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“But even when the names of Black fighters did not survive, stories of their exploits did. Half a century later, José Antonio Aponte, a free Black carpenter and the grandson of one of the Black militiamen who defended Havana against the British, painted pictures precisely of scenes like this, of Black troops taking British men prisoner, of military encampments guarded by Black soldiers. Indeed, Aponte would use those pictures to recruit Black men to a major conspiracy against slavery.”
― Ada Ferrer, Cuba: An American History

“In a few decades, the Indigenous population in Cuba declined by perhaps as much as 95 percent.”
― Ada Ferrer, Cuba: An American History