This was a great overview of the nighttime sky by National Geographic. The entire book was put together very well. All the information presented was cThis was a great overview of the nighttime sky by National Geographic. The entire book was put together very well. All the information presented was clear without over explaining and with lots of visual references on every page. The chapters were specific to include the information about the sun, the moon, the atmosphere, the stars, the planets, the seasons, the comets & meteors, and the many constellations.
The book went beyond the basics because it explained northern and southern hemispheres, historical and cultural notes about the zodiacal calendar, summertime and wintertime skies, celestial movement and timekeeping, basic celestial navigation principles, and much more.
Anyone at any age could read this and learn something in my opinion. This was a very informative book and I'd recommend it to anyone interested in learning how to interpret the night sky. Thanks!...more
This was an engaging and interesting read about the scientist who pioneered rocket science and space travel. Michael J. Neufeld told his entire story This was an engaging and interesting read about the scientist who pioneered rocket science and space travel. Michael J. Neufeld told his entire story that was very intriguing from start to finish. Born in 1912, Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun showed aptitude for mechanical and creativity at a young age. At age 12 his parents gave him a telescope as a confirmation gift and that started it all
The year 1925 would prove to be a critical turning point in Wernher von Braun's life, and not only because the telescope launched a newfound fascination with the Moon, the planets, and the stars...Around the end of the year his discovery of a pioneering treatise would direct his astronomical interests toward building things that might actually allow people to travel into space. By 1932 [age 20] von Braun had matured into an immensely charming, talented, and driven individual with one seemingly utopian ambition: to pioneer human spaceflight, even to land on the Moon himself. pg 21
He read and consumed as much as possible about physics and mechanics as he could obtain while in boarding school. At age 16 he built a rocket wagon experiment that high-speed propelled down the street in front of his house "wholly out of control and trailing a comet's tail of fire" (pg 31). Eventually his aptitude brought the attention of the Nationalist Socialist Party of Germany in the early 1930s. He landed the job as director of rocket science in the German war effort. He envisioned all the theoretical into tangible mathematics, honed propulsion systems, and flight & trajectory to create the V-2 rocket for the German military.
The author detailed how this was a Faustian bargain: his drive for exploration and adventure for space, like Goethe's Dr. Faust, he made a bargain with the devil to carry out vast engineering projects, rationalizing them as being for the greater good of mankind.
All evidence suggests, however, that he was not even aware that he had made such a bargain until rather late in the war. His conservative nationalist upbringing and inclination toward apolitical opportunism made it easy to work for the Nazi regime, which asked for little at first beyond keeping quiet. Gradually through seduction and pressure, he was drawn deeper into the system. In the end he had to accept the brutal exploitation of concentration camp laborers, and he had to play his part in administering that exploitation, implicating him in crimes against humanity. However much, like Goethe's Faust, he divorced himself from personal responsibility, after he toured the Mittelwerk tunnels in late 1943 he could have had no illusions about what that meant for prisoners. His Gestapo arrest a few months later was the final straw; he finally and belatedly understood that he was "aiding an evil regime." pg 476
He was brought to the US by the American government and immediately started work on the American space program, becoming the director of NASA. He helped with the various flight programs and is credited with space launch and landing on the Moon in 1969.
Overall this was a well-written and intense read. It read quickly and was not boring by any means; I was learning a lot as I continue to read. I would highly recommend this to anyone interested in modern history that impacts us still today. Thanks!...more
This was fascinating. Each chapter opened with an introduction, short biography, and scientific relevance for each person: Nicholas Copernicus, GalileThis was fascinating. Each chapter opened with an introduction, short biography, and scientific relevance for each person: Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein.
Copernicus' writing On The Revolution of Heavenly Spheres was my favorite of all. He explained the historical context and his own discovery about celestial movement, day span, longitude, shadows, planetary rotation and revolution. Galileo's writing was a dialogue between two friends that explained his discoveries and theories. Kepler's writing Mystery of the Cosmos and Harmony of the World explained celestial movement was neat to visualize. The remaining writers were really good too.
Majority of the material covered was above my level of basic comprehension. I could grasp the concept but not the fine-tuned explanations. My knowledge of physics, astronomy, and mathematics is at the high school level! Buy I would recommend this to anyone interested in seeing where scientific concepts originated from and their writers! Thanks!...more
"The Jesuits' religious greatness lay in their ability to adapt to changing religious needs...confronted by the inevitable theological contamination p"The Jesuits' religious greatness lay in their ability to adapt to changing religious needs...confronted by the inevitable theological contamination produced by new philosophy, their function was one of prevention and repression: a vigilant task of theological policing." pg 287
The famous astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei was brought before the Roman Catholic Church for heresy. It was a slow-roll process that involved investigations from the Jesuits, inquiry, and an eventual trial. Around 1615 the Church began to peer into Galileo's writings because he endorsed anti-Church doctrine of celestial movement: Copernican heliocentric theory, Tycho's parallax as it related to the movement of comets, and his corpuscular theory of light. These concepts and the publication of Dialogue Concerning the Two World System in 1632 brought on full inquisition charges in 1633.
Pietro Redondi argued the reason of atomism that launched heresy charges against Galileo. This concept refuted the Roman Catholic concept of transubstantiation: the transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus Christ. This was a step further from his corpuscular theory of light that dealt with the structure of solids and fluids (pg 13). This hypothesis opposed Aristotelian physics (pgs 9-27) and was explained in great detail according to Galileo in the documents appendix (pg 340-6).
...since in the Eucharist the appearance of the bread and not those of the body of Christ are sensible, it must mean that in the Eucharist there are atoms of bread, the substance of bread—and not the substance of the body of Christ; and this idea [of transubstantiation] is false. pg 314
This was a pretty dense read loaded with information pertaining to religious leaders and figures, places, events, concepts, and religious dogma. I found myself having to sidebar research various topics to fill in the gaps. This was definitely a learning endeavor for me. I would recommend it to anyone who wants a full-scope analysis of Galileo and his charges and trial of heresy. Thanks! ...more
This was a highly detailed account of the creation of the atomic bomb. Richard Rhodes set the standard for this subject in my opinion. The story was tThis was a highly detailed account of the creation of the atomic bomb. Richard Rhodes set the standard for this subject in my opinion. The story was told from multiple angles with scientific, historical, and biographical but it all connects to deliver an epic story. The science behind nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, and radiochemistry were discussed to great length. Explained in detail was the history and weaponization of uranium (isotopes U235 and U238, uranium enrichment and uranium hexafluoride, uranium oxide, etc.). History was explained to include 19-20th century Europe and the scientific community, the rise of Hitler and antisemitism, WW1 and the escalation to WW2, and various other related topics.
Biographies of many important people and their accomplishments were discussed at great length: Ernest Rutherford (early atomic model), Marie Curie (radioactivity), Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg (quantum mechanics and electrons), Enrico Fermi (neutron bombardment, nuclear chain reactions, and atomic fission), J. Robert Oppenheimer (the theoretical physicist who put it all together at Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico and the Manhattan Project), and many others who all contributed to the field of nuclear energy, theoretical physics, and quantum theory. Even the psychological profiles of these individuals was discussed:
Were this thinking not in the framework of scientific work, it would be considered paranoid. In scientific work, creative thinking demands seeing things not previously seen, or in ways not previously imagined...the difference between the thinking of the paranoid patient and the scientist comes from the latter's ability and willingness to test out his fantasies or grandiose conceptualizations through the systems of checks and balances science has established. pg. 151
Overall this was a time consuming read but worth it in the end. There were lots of moderately advanced theories and concepts given but with careful attention and focus I think anyone can grasp them. I would highly recommend this to anyone interested in this subject and also would recommend American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin. That is an outstanding biography of the man. Thanks!...more
"For the loser now / Will be later to win" Bob Dylan, The Times They Are A-Changin', referenced on pg 207
"My role model was J. Robert Oppenheimer. I r"For the loser now / Will be later to win" Bob Dylan, The Times They Are A-Changin', referenced on pg 207
"My role model was J. Robert Oppenheimer. I read about the type of people he sought for the atom bomb project. I wasn't nearly as good as he was, but that's what I aspired to do." pg 363
Steve Jobs was born of Syrian and German parents only to be put up for adoption. His early years were marked with typical teenager adversity but he always had a knack for the creative. He would live in India for some time and develop an affinity for the culture. He would change the world with a computer startup in his parents garage and building it into on of the world's most valuable company. He was direct, firm, and dedicated to excellence til the very end.
Jobs had always been able to draw energy by imaging himself as a rebel pitted against the forces of darkness. Now he was able to energize his troops with the same vision. pg 161
His dedication and inability to give up transfered into his development of Apple, Macintosh, Pixar, and revolutionary concepts of the iPod, iPhone, iPad, and iCloud technology. Steve Jobs put his philosophical outlook into his products:
Jobs's interest in Eastern spirituality, Hinduism, Zen Buddhism, and the search for enlightenment was not merely the passing phase of a nineteen-year-old. Throughout his life he would seek to follow many of the basic precepts of Eastern religions, such as the emphasis on experiment ±è°ù²¹ÂáñÄå, wisdom or cognitive understanding that is intuitively experienced through concentration of the mind. pg 48
Steve Jobs eventually developed cancer in what he stated was because he was overwhelmed, stressed, and his immune system deteriorated making him vulnerable to cancer (pg 452). He attempted the holistic approach: dieting, cleansing, acupuncture, etc. and declined surgery, chemotherapy, and medication to combat the cancer. He sadly passed away in 2011 at age 56.
Steve Jobs was so into Eastern spirituality he even put that into his products
The most Zen of all simplicities was Jobs's decree, which astonished his colleagues, that the iPod would not have an on-off switch. It became true of most Apple devices. There was no need for one. Apple's devices would go dormant if they were not being used, and they would wake up when you touched any key. But there was no need for a switch that would go "Click—you're off. Good-bye." pg 389
The story of Steve Jobs in my opinion is a good one. What's even better is way Walter Isaacson wrote his story. I reread this and discovered how much I had missed the first time. My first time was on deployment in 2013 and I was unable to focus then. I'm glad I reread this with clarity and openness this time. I would definitely recommend this to anyone interested in learning about Steve Jobs and where the Apple came from. Thanks! ...more
I thought this was fascinating! J. Robert Oppenheimer had a unique upbringing I found very interesting. He grew up in a nonobservant Jewish family andI thought this was fascinating! J. Robert Oppenheimer had a unique upbringing I found very interesting. He grew up in a nonobservant Jewish family and completed grade school in a private institution called The Ethical Cultural Society. This was a Judaic reformist school where "students were taught 'Ethical Imagination,' to 'see things not as they are, but as they might be.'", pg. 19
Oppenheimer described his childhood "My life as a child did not prepare me for the fact that the world is full of cruel and bitter things.", pg. 21. He was described as odd, neurotic, and depressed by his university classmates. He eventually had a breakdown where he attacked a classmate (pg. 47). His poor social interactions and self-alienating behaviors led him tell a friend "I need physics more than friends", pg. 91
He was brilliant, extremely intelligent, and internalized the knowledge he acquired. He eventually read the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads in the original Sanskrit (pgs. 99-102). His deep reflection and internalizing of the Gita would have a heavy impact during his work on the atomic bomb. "He liked things that were difficult. And since almost everything was easy for him, the things that would attract his attention were essentially the difficult. He had a taste for the mystical and the cryptic.", pg. 99
Oppenheimer's credentials and reputation proceeded himself and landed him the job at the Los Alamos Research Laboratory in New Mexico. "In May 1942 he was appointed director of the fast-neutron research with the curious title Coordinator of Rapid Rapture. Almost immediately, he began to organize a highly secret summer seminar of top theoretical physicists whose job it was to outline a bare-bones design of an atomic bomb.", pg. 180
At the successful detonation of the atomic bomb at the Trinity Site he later told an interviewer "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita; Vishnu is trying to persuade the prince that he should do his duty, and to impress him, takes his multi-armed form and says Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds." pg. 309
Eventually his past actions and who he socialized with put him in the cross-hairs of the Department of Justice and the FBI. His loyalty was questioned after he had accusations of being a Communist sympathizer, being unpatriotic, and was deemed a risk to national security. Towards the end of his life, he gave lectures at universities and dwelt on broader themes of culture and science. He became a humanist, pondering man's survival in an age of weapons of mass destruction, pg. 574
I really enjoyed this one. It was highly detailed and contained a lot of thoroughly researched information. I would recommend it! Thanks!...more