gore-Tex breaks up a company into 2 once it hits 150, because they've found things work better that way.
August 11, 2018
I think missed the best by date for this book. It's more fun than an introductory course in sociology and covers some of the same material. Reminded me of by and 's Blue Ant series. All looking for the point where people change behavior and a new trend begins.
I loved the part about creating the children's education tv programs Sesame Street and Blue's Clues. What worked with preschoolers, and what didn't.
It seems likely Gladwell relies on his enthusiasm for his theory more than fact. That being said, I'll probably read more of his books. It's good food for thought.
I loved the part about creating the children's education tv programs Sesame Street and Blue's Clues. What worked with preschoolers, and what didn't.
It seems likely Gladwell relies on his enthusiasm for his theory more than fact. That being said, I'll probably read more of his books. It's good food for thought.
December 27, 2010
Here鈥檚 why you need to read The Tipping Point. You don鈥檛!!
Look, it鈥檚 not because the writing is poor, the concepts disorganized, or the book fails to instruct. It鈥檚 simply that the ideas are anachronistic. This is no fault of Malcolm Gladwell. He published in 2000, wrote in 鈥�99, and used case studies from the mid-90鈥檚. How could he have known he was publishing a book about social media on the eve of social media鈥檚 inchoate move into our social DeoxyriboNucleicAcid, or that the overgrowth of social connectedness would evolve at rates understated by the term logarithmic.
This is a snappy little book--a good one for Thursday evening book club affairs. I quite liked it. Digestible chapters with jaunty titles, connecting for the reader complex sociocultural beliefs to gravid marketing slogans. Pert discussion, and a context that builds on previous conclusions, leading the audience like an unbridled horse gently to water. Gladwell, he鈥檚 a good salesman, one that can close a deal without hiding a rotten premolar or repeatedly glancing at his wristwatch. It鈥檚 3.5 stars.
Nevertheless, if you鈥檝e fogged a mirror in the last 10 years, much of what Gladwell worked hard to synthesize in year 2000 is merely a matter of course in the mercurial, social, connected life we lead today. Essentially the book is about marketing. (There鈥檚 more herein than marketing, but that鈥檚 what I鈥檇 like to focus on). The title underscores a link throughout the book, viz., that no matter the medium, information reaches a 鈥榯ipping鈥� point beyond which it spreads above and away from any reasonable measure of altitude control. He repeatedly uses the term epidemic, and I like the image that word conjures in my mind when I think of how pervasive and persistent and contagious marketing can be (like the scene in Ten Commandments where the pestilence of God鈥檚 wrath moves down from the moon and like a swampy yellow miasma flows through the streets of Ramses鈥檚 Egypt) . Gladwell lays down some meaty discussion about the 鈥榳hys鈥� and 鈥榳herefore's鈥� of the nature of networked relationships, using sociology, psychology, penal philosophy, genetics, pop culture, economics, archeobiology, and personal interviews.
It鈥檚 a snapshot of a fossil, though. He is in essence describing our world when information was still Near Real Time (NRT), a military acronym meaning 鈥榓ctionable鈥� but not 鈥榚xactable.鈥� We upgraded that acronym circa 2004-2006 when information became--no shit--Real Time. Real Time worldwide data is a phenomena we鈥檝e only recently begun to comprehend and manipulate. Write a discussion about how your start-up can triangulate consumers, and you鈥檒l have a lead story in Harvard Business Review. Develop an android app that geolocates high volume consumers, and Starbucks will give $$credit$$ to the first 10 people that check into their stores in Cleveland, Charlotte, and Chattanooga. Twitter trends topics, not daily, but hourly. Google Metrics displays global boolean traffic on word searches RIGHT NOW. Crowdsourcing, flash mobs, #hashtags. I can set a Google alert that pings me the next time Brittany Spears has an inadvertent bush shot at the Palms Casino. I can scan barcodes on my phone, and know by a factor of pennies where I can get the cheapest sun dried tomatoes. I can listen to any law enforcement scanner in the country while sitting in my tighty-whities in my fall-out basement. Gowalla, Foursquare, StumbleUpon, grooveshark, HTML5, mashable, MMORPGs, skype, 欧宝娱乐. And the every present memes--viral video memes, photo memes--Christ, look at the major news networks during an election and watch the TV anchors in the studio move to the floating, diaphanous plates of glass and enlarge voting counties and predict elections with two-fingered zoom.
Malcolm Gladwell could not have foreseen the breadth and rapidity of tipping points in today鈥檚 market. No one could have--not even industry leaders in year 2000. Tipping points are not isolated events anymore, like the slow resurgence of Hush Puppy shoes from 1994-1996 (the most cited tipping point in the book, and one Gladwell considers--by his own criteria--rapid). They are daily memes, forcing us into ever tighter circles of consumption, and causing many of us to brux our teeth when we lose cell coverage or go to airplane mode on our smart phones. SMART PHONES--a technology by itself that puts the rust on Gladwell鈥檚 conception of tipping points. Despite sound research methodology, and pertinent statistical evaluation, I don鈥檛 envision many people going back to The Tipping Point. It鈥檚 like reading last week鈥檚 headlines; last year鈥檚 Consumer Reports; financial data from 2008; political promises from 2006; real estate values from 2005, or the Manhattan skyline on 10 Sep 2001. Maybe for an anecdotal dissertation by some students squirreled away at Weber State or Lehigh University, but other than that I think most of the 77,000 Goodread reviews of this book occurred much nearer the time it was on the best seller list in 2000-2001. There are 4 copies available at my library. It ain鈥檛 flying off the shelves anymore, and neither is the 1994 Rand McNally Atlas. You dig?
But, wait, let鈥檚 go deeper. I dogeared these passages.
Here are the titles of the 4 parts of this book.
I.Epidemics
II. The Law of the Few: Connectors, Mavens, and Salesmen
III. The Stickiness Factor
IV. The Power of Context
-- These are important constituents in marketing, but Gladwell speaks of months and years. We both know it's days and hours in 2011.
What was the connection between the East Village and Middle America? The Law of the Few says the answer is that one of these exceptional people found out about the trend, and through social connections and energy and enthusiasm and personality spread the word about Hush Puppies. (p. 22)
-- Social connectedness was an ephemeral measurement in 1999. Now organizations have followers (see Facebook and Twitter) and can measure their daily virility (see the 鈥榣ike鈥� button and most-viewed videos on Youtube) and watch their epidemic spread (see trending topics on technorati or mashable or gizmodo).
It is safe to say that word of mouth is--even in this age of mass communications and multimillion-dollar advertising campaigns--still the most important form of human communication. Think, for a moment, about the last expensive restaurant you went to, the last expensive piece of clothing you bought, and the last movie you saw. In how many of those cases was your decision about where to spend your money heavily influenced by the recommendation of a friend...word-of-mouth appeals have become the only kind of persuasion that most of us respond to anymore. (p. 32)
-- Yes, word of mouth is, indeed, persuasive. But, today we are motivated and persuaded even more by word of text!!!
Your friends...occupy the same world that you do. They might work with you, or live near you, and go to the same churches, schools, or parties. How much, then, would they know that you wouldn鈥檛 know? Your acquaintances, on the other hand, by definition occupy a very different world than you. They are much more likely to know something that you don鈥檛... Acquaintances, in short, represent a source of social power, and the more acquaintances you have the more powerful you are. (p. 54)
-- This is perhaps Gladwell鈥檚 most prophetic statement. I know more people today having never met face to face than actual people I knew in 1999.
Mavens have the knowledge and the social skills to start word-of-mouth epidemics. What sets Mavens apart, though, is not so much what they know but how they pass it along. The fact that Mavens want to help, for no other reason than because they like to help, turns out to be an awfully effective way of getting someone鈥檚 attention. (p. 67)
-- Today Lady Gaga, Kanye West, and Ben Affleck, combined, have more 鈥榝ollowers鈥� than the population of Panama.
We have become, in our society, overwhelmed by people clamoring for our attention. In just the past decade, the time devoted to advertisements in a typical hour of network television has grown from 6 minutes to 9 minutes, and it continues to climb every year...estimates that the average American is now exposed to 254 different commercial messages in a day, up nearly 25% since the mid-1970s. There are now millions of web sites on the Internet, cable systems routinely carry over 50 channels of programming, and a glance inside the magazine section of any bookstore will tell you that there are thousands of magazines coming out each month... (p. 98)
-- Multiply all of the above figures by a factor of 10 to the 2nd power. A rate of growth that cannot be compared by measuring from 1999 back to the existence of Abraham.
The spread of any new and contagious ideology has a lot to do with the skillful use of group power. (p. 172)
-- The skillful use of group power makes me feel violated in today鈥檚 marketing environment.
Look, it鈥檚 not because the writing is poor, the concepts disorganized, or the book fails to instruct. It鈥檚 simply that the ideas are anachronistic. This is no fault of Malcolm Gladwell. He published in 2000, wrote in 鈥�99, and used case studies from the mid-90鈥檚. How could he have known he was publishing a book about social media on the eve of social media鈥檚 inchoate move into our social DeoxyriboNucleicAcid, or that the overgrowth of social connectedness would evolve at rates understated by the term logarithmic.
This is a snappy little book--a good one for Thursday evening book club affairs. I quite liked it. Digestible chapters with jaunty titles, connecting for the reader complex sociocultural beliefs to gravid marketing slogans. Pert discussion, and a context that builds on previous conclusions, leading the audience like an unbridled horse gently to water. Gladwell, he鈥檚 a good salesman, one that can close a deal without hiding a rotten premolar or repeatedly glancing at his wristwatch. It鈥檚 3.5 stars.
Nevertheless, if you鈥檝e fogged a mirror in the last 10 years, much of what Gladwell worked hard to synthesize in year 2000 is merely a matter of course in the mercurial, social, connected life we lead today. Essentially the book is about marketing. (There鈥檚 more herein than marketing, but that鈥檚 what I鈥檇 like to focus on). The title underscores a link throughout the book, viz., that no matter the medium, information reaches a 鈥榯ipping鈥� point beyond which it spreads above and away from any reasonable measure of altitude control. He repeatedly uses the term epidemic, and I like the image that word conjures in my mind when I think of how pervasive and persistent and contagious marketing can be (like the scene in Ten Commandments where the pestilence of God鈥檚 wrath moves down from the moon and like a swampy yellow miasma flows through the streets of Ramses鈥檚 Egypt) . Gladwell lays down some meaty discussion about the 鈥榳hys鈥� and 鈥榳herefore's鈥� of the nature of networked relationships, using sociology, psychology, penal philosophy, genetics, pop culture, economics, archeobiology, and personal interviews.
It鈥檚 a snapshot of a fossil, though. He is in essence describing our world when information was still Near Real Time (NRT), a military acronym meaning 鈥榓ctionable鈥� but not 鈥榚xactable.鈥� We upgraded that acronym circa 2004-2006 when information became--no shit--Real Time. Real Time worldwide data is a phenomena we鈥檝e only recently begun to comprehend and manipulate. Write a discussion about how your start-up can triangulate consumers, and you鈥檒l have a lead story in Harvard Business Review. Develop an android app that geolocates high volume consumers, and Starbucks will give $$credit$$ to the first 10 people that check into their stores in Cleveland, Charlotte, and Chattanooga. Twitter trends topics, not daily, but hourly. Google Metrics displays global boolean traffic on word searches RIGHT NOW. Crowdsourcing, flash mobs, #hashtags. I can set a Google alert that pings me the next time Brittany Spears has an inadvertent bush shot at the Palms Casino. I can scan barcodes on my phone, and know by a factor of pennies where I can get the cheapest sun dried tomatoes. I can listen to any law enforcement scanner in the country while sitting in my tighty-whities in my fall-out basement. Gowalla, Foursquare, StumbleUpon, grooveshark, HTML5, mashable, MMORPGs, skype, 欧宝娱乐. And the every present memes--viral video memes, photo memes--Christ, look at the major news networks during an election and watch the TV anchors in the studio move to the floating, diaphanous plates of glass and enlarge voting counties and predict elections with two-fingered zoom.
Malcolm Gladwell could not have foreseen the breadth and rapidity of tipping points in today鈥檚 market. No one could have--not even industry leaders in year 2000. Tipping points are not isolated events anymore, like the slow resurgence of Hush Puppy shoes from 1994-1996 (the most cited tipping point in the book, and one Gladwell considers--by his own criteria--rapid). They are daily memes, forcing us into ever tighter circles of consumption, and causing many of us to brux our teeth when we lose cell coverage or go to airplane mode on our smart phones. SMART PHONES--a technology by itself that puts the rust on Gladwell鈥檚 conception of tipping points. Despite sound research methodology, and pertinent statistical evaluation, I don鈥檛 envision many people going back to The Tipping Point. It鈥檚 like reading last week鈥檚 headlines; last year鈥檚 Consumer Reports; financial data from 2008; political promises from 2006; real estate values from 2005, or the Manhattan skyline on 10 Sep 2001. Maybe for an anecdotal dissertation by some students squirreled away at Weber State or Lehigh University, but other than that I think most of the 77,000 Goodread reviews of this book occurred much nearer the time it was on the best seller list in 2000-2001. There are 4 copies available at my library. It ain鈥檛 flying off the shelves anymore, and neither is the 1994 Rand McNally Atlas. You dig?
But, wait, let鈥檚 go deeper. I dogeared these passages.
Here are the titles of the 4 parts of this book.
I.Epidemics
II. The Law of the Few: Connectors, Mavens, and Salesmen
III. The Stickiness Factor
IV. The Power of Context
-- These are important constituents in marketing, but Gladwell speaks of months and years. We both know it's days and hours in 2011.
What was the connection between the East Village and Middle America? The Law of the Few says the answer is that one of these exceptional people found out about the trend, and through social connections and energy and enthusiasm and personality spread the word about Hush Puppies. (p. 22)
-- Social connectedness was an ephemeral measurement in 1999. Now organizations have followers (see Facebook and Twitter) and can measure their daily virility (see the 鈥榣ike鈥� button and most-viewed videos on Youtube) and watch their epidemic spread (see trending topics on technorati or mashable or gizmodo).
It is safe to say that word of mouth is--even in this age of mass communications and multimillion-dollar advertising campaigns--still the most important form of human communication. Think, for a moment, about the last expensive restaurant you went to, the last expensive piece of clothing you bought, and the last movie you saw. In how many of those cases was your decision about where to spend your money heavily influenced by the recommendation of a friend...word-of-mouth appeals have become the only kind of persuasion that most of us respond to anymore. (p. 32)
-- Yes, word of mouth is, indeed, persuasive. But, today we are motivated and persuaded even more by word of text!!!
Your friends...occupy the same world that you do. They might work with you, or live near you, and go to the same churches, schools, or parties. How much, then, would they know that you wouldn鈥檛 know? Your acquaintances, on the other hand, by definition occupy a very different world than you. They are much more likely to know something that you don鈥檛... Acquaintances, in short, represent a source of social power, and the more acquaintances you have the more powerful you are. (p. 54)
-- This is perhaps Gladwell鈥檚 most prophetic statement. I know more people today having never met face to face than actual people I knew in 1999.
Mavens have the knowledge and the social skills to start word-of-mouth epidemics. What sets Mavens apart, though, is not so much what they know but how they pass it along. The fact that Mavens want to help, for no other reason than because they like to help, turns out to be an awfully effective way of getting someone鈥檚 attention. (p. 67)
-- Today Lady Gaga, Kanye West, and Ben Affleck, combined, have more 鈥榝ollowers鈥� than the population of Panama.
We have become, in our society, overwhelmed by people clamoring for our attention. In just the past decade, the time devoted to advertisements in a typical hour of network television has grown from 6 minutes to 9 minutes, and it continues to climb every year...estimates that the average American is now exposed to 254 different commercial messages in a day, up nearly 25% since the mid-1970s. There are now millions of web sites on the Internet, cable systems routinely carry over 50 channels of programming, and a glance inside the magazine section of any bookstore will tell you that there are thousands of magazines coming out each month... (p. 98)
-- Multiply all of the above figures by a factor of 10 to the 2nd power. A rate of growth that cannot be compared by measuring from 1999 back to the existence of Abraham.
The spread of any new and contagious ideology has a lot to do with the skillful use of group power. (p. 172)
-- The skillful use of group power makes me feel violated in today鈥檚 marketing environment.
October 21, 2020
The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Malcolm Gladwell
Gladwell defines a tipping point as "the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point". The book seeks to explain and describe the "mysterious" sociological changes that mark everyday life. As Gladwell states: "Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread like viruses do".
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕: 芦賳賯胤賴鈥� 蹖 丕賵噩禄貨 芦鈥嗁傌焚� 卮乇賵毓禄貙 芦賳賯胤賴 毓胤賮禄貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴:鈥€忊€� 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱鈥� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 乇賵夭 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴賮鬲賲 賲丕賴 丌賵乇蹖賱 爻丕賱 2009賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賳賯胤賴鈥屰� 丕賵噩: 趩诏賵賳賴 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖 讴賵趩讴 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 賲蹖鈥屫①佖臂屬嗁嗀� 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 賲丕賱讴賱賲 诏賱丿賵賱貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賳丿丕 卮丕丿賳馗乇貨 鬲賴乇丕賳 丕賮乇丕夭鈥忊€€忊€忊€徹� 1387貨 丿乇 200氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9786005218893貨 賲賵囟賵毓: 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓爻 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 讴丕賳丕丿丕蹖蹖 - 爻丿賴 21賲鈥�
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毓賳賵丕賳: 賳賯胤賴 毓胤賮 : 趩诏賵賳賴 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 讴賵趩讴貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇丕鬲 亘夭乇诏蹖 乇丕 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀� 賳賵賷爻賳丿賴 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱貨鈥� 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賮賴蹖賲賴 賮鬲丨蹖貨 賵蹖乇丕爻鬲丕乇 賳乇诏爻 賲爻丕賵丕鬲貨 鬲賴乇丕賳 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 丌乇丕蹖丕賳鈥忊€� 1397貨 丿乇 311氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9786009879427貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 鈥忊€嗁傌焚� 毓胤賮貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴:鈥€忊€� 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱鈥� 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賮乇蹖亘乇夭 丌匕乇賳蹖丕貨 賵蹖乇丕爻鬲丕乇 賲賴丿蹖 賮乇噩鈥屫з勝囒屫� 鬲賴乇丕賳 乇賵夭亘賴丕賳鈥忊€� 1396貨 丿乇 246 氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9789648175998貨鈥€€�
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鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 29/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
Gladwell defines a tipping point as "the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point". The book seeks to explain and describe the "mysterious" sociological changes that mark everyday life. As Gladwell states: "Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread like viruses do".
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕: 芦賳賯胤賴鈥� 蹖 丕賵噩禄貨 芦鈥嗁傌焚� 卮乇賵毓禄貙 芦賳賯胤賴 毓胤賮禄貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴:鈥€忊€� 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱鈥� 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 乇賵夭 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴賮鬲賲 賲丕賴 丌賵乇蹖賱 爻丕賱 2009賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
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毓賳賵丕賳: 鈥忊€嗁傌焚� 卮乇賵毓: 趩诏賵賳賴 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖 讴賵趩讴 鬲賮丕賵鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 賲丕賱讴賵賱賲 诏賱丕丿賵賱鈥€€忊€� 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲賴丿蹖 賯乇丕趩賴鈥� 丿丕睾蹖貨 鈥忊€┴必€€忊€�: 丿乇 丿丕賳卮 亘賴賲賳鈥€€忊€� 1396貨 丿乇 237氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9789641741886貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 賳賯胤賴 毓胤賮 : 趩诏賵賳賴 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 讴賵趩讴貙 鬲睾蹖蹖乇丕鬲 亘夭乇诏蹖 乇丕 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀� 賳賵賷爻賳丿賴 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱貨鈥� 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賮賴蹖賲賴 賮鬲丨蹖貨 賵蹖乇丕爻鬲丕乇 賳乇诏爻 賲爻丕賵丕鬲貨 鬲賴乇丕賳 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 丌乇丕蹖丕賳鈥忊€� 1397貨 丿乇 311氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9786009879427貨
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讴鬲丕亘 亘丕 賲孬丕賱蹖 丕夭 卮蹖賵毓 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 丌睾丕夭 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賳禺爻鬲 毓丿賴鈥� 蹖 讴賲蹖 賲亘鬲賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 爻倬爻 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 讴賵鬲丕賴蹖 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖 賲賳鬲卮乇 賵 賴賲賴鈥� 诏蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕蹖賳 卮讴賱 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賵 卮丕蹖毓 卮丿賳貙 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 丌賳 亘蹖賲丕乇蹖鈥屬囏� 賳蹖爻鬲貨 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕蹖丿賴鈥� 賴丕貙 乇賮鬲丕乇賴丕 賵 賲丨氐賵賱丕鬲 賴賲 亘賴 賴賲蹖賳诏賵賳賴 丕爻鬲
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 29/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
November 14, 2020
"But a small change is often all that it takes."
There are many schools of thought when it comes to interpreting the reasons behind why somethings 'stick', while others just exist in background. Malcolm Gladwell's own take on this is what The Tipping Point is mostly about. And it sure is interesting.
"Look at the world around you. It may seem like an immovable, implacable place. It is not. With the slightest push - in just the right place - it can be tipped."
This is a relatively short book - compared to some other books on same subject - and attempts to explain the author's three principles with the help of some well known 'social epidemics'. Also, there were some new concepts (at least for me) such as the concept of six degrees of separation (Most of the humans are linked to almost everyone in approximately through 6 'connectors') and rule of 150.
"The subtle circumstances surrounding how we say things may matter more than what we say."
However, for a book that is categorized under philosophy, I found it to be a bit too straight forward, and somewhat repetitive. It's true that examples are there help the reader comprehend better but still, given the principles were a little simple, I believe this could've been shorter. Anyway, the book was interesting and provided some new insights for some of the curious reasons behind what becomes a trend.
"It is the formal features of television - violence, bright lights, loud and funny noises, quick editing cuts, zooming in and out, exaggerated action, and all other other things we associate with commercial TV - that hold out attention. In other words, we don't have to understand what we are looking at, or absorb what we are seeing, in order to keep watching."
There are many schools of thought when it comes to interpreting the reasons behind why somethings 'stick', while others just exist in background. Malcolm Gladwell's own take on this is what The Tipping Point is mostly about. And it sure is interesting.
"Look at the world around you. It may seem like an immovable, implacable place. It is not. With the slightest push - in just the right place - it can be tipped."
This is a relatively short book - compared to some other books on same subject - and attempts to explain the author's three principles with the help of some well known 'social epidemics'. Also, there were some new concepts (at least for me) such as the concept of six degrees of separation (Most of the humans are linked to almost everyone in approximately through 6 'connectors') and rule of 150.
"The subtle circumstances surrounding how we say things may matter more than what we say."
However, for a book that is categorized under philosophy, I found it to be a bit too straight forward, and somewhat repetitive. It's true that examples are there help the reader comprehend better but still, given the principles were a little simple, I believe this could've been shorter. Anyway, the book was interesting and provided some new insights for some of the curious reasons behind what becomes a trend.
"It is the formal features of television - violence, bright lights, loud and funny noises, quick editing cuts, zooming in and out, exaggerated action, and all other other things we associate with commercial TV - that hold out attention. In other words, we don't have to understand what we are looking at, or absorb what we are seeing, in order to keep watching."
January 18, 2009
I wish there was another word I could use instead of sexy. I mean it metaphorically, obviously, but I want to tell you about the thing that I find to be the most sexy thing imaginable 鈥� and I鈥檝e realised that sexy isn鈥檛 really the word I should be using at all. You realise, of course, I鈥檓 talking about intellectually stimulating or satisfying when I say sexy. That is what I want to talk about 鈥� the thing that gives me my biggest intellectual buzz.
Look, it isn鈥檛 any of the obvious things you might be thinking of 鈥� and all of those obvious things this book has in abundance. Not that I actually read this book 鈥� I listened to it as an audio book, and that is important to say because I don鈥檛 know if the book always has the afterword 鈥� and it is something in the afterword that I loved most about this otherwise merely wonderful book. (As you may have guessed, we will be returning to this later)
What I鈥檓 saying is that Gladwell is a sexy kind of guy anyway, even before he did the best of all possible things in the afterword of this book. He is what I like to call an interpreter. I think he even refers to himself as this somewhere. He straddles a number of worlds 鈥� psychology, medicine, marketing, social theory, economics 鈥� and he draws lines between those worlds in the way one might if one was to place a piece of plastic film over another piece of plastic film on an overhead projector, so that what is written on both films of plastic merge to 鈥榗omplete the picture鈥� in beautifully interesting ways. Now, that is sexy 鈥� but it is only level one sexy. I love watching relationships and patterns appear and I love a good story and Gladwell knows his stuff when it comes to patterns and he really knows how to tell a good story. Don鈥檛 get me wrong, there is nothing the matter with level one sexy 鈥� but it is intellectual foreplay and needs something more to be truly satisfying.
One of the things this book is about is trends. How do trends start? What makes it fashionable for kids to start smoking? Why do books by unknown authors suddenly become best sellers? How is it that two people can do much the same thing (and he gives a fascinating example from American History to explain this) and yet have completely different (in fact, nearly opposite) results?
Or why did Hush Puppies, a brand of shoes that had virtually died, suddenly become 鈥� in the lingo of the streets 鈥� uber-cool? (Yes, I know, 鈥榙on鈥檛 try being cool, McCandless, it really doesn鈥檛 suit鈥�.)
Essentially, he talks about a small number of personality types that exist in the world that kick trends along, and these types of people help make 鈥榯he virus of the latest thing鈥� spread to us all. Those types of people are, communicators (people who know essentially everyone), mavens (people who know essentially everything) and salesmen. Sometimes we think that if we want to spread an idea far and wide we should find a way to get it to as many people as possible 鈥� much like spam. But when was the last time you bought something recommended to you from a piece of spam you received in your inbox? See what I mean. But I guess most of us know some car nut we go to when we are thinking of buying a car, someone who reads all the car magazines and (maybe) even spends his (it is always a boy) weekends 鈥榯est driving鈥� the latest models. This is the sort of person who can not only tell you the difference between an overhead cam-shaft and polyunsaturated margarine, but also why the cam-shaft is better than butter. (In case you have not quite worked it out yet, I am not one of those mavens)
In a world awash with 鈥榠nformation鈥� 鈥� much of which is lies (although it is probably best we call it by its more polite name, advertising) 鈥� we are becoming, ironically enough, more dependent on word of mouth information from sources we know we can trust. Now, isn鈥檛 that a wonderful thesis and a direct confirmation of what you probably already suspected, but hadn鈥檛 put into words yet. I guess this might be the second level of intellectual sexy.
The next level towards intellectual nirvana is when someone says something totally unexpected that makes my brains resonate in a way that I know will have me thinking for weeks. And he did that this morning as I was walking back from the beach by talking about collective memory. This is penultimate in the scale of intellectual sexy 鈥� I knew when he said this that what he was saying was going to end up in my review.
They did a test on people, they put people through a series of remembering tasks 鈥� and they gave them these tests in pairs. Some of the pairs were people who didn鈥檛 know each other from a bar of soap 鈥� and the others were people who were literally couples, people in relationships. And the result? Well, the people in the relationships did lots and lots better at remembering stuff than the people that the fickle hand of fate flung together.
Isn鈥檛 that fascinating? Doesn鈥檛 that send a shiver down your spine? But it gets better. He then goes on to talk about why this might be the case 鈥� and essentially he claims that we use our partners as a memory extension slot for our own brains. In a relationship there is a division of labour when it comes to remembering stuff 鈥� with one partner remembering the kids鈥� birthdays and the other remembering how to use the ice cream maker.
And now comes the bucket of ice water that made me stop on my walk and think, 鈥淕od, now, isn鈥檛 that really, really interesting鈥�. Part of the reason people fall into a deep depression when they go through a divorce (and I thought, perhaps even die shortly after their 鈥榣ife partner鈥檇ies) may not just be that their partner has metaphorically taken away a part of their heart, but literally taken away a part of their brain. It is that line from Laurie Anderson about when her father died how she felt like a library had burnt down (I think from The Ugly One with Jewels, just before Speak My Language, but I could be wrong).
But do you know what is the sexiest thing about this book? And the reason why you should avoid a first edition and get an edition with the afterword? It is that after he has built a pretty good case for something, made a rather good comparison that he uses to sustain the last bit of the book, after he has finished writing the book, after it is printed and 鈥榙one and dusted鈥�, he thinks about it some more and makes a couple of major revisions to some of his thinking in the afterword that goes in a later edition. It is utterly clear to me that if he had the chance to write this book again he would do it differently. Essentially, the afterword is showing us how he would have made it different. He is showing that no idea is ever finished with, no idea can be finally put aside as a shining trophy, only to gather dust and bird shit, but ideas are only worthy of that name if they are alive and alive things change and grow or sometimes they sicken and die.
And someone who does that, that goes away and thinks about it even after it is done and finished with and then comes back and says, 鈥淎ctually, I could have done that a bit better, let me see if I can just say it this way鈥︹€� Now, that is sexy 鈥� that is the best. This book is not nearly as good as Outliers, and I only read this book because I read that book. But do you know what? This book is good enough that if I鈥檇 read this book first I would have gone on read that book too.
Look, it isn鈥檛 any of the obvious things you might be thinking of 鈥� and all of those obvious things this book has in abundance. Not that I actually read this book 鈥� I listened to it as an audio book, and that is important to say because I don鈥檛 know if the book always has the afterword 鈥� and it is something in the afterword that I loved most about this otherwise merely wonderful book. (As you may have guessed, we will be returning to this later)
What I鈥檓 saying is that Gladwell is a sexy kind of guy anyway, even before he did the best of all possible things in the afterword of this book. He is what I like to call an interpreter. I think he even refers to himself as this somewhere. He straddles a number of worlds 鈥� psychology, medicine, marketing, social theory, economics 鈥� and he draws lines between those worlds in the way one might if one was to place a piece of plastic film over another piece of plastic film on an overhead projector, so that what is written on both films of plastic merge to 鈥榗omplete the picture鈥� in beautifully interesting ways. Now, that is sexy 鈥� but it is only level one sexy. I love watching relationships and patterns appear and I love a good story and Gladwell knows his stuff when it comes to patterns and he really knows how to tell a good story. Don鈥檛 get me wrong, there is nothing the matter with level one sexy 鈥� but it is intellectual foreplay and needs something more to be truly satisfying.
One of the things this book is about is trends. How do trends start? What makes it fashionable for kids to start smoking? Why do books by unknown authors suddenly become best sellers? How is it that two people can do much the same thing (and he gives a fascinating example from American History to explain this) and yet have completely different (in fact, nearly opposite) results?
Or why did Hush Puppies, a brand of shoes that had virtually died, suddenly become 鈥� in the lingo of the streets 鈥� uber-cool? (Yes, I know, 鈥榙on鈥檛 try being cool, McCandless, it really doesn鈥檛 suit鈥�.)
Essentially, he talks about a small number of personality types that exist in the world that kick trends along, and these types of people help make 鈥榯he virus of the latest thing鈥� spread to us all. Those types of people are, communicators (people who know essentially everyone), mavens (people who know essentially everything) and salesmen. Sometimes we think that if we want to spread an idea far and wide we should find a way to get it to as many people as possible 鈥� much like spam. But when was the last time you bought something recommended to you from a piece of spam you received in your inbox? See what I mean. But I guess most of us know some car nut we go to when we are thinking of buying a car, someone who reads all the car magazines and (maybe) even spends his (it is always a boy) weekends 鈥榯est driving鈥� the latest models. This is the sort of person who can not only tell you the difference between an overhead cam-shaft and polyunsaturated margarine, but also why the cam-shaft is better than butter. (In case you have not quite worked it out yet, I am not one of those mavens)
In a world awash with 鈥榠nformation鈥� 鈥� much of which is lies (although it is probably best we call it by its more polite name, advertising) 鈥� we are becoming, ironically enough, more dependent on word of mouth information from sources we know we can trust. Now, isn鈥檛 that a wonderful thesis and a direct confirmation of what you probably already suspected, but hadn鈥檛 put into words yet. I guess this might be the second level of intellectual sexy.
The next level towards intellectual nirvana is when someone says something totally unexpected that makes my brains resonate in a way that I know will have me thinking for weeks. And he did that this morning as I was walking back from the beach by talking about collective memory. This is penultimate in the scale of intellectual sexy 鈥� I knew when he said this that what he was saying was going to end up in my review.
They did a test on people, they put people through a series of remembering tasks 鈥� and they gave them these tests in pairs. Some of the pairs were people who didn鈥檛 know each other from a bar of soap 鈥� and the others were people who were literally couples, people in relationships. And the result? Well, the people in the relationships did lots and lots better at remembering stuff than the people that the fickle hand of fate flung together.
Isn鈥檛 that fascinating? Doesn鈥檛 that send a shiver down your spine? But it gets better. He then goes on to talk about why this might be the case 鈥� and essentially he claims that we use our partners as a memory extension slot for our own brains. In a relationship there is a division of labour when it comes to remembering stuff 鈥� with one partner remembering the kids鈥� birthdays and the other remembering how to use the ice cream maker.
And now comes the bucket of ice water that made me stop on my walk and think, 鈥淕od, now, isn鈥檛 that really, really interesting鈥�. Part of the reason people fall into a deep depression when they go through a divorce (and I thought, perhaps even die shortly after their 鈥榣ife partner鈥檇ies) may not just be that their partner has metaphorically taken away a part of their heart, but literally taken away a part of their brain. It is that line from Laurie Anderson about when her father died how she felt like a library had burnt down (I think from The Ugly One with Jewels, just before Speak My Language, but I could be wrong).
But do you know what is the sexiest thing about this book? And the reason why you should avoid a first edition and get an edition with the afterword? It is that after he has built a pretty good case for something, made a rather good comparison that he uses to sustain the last bit of the book, after he has finished writing the book, after it is printed and 鈥榙one and dusted鈥�, he thinks about it some more and makes a couple of major revisions to some of his thinking in the afterword that goes in a later edition. It is utterly clear to me that if he had the chance to write this book again he would do it differently. Essentially, the afterword is showing us how he would have made it different. He is showing that no idea is ever finished with, no idea can be finally put aside as a shining trophy, only to gather dust and bird shit, but ideas are only worthy of that name if they are alive and alive things change and grow or sometimes they sicken and die.
And someone who does that, that goes away and thinks about it even after it is done and finished with and then comes back and says, 鈥淎ctually, I could have done that a bit better, let me see if I can just say it this way鈥︹€� Now, that is sexy 鈥� that is the best. This book is not nearly as good as Outliers, and I only read this book because I read that book. But do you know what? This book is good enough that if I鈥檇 read this book first I would have gone on read that book too.
March 18, 2023
The biography of a very simple idea
The back cover marketing blurb describes it very simply.
鈥�THE TIPPING POINT is that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire.鈥�
The introduction covers that summary in slightly greater detail,
鈥淚t is the best way to understand the emergence of fashion trends, the ebb and flow of crime waves, or, for that matter, the transformation of unknown books into bestsellers, or the rise of teenage smoking, or the phenomena of word of mouth, 鈥� Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread just like viruses do.鈥�
Teachers, advertising executives, business owners, politicians, social workers, authors and the like would do very well to read Malcolm Gladwell鈥檚 brilliant musings concerning the characteristics of 鈥渆pidemic鈥� style societal change 鈥� contagiousness; little causes can have enormous effects; and change happens, not gradually, but a single dramatic moments. I鈥檓 not sure that I learned anything that would affect my personal life or cause me to change my behaviour in any way but there is no question that I did learn stuff and I also enjoyed the ride.
Indeed, there is every likelihood that if I had read THE TIPPING POINT as a young man, I would almost certainly have added Psychology as an elective to my university course list. It鈥檚 compelling, convincing and astonishingly interesting. BLINK, another of Malcolm Gladwell鈥檚 work, was just as amazing and I鈥檒l look forward eagerly to trying more. OUTLIERS and TALKING TO STRANGERS come to mind as top of the list candidates.
(On a related note, I'm wondering, given the world's current overwhelming concern with Coronavirus pandemic, if any public health officials have given thought to applying Gladwell's ideas to the intractable problem of persuading blockheaded American anti-vaxxers to change their minds??)
Paul Weiss
The back cover marketing blurb describes it very simply.
鈥�THE TIPPING POINT is that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire.鈥�
The introduction covers that summary in slightly greater detail,
鈥淚t is the best way to understand the emergence of fashion trends, the ebb and flow of crime waves, or, for that matter, the transformation of unknown books into bestsellers, or the rise of teenage smoking, or the phenomena of word of mouth, 鈥� Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread just like viruses do.鈥�
Teachers, advertising executives, business owners, politicians, social workers, authors and the like would do very well to read Malcolm Gladwell鈥檚 brilliant musings concerning the characteristics of 鈥渆pidemic鈥� style societal change 鈥� contagiousness; little causes can have enormous effects; and change happens, not gradually, but a single dramatic moments. I鈥檓 not sure that I learned anything that would affect my personal life or cause me to change my behaviour in any way but there is no question that I did learn stuff and I also enjoyed the ride.
Indeed, there is every likelihood that if I had read THE TIPPING POINT as a young man, I would almost certainly have added Psychology as an elective to my university course list. It鈥檚 compelling, convincing and astonishingly interesting. BLINK, another of Malcolm Gladwell鈥檚 work, was just as amazing and I鈥檒l look forward eagerly to trying more. OUTLIERS and TALKING TO STRANGERS come to mind as top of the list candidates.
(On a related note, I'm wondering, given the world's current overwhelming concern with Coronavirus pandemic, if any public health officials have given thought to applying Gladwell's ideas to the intractable problem of persuading blockheaded American anti-vaxxers to change their minds??)
Paul Weiss
August 12, 2013
The book that became a catchphrase! The term "tipping point" has become so commonly used in news stories that I wonder how many people know it came from a book.
I read this back in 2000 when I was in grad school for sociology. It's a fun little book of case studies, many of which applied to what I was learning in my classes. Here it is 13 years later and I can still recall many of the details and theories, which shows how interesting I thought they were.
Gladwell, who writes for The New Yorker, has a skill of weaving different elements and stories together into an enjoyable narrative. The gist of the book is how information spreads among people -- why do some ideas/products spread quickly and effectively, but others don't? Are there kinds of people who are better at transmitting information? (Hint: Yes, there are.)
Some of the stories I remember best are about how "Sesame Street" was founded and its impact on literacy (it's surprisingly high!); how to reduce the spread of HIV among drug addicts; how the size of an office can enhance the feeling of community among its workers; how suicide can become more widespread in a region if someone of high stature commits it; and how crime can rise and fall in a city.
But perhaps the most salient concept I still use is about connectors vs. mavens. A connector is someone who knows lots and lots of people. They are extroverts and are good at making casual acquaintances wherever they go. In contrast, a maven is a Yiddish term that means one who accumulates knowledge. These are people who gain the respect of friends and colleagues for giving good advice, so when they recommend something, the advice is usually followed. (For example, as a librarian I try to be a maven of good books.)
Advertisers are interested in mavens because their opinions carry weight. Gladwell gives several examples of the differences between connectors and mavens, the main one being that the advice of a connector is not always taken even though he/she may give it to more people (because they know more people), but almost everyone follows the advice of a maven, even though they may give it to fewer people. So a maven might have more of an impact on spreading an idea.
It would be interesting to reread this book now to see how it holds up, because many of these ideas seem to have become part of the cultural zeitgeist. I think I would still recommend it to anyone interested in some pop sociology.
I read this back in 2000 when I was in grad school for sociology. It's a fun little book of case studies, many of which applied to what I was learning in my classes. Here it is 13 years later and I can still recall many of the details and theories, which shows how interesting I thought they were.
Gladwell, who writes for The New Yorker, has a skill of weaving different elements and stories together into an enjoyable narrative. The gist of the book is how information spreads among people -- why do some ideas/products spread quickly and effectively, but others don't? Are there kinds of people who are better at transmitting information? (Hint: Yes, there are.)
Some of the stories I remember best are about how "Sesame Street" was founded and its impact on literacy (it's surprisingly high!); how to reduce the spread of HIV among drug addicts; how the size of an office can enhance the feeling of community among its workers; how suicide can become more widespread in a region if someone of high stature commits it; and how crime can rise and fall in a city.
But perhaps the most salient concept I still use is about connectors vs. mavens. A connector is someone who knows lots and lots of people. They are extroverts and are good at making casual acquaintances wherever they go. In contrast, a maven is a Yiddish term that means one who accumulates knowledge. These are people who gain the respect of friends and colleagues for giving good advice, so when they recommend something, the advice is usually followed. (For example, as a librarian I try to be a maven of good books.)
Advertisers are interested in mavens because their opinions carry weight. Gladwell gives several examples of the differences between connectors and mavens, the main one being that the advice of a connector is not always taken even though he/she may give it to more people (because they know more people), but almost everyone follows the advice of a maven, even though they may give it to fewer people. So a maven might have more of an impact on spreading an idea.
It would be interesting to reread this book now to see how it holds up, because many of these ideas seem to have become part of the cultural zeitgeist. I think I would still recommend it to anyone interested in some pop sociology.
February 9, 2021
讴鬲丕亘 毓丕賱蹖 丕蹖 亘賵丿貙 丕賵賱卮 蹖讴賲 爻乇丿 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖卮賴 賵 賲賵囟賵毓卮 鬲讴乇丕乇蹖 亘賳馗乇 賲蹖丕丿 賵賱蹖 鬲賵 亘禺卮 the law of the few 丕賵噩 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴. 賲賮丕賴蹖賲 connector 賵 maven 賵 salesman 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 噩丕賱亘 賵 讴丕乇亘乇丿蹖 亘賵丿 賲禺氐賵氐丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘賴 亘蹖夭蹖賳爻 賵 乇賵丕賳 卮賳丕爻蹖 毓賱丕賯賴 丿丕乇賳. 鬲賵蹖 亘禺卮 the stickness factor 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賲賵囟賵毓 噩丕賱亘賴 賵賱蹖 亘丕夭 蹖讴賲 賲毓賲賵賱蹖 賲蹖卮賴 賵 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖卮賴 讴賴 賱夭賵賲蹖 賳丿丕乇賴 賵賱蹖 丿賵亘丕乇賴 鬲賵 亘禺卮 power of context 丕賵噩 賲蹖诏蹖乇賴. 丿賵 賮氐賱 乇丕噩亘 context 賴爻鬲 讴賴 賴賲 賮賵丕蹖丿 讴丕乇蹖 賴賲 賮賵丕蹖丿 賮乇丿蹖 賵 卮禺氐蹖 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 亘乇丕鬲賵賳 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴. 丿乇 讴賱 亘爻蹖丕乇 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賲 丕夭 禺賵賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 诏乇趩賴 賴賳賵夭 outliers 鬲賵 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕蹖 诏賱丿賵賱 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳賴 亘賳馗乇賲. 賵丕爻賴 讴鬲丕亘 亘毓丿蹖 爻乇丕睾 David and Goliath 賲蹖乇賲 賵 亘毓丿 丕夭賵賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 讴丕賲賱 乇丕噩亘 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕蹖 诏賱丿賵賱 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲
September 21, 2007
In a work heavily influenced by the budding science of memetics (though he never once uses the word meme), Malcom Gladwell seeks to provide a framework for explaining why certain isolated phenomena (suicide in Micronesia, wearing hush puppies, reading a particular novel) can suddenly become widespread and why situations can suddenly swing from one extreme (rampant crime in 80s NYC) to another (the huge drop in crime in that same city during the 90s). Gladwell postulates three mechanisms of cultural epidemiology, the axioms of the law of the few, the stickiness factor and the power of context. The law of the few declares that change is often initiated by a small group of people (three different types) with an ever-widening pyramid of influence. Making up the first type are the connectors, basically human nexuses whose webs of important acquaintances (note that these are not friends) spread out in logarithmic vertigos of extension (e.g., Revere鈥檚 鈥渢he British are coming鈥� spread more quickly than that of William Dawes because of the many people Revere knew in the towns he visited).
Another group mentioned in the law of the few are mavens, whom we could term data strategists, their almost hobby-like information-gathering not just carried out to further their own interests, but to assist a broader sphere of people. The final set of individuals counted among the few are the salesmen, persuasive communicators whose instinctual ability to adapt the non-verbal cues of others and infect them with emotion is key to effecting wide-sweeping change.
The second axiom in Gladwell鈥檚 informal theory is stickiness: the impact of the vector on the host, i.e., an idea or product must be memorable in order to spread; otherwise, it will not be embraced by the people in the connector's network. As a result, marketers must constantly devise ways to present products so that they are memorable. Of course, there is no ready-made science of what makes something catchy. However, the effectiveness of a product or idea鈥檚 packaging can be tested and tweaked, as Gladwell demonstrates in his discussion of how the creators of Sesame Street and Blue鈥檚 Clues try to ensure that children remember their message (in other words, learn the concept being taught).
The final factor leading toward the tipping point is the power of context. This area is less well defined by Gladwell, and he unfortunately seems to be trying to herd together a host of disparate considerations under a single, handy rubric. The basic concept is that human behavior is strongly influenced by external variables of context. For example, "zero tolerance" efforts to combat minor crimes such as fare-beating and vandalism on the New York subway led to a decline in more violent crimes; the perception of increased vigilance altered the behavior and attitudes of the passengers. This theory of broken windows is well-known in sociology: attention to small details, reparation of seemingly unimportant (when looking at the big picture) problems, can engender massive change in a larger system (this is sort of the butterfly effect of sociology).
On the whole, however, Gladwell has made an admirable foray into the construction of a theoretical model of memetic transmission and epidemiology. Building upon his layman鈥檚 approach, scientists specializing in cultural transmission might now begin testing his specific claims with an eye toward developing such a model.
Another group mentioned in the law of the few are mavens, whom we could term data strategists, their almost hobby-like information-gathering not just carried out to further their own interests, but to assist a broader sphere of people. The final set of individuals counted among the few are the salesmen, persuasive communicators whose instinctual ability to adapt the non-verbal cues of others and infect them with emotion is key to effecting wide-sweeping change.
The second axiom in Gladwell鈥檚 informal theory is stickiness: the impact of the vector on the host, i.e., an idea or product must be memorable in order to spread; otherwise, it will not be embraced by the people in the connector's network. As a result, marketers must constantly devise ways to present products so that they are memorable. Of course, there is no ready-made science of what makes something catchy. However, the effectiveness of a product or idea鈥檚 packaging can be tested and tweaked, as Gladwell demonstrates in his discussion of how the creators of Sesame Street and Blue鈥檚 Clues try to ensure that children remember their message (in other words, learn the concept being taught).
The final factor leading toward the tipping point is the power of context. This area is less well defined by Gladwell, and he unfortunately seems to be trying to herd together a host of disparate considerations under a single, handy rubric. The basic concept is that human behavior is strongly influenced by external variables of context. For example, "zero tolerance" efforts to combat minor crimes such as fare-beating and vandalism on the New York subway led to a decline in more violent crimes; the perception of increased vigilance altered the behavior and attitudes of the passengers. This theory of broken windows is well-known in sociology: attention to small details, reparation of seemingly unimportant (when looking at the big picture) problems, can engender massive change in a larger system (this is sort of the butterfly effect of sociology).
On the whole, however, Gladwell has made an admirable foray into the construction of a theoretical model of memetic transmission and epidemiology. Building upon his layman鈥檚 approach, scientists specializing in cultural transmission might now begin testing his specific claims with an eye toward developing such a model.
July 17, 2013
Holy suppositions, Gladwell! There's a whole lotta coulds, may haves, apparentlies, perhapses up in here!
Malcolm Gladwell's basic premise in The Tipping Point: To explain how word-of-mouth is spread.
A couple of the examples he used were how crime was reduced in NYC under Giuliani's reign and how an old, dead-in-the-water brand of shoes seemingly suddenly were selling like hotcakes. But honestly, my favorite bit was the section on Sesame Street.
It's interesting stuff, no doubt with some truth to it, hell maybe even all of it, but it seemed like every hypothesis put forth was followed by misrepresentation of studies. Scientists were quoted as saying that possibly their study pointed towards such-and-such a conclusion, and then Gladwell took it and ran with it. That's not the case through out the book, but even if it only happens once, it casts doubt on the whole freaking thing.
There were times I hated this and times I actually enjoyed it. In fact, I enjoyed it more than I thought I would, more than I wanted to. For you see, this is the sort of thing feasted upon by ladder-climbing, power-lunchers, who want to put Gladwell's theories into practice for the purposes of creating their own wildfire word-of-mouth epidemic in the exalted name of the great and almighty greenback. That sort of greed, rising above the heads of most of humanity to serve the bloodsucking desires of one, is repellent.
I guess I'm one of the few who didn't read this about 10 years or more back. I resisted for a while, but succumbed to peer pressure and misrepresentation of the book's content. Regardless, here I am. I've read it and probably you have too. So I ask you, is this shit or is it genius? After all, this stupid little book managed to put its theories into practice and the damn thing blew up like nobody's business.
Malcolm Gladwell's basic premise in The Tipping Point: To explain how word-of-mouth is spread.
A couple of the examples he used were how crime was reduced in NYC under Giuliani's reign and how an old, dead-in-the-water brand of shoes seemingly suddenly were selling like hotcakes. But honestly, my favorite bit was the section on Sesame Street.
It's interesting stuff, no doubt with some truth to it, hell maybe even all of it, but it seemed like every hypothesis put forth was followed by misrepresentation of studies. Scientists were quoted as saying that possibly their study pointed towards such-and-such a conclusion, and then Gladwell took it and ran with it. That's not the case through out the book, but even if it only happens once, it casts doubt on the whole freaking thing.
There were times I hated this and times I actually enjoyed it. In fact, I enjoyed it more than I thought I would, more than I wanted to. For you see, this is the sort of thing feasted upon by ladder-climbing, power-lunchers, who want to put Gladwell's theories into practice for the purposes of creating their own wildfire word-of-mouth epidemic in the exalted name of the great and almighty greenback. That sort of greed, rising above the heads of most of humanity to serve the bloodsucking desires of one, is repellent.
I guess I'm one of the few who didn't read this about 10 years or more back. I resisted for a while, but succumbed to peer pressure and misrepresentation of the book's content. Regardless, here I am. I've read it and probably you have too. So I ask you, is this shit or is it genius? After all, this stupid little book managed to put its theories into practice and the damn thing blew up like nobody's business.
August 26, 2022
This was a reread for me (15 years later) and it was interesting how my perspective on the information shifted somewhat. I didn't love the chapter about Goetz and NYC because I felt only certain factors were looked at in assessing the why's of what happened and the later clean up by the police. I felt only the factor of increased policing was looked at for the change in crime and not other farther reaching factors such as poverty, programs, and investments into communities. However the rest of the book stood about the same. Still a great read and food for thought!
May 20, 2015
Malcolm Gladwell has written five books, all of which have been on the New York Times bestseller list. He is extremely readable.
This now-famous book is about popular ideas and products, and how they spread through society. Starting off small at first, they slowly gather momentum until they reach a 'tipping point', where they take off and become fantastically popular. This book is all about the mechanics of how this happens, and the different types of people and businesses enabling the process.
The best bits for me? The illustration of how we are all incredibly different - how some people are freakishly sociable, others are freakishly knowing, informative and knowledgeable, whilst others have the charisma to sell you anything. Given Gladwell's clear examples I was easily able to slot a couple of my friends into these categories, and therefore relate to the ideas he was describing. These are the movers and shakers - the people who make things happen.
He uses a wide range of phenomena to illustrate the idea of social epidemics - the rise to popularity of Hush Puppy shoes, a sudden decline of crime in New York, the success of the children's programmes Sesame Street and Blue Clues, the cleaning up of the New York subway, the spread of new corn seed in Iowa in the 1930s, an increase of suicides in the South Pacific islands of Micronesia, plus the reasons why smoking has drastically increased amongst teenagers in the US, despite strenuous efforts to discourage it. I was impressed by the wide range of his examples.
My one criticism is that it was all rather predictable. The relationship between causes and effects were often ones I had heard before, or that I had worked out for myself. Unlike the book I didn't feel that I was being exposed to some really original ideas behind society's statistics.
Still - an interesting read by an excellent writer. It clarified several concepts I already had, and made them a lot less woolly.
This now-famous book is about popular ideas and products, and how they spread through society. Starting off small at first, they slowly gather momentum until they reach a 'tipping point', where they take off and become fantastically popular. This book is all about the mechanics of how this happens, and the different types of people and businesses enabling the process.
The best bits for me? The illustration of how we are all incredibly different - how some people are freakishly sociable, others are freakishly knowing, informative and knowledgeable, whilst others have the charisma to sell you anything. Given Gladwell's clear examples I was easily able to slot a couple of my friends into these categories, and therefore relate to the ideas he was describing. These are the movers and shakers - the people who make things happen.
He uses a wide range of phenomena to illustrate the idea of social epidemics - the rise to popularity of Hush Puppy shoes, a sudden decline of crime in New York, the success of the children's programmes Sesame Street and Blue Clues, the cleaning up of the New York subway, the spread of new corn seed in Iowa in the 1930s, an increase of suicides in the South Pacific islands of Micronesia, plus the reasons why smoking has drastically increased amongst teenagers in the US, despite strenuous efforts to discourage it. I was impressed by the wide range of his examples.
My one criticism is that it was all rather predictable. The relationship between causes and effects were often ones I had heard before, or that I had worked out for myself. Unlike the book I didn't feel that I was being exposed to some really original ideas behind society's statistics.
Still - an interesting read by an excellent writer. It clarified several concepts I already had, and made them a lot less woolly.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
November 18, 2024
丕丨亘 賯乇丕亍丞 賲孬賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賰鬲亘 賮賴賷 鬲噩毓賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賷賱鬲賮鬲 賱兀卮賷丕亍 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鬲孬賷乇 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賴 賲賳 賯亘賱貙 賵賷賮爻乇 丕賱兀賲賵乇 亘卮賰賱 賲禺鬲賱賮貙 賵鬲鬲睾賷乇 賳馗乇鬲賴 賰孬賷乇丕 丨鬲賶 賮賷 丨賷丕鬲賴 丕賱毓丕丿賷丞.
賰賷賮 賷賲賰賳 賱爻賱賵賰 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷貙 兀賵 賮賰乇丞 賲毓賷賳丞貙 兀賳 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 夭賲賳賷丞 賯氐賷乇丞 賮噩兀丞 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 爻丕亘賯 廿賳匕丕乇 賱鬲鬲丨賵賱 廿賱賶听毓丿賵賶.
賴賱 賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱丕賲乇 廿賱賶 噩賴賵丿 賲囟賳賷丞 丕賲 兀賳賴 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 亘毓囟 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賯丿 鬲亘丿賵 亘爻賷胤丞 賮賷 馗丕賴乇 丕賱兀賲乇.
賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲賮爻賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賲卮賵賯 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 丕賱噩匕丕亘丞 賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞.
丕賱賯賵丕毓丿 丕賱孬賱丕孬 賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱
賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞
毓丕賲賱 丕賱丕賱鬲氐丕賯
賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯
賷賯賵賱 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞 廿賳 賴賳丕賰 毓丕賲賱丕 兀爻丕爻賷丕 賮賷 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 賵賴賵 胤亘賷毓丞 亘丕毓孬 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞
賮丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱賵亘丕亍 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賵噩賵丿 丕卮禺丕氐 匕賵賷 氐賮丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞貨
丕賱賲賵氐賱賵賳: 丕賱匕賷賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐.
丕氐丨丕亘 丕賱禺亘乇丞: 賲賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵賷乇賷丿賵賳 賳賯賱賴丕 廿賱賶 睾賷乇賴賲.
丕賱亘丕卅毓賵賳: 賲賳 賷賲鬲賱賰賵賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓.
毓丕賲賱 丕賱丕賱鬲氐丕賯:
丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕 鬲毓賱賯 亘丕賱匕賴賳.
賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯:
賷賲賰賳 賱毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 賳爻亘賷丕 兀賳 鬲丐孬乇 亘卮丿丞 毓賱賶 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲氐乇賮賳丕 賵賰賷賳賵賳鬲賳丕.
賴賳丕賰 丕賵囟丕毓 賲毓賷賳丞 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱胤睾賷丕賳 毓賱賶 賲賷賵賱賳丕 丕賱賮胤乇賷丞貙 賵丕賱兀爻丕爻 賴賵 丕賱馗乇賮 丕賵 丕賱爻賷丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賷胤 亘丕賱兀賲乇.
賰賷賮 賷賲賰賳 賱爻賱賵賰 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷貙 兀賵 賮賰乇丞 賲毓賷賳丞貙 兀賳 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 夭賲賳賷丞 賯氐賷乇丞 賮噩兀丞 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 爻丕亘賯 廿賳匕丕乇 賱鬲鬲丨賵賱 廿賱賶听毓丿賵賶.
賴賱 賷丨鬲丕噩 丕賱丕賲乇 廿賱賶 噩賴賵丿 賲囟賳賷丞 丕賲 兀賳賴 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 亘毓囟 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賯丿 鬲亘丿賵 亘爻賷胤丞 賮賷 馗丕賴乇 丕賱兀賲乇.
賷丨丕賵賱 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 鬲賮爻賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱兀賲乇 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賲卮賵賯 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 丕賱噩匕丕亘丞 賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞.
丕賱賯賵丕毓丿 丕賱孬賱丕孬 賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱
賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞
毓丕賲賱 丕賱丕賱鬲氐丕賯
賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯
賷賯賵賱 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞 廿賳 賴賳丕賰 毓丕賲賱丕 兀爻丕爻賷丕 賮賷 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 賵賴賵 胤亘賷毓丞 亘丕毓孬 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞
賮丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱賵亘丕亍 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 賵噩賵丿 丕卮禺丕氐 匕賵賷 氐賮丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞貨
丕賱賲賵氐賱賵賳: 丕賱匕賷賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀卮禺丕氐.
丕氐丨丕亘 丕賱禺亘乇丞: 賲賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵賷乇賷丿賵賳 賳賯賱賴丕 廿賱賶 睾賷乇賴賲.
丕賱亘丕卅毓賵賳: 賲賳 賷賲鬲賱賰賵賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓.
毓丕賲賱 丕賱丕賱鬲氐丕賯:
丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕 鬲毓賱賯 亘丕賱匕賴賳.
賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯:
賷賲賰賳 賱毓丿丿 賲賳 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱亘爻賷胤丞 賳爻亘賷丕 兀賳 鬲丐孬乇 亘卮丿丞 毓賱賶 胤乇賷賯丞 鬲氐乇賮賳丕 賵賰賷賳賵賳鬲賳丕.
賴賳丕賰 丕賵囟丕毓 賲毓賷賳丞 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱胤睾賷丕賳 毓賱賶 賲賷賵賱賳丕 丕賱賮胤乇賷丞貙 賵丕賱兀爻丕爻 賴賵 丕賱馗乇賮 丕賵 丕賱爻賷丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷丨賷胤 亘丕賱兀賲乇.
March 11, 2025
To understand "The Tipping Point," one must understand what led to its creation: In the year 2000 A.D. (Anal Dominos), there were 5.5 billion people living on the planet Earth. Many of them were considered human beings, but a few were thought to be celery. The difference between the two categories bewildered the top dog breeders of the day.
To help us think more deeply about the consequences of the problem, consider the following fact: If you were born after 1975 and tried to ride a bicycle from Iceland to Darfur, the chances of colliding with a British nanny increased 13% based on the number of Blossom reruns you watched as a child. Whether or not your parents are divorced is immaterial, as is the amount of padding in your seat. Social Scientists had a term for this late 20th century phenomenon: "Whoa!"
Meanwhile, in Canada (if that's your real name), a young, mild-mannered boy named Malcolm recognized the unique power of combining individual letters into meaning-units called 鈥渨ords.鈥�
He quit his job making ice sculptures out of rusted fenders and moved south of the border to America (the nation, not the toy store).
His timing was impeccable. At the end of the 90s, America had just entered a period of reckless behavior wherein, with little prompting, Americans would try to arrange words into "sentences" and, if sufficiently coked-up, slap those sentences into "paragraphs."
Conservatives like Pat Buchanan were furious. Senator Bob Dole went on Meet the Press and blamed his erectile dysfunction on syntax. The era ended suddenly on December 31st, 1999, when, according to a budding bow-tie fanatic named Bill Nye, both the year AND the century had run their course.
Feeling threatened, Gladwell went on national television to declare "writing" is the radical, counterintuitive explanation for the existence of what he called "books" but what conservatives called "syphilis".
The strategy worked: He signed a contract with the biggest publishing house in America, which then promptly issued his first minor masterpiece: "Writing: How Letters, Sentences, Paragraphs, and Chapters Add Up To The Thing That Came Before the Colon." From that point on, it was all gin and roses (until Slash and Hypen left the band).
To help us think more deeply about the consequences of the problem, consider the following fact: If you were born after 1975 and tried to ride a bicycle from Iceland to Darfur, the chances of colliding with a British nanny increased 13% based on the number of Blossom reruns you watched as a child. Whether or not your parents are divorced is immaterial, as is the amount of padding in your seat. Social Scientists had a term for this late 20th century phenomenon: "Whoa!"
Meanwhile, in Canada (if that's your real name), a young, mild-mannered boy named Malcolm recognized the unique power of combining individual letters into meaning-units called 鈥渨ords.鈥�
He quit his job making ice sculptures out of rusted fenders and moved south of the border to America (the nation, not the toy store).
His timing was impeccable. At the end of the 90s, America had just entered a period of reckless behavior wherein, with little prompting, Americans would try to arrange words into "sentences" and, if sufficiently coked-up, slap those sentences into "paragraphs."
Conservatives like Pat Buchanan were furious. Senator Bob Dole went on Meet the Press and blamed his erectile dysfunction on syntax. The era ended suddenly on December 31st, 1999, when, according to a budding bow-tie fanatic named Bill Nye, both the year AND the century had run their course.
Feeling threatened, Gladwell went on national television to declare "writing" is the radical, counterintuitive explanation for the existence of what he called "books" but what conservatives called "syphilis".
The strategy worked: He signed a contract with the biggest publishing house in America, which then promptly issued his first minor masterpiece: "Writing: How Letters, Sentences, Paragraphs, and Chapters Add Up To The Thing That Came Before the Colon." From that point on, it was all gin and roses (until Slash and Hypen left the band).
January 7, 2017
賲賵囟賵毓: 賳賯胤賴 丕賵噩貙 趩賴 胤賵乇 賲爻丕卅賱 噩夭卅蹖 賲賵噩亘 鬲睾蹖蹖乇丕鬲 亘夭乇诏 賲蹖 卮賵賳丿
禺賱丕氐賴 丕蹖 丕夭 賲丨鬲賵蹖丕鬲: 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱貙 跇賵乇賳丕賱蹖爻鬲 賲卮賴賵乇 賳蹖賵蹖賵乇讴乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 毓賱鬲 賵賯賵毓 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖 讴賳賴. 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲丨鬲 丨囟賵乇 趩賴 卮乇丕蹖胤 賵 毓賵丕賲賱蹖 蹖讴 鬲亘賱蹖睾貙 蹖讴 卮丕蹖毓賴貙 蹖丕 蹖讴 乇賵蹖賴 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賲丿 賵丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 賲蹖 卮賴. 丕夭 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 賴爻鬲 賲蹖 卮賴 丿乇 亘丨孬 賴丕蹖 賲丕乇讴鬲蹖賳诏 賵 亘丕夭乇蹖丕亘蹖貙 鬲亘賱蹖睾丕鬲 賲賵孬乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿.
禺賱丕氐賴 丕蹖 丕夭 噩丕賱亘丕鬲 讴鬲丕亘:
1. six degrees of separation: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲胤賱亘 賴丕蹖 噩丕賱亘蹖 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 讴鬲丕亘 蹖丕丿 诏乇賮鬲賲 賲賮賴賵賲 卮卮 丿乇噩賴 噩丿丕蹖蹖 賴爻鬲. 亘賴 胤賵賱 禺賱丕氐賴 胤亘賯 丕蹖賳 鬲卅賵乇蹖貙 賴乇 趩蹖夭 蹖丕 卮禺氐蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴貙 亘丕 蹖讴 賵丕爻胤賴 卮卮 賳賮乇賴 丕夭 匕賳噩蹖乇賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 賲丕貙 賵 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲 乇爻 賲丕 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.
2. Connectors: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓賵丕賲賱 丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 卮丿賳 蹖讴 賲賵囟賵毓 賵噩賵丿 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賴爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賴丕 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳 亘丕 卮亘讴賴 丕蹖 亘夭乇诏 丕夭 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲 賲蹖丕賳 賮乇丿蹖. 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 禺賵卮 賲卮乇亘 讴賴 賲毓賲賵賱丕 賲賵乇丿 丕毓鬲賲丕丿 賵 鬲丨爻蹖賳 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮賵賳 賴爻鬲賳.
蹖讴 賲孬丕賱 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賱亘 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 丕蹖賳 丕賮乇丕丿 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲蹖 诏賴 蹖讴 賱蹖爻鬲 40 賳賮乇蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 鬲賴蹖賴 讴賳蹖丿 賵 賲卮禺氐 讴賳蹖丿 趩賴 胤賵乇 亘丕 賴乇 蹖讴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 丌卮賳丕 卮丿蹖賳貙 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 蹖讴 毓丿丿 讴賵趩讴 賲蹖 乇爻蹖丿. 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 蹖丕 丿賵 賳賮乇 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 賲賵噩亘 丌卮賳丕 卮丿賳 卮賲丕 亘丕 賲丕 亘賯蹖 丕賮乇丕丿 賲賵噩賵丿 丿乇 賱蹖爻鬲 丿賵爻丕賳鬲賵賳 賴爻鬲賳. 丕蹖賳 丕賮乇丕丿 賴賲賵賳 丕卮禺丕氐 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賴爻鬲賳丿.
3. 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 亘丕賵乇 毓賲賵賲 賲亘賳蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮賵賳 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴 賴爻鬲貙 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賴丕 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖 丿賴 讴賴 賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲賵賳 乇賵 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 賲丨蹖胤蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲. 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 賮毓丕賱蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴蹖 亘丕 丕賵賳 賴丕 丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 賳賴 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴.
We're friends with the people we do things with, as much as we are with the people we resemble. We don't seek out friends, in other words. We associ颅ate with the people who occupy the same small, physical spaces that we do.
4. Six degrees of separation doesn't mean that everyone is linked to everyone else in just six steps. It means that a very small number of people are linked to everyone else in a few steps, and the rest of us are linked to the world through those special few.
5. 蹖讴蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕夭 賲胤丕賱亘蹖 讴賴 蹖丕丿 诏乇賮鬲賲 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賲蹖 卮賳丕爻蹖賲 賵 丿丕蹖乇賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇賳 丌丿賲 賴丕蹖蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 賲毓鬲賯賳丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 丌丿賲 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 亘亘蹖賳賳 亘賴 蹖讴 賳丨賵蹖 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 賵 卮诏賮鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭賳 賵 丕蹖賳 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖 卮賴 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 賴丕蹖 丌丿賲 賴丕 乇賵 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿蹖丿 亘賯蹖賴 倬賳賴丕賳 賴爻鬲 亘亘蹖賳賳... 噩丕蹖 亘爻蹖 鬲丕賲賱 丿丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓...
6. 蹖讴 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕乇亘乇丿蹖 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇 噩丕賱亘 丿蹖诏賴 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 卮睾賱 丕蹖賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 胤亘賯 丌賲丕乇貙 丕睾賱亘 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 賲卮睾賵賱 亘賴 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 乇丿賴 亘丕賱丕 賵 禺賵亘 賲蹖 卮賳 丕睾賱亘 卮睾賱卮賵賳 乇賵 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丌卮賳丕蹖丕賳卮賵賳 (趩賴 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賵乇 賵 趩賴 禺蹖賱蹖 賳夭丿蹖讴) 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳賳 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 卮亘讴賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 亘夭乇诏 乇賵 賲卮禺氐 賲蹖 讴賳賴.
The strength of weak ties... Acquaintances, in short, represent a source of social power, and the more acquaintances you have the more power颅ful you are.
7. The more close an idea a message come to a connector, the more probability that it spreads.
8. Mavens: Those people who hoard knowledge if particular subjects and present them to anyone need that type of information merely out of goodwill which in turns make them popular and trustworthy.
9. The broken window theory 丕蹖賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 噩丕賱亘 賲蹖 诏賴 丕诏乇 蹖讴 倬賳噩乇賴 丕蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘卮賴 賵 鬲毓賲蹖蹖乇 賳卮賴貙 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖 卮賴 讴賴 亘賴 賲乇賵乇 倬賳噩乇賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘卮賳 賵 丕蹖賳 丌睾丕夭蹖 賲蹖 卮賴 亘乇丕蹖 诏爻鬲乇卮 亘蹖 賳馗賲蹖 賵 噩乇賲. 賵噩賵丿 讴賵趩讴鬲乇蹖賳 賳卮丕賳賴 丕夭 丌賱賵丿诏蹖 蹖丕 亘蹖 賳馗賲蹖 賵 亘蹖 鬲賵噩賴蹖 亘賴 丕賵賳 亘丕毓孬 诏爻鬲乇卮 丕賵賳 賲蹖 卮賴.
crime is the inevitable result of disorder. If a window is broken and left unrepaired, people walking by will conclude that no one cares and no one is in charge. Soon, more windows will be broken, and the sense of anarchy will spread from the building to the street on which it faces, sending a signal
that anything goes.
10. the convictions of your heart and the actual contents of your thoughts are less important, in the end, in guiding your actions than the immediate context of your behavior
11. Peer influence and community influence are more important than family influence in determining how children turn out
12. Caring about someone deeply is exhausting thus limiting us on the number of people we can mentally afford to heartily and truly care about.
13. Transactive memory: 丨丕賮馗賴 丕賳鬲賯丕賱蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳蹖 賴爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 賲賵丕乇丿蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖賲賵賳 丿丕乇蹖賲 賲孬賱 卮賲丕乇賴 鬲賱賮賳貙 丌丿乇爻貙 蹖丕 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賲賵丕乇丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴卮賵賳 乇爻蹖丿诏蹖 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賴丕 乇賵 丿乇 丨丕賮馗賴 禺賵丿賲賵賳 丨賮馗 賳賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 噩丕蹖蹖 匕禺蹖乇卮賵賳 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲 賵 丌賳 噩丕 乇丕 讴賴 賳诏賴丿丕乇賳丿賴 丕賵賳 賲賵丕乇丿 賴爻鬲 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲蹖 爻倬丕乇蹖賲.
賲孬賱丕 賲爻丕卅賱 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳 賲孬賱 蹖讴 鬲噩乇亘賴 蹖丕 蹖讴 賳賵毓 亘丕夭蹖 蹖丕 賲丨丕賵乇賴 讴賴 丨賮馗 賵 賳诏賴丿丕乇蹖卮賵賳 乇賵 亘乇 毓賴丿賴 卮乇蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖賲賵賳 賲蹖 爻倬丕乇蹖賲. 亘锟斤拷 賴賲蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 胤賱丕賯 蹖丕 噩丿丕蹖蹖 丕賳賯丿乇 丿乇丿賳丕讴 賲蹖 卮賳貙 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 丿蹖诏賴 亘賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳 禺丕胤乇丕鬲 丿爻鬲 乇爻蹖 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖賲.
讴賱丕賲 丌禺乇: 蹖讴 爻鬲丕乇賴 丕蹖 讴賴 讴賲 卮丿 丕夭 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭卮 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 丨噩蹖賲 亘賵丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲蹖 鬲賵賳爻鬲 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賱丕氐賴 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵乇丿 亘蹖賳 丕睾賱亘 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕 賲卮鬲乇讴 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丿賱蹖賱卮 賲爻丕卅賱 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 賲丕賱蹖 賴爻鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇. 丕賲丕 丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 賵丕賯毓丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 賵 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿貙 賵 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓卮 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賲.
禺賱丕氐賴 丕蹖 丕夭 賲丨鬲賵蹖丕鬲: 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 賲丕賱讴賵賲 诏賱丿賵賱貙 跇賵乇賳丕賱蹖爻鬲 賲卮賴賵乇 賳蹖賵蹖賵乇讴乇 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 毓賱鬲 賵賯賵毓 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 乇賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖 讴賳賴. 丕蹖賳讴賴 鬲丨鬲 丨囟賵乇 趩賴 卮乇丕蹖胤 賵 毓賵丕賲賱蹖 蹖讴 鬲亘賱蹖睾貙 蹖讴 卮丕蹖毓賴貙 蹖丕 蹖讴 乇賵蹖賴 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 賲丿 賵丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 賲蹖 卮賴. 丕夭 丕胤賱丕毓丕鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 讴鬲丕亘 賴爻鬲 賲蹖 卮賴 丿乇 亘丨孬 賴丕蹖 賲丕乇讴鬲蹖賳诏 賵 亘丕夭乇蹖丕亘蹖貙 鬲亘賱蹖睾丕鬲 賲賵孬乇 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 讴乇丿.
禺賱丕氐賴 丕蹖 丕夭 噩丕賱亘丕鬲 讴鬲丕亘:
1. six degrees of separation: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲胤賱亘 賴丕蹖 噩丕賱亘蹖 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 讴鬲丕亘 蹖丕丿 诏乇賮鬲賲 賲賮賴賵賲 卮卮 丿乇噩賴 噩丿丕蹖蹖 賴爻鬲. 亘賴 胤賵賱 禺賱丕氐賴 胤亘賯 丕蹖賳 鬲卅賵乇蹖貙 賴乇 趩蹖夭 蹖丕 卮禺氐蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴貙 亘丕 蹖讴 賵丕爻胤賴 卮卮 賳賮乇賴 丕夭 匕賳噩蹖乇賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 賲丕貙 賵 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 丌賳 賴丕 丿乇 丿爻鬲 乇爻 賲丕 禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿.
2. Connectors: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 毓賵丕賲賱 丕倬蹖丿賲蹖讴 卮丿賳 蹖讴 賲賵囟賵毓 賵噩賵丿 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賴爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賴丕 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳 亘丕 卮亘讴賴 丕蹖 亘夭乇诏 丕夭 丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲 賲蹖丕賳 賮乇丿蹖. 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 禺賵卮 賲卮乇亘 讴賴 賲毓賲賵賱丕 賲賵乇丿 丕毓鬲賲丕丿 賵 鬲丨爻蹖賳 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮賵賳 賴爻鬲賳.
蹖讴 賲孬丕賱 禺蹖賱蹖 噩丕賱亘 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 丕蹖賳 丕賮乇丕丿 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲蹖 诏賴 蹖讴 賱蹖爻鬲 40 賳賮乇蹖 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 鬲賴蹖賴 讴賳蹖丿 賵 賲卮禺氐 讴賳蹖丿 趩賴 胤賵乇 亘丕 賴乇 蹖讴 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 丌卮賳丕 卮丿蹖賳貙 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 亘賴 蹖讴 毓丿丿 讴賵趩讴 賲蹖 乇爻蹖丿. 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳蹖 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 蹖丕 丿賵 賳賮乇 丕夭 丿賵爻鬲丕賳鬲賵賳 賲賵噩亘 丌卮賳丕 卮丿賳 卮賲丕 亘丕 賲丕 亘賯蹖 丕賮乇丕丿 賲賵噩賵丿 丿乇 賱蹖爻鬲 丿賵爻丕賳鬲賵賳 賴爻鬲賳. 丕蹖賳 丕賮乇丕丿 賴賲賵賳 丕卮禺丕氐 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賴爻鬲賳丿.
3. 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 亘丕賵乇 毓賲賵賲 賲亘賳蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 丿賵爻鬲丕賳卮賵賳 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴 賴爻鬲貙 賲胤丕賱毓丕鬲 賵 亘乇乇爻蹖 賴丕 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖 丿賴 讴賴 賲丕 丿賵爻鬲丕賳賲賵賳 乇賵 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賳夭丿蹖讴蹖 賲丨蹖胤蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲. 讴爻丕賳蹖 讴賴 賮毓丕賱蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴蹖 亘丕 丕賵賳 賴丕 丿丕乇蹖賲 賵 賳賴 賵蹖跇诏蹖 賴丕蹖 賲卮鬲乇讴.
We're friends with the people we do things with, as much as we are with the people we resemble. We don't seek out friends, in other words. We associ颅ate with the people who occupy the same small, physical spaces that we do.
4. Six degrees of separation doesn't mean that everyone is linked to everyone else in just six steps. It means that a very small number of people are linked to everyone else in a few steps, and the rest of us are linked to the world through those special few.
5. 蹖讴蹖 丿蹖诏賴 丕夭 賲胤丕賱亘蹖 讴賴 蹖丕丿 诏乇賮鬲賲 丕蹖賳 亘賵丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕 賴賵蹖鬲 乇丕亘胤 賲蹖 卮賳丕爻蹖賲 賵 丿丕蹖乇賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 夭蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇賳 丌丿賲 賴丕蹖蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 賲毓鬲賯賳丿 讴賴 賴賲賴 丌丿賲 賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 亘亘蹖賳賳 亘賴 蹖讴 賳丨賵蹖 賮賵賯 丕賱毓丕丿賴 賵 卮诏賮鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭賳 賵 丕蹖賳 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖 卮賴 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 賴丕蹖 丌丿賲 賴丕 乇賵 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿蹖丿 亘賯蹖賴 倬賳賴丕賳 賴爻鬲 亘亘蹖賳賳... 噩丕蹖 亘爻蹖 鬲丕賲賱 丿丕乇賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓...
6. 蹖讴 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕乇亘乇丿蹖 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇 噩丕賱亘 丿蹖诏賴 丿乇 禺氐賵氐 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 卮睾賱 丕蹖賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 胤亘賯 丌賲丕乇貙 丕睾賱亘 丕賮乇丕丿蹖 讴賴 賲卮睾賵賱 亘賴 讴丕乇賴丕蹖 乇丿賴 亘丕賱丕 賵 禺賵亘 賲蹖 卮賳 丕睾賱亘 卮睾賱卮賵賳 乇賵 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丌卮賳丕蹖丕賳卮賵賳 (趩賴 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賵乇 賵 趩賴 禺蹖賱蹖 賳夭丿蹖讴) 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖 讴賳賳 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賲爻卅賱賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 丿丕卮鬲賳 卮亘讴賴 丿賵爻鬲丕賳 亘夭乇诏 乇賵 賲卮禺氐 賲蹖 讴賳賴.
The strength of weak ties... Acquaintances, in short, represent a source of social power, and the more acquaintances you have the more power颅ful you are.
7. The more close an idea a message come to a connector, the more probability that it spreads.
8. Mavens: Those people who hoard knowledge if particular subjects and present them to anyone need that type of information merely out of goodwill which in turns make them popular and trustworthy.
9. The broken window theory 丕蹖賳 賳馗乇蹖賴 亘爻蹖丕乇 噩丕賱亘 賲蹖 诏賴 丕诏乇 蹖讴 倬賳噩乇賴 丕蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘卮賴 賵 鬲毓賲蹖蹖乇 賳卮賴貙 亘丕毓孬 賲蹖 卮賴 讴賴 亘賴 賲乇賵乇 倬賳噩乇賴 賴丕蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 卮讴爻鬲賴 亘卮賳 賵 丕蹖賳 丌睾丕夭蹖 賲蹖 卮賴 亘乇丕蹖 诏爻鬲乇卮 亘蹖 賳馗賲蹖 賵 噩乇賲. 賵噩賵丿 讴賵趩讴鬲乇蹖賳 賳卮丕賳賴 丕夭 丌賱賵丿诏蹖 蹖丕 亘蹖 賳馗賲蹖 賵 亘蹖 鬲賵噩賴蹖 亘賴 丕賵賳 亘丕毓孬 诏爻鬲乇卮 丕賵賳 賲蹖 卮賴.
crime is the inevitable result of disorder. If a window is broken and left unrepaired, people walking by will conclude that no one cares and no one is in charge. Soon, more windows will be broken, and the sense of anarchy will spread from the building to the street on which it faces, sending a signal
that anything goes.
10. the convictions of your heart and the actual contents of your thoughts are less important, in the end, in guiding your actions than the immediate context of your behavior
11. Peer influence and community influence are more important than family influence in determining how children turn out
12. Caring about someone deeply is exhausting thus limiting us on the number of people we can mentally afford to heartily and truly care about.
13. Transactive memory: 丨丕賮馗賴 丕賳鬲賯丕賱蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳蹖 賴爻鬲 讴賴 賲丕 賲賵丕乇丿蹖 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖賲賵賳 丿丕乇蹖賲 賲孬賱 卮賲丕乇賴 鬲賱賮賳貙 丌丿乇爻貙 蹖丕 賲噩賲賵毓賴 賲賵丕乇丿蹖 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴卮賵賳 乇爻蹖丿诏蹖 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賴丕 乇賵 丿乇 丨丕賮馗賴 禺賵丿賲賵賳 丨賮馗 賳賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 噩丕蹖蹖 匕禺蹖乇卮賵賳 賲蹖 讴賳蹖賲 賵 丌賳 噩丕 乇丕 讴賴 賳诏賴丿丕乇賳丿賴 丕賵賳 賲賵丕乇丿 賴爻鬲 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲蹖 爻倬丕乇蹖賲.
賲孬賱丕 賲爻丕卅賱 夭蹖丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲賳 賲孬賱 蹖讴 鬲噩乇亘賴 蹖丕 蹖讴 賳賵毓 亘丕夭蹖 蹖丕 賲丨丕賵乇賴 讴賴 丨賮馗 賵 賳诏賴丿丕乇蹖卮賵賳 乇賵 亘乇 毓賴丿賴 卮乇蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖賲賵賳 賲蹖 爻倬丕乇蹖賲. 亘锟斤拷 賴賲蹖賳 禺丕胤乇 胤賱丕賯 蹖丕 噩丿丕蹖蹖 丕賳賯丿乇 丿乇丿賳丕讴 賲蹖 卮賳貙 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 丿蹖诏賴 亘賴 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳 禺丕胤乇丕鬲 丿爻鬲 乇爻蹖 賳賲蹖 鬲賵丕賳蹖賲 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖賲.
讴賱丕賲 丌禺乇: 蹖讴 爻鬲丕乇賴 丕蹖 讴賴 讴賲 卮丿 丕夭 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭卮 亘賴 丿賱蹖賱 丨噩蹖賲 亘賵丿賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賵丿 讴賴 賲蹖 鬲賵賳爻鬲 禺蹖賱蹖 禺賱丕氐賴 鬲乇 亘丕卮賴. 丕賱亘鬲賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵乇丿 亘蹖賳 丕睾賱亘 讴鬲丕亘 賴丕 賲卮鬲乇讴 賴爻鬲 讴賴 丿賱蹖賱卮 賲爻丕卅賱 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 賲丕賱蹖 賴爻鬲 亘蹖卮鬲乇. 丕賲丕 丿乇 讴賱 讴鬲丕亘 賵丕賯毓丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 賵 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴 丕蹖 亘賵丿貙 賵 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓卮 賱匕鬲 亘乇丿賲.
December 23, 2007
Malcolm Gladwell shows us with this book that he is a jack-of-all-trades (or intellectual disciplines) and master of none. He very loosely weaves together existing social science and economic research to support his thin idea that there is a "tipping point" in all epidemics. While it was a page turner and interesting to read, his glib conclusory statements interpreting others' research was a bit jarring... For example, use of the word "always" when describing a social phenomenon is not a practice to which most trained social scientists would subscribe. I was also hoping for more practical advice resulting from his work, but not much was to be found other than that many complex forces (people, context, etc.) are at work in achieving a tipping point in most epidemics.
October 3, 2017
1 Start - Horrible book.
Yes, yes, even though I started this yesterday I did actually finish it. And after doing so, I regret reading this.
Full disclosure, the subject matter didn't really interest me but I've been wrong before so I gave it a go. I'll never be able to get back those precious reading hours.
There are two things that make this book, in my opinion, unreadable. The first is that the concept/central theme of this book is nothing new. Now, I know this was published ca. 2000 so I'm about 17 years late to the party but come on. I can't imagine how this book struck a chord with so many people. The idea that there is some sort of tipping point (clever) that causes certain trends, ideas, etc. to become phenomenon's. To me that seems logical and a no-brainer. I mean, duh. There are certain elements that cause certain things to catch on while others don't. I just wasn't impressed with the author's fervor and excitement in trying to explain a logical thing. I felt as if he was talking down to the reader.
The second thing that made me despise this book was that the author leaves a lot of half-thoughts. He rarely finishes an idea all the way to the end and the book is full of cases that are unfinished. He leaves one example before he's fully explained how it relates to his thesis and begins on another. I found it irritating and a bad way to write a book.
I have by the same author and while I'll probably read it, I need to cool down from this one before I can jump into another one of his (what I presume will be horribly done) books.
Do not read.
Yes, yes, even though I started this yesterday I did actually finish it. And after doing so, I regret reading this.
Full disclosure, the subject matter didn't really interest me but I've been wrong before so I gave it a go. I'll never be able to get back those precious reading hours.
There are two things that make this book, in my opinion, unreadable. The first is that the concept/central theme of this book is nothing new. Now, I know this was published ca. 2000 so I'm about 17 years late to the party but come on. I can't imagine how this book struck a chord with so many people. The idea that there is some sort of tipping point (clever) that causes certain trends, ideas, etc. to become phenomenon's. To me that seems logical and a no-brainer. I mean, duh. There are certain elements that cause certain things to catch on while others don't. I just wasn't impressed with the author's fervor and excitement in trying to explain a logical thing. I felt as if he was talking down to the reader.
The second thing that made me despise this book was that the author leaves a lot of half-thoughts. He rarely finishes an idea all the way to the end and the book is full of cases that are unfinished. He leaves one example before he's fully explained how it relates to his thesis and begins on another. I found it irritating and a bad way to write a book.
I have by the same author and while I'll probably read it, I need to cool down from this one before I can jump into another one of his (what I presume will be horribly done) books.
Do not read.
November 6, 2012
鬲噩乇亘丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賴賷 鬲噩乇亘丞 乇丕卅毓丞 噩丿丕賸,鬲賮鬲賯丿 卮毓賵乇賰 鬲噩丕賴 賱睾鬲賰 丕賱兀賲 鬲噩丕賴 賱睾丞 丕賱囟丕丿..賵賱賰賳 賱丕 賷毓賳賷 匕賱賰 兀賳賰 鬲丐孬乇賴丕 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞,毓賳丿賲丕 賷賮鬲丨 賱賰 亘丕亘 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 亘賱睾丞 兀禺乇賶 廿賳賲丕 賴賷 賳毓賲丞 兀賳毓賲 丕賱賱賴 亘賴丕 毓賱賷賰 賮賱丕 賮囟賱 賱賰 賵賱丕 賯賵丞 賮賭 賱賱賴 丕賱丨賲丿 賵丕賱卮賰乇 兀賵賱丕賸 賵兀禺賷乇丕賸. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 毓賳丿賲丕 亘丿兀鬲 賮賷 賯乇丕亍丞 賱賲 兀賰賳 兀爻鬲胤賷毓 鬲氐賳賷賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘兀賷 賯爻賲 兀囟毓賴 賵鬲丨鬲 兀賷 賲噩賲賵毓丞 兀氐賳賮丞 賮賲丕 賰丕賳 賲賳賷 廿賱丕 兀賳 兀賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵賯賱鬲 賮賷 賳賮爻賷 賴匕丕 賰鬲丕亘 賯丿 賷賰賵賳 鬲爻賵賷賯賷 賵賯丿 賷賰賵賳 噩夭亍 賲賳 毓賱賲 丕賱賳賮爻. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丿賵乇 丨賵賱 孬賱丕孬 賮氐賵賱 賲賴賲丞:
賮氐賱 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱賯賱丞.賵賴賵 賰賷賮 兀賳 賯賱丞 賲賳 丕賱賳丕爻 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賲 亘賳卮乇 "丕賱兀賲乇丕囟"賰賲丕 賷爻賲賷賴丕 賯賱丕丿賵賷賱 賵賲丕賴賷 丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 賴賷 賰賱賲丞 鬲禺乇噩 賲賳 丕賱賮賲 賵賷丨丿丿 匕賱賰 亘孬賱丕孬 卮乇賵胤 兀爻丕爻賷丞 賵賴賲 (丕賱賲鬲賵丕氐賱賵賳-丕賱匕賷賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 賰賱 卮賷亍 - 賵丕賱賲爻賵賯賷賾賳-)賮賭 亘賴丐賱丕亍賽 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賵賷賯賵賱 兀賳賴丕 鬲賳胤亘賯 毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 賵賯丿 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賰匕賱賰.賵亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賴賵 賮氐賱 賯賵丞 丕賱賱夭賵噩丞 賵賱賷爻 賲毓賳丕賴丕 丕賱丨乇賮賷 賵賱賰賳 "丕賱廿賱鬲氐丕賯" 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 兀賵 丕賱禺亘乇 兀賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱廿毓賱丕賳 賮賷 乇兀爻 丕賱賲鬲賱賯賷 賵兀禺賷乇丕賸 賴賵 賮氐賱"賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯" 賵兀賳 亘毓囟 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 賵丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 鬲賰賵賳 賯賵賷丞 賳鬲賷噩丞 爻賷丕賯賴丕 賵鬲賰賵賳 囟毓賷賮丞 賳鬲賷噩丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯 兀賵 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵噩丿鬲 賮賷賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲丕噩 鬲乇賰賷夭 兀賰孬乇.噩賲賷賱 亘賭 賲噩賲賱丞 賵兀賮賰丕乇丞 賵賱賰賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 賰賲丕 賴賷 毓丕丿鬲 丕賱兀噩丕賳亘 賮賴賲 賷毓卮賯賵賳 卮賷亍 兀爻賲賴"丕賱廿丨氐丕卅賷丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賲孬賱丞"賱賰賷 賷毓夭夭 賮賰乇鬲賴 亘賰賱 氐睾賷乇丞 賵賰亘賷乇丞 賷匕賰乇賴丕.賵賱賲 兀賰賳 賲毓鬲丕丿 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 賮賰丕賳 氐毓亘丕賸 兀賳 兀賴囟賲丞 丿丕賲丕賸 賯乇兀鬲賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 佟佗-佟贍 賵廿賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 伲-佟佟.
賮氐賱 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱賯賱丞.賵賴賵 賰賷賮 兀賳 賯賱丞 賲賳 丕賱賳丕爻 賴賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賲 亘賳卮乇 "丕賱兀賲乇丕囟"賰賲丕 賷爻賲賷賴丕 賯賱丕丿賵賷賱 賵賲丕賴賷 丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 賴賷 賰賱賲丞 鬲禺乇噩 賲賳 丕賱賮賲 賵賷丨丿丿 匕賱賰 亘孬賱丕孬 卮乇賵胤 兀爻丕爻賷丞 賵賴賲 (丕賱賲鬲賵丕氐賱賵賳-丕賱匕賷賳 賷毓乇賮賵賳 賰賱 卮賷亍 - 賵丕賱賲爻賵賯賷賾賳-)賮賭 亘賴丐賱丕亍賽 鬲賰賵賳 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱兀賲乇丕囟 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賵賷賯賵賱 兀賳賴丕 鬲賳胤亘賯 毓賱賶 噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 賵賯丿 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賰匕賱賰.賵亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賴賵 賮氐賱 賯賵丞 丕賱賱夭賵噩丞 賵賱賷爻 賲毓賳丕賴丕 丕賱丨乇賮賷 賵賱賰賳 "丕賱廿賱鬲氐丕賯" 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丞 兀賵 丕賱禺亘乇 兀賵 丨鬲賶 丕賱廿毓賱丕賳 賮賷 乇兀爻 丕賱賲鬲賱賯賷 賵兀禺賷乇丕賸 賴賵 賮氐賱"賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯" 賵兀賳 亘毓囟 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 賵丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 鬲賰賵賳 賯賵賷丞 賳鬲賷噩丞 爻賷丕賯賴丕 賵鬲賰賵賳 囟毓賷賮丞 賳鬲賷噩丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯 兀賵 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵噩丿鬲 賮賷賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷丨鬲丕噩 鬲乇賰賷夭 兀賰孬乇.噩賲賷賱 亘賭 賲噩賲賱丞 賵兀賮賰丕乇丞 賵賱賰賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱兀賲孬賱丞 賰賲丕 賴賷 毓丕丿鬲 丕賱兀噩丕賳亘 賮賴賲 賷毓卮賯賵賳 卮賷亍 兀爻賲賴"丕賱廿丨氐丕卅賷丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賲孬賱丞"賱賰賷 賷毓夭夭 賮賰乇鬲賴 亘賰賱 氐睾賷乇丞 賵賰亘賷乇丞 賷匕賰乇賴丕.賵賱賲 兀賰賳 賲毓鬲丕丿 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 賮賰丕賳 氐毓亘丕賸 兀賳 兀賴囟賲丞 丿丕賲丕賸 賯乇兀鬲賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 佟佗-佟贍 賵廿賳鬲賴賷鬲 賲賳賴 賮賷 鬲丕乇賷禺 伲-佟佟.
March 4, 2018
It has a number of eye openers and will broaden one鈥檚 vision to see how little things matter so much.
A combination of lucid explanation with vivid (and often funny) real-world examples, the book sets out to explain nothing less than why human beings behave the way they do.
A combination of lucid explanation with vivid (and often funny) real-world examples, the book sets out to explain nothing less than why human beings behave the way they do.
February 4, 2012
Inductive reasoning but still believable for the most part. Extreme fun to read.
June 20, 2020
The tipping point', an analysis of that magic moment when ideas, trends, social behaviours etc. tips over, and spread like nobody business sometimes into becoming mainstream. An interesting theory鈥� I liked the examples and note that this much more than just a book of examples. To me, I liked the breaking down of how something started and grew to something more from the likes of Sesame Street and rumours through to sneakers and New York crime! The magic number 150 chapter is thought provoking, although to be clear Gladwell was far from the first to identify essentially the maximum number of acquaintances one can have. Recommended read, just to be aware of the trend examples provided. 7 out of 12, up to 9 out of 12 after my 2016 reread!
January 15, 2024
鈥淎 book, I was taught long ago in English class, is a living and breathing document that grows richer with each new reading.鈥�
Tipping Point is a fascinating book. I enjoyed listening to Malcolm Gladwell narrate the audiobook and provide fascinating insights about social epidemics etc.
One of the easiest five stars I've ever given.
Tipping Point is a fascinating book. I enjoyed listening to Malcolm Gladwell narrate the audiobook and provide fascinating insights about social epidemics etc.
One of the easiest five stars I've ever given.
March 9, 2009
This is Gladwell's most thorough book. It has everything that I wanted from Outliers and Blink: research, diagnosis, and a clear call to action. Although admittedly, the research is not quite as fun as it is in his two following books.
If I had Gladwell's attention, I would ask him this: How do you capitalize on your role as either a Connector, Maven, or Salesmen? And what if you are none of the above, but rather a part of the phenomenon-following mob? Can you aspire to a different role than the one you are naturally gifted with? I identified with the Maven, as I'm sure most journalists do. So what do I do with that beyond disseminating news and culture? Can a Maven be a trend setter or a Connector? Since I don't have Gladwell's attention, I guess that is rhetorical.
One thing I love about Gladwell is that he presents strong theory and analysis in a way that allows for variance. One of my favorite quotes from this book: "That's why social change is so volatile and so often inexplicable, because it is the nature of all of us to be volatile and inexplicable."
If I had Gladwell's attention, I would ask him this: How do you capitalize on your role as either a Connector, Maven, or Salesmen? And what if you are none of the above, but rather a part of the phenomenon-following mob? Can you aspire to a different role than the one you are naturally gifted with? I identified with the Maven, as I'm sure most journalists do. So what do I do with that beyond disseminating news and culture? Can a Maven be a trend setter or a Connector? Since I don't have Gladwell's attention, I guess that is rhetorical.
One thing I love about Gladwell is that he presents strong theory and analysis in a way that allows for variance. One of my favorite quotes from this book: "That's why social change is so volatile and so often inexplicable, because it is the nature of all of us to be volatile and inexplicable."
August 18, 2017
賴賵 孬丕賱孬 賰鬲丕亘 兀賯乇兀賴 賱睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 亘毓丿 丌賵鬲賱丕賷乇夭 丕賱匕賷 兀孬丕乇 廿毓噩丕亘賷 噩丿丕 貙 賵亘賱賳賰 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳 卮亘賴 賲丨亘胤 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 . 爻毓賷丿 亘兀賳 兀賯賵賱 廿賳 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賯丿賲 賮賷 匕丕 鬲賷亘賷賳睾 亘賵賷賳鬲 賲丕丿丞 亘賯賵丞 賰鬲丕亘 丌賵鬲賱丕賷乇夭 賲賳 賳丕丨賷丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賵鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱賵丕賯毓 賵賯賵賱亘鬲賴 賮賷 賯賵丕賱亘 廿爻鬲賳鬲丕噩丕鬲 鬲賮賷丿 兀氐丨丕亘 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 爻賵丕亍丕 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 兀賵 賴丕丿賮丞 兀賵 賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞 兀賵 睾賷乇賴丕 賮賷 廿丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 亘兀禺匕 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱鬲賷 賷胤乇丨賴丕 亘毓賷賳 丕賱廿毓鬲亘丕乇.
June 25, 2015
賲賳 賲丿賵賳鬲賷: 孬賲丕賳賵賳 賰鬲丕亘丕 亘丨孬丕 毓賳 賲禺乇噩
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胤賵丕賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賱賲 鬲卮賴丿 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 兀賷 孬賵乇丞 丨賯賷賯賷丞, 賱賲 賷賰賳 賴賳丕賰 爻賵賶 賲馗丕賴乇丕鬲 賳丕丿乇丞 賲亘毓孬乇丞 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰. 賵賮噩丕亍丞, 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 爻丕亘賯 廿賳匕丕乇, 鬲賳丿賱毓 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賵丕丨丿丞 鬲賱賵 丕賱兀禺乇賶 賮賷 兀乇噩丕亍 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 .. 鬲賵賳爻 .. 賲氐乇 .. 丕賱賷賲賳 .. 丕賱亘丨乇賷賳 .. 賱賷亘賷丕 .. 丕賱賲睾乇亘 .. 賵丕賱賯丕丿賲 賲匕賴賱 兀賰孬乇.
賱賷爻 賲賳 丕賱氐毓賵亘丞 亘賲賰丕賳 兀賳 賳丨賱賱 爻亘亘 賳卮賵亍 賰賱 孬賵乇丞 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 毓賱賶 丨丿丞, 賱賰賳 丕賱卮賷亍 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲毓氐賷 毓賱賶 丕賱賮賴賲 賴賵 爻亘亘 丨丿賵孬 賰賱 賴匕賴 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賯氐賷乇丞 ( 丨賵丕賱賷 禺賲爻賷賳 賷賵賲丕賸 ). 賲丕 賱匕賷 丿賮毓 亘毓噩賱丞 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賱兀賳 鬲鬲丿丨乇噩 亘賴匕賴 丕賱爻乇毓丞 丕賱乇賴賷亘丞 賲賳 丿賵賱丞 賱兀禺乇賶責 賴匕丕 丕賱爻丐丕賱, 賮賷 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷, 噩賵賴乇賷 噩丿丕賻, 賵賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賲胤賵賱丕賸. 廿匕丕 毓乇賮賳丕 丕賱爻乇, 賲丕 賱匕賷 賷賲賳毓賳丕 賲賳 廿毓丕丿丞 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱賵氐賮丞 賱廿爻鬲丨丿丕孬 孬賵乇丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 毓賱賶 丕賲鬲丿丕丿 丕賱賵胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷責 廿賳 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳賯賱亘鬲 毓賱賶 丕賳馗賲鬲賴丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲亘丿丞 賲丕 賷夭丕賱 兀賲丕賲賴丕 胤乇賷賯 胤賵賷賱, 賵賲丕 鬲夭丕賱 亘丨丕噩丞 賱兀賳 鬲賯賵賲 亘孬賵乇丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯囟丕亍, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯胤丕毓 丕賱氐丨賷, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕賱亘丕賱賷丞, 賵睾賷乇賴丕, 賰賷 鬲氐賱 賱賱賲賰丕賳丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲亘睾賷賴丕 賱賳賮爻賴丕. 賷賵賲 賲賳 丕賱兀賷丕賲, 亘毓丿 兀賳 鬲賴丿兀 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱賵胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷, 爻賵賮 鬲噩丿 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賳賮爻賴丕 兀賲丕賲 鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 鬲爻鬲賱夭賲 鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 噩匕乇賷丞, 賵丨賷賳賴丕 爻賵賮 賷賰賵賳 丕賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丿丕賵賱賴 丕賱噩賲賷毓: 賰賷賮 賳賮毓賱賴丕 賲乇丞 孬丕賳賷丞責
賰鬲丕亘 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賰賳丿賷 ( 賲丕賱賰賵賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 ) 賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賷丿 賰賱 丕賱亘毓丿 毓賳 丕賱賲噩丕賱 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷, 賱賰賳賴 賷賯丿賲 孬賱丕孬 賯賵丕賳賷賳 賱鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賮賷 兀賷 賲噩鬲賲毓 亘卮賰賱 賲賮丕噩卅 賵爻乇賷毓. 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 賲乇賳丞 噩丿丕賸, 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴丕 賰賷 鬲丨賱賱 爻亘亘 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞, 賰賲丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲毓賲賱賴丕 賱鬲賮爻賷乇 賳噩丕丨 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞 賲孬賱 丕賱丌賷 亘丕丿 賵賮卮賱 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賲孬賱 賯賵賯賱 賵賷賮, 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴丕 賱賮賴賲 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賳禺賮丕囟 兀賵 丕乇鬲賮丕毓 賲毓丿賱丕鬲 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞, 鬲丨賱賷賱 賳噩丕丨 丕賱賰鬲亘 賵丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲 丕賱兀賰孬乇 賲亘賷毓丕賸, 卮賷賵毓 賲賵囟丞 賲毓賷賳丞, 亘賱 廿賳賰 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 賱賮賴賲 爻亘亘 丕賱廿賯亘丕賱 睾賷乇 丕賱毓丕丿賷 賱賱卮毓亘 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷 毓賱賶 卮乇丕亘 ( 丕賱賮賷賲鬲賵 ) 賮賷 乇賲囟丕賳.
賯亘賱 兀賳 賳爻鬲毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞, 賱賳亘丿亍 亘爻丐丕賱 賷胤乇丨 賳賮爻賴 丨賵賱 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: ( 賲丕 賴賷 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱責 ) 兀賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 賷丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賷丨丿孬 毓丕丿丞 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賵毓賱賶 賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱夭賲賳. 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱, 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 亘毓賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞 賰丕賳 賲賳馗乇 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱匕賷 賷乇亘胤 丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳 賲孬賷乇 賱賱丕爻鬲睾乇丕亘 ( 賵乇亘賲丕 賱賱囟丨賰 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 ), 賵廿賳 賱賲 鬲禺賳賷 丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 亘丿兀鬲 丕賱噩賴賵丿 鬲鬲乇賰夭 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賵毓賷丞 亘丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳 賮賷 毓丕賲 2000, 賵賲賳匕 匕賱賰 丕賱丨賷賳 賵賳丨賳 賳卮賴丿 夭賷丕丿丞 胤賮賷賮丞 爻賳賵賷丕賸 賮賷 兀毓丿丕丿 賲賳 賷賱鬲夭賲賵賳 亘乇亘胤 丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳. 賴匕丕 賴賵 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貨 鬲丨賵賱 賷丨丿孬 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賵毓賱賶 賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱夭賲賳. 賱賰賳 賲賳 噩賴丞 兀禺乇賶, 賴賳丕賰 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 鬲丨丿孬 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 賮鬲乇丞 賯氐賷乇丞 噩丿丕賸, 賵亘卮賰賱 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓, 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞. 賱丨馗丞 丕賱睾賱賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳賯賱亘 賮賷賴丕 丕賱兀賲賵乇 乇兀爻丕賸 毓賱賶 毓賯亘 賮噩丕亍丞 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 兀賷 爻丕亘賯 兀賳匕丕乇 賱鬲賳鬲卮乇 馗丕賴乇丞 兀賵 爻賱賵賰 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱賳丕乇 賮賷 丕賱賴卮賷賲, 賴賷 丕賱賱丨馗丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷爻賲賷賴丕 賲丕賱賰賵賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ).
賲氐胤賱丨 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱
( The Tipping Point )
賴賵 兀爻丕爻丕賸 賲氐胤賱丨 賷爻鬲禺丿賲賴 毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 賱賵氐賮 丕賱賱丨馗丞 丕賱丨乇噩丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賳賮噩乇 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賵亘丕亍 亘卮賰賱 卮賳賷毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓. 毓賳丿賲丕 賰丕賳 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷毓賲賱 賰賲乇丕爻賱 賱氐丕賱丨 ( 賵丕卮賳胤賳 亘賵爻鬲 ) 兀爻賳丿鬲 賱賴 賲賴賲丞 鬲睾胤賷丞 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賵亘丕亍 丕賱廿賷丿夭, 賵賲毓 丕丨鬲賰丕賰賴 亘毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 亘丿兀 賷匕賴賱 賲賳 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮賴, 賵丕賱賲禺賷賮賴, 賵丕賱鬲賷 賷氐毓亘 丕賱鬲賳亘丐 亘賴丕 賱廿賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞. 賮賷 毓丕賲 1982 丨丿孬鬲 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱 卮賳賷毓丞 賱賵亘丕亍 丕賱兀賷丿夭, 賮賯丿 丕賳鬲賯賱 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 賵亘丕亍 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳賴 兀賮乇丕丿 賯賱丞, 賱賰賵賳賴 賵亘丕亍 毓丕賱賲賷. 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕丿孬丞, 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賵氐賮 賱賴丕, 噩毓賱 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷胤乇丨 賮賰乇丞 兀賳 賱賰賱 卮賷亍, 賵賱賷爻 賮賯胤 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞, 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱. 賲丕 賱匕賷 賷賲賳毓, 鬲爻丕亍賱 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱, 賲賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賱賱兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞, 丕賱賲賵囟丞, 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇, 丕賱鬲賷丕乇丕鬲, 丕賱賲賳鬲噩丕鬲, 丕賱廿毓賱丕賳丕鬲, 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱 兀賷囟丕賸責
丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷亘賳賷 毓賱賷賴丕 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳賴 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 賱丨丿賵孬 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 賴賷 賮賷 兀賳 賳鬲氐賵乇 兀賮賰丕乇 賵爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賰兀賵亘卅丞, 賵賲孬賱 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞, 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 賱賴丕 禺丕氐賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賵丕賱毓丿賵賶. 賱匕賱賰, 賷爻賲賷 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳賴 ( 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 賱賱兀賵亘卅丞 ). 丿毓賵賳丕 丕賱丌賳 賳鬲爻毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 賱廿賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賮賰乇丞 兀賵 丕賱爻賱賵賰 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕爻賲賴 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞 ). 賷賳氐 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 兀卮禺丕氐 賯賱賷賱賵賳 噩丿丕賸 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 亘廿賲賰丕賳賴賲 賳賯賱 丕賱毓丿賵賶 ( 丕賱賮賰乇丞 兀賵 丕賱爻賱賵賰 兀賵 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 ) 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 睾賷乇賴賲. 賴賳丕賰 孬賱丕孬 賲賱賰丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕匕丕 丕賲鬲賱賰賴丕 丕賱卮禺氐 氐丕乇 賲賵氐賱丕賸 賮毓丕賱丕賸 賱賱毓丿賵賶, 賵賴賷: 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓, 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 鬲賰賵賷賳 氐賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞, 賵丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 噩賲毓 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 毓丕賲賱 丕賱廿賱鬲氐丕賯 ): 賲丨鬲賵賶 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賵胤乇賷賯丞 毓乇囟賴丕 鬲賱毓亘 丿賵乇丕賸 兀爻丕爻賷丕賸 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 賲賳 丕賱爻賴賵賱丞 廿賷氐丕賱 乇爻丕賱鬲賰 賱賱噩賲丕賴賷乇, 賱賰賳 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴賲 賷鬲匕賰乇賵賳賴丕責 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴丕 鬲乇爻禺 賮賷 兀匕賴丕賳賴賲責 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴賲 賷丐賲賳賵賳 亘賴丕責 賴匕丕 賴賵 丕賱鬲丨丿賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷, 賵賴匕丕 賴賵 賱亘 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 賴賵 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯 ): 賷賳氐 毓賱賶 兀賳 丕賱馗乇賵賮 賵丕賱兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 亘丕賱毓丿賵賶 鬲賱毓亘 丿賵乇丕賸 賲賴賲丕賸 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 丨鬲賶 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 賳鬲氐賵乇 賰賷賮 鬲毓賲賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬賴, 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 兀賳 賳乇亘胤賴丕 亘丕賱卮賰賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷: 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 賯丕賳賵賳 毓賳 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱匕賷 賷賳賯賱 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 ( 丕賱毓丿賵賶 ) 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓賳 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕, 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 毓賳 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 亘賴丕.
亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲毓賷丿 丕賱賳馗乇 賱鬲丨賱賱 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇, 賵丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲, 賵丕賱乇爻丕卅賱 丕賱匕丕卅毓丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賱鬲賮賴賲 爻亘亘 匕賷賵毓賴丕, 亘賱 廿賳賰 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 毓賳 毓賲丿 賱賳卮乇 兀賮賰丕乇 賲毓賷賳丞. 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘, 賯丕賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 亘廿賱丨丕賯 賮氐賱 賮賷 兀禺乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻賲賴 ( 丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 ) 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賳卮乇 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 亘毓囟 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賳賯丕胤 鬲丨賵賱 賮賷 亘賷卅鬲賴賲 賵賲噩丕賱 兀毓賲丕賱賴賲.
丨賯賷賯丞 兀賳賷, 賵亘賰賱 氐乇丕丨丞, 兀毓鬲亘乇 賳賮爻賷 賯丿 馗賱賲鬲 賰鬲丕亘 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 兀卮丿 丕賱馗賱賲 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳. 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷賳丕賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨丕囟乇丞 丕賱賵丕丨丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賱賯賷賴丕 兀乇亘毓賷賳 兀賱賮 丿賵賱丕乇, 賵賯丿 亘丕毓 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲賱賷賵賳賷賳 賳爻禺丞 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 2006, 賯亘賱 兀賳 鬲毓賵丿 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 賱賱鬲乇鬲賮毓 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 亘毓囟 氐丿賵乇 賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱鬲丕賱賷. 氐丿賯賳賷, 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱睾賷乇 毓丕丿賷 賱賲 賷賰賳 賱兀賳 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲乇賷丿 丕賳 鬲毓乇賮 爻亘亘 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 ( 乇睾賲 兀賳 賴匕丕 卮賷亍 賲孬賷乇 ) .. 賴賳丕賰 兀爻亘丕亘 賲睾丕賷乇丞 賱卮毓亘賷丞 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 丕賱噩丕乇賮丞.
兀爻賱賵亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 賴賵 兀爻賱賵亘 賲賳 毓丕賱賲 兀禺乇. 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷丐爻爻 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞, 孬賲 賷賳胤賱賯 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 亘爻乇丿 賯氐氐 賯氐賷乇丞 賵兀亘丨丕孬 毓賱賲賷丞 賲鬲鬲丕賱賷丞 毓賳 丕卮賷丕亍 睾賷乇 賲鬲乇丕亘胤丞 廿胤賱丕賯丕賸 ( 賮賷 兀丨丿 丕賱賮氐賵賱 鬲噩丿賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 亘乇賳丕賲噩 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 丕賱卮賴賷乇 卮丕乇毓 丕賱爻賲爻賲 賵丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷 鬲噩丿賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 ) 賱賰賳賰 鬲噩丿賴 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞, 賵亘卮賰賱 賲丿賴卮 賵毓丕氐賮 賱賱毓賯賱, 賷噩乇 丨亘賱丕賸 爻丨乇賷丕 賲賳 賲賰丕賳 賲噩賴賵賱 賱鬲鬲乇丕亘胤 賰賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賯氐氐 賱鬲丿毓賲 賵鬲丐賰丿 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞. 廿賳 兀爻賱賵亘賴 賮賷 丕賱爻乇丿 賱賴賵 廿毓噩丕夭賷 亘賰賱 賲毓賳賶 丕賱賰賱賲丞. 廿賳 賰賱 賲賳 賵噩賾賴 廿賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 丨丕丿賴 賱賰鬲亘賴 (亘賲賳 賮賷賴賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱卮賴賷乇 爻鬲賷賮賳 亘丕賳賰乇) 賱賲 賷爻鬲胤毓 兀賱丕 兀賳 賷毓賱賳 廿賳亘賴丕乇賴 亘賴匕丕 丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱爻丕丨乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞.
廿賳賳賷 兀鬲丨丿丕賰 丕賱兀賳 兀賳 鬲賮鬲丨 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 ( 兀賵 兀賷 賰鬲丕亘 兀禺乇 賱賴 ) 賵兀賳 鬲卮賷乇 賱爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 ( 賮賯胤 爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 ) 賵鬲賯賵賱 賴匕丕 爻胤乇 賲賲賱. 賴匕丕 丕賱乇噩賱 亘丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲賴 丕賳 賷噩毓賱賰 兀賳 鬲賳賴賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 賮賷 噩賱爻丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賲賳 丿賵賳 兀賳 鬲卮毓乇 亘賵噩賵丿賰. 賮賷 丕賱賰賵賲賷丿賷丕 賴賳丕賰 賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘爻胤乇 丕賱禺亘胤丞
(Punch Line)
賵賴賵 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲兀鬲賷 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賳賰鬲丞 兀賵 丕賱賯氐丞 賰賷 鬲賮丕噩兀 丕賱噩賲賴賵乇 賵鬲囟丨賰賴賲 ( 賵賰兀賳賴丕 禺亘胤丞 毓賱賶 乇丐爻賴賲 ). 賰賱 賯氐丞 賲賳 賯氐氐 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 鬲賳鬲賴賷 亘爻胤乇 禺亘胤丞 賴爻鬲賷乇賷 毓賱賶 乇丐賵爻 丕賱賯乇丕亍貨 廿賲丕 鬲丨賱賷賱 兀賵 丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 兀賵 廿毓丕丿丞 鬲卮賰賷賱 賱賱賯氐丞 兀賵 廿亘乇丕夭 賱毓賳氐乇 禺賮賷 賷鬲賲 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賱丕 丕爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 丕氐賮賴丕 丕賱丕 亘兀賳賴丕 胤乇賷賯丞 ( 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱賷丞 ). 丨鬲賶 賱賵 賰賳鬲 鬲毓乇賮 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯氐賴丕, 爻賵賮 鬲鬲賮丕噩卅 亘丕賳賴丕 賷毓賷丿 氐賷丕睾鬲賴丕 亘卮賰賱 丿乇丕賲賷 賱賷噩毓賱 賲賳賴丕 賲賱丨賲丞 鬲賳鬲賴賷 亘賳賴丕賷丞 賵丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲賵賯毓 賵賱賵 亘毓丿 賲卅丞 毓丕賲.
賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 鬲爻鬲毓氐賷 丨鬲賶 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮, 賮賷 賰賱 賲乇賴 丕夭賵乇 賲賰鬲亘丞 噩丿賷丿丞 兀噩丿 鬲氐賳賷賮 噩丿賷丿 賱賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱. 兀丨賷丕賳丕 兀噩丿賴丕 賮賷 賯爻賲 (丕賱兀毓賲丕賱) 賵兀丨賷丕賳丕 賮賷 (毓賱賲 丕賱賳賮爻) 賵丕丨賷丕賳丕賸 賮賷 (鬲胤賵賷乇 丕賱匕丕鬲). 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷, 兀賮囟賱 鬲氐賳賷賮 賵噩丿鬲賴 賱賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賴賵, 賰賲丕 賷賯鬲乇丨 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 賲賵賯毓賴, 賲睾丕賲乇丕鬲 賮賰乇賷丞. 賰鬲亘賴 鬲鬲丨丿賶 丕賱丨賰賲丞 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞, 賵鬲賮鬲卮 賮賷 丕賱禺賮丕賷丕 賵丕賱丿賯丕卅賯 丕賱賲丕賰乇丞, 賵鬲毓鬲亘乇 賰賱 卮賷亍 ( 賲賵囟丞, 亘乇丕賲噩 丕胤賮丕賱, 乇賷丕囟丞, 兀亘丨丕孬 毓賱賲賷丞, 噩乇丕卅賲 .. 賰賱 卮賷亍 ) 賲丕丿丞 禺氐亘丞 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賵丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞, 鬲毓丕賱噩 丕賱賯囟丕賷丕 亘胤乇賷賯丞 噩乇賷卅丞 噩丿丕賸, 亘賱 廿賳賴丕 鬲鬲胤乇賯 賱賯囟丕賷丕 睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮丞.
睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賴賵 賲賳 兀氐賱 賰賳丿賷, 賵賱丿 賮賷 廿賳噩賱鬲乇丕 毓丕賲 1963, 賵賷毓賷卮 丨丕賱賷丕 賮賷 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰, 賵賷賰鬲亘 賲賳匕 毓丕賲 1996 賮賷 賲噩賱丞 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰乇. 賳卮卅鬲 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賰賲賯丕賱 賯丿賲賴 賱賱賲噩賱丞, 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲賲 毓賱賶 兀孬乇賴 賯亘賵賱賴 賰賰丕鬲亘 賮賷賴丕. 丕爻鬲賱賲 賲亘賱睾 賲賱賷賵賳 丿賵賱丕乇 賲賯丿賲丕 賱賳卮乇 賰鬲丕亘賴, 賵鬲賲 賳卮乇賴 賮賷 毓丕賲 2000, 賱賰賳 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮丕賯鬲 兀卮丿 鬲賵賯毓丕鬲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 噩賲賵丨丕賸, 賵乇亘賲丕 賵噩丿 亘毓囟 丕賱毓夭丕亍 賱丕丨賯丕賸 賮賷 丕賱胤賱亘 丕賱爻丕丨賯 毓賱賷賴 賱廿賱賯丕亍 賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲 賳馗賷乇 賲亘丕賱睾 囟禺賲賴. 賲賳 丕賱賲孬賷乇 賱賱廿賳鬲亘丕賴 丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀丿禺賱 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賮乇丿丕鬲 賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賵噩毓賱賴丕 賲賮乇丿丕鬲 賲鬲丿丕賵賱丞 丨鬲賶 亘賷賳 賲賳 賱賲 賷賯乇丕亍賴, 賲孬賱:
The Tipping Point, The Law of The Few, Mavens 賵睾賷乇賴丕.
賮賷 毓丕賲 2005 囟賲鬲 賲噩賱丞 丕賱鬲丕賷賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 囟賲賳 賯丕卅賲丞 兀賰孬乇 100 卮禺氐 鬲兀孬賷乇, 賵賮賷 毓丕賲 2006 賯丿賲 賲丨丕囟乇丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賮賷 賲丐鬲賲乇 鬲賷丿 亘毓賳賵丕賳 ( 氐賱氐丞 丕賱爻亘丕睾賷鬲賷 ), 賵賮賷 毓丕賲 2007 賳丕賱 噩丕卅夭丞 賲賳 賲賳 賲賳馗賲丞 毓賱賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 賱賱鬲賲賷夭 賮賷 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱賯囟丕賷丕 丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞, 賵賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱毓丕賲 賳丕賱 丿乇噩丞 卮乇賮賷丞 賲賳 噩丕賲毓丞 賵丕鬲乇賱賵.
丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 氐丿乇鬲 賲賳 ( 丕賱丿丕乇 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賱賱毓賱賵賲 ) 賵鬲賯賷賷賲賷 賱賴丕 亘兀賳賴丕 鬲乇噩賲丞 ( 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱賯乇丕亍丞 ) 賱賰賳 賴賳丕賰 ( 賰丕賱毓丕丿丞 ) 兀禺胤丕亍 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賱丕 賷賯毓 賮賷賴丕 胤丕賱亘 廿毓丿丕丿賷丞 鬲噩毓賱 賲賳 亘毓囟 丕賱爻胤賵乇 賲乇亘賰丞 賵氐毓亘丞 丕賱賮賴賲. 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷, 賮賷 鬲氐賵乇賷 賰賯丕乇卅, 丕賳賴丕 鬲鬲亘毓 賳馗丕賲 ( 鬲乇噩賲 賵丕賳卮乇 ) 賲賳 丿賵賳 賵噩賵丿 兀賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賱賱鬲賳賯賷丨 兀賵 賲乇丕噩毓丞 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞. 毓賱賶 賰賱 丨丕賱, 亘廿賲賰丕賳賰 賮賴賲 丕賱賳氐 丕賱兀氐賱賷 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賲毓 賵噩賵丿 丨丕噩丞 賱爻丿 亘毓囟 丕賱丨賮乇 賵丕賱孬睾乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞.
鬲賲賳賷丕鬲賷 賱賰賲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賲賲鬲毓丞
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胤賵丕賱 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱卮乇賯 丕賱兀賵爻胤 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賱賲 鬲卮賴丿 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 兀賷 孬賵乇丞 丨賯賷賯賷丞, 賱賲 賷賰賳 賴賳丕賰 爻賵賶 賲馗丕賴乇丕鬲 賳丕丿乇丞 賲亘毓孬乇丞 賴賳丕 賵賴賳丕賰. 賵賮噩丕亍丞, 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 爻丕亘賯 廿賳匕丕乇, 鬲賳丿賱毓 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱賵丕丨丿丞 鬲賱賵 丕賱兀禺乇賶 賮賷 兀乇噩丕亍 丕賱賲賳胤賯丞 .. 鬲賵賳爻 .. 賲氐乇 .. 丕賱賷賲賳 .. 丕賱亘丨乇賷賳 .. 賱賷亘賷丕 .. 丕賱賲睾乇亘 .. 賵丕賱賯丕丿賲 賲匕賴賱 兀賰孬乇.
賱賷爻 賲賳 丕賱氐毓賵亘丞 亘賲賰丕賳 兀賳 賳丨賱賱 爻亘亘 賳卮賵亍 賰賱 孬賵乇丞 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 毓賱賶 丨丿丞, 賱賰賳 丕賱卮賷亍 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲毓氐賷 毓賱賶 丕賱賮賴賲 賴賵 爻亘亘 丨丿賵孬 賰賱 賴匕賴 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賯氐賷乇丞 ( 丨賵丕賱賷 禺賲爻賷賳 賷賵賲丕賸 ). 賲丕 賱匕賷 丿賮毓 亘毓噩賱丞 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賱兀賳 鬲鬲丿丨乇噩 亘賴匕賴 丕賱爻乇毓丞 丕賱乇賴賷亘丞 賲賳 丿賵賱丞 賱兀禺乇賶責 賴匕丕 丕賱爻丐丕賱, 賮賷 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇賷, 噩賵賴乇賷 噩丿丕賻, 賵賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賲胤賵賱丕賸. 廿匕丕 毓乇賮賳丕 丕賱爻乇, 賲丕 賱匕賷 賷賲賳毓賳丕 賲賳 廿毓丕丿丞 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱賵氐賮丞 賱廿爻鬲丨丿丕孬 孬賵乇丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 毓賱賶 丕賲鬲丿丕丿 丕賱賵胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷責 廿賳 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賳賯賱亘鬲 毓賱賶 丕賳馗賲鬲賴丕 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲亘丿丞 賲丕 賷夭丕賱 兀賲丕賲賴丕 胤乇賷賯 胤賵賷賱, 賵賲丕 鬲夭丕賱 亘丨丕噩丞 賱兀賳 鬲賯賵賲 亘孬賵乇丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯囟丕亍, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯胤丕毓 丕賱氐丨賷, 賱廿氐賱丕丨 丕賱賯賷賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕賱亘丕賱賷丞, 賵睾賷乇賴丕, 賰賷 鬲氐賱 賱賱賲賰丕賳丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲亘睾賷賴丕 賱賳賮爻賴丕. 賷賵賲 賲賳 丕賱兀賷丕賲, 亘毓丿 兀賳 鬲賴丿兀 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱賵胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷, 爻賵賮 鬲噩丿 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賳賮爻賴丕 兀賲丕賲 鬲丨丿賷丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 鬲爻鬲賱夭賲 鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 噩匕乇賷丞, 賵丨賷賳賴丕 爻賵賮 賷賰賵賳 丕賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲丿丕賵賱賴 丕賱噩賲賷毓: 賰賷賮 賳賮毓賱賴丕 賲乇丞 孬丕賳賷丞責
賰鬲丕亘 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 賱賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賰賳丿賷 ( 賲丕賱賰賵賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 ) 賰鬲丕亘 亘毓賷丿 賰賱 丕賱亘毓丿 毓賳 丕賱賲噩丕賱 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷, 賱賰賳賴 賷賯丿賲 孬賱丕孬 賯賵丕賳賷賳 賱鬲賮爻賷乇 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳鬲卮乇 賮賷 兀賷 賲噩鬲賲毓 亘卮賰賱 賲賮丕噩卅 賵爻乇賷毓. 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 賲乇賳丞 噩丿丕賸, 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴丕 賰賷 鬲丨賱賱 爻亘亘 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞, 賰賲丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲毓賲賱賴丕 賱鬲賮爻賷乇 賳噩丕丨 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賲毓賷賳丞 賲孬賱 丕賱丌賷 亘丕丿 賵賮卮賱 鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 賲孬賱 賯賵賯賱 賵賷賮, 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴丕 賱賮賴賲 兀爻亘丕亘 丕賳禺賮丕囟 兀賵 丕乇鬲賮丕毓 賲毓丿賱丕鬲 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞, 鬲丨賱賷賱 賳噩丕丨 丕賱賰鬲亘 賵丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲 丕賱兀賰孬乇 賲亘賷毓丕賸, 卮賷賵毓 賲賵囟丞 賲毓賷賳丞, 亘賱 廿賳賰 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 賱賮賴賲 爻亘亘 丕賱廿賯亘丕賱 睾賷乇 丕賱毓丕丿賷 賱賱卮毓亘 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷 毓賱賶 卮乇丕亘 ( 丕賱賮賷賲鬲賵 ) 賮賷 乇賲囟丕賳.
賯亘賱 兀賳 賳爻鬲毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞, 賱賳亘丿亍 亘爻丐丕賱 賷胤乇丨 賳賮爻賴 丨賵賱 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: ( 賲丕 賴賷 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱責 ) 兀賷 鬲睾賷賷乇 賷丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賷丨丿孬 毓丕丿丞 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賵毓賱賶 賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱夭賲賳. 毓賱賶 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賲孬丕賱, 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 亘毓賷丿丞 賮賷 丕賱爻毓賵丿賷丞 賰丕賳 賲賳馗乇 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱匕賷 賷乇亘胤 丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳 賲孬賷乇 賱賱丕爻鬲睾乇丕亘 ( 賵乇亘賲丕 賱賱囟丨賰 兀丨賷丕賳丕賸 ), 賵廿賳 賱賲 鬲禺賳賷 丕賱匕丕賰乇丞 亘丿兀鬲 丕賱噩賴賵丿 鬲鬲乇賰夭 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賵毓賷丞 亘丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳 賮賷 毓丕賲 2000, 賵賲賳匕 匕賱賰 丕賱丨賷賳 賵賳丨賳 賳卮賴丿 夭賷丕丿丞 胤賮賷賮丞 爻賳賵賷丕賸 賮賷 兀毓丿丕丿 賲賳 賷賱鬲夭賲賵賳 亘乇亘胤 丨夭丕賲 丕賱兀賲丕賳. 賴匕丕 賴賵 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷貨 鬲丨賵賱 賷丨丿孬 亘卮賰賱 鬲丿乇賷噩賷 賵毓賱賶 賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱夭賲賳. 賱賰賳 賲賳 噩賴丞 兀禺乇賶, 賴賳丕賰 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 鬲丨丿孬 賮賷 睾囟賵賳 賮鬲乇丞 賯氐賷乇丞 噩丿丕賸, 賵亘卮賰賱 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓, 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞. 賱丨馗丞 丕賱睾賱賷丕賳 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳賯賱亘 賮賷賴丕 丕賱兀賲賵乇 乇兀爻丕賸 毓賱賶 毓賯亘 賮噩丕亍丞 賵賲賳 丿賵賳 兀賷 爻丕亘賯 兀賳匕丕乇 賱鬲賳鬲卮乇 馗丕賴乇丞 兀賵 爻賱賵賰 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵賯毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱賳丕乇 賮賷 丕賱賴卮賷賲, 賴賷 丕賱賱丨馗丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷爻賲賷賴丕 賲丕賱賰賵賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ).
賲氐胤賱丨 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱
( The Tipping Point )
賴賵 兀爻丕爻丕賸 賲氐胤賱丨 賷爻鬲禺丿賲賴 毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 賱賵氐賮 丕賱賱丨馗丞 丕賱丨乇噩丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賳賮噩乇 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賵亘丕亍 亘卮賰賱 卮賳賷毓 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓. 毓賳丿賲丕 賰丕賳 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷毓賲賱 賰賲乇丕爻賱 賱氐丕賱丨 ( 賵丕卮賳胤賳 亘賵爻鬲 ) 兀爻賳丿鬲 賱賴 賲賴賲丞 鬲睾胤賷丞 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 賵亘丕亍 丕賱廿賷丿夭, 賵賲毓 丕丨鬲賰丕賰賴 亘毓賱賲丕亍 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞 亘丿兀 賷匕賴賱 賲賳 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮賴, 賵丕賱賲禺賷賮賴, 賵丕賱鬲賷 賷氐毓亘 丕賱鬲賳亘丐 亘賴丕 賱廿賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞. 賮賷 毓丕賲 1982 丨丿孬鬲 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱 卮賳賷毓丞 賱賵亘丕亍 丕賱兀賷丿夭, 賮賯丿 丕賳鬲賯賱 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 賵亘丕亍 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳賴 兀賮乇丕丿 賯賱丞, 賱賰賵賳賴 賵亘丕亍 毓丕賱賲賷. 賴匕賴 丕賱丨丕丿孬丞, 賵賴匕丕 丕賱賵氐賮 賱賴丕, 噩毓賱 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷胤乇丨 賮賰乇丞 兀賳 賱賰賱 卮賷亍, 賵賱賷爻 賮賯胤 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞, 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱. 賲丕 賱匕賷 賷賲賳毓, 鬲爻丕亍賱 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱, 賲賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賱賱兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱鬲噩丕乇賷丞, 丕賱賲賵囟丞, 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇, 丕賱鬲賷丕乇丕鬲, 丕賱賲賳鬲噩丕鬲, 丕賱廿毓賱丕賳丕鬲, 賳賯胤丞 鬲丨賵賱 兀賷囟丕賸責
丕賱賮賰乇丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷亘賳賷 毓賱賷賴丕 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳賴 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 賱丨丿賵孬 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 賴賷 賮賷 兀賳 賳鬲氐賵乇 兀賮賰丕乇 賵爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賰兀賵亘卅丞, 賵賲孬賱 丕賱兀賵亘卅丞, 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賵丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 賱賴丕 禺丕氐賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 賵丕賱毓丿賵賶. 賱匕賱賰, 賷爻賲賷 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賯賵丕賳賷賳賴 ( 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 賱賱兀賵亘卅丞 ). 丿毓賵賳丕 丕賱丌賳 賳鬲爻毓乇囟 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 賱廿賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賮賰乇丞 兀賵 丕賱爻賱賵賰 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕爻賲賴 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賯賱賷丞 ). 賷賳氐 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 兀卮禺丕氐 賯賱賷賱賵賳 噩丿丕賸 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 亘廿賲賰丕賳賴賲 賳賯賱 丕賱毓丿賵賶 ( 丕賱賮賰乇丞 兀賵 丕賱爻賱賵賰 兀賵 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 ) 兀賮囟賱 賲賳 睾賷乇賴賲. 賴賳丕賰 孬賱丕孬 賲賱賰丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 丕匕丕 丕賲鬲賱賰賴丕 丕賱卮禺氐 氐丕乇 賲賵氐賱丕賸 賮毓丕賱丕賸 賱賱毓丿賵賶, 賵賴賷: 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓, 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 鬲賰賵賷賳 氐賱丕鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞, 賵丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 噩賲毓 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 毓丕賲賱 丕賱廿賱鬲氐丕賯 ): 賲丨鬲賵賶 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賵胤乇賷賯丞 毓乇囟賴丕 鬲賱毓亘 丿賵乇丕賸 兀爻丕爻賷丕賸 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 賲賳 丕賱爻賴賵賱丞 廿賷氐丕賱 乇爻丕賱鬲賰 賱賱噩賲丕賴賷乇, 賱賰賳 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴賲 賷鬲匕賰乇賵賳賴丕責 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴丕 鬲乇爻禺 賮賷 兀匕賴丕賳賴賲責 賰賷賮 鬲噩毓賱賴賲 賷丐賲賳賵賳 亘賴丕責 賴匕丕 賴賵 丕賱鬲丨丿賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷, 賵賴匕丕 賴賵 賱亘 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷.
丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 賴賵 ( 賯丕賳賵賳 賯賵丞 丕賱爻賷丕賯 ): 賷賳氐 毓賱賶 兀賳 丕賱馗乇賵賮 賵丕賱兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 亘丕賱毓丿賵賶 鬲賱毓亘 丿賵乇丕賸 賲賴賲丕賸 賮賷 丕賳鬲卮丕乇賴丕. 丨鬲賶 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 賳鬲氐賵乇 賰賷賮 鬲毓賲賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬賴, 賲賳 丕賱兀賮囟賱 兀賳 賳乇亘胤賴丕 亘丕賱卮賰賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷: 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 賯丕賳賵賳 毓賳 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賱匕賷 賷賳賯賱 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 ( 丕賱毓丿賵賶 ) 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賳賷 毓賳 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 賳賮爻賴丕, 賵丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱孬丕賱孬 毓賳 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱賲丨賷胤丞 亘賴丕.
亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 賴匕賴 丕賱賯賵丕賳賷賳 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲毓賷丿 丕賱賳馗乇 賱鬲丨賱賱 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇, 賵丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲, 賵丕賱乇爻丕卅賱 丕賱匕丕卅毓丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賱鬲賮賴賲 爻亘亘 匕賷賵毓賴丕, 亘賱 廿賳賰 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 兀賳 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 毓賳 毓賲丿 賱賳卮乇 兀賮賰丕乇 賲毓賷賳丞. 賮賷 丕賱胤亘毓丕鬲 丕賱賱丕丨賯丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘, 賯丕賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 亘廿賱丨丕賯 賮氐賱 賮賷 兀禺乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕爻賲賴 ( 丿乇賵爻 賲賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 ) 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賳卮乇 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 亘毓囟 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賳賯丕胤 鬲丨賵賱 賮賷 亘賷卅鬲賴賲 賵賲噩丕賱 兀毓賲丕賱賴賲.
丨賯賷賯丞 兀賳賷, 賵亘賰賱 氐乇丕丨丞, 兀毓鬲亘乇 賳賮爻賷 賯丿 馗賱賲鬲 賰鬲丕亘 ( 賳賯胤丞 丕賱鬲丨賵賱 ) 兀卮丿 丕賱馗賱賲 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳. 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷賳丕賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨丕囟乇丞 丕賱賵丕丨丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賱賯賷賴丕 兀乇亘毓賷賳 兀賱賮 丿賵賱丕乇, 賵賯丿 亘丕毓 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲賱賷賵賳賷賳 賳爻禺丞 丨鬲賶 毓丕賲 2006, 賯亘賱 兀賳 鬲毓賵丿 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 賱賱鬲乇鬲賮毓 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 亘毓囟 氐丿賵乇 賰鬲丕亘賴 丕賱鬲丕賱賷. 氐丿賯賳賷, 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱睾賷乇 毓丕丿賷 賱賲 賷賰賳 賱兀賳 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲乇賷丿 丕賳 鬲毓乇賮 爻亘亘 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丕鬲 賵丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 ( 乇睾賲 兀賳 賴匕丕 卮賷亍 賲孬賷乇 ) .. 賴賳丕賰 兀爻亘丕亘 賲睾丕賷乇丞 賱卮毓亘賷丞 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 丕賱噩丕乇賮丞.
兀爻賱賵亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞 賴賵 兀爻賱賵亘 賲賳 毓丕賱賲 兀禺乇. 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賷丐爻爻 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞, 孬賲 賷賳胤賱賯 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 亘爻乇丿 賯氐氐 賯氐賷乇丞 賵兀亘丨丕孬 毓賱賲賷丞 賲鬲鬲丕賱賷丞 毓賳 丕卮賷丕亍 睾賷乇 賲鬲乇丕亘胤丞 廿胤賱丕賯丕賸 ( 賮賷 兀丨丿 丕賱賮氐賵賱 鬲噩丿賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 亘乇賳丕賲噩 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 丕賱卮賴賷乇 卮丕乇毓 丕賱爻賲爻賲 賵丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱鬲丕賱賷 鬲噩丿賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 ) 賱賰賳賰 鬲噩丿賴 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞, 賵亘卮賰賱 賲丿賴卮 賵毓丕氐賮 賱賱毓賯賱, 賷噩乇 丨亘賱丕賸 爻丨乇賷丕 賲賳 賲賰丕賳 賲噩賴賵賱 賱鬲鬲乇丕亘胤 賰賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賯氐氐 賱鬲丿毓賲 賵鬲丐賰丿 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞. 廿賳 兀爻賱賵亘賴 賮賷 丕賱爻乇丿 賱賴賵 廿毓噩丕夭賷 亘賰賱 賲毓賳賶 丕賱賰賱賲丞. 廿賳 賰賱 賲賳 賵噩賾賴 廿賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 丨丕丿賴 賱賰鬲亘賴 (亘賲賳 賮賷賴賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱卮賴賷乇 爻鬲賷賮賳 亘丕賳賰乇) 賱賲 賷爻鬲胤毓 兀賱丕 兀賳 賷毓賱賳 廿賳亘賴丕乇賴 亘賴匕丕 丕賱兀爻賱賵亘 丕賱爻丕丨乇 賮賷 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞.
廿賳賳賷 兀鬲丨丿丕賰 丕賱兀賳 兀賳 鬲賮鬲丨 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 ( 兀賵 兀賷 賰鬲丕亘 兀禺乇 賱賴 ) 賵兀賳 鬲卮賷乇 賱爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 ( 賮賯胤 爻胤乇 賵丕丨丿 ) 賵鬲賯賵賱 賴匕丕 爻胤乇 賲賲賱. 賴匕丕 丕賱乇噩賱 亘丕爻鬲胤丕毓鬲賴 丕賳 賷噩毓賱賰 兀賳 鬲賳賴賷 賰鬲丕亘賴 賮賷 噩賱爻丞 賵丕丨丿丞 賲賳 丿賵賳 兀賳 鬲卮毓乇 亘賵噩賵丿賰. 賮賷 丕賱賰賵賲賷丿賷丕 賴賳丕賰 賲丕 賷毓乇賮 亘爻胤乇 丕賱禺亘胤丞
(Punch Line)
賵賴賵 毓亘丕乇丞 毓賳 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲兀鬲賷 賮賷 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱賳賰鬲丞 兀賵 丕賱賯氐丞 賰賷 鬲賮丕噩兀 丕賱噩賲賴賵乇 賵鬲囟丨賰賴賲 ( 賵賰兀賳賴丕 禺亘胤丞 毓賱賶 乇丐爻賴賲 ). 賰賱 賯氐丞 賲賳 賯氐氐 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 鬲賳鬲賴賷 亘爻胤乇 禺亘胤丞 賴爻鬲賷乇賷 毓賱賶 乇丐賵爻 丕賱賯乇丕亍貨 廿賲丕 鬲丨賱賷賱 兀賵 丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 兀賵 廿毓丕丿丞 鬲卮賰賷賱 賱賱賯氐丞 兀賵 廿亘乇丕夭 賱毓賳氐乇 禺賮賷 賷鬲賲 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賱丕 丕爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 丕氐賮賴丕 丕賱丕 亘兀賳賴丕 胤乇賷賯丞 ( 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱賷丞 ). 丨鬲賶 賱賵 賰賳鬲 鬲毓乇賮 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯氐賴丕, 爻賵賮 鬲鬲賮丕噩卅 亘丕賳賴丕 賷毓賷丿 氐賷丕睾鬲賴丕 亘卮賰賱 丿乇丕賲賷 賱賷噩毓賱 賲賳賴丕 賲賱丨賲丞 鬲賳鬲賴賷 亘賳賴丕賷丞 賵丕爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 睾賷乇 賯丕亘賱 賱賱鬲賵賯毓 賵賱賵 亘毓丿 賲卅丞 毓丕賲.
賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 鬲爻鬲毓氐賷 丨鬲賶 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮, 賮賷 賰賱 賲乇賴 丕夭賵乇 賲賰鬲亘丞 噩丿賷丿丞 兀噩丿 鬲氐賳賷賮 噩丿賷丿 賱賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱. 兀丨賷丕賳丕 兀噩丿賴丕 賮賷 賯爻賲 (丕賱兀毓賲丕賱) 賵兀丨賷丕賳丕 賮賷 (毓賱賲 丕賱賳賮爻) 賵丕丨賷丕賳丕賸 賮賷 (鬲胤賵賷乇 丕賱匕丕鬲). 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷, 兀賮囟賱 鬲氐賳賷賮 賵噩丿鬲賴 賱賰鬲亘 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賴賵, 賰賲丕 賷賯鬲乇丨 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 賲賵賯毓賴, 賲睾丕賲乇丕鬲 賮賰乇賷丞. 賰鬲亘賴 鬲鬲丨丿賶 丕賱丨賰賲丞 丕賱鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞, 賵鬲賮鬲卮 賮賷 丕賱禺賮丕賷丕 賵丕賱丿賯丕卅賯 丕賱賲丕賰乇丞, 賵鬲毓鬲亘乇 賰賱 卮賷亍 ( 賲賵囟丞, 亘乇丕賲噩 丕胤賮丕賱, 乇賷丕囟丞, 兀亘丨丕孬 毓賱賲賷丞, 噩乇丕卅賲 .. 賰賱 卮賷亍 ) 賲丕丿丞 禺氐亘丞 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賵丕賱鬲兀賲賱 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘丞, 鬲毓丕賱噩 丕賱賯囟丕賷丕 亘胤乇賷賯丞 噩乇賷卅丞 噩丿丕賸, 亘賱 廿賳賴丕 鬲鬲胤乇賯 賱賯囟丕賷丕 睾賷乇 賲兀賱賵賮丞.
睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 賴賵 賲賳 兀氐賱 賰賳丿賷, 賵賱丿 賮賷 廿賳噩賱鬲乇丕 毓丕賲 1963, 賵賷毓賷卮 丨丕賱賷丕 賮賷 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰, 賵賷賰鬲亘 賲賳匕 毓丕賲 1996 賮賷 賲噩賱丞 賳賷賵賷賵乇賰乇. 賳卮卅鬲 賮賰乇丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱亘丿丕賷丞 賰賲賯丕賱 賯丿賲賴 賱賱賲噩賱丞, 賵丕賱匕賷 鬲賲 毓賱賶 兀孬乇賴 賯亘賵賱賴 賰賰丕鬲亘 賮賷賴丕. 丕爻鬲賱賲 賲亘賱睾 賲賱賷賵賳 丿賵賱丕乇 賲賯丿賲丕 賱賳卮乇 賰鬲丕亘賴, 賵鬲賲 賳卮乇賴 賮賷 毓丕賲 2000, 賱賰賳 賲亘賷毓丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮丕賯鬲 兀卮丿 鬲賵賯毓丕鬲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 噩賲賵丨丕賸, 賵乇亘賲丕 賵噩丿 亘毓囟 丕賱毓夭丕亍 賱丕丨賯丕賸 賮賷 丕賱胤賱亘 丕賱爻丕丨賯 毓賱賷賴 賱廿賱賯丕亍 賲丨丕囟乇丕鬲 賳馗賷乇 賲亘丕賱睾 囟禺賲賴. 賲賳 丕賱賲孬賷乇 賱賱廿賳鬲亘丕賴 丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀丿禺賱 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賮乇丿丕鬲 賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 賵噩毓賱賴丕 賲賮乇丿丕鬲 賲鬲丿丕賵賱丞 丨鬲賶 亘賷賳 賲賳 賱賲 賷賯乇丕亍賴, 賲孬賱:
The Tipping Point, The Law of The Few, Mavens 賵睾賷乇賴丕.
賮賷 毓丕賲 2005 囟賲鬲 賲噩賱丞 丕賱鬲丕賷賲 睾賱丕丿賵賷賱 囟賲賳 賯丕卅賲丞 兀賰孬乇 100 卮禺氐 鬲兀孬賷乇, 賵賮賷 毓丕賲 2006 賯丿賲 賲丨丕囟乇丞 乇丕卅毓丞 賮賷 賲丐鬲賲乇 鬲賷丿 亘毓賳賵丕賳 ( 氐賱氐丞 丕賱爻亘丕睾賷鬲賷 ), 賵賮賷 毓丕賲 2007 賳丕賱 噩丕卅夭丞 賲賳 賲賳 賲賳馗賲丞 毓賱賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱兀賲乇賷賰賷丞 賱賱鬲賲賷夭 賮賷 鬲賯丿賷賲 丕賱賯囟丕賷丕 丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞, 賵賮賷 賳賮爻 丕賱毓丕賲 賳丕賱 丿乇噩丞 卮乇賮賷丞 賲賳 噩丕賲毓丞 賵丕鬲乇賱賵.
丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 氐丿乇鬲 賲賳 ( 丕賱丿丕乇 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賱賱毓賱賵賲 ) 賵鬲賯賷賷賲賷 賱賴丕 亘兀賳賴丕 鬲乇噩賲丞 ( 賯丕亘賱丞 賱賱賯乇丕亍丞 ) 賱賰賳 賴賳丕賰 ( 賰丕賱毓丕丿丞 ) 兀禺胤丕亍 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賱丕 賷賯毓 賮賷賴丕 胤丕賱亘 廿毓丿丕丿賷丞 鬲噩毓賱 賲賳 亘毓囟 丕賱爻胤賵乇 賲乇亘賰丞 賵氐毓亘丞 丕賱賮賴賲. 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷, 賮賷 鬲氐賵乇賷 賰賯丕乇卅, 丕賳賴丕 鬲鬲亘毓 賳馗丕賲 ( 鬲乇噩賲 賵丕賳卮乇 ) 賲賳 丿賵賳 賵噩賵丿 兀賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賱賱鬲賳賯賷丨 兀賵 賲乇丕噩毓丞 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞. 毓賱賶 賰賱 丨丕賱, 亘廿賲賰丕賳賰 賮賴賲 丕賱賳氐 丕賱兀氐賱賷 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 賲毓 賵噩賵丿 丨丕噩丞 賱爻丿 亘毓囟 丕賱丨賮乇 賵丕賱孬睾乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞.
鬲賲賳賷丕鬲賷 賱賰賲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賲賲鬲毓丞
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